初中介词英语用法总结(共16篇)由网友“tsh123321”投稿提供,下面小编给大家带来初中介词英语用法总结,希望能帮助到大家!
篇1:初中介词英语用法总结
一:表示相对,针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection.
二:表示对比,比较
1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3:表示一些先后顺序的形容词,如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to
compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介
词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三: 表示修饰关系
1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to
throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.
7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to
party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
(一):表示相关联,相连接,如:be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
(二):表示反对和赞同。
1:to引导的表示反对,抗拒,对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be
resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2: to引导的表示同意,赞同意义的词组:consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.
表示调整,使符合,使适应的含义,如:adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit
to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
Your action should conform to the interests of the people.
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.
His words doesn’t fit to his actions.
Suit your writing style to the masses.
3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in
to,confess to,admit to.
The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
五: 表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七: 表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
九: 表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十: 表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十一: 表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十三: 表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十四: 表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
篇2:初中介词英语用法总结
♥表示方位的介词:in,to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
如: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
如: Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
如: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古国位于中国北边。
♥表示计量的介词:at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
如: It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price.
我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
如: He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把车卖了。
注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
如: They paid him by the month.
他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.
在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
♥表示材料的介词:of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
如: This box is made of paper.
这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
如: Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。
如: Please fill in the form in pencil first.
请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.
他们用英语交谈。
注意: in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。
请比较: draw in pencil 与draw with a pencil.
♥表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on
1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。
如:by bus 乘公共汽车
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件
注意: 表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。
请比较: I went there by bus/in a bus.
我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
如:He broke the window with a stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意: with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
如:They talked on the telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
♥表示关于的介词:of , about,on
1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
如: He spoke of the film the other day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought about this matter yesterday.
他昨天考虑了这件事。
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
如: Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
如: It’s a textbook on the history of china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
♥表原因或理由的介词:for, at,from,of, with, by,because of
1. for表示原因,常与sorry,famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。
如: I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。
如: He was surprised at the news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。
如: He died from the wound.
他因受伤而致死。
4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
如: The old man died of hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
如: Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger.
他气得浑身发抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
如:Her body was bent by age.
他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
如: He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
他上个月因病退休了!
8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
如: Owing to the rain they could not come.
由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。
如: Thanks to John, we won the game.
多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。
如: He asked the question out of curiosity.
他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
如: The war was lost through bad organization.
战争因组织不周而失败了。
♥表示好像或当作的介词:like, as
1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。
如: Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。
如:He talked to me as a father.
他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
注: as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。
如:The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
♥表示支持或反对的介词:against,for
against反对,for支持,互为反义词。
如: Are you for my idea or against it?
你赞同还是反对我的想法?
表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, except
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。
如: Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides(=as wellas)football.
除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
如: Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
注意:
(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。
如: He had other people to take care of besides me.
除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。
如: The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)
但except for也可代替except,特别是在句首时,因为except是不能用于句首的。
如: Except George, you can all go.
除乔治外,你们都可以去。
篇3:介词at的用法总结初中
He's at law school.
他在读法学院。
Help was at hand.
援助近在咫尺。
We woke at dawn.
我们在黎明醒来。
篇4:初中介词to的用法总结
初中介词to的用法归纳
一:表示相对,针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection.
二:表示对比,比较
1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3:表示一些先后顺序的形容词,如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to
compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介
词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三: 表示修饰关系
1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to
throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.
7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
初中英语学习方法
一、初中英语要学好,单词记忆是关键
英语的学习历来都是把单词看作是重点的。如果将英语比作为一座摩天大楼的话,那么同学们所学习的单词就是建筑这座大楼所需要的砖瓦,如果没有砖瓦这些基础的话,同学们是怎样才能够建筑出一栋大楼呢。所以同学们一定要能够拥有足够多的“建筑材料”。单词是基础,所以同学们要多学习,多记忆,多背诵单词。
而在记忆单词的时候,同学们也不要死记硬背,同学们可以通过一些好的单词记忆的方法,或是通过单词的读音,或是通过单词的字母,总而言之,是运用自己的大脑,用最为方便的方式来记忆单词。提高学习的效率,而且在记忆单词的时候,也不一定是要专门拿出大量的时间来做单词的记忆,很多的同学在专门背诵单词的时候,也不一定能够记住很多,效率不是很高,同学们可以通过下课的几分钟,或是在坐车的时候,或是在刷牙的是,就专门背诵几个单词,这样伶仃的几个单词累积起来,绝对可以让同学们构造出非常可观的单词数量。
单词也不能够独立的存在,独立存在的单词很容易被忘记,所以同学们在背诵的时候,最好能够背诵句子,背诵课文,这样同学们是一举多得,既可以背诵单词,还能够拥有更多的英语的累计,记住很多的句子。这对于提高同学们的英语成绩都是很有帮助的。
二、初中英语的学习,语法基础要打好
初中英语是为同学们以后英语的学习打基础的,上面已经提到了,单词是作为最为基础的存在。而语法同样也是初中英语之中的基础。初中英语的语法学好了,同学们日后英语的学习就会十分轻松。而且初中英语之中,同学们学习较多的就是词法,而不是句法,因为词法是英语之中较为简单的,有些同学是才刚刚接触英语不久,而中考是面对大多数的同学的,所以中考的考察的重点就是词法。而同学们所涉及到的句法都是较为简单的。
初中英语中所涉及到较多的就是词法,而词法对于同学们来说是非常容易的。但是词法虽然简单,内容却是不少。英语之中有十大词类,而这些词类都需要同学们在初中能够掌握。掌握单词的词性之后,同学们才能够合理的编排单词在句子之中的位置,才能够造出完整没有语法错误的句子。所以词法对于同学们来说还是较为重要。需要同学们能够认真学习。学习词法也是非常的简单,同学们只要能够认真听讲,做几道典型的例题,就能够完全掌握英语之中的词法。
三、英语学习需要练习
同学们在初中所学习的英语书还是比较难的,其中涉及的很多的知识点都是在高中的时候,老师们才能够讲解的,但是既然在初中的教材之中出现了,同学们也就要能够掌握,学好这些内容。学习英语有一种非常简单的方式,就是背诵课文,因为现在教材之中的文章都是老师们精挑细选出来的,对于同学们来说还是非常有益的,所以同学们一定要能够仔细的阅读,做好这个阅读的工作,另外如果是要求背诵的文章,就一定要能够背诵下来。
背诵英语的文章对于同学们来说是非常的有益。因为背诵文章不仅可以让同学们学习到更多的单词,还会让同学们掌握其中很多的语法知识点。背诵对于提高同学们的英语成绩很有帮助,而且背诵文章还会为同学们以后英语的写作打下很好的基础。汉语之中有一句话是“书读百遍,其义自现。”而英语之中同样是这个道理,同学们背诵的多了,知道的多了,在写作的时候也就能够信手拈来,妙笔生花。
背诵英语对同学们来说也并不是什么难事,同学们可以在背诵英语之中找到学习的乐趣,通过背诵可以记住单词,记住句子结构,在以后写作之中或是其他的关于英语的学习之中都可以用得到,所以说背诵英语对于同学们来说是非常有效的学习方式。同学们在刚开始背诵的时候可以挑选一些简单并且非常的短的文章来背诵,这样有利于培养同学们的自信心,而在对于背诵有一定的经验的时候,同学们就要开始逐渐增加背诵的难度,一定要把握好这个难度的尺度,不能一下子就太难了, 太难了的话,同学们会一下子适应不了,从而影响到学习英语的积极性,而过于简单的话,起不到锻炼提升的作用,所以同学们在背诵的时候一定要精挑细选,结合兴趣而来。
初中英语有很多的知识点,但是这些知识点都不是很难以理解,可以说,初中英语并不是一个较难的科目,对于同学们来说,学习起来并不费劲,同学们只要能够认真听讲,做好笔记,认真努力的学习,制定合理的学习计划。而且英语作为一种语言,需要同学们的大量阅读,所以同学们一定要能够把握说英语,读英语的每个机会,这样才能够在英语之中突飞猛进,获得更好的成绩。
初中英语学习建议
1.词汇过关。
无单词,不英语!记单词时首先要会读,一般会读就会写,把读音和拼写合二为一,轻松背单词。记得背新单词时先复习一下上次背过的,常反复常巩固才能变成长久记忆。
2.课文过关。
朗读课文.背诵课文是培养语感.消化巩固语法和词汇的有效途径!每天坚持8--10分钟朗读背诵.日积月累.坚持不懈!
3.语法过关。
语法是规则,按规则出牌,练习分分钟搞定!语法就如数学公式,背--例句--练习!一定要养成多次反复看笔记,记规则的学习习惯。
4.操练过关。
练习,作业是检验学习效果的必要手段。学会思考.学会分析.及时纠错.反复练习.逐步提高。
5.坚持阅读 课外拓展 锦上添花
平时的练习,阅读中遇到生词.短语.好句要善于积累。课外积累本是你超越对手的好帮手!
(二)应试专题篇
1.单项选择
综合考查,知识点语法点覆盖全面。认真审题,前后兼顾,正确选择。
2.完形填空
考知识,考推理。瞻前顾后.明确知识.推理有据。
3.阅读理解
学会处理生词,学会长句断句,了解作者意图,认真分析题干,做出正确选择。
4.词汇
读懂句意,写出单词,正确拼写,适当变形。
5.作文
确定人称与时态。列出提纲,分段书写。开头点题,中心明确,条理清晰,首位呼应。恰当运用连词、短语、句型和从句。
篇5:超全英语介词用法总结
在英语中,介词(preposition)虽然是一种小词,但在作用和运用上的复杂性却不可小看!可以毫不夸张地说,离开了介词的中介或连接作用,就无法表达某些最基本的思想或概念。在阅读理解和完形填空中,对于介词基本含义的理解,对于能否正确理解文意,起着十分重要的作用!介词虽小,不可小觑!
小简老师已为大家备好电子打印版,文末附电子打印版免费领取方式,想要获取电子打印版请拉到文末。
常用介词基本用法辨析
表示方位的介词: in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边
表示计量的介词: at, for, by
1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。
3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
表示材料的介词: of, from, in
1. of 成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from 成品已看不出原料。
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。
Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。
表示工具或手段的介词: by, with, on
1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。
I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on 表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
表示关于的介词: of, about, on
1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗?
3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
表原因或理由的介词: for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
1. for 表示原因,与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at 指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from 指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
4. of 指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
6. by 表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
8. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。
Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of 表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。
He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。
表示好像或当作的介词: like, as
1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。
He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
表示支持或反对的介词: against, foragainst 反对,for支持,互为反义词。
Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
表示除某人某物外的介词: besides, excep
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影(共计31人去)。
He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动(我并不激动)。
All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(他不是日本人)
注意:
(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。
He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。
(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)但except for 有时也可代替 except,特别是在句首时,因为 except 是不能用于句首的。
Except for George, you can all go. 除乔治外,你们都可以去。
英语介词的用法口决和解析
篇6:超全英语介词用法总结
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、帽in。
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after... (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy” is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态:
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in,如:
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
方面:
例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
例如: in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时
in place 适当地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望
in connection with 和……有关
in contact with 和……联系
in addition to 除......以外
in case of 倘若,万一
in conflict with 和......冲突
in force 有效的,大批
in depth 彻底地
in regard to 关于
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
in retrospect 回顾,一想起
in behalf of 代表......利益
in the least 一点,丝毫
in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解
in the long run 从长远说来
in one's opinion 在……看来
in word 口头上
in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地
in case 如果,万一,以防
in detail 详细地
in haste 急急忙忙地
in conclusion 总之
in spite of 尽管
in other words... 换句话说
in return 作为回报
in the name of 以......名义
be confident in 对......有信心
be interested in 对......感兴趣
in doubt 怀疑
in love 恋爱中
in debt 负债
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
“介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。
介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:
1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。
B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。
2.A.Jake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。
B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。
3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说
5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。
B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6.A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.
7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。
B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手(蟹)枪对着我。
B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手(蟹)枪。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。
on May Day 在“五·一”节
on winter day 在冬天
on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。
年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in
例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场,值日on
例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
taIk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里......
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。
Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?
We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. 靠月薪100元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。
The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。
on后接the加上一个作名词的动词.其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:
on the march在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活动中,on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语),on the go活跃,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>>
“on Coalition Government” <<论联合政(蟹)府>>
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准
注:口诀中的“着”是指着火,罢指罢工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、办公事;假指休假,准指准时。
例:The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
They has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面别。
She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
This lunch is on me.
“No. let's go Dutch.”
“这顿午饭我付钱。”
“不,还是各付各的。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解。
P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。
注:in time是“及时”的意思。
The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。
特定时间和“一……就”,左右on后动名词
例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在台阶上等。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
例:On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back! 骑马去!
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。
at山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。
例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山脚下,有我们30个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?
I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。
He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50公里。
we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。
at home 在国内,在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在镊氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏loo度沸赐。
at zero 在零度
at the rate of 45 miles an hour
at full speed 全速
at a good price 高价
at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价
at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000转
at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共(蟹)产(蟹)党。
The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原于核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格
篇7:超全英语介词用法总结
介词的英文单词是 preposition,其中 pre 是一个前缀,含义是“在......之前”,position 意为“位置”,所以“介词”preposition 在英文中的意思就是“在某个位置之前”,这也是介词最一般的用法:放在名词之前,表示位置关系。
我们再从汉语“介”字的视角,了解一下介词的本质
汉语中,“介”的意思是“在两者之间”,故有“介绍、媒介、中介、介质、介于”等词语,如果我们把介词的作用理解成“桥梁”,则其后跟名词的属性,就更好理解,因为只有“实物”才能撑起桥梁的一端。同时介词的用法也很灵活,同一个介词可以表达多种意义,介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。
第二、介词的用法
英语中介词后面必须跟名词、代替名词的代词、和名次共一样的动名词(-ing),以及名词短语、名词性从句---宾语从句。这就是介词的主要用法。
后跟名词例如:at school 在上学,in person 亲自,on duty 值班,at work 在上班,by hand 用手,with pleasure 乐意等。
后跟代词:I'm on it. 我来办。stand by him 站在他身边few of them 他们中的少数几个part of it 其中一部分depend on you 指望你
后跟动名词:do well in dancing 擅长跳舞be good at swimming 擅长游泳how about going traveling 去旅行怎么样be fond of cycling 酷爱骑行
第三、介词的分类
如果按照复杂程度分,介词可以分为单个的介词、复合介词、短语介词
1. 单个的介词,如:in,on,with,by,for,at,about,under,of 等;
2. 复合介词,例如:into,within,throughout,inside,outside,without 等;
3. 短语介词,如:out of, because of, away from, on top of, ever since, next to, according to, in front of 等。
第四、介词的主要用法
1、用在时间上
举例:at noon 在中午
2、表示方位
behind:在......后面
3、表示进行中
He is at work. (他正在工作。)
4、表示原因
Our plan is put off for bad weather. 我们的计划因天气推迟了。
5、表示方式
常用 by,with 等
6、表示大约、超过、不及
about 40:大约40
7、放在不及物动词后面,使不及物动词具备及物动词功能,以接宾语
look at me :看着我
8、表示数量
表示数量的常用介词有about(around),over等
篇8:英语介词over的用法总结
over的意思:
prep. (表示方向)越过,(部份或全部覆盖)在…上面,由于,(表示论及)关于
adv. 结束,再,(倒)下,从一边至另一边
adj. 过去的',外面的,在上的,上级的
n. 额外,剩余,剩余(或多余)的量,剩余物
int. [电信学]报文完,请回复!
vt. 走过,跳过,[美国方言]从…恢复过来
over用法:
over可以用作介词:
over表示方向可作“从或通过…顶上(交谈等)”解; 作“从…边沿溢出,漫过”解,其后一般接容器类物体、河堤等。
over还可表示状态,作“遮在…上方,盖在…上面,伏在…上”“挡在…前面,遮在…前面”解。
over还可表示方式,作“通过,凭助,经由…的媒介”解,其后常接电话、电视、收音机等交际工具名词。
over用作介词的用法例句:
The lamp hung over the table.那盏灯悬挂在桌子上方。
He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.他在麦片粥里撒上了糖。
He scattered his clothes all over the floor.他把衣服扔了一地。
over用法例句:
1、When the right woman comes along, this bad dream will be over.
当有合适的女人出现时,这种胡思乱想就会停止了。
2、Over a given period, the value of shares will rise and fall.
股票的价值在某一特定的时期内会有涨跌。
3、Dave, the pianist, played it over a couple of times.
演奏钢琴的戴夫将这支曲子反复弹了两三遍。
篇9:初中英语介词用法
初中英语介词用法大全,介词用法归纳汇总
介词的定义
介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。
介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。
介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词v-ing).介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。
介词的分类
一、表示时间的介词
(一)表示时间段的介词
(1)in , after
in +时间段,表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after +时间段,表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间,如:
He’ll come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three o’clock)
He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
(2)in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内,可用in 或during
The work was done in / during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in ,in June , in winter
(3)in last, for the past + 时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内,句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
(4)for 表示延续一段时间。
I’ll study in the U.S for two years
I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.
(二)表示某一时间的介词
(1)at, on
at 表示某一时刻,on 表示某一天或日期, 如:
at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2
一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词,请比较:
in the morning
on a winter / snow / cold / morning
at night
on the night of March 7th
in the evening
on Friday evening
(2)before, by
before 表示某一时间之前,而by 表示到某一时间止,句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如::You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。
By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.
到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.
(3)after , since
after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后,并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用,而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如;
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父亲住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来,这位女士开了五十场音乐会
(4)from…to, until / till
from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间,而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如:
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。
My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我妈妈1960年进入北京大学,一直学习到1964年。(但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night)
(三)不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如:this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。
二、表示事物之间位置的介词
(1)at, in
当事物被视作一点,不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如:
We’ll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard
因为下大雨,我只好呆在超市里
动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方,如: 城市,地区等
(2)in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置,to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置,如:
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内,in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。
(3)after, behind
after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后,相对于in front of 而言, 如:
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
(4)on , in
on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间,表示在其内部,用介词in。
There is a modern painting on the wall .
There is a modern painting on the wall .
(5)from , off 都表示“离开”
(6)above , over, below , under
over , under 表示垂直的上下关系,而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。
(7)between, among
between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。
三、表示运动方向的介词
(1)into, inside , in 从外到内 如:
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly into / inside the room.
(2)out of 从里到外,相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from
She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.
The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .
这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。
(3)on 在……表面,onto 到……上
A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树
(4)across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
这男孩用力踢球,球飞过草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
(5)The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去
She swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。
四、常用介词用法比较
(1)as , like
as 表示“作为”强调身份,like (介词)表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用……作工具”
in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
(3)for , to
for表示“为了.”
To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come动词连用,
(4)except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义, besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
(5)注意成对介词的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:
to one’s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
(7)表示加减乘除,分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
复习时需要注意的要点
(1) 介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
(2) 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:
a.动词+介词:laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词:be good at, be prond of
c. 名词+介词:pay a visit to , the key to
介词的实战演练
例1 We will play football three o’clock.
A. In B. After
C. To D. since
答案: B
提示: 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间,但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后,after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后,通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例2 The story took place a cold night.
A. in B. after
C. to D. since
答案: B
提示: on通常指特定时期:或表示某一天的上午,下午,晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚,其前面应使用介词on。
例3 We will play football three o’clock.
A. In B. After
C. To D. since
答案: B
提示: 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间,但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后,after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后,通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例4 The story took place a cold night.
A. in B. after
C. to D. since
答案: B
提示: on通常指特定时期:或表示某一天的上午,下午,晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚,其前面应使用介词on。
例5 This is the bus the People’s Park.
A. at B. for
C. to D. towards
答案: B
提示: 四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at表示“在某处,在……旁边”,for表示“(动身)去……处”,to表示“到……某处”,towards表示“向……某处”。
例6 —Are your parents workers?
—No, is a worker.
A. neither B. none
C. either D. both
答案: A
提示: neither是对两个人或事物的否定,谓语用单数形式;而both则是对两个人或事物的肯定,谓语用复数形式。
例7 The work cost us more than five weeks.(保持原意)
more than five weeks the work.
答案: We spent, on
提示: cost表示花费时间,只能用表示事物的词作主语,而spend也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意spend…on,表示在某事上花费。
例8 Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.(合并一句)
答案: Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also a lot of new ones
提示: 这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。
例9 My brother likes skating.I like swimming.(合并一句)
答案: My brother likes skating but I like swimming.
提示: 这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人,谓语动词之后的部分也不同,实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面,所以用but把两个句子连接起来。
例10 He is too young to join the army.(改复合句)
答案: He is so young that he can’t join the army.
提示: so...that表示否定时可与too…to转换。
例11 There is a hole the wall.
A. in B. on
C. of D. with
答案: A
提示: 在墙的里面,用in the wall,而on the wall指在墙的表面上。
例12 English names are different Chinese names.
A. between B. of
C. from D. about
答案: C
提示: be different from表示“与……不同”,是一个固定词组。
例13 We always have a class meeting Monday afternoon.
A. at B. on
C. in D. of
答案: B
提示: 在某天的上午下午或晚上,介词应使用0n。
例14 Please write it ink
A. with B. in
C. by D. of
答案: B
提示: 如果表示用墨水写该用in,不能用with。
例15 I’ll return the book to the library I finish reading it
A. when B. if
C. as soon as D. as
答案: C
提示: 此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆,as 。
篇10:初中英语介词用法
初中英语介词用法归纳
表示时间的介词
at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。
on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午,下午,晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用on
in:用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指上午,下午,晚上
before:在...之前
after:在...之后
by:在....前(时间)截止(到)...
until(till):直到.....为止
for:达...之久(表示过了多少时间)
during:在....期间
through:一直..(从开始到结束)
from:从...起(时间)
since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
in:过...后(未来时间)
within:不超过...的范围
表示场所,方向的介词
at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
on:在...上面,有接触面
above:在...上方
over:在...正上方,是under的反义词
under:在..下面,在...之内
below :在...下方(不一定是正下方)
near:近的,不远的
by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近
between:在两者之间
among:在三者或者更多的之中
around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周
in front of:在...的前面
behind:在...后边
in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置
into:进入
out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
along:沿着
across:横过(平面物体)
through:贯通,通过
to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向
for:表示目的,为了.....
from:从...地点起
其他介词
with: 和..在一起; 具有,带有; 用某种工具或方法
in: 表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时,不用with而用in。
by:通过...方法,手段
of:(属于)...的,表示...的数量或种类
from:来自(某地,某人),以...起始
without:没有,是with的反义词
like :像...一样
as :作为
against:反对,靠着
about: 关于,各处,四周; 询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议
初中英语几大从句归纳总结
v 宾语从句
一. 定义:宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子
如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
二. 宾语从句有三种类型:
1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义,连词that常可被省略。例如:I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.
Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?
注意:(1)当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时,宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。
(2)两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否(有,能,已经……)”等一般疑问句的含义。
例如:I wonder whether (if) he lives here.
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁,谁的,什么,哪(个,些),何时,何地,怎样,为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例如:To masked who could give the message to her mother.
Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.
三.宾语从句的时态呼应:“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。
2.主句是过去时,宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,宾语从句仍然用现在时态。
3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时,但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。
四.宾语从句的语序
1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)
如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow
2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词
如:She asked me who had helped him
v 状语从句
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,根据状语的功能状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。
一.时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
1. when 当…的时候(一般情况下:主将从现)
I will become a teacher when I grow up
2. while 当…时
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
3. as 在…的同时;一边…一边…
He smiled as he stood up.
4. after 在…之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
5. before 在…之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
6. as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下:主将从现)
We began to work as soon as we got there.
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
7. since 自…以来 到现在
表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (还可以用作介词,本句从句还可以用短语:since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)
8 till /until 直到
都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。
They walked till /until it was dark.
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
9. by the time 到…为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
用法辨析:1.when, while和as的区别
When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如: When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As 表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。
例如: We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生,三者差异如下:
as
表示“一边。。。一边“的意思
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前 “或”之后“发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
3.常用于常见搭配中
while
1、用于时间较长时
2、强调两个动作同时进行,并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换,有时不可以。
lt was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时,正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生,when可换为as, 但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后,她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前,注意时态表达,只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时,电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开,忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.
while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿,然而,实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折,对比,when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时,那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句,从句的动作同时发生,while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词,因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心,因为小爱丽丝病了,特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如:
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,表述为:现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
知识扩展
1. It is …since 从….以来多长时间了
It is five years since we met last time.
2. It is …+before…(。。。才。。。)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
二.原因状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然。。。
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。。。
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
.用法辨析:because , since , as , for辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
三、条件状语从句
连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 如果不、除非(让步)
1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
2. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
3. You will be late unless you leave immediately.
=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.
条件状语从句:主将从现.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
四、目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
1. so…that 如此…以至于
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
2. so that 以至于, 以便于
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
3. such…that 如此…以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
4. in order that=so that 为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
5.比较:so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
so nice a flowersuch a nice flower
so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers
so many peoplesuch a lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)
难点
so+形容词或副词 so+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
so +many /few+复数可数名词
so +much/ little+不可数名词
so…that与such…that皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school
so +adj/adv.+ that, such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果
so为副词,后接形容词,副词原型,可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时,应采用句型:so many (few, much, little )+n.
such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的,也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
五、让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词: though, although.,whether…or not
难点:though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/though…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although不能作并列连词,although不能作副词,放在词尾表示强调时要用even though.
1、Even though I didn’t under a word, I kept smiling. 尽管
【典型例题】
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless
2)ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
3) whether…or not 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
no matter 从句
结构:”no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序“ 或”特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序“
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换:no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)No matter what you say is not useful now.
(对)Whatever you say is not useful now. 你现在说什么也没用了。
(Whatever you say是主语从句)
(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么
v 定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后
如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词:
1.连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that
2.连接副词:when、where、why
选用连接词的关键是看先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词或代词)
一、连接代词的选用:
1.who 指人,先行词为人,在从句中做主语
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom 指人,先行词为人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
3.which 指物,先行词为物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that 指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,译成 ”...的“
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
指物时,常用以下结构来代替
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
介词+连接代词引导的定语从句连接代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+连接代词引导
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在连接代词前,连接代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;连接代词是所有格时用whose
The man with whom you talked is my friend.
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
3. “介词+连接代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities
二、连接副词的选用:
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
三、判断关系代词和关系副词的方法: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)
例1. Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)
四、介词+连接词用法说明
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换
如:This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
china is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例:
his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1) he married her, as/which was natural.
(2) he was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
as is known to all, china is a developing country.
he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
john, as you know, is a famous writer.
he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe.
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as
i have never heard such a story as he tells.
he is not such a fool as he looks.
this is the same book as i lost last week.
注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同
she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.
她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。
the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )
定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
All that can be done has been done.
There is little that I can do for you.
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting?
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there?
6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
初中英语学习方法总结
一、日常学习法
1.制定长远目标,明确每节课的学习任务
根据不同学习阶段及自身能力确立一个“跳一跳才能够得着”的长远目标。有了目标就有了学习动力,有了责任感、紧迫感及努力方向。另外还要学会根据不同课型确定每节课的认知小目标,这样一开始上课,就会受到目标的激励,使大脑处于兴奋状态,才能定向注意,专心致志地去主动学习,提高学习效率。
2.争取课内外各种机会多练习英语
语言不是教会的,而是在使用中学会的。交际能力只能在交际中得到最有效的培养。一个优秀的语言学习者应具有强烈的语言交际的欲望,应力争语言训练的各种机会。应不怕因犯语言错误而被别人讥笑。
3.课前预习,有备而听
预习是个人独立的阅读和思考。它可以培养学习者快速阅读抓主旨大意、抓主要信息、依据上下文猜测词义的能力,也可以培养分析综合及归纳概括、自己发现问题及解决问题等能力。预习也像“火力侦察”,可发现疑难引起思考,一方面可促使学习者自己查阅有关资料,查阅字典,另一方面可减少听课的盲目性,增强听课效果。
4.专心上课,有心识记
上课是学生学习的主渠道,而学好英语的关键是尽一切努力将所学的东西记住,需要时能运用自如。因此,上课时应高度集中注意力.尽量做到五到,即心到、眼到、耳到、口到、手到。应培养瞬间记忆能力,强化“有意注意”,争取就在课内有目标、有意识地去识记该课的生词、短语、句型、重点句子。当接触到该记忆的内容时,应通过眼看、耳听、口念,将其迅速输入到记忆中枢,然后再复现出它的形象。在复现时快速用手指在桌上划出这个单词,或一个长句中最难记的或最重要的单饲,强迫自己在课内就能记住这节课最重要的东西。这样,使自己真正有着“这节课确实学到不少东西”的踏实感、成功感,进而激发动机,提高兴越,更有信心地去继续今后的学习。
5.勤记笔记,巩固记忆
课内扼要记笔记可以帮助集中注意力,理顺思路,增进记忆,锻炼分析归纳、综合概括以及快速反应能力。俗话说“好记性不如烂笔头”。笔记也为日后复习提供一个复习记忆纲要。要学好英语离不开泛读。进行课外阅读时也应扼要记些笔记,做些索引、摘录等,这对加深理解、巩固、积累知识,培养学习能力大有好处。
6.及时、经常、科学地复习,减少遗忘
复习是学习之母。要解决困扰学习者最大的知识遗忘问题,只有靠科学的复习。“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”揭示遗忘规律是先快后慢,先多后少。因而从时间安排上讲,复习既要及时又要经常。不仅在当天,而且在第二天、一周后、一月后以及就在你需要用它之前或者在考试前都应安排复习。从复习方法上讲.可采用强化复习(过渡/超额复习)、分散复习、集中复习,把新旧知识有机联系起来,按知识内在规律进行综合归类等复习方法,做到温故而知新,而不是简单机械复现,从而更牢固地掌握知识。
篇11:by介词用法总结
一、by+地点名词。表方位,意为:“在…旁边”。
例句:
Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
二、by+时间名词。意为:“到…时(已发生某事),此时谓语多用完成时;最晚、不迟于…,在…之前”。
例句:
I shall be back by 5 o’clock.
我最迟五点回来。
三、by+v.-ing结构。意为“通过……,以……的`方式”。
例句:
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
身体是靠锻炼强壮的,同样,大脑是靠学习开发的。
四、by+人称代词宾格,意为“经过”。
例句:
He walked by me without saying a word.
他走过我的身旁,没有说话。
五、by+人,意为“被;由”。
例句:
The movie is loved by people all over Asia.
那个电影被全亚洲人喜爱。
六、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径,意为:“通过(某物、某地),取道…”。
例句:
The man entered the room by the back door.
那人通过后门进入了房间。
七、by的常用短语
Study by heart 用心学
little by little 渐渐地
one by one 逐一
by chance 碰巧,偶然
by the river 在河边
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生的
by oneself 亲自
篇12:介词的用法总结
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语,定语或介词宾语。同时介词的'用法也很灵活,同一个介词可以表达多种意义,介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。
介词一般用于名词或者代词前面,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(如果是人称代词,则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。
篇13:介词of的用法总结
1、与 age, shape, size, colour, height, design, weight 等名词连用,可用作表语或定语;其中的介词 of 有时可省略。如:
The two boys are (of) the same height. 这两个男孩一样高。
Here is a piece of wood (of) the right size. 这有一块木头,其大小刚好适合。
When I was (of) your age, I lived in the country. 我像你这个年纪的时候,我住在乡下。
2、与某些名词(如help, value, interest, importance等)连用,相当于形容词,可用作定语或表语。如:
It’s not of much value. 这没有多大价值。
This subject is of great interest to me. 这门学科对我来说是很有趣的。
The dictionary is of much help to the students. 这本字典对学生帮助很大。
3、与 hear, talk, know, speak 等动词连用,表示一种间接性,大意为“涉及到”。如:
I’ve never heard of anyone doing a thing like that. 我从未听说有人做过那种事。
Mary is talking of looking for another job. 玛丽说起要另找一份工作。
I don’t know the writer, but I know of him. 我不认识这个作家,但我听说过他。
People spoke of their fear as the flood waters rose. 人们说起看到洪水上涨时的'恐惧。
4、与表示动作的名词或动名词连用,表示动宾关系。如:
The writing of the letter took me three hours. 写这封信花了我3个小时。
Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 失去财富比失去健康更糟。
5、表示比较范围,意为“在……当中”。如:
Of all the choices, this is the best. 在所有选择中,这种最好。
Of the two coats, the black one is the better. 在这两件外套中,这件黑色的更好些。
6、与 careless, clever, cruel, foolish, friendly, generous, good, impolite, kind, nice, polite, right, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, wise, wrong等表示人的品行和特点的形容词连用,用于 It’s+adj.+of sb (to do sth) 句型。如:
It was kind of him to wait. 多蒙他好心等候。
It was silly of you to believe him. 你相信他是愚蠢的。
It was foolish of me to forget. 我真蠢,竟然忘记了。
It’s unfair of him to criticize me. 他批评我是不公平的。
It was generous of him to pay us. 他付了我们钱,真慷慨。
It was selfish of him not to contribute anything. 他很自私什么也不捐。
It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi. 你把照相机留在计程车里实在太不小心了。
篇14:介词for的用法总结
I am sorry for it.
对不起。
Thank you for coming to see me.
谢谢你来看我。
You can’t see the wood for the trees.
你只见树木,不见森林。
That’s for you.
这是给你的。
Here is a letter for you.
这是你的信。
Have you room for me there?
你那边能给我腾出点地方吗?
篇15:介词behind用法总结
behind用于表示空间位置可以有三种情况:①所在位置;②目的.地;③通过,即移动到某处,然后又离开。
behind作“留于身后”“走后留下”解时常与leave,stay,remain等动词连用;作“当某人已通过…之后”解时常与bolt,cling,close,shut,slam等动词连用。
behind用作副词
1、behind表示位置时可作“在后面;向后面”“留在原处”“遗留在后”解;表示时间时可作“晚了;迟于”“过期;拖欠”解。behind还可引申表示进度等“落后”。
2、behind在句中可用作状语、表语,也可用作介词from的宾语,意为“从后面”。
篇16:by的用法总结介词
1、by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。
2、by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。
3、by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。
4、by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
5、by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。
6、by用于被动结构时,既可以引出施动者,也可用来表示做某事的`手段。
7、用作副词,表示经过,靠近,在旁边。
She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.
她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
Come by for a drink after work.
下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
★ 初中英语作文语法
★ 初中英语作文指导
★ 初中英语作文复习
★ 初中英语语法总结
【初中介词英语用法总结(共16篇)】相关文章:
英语介词用法口诀2022-08-29
初中英语语法教学的方法和技巧探讨论文2023-06-22
初中英语时态总结2023-04-14
英语中名词性表语从句介绍2024-03-05
初中英语作文常用语2022-12-09
高三英语个人教学计划表2023-10-29
初三上册英语作文2023-03-22
such用法总结初中2022-12-16
定语从句教案2022-06-15
expect的用法总结初中2022-04-30