高中三年级英语学案Units 15-16 (B3) (中学英语教学论文)（通用11篇）由网友“凤梨罐头”投稿提供，以下文章小编为您整理的高中三年级英语学案Units 15-16 (B3) (中学英语教学论文)，供大家阅读。
篇1：高中三年级英语学案Units 15-16 (B3) (中学英语教学论文)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．acknowledge vt.承认；告知已收到，为……表示感谢
He refused to acknowledge defeat/that he was defeated.
He acknowledged having made a mistake.
We must not fail to acknowleage his services to the town.
have a good knowledge of对……非常了解
have no knowledge of对……不熟悉
bring sth. to the knowledge of sb.让某人知道……
to one’s knowledge据某人所知
without the knowledge of在……不知道的情况下
2．starve vi.挨饿；饿死starvation n.饥饿；饿死
The proud man said he would starve rather than beg for food.
She is starving for attention.
I have been starving to see her.
starve for sth./to do渴望；急需要
starve to death饿死
3．fit in (with)与……相适应；与……相协调
The doctor managed to fit me in this morning.
I will happily change my plans to fit in with yours.
4．possess vt.拥有；具有
Who takes possessions of the possessions?
The possessions are in the possession of Mary.
possess nothing一无所有；possessor=owner拥有者；take possession of占有；拥有；in possesson of拥有；占有；in the possession of被占有
5．hold back
（1）退缩，踌躇
When danger came, no one held back.
（2）The police held back the crowd.
（3）阻碍
His poor education is holding him back.
（4）保留（实情，隐瞒）
He held back the fact that he was seriously ill.
hold on(打电话时)等着，别挂断；继续，持续下去
hold on to抓住，不放弃；拥有
hold out提出，伸出，维持
6．nevertheless adv. & conj.虽然如此；然而
He was tired; nevertheless/however, he kept writing.
I can’t go. Nevertheless, I appreciate the invitation.
He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless.
二、词义辨析
persuade, convince与advise
（1）persuade和convince意思均为说服，前者着重情感上的“敦促，劝告”，后者着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”，两者结构相同。
persuade/convince sb. that…; persuade/convince sb. of sth.
①He persuaded me that it was not worth buying.他说服我，那东西不值得买。
（2）persuade还可表示说明某人做（或不做）某事，其结构为：
persuade sb.(not) to do sth.; persuade sb. into/out of doing sth.
②He persuaded me to do that.=He persuade me into doing that.他说服我去做那件事。
（3）persuade和convince都表示结果，即说服了，若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作，常用try to persuade(或convince)，也可用advise表示。
③I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he didn’t listen.
我说服他早点动身，可他不听。
三、重点句型
1．What do you think teenagers in China have in common with those in other countries?
你认为中国的青年和外国的青少年有些什么共同之处？
do you think 为插入成份,常插在特殊疑问句中,构成复杂的特殊疑问句,其构成形式为:疑问代词或疑问副词+插入成份+陈述部分you也可以换成其他代词。Think也可以换成其他表达想法或看法的动词：believe, consider, suppose., imagine, guess等。
When and where do you think we will have a picnic?
你认为我们将在何时何地野餐？
How do you suppose he passed the exam?
你猜他是如何通过考试的？
2．Would you like to make a difference by becoming a volunteer?
你愿意成为一位志愿者，从而使生活有所变化吗？
would like/love to do sth.意为“愿意/想要做……”，to为不定式，后接动词原形。
指点迷津：would like/love to have done sth. 指过去本想做某事而实际上未做。
3．Since Lu Hao began his twice weekly visits, Mr. Zhao’s health has improved.
自从鲁浩开始每周两次拜访他以来，赵老师的健康状况已大有好转。
since 意为“自从……以来”，可作为连词、介词、副词，表示事情持续的起点。
指点迷津：以过去的时间为起点，持续到现在，多用现在完成时；从过去更早的时间持续到过去，多用过去完成时；从过去持续到将来，多和将来完成时连用。
It is/ has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时，可译为：自从……以来已经多长时间了。从句中动作多用非延续性动词。
4．Every time he plays football he is watched by thousands of adoring Becks fans all over the world.
每次他踢足球时，全世界的热爱贝克汉姆的球迷们都注视着他。
every time每一次，在此用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A．which; where B．at which; which C．at which; where D．which; in which
[解析] C 第一空是定语从句,第二句是表语从句。
[考例2] Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ______ in the clothing industry.
A．is working B．works C． work D．worked
[解析] C 主语的中心词是women,主谓一致,谓语动词用复数,时态是一般现在时。
[考例3] ---- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
---- Well . He _______ have gone far ----his coat’s still here.
A．shouldn’t B．Mustn’t C．can’ t D．wouldn’t
[解析] C 对于过去的猜测“不可能走了”,因为他的外套还在这儿。
[考例4] The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
[解析] B refer to参照讲稿。 bring up“把……带大”; look for“寻找”; try on“实验”。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Many social services are still provided by v____ __ societies.
2．What’s your ____ __(年) salary?
3．They employ ___ ___(临时的) labour to pick the fruit.
4．The city council ____ __（赞成） the building plans.
5．She was ____ __（具有） of a wonderful calm temperament.
6．He is so lazy that it’s difficult to a___ ___ his ability.
7．The high cost is a major ___ ___（障碍）.
8．In a__ ___ to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
9．Have you gained a teaching ___ ___（资格）.
10．It is important to be ___ ___（准时）for your classes.
二、单项选择
1．______ , the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true.
A．Being disabled as they B．As they are disabled
C．Disabled as they are D． Disabled so they are
2． So biologists were ______ early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to______ a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds.
A．delighting; keep track of B．delighted; keep in touch with
C．delighting; keep an eye out D．delighted; keep track of
3．Criticism from coaches, and other teammates, as well as ______ to win can create an excessive(过度的) amount of anxiety for young athletes.
A．pressure B．reputation C．standard D．permission
4．What you said was true. It was, ______， a little unkind.
A． therefore B．nevertheless C．anyway D．thus
5．Unless the worker’s demands are ______ , soon there will be a strike.
A．paid B． met C． permitted D． replied
6．Have you ever read the book “ The Wolf Totem” by Jiang Rong, ______ tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings ?
A．whom B．that C．which D．as
7．Created in 1420 as an Imperial Palace, the Forbidden City ______ in the center of Beijing for 600 years.
A．has stood B．stands C．to stand D．stood
8．______Asia, European countries have started to worry about bird flu, as birds infected with the deadly flu has been found in Romania, Turkey and Russia.
A．Excep t B．Apart C． In addition to D．Beside
9．Living across two centries, Ba Jin experienced many periods of danger and suffering but never lost his beliefs ______ a person should tell the truth and be an honest man.
A．what B．that C．when D．不填
10．The Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, ______ on October 16, connects Tibet with the rest of China.
A．completes B．completed C．completing D．completes
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People can be addicted to different things -- e. g. alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive: they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don?t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real one.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy (疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
1．According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is ______.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
2．According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices ______.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less money than others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
3．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money spending habits.
参考答案
高三部分
Units 15~16 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．voluntary 2．annual 3．casual 4．approved 5．posessed 6．assess
7．drawback 8．addition 9．qualification 10．punctual
二、1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．C 文章第一段第七行 Their pleasure in spending large amounts is… 可知。
2．A 文章第一段倒数第四行compulsive bargain hunters…可知。
3．D
篇2：高中三年级英语学案Units 5-6 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．advertise vt. & vi.登广告，做广告
I advertised my car for sale.
advertise on TV/in a newspaper for sb./sth.
advertise a meeting, a concert, a job
2．charge n. vt.主管；充气（电）；负责；要价；控告
How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取贿赂。
in charge of负责；in (under) the charge of a person由某人负责;take charge of接管……，担任……；free of charge免费地（的）
3．blame vt. n.责备，谴责，归咎于；责怪，责任
blame sb. for sth./blame sth. on sb.责备某人某事
be to blame for sth.(对某坏事等)负责任。
They blamed him for the accident.
=They blamed the accident on him.
=He was to blame for the accident.
take the blame for…承担……的责任
4．accuse vt.控告；谴责
The police accused him (of theft).
He was accused of murder.
She accused him of being late.
6．get across传播；为人理解
It took me an hour to get my invention across to her.
The message got across at last.
7． attach vt.系；贴；附加；认为有（重要性等）
attach sth. to sth.把某东西系到某东西上
attach yourself to sb./sth.加入；使隶属于
be attach to sb./sth.依恋；留恋
8． make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通
This sentence doesn?t make sense.
It makes sense to take care of your health.
Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
common sense常识；in a (some) sense在某种意义上
There is no sense in doing sth.(做某事)没道理
9． keep up维持，保持
I hope the weather will keep up.
The noise kept up for all night.
The good news keep our spirit up.
How do you keep this large house?
keep an eye out for sb./sth.留心或注意某人/物
keep a close watch on密切注意
keep away from避开，离开；keep back防止，隐瞒
keep on继续；keep off…离开，使不接近
keep out (of)不进去，置身于……外，从……离开
keep up with跟上，不落后；keep in touch with保持联系
10． beyond ①prep.在……的那边，远于；超过
I can’t see anything beyond the river because of fog.
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock at night.
②adv.在更远处；再往后
From the top of the hill you can see a lake beyond.
二、词义辨析
1．each与every
each强调“个体”,every强调“整体”，every只有一个词性，形容词，且every不接of短语，every只作定语，而each作定语，主语，宾语，同位语。如：
Each/Every pupil was given a pencil.每个学生发一枝铅笔。
Each of us has a Chinese-English dictionary.
我们每人都有一本汉英词典。
2．spend, cost, pay, charge与offer
这几个词都表示“花费（金钱）”，但用法不一样。
（1）cost是以“物，事”为主语，常用于sth. cost (sb.) some money结构。
The cost cost her 20 yuan.这件外衣花了她20元。
注意：cost无被动语态。
（2）pay用于付款给别人，付一个帐单或者付几笔款项等，它是及物动词，宾语可以是“人”或“钱”的名词或代词。
Yesterday he paid the money he owed.他昨天还清了欠账。
（3）charge指收取别人多少钱，主语为人或旅馆等。
The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for the night.
那家旅馆一间房一晚向我收费10英镑。
（4）offer出价，开价；提供，出售，“人”作主语。
We offered him the house for ￡1000.我们要价1000英镑卖给她那幢房子。
比较：We offered him ￡1000 for the house.我们出价1000英镑买他那幢房子。
3．set off, set out与set about
（1）set off有“启程；出发”的意思，还可作“引起；使爆炸”解（例略）
（2）set out的意思是“开始；着手”后常接动词不定式。
如：
He set out to paint the whole house.他开始着手粉刷房子内外。
（3）set about的意思也是“开始；着手”但常接动名词作宾语。
如：
She set about doing some cleaning after breakfast.她用过早餐后立即着手打扫卫生。
三、重点句型
1．You think the newspaper is to blame for this because…
你认为因为这件事报社应受责备……
注意to blame =should be blamed 应受责备。如：
Who is to blame for breaking the window?
谁应为打破窗子而受责？
2．It has been proven again and that frequent advertising increases product sales.
事实已经一次次地证明经常做广告增加了产品的销售量。
It is (has been) proven 已被证明（后接that句）
It has been proven that more than people died in the war
已经被证实多于2000人死亡于这场战争。
类似表达有：It is / was hoped / said / announced / reported that……
人们希望/据说/已宣布/已报导……
It is said that the girl had been badly treated while
shopping yesterday=The girl is said to have been badly……
It is hoped that we’ll have a brighter future.
It was announced that Russia sent up another man-made satellite.
3. Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.
并非所有的广告都被用来推动产品的销量，或增加公司的利润。
Not all=all not 并非所有的（部分否定），此句也可写为：
All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits. all的全部否定为none或nothing
No one.类似的还有both, each, not both（each）=both（each）
Not均为部分否定，both全部否定为neither, each全部否定为none, no one, nothing。如：
Not all the students smoke=All the students don’t smoke
并非所有的学生都吸烟。
None of us like that song我们一个也不喜欢那首歌。
四、语法复习
1．宾语补足语
（一）宾语补足语的定义
英语中有些及物动词，除了一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make(使)，consider(认为)，cause(引起)，see（看见），find(发现)，call(称为，叫做)，get(让，使得)，have(让，使得)，let(让)等。
如：
Electricity can make a machine run。电能使机器运转。
We consider(或think) the answer (to be) correct.我们认为这个答案是对的。
What he said made me very angry.他的话使我很生气。
（二）宾语补足语的表现形式
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+直接宾语（名词或代词）+宾语补足语。
宾语补足语在句中的9种表示法：
（1）用名词（包括名词性物主代词）表示
His father named him Tom.他父亲给他取名汤姆。
We consider Mr Zhang an excellent teacher.我们认为张先生是位优秀的老师。
（2）用形容词及其短语表示
They painted their boat white.他们把船漆成了白色。
We believed the report untrue.我们确认这个报告不真实。
I saw him young and strong, and now he is old and worn.
我看到他的时候，他年轻强壮，现在他已年老体弱。
（3）用不定式及其短语表示
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.他不应该强迫他借钱给你。
Nobody noticed him enter the room.没有人注意到他进了屋子。
注：see, have, let, make, watch, notice, hear, observe等动词后的宾语补足语用不定式表示时，不可加to。help后的不定式可带也可不带to。
（4）用现在分词及其短语表示
We saw her entering the room.我们看见她正走进那个房间。
I heard her singing an English song.我听见她在唱英语歌曲。
（5）用过去分词及其短语表示
They found Guilin greatly changed.他们发现桂林变化很大。
At that time we were there and saw it done.那时我们在那儿，并看见这事被做完。
注：过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和它的关系是被动关系。
（6）用as引出宾语补足语
We take English as a useful tool for research work.
我们把英语当作研究工作的一种有用的工具。
I look upon him as my teacher.我把他看成我的老师。
（7）用介词短语表示
We found everything in the laboratory in good order.
我们发觉实验室内每件东西都放得井井有条。
Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
不论什么时候去，你都可以看见他在工作。
（8）用副词表示
Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。
I saw him out with his father.我看见他和他父亲外出了。
（9）用从句表示
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
我们不久就要把我们的城市发展成你们城市目前的那个样子。
The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.
这种植物有自己的名称。你不能随便称呼它什么。
注：能在复合宾语中先用形式宾语it，然后再用真正宾语的动词并不多，常见的有think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take等。
They thought it right to do this test.
他们原以为做这项试验是对的。（后面不定式为真正宾语）
We all think it our duty that we should support him.
我们都认为支持他是我们的职责。（后面从句是真正宾语）
We find it necessary to master a foreign language.
我们认为掌握一门外语是有必要的。（后面不定式短语为真正宾语）
2．定语
（一）定语的定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
（二）定语的表现形式
定语一般可由形容词、分词（短语）、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和从句等充当。
（1）形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before our eyes.光照的未来展现在我们眼前。
（2）分词（短语）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。
Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？
This is the bridge built last year.这是去年建的那座桥。
（3）名词
There are thirty women teachers in our school.我们学校有30名女教师。
They are going to put up a wall newspaper next week.他们打算下周出墙报。
（4）代词
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。
Do you know the student whose English pronunciation is the best in your class?
你知道你们班上英语发音最好的那个学生吗？
（5）数词
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
The teacher asked the students to copy the third paragraph of the text.
老师让学生抄写课文的第3段。
（6）名词所有格
You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
（7）不定式
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个走进教室。
I can’t go with you. I still have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你去。我仍有许多工作要做。
（8）动名词
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
下学期的教学计划已制定好。
You mustn’t take the magazine out of the reading room.
你不要把杂志带出阅览室。
（9）介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red?穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁？
（10）副词（多位于被修饰词之后）
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
（11）从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
注：如果作定语的是形容词、代词、名词等，通常位于所修饰的词之前，但如果作定语的是介词短语或动词不定式，则位于所修饰词之后。
如：
Her father is a famous doctor.她父亲是个著名的医生。（代词、形容词作定语）
I’ve got an important meeting to attend.我有一个重要会议要参加。（形容词、动词不定式作定语）
People in the park were enjoying the warm sunshine.公园的人正享受着暖和的阳光。（介词短语、形容词作定语）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A．questioning B．having questioned
C．questioned D． to be questioned
[解析] C 本题考查分词用法。when+分词（doing/done）作状语，question vt.“对……提出疑问”，相当于when I was questioned。
[考例2] If you can’t come tomorrow，we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week.
A．yet B．even C．rather D．just
[解析] D yet作“还”讲常置于句末，even“甚至”，rather“相当”，语义不符语境。just(口语)用以加强语气，“甚至”之意，故选D。
[考例3] ----How long are you staying?
----I don’t know. _______ .
A．That’s OK B．Never mind C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter
[解析] C 本题考查交际用语与惯用法。It (just) depends是口语，意思是说“看看再说，视情况而定”合乎题意。其他几个不符语境。
[考例4] It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______it.
A． got over B．got on with C．got around D．got out of
[解析] A 本题考查动词短语用法辨析。A项意为“从（病、损失等）中恢复过来”。B项是“与……相处”或“某事进展如何”。C项为“（在某处）走一走，看一看”。D项为“逃避，追逐放弃”。根据句意，应选A项。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．We were ready to the the b___ ___ for what had happened.
2．I was ____ __（烦） with him because he kept interrupting.
3．The scientist decided he didn’t want to be a__ ____ with the project, and left.
4．We sold our house at a __ ____ （利润）.
5．How did he ___ ___（反应） to your suggestion?
6．She bore the b____ __ of caring for her sick mother.
7．Will this medicine give immediate r____ _ from pain?
8．The child can’t use chopsticks p____ __.
9．She was d____ __ of a health bady.
10．They celebrated their 10th wedding ___ ___ （纪念）.
二、单项选择
1．He has a good thermometer which ______ changes in temperature very quickly.
A． reacts against B． reacts with C．reacts to D．reacts on
2．It is rather difficult to guess what her ______ would be when we tell her the news.
A． method B． reaction C．impression D．comment
3．Police have ______ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them with their inquiries.
A．urged B．claimed C．appealed D．called
4．Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s______ the visiting hours.
A．during B．at C．beyond D． before [06 福建卷]
5．Our teacher is clever, but not very good at ______ his ideas to us.
A．getting across B． getting over C．getting on D．getting into
6．His invalid father is becoming a ______ to him.
A．freight B． cargo C．burden D．load
7．If you think you can do the work, you should ______ for the job.
A．apply B． claim C． request D．appeal
8． After I stood in the room for one minute, my eyes slowly grew ______ to the gloom(黑暗).
A． accustom B． accustomed C．familiar D．custom
9．The medicine the doctor gave me ______ my headache.
A．freed B． refreshed C．released D．relieved
10． I hear you’re going to ______ that job in the accounts department.
A． go for B．go over C．go along with D． go through
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever we’ve become used to suddenly disappears. 1 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 2 to see-or look at-on my way to work each morning.
For three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8∶00 am. On 4 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 7 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 8 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 9 her.
“Did she have an accident? Something 10 ?” I thought to myself about her 11 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 12 her. I began to realize that part of our 13 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 14 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are 16 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.
Think about it. 18 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 20 , person?
1． A. Make B． Take C． Give D． Have
2． A. happened B． wanted C． used D． tried
3． A. what B． how C． which D． when
4． A. sunny B． rainy C．cloudy D．snowy
5． A．took B．brought C． carried D． turned
6． A． Clearly B． Particularly C．Luckily D．Especially
7． A． believed B．expressed C． remembered D． wondered
8． A． long B． often C． soon D．much
9． A．respected B．missed C． praised D． admired
10．A．better B． worse C． more D．less
11．A． disappearance B． appearance C． misfortune D．fortune
12．A．forgotten B． lost C．known D． hurt
13．A． happy B． enjoyable C． frequent D． daily
14．A． friends B． strangers C． tourists D． guests
15． A．regularly B． actually C． hardly D． probably
16． A． common B． pleasant C． important D． faithful
17． A． choice B． knowledge C． decision D． sense
18． A． Because B． If C． Although D．However
19． A． keeping B． changing C． passing D． mentioning
20． A． unnamed B．unforgettable C． unbelievable D． unreal
参考答案
高三部分
Units 5~6 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．blame 2．annoyed 3．associated 4．profit 5．react 6．burden 7．relief
8．properly 9．delivered 10． anniversary
二、1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDBB 11-15 ACDBA 16-20 CDBCA
1．B
2．C 前句说了人常犯的毛病：对习惯了的东西视而不见，本句便拿一个过去上班途中常看到的妇女作例子。Take…for example(拿……作例子)是固定用法，故2空选B，提到的妇女是作者过去常见的，现在看不到了。篇章第一句及下文均有线索，用used to。
3．A what是代词，作like的宾语。我们常用“What?s the weather like?”来询问天气。
4．D 本句后半部分说她穿着厚重的衣服，戴着毛线手套，天气一定很冷，所以要填snowy／cold／winter才合理，晴朗、下雨及多云都不必如此穿着。
5．B 本句属拟人用法。这位女士夏天会穿着棉布连衣裙，戴上(遮阳)帽子及太阳镜，就像夏天把这一切带到外面似的，故填brought。
6．A 上文得知，这位女士穿着整洁、守时、坐公共汽车，她应该是一个普通的工作女性，这一点是很清楚的，显而易见的。
7．C 紧扣首句和下文。再也见不到这位女士了，才记起了这一切。天天见到她的时候，却不曾真的留意。
8．D much作状语，表程度，是I expected very much to see her…改成的感叹结构，作realize的宾语。其余选项都表时间和频率，均不妥。
9．B 上句作者说非常盼着见到那位女士，那么也就是想念她了。
10．B
11．A 作者以前天天见到那位女士，却从不真正留意。现在她再也没有出现，作者便对此(她的消失)产生猜测，而这些猜测都应是足以让那位女士不再出现的(坏)事。故25空填worse，26空填disappearance。
12．C now that表一种原因及一件事的后果。全句意为：她不见了(结果)我倒感觉着我认识她了(天天见她时却很陌生)。
13．D 14．B
15．A 本句较长，空也多，难度就增加了，那位女士对于作者来说是一个“熟悉的陌生人”。所谓熟悉是因为常见，所谓陌生，是因为彼此不了解，从未交谈过。这样的人在生活中不少，所以由于这位女士的突然不见，作者怅然若失，才开始意识到日常生活包括了这样一些“熟悉的陌生人”，然后举了一些例子，这些例子都是日常生活中常见的人，所以13填daily，14填stranger，15填regularly。
16．C
17．D 上文提到的那些“熟悉的陌生人”增加了我们对某些地方及环境的感觉分量，故17空填D。既然这些人起到这样的作用，那么他们也就重要了，所以16空填important。
18．B 19．C
20．A 结合上文，通读最后一段，可知作者设问：走路上班时，我们会借助建筑物来标识(判断)我们走到哪里了，为什么我们不借助那些常见的人来判断一下我们走到哪里了呢?19空填passing也合理，经过某个建筑，我们就知道走到什么地方了。18空填if表条件，结合全句可知
篇3：高中三年级英语学案Units 1-2 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．conclude vt. vi.得出结论，断定；结束；达成
What do you conclude from the facts?
We concluded an agreement with the enemy and soon made peace.
conclusion n.结论；结束；结尾；鉴定
come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
2．set down记下，写下
He tried to set his ideas down.
At the beginning of his letter Dan set down the date.
含set的短语：
set about着手做某事，set an example树立榜样，set aside放在一边搁置，set free释放，set off动身，出发，set out动身，出发，开始做……，set up竖起来，建立，set sail to/from/for…起航
3．fade vi.凋谢，褪色；（声音）变弱，vt.使褪色
Will the color in this material fade?
Sunlight faded my curtains.
The custom is fading.
4．inspect vt.检查，视察，察看 inspection n.
The detective inspected the room for fingerprints.
All food shops should be inspected regularly.
carry out frequent inspections进行经常性检查
inspector检查员，巡视员，视察员，督学
5．confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.
The government confirmed me in my possession of the land.
Can you confirm that you?ll be able to attend?
6．burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声
burst vi.爆裂，突然发作，n.爆裂（炸），裂口
My shopping bag burst as I was leaving the supermarket.
On hearing the news， she burst into tears.
相关表达：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑
burst into song/bloom/view/sight突然唱起歌来/开花/景观（奇观）突然出现
7．familiar adj.熟悉的；精通的；亲密的
sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物/人为某人所熟悉
sb. be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某物/与某人亲密
8．center on将某人（物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料；call on访问，号召；depend on取决于……，依……而定；feed on以……为食；fix one?s eyes on盯住……；go on继续；keep on坚持……；live on靠……生活；look on (sb as)看待（作）……
9．bring up教育，养育；提出，引出；呕吐
bring up the question提出问题
He was brought up by his uncle.
She brought up all the food she had eaten.
归纳：bring in获利，赚，引进；bring about带来，引起；bring down使……降低
二、词义辨析
1．place, station, situation, position, post与site
（1）place位置；是意思极广的惯熟用语。
（2）station位置；指事物被放置的场所。
（3）situation［英］位置；大体与position同义，指事物被放置的状态，转义而表示境遇、地位等，特指书记、教师、家仆等雇员的地位或位置。
如：
The hotel stands in a good situation.这旅馆位于一个很好的位置。
（4）position［美］位置；stuation指物的位置与其他物的关系，position指物自己的位置，不含比较。
如：
the position of a city on a map城市在地图上的位置
（5）post位置，职位；指负有一定职务的地位
（6）site位置；指建筑物、都会等的位置
2．such as, for example与namely
such as用于列举，往往不能事物全部列出。可以以“名词+such as+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现。
fox example用于举例说明，可以用于句首、句中、名末，往往用逗号隔开for example和被列举的事物。
namely用于列举，名词前使用具体数字说明，并把事物一一列出。
Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well瞜nown to all.
像鲁迅、巴金这样的作家是众所周知的。
I have never seen such a bright student as she/her.
我从未见过像她这样聪明的学生。
He is fluent in several foreign languages, for example, French and Spanish.
他精通几种外语，如：汉语、西班牙语。
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
惟独一人能够做这事，那就是你。
三、重点句型
1．Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
虽然这项记录令人难忘,但阿姆斯特朗与疾病抗争的故事比它更令人瞩目。
Impressive as the record is 是个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，相当于though引导的正常语序的状语从句。
如：
Tired as he was, he sat up late.（= Though he was tired, he sat up late.）
他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但他知道的事情很多。
2．He took possession of it in the name of the British Crown.
他以英国女王的名义占领了它。
（1）take/get/gain possession of 拿到，占有；占领
They took possession of the castle quickly
他们迅速占领了城堡
Possession n.拥有，占有；所有物，财产，领土
be in possession of拥有； be in the possession of (某物)为（某人）所有
（2）in the name of 以……的名义类似表达有：
under the name of 以……的名字，by name 名叫……, by the name of 名叫……的；以……之名，
如：
I only know her by name .我知道她的名字。
He goes by the name of Jack. 大家都叫他杰克。
She attended the lecture under the name of her sister.
她以她姐姐的名字参加了演讲。
3．…as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
…作为英国登山队的队员，是首次成功登上珠峰的人。
（1）不定式to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma作后置定语，修饰the first, 又如the last to leave。通常不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此不定式应用及物动词的主动形式，不及物动词要搭配相应介词。
如：
She refused to go to the ball because she had no jewellery to wear
她没有任何首饰可佩戴，因此拒绝参加舞会。
They had only a little room to live in
他们住在一间小屋子里。
（2）make it(口语)做成，成功；达到目的，设法安排。
-Can you catch the train ?
-I hope I can make it.
四、语法复习
1．主语
（一）主语的定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装结构中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
（二）主语的表现形式
主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
（1）名词
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。
Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.张教授是著名的科学家。
（2）代词
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
Who is the man standing over there?站在那里的那个人是谁？
（3）数词
One third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
Two times five is ten.2乘5等于10。
（4）不定式
To swim in the Lijang River is a great pleasure.在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
（5）动名词
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟对健康有害。
Playing football in the street is dangerous.在街上踢足球是危险的。
（6）名词化的形容词
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
In new China the old are living a happy life.在新中国，老年人正过着幸福的生活。
（7）从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们还没有决定什么时候举行英语测验。
Whether he?ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
（8）it作形式主语
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是有必要的。
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
It is a pity that he cannot swim.他不会游泳真遗憾。
2．谓语
（一）谓语的定义
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（二）谓语的构成
1．简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practises running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.昨天下午他到了桂林。
She takes good care of her sick mother.她仔细照料她那生病的母亲。
He has got rid of his bad habit.他已经改掉了他的坏习惯。
2．复合谓语
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading瞨oom.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒。他必须去看医生。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.她似乎不喜欢跳舞。
We are going to call on him tonight.我们打算今晚去拜访他。
（2）由系动词加表语构成
We are students.我们是学生。
He looked a bit excited.他看上去有点激动。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It’s ten years since the scientist ______ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A．made for B．set out C．took off D．turned up
[解析] B考查短语动词的辨析。set out on sth着手做某事，take off脱下（衣物），从……取下……，（飞机）起飞等，turn up出席，露面，make for为“可造成，可成为，有好处”的意思，本单元有make for。
[考例2] He accidentally ______ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A．let out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
[解析] A 考查动词词组。let out泄露，take care当心,make sure保证，make out认出，理解。
[考例3] _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
[解析] A 本题考查介词知识。选项中只有with可以跟复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，此句中two exams为宾语，不定式to worry about为宾语补足语。
[考例4] In ______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A．traditional B．historic C．remote D．initial
[解析] A traditional传统的，historic历史的，历史意义的，remote遥远的，长久的，initial原始的，最初的，只有A项满足句意。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Hold ______ (紧), the plane is to drive.
2．The storekeeper h ______ ten girls for the Christmas rush.
3．My salary is paid into my bank ______(帐户).
4．We are f______ by that film.
5．With your ______ (同意) we will take the first train.
6．He analysed the ______ (各种各样的) factors.
7．His information was ______(准确).
8．He gave me an apple in e______ for a cake.
9．I am p______ by his surprising attitude after hearing his words.
10． His ten years in America laid the ______(基础) of his career.
二、单项选择
1． I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into ______ when judging my examination.
A．regard B．account C．counting D．observation
2．The police _______ every object in the room for fingerprints.
A．insulted B． inspired C．inspected D．insulated
3．It is more difficult for a(n) ______ smoker to give up the habit than for a novice (新手，初学者) but it can be done.
A．abrupt B．confirmed C．beginning D．disciplined
4．He did not show any ______ for our new plans.
A．enthusiasm B．enthusiast C．enthusiastic D． enthusiastically
5．Mr Snow ______ $ 1000 for the horse, so I had to give up.
A． bid B．spend C．expended D．approached
6．He thought that ______ .
A． the effort doing the job was not worth
B．the effort was not worth in doing the job
C． it was not worth the effort doing the job
D． it was not worth the effort by doing the job
7．My money ______. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.
A．has run out B．is running out
C．has been run out D． is being run out
8．This regulation doesn’t ______ you, so don’t worry about it.
A．indicate B． appoint C．approve D． concern
9．It is impossible to say with any degree of ______ how many are affected.
A．reality B．accuracy C．exaction D．emergency
10．Many difficulties have ______ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A． risen B．arisen C． raised D．arrived
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien?s in Belleville 2 ll of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten Spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving Spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write, something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr Fledgc. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr Fledge returned the 15 papers. He said, “Now, class, I want to read you a composition, The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open瞙earted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
1． A．memory B．thought C．knowledge D．experience
2． A．when B．where C．since D．after
3． A． cooked B．served C．got D．made
4． A．their B．past C．last D．those
5． A．none B．one C．some D．neither
6． A．careful about B．good at C．fond of D．interested in
7． A．speeches B．lessons C．sayings D．arguments
8． A．nearly B．naturally C．officially D．socially
9． A．Especially B．Probably C．Suddenly D．Fortunately
10．A．settle B．put C．bite D．let
11．A．work B．story C．luck D．joy
12．A．However B．Therefore C．As for him D．Except for that
13．A．time B．excuse C．way D．idea
14．A．give up B．continue C． hand in D．delay
15．A．written B．graded C． collected D．signed
16． A．loud B．fast C． publicly D．calmly
17． A． People B． Nobody C． Somebody D．I
18． A．shock B．wonder C． worry D． pleasure
19． A．if B． for C．while D． although
20． A． excited B． satisfied C． think D． Laugh
参考答案
高三部分
Units 1-2 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．tight 2．hired 3．account 4．fascinated 5．permission 6．various
7．accurate 8．rxchange 9． puzzled 10．foundation
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 AABDA 6-10 BDDCB 11-15 DCACB 16-20 ACDBD
1． A“Spaghetti”这个词使他想起了以前吃面条的事，所以用memory。
2． A when引导定语从句，修饰前面的evening，意为“当时”。
3． B 那天晚上作者和其他一些亲属坐在桌边吃AuntPat所做的面条，此时的面条是端到餐桌上了，故用served。serve有“端上（饭菜）”之意。
4． D“在那个时候”或“在那些日子”用in those days。
5． A
6． B作者从未吃过意大利面条，而在座的成年人也都不擅长／没吃过，所以才有下文有关怎样吃意大利面条以及令人发笑的争论。
7． D上句提到没有吃意大利面条的经验，因而大家才会争论怎样吃，所以填arguments。
8． D吃东西的方式和举止要得体，要符合一定的社会文化，所以填socially。
9． C文章开头提到SPaghetti一词使作者想起过去的经历，填suddenly表思绪的突然过渡。
10．B
11．D“把……写下来／记下来”用“put sth．down”。写下这一经历自己欣赏和享用，故用“joy”。
12．C上文说自己要写吃意大利面条的经历，写下来自己留着享用，不给作文老师。作文是要交的，那么就写点别的给他吧。“As for him”可译为“至于他嘛”。
13．A写完那篇文章，到了半夜了(自己还要睡觉)，也就没有时间写准备上交的作文了。
14．C别无选择，只好“上交”(原本打算留给自己的)作品。“hand in”是“上交”的意思。上交了但作品还是自己的，故不算放弃。不选A。B和D离题较远。
15． B老师把作文收上去，过了两天发下来，那么这两天老师把作文批改，给分(或定个等级)，作文也就是“被给过等级”的作文了。
16． A老师极为欣赏作者的作文，所以把它朗读给全班，故选A。C项有干扰性，但“publicly”与“to the whole class”重复，不可选。
17．C因故事有趣，有人先笑了，接着全班都开怀大笑。
18．D自己的作文得到老师和同学们的欣赏，自然高兴，但不能显露自己的得意，所以填pleasure。
19．B虽尽量不显示自己的得意，但心中还是充满了快乐，因为自己的作品能使人开怀一笑。所以填for，是表原因的并列连词。
20．D从全文可知，使人发出笑声，而不是使人兴奋/满意/思考。排除其他选项。
篇4：高中三年级英语学案Units 13-14 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．astonish vt.使惊讶，使震惊
The news astonished everyone.
It astonished me that no one had thought of it before.
astonished adj.astonishing adj.astonishment n.
2．convince vt.使确信，说服
convince sb. that …使某人相信
convince sb. of sth.使某人明白某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人干某事
How can I convince you of her honesty?
What convinced you to vote for them?
3． assume vt.假定；设想；假装；承担
We can assume profits of around 5%.
assume a false name用假名字
assume control of sth.得到某物的控制权
4．cancel vt.取消，废除
cancel (sth.) out抵消；中和
She cancelled her trip to New York as she felt ill.
The losses of four overseas section cancel out the profits made by the company at home.
5．remark n.&vi.评论；评述
remark on/upon sb./sth.说/写/评论（关于某人/某事物）
A lot of people have remarked on the similarity between them.
make a rude remark说出无礼的话
6．commit vt.犯；（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事）
commit a crime/suicide犯罪/自杀
commit sb.(oneself) to sth/doing sth承诺某事/做某事
commit sb./sth. to sth.将某人（事）交给某处保留（处理）
7．tell…apart识别，辨别
Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? For they look so alike.
tell A from B把A与B区别开
tell the difference between A and B区分AB
A be different from BA与B不同
A differs from BA与B有别
8．come to light发现，暴露
Much more new evidence has come to light, so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.
come out出版，发行；come down下降
come into effect (force)开始生效；come into sight被望见
come to a conclusion做结论；come to an end结束；come to life活跃，起来；come to oneself恢复知觉，正常；come to the point谈正题；come off从……掉下来
二、词义辨析
except, except for, except that与besides
except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外；其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）或wh泊泳洹
besides意为“除……之外（尚有……）”，except是它的反义词；except表示“减云”，而besides表示“加上”。
except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正；其后一般接名词。
except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句，可以与except for互换。
①All came except Jane.除了珍妮外，大家都来了。（“Jane”和“all”是同一概念范畴内的词，都是指“人”，用except,不用except for）
②They all went there besides Tom.除汤姆（去了）以外，他们也都去了。
③He is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。（temper和man不是同一概念范畴的词，temper只是man的一个侧面，因此用except for,而不用except）
④Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.
=Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.
你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
三、重点句型
1．Then over dinner ,Franklin mentions that he has not been sleeping well since he gave up smoking and Dr Candy, the local doctor, offers to write him a prescription for some medicine.然后吃完饭后，富兰克林提到了自从戒烟以来他一直睡不好。坎迪医生--当地的一位医生，表示要为他开药方来抓药。
have/has been doing sth. 现在完成进行时。
2．Desperate for money, he tried to persuade Rachel to marry him, but when she changed her mind ,he had no choice but to go abroad to sell the diamond.
(由于)渴望得到钱，他试图说服雷切尔嫁给他，但当她改变了主意时，他别无选择只能去国外卖钻石。
have no choice hut to do sth .别无选择，只能做某事We had no choice but to go to bed .
那孩子别无选择只能上床睡觉了。
【思维拓展】
3．They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.他们发现喂食点越远，舞蹈就越慢。
在本句中，使用了the+比较级，the+比较级这一句型结构，意为“越……,越……”。
The busier the old man is ,the happier he feels.
那老人越忙越高兴。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __ _ at the party, but not _ _.
A．to arrive; leaving B．to arrive; to leave
C．arriving; leaving D．arriving; to leave
[解析] C 此题主要考查remember后接非谓语动词的不同形式时的意义理解，根据语境可知，指记得所做过的事情，而不是要做什么，故均选动词的瞚ng形式。
[考例2] The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ______ new customers to its stores.
A．join B．attract C．stick D．transfer
[解析] B 考查动词辨义。join参加，加入；attract吸引；stick粘住；transfer迁移。
[考例3] Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A．was called B．is called C．had been called D．has been called
[解析] B 考查在语境中运用、辨析时态的能力。题中which引导的为非限制性定语从句，which指代this open sea,引导的定语从句表达的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。
[考例4] ----It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
----- OK. ______ .
A．Take it easy B．Go slowly C．Stay longer D．See you
[解析] D 考查交际用语。根据语境，应选道别之辞。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．I tried to c_____ _ Tom after his wife’s death.
2．Their children are always very c____ __ towards old people.
3．Their wedding was a ___ ___(辉煌的) affair.
4．She ____ __(扣牢) her coat.
5．By a curious _____ __ (巧合), my husband and I have the same birthday.
6．Plain glass is __ ____(透明的).
7．Don’t rely on the information he gave you -it’s pure _ _____(设想).
8．He smokes a _ ____(最大量) of ten cigars a day.
9．The city’s water supply is no longer a__ ____.
10．She grew up in comfortable ___ ___(环境).
二、单项选择
1．What made the man angry was that the boy pretended __ ____ when he asked him to do it.
A．sleep B．sleeping C．to be sleeping D．not to asleep
2．The company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been made.
A．destroy B．resist C．assume D．cancel
3．Tom’s ______ of power was welcomed by everyone.
A. assumption B．impression C．success D．suggestion
4．He was glad that the judge announced that he was innocent ______ crime.
A．in B．to C． of D．for
5． She had a(n) _______ respect for Mr Green.
A．valuable B． extraordinary C．considerable D．considerate
6． How can you ______ the two books apart?
A．say B．speak C．tell D．divide
7． He has worked on the research several years, but something he hopes for doesn’t ______ .
A．come to lights B．come to a light C．come to lighting D．come to light
8． Farming demands ______ forecasts of the weather.
A．precise B．correct C． accurate D．exact
9．Why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _____ me.
A．above B．outside C．beside D．beyond
10．There was more than ______ rain and snow last year, so some parts of the country have been flooded this spring.
A． extra B．efficient C．permanent D．adequate
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest 1 out of our Polynesian Village resort (度假胜地) at Walt Disney was asked how she 2 her visit. She told the front瞕esk clerk she had had a(n) 3 vacation, but was heart broken about 4 several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet 5 . At that moment she was particularly 6 over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our Polynesian Luau, 7 this was a memory she especially treasured.
Now, please understand that we have no written service rules 8 lost photos in the park. 9 , the clerk at the front desk 10 Disney’s idea of caring for our 11 . She asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of 12 film, promising she would take care of the rest of our show at Polynesian Luau.
Two weeks later the guest received a 13 at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of our show, 14 signed by each performer. There were also 15 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front desk clerk in her own 16 after work. I happened to know this 17 because this guest wrote us a letter. She said that 18 in her life had she received such good service from any business.
Excellent 19 does not come from policy (政策性的) handbooks. It comes from people who 20 - and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.
1． A．working B．checking C．rying D．staying
2． A．expected B． realized C．paid D．enjoyed
3． A．disappointing B． wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important
4． A． taking B．dropping C．losing D．breaking
5． A． developed B．taken C．washed D．loaded
6． A．silly B． nervous C．calm D．sad
7． A．when B．where C．as D． which
8． A．covering B． finding C．making D．keeping
9． A．Excitedly B．Fortunately C．Therefore D．Quietly
10．A．understood B．reminded C．trusted D．discovered
11．A． workers B．guests C． managers D．clerks
12．A． printed B．shot C．unused D．recorded
13．A．film B．card C． camera D．packet
14．A．frequently B．personally C． alone D．actually
15．A．rules B．pictures C．handbooks D．performances
16．A．case B．work C． time D．position
17．A．story B．place C． photo D． show
18．A．only B．almost C．never D． nearly
19．A．advice B．experience C．quality D．service
20．A．care B．serve C．like D．know
参考答案
高三部分
Units 13~14 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．comfort 2．considerate 3．splendid 4．fastened 5．coincidence
6．transparent 7．assumption 8． maximum 9．adequate 10．surroundings
二、1.C2.D3.A4.C5.C6.C7.D8.C9.D10.D
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 BDBCA 6-10 DCABA 11-15 BCDBB 16-20 CACDA
1．B check out“结帐退房离开旅馆”。
2．D how she enjoyed her visit“(她被问道)这次参观的感觉怎么样”。问某人对某事的评价，常用句型：How do you like／ehoy sth? What do you think of sth?
3．B 后面的but表示转折，说明她的假期过得非常愉快，只是丢了几卷胶卷使她伤心。
4．C 根据上下文的意义可知。
5．A developed“(胶卷)冲洗过的”，take和a picture／photo搭配，表示“拍照”。
6．D 从上文的heartbroken可知她丢失了胶卷心里是很难过的。
7．C as表示原因。“因为她非常珍视这一段记忆。”
8． A 这句话提醒读者注意他们的旅游度假胜地Polynesian Village resort没有书面的包含处理在公园丢失的照片的服务条例。covering修饰rules，“包含……的制度、条款”。
9．B fortunately“幸运地是”，表示转折。
10．A 前台的工作人员没有看到这条规定，但她理解了迪斯尼的服务宗旨。其它各项均不合题意。
11．B 迪斯尼的服务对象当然是来这里度假的客人。
12．C 从上下文可知是没用过的胶卷。unused“没用过的”；printed“印出来的”；shot“拍过的”；recorded“录过音的”。
13．D a packet“包裹”。
14．B personally signed“被个人签上名的”。
15．B 根据后面作定语的过去分词所构成的固定搭配take pictures，选B。
16．C 前台服务员利用自己的业余时间拍的这些照片。
17．A 这位客人写信反映的事。
18．C 从本句的倒装句式可知本空填否定副词never。表否定的副词连词位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
19．D 从上下文可知。最后一段是对本故事的总结和评论。“优秀的服务并非来自服务细则，而是来自具有关心、服务意识的人，来自激励和塑造这种态度的文化。”
20．A care对客人的关心，设身处地为客人着想，才能真正为客人服务，而不仅仅是按要求去为客人服务。
篇5：高中三年级英语学案Units 9-10 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
It’s easy to abuse one?s power.
I won’t abuse your trust.
a much abused wife一位备爱虐待的妻子
the dangers of drug abuse滥用药物的危险
2．to make things worse更糟的是
To make things worse, he refused to apologize.
You are only making things worse.
同义词组有：what’s worse, worse still, even worse
类似结构有：to tell the truth说实话；to be exact确切说来；to be honest说实话；to be fran坦率地讲等
3．lay off解雇；不理会，使下岗
During the recession they laid ten of us off for three months.
The doctor told me to lay off for a week
4．consult vt.&vi.向……咨询，查阅
to consult a dictionary/a lawyer/a doctor
consult with与……交换意见，与……协商
Before I make up my mind I?d better consult with my parents.
5．make ends meet使收支相抵
Being out of work and having two young children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet.
6．furnish vt.为……提供家具；用家具布置
furnish A with B为某人（物）提供某事物（＝furnish B to A）
furnish sth. with sth.为某物提供家具，用家具布置某地
furnish a village with supplies (furnish supplies to a village)
furnish a house (a room, an office)
7．take pride in感到自豪
（1）take pride in以……为荣，对……感到自豪
She took great pride in being a member of the club.
（2）be proud of以……自豪
He was proud of his school record.
（3）be proud to do因做……而自豪
I’m very proud to call you my friend.
8．do up打扮；梳妆；固定，扣上，系上；修理；装修
This skirt does up at the back.
He never bothers to do his jacket up.
If we decide to buy the cottage, we’ll have to do it up.
do onself up梳妆打扮，化妆
9．let down使某人失望，不帮助
Tom will never let you down, you can always depend on him to help you.
let alone更别提；不打扰；不惊动
let off放过，宽恕；开（枪），放（炮）；排放
let out放走，释放；泄漏，放出
10．fix sth on/upon sb全神贯注于；凝视
fix one’s eyes on sb.凝视某人
fix one’s thoughts/attention on what one is doing.
Her eyes were fixed on the gun.
二、词义辨析
1．result, effect与influence
（1）result“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。
（2）effect“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划、事件带来的间接后果或某一物产生的效应（动词为affect）。
One of the effects of bad wether is a poor crop.
坏天气的后果之一是庄稼歉收。
influence“影响”，指对周围一切或今后历史等产生的影响或指有影响有势力的人或者有影响的物。
Don’t let me influence your decision.不要让我影响了你的决定。
2．take part in, join, join in与attend
（1）take part in表示参加某种活动，也可表示参加会议，并在活动中起积极作用。
（2）join加入某组织，成为其中一分子。如：
He joined the Party at the age of 20.他20岁入了党。
（3）attend表示出席会议。如：
We?ll attend a meeting at 2∶00 p.m.下午两点我们要参加会议。
（4）join in参加某一群人的活动。如：
After school, he joined us in cleaning.放学后，他和我们一起打扫卫生。
三、重点句型
1．They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.
当他们生病时，既无钱就医也买不起药品，他们也不能保证他们的孩子有营养全面的饮食。
“neither /nor＋倒装句”，即“neither/nor＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示与前面所陈述的动作或情况有着相同的否定概念。
①前后主语不同，谓语相同，承前省略谓语。
I won’t go to the party, nor/neither will she.
我不会去参加聚会，她也不去。
②前后主语相同，谓语不同，谓语不能省略。
I can’ t speak French, nor do I understand it.
我不会说法语，也不懂法语。
either 表达“也不……”时，用在一个否定句的句末，此句从形式到意义都否定，即在该句中有否定意义的词，
如：
no， nobody, none, no one, not never.
neither/nor用在一个倒装句的句首，该倒装句形式肯定，而意义否定，即助动词/系动词/情态动词不再和否定的词连用。
提点迷津：“neither+倒装句”只能用于两个主语或两种情形的“后者同前者一样不……” ；“nor+倒装句”可以用于两者，也可以用于三者及以上情形或主语。
2．If low瞚ncome families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.
如果低收入家庭像王林一样无力购买医疗保险的话，其它的脱贫措施也将以失败告终。
As was the case with Wang Lin 像王林那样的情况，作families的定语。
in this/that case倘若这/那样的话
in any case 假使；免得，以防万一
in no case 决不 in the case of 就……来说；至于……
3．Many happy hours had she spent, planning for something nice for him.
她花费了很多时间来为他准备一件好礼物。
此句正常语序为：She had spent many happy hours planning for something nice for him.
spend time/money on sth ./(in)doing sth .花费时间（金钱）干某事。
How much have you spent on this book?
He spends all day writing
四、语法复习
虚拟语气（Ⅱ）
（1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在“It is important( strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。
如：
It is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
It is necessary that he(should) be set there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow.已决定会议延期到明天。
It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别。真让人奇怪。
（2）虚拟语气在宾浯从句中的用法
①动词wish后的宾语从句中
表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。
如：
I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)
I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.但愿北京全年是秋天。(只是愿望。实际根本不可能实现。)
She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。(实际不住在 起)
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。
如：
I wish (wished) I hadn?t spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)
He wishes (wished) he had not lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(事实上机会已失去了，他感到惋惜。)
3)表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。
如：
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。
suggest(建议), demand, order, propose, insist(坚持), command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中
谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
如：
I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议我们马上动身。
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.
学生们坚持要多上英语课。
（3）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
①在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中
主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如：
Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. 即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。
Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他仍去办公室。
注：当从句由though／although引导时，主句常用陈述语气，从句可用也可不用虚拟浯气。
如：
This gave rue some faint hopes of relief, although I were (was) not able to imagine how it could be brought out.这给了我一丝解救的希望，但我想像不出如何实现。
②由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时
从句渭语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had+过去分词”。
如：
He treats me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注：姐果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
③在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中
谓语动词多用“couht/might(有时电用should)+动词原形”。
如：
Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students could/might hear clearly.
格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
They are climbing higher in order that they might/could get a better view.
他们正往更高处爬，以便看得更清楚。
在in case，for fear(that)，lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。
如：
She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she (should) be caught in the rain.她带了雨衣，以免遭雨淋。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.
A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost
[解析] B 考查惯用法的掌握，risk后接动名词作宾语。
[考例2] I don’t want like ______ I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A．to sound B．to be sounded C． sounding D．to have sounded
[解析] A 题意为“我不想让别人听起来像在说别人的坏话，但经理的计划太不公平。”want接不定式作宾语，且sound like和主语之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
[考例3] ---- How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
----- That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits
[解析] D suit作vt.有“适合（某人）之意”的意思，与题干的意思吻合。fit指“尺寸大小”的合适；meet是“迎接”；satisfy somebody表示“满足某人欲望”。
[考例4] Look at the trouble I am in. If only I ______ your advice.
A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow
[本题] C 考查虚拟语气用法，if only“要是……就好了。”题意为“看看我现在的困境！要是我早听你的劝告就好了。”表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时态。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．When her husband died, she received $ 20,000 i____ __.
2．Half of our i___ ___ goes on rent.
3．He only agreed to leave the country under p____ __.
4．Nothing could p___ __ him (from) going there.
5．She is u__ ____ in having a bad husband.
6．The beggar wore a s___ ___ old hat.
7．What was the o___ ___ of your investigation?
8．Are you being a___ __ to?
9．The small company is heavily b__ ____ with taxation.
10．While talking to children, remember to s___ ___ your explanation for them.
二、单项选择
1．The store had to _______ a number of clerks because sales were down.
A．lay out B．lay off C． lay aside D． lay down
2．In recent years there has been a ______ increase in teacher’s salary.
A．violent B． wide C． significant D． cautious
3． Remember to _______ with your brother before you decide.
A．consume B． consult C． pretend D． experiment
4．Since the policy of being open to the outside world was put into practice, a ______ change has taken place in China.
A．fundamental B．essential C．elementary D． basic
5．----How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
----That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satifies D．suits
6．When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving licence, but he was ______ with a fine.
A．let through B．let down C． let off D．let out
7．Mr Bally approved ______ the conference.
A．me to attend B． for my attending
C．of me to attend D． of my attending
8．The effect of the drug will ______ affter four hours or so.
A．fall through B．wind up C．end up D． wear off
9．This room is partly _______ with a few old armchairs.
A．offered B．given C． afforded D． furnished
10． ______ the bus arrived, forty minutes late.
A．At length B． In the first place
C．As a consequence D． In detail
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
We had been told in the village that the road over the mountains was under construction and that it would be impossible to cross the frontier by car. We intended to disbelieve these 1 , since thirty miles of the road bad heen 2 effortlessly and we had come to within sight of the mountain pass. It was then that our confidence was 3 : the road began to get from bad to worse rapidly.
Henry stopped the car and we decided to climb as 4 as the pass on foot to see exactly how bad things were. We found that the track 5 for a couple of miles only; and then the road 6 again. We did not regard a little mud as a serious obstacle (障碍) and considered that the crossing would be quite 7 if we went on carefully. The first five hundred yards or so were sheletred by pieces of rock. We walked along 8 but surely, pleased with ourselves at having proved the villagers 9 . Just as we turned a corner, Henry caught sight of a large stone in his path and tried to 10 it. The car slid to one side and the rear wheels became 11 fast in mud. I got out to lighten the 12 , but the more Henry accelerated (加速), the deeper the wheels 13 into the soil. There was no choice but to dig down to the level of the wheels with our bare 14 . And we were soon covered in mud from head to foot. When the level was 15 , we filled the hole, with loose 16 and I watched anxiously as Henry started up the engine. Stones went 17 everywhere, but the wheels remained 18 in place. I fetched two planks and we put them 19 the wheels and the track. The wheels turned wildly before they gripped (咬紧) the dry planks. After a mometnt the car 20 itself out of the rut (车辙)， and came to a stop.
1． A．notes B．warnings C．dangers D．jokes
2． A．covered B．run C．gone D．driven
3． A．taken up B．torn down C．got off D．broken down
4． A．long B．soon C．possible D．far
5． A．ended B．turned C．extended D．lasted
6． A．continued B．disappeared C．was good D．remained
7． A．comfortable B．pleasant C．easy D．enjoyable
8． A．quickly B．slowly C．bravely D．hurriedly
9． A．fight B．stupid C．helpful D．wrong
10．A．hit B．miss C．avoid D．push
11．A．stuck B．flowing C．stricken D．flying
12．A．wheels B．lights C．road D．engine
13．A．dropped B．fell C．drowned D．sank
14．A．feet B．hands C．arms D．backs
15．A．reached B．raised C．reduced D．supported
16．A．wood B．stones C．sand D．trees
17． A．crashing B．splashing C．sinking D．flying
18． A．still B．loose C．firm D．direct
19． A．between B．among C．in D．outside
20． A．pushed B．pulled C．dragged D．drew
参考答案
高三部分
Units 9~10 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．insurance 2．income 3．pressure 4．prevent 5．unfortunate 6．shabby
7．outcome 8．attended 9． burdened 10．simplify
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 BADDC 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 BDCAB
1．B 我们本打算不想想这些提醒。
2．A 既然我们没费多大力气走了三十里路，而且已经看到山隘了。
3．D break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉。就在这个时候，我们的自信心没有了；因为路况变糟了。
4．D as far as直到……之外为止，远达。我们决定步行爬山到山口去看看情况到底有多糟。
5．C 小路延伸有二三里。
6．A 然后又是大道。
7．C 如果我们小心前行的话，交叉路口应该较容易通过。
8．B 由上文“if we went on carefully”推测。
9．D 此时，在作者看来，路况并不是非常差，所以认为村民的提醒是错的。
10．C (车)想避开大石头。
11．D 后轮在泥里打滑，所以飞转。
12．C 照亮路。
13．D 根据常识推测车越加速，轮子就越陷进泥里。
14．B 别无他法，只好用手挖(泥土)，直到车轮底。
15．A (挖)到车轮底。
16．B 由下文“Stones went flying everywhere．”推测，是用松散小石子填坑。
17．D 马达启动，车轮转动，小石子四处飞溅。
18．C 车轮还是牢牢地在原地。in place在原来的地方。
19．A 把木板放在车轮和车辙之间。
20．B pull out(车辆、船只等)驶出，划出。
篇6：高中三年级英语学案Units 3-4 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．govern vt. & vi.统治;控制;治理
The mayor governed the city very wisely.
Self interest governs all his actions.
government n.政府，政体，统治；governor总督，省长，主管人员；the governing class统治阶级；the governing body董事会，理事会
2． as a consequence (of)作为（……的）结果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.
类似表达：in (as a) consequence of由于……，因……;as a result of因……
3．break out(火灾、疾病、战争、**等)突然发生
break away from脱离；放弃（习惯等）；打破（陈规）
break into破门而入；突然……起来
break in闯入；打断
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毁掉；垮；身体垮下来
break off折断，打断
用法注意：break out一般不用于被动语态和进行时。
4．round up聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.
5．classify vt.编排；分类
classify sth. according to/by sth.依据……分类
classify sb./sth. as归入……类；分等级
classify sb./sth. in/into…把……归为……类
The books in the library are classified by subject.
6．promote v.使晋升；促进；设立；发起
promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人
promote foreign trade促进对外贸易
promote a new product促销新产品
7．reward n. vt.报答；报酬；给报酬，奖赏
ask for reward不图报酬
give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬
offer a reward of…给酬金……
as a reward for…作为对……的酬谢
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因……报答某人
reward sb. with/by…用……酬谢某人
8．pass away去世，逝世
pass by走过；经过；忽视
pass sth. down(常用于被动语态)一代一代传下去
pass sth. on(to sb.)将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间）
二、词义辨析
1． respect, honour与regard
辨析：respect, honour与regard
（1）respect尊敬，正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。
如：
He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。
（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（＝respect highly）指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。
如：
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。
（3）regard尊敬，指对父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。
We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。
2．be sure of与be sure to do
be sure of(或that)主语是人，主语感到“有把握，确信”
be sure to do主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测“一定，必然会”。
如：
He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他确信他会成功。（主语He的信念）
He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（说话人的意见）
It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
三、重点句型
1．It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.
很多年之后澳大利亚人才开始尊重土著人，并且意识到多样性社会的重要性。
It would(will) be +段时间+until+从句是一个句型，表示“过多长时间才……”。
如：
It would be 10 years until he knew the truth
十年之后他才得知真相。
It will be 10 years until you understand
十年后你才会明白。
2．In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
从面积上说，它大约同美国（不包括阿拉斯加）相当，而美国的人口却是澳大利亚的十四倍多。
As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍数表达法。
如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：
A be x times the size/height/length…of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times
3．In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.
在年轻时代，查理斯达尔文可以自由地做试验及他喜欢做的任何事。
Whatever he liked 引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。
四、语法复习
1．表语
（一）表语的定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
（二）表语的表现形式
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不式式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
（1）名词
Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
（2）代词
Is this yours?这是你的吗？
That’s all I want to tell you.我要告诉你的就是这些。
（3）形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到过的最美丽的城市。
（4）分词
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
（5）数词
Three times seven is twenty瞣ne.3乘7等于21。
He is always the first to enter the office.他总是第一个进办公室。
（6）不定式
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他们的计划是一周内完成这项实验。
（7）动名词
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大学学习法律。
（8）介词短语
The machine must be out of order.机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
（9）副词
Time is up. The class is over.时间到了，下课。
My father isn’t in. He is out.我父亲不在家，他出去了。
（10）表语从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
实际情况是他从未出过国。
2．宾语
（一）宾语的定义
宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、名词化的形容词、瞚ng分词短语、从句等。
（二）宾语的表现形式
（1）名词
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。
（2）代词
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
（3）数词
-How many dictionaries do you have?你有几本字典？
-I have five.我有5本。
（4）名词化的形容词或分词
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。
We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。
（5）不定式（短语）
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
（6）动名词（短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。
He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。
（7）从句
I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他问我班上谁的发音最好。
（三）宾语的种类
（1）直接宾语
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的字典借给我。
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
对不起，请问到火车站怎么走？
（2）间接宾语
间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。
The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉给我们送了几台计算机。
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送给我一份生日礼物。
（3）复合宾语
有些动词除了跟有宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起就叫做复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用it作形式宾语。
They elected him their monitor.他们选他当班长。（代词+名词）
I found the baby always happy.我发现这个婴儿总是很愉快的。（名词+形容词）
The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.
当他第二天醒来时发现自己在医院里。（代词+介词短语）
I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常请他帮助我学英语。
（代词+动词不定式）
I find it easy to answer this question.我发现回答这个问题是容易的。
（it作形式宾语）
（4）介词宾语
位于介词后面的宾语称做介词宾语。
In our school about three瞗ourths of the students are from the north.
我们学校3/4的学生来自北方。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
[解析] D 本题考查倍数表达法。考比较等级及修饰语，表分数、倍数、百分数的修饰语一般应放在比较等级的前面。详见前面解释。
[考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.
A．to lock B．to have locked C．locking D．having locked
[解析] D 考非谓语动词，由句意可知lock your car的动作应该业已完成，故选择D项。
[考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
[解析] B 考查with的复合结构。with+名词+过去分词通常在句中作伴随状语。
[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Taken
[解析] C 祈使句+and+将来时态的句子＝if条件句+将来时态的句子。
[考例5] Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.
A．get from B． follow C．receive D．ask for
[解析] D ask for permission是固定词组，意为“征求许可；征得同意。”
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.
2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.
3．T______ this sentence into the passive.
4．Chinese is his _______(长项).
5．He has a poor French ______(词汇量).
6．What is the usual ______ (手续) for setting up a new school?
7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).
8．The teacher______ (计算) the average mark of the class.
9．They are preparing for war on a large______ (规模).
10．Never judge a man by his ______(外貌).
二、单项选择
1．Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the______ .
A．consequences B．endings C．results D．outcome
2．In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been ______ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A．altered B．converted C．transmitted D．transformed
3．People in New York ______ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A．announce B． claim C．state D．pronounce
4．She ______ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．looks B． compares C． resembles D．equals
5．The two sides in the dispute still differ ______ each other ______ the question of pay.
A．with; over B．with; in C．over; with D．on; over
6．We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A．distinction B． discrimination C．deviation D．separation
7．It was said that she was going abroad at her own ______.
A．money B．expense C．fund D．charge
8． ______ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.
A．Gathered B．Collected C．Accumulated D．Assembled
9．In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ______ .
A．power B．privilege C．program D．promotion
10．Because of his achievements in the last year, John was ______ to a higher position.
A． risen B．promoted C．lifted D．grown
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting-it’s watching.
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze(悠闲的氛围 ).
That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充电的电池)doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something-sit there.
1．What message does the author try to get through to us?
A．People should make better use of their sitting room.
B．People should spend less time watching TV.
C．People should pass down their good habits.
D．People should take things easy for their own good.
2．We can learn from the second paragraph that______ .
A．people lived a more restful life in the past
B．towns were built to make living convenient
C．small town garages had a lot to offer
D．people enjoyed going out for a drive
3．The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ______ .
A．eating food B．watching TV
C．gathering together D．playing with children
4． From the text we know the writer believes ______ .
A．sitting has a good spiritual effect
B．sitting helps people remember the past
C．a sitting room may have different purposes
D．a sitting room is important for the old
参考答案
高三部分
Units 3~4 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．fellows 2．destination 3．Transform 4．strength 5．vocabulary 6．procedure
7．appetite 8． calculated 9． scale 10．appearance
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 DACA
1．D 根据文章最后一段可知。
2．A 人们过去过着一种比较安逸的生活。
3．C 根据第三段的内容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and…
4．A 根据文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。
篇7：高中三年级英语学案Units 7-8 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．admit vt.承认；准许……进入（使用）vi.容许；承认
admit sb.(sth.)into/to sth.允许某人（物）进入
sb. be admitted to school (hospital)接受某人入学（院）
admit sth./doing sth./that clause承认……
2．occupy vt.使忙碌；使从事；占有
The table is already occupied.
The company occupies the entire building.
He is occupied in repairing farm tools.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth=be busy doing sth./with sth.
occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth.忙于（做某事）
3． anyway adv.无论如何；即使如此
I’m going anyway, no matter what you say.
It’s too late now, anyway(anyhow).
Anyway (Anyhow), you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.
4． stick vt.使停止；阻塞；刺；伸出；粘贴
He stuck his fork into a big piece of meat.
Don’t stick your head out of the window of the car.
A nail stuck in the tyre of my car.
Our car got stuck in the mud.
stick to坚持stick out伸出……stick on贴住
5．acquire vt.学到；获得acquisition n.获得；得到
The company has acquired shares in a rival business.
She acquired an American accent while living in New York.
acquire a habit of smoking养成抽烟的习惯
acpuire a bad reputation得到坏的名声
6． instruct vt.教；指导；指示
instruct sb. in sth.教导某人某事
instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事
follow the instruction遵从指示
I am instructed to inform you that the minister is not willing to make a statement.
7． take a risk/take risks冒险
We ought not to take risks.
You are taking a big risk driving so fast.
at risk处于危险之中；at the risk of冒……的危险
8． fall behind落后于；拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
He always falls behind when we’re going uphill.
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent, please.
二、词义辨析
1． wage, income, pay, salary, wages辨析
income:收入、收益、进款（统称）；
pay:薪水，工资；最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作的人的薪水；
salary:薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员、记者、教师、牧师等的薪水；
wages:(复)工资；指劳动者的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬；
fee:手续费，薪金；指付给律师、医师或其他专业人员的酬金、学费等。
2． wealthy, rich与well off
wealthy富的；一般指财势上的“富裕”，常指拥有大量财产的人，有时也指拥有其他东西，此时与rich通用；rich丰富的，富有的，可指钱财，也可指物质上、精神上的其他东西，主语可以是人，也可以是物；well off富裕的；指人的富裕，但程度不如wealthy，通常指“小康的富足”。
三、重点句型
1．It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim.
它是Tiny Tim的两倍大。
倍数表达法，参见前面units 5－6内容。
2．Much good may it do you！
愿圣诞赐福于你！
本句是一倒装句型，it指圣诞节。May用来表示愿望。祝愿、祈求等，通常用倒装句表达。
如：
May you all be happy! 愿你们都快乐幸福。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live China! 中国万岁！
3．We’ll toast to the New Year with a glass of bisho wine.
让我们一起喝一杯加香料的果子酒，以贺新年。
toast to 祝酒，干杯。如：
Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
女士们，先生们，我提议为新娘和新郎干杯。
4．It takes patience to learn a language.
学习语言需要耐心
take在此处相当于ask for, require 等，常用作It takes…to do sth .
四、语法复习
1．状语
（一）状语的定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
（二）状语的表现形式
（1）副词及副词性词组
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
（2）介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了了。
In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，但是我们仍继续工作。
（3）不定式（短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.他因通过高考而感到自豪。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起。
（4）分词（短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.他不知道怎么办好，就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。
（5）名词（短语）
Wait a minute.等一下。
Would you please come this way?请这边走。
I go to school every day.我每天去上学。
（6）从句
Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。
It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有多少水的地方，生活是十分艰难的。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
（三）状语的种类
状语按照内容可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度伴随情况等。
（1）时间状语
How about meeting again at six?六点再见面怎样？
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天，我通常乘公共汽车去上学。
（2）原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。
（3）条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨，我将到那里去。
As (So) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
（4）地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方，就有生命。
（5）方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她小心地把鸡蛋放在蓝子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
（6）伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。
（7）目的状语
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
Bring it close so that I may see it better.把它拿近些，以便我看得更清楚些。
（8）结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。
He is so good a teacher that the students love respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。
（9）让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.虽然她年纪大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，都欢迎。
（10）程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
（11）比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English, the better I?ll be.我越多讲英语，就讲得越好。
注：副词修饰动词时放在行为动词之后或动词的宾语之后，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词之前。
如：
They study hard.他们学习努力。（修饰动词）
He was very sad.他非常伤心。（修饰形容词）
She speaks English quite well.她英语讲得很好。（修饰副词）
We go to school on foot.我们步行上学。（介词短语，修饰动词）
（四）状语的位置
英语中状语的位置比较灵活。影响状语位置的因素很多，如强调的程度、句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置。
（1）修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语（及宾语）之后。
He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
I saw him the other day.几天前我见过他。
The match was put off because of rain.比赛因下雨而推迟。
（2）修饰谓语动词的状语有时不止一个，主要归纳为下面几种情况。
①如果有多个时间状语或地点状语，我们一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面，这和汉语的次序正好相反。
如：
We are going to meet him at the airport at two o’clock this afternoon.我们将于今天下午两点到机场迎接他。
②如果句中既有时间状语，又有地点状语，则地点状语通常放在时间状语之前。
如：
I?ll meet you at the theatre at six瞭hirty.我六点半在剧院跟你见面。
I studied English at the university for five years.我在这所大学学了5年英语。
③方式状语的位置一般放在时间、地点状语之前；如果地点状语较短，则放在地点状语之后。
如：
The lady sat down and ate greedily before others.那女子坐下，然后在众人面前狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。
Susan got there on foot yesterday.苏姗昨天步行到那里。
（3）表示频度的副词像offten, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, ever, rarely, generally, constantly等，通常要放在主动词的前面；如果谓语部分含有情态助动词、基本助动词或动词be，就要放在这些动词之后。
如：
He is always busy.他总是很忙。
I usually go to work at eight in the morning.我通常上午8点上班。
We often meet at the bus station.我们常常在公共汽车站碰面。
I shall never forget that day.我永远不会忘记那一天。
（4）不定式短语作目的状语，通常放在句末，有时为了强调也可放在句首；不定式短语作结果状语则通常放在动词后面，
如：
Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.大多数国家利用这些卫星发送和接收消息。
The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.英国人则会后退，以保持一定的距离。
To make this news certain, he carried out a thorough investigation after the meeting.为了证实这一消息，他会后进行了彻底的调查。
Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again.两年之后，她父亲失踪了，再也没听到他的音信。
（5）瞚ng分词短语作方式、伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词之后；作时间、原因状语等常放在句首；作结果、目的状语常位于句末。
如：
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐，谈论着旅行计划。
In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand.在阿拉伯国家，人们用右手手指吃饭。
Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于与别的大陆已分离了几百万年，澳大利亚有许多动植物是世界其他地方所没有的。
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.这种鱼两分钟内就可以把一个人吃掉，只剩下骨头。
2．虚拟语气（Ⅰ）
（一）语气的定义和种类
（1）语气的定义
语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（2）语气的种类
①陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：
We are not ready.我们没准备好。
Did it rain all day yesterday?昨天下了一天雨吗？
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
②祈使语气
表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如：
Be careful!小心!
Don’t forget to close the window.别忘了关窗。
Open the door, please.请打开门。
③虚拟语气
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：
I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。
I wish you could go with me.但愿你能同我们一起去。
May you succeed!祝您成功!
（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：If it doesn?t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如：
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果
If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.
要是我是你，我就会（可能）对他说实话。
If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能考试不及格）。
If I had had the money last week, I should (would, could, might) have bought a car.
如果上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。
She would(could,might) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.
如果她比赛赢了，她就会(可能)给你打电话。
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(could,might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会(可能会)见到那个著名的歌唱家。
(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would, could, might) go to see my grandmother.
如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。
If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might) be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)得救。
（4）主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况
有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.
如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。
①省略连词if
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个 词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如：
Should he come(If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。
Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.如果他细心些，这些错误本来是可以避免的。
在虚拟条件句中，省略连词的倒装形式，其句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式。如我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Paris. 但不能说： Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Paris.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。
如：
Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn?t have done it.
要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)
I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
（5）省去条件从句或主句
表示虚拟敢的主名或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。（省去了“If you had wanted to”）（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
②省去主句（常用以表示愿望）
If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！（事实是：祖母已不在世。）
If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了!（事实是：她已经走了。）
If only the wind would stop!风要是停了该多好!（事实是：风停的可能性很小。）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
[解析] A 本题考查with+宾语+宾语补足语构成的复合结构，区分非谓语动词作宾补的区别，准确把握句子结构是解题关键，B不符语法，C表已做，D表还未做，A表正进行。
[考例2] ----Will $200 _________?
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A．count B． satisfy C．fit D．do
[解析] D 本题考查动词词义辨析。count数数，satisfy使满足，fit合适，do意为“可行，行”。故选择do。
[考例3] Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A．when B．while C．since D．once
[解析] A 本题考查连词用法，稍加分析题干便知，主句动作与从句动作哪个在先，最后不难判断应该选when，相当于at that time,“这时”或“就在这里”。
[考例4] In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ______ in personality.
A．contact B．contrast C．connection D．conflict
[解析] D 本题考查词义辨析。contact接触，联系，交际，交往；contrast对比，对照；connection联系，关系；conflict争论，冲突，抵触，斗争。根据题意应选D项。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．He set high ____ __(规范) of behavior for his pupils.
2．We should have a good ____ __(问心无愧).
3．The teahcer c___ ___ his hands to make the pupils quiet.
4．The president _ ____(亲自) answered her letter.
5．One of his ____ __(抱负) is to study abroad.
6．What is his real ____ __(动机)？
7．Mr. Chen i ___ ___ us in maths.
8．Where did you study last a____ __ year.
9．The new law will come into o___ ___ next month.
10．He has made a speech a__ ____ to the occasion.
二、单项选择
1．All the parts of these washing machines are ______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A．normalized B．modernized C． mechanized D．standardized
2．The trade agreement helped to strengthen the ______ between the two countries.
A．dependence B．derivation C．bond D． bearing
3．Though her father did not like the young man, she married him ______.
A． anybody B． anyhow C． anyone D．anywhere
4．Mary is ______ a translation of a French novel.
A．engaged with B．busy in C．absorbed to D．occupied with
5．This ticket ______ one person to the show.
A． promises B．enters C．admits D． includes
6．Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he ______ his opinion.
A．stuck at B．strove for C．stuck to D．stood for
7．I ______ their method of making the machine.
A．adopted B．voted C．elected D． commended
8．Once a decision has been made, all of us should _______ it.
A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to
9．If people keep polluting the rivers, no fish there will survive ______.
A．at all cost B．for a long while C． in the long run D． by no means
10．It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
A．we the mountain climber rescued
B．that the mountain climber was rescued
C．when the mountain climber was rescued
D．then the mountain climber was rescued
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Central Park
Outside among the trees, watch the wildlife both the human and animal varieties. Call （212）360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from “59th to 110th” Sts, and from “5th Ave. to Central Park West.”
Empire State Building
This is among the most striking buildings in the city, the nation, even the world. The observation deck (瞭望台) on the 86th floor is open to the general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you?ll find the New York Skyride, a simulated (模拟的) helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. Midtown/ (212)736-3100.
Intrepid Sea睞ir睸pace Museum
Five blocks west of Time Square, this museum has hundreds of air, deep瞫ea and space exhibits. Walk the flight deck of the 900瞗oot瞝ong aircraft carrier Intrepid, see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86. W. “46th St. and 12th” Ave./(212)245-0072.
Madison Square Garden
If it?s big, it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events, concerts and much more. Tours are available.“ 7th Ave. btwn. 31th” and 33th Sts, Midtown/(212)465-6741.
1．The New York Sky ride is for______ .
A．sightseeing B．flight training
C．model plane sports D． city transportation
2．If a visitor is interested in music, he will probably go to ______ .
A． Central Park B． Empire State Building
C．Intrepid Sea Air Space Museum D．Madison Square Garden
3．What is the purpose of these texts?
A．To provide information of living in New York.
B．To provide directions of city traffic in New York.
C．To give visitors a guide to New York.
D．To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.
参考答案
高三部分
Units 7~8 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．standards 2．conscience 3．clapped 4．personally 5．ambition 6．motivation
7．instructs 8．academic 9．operation 10．appropriate
二、1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．A
2．D根据文章最后材料。
3．C为的是向来到纽约城市的人们介绍这座城市。
篇8：高中二年级英语学案Units 15-16 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．只能接动名词的动词巧记:
英语中, 有一部分动词的后面只能接名词而不能接不定式. 如何记牢这些动词是英语学习者十分苦脑的问题. 在此介绍一句话, 希望能帮助大家记住这些动词.
Mrs P Black missed a beef bag.
布莱克夫人丢了一只牛肉袋.
这句话中每一个字母表示一个动词或短语动词:
M-mind (介意); R-risk (冒险); S-stop (停止,可接不定式); P-practise (练习);
B-be busy in (忙于); L-look forward to (盼望); A-avoid (避免); C-consider (考虑);
K-keep (on) (坚持); M-miss (思念, 错过); I-insist on (坚持); S-suggest (建议);
S-succeed in (成功); E-enjoy (爱好); D-delay (延缓); A-advise (提议);
B-be used to (习惯); E-escape (逃避); F-finish (完成); B-begin (开始, 也可接不定式);
A- admit (承认); G-give up (放弃)
2．willing
（1）willing作形容词, 表示 “愿意的, 心甘情愿的”, 经常用于be willing to do或 “be willing +that-clause”句型中,
例如:
I am willing to help you.
我愿意帮助你
Are you willing that she should be admitted into our club?
你愿意她加入我们的俱乐部吗?
（2）willing作形容词, 还表示 “乐于……”, 常作定语. 例如:
The teacher offers us willing help on the difficult problems.
老师乐于帮助我们解难题
[注意]它的比较级, 最高级分别是和more willing 和most willing.
（3）同义词: agreeable adj.使人愉快的
反义词: unwilling adj.不愿意的, 勉强做的
二、词义辨析
1．consider; regard的区别
（1）consider是动词, 表示 “视为, 以为”. 是正式用语, 指经过认真考虑后的结论.
例如:
I consider him a fool.
我认为他是个蠢材.
He considered the report to be false.
他认为这份报告有误.
（2）regard视为, 认为. 与consider同义, 但较不正式。
例如:
She regards him a clever fellow.
她把他视为聪明人.
He is generally regarded as a wise man.
大家都认为他是个聪明人.
2．deal with; deal in; do with的辨析
（1）deal in意为 “做买卖”, 但后接具体买卖的商品, 一般不用被动语态.
例如:
She deals in men’s clothing.
她经营男士服装.
（2）deal with 和 do with都可作 “处理”解. deal with意为 “处理”, 其中deal是不及物动词, 不能带宾语., 当加上with后, 就相当于及物动词, 可以带宾语, 常和疑问词how连用.
例如:
How can you deal with the problem?
这个问题你如何处理?
（3）do with意为 “采取……措施, 处理…..”, do为及物动词, 要带宾语, 常和疑问词what连用.
例如:
What will you do with the serious problem?
你将如何处理这严重的问题?
三、重点句型
1．Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you may want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打好行李, 探索世界所能提供给你的事物, 你可能想考虑下列目的地中的一个
should you feel…相当于If you should feel…. 在if条件句中常可使用情态动词should, 表示我真实的但又无把握的条件, should可译成 “要是; 万一”. 这时还可省略if, 句子改用倒装语序.
如:
If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back.
urge此处作名词, 意为 “强烈的愿望; 冲动”, 后常接动词不定式.
如:
I had a sudden urge to see her.
2．But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前从来没有滑过雪也没必要担心.
there is no need to do sth. 或there is no need for sth. 是固定句式, 意为 “做某事没有必要; 没必要……”.
如:
There is no point in arguing further.
3．The injustices of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. 这座城市和整个南方所存在的这些不公正导致金博士组织非暴力的示威, 目的是结束隔离制度.
此处aimed at…是过去分词短语作定语, 修饰demonstrations, 相当于which were aimed a t…. aim at或be aimed at是固定短语, 意为 “目的是, 目的在于, 企图”, 后接名词或动名词.
如:
We don’t know at whom her remarks were aimed.
四 语法复习
(一)非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式，现在分词和过去分词。它们均可作定语、状语和补语。不定式和现在分词还可作主语和宾语。它们的用法主要有以下几点需注意
1．不定式的主动和被动
不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，该句主语又与不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
如：
The problem is difficult (for us) to solve.
I need a room to live in.
2．现在分词与过去分词的区别
从语态上看，现在分词表示与名词之间的主动关系；而过去分词则表示被动关系。如:the ruling class统治阶级; the ruled class被统治阶级。从时间关系上看，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作已经完成。:如: a developing country发展中国家:developed countries发达国家
3．现在分词与不定式的区别
现在分词表示动作正在进行，而不定式表示动作尚未发生。如：the meeting being held正在进行的会议; the meeting to be held tomorrow明天将举行的会议
4．不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式和现在分词都可跟在一个句子后面作结果状语。它们的区别在于：不定式作结果状语，表示结果是出人意料的; 而现在分词则表示顺起其自然的结果。
如：
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
（二） 现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时, 它所表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生. 如果两个动作有先有后, 一般不能用现在分词做定语, 而要用定语从句.
例如:
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
老师批评了打碎玻璃的那位同学.
而不能说成:
The teacher criticized the student breaking the window.现在分词在句中作定语时, 不仅存在前置与后置区别, 而且存在状态，时间与形式上的差异. 具体用法如下:
（1）状态差异：
现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。 一般来讲， 前置的现在分词静感强，而后置现在分词动感强。
例如：
The labouring people are the wisest.
劳动人民最聪明
The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.
在这儿干活的农民不怕蛇.
能前置的现在分词为数不太多, 常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词. 这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词. 有些甚至还有比较等级.
例如:
I have brought very exciting news to you.
我给你带来了特别令人兴奋的消息
This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最令人兴奋的故事
（2）时间差异
这里是指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异. 有此现在分词作定语时表示正在进行的动作, 这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态.
例如:
Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? = Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise?
你告诉那些在那边玩儿的孩子别吵闹了吗?
The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday. =The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
正在访华的美国总统将于周六回国
有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性的动作或现在(或当时)的状态. 此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态. 而不宜用进行时态. 若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点.
例如：
They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake. =They stayed at a hotel which stands by the lake.
他们住在临湖的一家旅馆.
（3）形式差异
从形式来看, 前置现在分词多为单个分词, 而后置现在分词多为短语. 换句话说, 若用现在分词作定语, 单个分词要前置, 分词短语要后置. 但也不是绝对如此, 要视情况而定. 要是强调动感即使是单个分词也应后置.
例如:
Look! The girl singing is Lily and the one dancing is Mary.
快看! 唱歌的女孩是莉莉, 跳舞的那个是玛丽
需要注意的是, 现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语, 只能作后置定语.
例如:
They must keep a secret of the things being discussed there.
他们必须为讨论过的那件事保密
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 过去分词作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。过去分词前面可用when，once，although等连词。
[考例1] Sugar, when _______ with water, dissolves quickly.
A．mixed B．mixing C．mix D．s mixed
[点拨] 选A。mix 和sugar 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
[考例2] It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by the boss.
A．questioning B． having questioned
C．questioned D．to be questioned
[点拨] 选 C。question和它的逻辑主语 “I”之间是动宾关系，这里用过去分词作状语。
[考点] one 用作代词，代替表示单个的人或事物的名词；替代复数形式用ones。
[考例3] Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious ______ than mobile phones do.
A． one B．ones C．it D．those
[点拨] 选B。ones 替代前面的problems。
[拓展] one用作代词，代替可数名词；that用作代词，代替不可数名词。
[考例4] I’m going to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.
A．ones B．one C．that D．those
[点拨] 选C。that 替代上文中的air。因为air 是不可数名词，不能用one替代。
[考点] practical 用作形容词, “实际的、实用的、可行的”的意思。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Mother always ask me not to say any words to _______ (陌生人).
2．After a heated _______(讨论), we made a final decision.
3．We have ______ (相似) tastes in music and sports.
4．How can you ______ (表达) your feeling when facing such an situation?
5．______ (诚实) is the best policy.
6．Insects which eat crops are p_____.
7．This coat m______ the dress very well.
8．They went out in s______ of the lost boy.
9．A c_______ change takes place in any substance when it burns.
10．This toy is not s_______ for a 3-year-old boy.
二、单项填空
1．What ______me most was that my parents were so ______with my school grades.
A．disappointed; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing
C．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointed
2．The sight of this note ______me that I had to go to the store after school.
A．explained B．suggested C．reminded D．reflected
3．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. [06 全国卷Ι]
A．in favour of B． in memory of
C．in honour of D．in search of
4．The famous actor keeps fit by ______for half an hour every morning
A．acting out B．working out C．giving out D．bringing out
5． ______his arrival at the airport, the film star was recognized and soon surrounded by a group of film fans.
A．At B．Over C．On D．To
6．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were ______. He died soon afterwards
A．in place B．in return C．in vain D． in order
7．It is not a serious illness. I guess she will ______soon.
A． remove B．recover C． replace D．reduce
8．There are ______that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.
A． marks B．symbols C． signs D． signals
9．He said he was 30 years of age, but ______he was more than 40.
A．in fact B．after all C．anyhow D．instead
10．We went to the movies first and had a bite in a French restaurant ______.
A．afterwards B．therefore C．anyway D．though
【能力拓展】
While many teenagers may dream of meeting with pop star Jay Chou（周杰伦）or NBA hero Yao Ming, Li Jing had a far more powerful person on her mind. The Senior 2 from Beijing No. 35 High School dreamt of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin.
After more than a year of hard work and with a little good luck, Li fulfilled（实现）her dream. On October 11, , the 16-year-old girl joined a team of Chinese Journalists who went to the Kremlin（克里姆林宫）, Moscow, to interview Putin.
Li felt nervous before talking with Putin. “But his greeting and warm smile put me at ease,” she said.
Li admires Putin very much, because of his strong will and style of leadership. “He looks very cool,” Li said. During her interview, Li asked Putin whether he plans to educate his two teenage daughters to be officials in the future. Putin smiled and answered he hopes they can do whatever job suits their interests and personalities.
Although Li would only have several minutes, she started working on her interview questions last August after applying for the opportunity. “Journalists” work is by no means easy. You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee,” she said. She read many books about Putin and Russia in her spare time.
Li’s parents encouraged her to be a student journalist. “We fully support her, as long as it does not affect studies,” said her father. Previous in her job for a student magazine, Chinese Young Journalists, she wrote a letter to President Hu Jintao during the SARS epidemic（流行疫情）.
Li has learnt a lot from her experience. She said learning to manage her time and develop the confidence to speak with important people were not things she could learn in class.
1．The underlined word “interview” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.
A．the person who interviews
B．the person who is interviewed
C．the person who know how to interview
D．the person who plan to interview a famous people
2．Which of the following best describe Li Jing’s parents’ attitude towards her being a student journalist?
A．They think to a student journalist is purely a waste of time.
B． They worry that to be a student journalist will affect her studies
C．They consider it is quite good for Li Jing on the condition of not striking her study.
D．They neither support it nor object to it.
3．Li Jing is different from those students of her age in that __________.
A．she doesn’t like pop star Jay Chou
B．she hates meting with the NBA hero Yao Ming
C．she wants to meet neither Jay Chou nor Yao Ming
D．She dreams of meeting the president powerful Russian leader
4． Which of the following statements is Not true?
A． Li realized her dream not just because of her hard work
B．Li was at easy at the first sight of president Putin
C．Li considers Putin a great leader because of his strong will and style of leadership
D．Li thinks impossible to learn in class the confidence to speak with great people
参考答案
高二部分
Units 15-16 (B2)
基础演练
一、1. strangers 2. discussion 3. similar 4. express 5. Honesty 6. pests 7. matches 8. search 9. chemical 10. suitable
二、1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
能力拓展
1-4 BCDB
1． B 通过上下文可知，对于journalists（记者）的采访interviewee（对象），记者需要做很多的事情（You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee）。
2． C 从文章倒数第二段可以看出，父母对她的课外活动是很支持的，前提是不影响学习。
3． D 从第一段可知，其他同学都梦想与周杰伦、姚明等见面，而她则想采访俄罗斯总统普京。
4． B 从第三段可知，第一眼看到普京时，她还是有些紧张的。
篇9：浅谈高中英语课的导入 (中学英语教学论文) (人教版英语高一)
浅谈高中英语课的导入 (中学英语教学论文)
内容提要：导入是一节课的开始，也是教师进行教学活动的开始，它直接影响到整节课的效率。本文试图从利用文中插图、各种教学媒体，到以学生为中心、教师为主导，来介绍不同的导入手段，以期得到良好的课堂效果。
关 键 词：导入，英语课，兴趣
前言-导入的意义
导入在课堂教学中起着重要的作用，导入恰当与否，直接关系到教学效果的好坏.俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。一堂课如果导入得当，就能直接吸引学生，引起学生的注意，从而使其产生良好的学习动机，极大地调动学生学习的积极性，使课堂气氛变得轻松活泼，课堂活动顺利进行，提高课堂效率。因此，我们应对于不同单元的课题选用不同的导入手段，激发学生学习的兴趣，使学生能主动参与教学过程，为整节课作好准备与铺垫。
英语课堂教学的导入，包括把学生的注意力集中到授课的内容上，复习旧课以导入新课，以及传授新知识各个步骤的过渡。导入得法可以使学生在心理和知识上做好学习的准备，使学生进入良好的学习状态，激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望，从而集中精神学习新的内容。如果呈现新知识的方法单调呆板，平平淡淡，千篇 一律，学生就会产生厌倦情绪。因此，英语课堂教学的导入是一个不容忽视的教学环节，是个值得研讨的课题。而我们对于不同课题的单元可以采用不同的导入手段，因为话题不同学生的喜好程度就不同，对于比较容易引起学生兴趣的课题可以稍做引入马上进入正题；而对于学生不是特别有兴趣的话题可以多花点时间让学生的兴趣浓厚起来以后再入正题这样可以为以后这一单元的学习做好准备。以下是针对新教材的一些话题的几种导入方法。
1.利用Warming up ，通过问答、讨论的形式进行导入
高中英语新教材图文并茂，每一个单元第一部分是Warming up,在这一部分会提供一些图片或对话并针对这些图片或对话提出一些问题，学生通过对图片的描述、问答和教师言简意赅、提纲挈领的导语，逐步引入本课的话题，让学生适度地了解话题的内容，易激发学生内在的学习动力，使课堂气氛活跃；利用文中的插图导入新课，能激活学生认知图式的能力，并使其产生阅读课文以了解信息的愿望，为以下教学铺平道路。如高中新教材一册（上）第三单元 Going Places，这一单元的Warming up 中提供了一些图片，并附有下一个层次的问题；在学生回答完第一部分图片问题需要进一步思考并回答接下来的问题。
图片1已给出实例，学生可根据图片1思考并回答以下三幅图的问题。
T: Now let’s have a look at the picture. What are they doing?
Ss1: In picture 2, the boy is littering.
Ss2: In picture 3, the man is smoking where he shouldn’t.
Ss3: The car is parking where no parking is allowed.
T: Do you think they are doing the right thing?
Ss(together): Of course not!
T: In all these pictures, they are perhaps on their travel. If you have a travel, which means of transportation will you choose? Now I give you some destinations, you should decide the transportation means. First, if you travel from Shanghai to Tokyo, which means of transportation will you choose?
St1: I will go to Tokyo from Shanghai by air.
T: What about from Beijing to Shanghai?
St2: I will go to Shanghai from Beijing by train.
…
通过这种导入方法进入新课，比较自然，学生比较容易能够接受，进行比较顺利，而且占时较短。
2. 充分利用各种教学媒体进行导入
随着经济的发展和科学的进步，各种教学设施日趋完善，电脑、电视机、投影仪、VCD、录像机、录音机等相继进入课堂。在我们学校高中英语课基本每天都会使用课件及投影设备，学生也觉得应用这些先进的教育手段上课他们感到非常有兴趣，对学习也很有帮助。所以，我们充分利用了这些设备进行教学导入。
2．1．直观导入法。直观导入法是指通过具体的实物、图片、简笔画、照片、幻灯片、录音、录像、VCD等手段，导入教学。它往往能直接引起学生的兴趣，将学生的注意力集中起来，直观的手段要比言语描述更为清晰明了，更容易激起学生的好奇心。如在上高中一册（上）第四单元Unforgettable experiences的阅读文章The Rescue时，教师可事先找一些与此有关的录像或VCD片段，通过放映，让学生感受到地震时人们的心情及地震所造成的灾难，从而更好地理解课文。又如在上第五单元The silver screen中的阅读Getting To Know STEVEN SPIELBERG时, 可直接放映由他导演的电影片段，学生往往在笑过之余，更迫切地希望了解STEVEN SPEILBERG的有关背景知识，起到了事半功倍的成效。又如上第十二单元Art and literature的阅读Harry Potter时，如果时间允许可放映电影Harry Potter的部分片断，这部电影学生都非常喜欢，所以能够激发他们学习的热情，增强对文章的理解。再如在上第二单元的阅读文章English Around The World时，教师可充分利用收音机和录音机的功能，选择性转录了BBC和VOA的英语节目，上课时让学生听，然后让他们判断英国英语和美国英语在发音和用词上的区别，加深学生的感性认识,并进而总结出一些典型的英音与美音的差别。
这种导入方法非常贴近学生的生活，学生看得听得津津有味，老师也能够比较容易的掌控整体的注意力。在讲Art and Literature那一单元reading课的导入时，我播放了一段Harry Potter的影片片断，学生特别喜欢，看得意犹未尽之时停放，借而把学生的思绪迁到课上来，效果比较好，因为学生对这部电影很了解也很喜欢，非常容易进入状态，所以利用学生所喜爱的电影导入新课无疑会让学生的思路轻而易举的被老师调动起来。
2．2．音乐欣赏导入法。教师可根据课文的需要，可直接让学生欣赏有关音乐、歌曲，因势利导地组织学生讨论音乐的作者、作品的主题等。如在上第十一单元The sounds of the world时，可让学生先欣赏Country Road （乡村音乐），双截棍（R&B）,jazz, hip-hop , classic 等多种不同种类的歌曲并让学生判断这些歌曲分别属于何种音乐，从而引出The sounds of the world这个话题，进一步说明各种不同种类音乐的概念及特点，使学生感到兴趣盎然，意犹未尽。或者可以以自身为例，请学生欣赏一段My favorite music-Endless Love(蓝色生死恋主题曲),然后让学生谈论自己喜欢的音乐类型及原因。
For example:
Student A: My favourite music is Beijing Opera, because I was born in Beijing . Beijing opera is very traditional in China and it is deeply loved by Beijingers. At first you will find difficult to understand the words in it but after some time I’m really in love with it.
Student B: My favourite music are the songs by Jay Zhou. I think he is cool and I like his style very much. I can sing all the songs by him.
Student C: My favourite music is pop music. Because it is easy for me to understand the words in it and it is easy to follow. I like singing Karoke very much.
…
2．3．背景知识导入法。对于一些历史题材的课文，如在第七单元Cultural relics,第八单元Sports，教师可事先通过各种途径（如上英特网Internet等）找到相关的材料或背景知识，把它们制成幻灯片：或以关键词出现、或以时间为序、或以图片形式展示。教师采用以介绍作者、讨论课文背景为切入口，把学生引入到真实的语境中去，将语言的习得与语言的应用紧密地联系起来，既完成了教学任务又开拓了学生的知识面，符合语言的输入大于输出的原则。下面以第七单元为例来说明背景引入法。
通过先给出这些图片,分别展示了St Petersburg这座城市的历史与现貌，增强学生的感性认识。最后一幅图The city in ruins 引出课文。“Why the city was in ruins? If you want to know, let’s look at the text together.”由于这个问题使学生产生了兴趣，很想进一步了解为什么圣彼得堡这座城市曾经被毁.带着这个问题去读课文能够比较有针对性。结果证实学生的思路能够紧跟老师，并比较踊跃积极地在课文中寻找问题的答案。
3．以学生为中心，把他们言谈、表演作为导入
充分掌握学生的好表演、欲成功等特点，把学生的自由式谈话（Free-talk）、演讲（Speech）、和表演（Act）或作为课堂教学的导入，满足学生的表演欲和成就感。
3．1．自由谈话式（Free-talk）。教师可让学生进行俩俩对话或由值日班长提出话题，各自自由发表看法，也可分组汇报，内容不限，可以是天气、日期、学生的日常活动、新闻话题、社会热点，或是学生感兴趣的话题，如奥运会、足球赛等。教师充分利用学生所讲的内容，并适时地引入主题。
比如：在讲到unit6 Good manners时，可以让学生看图编对话。以教科书中warming up为例：
For example(student’s dialogues)：
Dialogue 1: A: Excuse me. Can I come in?
B: Sure. We’ve already started.
A: I’m sorry. I missed the bus./I was ill and I went to the hospital with my mom./ I went to the restroom…
B: That’s ok. We’re on page 47.
Dialogue 2: A: Excuse me. May I interrupt you for a moment?
B: What is it?, Jordan?
A: I’m sorry, Mr. Baker. I put my homework on your desk./ It is about my paper. I would like to have your suggestions./ I am here to ask some questions about today’s lesson. There are some sentences that I felt rather difficult to understand….
3．2．三分钟演讲。教师让一位学生上台演讲三分钟，演讲的内容可根据演讲者的各自差异进行安排。如成绩滞后的学生可进行课文复述，程度中等的可进行与将要学的主题或与课文相关的内容作演讲。如在上第十单元The world around us时，让学生准备以Environment或pollution为主题演讲，收效良好。而成绩优秀的学生则可以作即兴演讲。因此，教师一定要作好充分的安排，确定有关人员及演讲的主题，把锻炼学生的演讲能力的同时作为一节课的导入。以高二（上）Unit4为例，在讲Integrating Skills那一节课时，我把检查学生作业（Student’s presentation）作为本节课的导入。学生的presentation以”my favourite poem”为题，讲述自己喜欢的英文诗歌以及为什么喜欢，能从中得到什么样的感受或启发。这节课作为我们学校刚刚结束的青年教师优质课展示活动中我的一节公开课，这两名同学的演讲为我的课增色不少，这种导入方式以及这节课的整个设计与安排也得到了听课老师的认可和好评。以下是两名同学的presentation实例。
Presentation 1:
Today, I ’ll show you a poem which is written by my favourite poet, called Tagore.
It goes like this:
One word keeps for me in thy silence,
O world, when I’m dead,
“I have loved.”
Tagore is Indian, and I find this beautiful poem in one of his collection of poem, called Stray Birds. Stray birds means flying birds, Tagore regarded his thoughts as birds flying in the head here and there, so he called his book a strange name.
So you know, I’ll tell you some of my flying thoughts after reading this short but meaningful poem.
First, we can see from the last sentence that is “I have loved”, but why didn’t the writer write down “I have ate my lunch”, “I have slept”, or something else instead?
Well, in my opinion, it’s all because the writer put ‘love’ in the highest position in his life.
As you know, love is the main line of our everyday life. Well, throughout the whole life, it is not only privilege but also a duty.
Besides playing and studying, we have to know how to be others’ friends, how to respect others, and most important-----how to love.
Well, all of us want to be a perfect guy, just like what Tagore wrote, at the time you are mortally ill, you don’t have any pity, but only sweet memory about all kinds of love that you have had. So, never let anything passes by without even notice.
Well, that’s some of my feelings that I want to share with you all. Thanks for listening!
By Tracy
Presentation 2:
Hello everyone! Today I will show you my favorite poem Take Me Home Country Road.
Let’s read the poem first.
I’m sure that most of you have heard the song before. It’s quite famous.
Next, I will show you some words and sentences that may be difficult to understand.
1. “Almost heaven, West Virginia.” refers to “West Virginia is beautiful almost like a heaven.”
西弗吉尼亚像天堂一样美丽.
2. “Growing like a breeze.” It means “Life is growing like a breeze.”(生命像清风一般成长) It’s imaginative, right?
3. “To the place I belong.” It means “My natural end” The phrase “Belong to” means belong.
我的归宿。
4. “Miners’ lady” It means 矿工们的圣母
5. “Driving down the road” It equals to “Driving along the road.”
Pay attention to all the she and her in this poem. They refer to West Virginia.
I love the poem. Because the graceful words show us the beautiful sceneries of West Virginia. From it we can see that the writer loves his hometown deeply. The deep emotion makes me moved.
The poem also makes me think about the life. While the writer gained many things such as private cars, money and colorful life in big cities, he lost the leisure and serenity of the countryside. When he drove along the country road, he was missing his hometown so much. So, which is more important to a person, Money or hometown? If it’s me, I do will choose the second one.
Ok. That’s all I want to tell you. Thanks for your listening!
By Wang Dan
由于高一一年我们比较重视培养学生的听说能力，并要求每班学生自愿结成小组，每组根据自己的兴趣选择本学期一个单元的主题作Presentation. 通过去年一年的训练，学生对于这种发言方式已不再陌生而且能够做到比较充分的准备而且现场发挥得也比较好。这两位同学的presentation之后，由此引入本节课的主题“How to enjoy and appreciate an English Poem?”这种导入方法既检查了作业的完成情况又适当地导入到新课的话题，经济地利用了时间，可谓一举两得。
3．3．课本剧表演。高中英语新教材中许多内容都可以编成课本剧。如第四单元的阅读The Rescue、第六单元的阅读Good Manners At A Dinner Table等。教师事先通过成绩好的学生进行改写成简单易懂的剧本，再由学生进行简单的排练，在上课时进行表演导入，既训练了学生的语言表达能力，又满足了学生的表演欲，使班上的学生在不知不觉中陶醉于英语学习之中。在讲第六单元是由于时间关系没有把这个想法付诸实践，所以这里无法给出实例。
3.4 趣味小测试（quiz）.以高二（上）unit5 Reading为例，在第一节课中学生对British Isles已有一些初步的了解，在进行第二节Reading之前，可用quiz的形式对学生之前的知识进行测试，既复习了旧知识又可以自然过渡到即将要学习的新课上，最重要的一点就是学生对这种竞赛的方式非常有积极性，情绪高涨争先恐后，对新课的学习充满了热情和渴望。以下是Unit5 British Isles导入的实例.
First let the students do a small quiz about the UK
1.“The UK” is the short form of --(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland)
2. What is the capital city of the UK? (London)
3. How many parts is the UK made up of? (4)
4.What are they? (England, Soctland, Wales, Northern Ireland)
5. Match the capital city with the countries.
England Dublin
Wales Belfast
Scotland Cardiff
Northern Ireland Edinburgh
Ireland London
6. Which one is the National flag of the UK? (Three flags are shown on the PPT)
7. Do you know the name of the National anthem? (God Save the Queen)
(同时播放英国国歌让学生边欣赏边思考。)
这种导入的效果从学生的反映上来看非常好，再次证明了本文开始时我的观点“成功的导入使一堂课成功了一半”。因为我认为学英语重要的是感情和兴趣的培养，再有兴趣的情况下以积极的态度学习和枯燥无味的被动的学习是两种效果。在这堂课接下来的过程中学生能够紧跟我的教学步骤，积极的思考表现非常踊跃，这多数应归功于导入的成功。因为学生在处于竞争或比赛的状态之下的时候会比较容易产生积极的思想，整个班级能够很快进入一种热烈的课堂氛围，对下面的教学起到了非常好的促进作用。
4. 以教师的提问为主线，通过师生问答导入教学过程
教师在教学过程中起着主导的作用，除了借助插图、各种媒体、学生的言谈、表演外，更多的时候需要教师的导语。他可以进行提问，使用问题导入法；也可以通过复习，以旧带新进行导入；对课文题目进行讨论，直接破题导入；还可以通过重要的语言点进行导入。
4．1．问题导入法。问题导入法又称悬念导入法。随着学生学习习惯的养成，教师可以单刀直入，直接提出问题，设置悬念，使学生迅速进入课文的讨论中，并有一种“欲知详情，请看课文”的心情。
4．2．以旧带新进行导入。教师要有意识地选择一些与新知识有内在联系的已学过的知识，在温故而知新的原则上，教师或进行对比，或进行“连珠炮似的提问”（Question bombardment）、“突如其来的提问”（Brainstorming），来唤起学生对已学知识的回忆，达到温故而知新的目的。
4．3．破题导入。由于英语课文的体裁多种多样，涉及天文、地理、人文等诸多方面，许多内容是学生所熟悉的。因此，对于学生所熟悉的东西，教师往往可以直接破题而入，收到较好的效果。如在上第八单元的阅读The Olympic Games时，教师可以直接对题目进行导入：
T: What are the Olympic Games?
Ss: They are the World Sports Games that are held every four years.
T: Where were the Games first held?
Ss: In Greece….
……
又如在学习高二（上）Unit2 News Media 时，我这样导入这一新单元。
Lead-in for Unit 2
T: This summer holiday, a big sporting event took place in Athens, Greece. What is it?
Ss: The Olympic Games.
T: How many gold medals have we got? Silver medals? bronze medals?
Ss: We’ve got 32 gold medals, 17 silver medals and 14 bronze medals.
T: How can we know the details of the games?
Ss: By reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV, listening to the radio, also by a website.
T: Yes. In English we call it news media.
……
4．4．语言点导入。教师可根据课中主要语言点，进行设计导入，把枯燥的语言点变成有趣的导入，使学生易于接受。如在上第一单元Good Friends时，有一个语言点“be into”表示“喜欢…”，教师在上复习课时可作如下导入：
T：What is your hobby/interest?
SA: I like swimming.
T: What about you?
SB: I am fond of hiking.
T: So we can say A is into swimming and B is into hiking.
……
结束语
教学过程虽然十分强调学生的一面，但教师的作用依然不可忽视，而导入新课是其中最重要的作用之一。正如英国语言学家H. G. Widdowson (1990:33) 所说：“教师只有协调好日常教学活动（to mediate through everyday pedagogic activity）才能使教和学的双方同时取得可观的实际效果”。因此，教师要充分扮演好这一角色，设计好每节课的导入。
英语课堂教学的导入多种多样，教师应该根据不同类型、不同内容的课选择使用不同的导入手段，其目的只有一个：激发学生学习的兴趣，启迪他们的心智，使学生重塑自信（reassurance），觉得英语课好学、易学，产生兴趣，减少焦虑，达到事半功倍。因此，导入一定要有较强的目的性，让学生明确将要学什么、怎么学、为什么要学；它要具有较好的相关性，善于以旧拓新，温故而知新；它更要具有趣味性和启发性，能引人注目，颇有风趣，形成悬念，引人入胜，发人深思。
篇10：重视高中起始阶段英语学习的过渡 (中学英语教学论文)
福建师大附中外语组 陈黎玲
刚迈入高中校门的学生在英语学习时面临着从初中阶段向高中阶段的过渡问题，这是高中起始阶段英语学习的关键。因此，高中起始阶段的英语教师十分有必要了解初、高中英语教学大纲的差异，熟悉初、高中教材的内容，然后根据刚升入高中学习的学生的心理特点和思维特点，制定相应的教学目标，有的放矢地采取切实可行的教学方法，指导学生学习，充分发挥教师在教学中的主导作用和学生作为教学主体的能动性，帮助学生实现初高中的自然衔接和平稳过渡。
通过对初高中教学大纲中教学目的及听、说、读、写、词汇等方面的教学要求的比较，不难看出高中的要求比初中有了较大的提高。例如，高中教学目的的要求是发展听说读写的基本技能，培养在口头上、书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，这比起初中使学生获得英语基础知识和为交际而初步运用英语的能力是一个大的飞跃。听的方面由初中的听懂课堂用语到高中听懂用所学的语言谈及的日常生活内容，语速的要求也大大提高，达到110-120个词/分钟。说的方面由初中简单的课文问答、复述、看图说话发展到高中的讨论、连贯复述听过读过的文段、围饶日常生活各方面话题进行初步交际。阅读方面的要求也由初级阶段向高层次转化，不仅理解主要事实把握中心思想，找出主要逻辑线索的时空顺序，而且能推断生词意思，理解作者态度和观点，进行判断想象。写作方面也由初中写简单句子到高中能连词成篇。词汇方面要求在初中600-700个单词基础上再掌握500-600个单词及一定数量的固定搭配。由此可见，高中教材比初中教材内容多，难度大，程度深，要求高。但高中阶段仍需贯彻交际教学思想，这就要求教师在教学安排、教学方法的使用和教学活动的组织上尽可能结合生活实际，创设实际情景，充分发挥学生在初中阶段已初步形成的运用英语进行交际的能力，并使之提高到一个新的阶段。
一． 认真研究学生的现状及对策
由于初高中分设，升入高中起始年级的学生来自十几所甚至几十所学校，一个教学班的生源相对复杂，学生原来在初中阶段形成的英语学习的习惯不同，能力水平参差不齐，参与课堂教学活动的积极性主动性也不同，再加上刚到新学校新班级进入新环境，接受新教师授课，存在一个适应阶段。高中英语学习在教学目的和教学要求方面的要求提高也对起始阶段学生的学习产生一定的影响。若不重视起始阶段的英语教学，帮助学生顺利完成过渡，学生就容易在英语学习方面遭受挫折，产生厌学情绪，丧失学习的主动性和自信心，就更谈不上寻求有效的学习方法解决学习中存在的问题了，学习能力自然低下。因此，起始阶段教师必须指导学生学习。根据这三年来我在高一工作的教学摸索，我觉得应在起始阶段让学生做到以下几个方面：
1．明确学习目的
许多学生对学习英语的目的不是很明确，只是为了高考而学习英语，并没有意识到英语是一门工具性学科，将对我们今后的学习、工作和生活产生极大的影响。没有明确的学习目的，就没有强大的学习动力。当然，学生正确的学习目的不是自然而然地产生，它是逐步发展形成的，这其中需要教师的点拨。
2．端正学习态度
学习态度首先同学习的价值观念密不可分。为何要学？学了有何用？这些看法直接影响学生的学习态度。其次学习态度同学习情绪情感有关，学生是接受学习还是拒绝学习，对学习过程及学习结果持有什么样的评价，对学习是喜欢还是讨厌，是愉快还是焦虑，是迷恋还是厌倦。部分学生往往在起始阶段学习英语过程中因受挫折，取得的成绩不理想，就对英语学习感到灰心害怕，甚至有时产生厌学情绪。教师就应该在整个学习过程中都要注意培养学生不怕困难、勤奋好学的学习态度。
3．培养良好的学习习惯
习惯是人们长期养成的不易改变的语言、思维、行为方式。习惯的养成需要严格要求，严格训练，它一经形成就有稳定的特性，成为一种自动化行为。良好的学习习惯对于学生成长起十分重要的作用。所以，在高一起始阶段让学生养成良好的学习习惯，对英语学习有重要意义。在教学中教师应着重培养学生专心学习的习惯、仔细认真的习惯、讲求效率的习惯、虚心好问的习惯。教师可以在课堂中创设轻松愉快地开口说英语的环境，在精心设计的语言实践活动中，鼓励学生大胆积极地参与，养成经常使用英语的习惯，并且要求学生认真听，多观察，多模仿，认真做笔记，做到书写规范整洁。
4．掌握使用科学的学习方法
现实生活中有些学生确实很努力，老师讲的每句话都记，都背，但就是不会把学到的知识灵活运用，仅能听说书本上的现成材料，对原句稍作变动，便无所适从；有些学生抓不住重点，只是死记零碎片面的知识，学习成绩还是提不高。学习有其自身的规律，光靠拼时间拼精力是不行的，必须掌握科学的学习方法。起始阶段教师需要给学生以具体的辅导，需要培养学生刻苦学习的精神，更需要帮助学生掌握科学的学习方法，而不是简单地传授知识?quot;授人鱼不如教人渔“。教师可以结合学生的学习教给他们一些学习方法。
（1） 先计划后学习
计划要从实际出发，做到全面，重点突出，又具针对性，既要有长计划，又要有短安排，有时还得根据实际情况调整计划，使之更符合实际。计划若是订得太满，目标太高，学生总完不成任务就会泄气，执行计划的积极性就会受到挫伤。计划一经制定，就得执行，可以将计划列表张贴登记，督促学生执行计划。
（2） 先预习后听讲
现在多数学生不预习就听讲，这是一种不正确的学习方法。预习是一种课前自学，预习了才知道难点、重点是什么，适当时做些预习笔记，不懂的地方在哪里，心中有数，听讲才能更主动。预习后由于对知识有个大致的了解，因此容易与教师产生共鸣，配合默契。教师可以给学生布置适当的预习作业，在课堂上检查，有时会收到意想不到的效果。例如在教授SEFC BI Lesson 2之前，我就布置学生用一句话或一词组概括每段大意，同时准备回答以下问题：
What does Charlie do on the farm?
How do they work?
What do they usually do at weekends?
How many time areas are there in the States?
第二天课堂上，大多数学生都给出了他们概括的大意，有的学生用词组，有的用句子，但都很准确，回答问题就更不用说了。由于事先预习工作做得好，这堂课进行得很顺利，学生当场就能复述课文里的内容，效果颇佳。我还组织他们进行了小讨论,讨论的题目是” the things which are the same in China“。学生因为对课文较熟悉，就用刚学到的英语句子来表达，讨论的兴致很浓，又学以致用。当然，不同类型的课，预习的要求也就不同，要根据实际情况来安排设计，不能千篇 一律。
听讲也需要指导，有些学生不专心听讲，边听边玩，有些学生专心听讲，但抓不住要领，不会听思路。教师要让学生专心听而且会听，既抓住重点，又跟着老师一起动脑，不但学知识、记结论，更重要学思路，力争当堂理解当堂记忆。根据心理学的研究表明，学生的注意力最多持续二十多分钟，教师可在课堂上充分运用有意注意和无意注意相互转换的规律来组织教学。上课之初，教师可通过新颖的导入方式把学生停留在上一节课或其他的注意转移到本节课来，对新课产生有意注意；讲授新的教学内容时，可以要求学生对教学内容产生无意注意；突破重点难点时，则必须设法让学生保持有意注意，充分理解和思考；当学生保持一段时间的高度紧张的有意注意后，教师又要改变教学方式，结合教学内容讲授有趣的例子，使学生适当轻松，转为无意注意；在课结束时，教师要提出明确要求，使学生保持有意注意，然后布置作业。指导学生突破重难点，需要经常训练。教师还得让学生知道听课时千万不要钻牛角尖，有问题可以先做记号，课后再解决，这样才能保证听课的连续性。
（3） 先复习后做作业
根据艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线，遗忘总是先快后慢，刚学的知识若不复习，很快就会忘掉一大半，如果及时复习，趁热打铁，就不容易遗忘了。任何学习都是一个”由薄到厚“”由厚到薄“的过程，积累知识是”由薄到厚“过程，复习就是”由厚到薄“的过程，教师应指导学生把学过的知识进行加工、整理、筛选，去粗取精，抓纲目，把知识消化、记牢，有时还可借助运用小卡片等来复习单词词组。
作业更应该仔细认真按时完成，这不仅包括笔头作业，还包括口头作业，通过作业，可以巩固在课堂上所学的知识，形成熟练的技能技巧，可以发展智力，提高能力，还可以锻炼意志力和自我约束的能力，培养严肃认真的劳动态度和不怕困难的好品质。尤其是英语科的听说读写的能力的提高，更离不开平时训练和积累。
（4） 先独立思考后请教别人
刚升入高中的学生，在初中时，多数养成了遇到困难就依赖别人帮助解决的坏习惯，不爱动脑思考。作为起始阶段的教师不能再包办代替，一定要注意多启发，多反问，要鼓励学生想问题、提问题、钻研问题、解决问题。只给学生指思路，不给学生现成答案，要让学生多问自己。有一次，学生在写作时要表达”在长城上天气比这儿要凉多了。“的意思。百分之七十的学生不约而同地写出了这样中国式的英语句子?quot;The Great Wall is colder than here.”批改完习作后，我将这一病句写在黑板上，让学生仔细琢磨这句话的主语，学生思考了一阵子，很快就意识到要比较的是天气而不是长城，抓住了问题所在，学生就轻松地给出了正确答案：“It is cooler on the Great Wall than here.”所以，遇到学生拿着问题来要答案时，我一般要求他们先思考，给学生指出思路帮助他们自己找到正确答案。久而久之，学生也就养成了先独立思考问题，分析问题，再解决问题的习惯。
（5） 先打好基础后灵活思维运用
学习知识要踏踏实实，打好基础。英语科更是如此，没有单词和词组做基础，听说读写能力的提高就不可能实现。所以，在高中起始阶段，要重视词汇和基本语法的学习和掌握，在扩大词汇量的基础上，培养学生尽可能用多种方式来表达同一意思，鼓励学生用所学过的简单的英语参与课堂活动，做到活学活用。
二． 教师应持有的态度和可采用的方法
起始阶段的衔接工作成了高一教学的当务之急，教师不仅要了解熟悉教学大纲中教学目的和教学要求的差异，指导学生正确的学习方法外，还得研究有效的策略方法，在课堂中激发学生学习的兴趣，调动学生学习积极性，这是提高学生学习质量的关键。要想做到这一点，教师就必须在备课时花较多的心思精心设计，灵活处理教材，在课堂上努力提高课堂效率，真正做到教师主导和学生主体有机结合。
首先，起始阶段的高一教师应先通读初中教材，尤其是长期在高中教学没有上过初中教材的教师更有必要通读，教师可以充分利用旧知识带出新知识，这样做便于初高中知识的衔接，以老促新，有利于新知识的掌握与理解，又能对旧知识进行不定时复习，强化巩固了旧知识。例如，JBIII, Unit1 Lesson 2 English Names 和JBIII, Unit16 Lesson 62 The English Language 介绍了有关英语人名和英语语言使用的情况，我就根据这两个单元内容创设情境，抓住学生好表现的心理特点，让学生充当校园小记者采访外籍教师，提问初中所学的内容，然后引出SBI, Unit 3 American English 新课的教学，阅读学习英国英语、美国英语的不同特点。学生由于对初中的知识还记忆犹新，斡牖疃的积极性很高，所以创设情景对话做得很成功，对学习新知识又作了铺垫，达到事半功倍的效果。再如，在教授SBI, Unit 5 Lesson 18 The Great Hills of Tangsa 新课之前,我结合JBIII, Unit 18 Lesson 70 The Great Green Wall 的内容，设计了问题“Why do Chinese people build the great green wall?”要求学生回答，引出另一个问题“What has happened to the village of Tangsa?”，带着这个问题，学生阅读并理解了新课，很快回答了有关课文的问题，效果颇佳。
其次，教师备课时准备要充分，应先整体熟悉内容再分课备课，抓住本单元和前后单元的联系，找准每课重点、难点，进行突破。要不，教师就易犯急功近利的毛病，不知该讲到哪一点为止，恨不得把所掌握的知识全部传授给学生，不管学生是否能接受。教师还应在备课时要特别注意问题的设计要有层次感，尤其是能引起学生发散性思考的问题。
再次，教师还要注意在课堂教学过程中，作为教学组织者，应充分发挥学生作为学习者和教学参与者的主体能动性，让学生学得主动活泼，使教学活动成为教师的教和学生的学组成的双边活动，课堂成为教师和学生、学生和学生的情感信息交流的场所。为此，教师在实践课堂教学过程时，应尽量做到以下几点：
1．开端引趣，激发学生学习欲望，进行有效导入
好的开端，是成功的一半。为了营造良好的英语氛围，引发学生的兴趣和注意，导入的环节很重要。教师可根据需要采用不同形式的导入方式，如 Duty Report、Role Play、Listening to a story等，或是借助实物、图片、肢体语言等形式，只要效果良好就可以。例如，在教授SBI, Unit 5 Lesson 17 Growing Cabbages时，我就利用实物花盆、种子、泥土、工具等实际操作来导入新课。学生一边看我示范，一边听我用英语叙述，兴致很高，知识掌握得较好。又如，在SBI, Unit 11 Country Music Lesson 41时，我给学生播放了乡村音乐的代表人物约翰丹佛代表作《Country Road》，在优美的音乐声的导引下，学生饶有兴致地学完了对话，又对美国乡村音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣，不用我布置预习作业，学生又自觉地将Lesson 42预习好了。
2．创设情景，突出交际，联系实际
注意创设情景，给学生提供语言实践的机会，这一点很多教师都注意到了，也尽量朝这个方向努力。但我认为创设情景也要注意联系实际，这样便于学生理解掌握。SBI, Unit 7 Earthquakes 是教授大自然灾害地震的有关内容，第一次接触时，台湾“921”大地震刚刚发生，福州地区也有余震，人们能很明显地感觉到地震，甚至有人还采取了应对措施。在学完这单元的内容时，我设计了一个Discussion的环节，让学生们结合“921”大地震的实际经历描述Earthquakes的情形以及如何防御地震带来的灾害时，学生们争相发言，有的同学还表示对台湾同胞的深切问候，课堂气氛浓厚，达到寓德于教的良好效果。
3．面向全体，抓住重点，突破难点
教师还应注意到不管是新课的导入，还是课堂的语言交际实践活动，都应该围绕每课的重点难点展开的。重点常是每课的基本知识和基本技能，难点往往是英汉语的文化差异、语言习惯差别以及新的知识点中出现似是而非的、形同义异、形异义同的知识。教师要充分考虑学生的年龄特征和身心发展水平，围绕讲课的重点难点而安排的活动应考虑大多数学生的接受能力，立足中间，照顾两头，抓住知识的内在联系，由简到繁，由易到难，循序渐进，处理好知识的衔接，切忌不切实际的提高。对程度较好的学生，可以鼓励他们继续掌握更高层次的知识；对学习有困难的学生，应积极启发，多给予帮助，多表扬，少批评，帮助他们树立信心，努力追赶。只有这样，学生的主动性才能最大限度地发挥出来，教师的主导作用才算发挥得好。
4．利用现代化教学手段，提高课堂效率
随着经济的发展和科学的进步，各种教学设施日趋完善，录音机、录象机、电视机、投影仪、幻灯机、电脑、VCD等相继进入课堂，教师应充分利用这些现代化教学手段进行教学，使语言学习和语言使用更加紧密，而不能光为使用这些手段而使用这些手段。在中学教学中最常见的是录音机和投影仪，投影仪能将辅助教学的图表、语言知识要点、归纳小节等呈现出来，使学生一目了然，有效地提高了时间利用率，增加了课堂的容量，学生听课的效率也会提高。
总之，教师要认真学习初高中教学大纲的要求，根据刚入学的高中生心理和思维特点，选择实施适当的教学方法，充分发挥指导帮助学生的作用，使师生共同重视高中起始阶段的英语学习的过渡衔接问题，采取有效措施，真正做到“防患于未然”。这样，学生在起始阶段英语学习过程中就能少遇一些挫折，少走一些弯路，教师的教学质量也能得以提高。
篇11：高中英语教材的发展与《牛津英语》的引进改编 (中学英语教学论文)
作者： 上海教育出版社 程 林
20世纪末21世纪初,我国启动了新一轮国家基础教育课程改革,随即制定了新的《英语课程标准》。新课程标准对英语教材的编写工作提出了新的要求。英语教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要依据和手段,它的使用将影响一代人的发展。因此,编写科学的、符合新的课程理念的、高质量的、有特色的英语教材是时代的要求。
一、新《课程标准》观念下的教材分析
1. 《课程标准》的基本理念
教材是课程的核心,课程标准是教材编写的准则和依据。新课程改革基本理念变化之一是,以知识为本的课程观转向以人的发展为本的课程观。高中英语课改的目的是为每个学生创设未来发展的平台和机会,以人为本,尊重学生的个性差异,注重多维性、可测性、层次性和发展性。因此,新课标下的高中英语课程设计以学分制的方式设置必修课程和选修课程,同时又按照学生语言能力的发展,设置相应的教学级别和语言水平测试级别。在新课标中,以人为本的课程观还表现在学习方式的要求上。学生通过积极主动的学习,通过体验、参与和探究构建自己的知识体系,发挥自己的学习潜能,发展自主学习的能力。最后,逐渐完善评价体系,采用形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方式,使学生有效地调控自己的学习过程,增强信心,不断发展。
2. 现行教材的局限性
新课标指出:“目前高中英语教材格局单一,缺乏灵活性和选择性。地域发展差异、教学条件和教师整体水平的差异以及学生学习兴趣和能力的差异,要求高中英语课程具有更大的弹性和选择性。”显然,中国地广人多,地区发展不均衡,一两套教材难以满足现状。依据新课标以及教学实践中出现的问题来看,现行教材的局限性主要表现在以下几个方面:
(1)理念方面
现行高中英语教材均是按照10年前的教学大纲编写的。这些教材与新形势下的课程改革对高中英语课程提出的新要求(即:以人的发展为本,尊重个体差异,培养学生综合能力和人文素养)是有差距的。同时,现行教材编写时顾及全国,而各地英语教学条件和发展很不均衡,因此在编写思想和内容安排上与新标准也有差距,不能给学生提供多种选择,无法适应他们的个性差异。
(2)结构体系方面
现行教材采用了结构功能体系,它较之旧教材以语法项目为主要脉络的编写体系已有很大进步,它体现了当时极具影响力的交际教学思想,强调语言的功能和意义第一性,以培养学习者交际能力为目的。但是教材中的这些功能项目是孤立的,而且基于每个功能安排的教学活动也是彼此独立的,缺乏相应的内在联系。
(3)教学法方面
现行教材虽然吸收了现代英语教学理论---交际法的一些思想,但受当时历史条件的限制以及教师观念、师资水平、教学设备、语言环境等的局限,一些先进的教学思想无法在教材中得到充分体现。近年来,任务型语言教学在外语界引起广泛重视,它是交际教学思想的一种发展。任务型语言教学通过学生之间的互动过程,用英语交流信息,完成任务,提供可理解的输出。交际教学和任务型教学的一个根本区别就在于,前者强调“学会用英语交际”,它的目标是预先设定的,规定学习者要学会哪些“语言功能”以及它的表现形式,继而通过交际活动完成这个目标。后者则强调“用英语去做事”,在做中学,教学过程由同一个任务统领。任务型学习为课堂教学实践提供一个途径,学生积极主动参与,从而调动学生的内在动机,发展他们的认知策略,培养他们的合作精神、参与意识和语言能力。
(4)内容方面
由于社会发展迅速,现行教材已经不能很好地体现时代性:有些对话不贴近现实生活,有的语言材料老化;语言表达不够自然和生动,过于强调语言知识结构,为强调语法的由浅入深,语言和语境的真实性受到限制,不能满足现实交际的需要;练习设计比较呆板,且趋向固定形式,过于程序化的练习设计不利于学生实际语言运用能力的培养和提高;词汇总量偏小,有效词汇的占有量不够高,不少低频词汇给学生增加了负担。
(5)形式方面
目前,国内教材在版面设计上较传统教材新颖,也做到图文并茂,双色或四色印刷。但与国外教材相比,现行教材在版式、字体、绘图、色彩运用等方面还有相当差距。
二、《牛津英语》的引进和改编
1. 改编宗旨
这套教材原为我国香港地区、台湾地区和一些亚洲国家重点中小学的11年系列化教材On Target和Oxford English。在引进这套教材之前,上海作了充分的调查研究和试验,改编工作才随之启动。
牛津英语教材的改编宗旨是:根据我国外语教学的国策与国情,采用先进的英语教育理念,坚持以人的发展为本和以培养学生语言能力为基础。在教材中,充分体现和落实素质教育思想,突出对学生综合语言能力的培养。力求提高所有学生的外语基础能力和综合语言能力,鼓励学以致用,帮助高中毕业生实现一门外语基本过关的目标,以适应终身学习、工作和生活对外语的基本要求。
与上述改编宗旨和指导思想相适应,这套教材对高中英语教学进行通盘考虑,保证各学段课程的有机衔接,体现课程的灵活性和可操作性,实现教育资源的充分利用。适应对象是教学和师资总体条件较好的地区和学校。
2. 编写体系和主要特点
牛津英语教材的编写体系为“building blocks”(模块建筑体系),采用“功能---结构---主题---任务”相结合的途径设计教材。这套教材的基本立足点是,把学生作为英语学习的主体,通过教学活动,使学生的语言概念、语言实践和语言能力在原有的“模块”基础上得到拓宽和加深,从而实现持续发展。教材十分重视鼓励学生使用规范的英语,在设置的各种真实生动的情境中积极参与“任务”和“活动”,从而体现语言学习的激励性、工具性和交际性功能。该教材有以下特点:
(1)以人为本,关注人的发展
教材强调以学生为中心(learner-centred),把培养学生的语言综合能力和适应学生终身学习、工作和生活对外语的基本要求作为出发点和目标。
(2)倡导“任务型”的教学途径
任务型教学(Task-based Approach)是近年来交际教学思想的一种发展。简言之,就是让学生用“英语”去做事,使学生通过大量的伙伴活动和小组活动获得语言运用的机会。这不仅增加了他们语言输入和输出的量,培养他们以语言为工具解决专项任务(如调查、采访等)的运用能力,而且有利于学生的学习兴趣、热情和积极性的充分调动和保护。“以任务为主”是牛津英语教材的特点。在一个主题下,教师根据“任务”设计教学计划,进行教学活动,各项活动和练习之间存在内在延续性。譬如,《牛津英语》(上海版)高中一年级第一学期(试验本)Chapter 3 Places of Interest,内容围绕Sunbeam Travel旅行社职员Mr Yang、Debbie和游客的观光活动展开,听说读写的训练以真实的观光、购物以及在这个过程中遇到的情况为背景,采用解决问题和完成任务的形式来进行。
(3)语言材料的编排设计体现了科学性、灵活性和开放性的特点
该套教材是原版引进改编本,语言地道、真实、自然、接近生活,学生可以最大限度地贴近和实践真实语言是该教材的一个鲜明特点。整套教材内容的选择考虑到题材和体裁的多样性,练习和活动形式活泼、开放,能从学生的兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作和交流的学习方式。
关于教材设计的组织形式,杜宾和奥尔西顿(Dubin & Olshtain)认为主要有五种:直线式、循环式、单元式、矩阵式和故事式。
(4)配套齐全
牛津英语教材除了学生课堂用书外,还有教师用书、练习册、活动册、挂图、卡片、音像带、光盘、配套读物等多种辅助材料,使这套教材成为一套立体化的现代英语教材。
(5)版式设计新颖,生动形象,引人入胜
牛津英语教材版式设计让人有耳目一新之感。
★ 教学工作总结反思
★ 高一英语教学计划
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