词汇部分专项复习(新目标版九年级英语下册教学论文)（共13篇）由网友“sky11011”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家推荐的词汇部分专项复习(新目标版九年级英语下册教学论文)，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
篇1：词汇部分专项复习(新目标版九年级英语下册教学论文)
词汇部分专项复习
一、构词法
1．动词→名词
work→worker invent→inventor teach→teacher sing→singer
visit→visitor drive→driver invent→invention operate→operation
2．名词→名词
farm→farmer police→policeman French→Frenchman
3．名词→形容词
care→careful use→useful
sun→sunny cloud→cloudy wind→windy rain→rainy
America→American China→Chinese
interest→interesting difference→different ice→icy
4．形容词→副词
quick→quickly happy→happily
possible→possibly true→truly
polite→politely wide→widely
5．形容词→反义词
happy→unhappy usual→unusual able→unable
二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释
例如：look after－take care of
right away－at once
right now－now
have a rest－take a rest
in the middle of－in the centre of
do well in－be good at
三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法
例如：
1．right adj．正确的
I'm wrong．You are right．我错了你是对的。
adv．恰恰，正好
It's right on your head．它正好在你头上。
n．右边
Li Ming sits on my right．李明坐在我右边。
2．back n．背，后背，后部
adv．向后，回原处
Put your hands behind your back．（n．）把手放在背后。
He'll be back（adv．）in ten minutes．他十分钟后回来。
3．poor adj．贫穷的；可怜的；不好的
He was too poor to buy a new coat．他穷得买不起一件新外套。
The poor old man had no room to live in．这位可怜的老人没有地方住。
I'm poor at singing．我不擅于唱歌。
4．call v．称呼，取名；呼唤，叫来；大声说，叫喊
n．叫，喊 （一次）电话，通话
The boy was called Mingming．这个男孩被叫做明明。
You'd better call a doctor．你最好请位医生。
I hear someone calling．我听见有人在叫。
I heard a call for help．我听到呼救的声音。
I'll give you a call later．我以后再给你打电话。
四、同义词（近义词），反义词（对应词）的词类及用法
例如：
1．any和some
二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑问句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some代替any。
I can see some flowers in the garden．
I can't see any trees there．
Would you like some water?
2．borrow lend
borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”
lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……”“借出”
──Will you please lend me your bike?
──Sorry, I've lent it to Tom．
──Thank you all the same．I'll borrow it from others．
3．take, bring, carry
take：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：
Bring your book here tomorrow．
Could you take it to the classroom?
carry是随身携带，不表明来去的方向，如：
I can't carry the box．It's too heavy．
4．find, look for, find out
find意为“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out 是“发现、查明（真相）”
I can't find my ticket．
I'm looking for it．
They are trying to find out who broke the window．
5．look, see, watch
look是“看”，经常和at搭配，look at 看…… 如：Look at the picture．
see是“看见”。如：Can you see the picture?
watch是“观看”如：I was watching TV at ten yesterday．
6．other, the other, others, another
other可作为形容词，意为“其他的”如：What other things can you see?
要注意掌握one…the other的用法，表示（两者中的）一个…另一个，如：
I have two balls．One is red, the other is green．
others泛指另外的人或物。the others表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”，如：
Some students are playing basketball, （the）others are playing football．
another意为“另一个”。如：I want another apple．
7．speak, say, talk, tell
speak重在指人们对语言的掌握或使用。say强调说话的内容，talk指交谈或连续说话, 常与with或to搭配。tell意为告诉。如：
I can speak a little English．
He said he was going to be a teacher．
What are they talking about?
Can you tell me the way to the cinema?
8．too, also, either
too, also, either都表示“也”。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否定句。如：
I am a teacher, too．
She is also a teacher．
He isn't a teacher, either．
9．reach, arrive, get to
三者都表示到达。“get to +地点”多用于口语。reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。arrive是不及物动词，要用介词in或at再加地点，较大地点用in，较小的地点用at, 如：
Have they arrived in Beijing?
They reached Beijing last night．
I get to school at seven every day．
10．cost, pay, spend
cost的主语只能是“物”，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主语。cost表示“值（多少）钱”“花费”，spend表示“花费”“度过”。pay表示付款。
可以记住下列句型：
1）主语（物）＋cost＋sb．＋sth．
2）主语（人）＋spend＋...＋ in doing sth. / on sth.
3）pay与for连用，主语（人）＋pay for ...
请看例句：
I paid ten yuan for the book．
I spend ten yuan on the book．
The book cost me ten yuan．
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：中考复习系列一 词汇 (人教版九年级英语下册教学论文)
中考复习系列一 词汇
一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词；
2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）；
3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive – driver, use – useful；
4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
5、理解词类转化，例如：water (n.) – water (v.)
二、词汇考查点分项说明：
1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类
1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词）。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上，了解其词类（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。
2） 针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但一般无难题，基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现过。
请看以下几道例题：
1. Shanghai is a large c t in China.
2. Adam often helps me a lot. He is my best f nd.
3. I can’t carry the box. It’s too h v .
4. The man is very poor. He had no m n to buy food.
5. ---How often do you play football?
--- Tw a week.
6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w t the flowers everyday.
7. Summer is the hottest s son in the year.
8. --- Can you sp the word?
--- Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table.
9. He was so excited that he couldn’t f l asleep last night.
10. Everyone had a good time at the party. It was a p_ _ _ s _ _ _ evening.
( Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. season 8. spell 9. fall 10. pleasant )
3） 了解英文的词类：
英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、代词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词、感叹词。
词类 英语名称（简称） 意 义 例 词
名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人、事物时间、地点或抽象概念的名称 John
room
冠词 Articles (art.) 用于名词之前，帮助说明名词的含义 a an
the
数词 Numerals (num.) 表示数量或顺序 nine
first
代词 Pronouns (pron.) 代替名词、数词以避免重复 them
everything
形容词 Adjectives (adj.) 表示人或事物的属性或特征 good
interesting
副词 Adverbs (adv.) 修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，表示行为特征或性状特征 almost
bravely
动词 Verbs (v.) 表示动作、状态或性质 stand
be
介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词与其它词之间的关系 near
from
连词 Conjunction (conj.) 连接单词、短语、从句或句子 and
but
感叹词 Interjection(interj.) 表示说话时的语气或感情 hello
oh
在上述的十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分。
2、了解构词法的基本知识
在英语中，一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系，把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法。构词的方法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。
1) 派生法
在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀，从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1．常用前缀
前缀 意义 例词
un- 不 unknown未知的
unhappy不高兴的
dis- 不，否定 dislike不喜欢 discover发现
re- 再，重复 retell复述
mid- 中 mid-night半夜 mid-term期中
mis- 误会 misunderstand误会
bi- 双 bicycle自行车
il- 不，非 illegal非法的
in- 不，非 informal非正式的
im- 不，非 impossible不可能的
ir- 不，非 irregular不规则的
inter- 间，相互 international国际的
tele- 远 telephone电话
2．常用后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-er 动作者，人 teacher教师
-or 动作者，人 visitor参观
-ian 人 musician音乐家
-ess 女性 actress女演员
-ese 人，语言 Chinese中国人，汉语
-ese (地方、人)的 Japanese日本（人）的
-hood 身份、状态 childhood童年
-ity （抽象名词） ability能力
-th 过程，结果 death死亡
-ness 状态、性质 happiness快乐
-ship 状态、身份 friendship友谊
-tion 动作、状态 action行为
-ure 动作、结果 pleasure快乐
-an （地方、人）的 Canadian加拿大人（的）
-ed 有，像 talented有才华的
-en …的 wooden木制的
-ern (表示方向) southern南方的
-ful 充满 meaningful有意义的
-less 不、无 useless没用的
-ly …地 carefully细心地
-en 使…变得 weaken削弱、（使）变弱
-fy 使…化 satisfy（使）满意
-ize,-ise 使…化 modernize（使）现代化
-teen 十几 thirteen十三
-ty 几十 thirty三十
-th 第… ninth第九
（二）转化法
转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形，而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有密切的联系。
May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗？（动词转化为名词）
Let him have a try. 让他试试。（动词转化为名词）
Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗？（名词转化为动词）
The hall can seat thousands of people. 大厅能坐数千人。（名词转化为动词）
She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。（形容词转化成动词）
You’d better empty the bottle first. 你最好把瓶子先倒空。（名词转化为动词）
It’s necessary to know the difference between right and wrong.
有必要知道对错之间的区别。（形容词转化成名词）
They often help the poor.
他们经常帮助穷人。（形容词转化成名词）
We began to drive north.
我们开始向北行驶。 （名词转化成副词）
There were lots of ups and downs in his life.
他的一生中有许多的起起落落。 （副词转化成名词）
（三）合成法
把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词，这种构词法成为合成法。
1．合成形容词
He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。
He is an open-minded leader. 他是一名思想开明的领导。
What a kind-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩！
This is a good-looking a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。
Taking a taxi is time-saving. 乘坐出租车很省时。
He has heard the heart-breaking news. 他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。
It’s dangerous to walk on this ice-covered road.
行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。
How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱？
Chinese people are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。
2．合成名词
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗？
Her handwriting is much better than mine. 她的书法比我的要好得多。
The waiting-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。
The water in the swimming-pool is clear, like a blue mirror.
游泳池里的水很清澈，像一面镜子。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
He plants lots of flowers in his green-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。
They are playing games on the playground. 他们在操场上做游戏。
The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。
He is my brother-in-law. 他是我的姐夫。
I’m not a good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。
The plant is called forget-me-not. 这种植物叫含羞草。
3．合成动词
Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。
He is undergoing great suffering. 他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。
It’s hard to white-wash the huge wall. 粉刷这面大墙是很难的。
The man was blacklisted. 这个人被列入了黑名单。
4．合成副词
She lives downstairs. 她住在楼下。
If you look eastwards, you can see the sea. 如果你往东看，能够看到大海。
3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
1）初中阶段比较常见的短语：
同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材，将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结，对于其中比较容易混淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。
2）初中阶段比较常见的习语有：
1. too… to
2. so.. that…
3. It’s time for sb. to do sth.
4. both…. and..
5. either…or…
6. neither… nor…
7. not… until…
8. not only… but also…
9. as… as…
10. not as (so)… as…
11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
12. It’s good (bad) for…
13. as soon as
14. used to do
15. some… others…
16. be angry with…
17. be different from
18. one… the other…
19. take sb. to a place
20. Thank you for doing sth.
21. get ready to do sth.
22. …one of…
23. get on well with …
24. sb. spend… on…
25. buy… for…
26. be interested in…
27. You’d better…
28. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
29. enjoy doing
30. be good at…
4、理解词类转化
在英语中，不少词可以属于几个词类，如water( 水、浇水；名词和动词)；work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快；形容词和副词），since（自从；介词和连词）等。
三、巩固练习
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
l. What colour is Ann's skirt? It's r____d.
2.We often play g____mes after school.
3.Put your r____ler and your pen in the pencil-box.
4.My parents work f____ ve days a week.
5.There are a lot of cars and buses in the str____t.
6.Don't open the wind ____ . It's cold outside.
7.How do you usually go to school? By b__ k __.
8.There are a lot of flowers in the g __ d ___.
9.Winter comes after a ___ n.
10. Trees turn gr___n in spring.
11. L__sson One is easy.
12. Can you make a c__ke?
13. This box is small. Give me a b__g one.
14. A d__g is running after a cat.
15. We cl___n the classroom every day.
② 根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1.If you are ill , you must go to h_______ .
2.We all know Beijing is the c_______ of China .
3.D________ ,25th is Christmas Day .
4.We can see s________ at night when it's fine .
5.You can come here b_______ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .
6.I hope you have a good time on you j______ .
7.Could you tell me w_______ the nearest post office is ?
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.There are two ________in the basket. (egg)
2.This is my pencil. That one is ________. (your)
3.Who is _______, Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)
4.We live on the ______ floor. (twenty)
5. I can see three _______ on the desk. (pen)
6. This room is _______. It isn't yours. (our)
7. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _______ are.” (your)
8. Lin Lin is the ______ in our class. (young)
9. We live on the _______ floor. (seven)
10. Li Lei is _______ than Lin Tao. (old)
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ river in China. (long)
12.Wei Hua gave me two______ yesterday.(book)
13.That pen isn't yours. It's ______ .(her)
14.The ______ lesson is very easy.(six)
15.John is ______ than Sam.(tall)
16.Can you help ______ with my English? (I)
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1、我用了两个小时修车。
It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike.
2、直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。
He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
3、他和我都不是老师。
______ he _______ I am a teacher.
4、他从小就对数学感兴趣。
He became ________ in maths when he was ________.
5、你最好乘火车。
You'd _______ ______ a train.
6、是时候上车了。
It's time to ______ ______ the bus.
7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。
Zhujiang river is _______ _________ __________ __________ in China .
三、巩固练习参考答案
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. red 2. games 3. ruler 4. five 5. street 6. window 7. bike 8. garden 9. autumn 10. green 11. Lesson 12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clean
② 根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1. hospital 2. capital 3. December 4. stars 5. between 6. journey 7. where
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. eggs 2. yours 3. the tallest 4. twentieth 5. pens 6. ours 7. you 8. youngest 9. seventh 10. older 11. longest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix
2. didn’t, until
3. Neither, nor
4. interested, young
5. better take
6. get on
7. the third longest
中考复习系列二 名词、代词和冠词
一、中考对名词、代词和冠词的知识要求：
对名词的考查主要集中在：
1、正确识别可数名词和不可数名词；
2、掌握可数名词复数形式的构成；
3、正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数特征性；
4、掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。
对代词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；
2、掌握名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；
3、掌握反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；
4、掌握常见不定代词的一般用法；
5、掌握指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；
6、掌握疑问代词的基本用法。
中考对冠词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本使用规则和常见习惯用法：
2、掌握a与an的基本用法。
二、名词考察点分项说明：
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词，叫做名词。关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数和名词的格。
（一）名词的数
1、可数名词
1）可数名词的的复数形式
英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
名词特征 变化规则 发 音 例词
一般单词 词尾+s 清辅音后 发[s] cups, desks, gates,
元音与浊辅音后发[z] hens, bags, days
以s, sh, ch, x结尾 词尾+es 发[iz] classes, watches, boxes
以o结尾 词尾+es 发[z] tomatoes, heroes, potatoes
出现较晚的事物，词尾+s photos, radios, zoos, pianos
以辅音+y结尾 变y为i 加es 发[iz] stories, babies, cities
以元音+y结尾 词尾+s 发[z] boys, keys, days
以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v加es 发[vz] leaves, knives, lives
例外：roofs, proofs, handkerchiefs
2）、有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，如：
变化 例词
元音发生变化 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet
tooth-teeth, mouse-mice
词尾发生变化 child-children
单、复数同形 sheep-sheep, deer-deer, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese--Japanese
复合词中主要词变为复数 looker-on-lookers-on, new-comer-new-comers, grand-child-grand-children
复合词中无主体词在最后，加s grown-up-grown-ups，stand-by-stand-bys
由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数 woman-teacher-women-teachers,
man-doctor-men-doctors
以 is结尾的外来词，变is为es basis-bases, crisis-crises, emphasis-emphases,
3）、常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
4）、有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths (数学)，physics(物理)
2、不可数名词
不可数名词通常是物质名词和集合名词。物质名词无法分为个体的事物，通常不能与不定冠词连用，自身不能表示具体的数量，如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念，如kindness。
1)、不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
2）、常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
3）、有些名词既能用作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
单 词 意 义
不可数名词 可数名词
dress 女服（统称） a dress 一件女服
fish 鱼肉 a fish 一条鱼
glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯
tin 锡 a tin 一听罐头
paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸
（二）名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系，意思为“…的”。名词所有格的构成方法是：
1、在名词后加“ 's”。如：Lily’s, Mary’s等。
2、以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词只加“’”， 如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day。
3、表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加“’s”。若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加“’s”，如：
Lily and Lucy’s computer. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（两人共有），
lily’s and Lucy’s computers. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（并不共有），
4）、名词所有格可以用来表示地点。
如：my uncle's 我叔叔家。
5）、表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of +名词”的结构来表示。如：
如：the end of the year 岁末，the colour of the flower 花的颜色
三、代词考察点分项说明：
代词是为了避免重复而用来代替该词的词。英语是一种不喜欢重复的语言，当文中第二次提到同一个名词时，一般都要用相应的代词来代替。
英语代词可分为八大类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、和连接代词八种。
（一）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词：（见下表）
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we they you
宾格 me you him her it us them you
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our their your
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs yours
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves themselves yourselves
1、表示“我”、“你”“他（她、它）”、“我们”、“你们”、“他（她、它）们”的词，称为人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。其变化形式如下：
单 数 复 数
主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格
第一人称 I我 me we我们 Us
第二人称 you你 you you你们 you
第三人称 he他 him
them
she她 her
it它 it
2、表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词，也叫代词所有格。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词；名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
3、自身代词是表示“××自己”的代词，也称为反身代词。其形式有：
单数 复数
第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己
第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己
第三人称 himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己
（二）、few, a few, little, a little的用法：
含 义 语 气 修饰或代替的名词
few 很少几个 否定 复数可数名词
a few 有几个 肯定 复数可数名词
little 很少，不多 否定 不可数名词
a little 有一点 肯定 不可数名词
（三）、常见不定代词的一般用法：
1、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，如果有形容词修饰，该形容词必须后置。
There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情告诉你。
2、both / all / none
all的意思是“全体”，“所有”可代表或修饰三个以上的人或物;both指“两者都”; none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of。
3、every / each
every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
4、both / either / neither
both “（两者）都” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
5. another / the other / the others/ others
another +单数名词, “另一个”
one … the other “一个……，另一个……”
the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
（四）指示代词的一般用法：
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等，指示意义的代词称为指示代词。指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等。
1、This, that, these those的用法：
This(these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物， these是this的复数形式；that(those)常指在时间或空间上较远的事物，those是that的复数形式。
2、such和same的用法：
such常在句中作主语、定语和表语，表示“这样”。 same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为“同样的”，same前必须加定冠词the。
I have never seen such a good place.我从未见过这么好的地方。
I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。
We are in the same factory. 我们在同一家工厂。
I’ll do the same as you.我将与你做同样的事情。
（五）疑问代词的基本用法：
疑问代词是指 5个“wh”,：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）,what（什么）, which哪个）
1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语，whom作宾语。在口语中，常用who代替whom，但是若前面有介词，还是用whom.
Who is the girl in red? 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁？
Whom are you waiting for? 你们在等谁？
With whom did they play basketball? 他们和谁一起打篮球？
2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制，如：
Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? 橘汁和可乐，你喜欢哪个？
Which of them come from Canada? 他们中谁来自加拿大？
What do you like to do in your spare time? 你在业余时间都做什么？
四、冠词考察点分项说明：
在英语中，有一类词是汉语中没有的，那就是冠词。冠词常位于名词之前，用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义。冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须与名词连用，置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）与冠词（the）两种。
而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
（一）、不定冠词
不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或“一类。”
1、a用于以辅音“音素”开头的单数可数名词前。
2、在月份、星期及morning, afternoon, evening, night, day等名词前有修饰词时，一律用a。
Smith arrived in Beijing on a rainy day. 史密斯在一个下雨天到达了北京。
He died in a cold February. 他死于寒冷的二月。
3、不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前。
如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy, an English car.
注意： a useful dictionary
（二）定冠词
定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
定冠词的常见用法有：
1、用来指独一无二的物体：
The sun rose at six o'clock. 太阳在六点升起。
2、用于再次提及的名词前。
There is a cow under the tree. The cow is yellow.树下有一头牛，牛是黄色的。
3、用来指说话者双方心目中都知道的特定的人或事物。
This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。
4、用于单数可数名词前，泛指一类。
The horse is an animal.马是动物。
5、用于序数词前、表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best , in the south等
6、在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
布朗一家人今年夏天将要去上海渡假。
五、巩固练习
（一）选择填空
1. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese .
A. food B. foods C. any food D. some food
2. There a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. The old man has two .
A. son-in-law B. sons-in-law
C. son-in-laws D. sons-in-laws
4. We should keep clean.
A. toothes B. tooths C. our tooths D. our teeth
5. Lucy has been to many times this year.
A. his uncle B. his uncles C. uncle’s D. her uncle’s
6. didn’t visit the farm.
A. One of the boy B. One of the boys
C. One of boy D. One of boys
7. No news good news.
A. is B. seems C. are D. has
8. This is table.
A. his teacher’s Mary’s B. his teacher, Mary’s
C. his teacher’s Mary D. his teacher, Mary
9. After climbing 2 hours, we had rest.
A. a few minute’s B. few minutes
C. a few minutes’ D. few minutes
10. These are my ______ .
A. box B. a box C. boxes D. the boxes
（二）、用适当的代词填空
1. My father did not want of the two shirts and asked to be shown .
2. is Tom like? Oh, he’s short and fat.
3. Her parents are workers.
Her classmates are from peasants’ families.
4. Mother told the boys,“Please help to some fruit.”
5. All these are fine books. You can read of them.
6. They are learning from .
7. Lucy dances better than girl in the school.
Jim jumps higher than boys in his class.
8. He lent me a few books, but of them is easy enough for me.
He lent me a few books, and of them are easy enough for me.
二、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“×”表示）
⒈ by train.
⒉ Huanghe River
⒊ for while
⒋ go out for walk
⒌ at foot of
⒍ half hour
⒎ Mr. Smith came here just now
⒏ There is old man in the village. Old man is seventy.
⒐ earth turns round sun.
⒑ We often have lunch at home.
⒒ I wish you happy life.
⒓ harder you study, better you get the marks.
⒔ man with book in his hand is our new class teacher.
⒕ It was raining again! What day!
⒖ Who is going to take place of Mr. Smith next term ?
六、巩固练习参考答案
（一）选择填空
1 A 2A 3 B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C
（二）、用适当的代词填空
1. either, another
2. what
3. both; all
4. yourselves
5. any
6. each other
7. any other; any of the other
8. none, all
（三）、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“×”表示）
1. ×
2. the
3. a
4. a
5. the
6. an
7. A
8. an, The
9. The, the
10. ×
11. a
12. The, the
13. The, a
14. a
15. the
中考复习系列三 数词、形容词和副词
一、中考对数词和形容词知识要求：
中考对数词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握1-100的基数词和序数词的构成及其主要用法；
2、掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式及其与之相应的介词搭配；
3、掌握日常交际活动中涉及到的数字的表达方法；
4、了解数词的某些特殊用法。
中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握比较级和最高级的一般构成规则；
2、掌握比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式；
3、掌握比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法；
4、掌握形容词做表语和定语的用法；
5、掌握常用副词在句中的位置，并了解其意义。
二、数词考察点分项说明：
数词分为基数词和序数词两类，表示数量多少的数词是基数词，如one（一），two（二），seven（七）等，表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词，如the first（第一），the second（第二），the seventh（第七）。
在对数词进行复习的时候，同学们首先要会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的时间表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题。
（一）、序数词一般由基数词加-th构成，100以内的基本的序数词如下：
（二）、序数词的构成及用法：
1、以下几个序数词较为特殊：
first（第一） second（第二） third（第三） fifth（第五）
eighth（第八） ninth（第九） twelfth（第十二）
2、以-ty结尾的基数词变为序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数的基数词尾的-ty变成-ti，然后再加-eth.
如：twenty twentieth （第二十）
eighty eightieth （第八十）
3、基数词“几十几”变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位不变。
如：thirty-two thirty-second （第三十二）
seventy-five seventy-fifth （第七十五）
4、序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。
如：fifth 5th second 2nd
5、序数词前通常要用定冠词the。
6、hundred, thousand, million, billion等词在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式，前面不能加具体的数字。
如：three hundred seats 三百个座位
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的 billions of数十亿的
（三）与数词有关的时间表达法：
1、钟点表示法：
① 顺读法
如：1:15 one fifteen 3:30 three thirty
② 倒读法(用past / to表示)
如： 1:15 a quarter past one
3:30 half past three
7:56 four to eight
③表示钟点只用基数词，并且钟点前用介词at。
2、日期表示法：
① 英语中日期的排列顺序是：星期、月、日、年
如： 3月17日，星期一
Monday, March the 17th, .
② 在具体某一天前用介词on
3、世纪、年代表示法
（在）90年代 (in) the nineties
（在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century
（在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730’s
（四）、基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起，构成复合形容词，修饰名词。
如： a twelve-year-old boy 一个十二岁的男孩 a five-mile race 一次五英里的赛跑
三、形容词和副词考察点分项说明：
形容词用于修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词，又可修饰形容词，其它副词，甚至整个句子。
（一）形容词和副词级的变化：
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：
原级：
比较级： 比较...，更...一些
最高级： 最...
1、一般构成规律：
词的特征 变 化 例 词
原 级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 直接加-er, -est strong
high stronger
higher strongest
highest
以e结尾的词 加-r, -st wide
nice wider
nicer widest
nicest
以单个辅音字母（非r）结尾的单音节词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est fat
thin fatter
thinner fattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 变y为i，再加-er,-est heavy
happy heavier
happier heaviest
happiest
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词 直接加-er; -est clever
narrow cleverer
narrower cleverest
narrowest
多数双音节词
多音节词和
源于分词的形容词 在原级前加more, most stupid
difficult
tired more stupid
more difficult
more tired most stupid
most difficult
most tired
2、常见的不规则变化：
原 级 比较级 最高级
good well better best
bad badly ill worse worst
many much more most
little less least
far farther
further farthest
furthest
old older
elder oldest
eldest
3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法：
原级的用法：
①肯定句型：
as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as … 意思是 “与……一样”
The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型：
not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级 +as… 意思是“不如……“
Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。
He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。
比较级的用法：
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder you study, the faster you make progress. 你学习越努力，进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）
He is more stupid than any other student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any other girl in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
最高级的用法：
1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest one in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。
3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最……之一”
America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。
4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。
The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。
（二）、常用副词在句中的位置：
1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。
They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国见面了。
It’s raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。
The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。
2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。
Last year they met in China.
3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。
She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。
4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：
（1）实义动词之前：
I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。
I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。
（2）be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后
Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。
I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。
四、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A. Two-third B. Second-third
C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds
2. Where are they going to have the meeting? In .
A. 204 Room B. Room 204
C. the room 204 D. the Room 204
3. What is the time? It’s (4:25).
A. four twenty-five B. four past twenty-five
C. twenty-five to four D. four twenty five
4. Please give us .
A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of water
C. two glasses water D. two glasses of water
5. Light is faster than an ordinary plane.
A. two million time B. millions of time
C. three millions times D. millions of times
6. There are seasons in a year. The season is spring.
A. four, one B. fourth, first C. fourth, one D. four, first
7. She has a baby.
A. ten-months-old B. ten months-old
C. ten-months-olds D. ten-month-old
8. It took them to finish the work last year.
A. two and a half months B. two month and a half
C. a half and two months D. two months and half
9. What’s the date today? It’s .
A. July five B. July the five
C. July fifty D. July the fifth
10. There are in the room.
A. four box of oranges B. four boxes of orange
C. four box oranges D. four boxes of oranges
11. I don’t feel very today.
A. good B. better C. nice D. well
12. He didn’t go there with me, she didn’t .
A. too B. either C. neither D. also
13. Our hall is theirs.
A. twice as large as B. twice so large as
C. as twice large as D. twice more than
14. John did in the exam, Tom did even .
A. bad, worse B. more bad, more worse
C. badly, worst D. badly, worse
15. Your mother won’t be angry with you, will she? I hope .
A. so B. it C. not D. no
16. The villagers had rain this year than last year.
A. less B. least C. little D. lesser
17. She is than Mary.
A. older two years B. old two years
C. two years old D. two years older
18. He says that he will pay a price for the house.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. highest
19. They have held three meetings this week .
A. alone B. lonely C. ever D. just
20. How do you go to the South Lake?
A. often B. long C. soon D. fast
21. This is really a news.
A. surpring B. surprised C. be surprised D. surprise
22. Don’t make noise. Please keep .
A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. more quietly
23. He bought from a shop.
A. an old black wood round table B. a round old black wood table
C. an old round black wood table D. a round black wood old table
24. aren’t so happy as .
A. The rich/poor B. Rich/the poor
C. Rich/poor D. The rich/the poor
25. Can you finish the work with money and people?
A. less…less B. little…few
C. fewer…fewer D. less…fewer
26. Do you have money to buy the colour TV set?
A. a little B. few C. enough D. many
27. I like green but Li Lei prefers blue.
A. shallow, deep B. think, thick
C. light, dark D. white, black
28. See you . See you.
A. late B. later C. latest D. last
29. He spoke fast that we could understand him.
A. too, not hardly B. so, not hardly
C. too, hardly D. so, hardly
30. I didn’t go , I went .
A. anywhere, upstairs B. nowhere, to upstairs
C. to somewhere, upstairs D. to anywhere, upstairs
二、改错（下列各句中有一处有误，请找出错误处，将其序号填入题前括号内并改正。）
( ) 1. He doesn’t feel like anything. Please give him delicious something to eat.
A B C D
( ) 2. I found a quite big mouse in the kitchen the day before yesterday.
A B C D
( ) 3. He plans to stay here for another more week.
A B C D
( ) 4. Paris is the most beautiful than any other city in the world.
A B C D
( ) 5. Is it more difficult to learn Chinese than learning Japanese?
A B C D
( ) 6. Her older brother is two years older than she.
A B C D
( ) 7. The population of Henan is larger than Hunan.
A B C D
( ) 8. Tom got here earlier about ten minutes them his brother.
A B C D
( ) 9. I’m taller of the two boys.
A B C D
( ) 10. Are your trousers so new as hers?
A B C D
五、巩固练习答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. D
26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
二、改错
1. C，改为something delicious
2. B，改为quite a或者a very
3. D，改为one more week或者another week
4. A，改为more
5. D，改为to learn
6. A，改为Her elder brother
7. D，改为than that of Hunan
8. B，改为about ten minutes earlier
9. B，改为the taller
10. C，改为as
中考复习系列四 动词（上）
一、中考对动词的知识要求：
中考对动词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；
2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）
3、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；
4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；
5、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；
6、掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法；
7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；
8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；
9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；
10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；
11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。
二、动词考察点分项说明：
（一）、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；
1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：
动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词
一般动词 词尾加-s look- looks find- finds
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾 词尾加-es watch- watches, push- pushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-es fly- flies, apply- applies
2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成：
① 规则动词的变化：
规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。
动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词
一般动词 词尾加-ed look- looked, looked
以e结尾 词尾加-d live- lived, lived
以“辅音字母+Y”结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry-carried, carried
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop- stopped, stopped
② 不规则动词的变化。（略）
3、动词的现在分词的构成：
动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词
一般动词 直接加-ing look-looking watch- watching
以e结尾 去e加-ing come- coming move- moving
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing swim- swimming
run- running
以ie结尾且为重读开音节 变ie加y再加ing die-dying lie-lying
（二）、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）
1、一般现在时
① 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。
②一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。
She likes biology very much. 她非常喜欢生物。
They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。
2、一般过去时
①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词often, usually, always等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
②一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。
We met each other on the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上碰见了。
She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
3、一般将来时
① 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。
②一般将来时的构成：
（1） 一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称（I和we）的疑问句中。
（2） 也可以用“be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情，或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。
They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。
We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。
It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
4、现在进行时
① 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用；或与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always, continually, forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
② 现在进行时的构成：
现在进行时由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。
They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。
The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。
5、过去进行时
① 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。
过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
② 过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be (am, is, are)变为过去式（was, were）
They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。
The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。
6、现在完成时
① 表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already, just, yet等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
② 现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。
He has already come back.他已经回来了。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
（三）、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；
常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。
Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。
The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。
（四）、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；
① 过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will, shall变为过去式would, should，把助动词be的过去式变为过去式was或were而已。如：
They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。
②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作了。
（五）、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；
助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。
常见的助动词有：
（1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。
I’m looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）
These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）
（2）have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。
They have known each other for twenty years.
他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）
He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.
他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）
（3）do (does, did) 助动词do后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。
He does not speak English.他不说英语。
When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？
（4）will (would), shall (should) will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。
The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。
I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。
shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。
We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。
I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。
三、巩固练习
1. His father any washing in the morning.
A. doesn’t do B. doesn’t C. doesn’t does D. doesn’t does
2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.
A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning
3. How long you the bicycle?
A. have…bought B. have…had
C. did…buy D. do…buy
4. my brother knows London very well. He there many times.
A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went
5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.
A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be
6. Listen, the music nice.
A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding
7. He early every morning from now on.
A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up
8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.
A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled
9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.
A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone
10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.
A. is B. were C. was D. will be
11. Tom _____ his homework after breakfast.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. don’t do D. doesn’t do
12. Jenny _____a letter to her mother three days ago.
A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written
13. He ______ with us yesterday morning.
A. doesn’t go swimming B. goes swimming
C. didn’t go swimming D. went to swimming
14. There ______a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would have
15. ______ you ______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give
16. Look! Li Lei _____ Jim with his Chinese.
A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help
17. Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ .
A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping
18. The students of Class 3 _____a football game now. Let’s go and watch.
A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had
19. How many English songs ____ you _____ by the end of last term?
A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned
20. My mother _____ breakfast while I ______ my face this morning.
A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washing
C. was cooking D. would cook, was washing
二、用下列动词的适当形式填空
1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day.
2. -Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it.
-Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week.
3. The old men (die) last summer. He (die) for eight months.
4. Father (cook) when I got home.
5. Mr. Smith told us he (show) the guests around the factory.
6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.
7. - the twins (return) yet?
-Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now.
8. It (rain) but it (stop) now.
9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.
10. The boy (read) a story book now.
四、巩固练习参考答案
（一）单项选择
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C
11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
16. A 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. B
（二）、用下列动词的适当形式填空
1. would visit
2. has kept
3. died, has been dead
4. was cooking
5. would show或者had shown
6. are washed
7. Have…returned; are having
8. rained…has stopped
9. kept
10. is reading
复习五 动词（下）
（六）掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法
① 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。
② 情态动词的种类：
原 形 过去式 词 义
can could 能
may might 可以（或许）
must must(had to) 必须（不得不）
will would 愿意
shall should 应该
need needed 需要
dare dared 敢于
③ can的用法
（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。
The boy can swim very well.
Who can answer this question?
（2）表示允许
The students can leave after the meeting.
When can I get the news?
（3）表示推测
It can be wrong.
Who can your new teacher next term?
④could的用法
（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
They could run very fast when they were young.
Could you speak English at that time?
（2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。
Could I borrow your bike?
Could you listen to me carefully?
（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度
How could that be?
She couldn’t know me.
⑤ must的用法
（1）．表示义务，命令或必要
You must finish it before 5 o’clock.
Must I hand it in now?
（2）．表示肯定的推测：一定
She must be a pretty girl.
You must be wrong.
⑥ need的用法
(1) 表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
We need to pay more attention.
Need I call him for you?
（2）need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用needn’t。
Need he come? 他必须来吗？
Yes, he must.是的，必须来。
No, he needn’t.不，他不必来。
⑦ may的用法
（1）表示请求、许可、可以
May I ask you some questions?
May we start now?
（2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。
He may be 25 years old.
We may come back in three days.
（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
May you success!
May you have a nice trip！
⑧ should的用法
should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）
Who should I meet this afternoon?
You should pack you bag quickly.
（七）了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（p.p.）”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。
1．一般现在时的被动语态（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I think thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
（八）了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
（九）掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则（此处略。见第七期）
（十）动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语（包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。）
1）作主语
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里开车很困难。
2）作宾语
① 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词，如：
hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
She has decided to go.她已决定要走。
② 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：
I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。
3）作表语
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。
4）作宾语补足语
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。
5）作目的状语：
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。
6）作结果状语：
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。
7）作原因状语：
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。
I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴。
二、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He had his lunch already.
A. will B. would C. has D. have
2. Mary speak English before she left for England.
A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to
3. I your help. I can do it myself.
A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need
4. some more tea now?
A. Do you like B. Will you like
C. Would you like D. Should you like
5. - you the book to the library?
-Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.
A. Do, return B. Are, returning
C. Will, return D. Have, returned
6. Don’t go to see him. He changed his mind
A. is B. was C. will D. has
7. -How many times your uncle been to Beijing?
-Twice.
A. has B. have C. does D. did
8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.
A. won’t B. hasn’t to C. shouldn’t D. has to
9. give me a cup of water, Mary?
A. Shall you please B. Will you please
C. Please you D. Please do you
10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t
11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.
A. needn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t to D. not need
12. Li Li get up at 7:30.
A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to
13. You answer this question.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. don’t need D. needn’t to
14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.
A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie
15. You go with us at once.
A. need B. should C. would D. could
16. -_____I watch TV after dinner, Mum?
-No, you .
A. May; mustn’t B. May; don’t
C. May; won’t D. Must; mustn’t
17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.
A. don’t know…are B. didn’t know…were
C. don’t know…were D. haven’t known…are
18. The PRC in 1949.
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
19. -Is Xiao Li in the classroom?
-No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.
A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. is D. needn’t
20. -Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?
- .
A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall
C. Yes, you will D. All right
21. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .
A. can, try B. can’t, to try C. can, to try D. can’t, trying
22. “ _____ you like ______ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”
A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some
23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.”
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
24. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
25. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?
A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could
26. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can
27. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t
28. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
29. The science book ______ good care of.
A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken
30. The stars _____ in the daytime.
A. can’t be see B. can’t see C. can’t be saw D. can’t be seen
二、用方框内的情态动词填空（每词只用一次）
need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’t
may, must, mustn’t, have to, would
1. I show him the way, I?
2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I .
3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you .
4. Nobody live without air or water.
5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.
6. - I have some chocolates now?
-No, you mustn’t.
7. Children be left alone.
8. I finish my homework before I go to bed.
9. we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.
10. you like some fish?
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. （把英语学好）isn’t easy.
2. This is the room .（住）
3. He made the children .（哭）
The baby is often heard .（哭）
4. Can you tell me .（如何去那所学校）
5. There are quite marry books .（读）
6. Don’t stop （休息）before you finish doing your homework.
7. Mother wants me .（将来成为一位教师）
8. We have planned （去打篮球）tomorrow.
9. The students was made .（再打扫一遍教室）
10. It’s important （友善）and helpful.
三、巩固练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D
二、用方框内的情态动词填空
1. needn’t, must
2. can’t
3. mustn’t
4. can
5. need
6. May
7. shouldn’t
8. have to
9. shall
10. would
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4. Are your flowers watered every day?
5. The big tree was blown down last night.
6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. To learn English well
2. to live in
3. cry; to cry
4. how to get to that school
5. to read
6. to have a rest
7. to become a teacher in the future
8. to play basketball
9. to clean the classroom again
10. to be kind
中考复习系列六 介词和连词
一、中考对介词和连词的知识要求：
中考对介词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；
2、掌握常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
中考对连词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法；
2、掌握常用的从属连词的基本用法 ( when, after, because, as soon as…)
二、介词考察点分项说明：
介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用，一般也无句子重音。常常放在名词或代词之前，与之一起构成介词短语，共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词义上往往看不出是介词。如：against的意思是“反对”，在汉语里是动词，在英语里却是介词。
（一）表示时间的介词：
1．at, in ，on
(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”
（2）in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
On the afternoon of May 23.
2．from, since, for
(1) from表示“等时间的起点”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
(3) for 与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。
for two hours since last week
3．after, in, within
(1) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了
(2) within
篇3：－ 英语（新目标）七年级 上册 期末复习(新目标版七年级英语下册教学论文)
2004－20 英语（新目标）七年级 上册 期末复习2004.12
一． 代词 (pron.)
第一人称单数 第二人称
单数和复数 第三人称单数（三单） 第一人称复数 第三人称复数
人称代词 我 你 / 你们 他 她 它 我们 他们
主格 I you he she it we they
宾格 me you him her it us them
物主代词 我的 你的/ 你们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 他们的
形容词性 my your his her its our their
(一) 翻译成英语：
1．我是_______________ 2.我父母________________ 3. 跟我来_____________
4．你可以______________ 5.你的电话号码______________
6. 谢谢你_____________ 7. 他有________________ 8.他的姓氏_____________
9. 听他说_____________ 10. 她喜欢它。____________ 11.她全家照______________ 12.帮助她____________ 13. 它吃________________ 14.它名字______________
15.看见它____________ 16.我们想要____________
17.我们最喜爱的水果_____________________ 18.加入我们_________
19. 他们唱歌___________ 20.他们旧电脑_______________21.画出它们__________
(二) 选词填空：
1. What’s ________ name? (you / your ) _________ name is Bob. ( My / I / me)
2. _________ erasers are in ________drawer. (her / she / Her / She)
3. Can ________(you / your ) do _______ (you / your ) homework?
4. ___________ is a cat. ________ name is Mimi. ( it / its / It / Its )
5. _________ brother can speak Japanese. (He’s / His / He )
6. Please take _________ keys to school. __________ are on the table.
( they / their / them / They / Their / Them )
7. __________ is thirteen years old. __________ birthday is March 1st. (He / His / Him)
8. __________ favorite vegetable is tomato. (her / she / Her / She)
9. Can you help ______ ?( we / us / our) Please take ______ to school. ( they / their / them)
10. _________ can’t see _________baseball. It’s behind _________.( My / I / me / my )
（三）完成句子：
1. A: What’s this / that ?
B: _________ is a dresser.
A: How do you spell _________ , please ?
B: D-R-E-S-S-E-R.
2. A: What are these / those ?
B: _________ are tomatoes.
3. A: Does Cindy like salad?
B: No, _________doesn’t.
4. A: How much are his shoes?
B: _________ are 100 dollars.
5. A: Is Alan your friend?
B: Yes, _________ is.
6. A: Do you have a soccer ball?
B: Yes, _________ do.
7. A: Who is that girl?
B: _________ is Jack’s sister.’
8. This is David and this is Tim. _________ are our friends. We often help _________ .
9. Those are strawberries. Sally likes _________.
10. The pants are nice. I’ll take _________.
二. 名词的格：
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of ＋名词”来表示所有关系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
翻译:
1. 汤姆的背包________________ 2. 我朋友的生日聚会__________________
3. 他们父母亲的房间____________ 4. 她两个兄弟各自的电脑________________
5. 戴维和保罗的两个家庭_________________________
6. 露西和莉莉家的书橱_________________________
7. 男士手表_______________ 8. 一张吉姆家的全家照___________________
9. 一幅中国地图_______________ 10.一本英语字典_________________________
三．冠词
1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock /
an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour
an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
（2）定冠词：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk.
（2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
（4）在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
（5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
（1）专有名词前：China is a big country.
（2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
（6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
Exercises:
一． 填空：（在有必要的地方填上冠词，不填的划 “/ ”）
1. What’s this? It’s _____ clock.
2. What’s that? It’s _____ alarm clock.
3. What is it? It’s _____ w.
4. What color is the jacket? It’s _____ orange. It’s _____ orange jacket.
5. Jim’s mother is _____ Mrs Green. She is _____ teacher.
6. Those pens are in _____ pencil case.
7. Here’s _____ interetsing family photo.
8. When does Lily go to _____ bed in _____ evening?
9. _____ “h”, _____ “o” and _____ “w” are in the word “how”.
10. This is _____ my English book.
11. Where is _____ bag? It’s under _____ table.
12. I often go to _____ school at _____ 7:00.
13. Take _____ things to _____ your brother.
14. They like playing _____ football. My favorite subject is _____ P.E. .
15. Do you have _____ pingpong bat? Yes, I do.
16. Do you want to see _____ action movie? No, I want to play _____ chess.
17. When’s his sister’s birthday? It’s _____ April _____ eleventh.
18. Does Bill like _____hamburgers? No, he doesn’t.
19. A: Let’s play _____ soccer. B: I don’t have _____ soccer ball.
A: Well, let’s play _____ drums. B: That sounds good.
20. How much are _____ two hats? They are 10 dollars.
21. Do you have _____ Art Festival at your school? Yes, we do.
22. When do people usually eat _____ breakfast? They usually eat _____ it in _____ evening.
23. Rick often goes to see _____ Beijing Opera _____ weekends.
24. Can Tom play _____ piano? Yes, he can.
Can he play _____ it well? No, he can’t.
25. Please listen to _____ teacher carefully.
时态复习
一、一般现在时
1、Be 动词的一般现在时
Be动词要根据句中主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is , are
am跟在I后面, is 跟单数主语，are跟复数主语及单数You后面。如：
I am a teacher.
My brother is at school.
Lucy and Lily are in Class One, Grade Two.
You are a good boy.
2、实义动词的一般现在时
一个动作经常反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数(he, she , it, Tom等)作主语，谓语动词要加 ″s″ 或 ″es″，这种动词形式简称为单三动，记住：单三人称单三动，其它人称用原型。如：
They get up at six o’clock.
He goes to school at seven- thirty .
附：动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1）一般情况下加s get-gets like---likes
2）以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es: watch---watches go---goes do---does
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，加es carry---carries
特殊： have---has
二、情态动词can
情态动词(can, may, must )后动词用原形。如：
I can play the guitar. He can play the violin.
三、几个动词的用法：
1、let后用动词原形 Let’s play soccer.
2、like及介词后动词用ing形式， 如：be good at swimming, help kids with singing,
like playing basketball, What about playing tennis?
3、want加 to 再加原形
4、help +人+动词原形 help+人+with sth /doing sth.
Exercises:
一、用be的适当形式填空。
1． I _________ a student．
2． __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________ ．
3． They __________ in the classroom．
4． This __________ an apple．
5． Where __________ my books﹖
6． We __________friends.
7. You __________ a good student.
8. These ___________her peas.
9. How much _________the T-shirt?
10. How much __________ the socks?
11. Our mother _________forty.
12. You can _________ in our school music club.
13. I want to ________ a teacher.
14. Let’s ___________friends.
15. He and I _________friends.
16. Tina ___________ a student.
17. Mary and Tom ___________ students.
18. Someone __________ in the room.
19. Who ________ your brother?
20. When _________ your uncle’s birthday?
二、完成句子。
1. I _________ (know) the boy.
2. They __________(go) to work on Saturdays.
3. He usually _____________(comes) to school early.
4. I often _____________(have) rice, meat and vegetables.
5. My grandfather _____________(play) sports in the park.
6. Miss Li ____________(teach) English in our school.
7. The students of Class Four ___________(sing) a song on Monday.
8. Alicia and Jerry ______________ (do) homework after school.
9. We _____________(take) a shower in the evening.
10. Her sister ____________(have) Chinese every day.
11．__________ you __________( have) a soccer ball﹖
12． Mary _______________ (not come) from America.
She ___________(come) from Britain.
13． I ____________ ( not ,like) playing computer games.
14．______________Tom and his brother _____________(study) in Beijing?
15. __________ Your brother ___________(have) a son?
二、非谓语动词填空。
1、Who helps you ____________(look) after your daughter at home?
2、The child is good at ____________(play) chess.
3、My mother wants_______________(buy) a sweater.
4、What about ______________(go) to the shop?
5、Bob likes ______________(watch) TV.
6、Can you help kids with _____________(swim)?
7、Let’s _____________( sing) an English song.
8、I want ____________(join) the soccer club.
9、We like ____________( see) movies.
10、John often helps his mother___________(do) the housework.
四、用动词的适当形式填空。
1 . Who ______________ ( teach ) English in your school ?
2 . May I _____________(know) your address?
3 . ___________(be) you twelve?
4 . She _____________(like) fish ,but she _______________ ( not like ) meat .
5 . Her mother is good at _____________ ( make ) cakes .
6 . Mr Green wants ______________ ( buy ) a new watch .
7 .Who _________(be) your English teacher?.
8 . My father ___________ ( go ) to bed at 10:00 every evening .
9 . His friend ___________________( like, play) computer games.
10 . Let’s ___________(watch) TV.
11. __________your mother _________(have) a baseball bat?
12._________Jim and Tom _________(like) hamburgers?
13. What kind of movies ________your grandfather ___________(want) to see?
14. Where _______(be) the two volleyballs?
15. That _____ (be ) is his family photo.
16．We can __________(sing) English songs.
17. He can ____________(do) Chinese Kung fu.
18. What time _________Mr. Brown ___________(take) a shower?
19. Mrs Jones ___________(watch) TV on weekends.
20. __________(be) your sisters in the bedroom?
五、翻译。
1、我的朋友的名字是林涛。
_______________________________________________________________________
2、她的数学书在哪儿？
_______________________________________________________________________
3、谁在房间里？
_______________________________________________________________________
4、我是七年级的学生。
_______________________________________________________________________
5、他们的书包在书橱里。
_______________________________________________________________________
6、你的爸爸几点去上班？
_______________________________________________________________________
7、Lily 和Lucy 有一个大房间。
_______________________________________________________________________
8、你想买一条蓝色的短裤吗？不，我不想。
_______________________________________________________________________
9、他的叔叔认为记录片很有趣。
_______________________________________________________________________
10、我最喜欢语文和数学。
_______________________________________________________________________
11、你们的弟弟有网球拍吗？不，他没有。
_______________________________________________________________________
12、我们晚餐吃汉堡、花椰菜冰淇淋。
_______________________________________________________________________
句型复习
Ⅰ 句型结构
1、肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+…
主语+can+动词原形+…
行为动词原形
主语+ +其他…
行为动词三单形式
2、否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+…
主语+can’t+动词原形+…
主语+don’t(doesn’t)+动词原形+…
3、一般问句〈1〉be(am/is/are)+主语+…？
Yes,+主语+ be No,+主语+be not.
〈2〉Can+主语+动词原形+…？
Yes,主语+can No,主语+can’t
〈3〉Do/Does+主语+动词原形+…？
Yes,主语+do/does No,主语+don’t/doesn’t
4、特殊疑问句：
〈1〉 疑问词+be+主语+…？
主语+be+…
〈2〉 疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+…？
主语+can+动词原形…
〈3〉 疑问句+do(does)+主语+动词原形+…？
动词原形
主语+ +…
动词三单形式
〈4〉疑问句：who/how/how old/how much/where/when/why/what/what/
what kind of…what time/what subject
II、写出下列动词的三单形式：
take be like play swim run do go watch wish
think eat have want study help learn teach start
III、将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答：
1、My name’s Bob.
2、I’m his uncle.
3、Our shirts are too long.
4、My friend gets up at five o’clock.
5、Lucy and Lily like sports.
6、Jerry’s teacher can play chess.
7、Alicia is my aunt.
8、She wants to see Beijing Opera.
IV、划出每句中正确的词：
1、(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2、(Where/What)are your baseball?
3、(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 4、(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?
5、(Is/Can)she play the violin? 6、I (don’t/doesn’t)like hamburgers.
7、Why does Alice (likes/like)music?8、Who (am/is) your father?
9、(What/What’s) her favorite subject?10、How much (are/is) her socks?
V、句型转换：划线提问
1、Peter is 12 years old.
2、This is an English book.
3、The backpacks are black.
4、Scott likes history.
5、They have vegetables for lunch.
6、She can play chess and sing.
7、It’s nine o’clock.
8、We go to bed at ten o’clock.
9、His shoes are under the table.
10、Her basketball is 5 dollars.
11、Dave’s favorite food is ice cream.
12、He likes documentaries.
13、My birthday is October1st.
14、They are fine.
15、Nick wants to join the swimming club.
16、Rick Smith is my favorite actor.
17、Her favorite subject is science.
18、Mike and Jack like math because it’s interesting.
19、My mother’s favorite color is blue.
20、We go to school in the morning.
21、I think they’re interesting. (改否定句)
22、It’s December.30th.today.
VI、连词成句
1、sister, is, she, your(?)
2、are, Lucy’s, those, rulers(.)
3、thrillers, like, Maria doesn’t(.)
4、want, join, to, do, They not, music club,the(.)
5、uncle, is, also, thinks, it, boring, June’s father(.)
6、play, my, the, piano, well, can, grandfather(.)
7、tennis, like, but, doesn’t, Jim, he, volleyball, likes(.)
8、two, has, she, and, sisters, brother, a(.)
9、is, the, what, time(?)
10、shower, when, take, o’clock, five, she, a(?)
VII、根据答语或问句，补全对话：
1、A：
B：His phone number is 3435871.
2、A:What’s twelve and three?
B:
3、A:
B:Her family name is Brown.
4、A:
B:My first name is Lisa.
5、A:
B:Yes,they my drums.
6、A:
B:No,Bob’s shorts aren’t in the dresser.
7、A:
B:I usually go to school at 7:15.
8、A:
B:Lliy has Chinese on Thursday.
9、A：
B:The white hat is fifty yuan.
10、A：
B:He can sing and dance.
11、A:
B:Yes, Jenny’s favorite teacher is Mr Black.
12、A:Can you speak Japanese?
B:
13、A:How old is John?
B:
14 、A:
B:He watchs TV after dinner.
15、A：
B：Jack is likes action movies.
16、A:
B:Yes,he gets home at six.
17、A:
B:The watches are in the drawer.
18、A:
B: Because music is relaxing.
19、A:
B:His favorite subject is science.
20、A:
B:School starts at 7:30.
名词复习
单数名词前有a/an、the或物主代词，如：a book、the book、his book
1、一般情况，加s：bags
2、以s、sh、x、ch结尾，加es：boxes
规则变化 3、以 f、fe、结尾，把f、fe改为v加es：shelf→shelves
可数 4、以辅音+y结尾，把y改为i,加es：baby→babies
5、以o结尾，加es：tomatoes、patotoes
或加s：pianos、photos
1、单复数词形：sheep、Chinese、Japanese
复数 不规则变化 2、复数名词：clothes、people、police
3、特殊变化：man→men，woman→women
child→children，foot→feet
名 tooth→teeth，policeman→policemen
前面可用many（许多）、a lot of/lots of（许多）、some（一些）、a few （一 点）+可数复数
词
1、没有复数形式
2、前不加a/an、数字、many、a few，后不加s
不可数 3、前可以加some、any、a lot of/much、a little
4、表数量用量词加of词组：a cup of ice cream，two cups of ice cream
5、学过的有：broccoli、food、dessert、orange、ice cream、salad、chicken、fruit、soccer、tennis、ping-pong、breakfast、lunch、dinner、help、opera、work、homework、time、Chinese、Japanese、English
Exercise
1、写出下列词的复数形式
baby _____ potato _____ knife _____ photo _____ Chinese _____
hamburger _____ case _____ key _____ watch _____ name _____
strawberry _____ tomato _____ dollar _____ orange _____ people _____
documentary _____ boy _____ piano _____ child _____ man _____
this _____ that _____ I _____ she _____ you _____ bus _____
wish _____ Japanese _____
2、翻译短语
五门学科 _______________ 三部电影_______________
一些动作片______________ 许多手表_______________
一点食品________________ 一点蔬菜_______________
许多冰淇淋______________ 三块鸡肉_______________
一些工作________________ 许多作业_______________
四辆公共汽车____________
3、划出下面单词中的不可数名词
star、dessert、sock、dollar、help、month、art、broccoli、cream、dictionary、card、club、
fruit、food、sister、chicken、CD、homework、English、runner、Science、people、collection、
racket、sport、baseball
4、将下列句子变成复数形式
1) This is a bus .
2) She has a nice dress.
3) A musician has a watch on her hand.
4) You are a Chinese.
5) The girl likes salad.
6) The running star wants to eat healthy food.
7) A photo is on the wall.
8) That is a banana.
9) It is an action movie.
10) I am a student.
5、改错
1) He has many ice cream for breakfast._______________________________
2) The girl has two broccoli for lunch. ________________________________
3) I need some salad. ______________________________________________
4) The student does a few homework every day. _________________________
5) I want to go to movie. ____________________________________________
6) We can see much clothes in the store. ________________________________
7) Does she have three cousin? _______________________________________
8) They are Japaneses. ______________________________________________
9) I have some apple. _______________________________________________
10) I want to see a Beijing opera. ______________________________________
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：主谓一致专项复习(新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
主谓一致专项复习
【学习指南】
从广义上讲，一致关系牵涉到名词和代词之间、主语和谓语之间、主语和表语之间、主句谓语动词的时态和从句谓语动词时态之间等众多的一致关系，但本章只着重论述主语和谓语在人称和数的一致关系。
本章的学习重点是主谓一致的三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。然而，在语言实践过程中往往还会出现较为复杂的情况，如有些句子的主语不能从词的形式上看出是单数还是复数，有时还会出现一些习惯用法，这就要求我们在学习过程中要记住：规则一定要遵循，例外一定要注意，惯用法一定要重视。本章难点是集合名词作主语以及形复意单的名词作主语时的主谓一致，另外并列主语的主谓一致因其例外较多，也是我们在学习过程中值得关注的焦点之一。
一、语法一致的原则
语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
1、动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语
动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Asking costs nothing.
多问不吃亏。
2、从句作主语
名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
That they will win is certain.
他们一定会赢是确信无疑的。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成任务还未知。
Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his / her name here.
要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。
【小贴士】
但what / whoever / which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what / whoever / which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。
What he said is true.他所说的是真的。
What we need are more volunteers. 我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。
3、“more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语
“more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than + 复数名词”或“more + 复数名词 + than one”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
More than one student has read Rowling’s Harry Porter.
许多学生看过罗琳的《哈利波特》。
Many a student has seen the film Titanic twice.
许多学生看了电影《铁达尼号》两次。
More than two hundred people have turned out at the meeting.
两百多人退出了会场。
More students than one are against the decision.
不止一个学生反对这个决定。
【小帖士】
“one or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，但“a / one + 单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语动词单数、复数均可。
One or two days are enough for me to finish the work.
一两天的时间就足够我去完成这工作。
Only a / one word or two is / are needed here.
这里只需要一两个字。
4、用and连接的主语
由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如表示单一的概念时，谓语动词则用单数形式（见本章第二节“意义一致的原则”）。
Rice and wheat are grown in China.
中国种植小米和小麦。
Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。
5、用with, as well as等词连接的主语
“名词+ together with/as well as + 名词”结构作主语时，不能看作是并列主语，together with或as well as之后的名词是主语的附加成分，句子的谓语动词不受附加成分中名词单复数的影响，仍和第一个名词的数保持一致。
Our monitor as well as some of our classmates has been to the USA.
我们的班长和几位同学已去过美国了。
The bat together with the balls was stolen.
球拍和球都被偷走了。
【百宝箱】
英语中有很多属于“A + as well as + B”这种结构，谓语动词应与主语A 保持一致。
A together with B A和B A rather than B A而不是B
A along with B A与B A except/but B A除了B
A including B A包括B A like/unlike B A像/不像B那样
A in addition to B A加上B A no less than B A如B一样
6、关系代词作主语
定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致。
AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
艾滋病是一种破坏人体免疫系统，使人处于失去抗感染、抗疾病状态的病症。
Those who have finished the work can go home first.
那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。
I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.
我是你的老师，我会全力帮助你的。
【点津坊】
若先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时，从句中的谓语动词用复数；若先行词为“the only one of + 复数名词”时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
He was one of the students who were given a prize. 他是那些获奖的学生之一。
I was the only one in my office who was invited. 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
7、由两部分构成的物体名词作主语
由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词做主语时，谓语通常用复数，此类名词有：glasses（眼镜），spectacles(眼镜)，shoes（鞋子），boots（靴子），sneakers（轻便运动鞋）；trousers / pants（裤子），compasses（指南针），chopsticks（筷子），scissors（剪刀），socks（短袜）,stockings（长袜），clothes（衣服）等。但这类词如用a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.
昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打烂了。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床底下有一双鞋。
Chopsticks were first introduced to Japan in the 3rd century A.D. and thus ended the practice of taking food directly by hand.
公元三世纪，筷子传到了日本，并从此结束了人们直接用手拿食物的做法。
【小帖士】
当a pair (of)表示“两个人”时，其谓语动词通常用复数；当表示“一对夫妇”时，谓语用单复数都行。
A pair of students are practising speaking English there. 两个学生正在那里练习讲英语。
The happy pair is/are going to Europe for their honeymoon. 这对快乐的新婚夫妇打算去欧洲度蜜月。
8、this kind / sort of +名词作主语
表示一个种类的“kind of + 名词”后面常用单数谓语动词，而“复数名词+ of this kind”后面的谓语动词常用复数。
This kind / sort of question is very difficult. 这种问题很难。
Questions of this kind / sort are very difficult. 这种问题很难。
9、amount和quantity结构作主语
“a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。类似的结构还有“a large quantity of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用单数）以及“large quantities of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用复数）。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time.
在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
这座桥花了一大笔钱。
A large quantity of pure water is needed there.
那里需要大量的纯净水。
Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.
需要大量的水来降温。
10、名词所有格作主语
指商店、工场、住宅等的名词所有格作主语时，后面往往省略了shop / home等名词，如the baker’s（面包店），the barber’s（理发店），the doctor’s（诊所），the Zhang’s（张先生家）等，谓语动词一般用单数。但表示店铺名称的名词所有格，如？？？？？等，谓语动词往往用复数。
My uncle’s is not far from here.
我叔叔家离这里不远。
The baker’s was destroyed in a big fire last year.
那家面包店在去年一场大火中被烧毁了。
McDonald’s have a lot of delicious food to sell.
麦当劳有许多好吃的食物出售。
【试题播报】
E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
【分析】该题目考查主语加附加成分时与谓语的一致原则。主语为单数时，后面附加成分的单复数不影响谓语动词的单复数。选项B、C、D都是复数形式，故答案为A。
二、意义一致的原则
句子的谓语动词和主语的数的一致是根据该主语的意义，而不是根据语法形式决定的。当主语形式为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；但主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1、无标记复数名词作主语
people（人们）, cattle（牛群），poultry（家禽）, police（警察），youth（青年）是无标记复数名词，即没有复数标记但用作复数的名词，其谓语动词总是用复数形式。
The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.
警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。
Cattle are one cause of the problem.
养牛是这个问题的一个原因。
2、单复数同形的名词作主语
英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有sheep（绵羊），deer（鹿），fish（鱼），means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese（中国人），Japanese（日本人）；Swiss（瑞士人）；crossroads（十字路口）；series（系列）等。
The chemical works was set up in 1980.
这家化工厂于1980年建的。
These glass works are far from the city center.
这些玻璃厂离市中心很远。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
为了防止污染，每一种方法都试过了，但天空仍然不清晰。
All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
为了使动植物的生命不受到威胁，所有的方法都试过了。
This species has been completely destroyed for different reasons.
由于不同的原因，这个物种已经被彻底破坏了。
Since so many species have been destroyed, we have to protect the ones that are still with us.
既然那么多的物种已被破坏，我们就得保护那些仍然与我们同在的物种。
3、集体名词作主语
团体性的集体名词表示整体时，其谓语动词用单数形式；但这些集体名词表示集体中若干个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词常见的有family（家庭），crowd（人群），class（班级），public（公众），enemy（敌人），audience（观众），government（政府），group（小组），committee（委员会），team（队），media（媒体），staff（全体职员），crew（全体人员）等。
The audience was deeply moved.
观众深受感动。（整体）
The audience were dressed in a variety of ways, some in suits and some in jeans.
观众衣着各不相同，有的穿套装，有的穿牛仔服。（个体）
A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。（整体）
The team are practicing hard on the playground.
队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。 （个体）
The media is not always reliable.
新闻媒体并不总是可信赖的。 （整体）
The media have made a bitter attack on the Health Minister.
各家媒体对卫生部长进行了严厉的攻击。 （个体）
【小帖士】
表示某一类东西的总称的集体名词，如clothing（衣服）, furniture（家具）, baggage/luggage（行李）, equipment（设备）等，没有复数形式，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
4、用and连接的表示单数概念的主语
有时，一些用and连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数形式。
（1）用and连接的名词表示同一概念的结构作主语时
Bread and butter is nutritious for patients.
奶油面包对病人很有营养。（表示同一概念）
Both bread and butter are on sale here.
这里出售奶油和面包。（and连接两种食品）
A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.
针线给了她，但她不会把钮扣缝起来。（将针线作为一个整体）
Pen and ink is provided in the examination room.
考试室提供笔墨。（将笔墨视为一物）
【百宝箱】
常见的and连接的表示同一概念的短语：
bread and butter（奶油面包） a needle and thread（针线）
milk and water（掺水的牛奶） a knife and fork（一副刀叉）
fish and chips（炸鱼土豆片） a cup and saucer（一套杯盘）
meat and potatoes（肉炒土豆） a horse and cart（一匹马拉的车）
fruit and cream（加奶油的水果） a watch and chain（一只系表带的手表）
（2）“each/every/no + 单数名词+ and + each/every/no + 单数名词”作主语时
Every hour and every minute is precious.
每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。
No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall.
每个人都不允许进入大厅。
（3）“A and B”结构指同一人或同一概念时
Our happiness and misery is due to our own actions.
幸福与否在于我们自己的作为。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。（指同一概念）
【巧辩栏】
有时冠词的使用可以帮助我们判断两个名词是同一还是并列。
The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting.
那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。（只有一个冠词一般指同一个人）
The secretary and the manager spoke at the meeting.
书记和经理都在会上讲了话。（两个名词都有冠词是两个人）
5、“the + 形容词或过去分词”作主语
“the + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如 “the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，伤员们被村民们救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.
这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。
The beautiful is not always useful.
好看的并不总是有用的。
6、表学科的名词做主语
有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics（物理）, mathematics（数学）, economics（经济学）, politics（政治），mechanics(机械学，力学)等，作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Physics makes much use of mathematics.
物理学要大量运用数学。
Economics is her major.
她的主修课程是经济学。
7、表示时间、距离、金额、重量等复数形式作主语
表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待的话，谓语动词通常用单数。
Four hours is enough time to spend repairing the machine.
四个小时足够用来修理那部机器。
Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.
那时五十美金对我来说是一大笔钱。
Twenty kilometers is a quite long distance.
二十公里是一段相当长的距离。
8、分数或百分数作主语
分数、百分比作主语时谓语动词根据后面名词决定单复数。
More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
地球百分之七十以上的表面被水覆盖着。
80 percent of the scientists invited to the conference are men.
被邀请参加大会的科学家百分之八十是男科学家。
One third of the work has been finished.
已完成了三分之一的工作。
One third of the students have not passed the end-of-term examination.
三分之一的学生没能通过期末考试。
9、国家、单位、书报名称作主语
国家、单位、书报名称作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The United States is leading the world in science and technology .
美国在世界科技方面领先。
General Motors sells about 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world.
通用汽车公司汽车的销售总量占世界的百分之十五。
The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world.
《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。
10、名词性物主代词作主语
名词性物主代词作主语时，应根据上下文的意义决定谓语动词的单复数。
Your shoes are clean, while his (= his shoes) are dirty.
你的鞋是干净的，而他的却是脏的。
Ours (=our class) is a united class.
我们班是一个团结的班集体。
11、表示数量的词作主语
一些表示数量的词，如a lot of, half of, all of, none of 等，作主语时，谓语动词的数通常与of后面的名词保持一致。
A lot of workers are on a strike for better pay.
许多工人正在为得到更高报酬而罢工。
Lots of equipment is needed in the laboratory.
实验室需要许多设备。
None of the passengers were aware of the danger.
乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。
None of the money has been spent on repairs.
这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。
12、a number of与the number of作主语
“a number of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of new cars are being shown in the exhibition hall.
展厅里正在展出许多新车。
The number of the cars running on the streets is quite large.
马路上的车流量很大。
【试题播报】
The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
【分析】第一个句子的主语为the number，谓语动词应为单数；第二个句子的主语被由a number of修饰，谓语动词应为复数。故答案为C。
13、the rest of和the majority of结构作主语
the rest of和the majority of结构作主语时，谓语动词的数常与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
The rest of the books were returned to the library.
其余的书都归还给图书馆了。
The rest of the money was given to the villagers.
其余的钱都给了村民。
The majority of his classmates are from the countryside.
他同学大多数来自农村。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损害大部分容易补救。
14、such作主语
such作主语时根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数。
Such is our plan.
这就是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
这些就是他所说的话。
三、就近一致的原则
在一些结构或巨型中，谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。`
1、“there be”和“here be”结构
Here are my replies to your questions.
这些是我对你的问题的回答。
There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plate.
盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些橘子。
2、部分并列连词连接两个主语时
当either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；not…but…；or，nor等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的主语保持一致。
Not only he but also his sisters have been to the Great Wall.
不仅他，还有他姐姐都去过长城。
Either he or you are to blame for it.
不是他就是你必须为此事负责。
Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而应是我对这次耽搁负责。
【试题播报】
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
【分析】本句考查not only…but also连接并列主语时的主谓一致。Not only…but also连接的并列主语应采用就近一致的原则，Jane and Mary充当主语用复数谓语动词，故选B。
3、倒装结构
当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，一些表示“存在”之意的谓语动词，如be, lie, stand等，需和最靠近的主语保持一致。
Between the windows is a picture.
在两个窗户中间挂着一副画。
South of the lake stand two stone towers. 湖泊的南边有两座石塔。
【训练大本营】
一、选出正确选项：
1. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _________ fond of watching television.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. Twenty-five thousand dollars ________ the average income for a medium-sized family in the United States.
A. are B. is C. will be D. be
3. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _______ of desert _______ covered the land.
A. number … has B. quantity … has
C. number … have D. quantity … have
4. John is the only one of the staff members who ________ to be transferred.
A. is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been going
5. ---Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.
--- So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
6. Either you or the headmaster _________ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
7. The first two problems are very different, but the rest _________ easy.
A. is B. are C. was D. is being
8. Ten minutes ________ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A. seemed B. to seem C. seem D. seems
9. The committee __________ among themselves for four hours.
A. has been arguing B. has been argued
C. have been arguing D. have been argued
10. All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home.
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
11. Every means ______ prevent the water from ________ .
A. are used to ; polluting B. get used to; polluting
C. is used to; polluted D. is used to; being polluted
12. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
13. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
14. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
15. The first exercise should be done in class, the rest _______ at home.
A. is to be done B. are to do C. are to be done D. is to do
16. The news I referred to ___________ in today’s paper.
A. are B. be C. have D. is
17. Most of the work ________ by the time we got there.
A. was done B. have been done C. has been done D. had been done
18. All that I want to know ________ why your condition has not improved.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
19. The professor, _______ some of his assistants, _____ to attend our meeting this afternoon.
A. and; is B. as well as; is C. or; are D. except for; are
20. There ______ more than one answer to your question.
A. have been B. has been C. are D. is
21. which of the books do you think _______ best among the best-sellers?
A. sells B. is sold C. are written D. writes
22. Growing at the foot of the hill ______ wild flowers of different colors.
A. is B. are C. was D. have been
23. This kind of stories _______ instructive while stories of that kind _______ harmful to children.
A. is; seems B. are; seem C. is; seem D. are; seems
24. When and where to build a new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
25. ---Has everyone in your class passed the test?
---No, ________ only Tom and Philip who _______ passed it.
A. it was; had B. there is, have C. it is; have D. there were; had
二、改错
1. About one fifths of the workers in the chemical works is from the countryside.
A B C D
2. I wonder if the English-Chinese dictionary I referred to belong to him.
A B C D
3. All of the information in the newspaper are correct.
A B C D
4. It is said that our League secretary as well as some of our classmates are going to take
A B C D
the Band-4 examination.
5. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else are willing to go out for a walk in the rain.
A B C D
6. Each of the passengers have his own room in the ship.
A B C D
7. Your trousers are dirty, you must have it washed at once.
A B C D
8. Every boy and every girl are asked to attend the lecture and make notes.
A B C D
参考答案：
一、选择正确答案
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25 C
二、改错
1. D改为 are 2. D改为 belongs 3. D 改为 is 4. C 改为 is 5. C改为 is willing 6. C 改为 has 7. C改为 them 8. C改为 is
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：新目标八年级英语上册语法复习(人教版高二英语下册教学论文)
新目标八年级英语上册语法复习
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京？
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问
职业。如：
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...? 是特指，
所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ （有特定的范围）
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：
Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，经常）
sometimes（有时候）
never（从不）
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的
动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，
例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，
因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而
自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)；
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，
如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作
法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问：1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball？
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事practice doing sth 练习做某 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth
禁不住做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：
he,she, it，my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：
man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）
3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。
如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是：
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如：
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如：
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如：
child---children
4.单复数同形。如：
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。
即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如：
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些：
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting
临时受雇照顾婴儿
2.shop→shopping 购物
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
1.some变为any。如：
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如：
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：
They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如：
I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.
16) in与after
in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：
He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：
He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。
不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17) 不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
There is a “b” in the word “book”. 单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：
There is an “i” in the word “onion”. 单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗？
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a.如：
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)
a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如：
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little和a few表肯定意义，little和few表否定意义；如：
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有
点儿”。
20) 关于like的用法
like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。
1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：
Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗？
like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）
like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：
Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗？
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：They all like me to sing/singing English songs.
他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子：
A. What does he look like? 他长相如何？(指一个人的外貌特征)
B. What is he like? 他人怎么样？ (指人的性格特点)
C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)
D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似)
21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”
和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。
22) tell, speak, say 与 talk
1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲
述一件事。如：
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.
他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。
Father always tells interesting stories to us.
爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如：
He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如：
David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。
2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：
He can speak English and a little Chinese.
他能讲英语和一点汉语。
speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如：
Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗？
speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如：
The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。
3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to；
如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如：
Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。
He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。
talk about 意为“谈论......”。如：
They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。
have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如：
Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗？
4. say 意为“说”。如：
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗？
say to 意为“对......说”。如：
He said to his students that they would have a test.
他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。
It is said that... 意为“据说”。如：
It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.
据说他能呆在水里很长时间。
23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry!
1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了！对不起！”，一般是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）的事。如：
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?
请问，附近有旅馆吗？
Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下，我能说一些吗？
2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.
对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。
24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at
in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。
1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：
in the morning 在上午 in May, 在五月
in a week 在一周之内（后）
It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.
现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。
2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如：
on Sunday 在星期天 on May Day 在“五一”节
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.
他于204月26日到达北京。
3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：
at 8:00 在八点 at noon 在中午
I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。
It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。
25) Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的词（组），如 others, the other, the others, another,
any other 等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题，平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法：
1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，复数形式是 others;the other
指“两个人或物中的另一个”，其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other + 名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some...others （一些...其余的人...）;the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some...the others.
2、another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合
并构成，所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.
3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名词的单数形式。
26) look 短语
常见的look短语有以下这些：
1.look at 朝......看 (look at=have a look at)
Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。
2.look for 寻找
The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。
3.look like 看起来像
Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。
4.look the same 看上去一样
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。
5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。
6.look over 仔细检查
The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。
7.look after 照顾，照看
You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。
8.look around 到处寻找、查看
We looked around, but we found nothing strange.
我们四处查看，但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。
27) too，also与either
1.too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如：
We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。
Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗？
2.also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：
Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。
3.either用于否定句，一般放在句末。如：
They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。
4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：
We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.
He is a happy boy as well.
28) hard与hardly
1.hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。如：
It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。
句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如：
It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分：hard work 困难的工作
work hard 努力工作
3. hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、
副词和动词之前。如：
I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。
29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times
记忆：sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段)
口诀：分开是一段，相连为某时。分开s是倍次，相连s为有时
1.sometime是时间副词，指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间（某时候或任何时候），不指一段时间。如：
We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.
我们下个月某一时候会去北京。
2.sometimes是频度副词，指“有时”、“不时”的意思（=at times）。如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.
有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。
3.some time是名词词组，指一段时间（一些时间或若干时间）。如：
It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。
4.some times指“几次”。如：
He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。
30) exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物动词，译为“运动，锻炼”。如：
David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。
2.作及物动词，译为“训练”。如：
Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。
3.作名词，译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如：
It's good to do eye exercises every day.
每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。
Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。
I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。
4.注意：exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词，复数形式为exercises；
泛指运动时是不可数名词。
31) maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
32) same与different
1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the，但是如果same前面已
经有this，those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如：
We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。
结构：the same as 与......一样 如：
His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。
2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：
We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。
结构：be different from 与......不同 如：
This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。
33) 动词want的用法
1. want sth. 想要某物
They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。
2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。
4.want doing 需要...
Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。
34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如：
I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.
父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
35) how many与how much
1.how many表示“多少”，对数量提问，后面接可数名词的复数形式。如：
There are four people in my family.
---How many people are in your family? 你家里有几个人？
We have seven classes every day.
---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课？
2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它对不可数名词进行提问。如：
There is some milk in the bottle.
---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶？
3.how much还可以对价格提问，表示“多少钱”的意思。如：
The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.
---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱？
36) with的几个用法
1.with表“和、同、与”。如：
Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗？
2.with表“用、以、被”。如：
Don't write with the red pen. 不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。
3.with表“随着”。如：
Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。
4.with表“带有、有......的”。如：
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。
5.with表“因为、由于”。如：
They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。
6.一些with结构： play with 与......一起玩
be angry with 对......生气
talk with 与......交谈
get on well with与......相处融洽
37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much
1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”,相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词，又
可以修饰不可数名词。如：
I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。
The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。
2.many意为“许多”.它用来修饰可数名词。如：
Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗？
3.much意为“大量”.它用来修饰不可数名词。如：
There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of（=lots of）用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of（=lots of）的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句，要将它们
改为many或much。如：
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
---We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots of soda.
---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗？
38) help用法举例
help既可以作名词，也可以作动词。
1.help作名词，意为“帮助”。如：
He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。
2.help作动词，也是“帮助”的意思。如：
Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗？
3.help的结构：
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
如：They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.
=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.
他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。
39) well的用法
well可以作副词，也可以作形容词。
1.well作副词，意为“（某事干得）好”。如：
The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。
2.well作形容词，意为“健康、安好”。如：
I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。
40) ago与before
ago与before都表示“......以前”，但用法有所区别。
1.ago意为“以前”，表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前，常用于过去时的句子
中。如：He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。
2.before作为副词时表示：
a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时的句子中。如：
The boy had already seen the comedy before.
那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。
b.笼统的“以前”，用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中，一般单独使
用，而ago不可以单独使用。如：
He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。
41) need的用法
1.need作实义动词，意为“需要”。如：
Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗？
2.need作情态动词，一般用于对must的否定回答。如：
---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗？
---No, he needn't. 不，他不必。
3.区分：
a.need作实义动词。
He needs to go.
He doesn't need to go.
Does he need to go?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
b.need作情态动词，一般不用于肯定句。
He needn't go.
Need he go?
Yes, he need./No, he needn't.
42) decide的几种句式
1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。
2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。
3.decide on sth 就某事决定......
Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
4. decide的名词形式为decision，
结构：make a decision，意为“做决定”。如：
He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。
43) too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：
There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：
We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如：
We can carry the heavy box. 我们可以搬得动箱子。
Who can sing an English song? 谁会唱英文歌？
2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
Can it be true? 这会是真的吗？
You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧？
3.表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。如：
Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗？
Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗？
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：非谓语动词专项训练 (人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词专项训练
季市中学高二英语组 刘青青 老师整理
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3. We're _________ to listen to her ________ voice. It's _________ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.
A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
8. The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed
9. With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost
10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
11. The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
12. I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use B. used C. using D. using
13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
14. Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
15. With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
17. He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
18. The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
19. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
20. People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
23. The library's study room is full of students for the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
24. The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
25. Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learnedD. learning
26. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
27. A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
29. The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
30. Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered
31. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling
32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
33. China is one of the largest countries in the world,9.6 million square (平方) kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
34. “We must keep a secret of the thingshere”, the general said,at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared D. discussed, stared
35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36. “Can you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
37. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room
A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written
38. Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten
39. Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking
40. The child sat in the dentist's chair .
A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled
41. At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce
42. He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing
43. I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heared B. hearing C. heard D. to hear
44. The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting
45. The carsin Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing D. producing, producing
46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
48 . a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself about what's going on in the world.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
小试牛刀
~ 年高考题汇编 非谓语动词
1. I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job. （2000全国） A．expect ed B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects
2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year. （2000全国） A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
3. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. （2000北京春季）
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
4. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. （2000北京春季）
A. Given B. To give C. GivingD. Having given
5. As we joined the big crowd I got _________ from my friends. （01全国）
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
6. ________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （01全国） A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
7. _______late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. （01北京春季）
A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept
8. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______them. （01北京春季）
A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．to correct
9.The mother didn't know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. （02全国）
A．who B．when C．how D．What
10. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _________ whether they will enjoy it. （02全国）
A．to see B．to be seen-ぃ茫畇eeing D．Seen
11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.（02全国） A．it what to do with-ぃ拢畐hat to do it with
C．what to do with it-ぃ模畉o do what with it
12. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.（02全国） A．begins B．having begun-ぃ茫産eginning D．Begun
13. ― How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
― The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. （02北京） A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
14. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices. （02北京春季）
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
15. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. （03全国卷） A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked
16. The teacher asked us ______________ so much noise. （03北京）
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
17. _____ time, he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D.Given
18. Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel. （03北京春季） A．tired; boring B．tiring; bored
C．tired; bored D．tiring; boring
19. My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills. （04北京） A for me taking B me taking C for me to take D me to take
20. ______in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）
A To wait B Have waited C Having waited D To have waited
21. Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. （04天津）
A run B running C being run D to run
22. They see you as something of a worrier, problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. （04重庆）
A. settling B. discovering C. seeing D. designing
23. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents . （04重庆）
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
24. There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on -sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary. （04重庆）
A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
25. The man insisted_______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. （04江苏） A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
26. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. （04江苏）
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
27. The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （04江苏）
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
28. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.（04浙江） A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
29. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only______ the film stars had left. （04福建） A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
30. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_____ the exam. （04福建） A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing
31. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （04广东）
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
32. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it-you’ve got some big bills coming. （04广东）
A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
33. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. （04广西）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
34. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. （04广西）
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
35. You were silly not ____ your car. （04湖南）
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
36. with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all （04湖北） A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared
37. I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . （04辽宁）
A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard
38. by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . （04辽宁）
A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted
39. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ____ TV. （04上海）
A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
40. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （04上海）
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused
41. The flowers __sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
42. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海） A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
43. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________. （04上海）
A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
44. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. （04全国I） A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change
45. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）
A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced
46. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. （04全国II） A looking B to look C looked D having looked
47. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when___ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV） A questioning B have questioned C questioned D to be questioned
48. Alice returned from the manager’s office, ______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. （04全国IV） A having told B tells C to tell D telling
49. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04北京春季） A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
50. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ______ ? （04上海春季） A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
51. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing. （04上海春季） A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
52. Victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan. （04上海春季）
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
53. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ______. （04上海春季）
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
54. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _________ the girl and took her away, _________ into the woods. （04上海春季）
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized.., disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
55. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
56. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not __________. (05北京卷)
A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave
57. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ___vacation to China. (05北京卷) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
58. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________. (05北京卷)
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
59. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. （05山东卷）
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
60. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
61. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (05广东卷)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
62. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well . （05湖北卷）
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
63. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）
A．Being separated B．Having separated
C．Having been separated D．To be separated
64. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
65. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. （05湖南卷）
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
66. ---- Is Bob still performing?
---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official (05江苏卷)
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
67. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (05江苏卷) A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
68. ________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. (05江西卷)
A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure
69. I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better. (05江西卷)
A．liking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
70. The manager, ___ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西卷)
A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making
71. While watching television, __________. （05全国卷3）
A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings
72. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away. （05全国卷3）
A．run B．running C．to run D．ran
73. The storm left, _________ a lot of damage to this area . （05全国卷1）
A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused
74. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. （05上海卷） A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
75. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
76. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. （05上海卷） A. had B. having C. to have D. have
77. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. （05上海卷）
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
78. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. （05浙江卷）
A．To find out B．Finding out C．Find out D．Having found out
79. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun. （05重庆卷）A. had B. have C. to have D. having
80. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it____ often enough. （05天津卷）A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
81. I don't want _______like I' m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （05天津卷）]
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
82. I really can't understand ______ her like that. （05安徽卷）
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
83. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. （05辽宁卷）
A．in order to have received B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving
非谓语动词强化训练
Keys: 1~20: BCBBC CDCCC BBBBD DABCD 21~40: DBBCC ADDCC ACDBC ABCAB 41~50: BBCDB BABBC
2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编 非谓语动词
BCBAA AABAB CDBBB DDADC BCADC CDBBD CADCB DDBCC BABAB ACDDB CCBDD CBABA ABCAC ABBCD CBDBAC CAADD ADC
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 6(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
restaurant饭店 bank银行 another另一个 Queen皇后
market市场 dormitory宿舍 playground运动场 lucky幸运的
2、短语
in the middle of在---的中间 police station警察局 next to在---的旁边
sports stadium运动场 in front of在---的前面 in the front row在前排
3. 句子
1) Excuse me. How can I get to the post office?
打扰了。怎样可以到邮局 ？
2) Can you tell me the way to the train station, please?
请问你能告诉我去火车站的路吗？
3) Is there a No.25 bus-stop near here? 这里附近有25路车的车站吗？
4) Walk along this street./ Go straight down this street.
沿着这条街一直走。
5) Go past the department store. 走过百货商店。
6) Turn left into Park Road. Take the second road on the right.
向左转入公园路。走右边的第二条路。
7) It’s five kilometers away. It’s a long way from here.
离这大约5公里。离这有一段很长的路。
8) It’s 100 metres along on the left. 沿这一直走，在左边大约100米处。
篇8：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 7(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
wind-windy风-有风的 cool凉的 summer夏天 mountain山
rain-rainy雨-下雨的 wet湿的 blow吹 sea海
sun-sunny太阳-晴朗的 hot热的 start开始 ice冰
snow-snowy雪-下雪的 most大部分 miss想念 cover覆盖
cloud-cloudy云-多云的 warm温暖的 photograph相片
last(动)持续;(形)上一个 leaf-leaves叶子(单/复数)
2、短语 ：go skiing去滑雪 fall down跌倒 run away流走
How long …?多久…? in the sky在天空 the Great Wall长城
take sb’s temperature量体温 lots of许多
3、句子
1) What’s the weather like in winter in Beijing?--- It’s cold and dry.
北京冬天的天气如何? --- 又冷又干。
2) How are you getting on with your study? 你的学习情况进展如何？
3) When is spring here?---It lasts for three months from February to April.这里的春天是什么时候？--- 从二月到四月持续三个月。
4) What’s your favourite season?---It’s autumn.
你最喜欢的季节是哪个---秋天。
5) There are many different kinds of weather in China.
在中国许多不同种类的天气。
6) The sun shines brightly. 阳光灿烂。
篇9：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 4(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
dollar元 change零钱 sugar糖 second秒
fruit水果 present礼物 race竞赛 list一览表
pound磅 pineapple凤梨 place 位置 expensive贵的
cheap便宜的
2、短语
paint brush画笔 come to 合计
from the left/right从左边（右边）
3、句子
1) We need some rice. 我们需要一些大米。
2) How much do they cost ? 他们值多少钱？
3) How much does she pay ? 她付多少钱？
4) What’s the difference between picture A and picture B.
图A和图B的区别是什么?
5) He didn’t have breakfast, so he is hungry now.
他没吃早餐, 所以现在他饿了。
6) Anything else? 还要别的吗?
篇10：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 3(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
paint绘画 geography地理 spell拼写 worst最坏的
meaning意思 mean意思是 history历史 best 最好的
biology生物 politics政治 meeting 会议 practise 练习
person人
2、短语
five minutes past nine九点五分 half past ten十点半
quarter to seven 六点四十五分 quarter past five 五点十五分
3、句子
1）When does he do his homework ? 他什么时候做功课？
2）I hate/like getting up late. 我讨厌/喜欢晚起床。
篇11：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 5(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
January一月 February二月 March三月 April四月
May五月 June六月 July七月 August八月
September九月 November十一月 December十二月
T-shirt圆领衫 together一起 Party党 letter信件
early初 place地方 pen-friend笔友
2、短语： Teachers’ Day教师节 May Day劳动节
full moon满月 moon cake月饼 Children’s Day儿童节
New Year’s Day元旦 Women’s Day妇女节
3、句子
1) There are twelve months in a year. 一年有十二个月。
2) What’s the date? --- It’s October 1, our National Day.
今天几号？--- 十月一号，我们的国庆节。
3) What day is it ? --- It’s Monday. 今天星期几？--- 星期一。
4) We’ll have a birthday party. 我们将举行一个生日晚会。
5) I’m sorry. ---Never mind! It’s all right. 对不起。--- 不要紧！没关系。
6) I’ll give a card to Mary on her Birthday. --- That’s a great/good idea.
在马丽的生日那天，我将给她送一张卡片。--- 那是个好主意。
7) Mid- Autumn Festival and Spring Festival are special festivals in China. 中秋节和春节是中国特别的节日。
篇12：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 1(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
London伦敦 Germany德国 Spain西班牙 term学期
Walu华露 India 印度 New Zealand 新西兰
Moscow莫斯科 Toronto 多伦多 Madrid马德里 building大楼
New York纽约 Singapore新加坡 Berlin柏林 Italy 意大利
class teacher班主任 Auckland 奥克兰 Paris巴黎 Tokyo东京
2、短语
on weekdays周一至周五 at the age of ten 在十岁时
answer the questions回答问题 far from远离
3. 句子
1）I hope you all become good friends. 我希望你们都成为好朋友。
2）A good beginning helps to make a good end.
好的开头有助于取得好的结果。
3）How are you? I’m very well. 你（身体）好吗？我很好（健康）。
4) How do you do? 你好吗？
5) Do you often get to school early ? 你经常早上很早上学吗？
篇13：初三英语词汇复习Book1A Unit 2(新目标版九年级英语教案教学设计)
广州市东圃中学 张虹
1、单词
before在---之前 bowl碗 hear 听见
hold拿 granddad爷爷，外公
2、短语
brush one’s teeth 刷牙 put…into 把---放进---
go shopping 去购物 Hurry up !赶快！
do morning exercises做早操 go running 去跑步
feed the cat 喂猫 How often…? 多久一次---？
go swimming去游泳
3、句子
1) They are good at playing basketball. 他们擅长打篮球。
2) It’s time to have lunch/for lunch. 该吃午饭了。
3) She’s never late for school. 她从不迟到。
4) All the family are trying to help her. 全家人都努力帮她。
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