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托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得

时间：2022-08-20 07:38:32 读后感收藏本文下载本文

托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得（共6篇）由网友“陨石拿铜”投稿提供，下面就是小编整理过的托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得，希望大家喜欢。

托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得

篇1：托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得

【高分经验】托福阅读避免做题时间不足2条心得分享

托福阅读单篇文章的解题时间不得超过20分钟

一般情况下如果不遇到加试的情况下，你有60分钟来应对3篇700字左右的文章及42道左右的题目。如果你按照20分钟一篇文章来解题的话，那么时间刚刚好是60分钟。但是大家需要知道的是托福阅读3篇文章的难易度是不一样的，如果前面的文章偏难一些的话，那么你多花些时间后面文章简单一些问题还不大，但如果前面的文章题目较简单你同样是用20分钟，在后面遇到较难的文章和题目的时候时间问题就会比较严重了。

所以这里小编建议大家在托福阅读考试的时候面对第一篇阅读做题时间最好不要超过20分钟。否则之后很有可能遇到时间不够用的情况。而如果到最后时间快到的时候你后面的题目还没有来得及看完就只能靠猜了，这样解题正确率将会大打折扣。

除非天赋异禀否则不要通读全文再做题

很多托福考生都会有这样一个习惯，就是先将托福阅读文章通读一遍，然后再去看题目。但在小编看来，如果你的阅读水平不是极高天赋异禀的话，还是不建议建议大家这样做。因为如果你的的阅读水平不够，或者词汇量积累不足，很有可能光是阅读文章就会消耗掉大部分考试时间，这就会导致没有时间去看题找答案。

当然通读全文的做法也并非完全不可取。如果这篇文章是你曾经读过的，比如在机经真题中做到过，那么就算你一字一句读也不会浪费太多时间;还有一种情况就是前面提到的，考生的阅读水平极高，可以快速看懂阅读文章，这样的少数考生自然有底气使用通读全文的做题方式。

托福阅读的突击复习如何进行

1、题型——注重解题方法

托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，

比如：

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。

再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。

在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。

2、主题——增加背景知识

有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。

若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。

除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!

管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是：无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。

托福阅读长难句解析训练

Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

难句类型：复杂修饰+插入成分

本句的主句结构应当是Sediments are also dropped，but will be located inland at some future date; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick. 这是一个由分号隔开的并列句，分号前面的句子结构比较复杂，Sediments are also dropped ，后面跟了一个由where引导的状语从句，紧接着这个状语从句又加上了一个插入结构， the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first，然后才开始进行转折but will be located inland at some future date，但是马上又跟上了一个由when 引导的状语从句。分号后面的半句比较简单 such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.同学们面对这样的句子一定要先找主干，把状语从句、插入结构纷纷跳过，从纷繁复杂的句子中找出主干来，才能不被ETS出题人改写的句子所迷惑。

译文：

当河流汇入湖泊和海洋的时候也会有沉淀，这些沉淀最初在湖底或海底，但将来海平面下降或者陆地崛起时，它们就会分布于内陆，通常厚达几千米。

意群训练：

托福阅读做题策略分析

从题型来看，TOEFL阅读的特点是题量大，涉及的词汇面广。要想考好阅读，要求考生不光有扎实的英语基础，还需要精准的做题策略。

第一步：花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，做一个简短的scanning，定位文章难易程度，以及了解文章大致主题。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右，所以这其中的时间安排就需要考生自主调节。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题甚至是来不及做，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难易程度，同时目测文章的题量分布，这有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间，是非常必要的。

第二步：通过阅读文章结构来进一步进行scanning。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。 TOEFL文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，大多是结构明确的议论文、说明文，它们最显著的特点是呈板块结构。 TOEFL文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题，然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，同时也应该看一下第二句，如果有转折词，则此时第二句才是这一段的主旨。没有必要每个句子都理解，很多时候这样做无疑是白白浪费时间。以最快捷的方式了解文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。而自始至终考生应该遵循这条原则：看完文章，才能开始做题。

做题时，考生们应该明白以下道理：

1、有据可循。每篇文章题目都根据文章布局一步一步向前推进，即使有个别题打乱文章布局，在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。

2、回归原文。做题时，根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域，同时排除相应的选项。

3、整句分析。遇到难句子时，应该对其进行句子结构分析，排除修饰成分，寻找主干部分，从而迅速把握整个句子的意思，不要盯着单个的词不放，不然就会因小失大。

4、基于事实。每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说，命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏，用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪，找到符合文章意思和题意的选项。

篇2：托福阅读时间不足如何解决?

托福阅读时间不足如何解决?3个快速读文章方法步骤了解一下

第一步：提速从开头段开始

花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为18分钟，但是有的文章不需要这么多时间便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要额外多花一点时间。

一般来说，3篇文章的难度是有差别的，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度较大，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步：把握文章类型结构

所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均议论文、说明文，最显著的特点是呈板块结构。因此考生要做的就是通过大量阅读同类文章学会把握这种学术体类型的文章结构，从而提升对此类文章的熟练度，确保在考试中能够第一时间摸准文章结构找到自己需要重点查看的内容。

第三步：重点看各段落首句

托福阅读文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子都精读，这种做法不仅理解难度大，而且不涉及考题，在这些细节部分过多停留无疑是白白浪费时间。大家只需要读完每段第一句知道本段大意，之后的解题有需要的再返回定位找找细节就可以了。

托福阅读长难句练习：当权者妨碍司法

Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories，which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups(these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

=Historians/ such as Le Roy Ladurie/ have used the documents to extract case histories/，which have illuminated the attitudes/ of different social groups/ (these attitudes include/，but are not confined to/，attitudes toward crime and the law)/and have revealed/ how the authorities administered justice/.

#史学家/如Le Roy Ladurie/曾经利用这些文献去提取出个案史/，它们说明了态度/不同社会群体的/(这些态度包括/，但并非局限于/，对犯罪和法律的态度)/，并揭示出/当权者是如何妨碍司法的。

.个句子本来很容易理解，但是在中间用括号加了一个句子，打乱了读者的思路，使句子的难度增加。但是我们知道括号中的内容是补充内容，也就是可有可无，没有它原句仍然成立，所以我们可以跳过括号看全句，读完再看括号中的内容。这个句子如果变成…which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups that include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and the law…难度又增加了，所以有些内容可以跳过，或者存放在脑中的另一部分，不去打扰句子的主要意思。

托福阅读题型：阅读中的指代题答题技巧

这一节按照主从一致的基本标准做3个题目

例一

From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.

12. The word “these” in the passage refers to(2)

A religious ceremonies

B descriptions

C types of ware

D pots

解析：画线句子中，although必然引导从句，所以these 应和主句的主语一样。主句Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots,中，因为状语和of之后的后置定语都不是主要,tion又一定是名词后缀。所以tions一定就是主句主语。因此答案是B. 看似很难的题目，很简单就可以得出结论。

例二

Animals need natural periodic signals like sunrise to maintain a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours. Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does so day after day-seems to keep the internal clock's period close to that of Earth's rotation.

11. The word “it” in the passage refers to (1)

A an external cue such as sunrise

B the daily rhythm of an animal

C the local solar day

D a cycle whose period is precisely 24 hours

解这个题，同样的道理我们一眼落实到这个句子上了Such an external cue not only coordinates an animal's daily rhythms with particular features of the local solar day but also—because it normally does。。。;it 肯定和主句主语一致。找一下：not only do but also do明显是动词，前面的一定是主语。答案a

例三：语序错乱，一样找

They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.

The word “they” in the passage refers to (1)

A statues

B gateways

C temples

D pillared courts

这个题我们应该落实到画线句子。Where引导的从句是必然了。那主句的主语在哪里?我们看到前面有效标点符号或者说,明显界标性质的地方是for instance,而后面不成一句(地点怎么会是一句话呢)所以我们界定这个for instance作为插入语是在影响我们思维的，那么删掉好了。往前找，主语是Other statues，很明显没有跟它争的了：) 因为后面是动词“是”。直接找ABCD里面有Other statues的就好了。

精准定位关键字助你提高托福阅读速度

直对思路

若大家想要轻松的攻克托福阅读的内容，我们必须快速的领悟到托福阅读中的主题思路和脉络。对于很多初入托福阅读练习的学生，往往还是习惯于用之前的高考英语阅读等一些方法，对里面的内容寻找答案，其实，这样的思路并不合理。要知道在托福阅读的文章中，基本所有答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。所以，我们大家在答题过程中，我们也要学会领会老外的思维逻辑，不要刻意将题目想的过于复杂化。

清晰定位

当大家做托福阅读练习时，可能在10个人里会有九个会说：时间不够。把原因做个总结，将我们词汇和句型的基础问题除外，阅读方法和技巧也是一个非常重要的环节。针对文章里有的关键词和原文定位，大家依然要讲求直接和细心的。提醒考生在解答托福阅读题时，最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

巧用关键字

那么，既然说到了文章的定位，我们又该如何去找到一个定位词呢?其实，找到一个定位词不能过于盲目，只有精确的找到的关键词，才能对之后的答题效率和准确性带来更好的帮助。比如，阅读文章中考查点经常与转折、比较、否定以及因果等这些逻辑有很大的联系，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。当然，有关技术上的空泛而谈依然是要到真正的考试里，才能让大家体会到其真正的效果，所以，需要提醒大家，对于托福阅读来说，必要的练习量还是不能少的。

托福阅读时间不足如何解决?

篇3：托福阅读做题时间紧怎么办

托福阅读做题时间紧怎么办?把握好这几点快速提升阅读速度

1.养成良好的英文阅读习惯

如果你每天能有那么十几二十分钟想用来读书，你离成功也就不远了。关于考试中的阅读习惯，有一点需要强调：抓重点。大家都知道精读和泛读。平常把这两种阅读习惯结合好，考试中就把精读留给核心信息部分，把泛读留给非核心或是次要细节部分。关于如何判断核心与非核心，我们上课会详细告诉大家怎样去分析长难句，怎样去把握段落结构以及怎样去理解文章中心思想。

2.循循渐进，达到标准

在平时托福阅读练习中就要控制好完成时间，给自己先定个目标，半个小时内做完，达到这个目标后，在逐渐缩短在20分钟内，约束自己按规定时间完成。

3.通过阅读模考练习把握做题时间

模考可以让你最大程度地适应考场环境和考试氛围，把一些影响做题时间的非技术性因素最大程度地削弱。比如紧张，注意力不集中，考试软件操作不熟练等等。同时模考能让你比较真实地看到自己的做题时间，老师也可以及时地根据考生的模考分数给出相应的评价和建议。

4.一些托福阅读技巧也有助益

要想取得高分，技巧是能力最大的辅助。这一个高效的解题方法，同样能够大大提升解题的速度。首先，我们会教你怎么读文章。学会正确的阅读顺序，学会抓大放小，学会边读边悟。其次，我们会教你怎么读题干和选项。学会擦亮双眼，抓关键词，排干扰项。最后，我们还会教你怎么辩题型定方法。学会按步骤做题，学会准确定位，学会逻辑思维。如果以后有机会，我们也可以为大家分享一些好用的解题步骤和方法。

5.做阅读着眼于全局

不管什么考试，一定要学会顾全大局，特别不擅长特别耽误你时间的题要敢于放弃，这样反而可以帮你获得更多的分数。当然，考试时的放弃只是暂时的，考完后更要有针对性地对那些难题进行强化训练，必要的时候需找到老师进行答疑。

托福阅读做题时间不够用是因为大家的做题速度不够快，建议大家在平时做托福阅读练习的时候注意提升自己的做题速度，不仅要养成良好的阅读习惯，还要多做模考把握时间，考前要掌握做题技巧帮助自己提升速度。如果在考试中时间不够用，建议大家从全局着眼，以多得分为目的有侧重地做题。

托福阅读中需要留心的三大项

因为我们所受的教学方法的影响，托福阅读考试相对而言是我们的强项。既然是强项就更不能失去优势了。下面，专家给广大托福考生提个醒，关于托福阅读技巧需要我们留心的三件事，期望我们充分发挥优势。

第一，托福阅读：词汇量是要害。

各位如果觉得托福阅读考试很难的话，请你必定要肯拿出时间来背单词。磨刀不误砍柴工，这句话一点都不假。即使你用一周时间，能把80%的单词都记住，那也是很值得的。

第二，托福阅读的做题次序。

现在还有人问，先看疑问再读文章，又说自己不习惯等等。其实，这个喜好在你自己。假设你觉得“先看疑问再读文章，并且找到答案就间断，再读下一个疑问”这样很习惯，那就坚持下去。如果你觉得全部文章读完再做心里踏实，那就读完好了。

第一题，一般都是主旨题。先不管。从第二题开始，看疑问，然后看是读第一段。不管有没有找到答案，把这一段读完再停。这样，如果词基本知道，语句结构比较清楚的话，答案差不多就出来了。接下来仍是这样，即使那一段很长，我也是读完一整段再做题。

可是这里要着重一下。如果你的托福阅读程度不是特别高的话，当你读完一段，有些疑问的答案你可能已经知道了，可是仍需要定位到原文，再看一遍。看看问题问的是不是的确是你得出的答案等等。总归一句话，托福阅读的答案都是从文章里来的，假设和文章对立了或者文章没有这些说法，那就必定不是准确答案!

第三，托福阅读解题技巧。

遇到不确定的问题，先从原文找到定位，然后把确定不对的选项排除。就算是瞎蒙，50%也比25%好。这个也是做主旨题的一贯准则。等你把文章通篇都读完了，再回过头看这个选项的时候，不准确的说法就可以排除了(如果你是最后做主旨题的话，一定不要忘了，还有一道题!)

推荐托福阅读中使用限时练习，把做过的阅读里出现的单词题的准确选项都摘录下来，尽管重复的几率不大，可是有些词是常常出现的。

上面的三件事就是我们在备考托福阅读考试的过程中最需要留心的。只要把优势发挥出来，趋利避害，就能达到最佳的效果，预祝大家获得好成绩。

托福阅读中的五大类后置定语

后置定语，顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后，定语就是起到起到修饰限定作用的短语，注意是短语而不是句子，本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。

下面我跟大家总结一下托福阅读中后置定语的分类总结：

托福阅读后置定语第一类：形容词做后置定语。如：fossil available.即为可用的化石。

托福阅读后置定语第二类：介词短语做后置定语。如lava on the surface，中 on the surface介词短语修饰lava，表示为表面上的熔岩。

托福阅读后置定语第三类：现在分词短语做后置定语。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定the blood vessels，理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。

托福阅读后置定语第四类：过去分词短语做后置定语，the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the gradual drying of the soil，理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。

托福阅读后置定语第五类：不定式短语做后置定语。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修饰 the ability，理解为吸收水的能力。

托福阅读的定位词简析

即使考出了高分成绩，进入国外知名大学的校门，中国的学生依然面临着巨大的挑战。在国外的大学，中国学生的刻苦程度是难以想象的，但是当面临堆积如山的“Reading List”的时候，发现无论大家怎么刻苦，还是无法浏览教授要求的所有书目，更何况还要写出好的阅读笔记。

然而另中国学生惊讶的是，西方的学生平时并不怎么努力，一天有很多娱乐的时间，却可以在一天甚至几个小时，就能完成一本书的论文撰写，而且写的还相当漂亮。这都是由中西方文化的教育方式的不同造成的后果。中国始终强调阅读要细嚼慢咽，细细阅读;而西方从小培养浏览式的泛读，所以大家现在就要培养抓关键词，抓重点的阅读能力，无论为考试还是为国外生存，重中之重就是定位词的把握。

首先介绍一下，什么是定位词?

其实很简单，打个比方，你和朋友约好了去酒吧，朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面，这个酒吧你是不知道地点的，也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知，那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的，就是用来定位的词汇，而酒吧则是你的目的所在，也便是你要找的答案。

定位词的称呼有很多，如关键词，主旨词，功能词，中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了，含义都是一致的：一个可以根据题干回原文定位，并能够找到出处的词，这个题干中的词就是定位词 or key word。

定位词有什么样的特征?

定位词总体特征：不可变性和细节性

不可变性：定位词是用来定位的，所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇，才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

细节性：不要找大概念的词汇，更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇，无法定位。

如， 95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption ofMount St.Helens

下面有一道选择题是“ According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and othervolcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

拿这道题为例，如果大家把Mount St.Helens 作为关键词回原文进行定位，那你会郁闷致死，全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发，原文有N多个Mount St.Helens，所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词，但他违背了细节性，是概括性的词汇，也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

究竟哪些词在阅读当中充当定位词?

以下是定位词的分类：

1.特殊词汇

在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊，这种词很容易被记住，也很容易回原文定位。

好比，在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

一个人的个子超高，像姚明一样------特殊长

一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服，而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

特殊怪，特殊长，特殊难

这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征，在文中看到这样的词，一定要警惕。如，

Sequoia 美洲杉 ---特殊怪，很好定位，也经常作为考点。

sodium 【化学】钠---特殊难，大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

Simultaneous 同时的---特殊长，这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

2.数字：通常指时间，金钱和百分比。

有一个道题目是这样问的：

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因，段落全是英文，突然跑出来几个数字，十分显眼，也就很好回原文找到他们。

3.专有名词：斜体字，大写人名,地名，大写的专有名词，这一点大家都很熟悉，不用多说。

4.特殊符号：

在特殊符号里或者旁边的词，最好通过符号回原文进行定位，如“paper conversation”，(three cubicmiles) 这些词本身并没有什么特别，但放在符号里面，就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

总之，在国外考试的阅读中，无论是阅读文章，还是回答后面的10几道题目，定位词的寻找，都是一种有效的应试策略，更是学术文章的阅读的重要方法。

篇4：托福阅读做题时间老是不够用

托福阅读做题时间老是不够用

第一步：提速从开头段开始

花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。

一般来说，4篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度较大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步：把握文章类型结构

第三步：重点看各段落首句

托福阅读：抓住难句的主干

1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)

2.同位语

3.并列结构

4.that引导的各种从句

5.插入结构

6.独立主格

7.倒装句

8.强调句

9.虚拟语气

对于不同类型的难句，把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例，主要有下列情况：

1.方位副词放在句首采集者退散

Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。

2.介词放在句首

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。

3. 形容词放在句首

Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。

4.过去分词放在句首

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”， the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。

5.现在分词放在句首

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。

句子倒装的目的主要有两个：

一是被提前的部分被强调，如上述的第四句：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are之后：Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前，是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡，否则将导致头重脚轻的效果，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例，按照正常语序应该是：Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕，因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans)，而谓语部分were missing until recently较短，容易造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前，避免了这一现象。

托福阅读长难句：钢梁建筑的墙体结构

For example, in traditional architecture, stone or brick walls served a structural role, but in a steel-beam building the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams, which meant that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways. (TPO37, 50)

beam /bi?m/ n. 梁

skeleton /'sk?l?tn/ n. 骨骼，骨架

分析：

这个句子的主干：

stone or brick walls served a structural role, but the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams

修饰一：(For example) ，介词短语

中文：例如

修饰二：(in traditional architecture) ，介词短语

中文：在传统建筑设计中

修饰三：(in a steel-beam building) ，介词短语

中文：在钢梁的建筑中

修饰四：(which meant) ，从句

中文：意味着

修饰五：(that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways.) ，从句

中文：墙和角落不再需要是实心的而是以一种意外的方式能够打开

参考翻译：

例如，在传统的建筑设计中，石头墙或砖墙起到了结构性作用，但在钢梁的建筑中，墙本质上是悬挂在钢梁的内在骨架上，这意味着墙和角落不再需要是实心的而是以一种意外的方式能够打开。

篇5：托福阅读做题步骤

备考托福阅读须知的题型简介

词汇题：

考查读者根据上下文理解特定词和短语的能力。这种题型虽难度不大，但占每篇文章后所有题目的三分之一，故考生仍应重视起来。

指代关系题：

考查读者认定代词与其它首语重复机制以及先行词/后置词的关系的能力。

考查读者认定文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。

插话题：

考查读者将特定的一句话插入文章顺序相连的四个句子之间的能力。这个题型是国内考试常见的Cloze Test的进一步发展，可谓技高一筹。

要完成任务，读者必须深入理解各个句子间的词汇、语法和逻辑联系。这是新题型，有相当难度，考生应特别重视。

事实信息题：

考查读者抓住文章中阐明的信息，并排除干扰回答问题的能力。读者的任务是在题中某意译的短语选出一个与文章中某相应句子建立对应关系。此题型虽然有难度，数量也较大，但属于老题型。

正误判断题：

考查读者根据文章中阐明的信息，判断题中的短语哪些是正确的，哪些是错误的或文章没有提到的信息。

推论题：

文章中有些论点/观点没有明确阐述，但却强烈暗示出来了。例如，结果引出了，推论题就可能问造成结果的起因。如果文中有比较，推论题就可能问及比较的基础是什么。

如果文中有对某一新现象的明确阐述，推论题就可能要求推论旧现象的特征。推论题虽然是传统题型，但难度很大，需要考生花大功夫准备。

修辞目的题：

考查读者透过表面特定的修辞方法/方式发掘潜在的目的能力。要求读者发现外在修辞特征背后的修辞目的。

所有的托福阅读题型都是基于文章本身的，小编建议大家在备考的时候，可以从文章入手，结合题目的特点，更加有针对性的理解和掌握，而且也不容易出

托福阅读备考的做题步骤小结

解题步骤：

托福阅读第1步：区分TOPIC/MI(黑体句)

TOPIC：概念/研究对象。(可从文章的题目看出)

MI：作者对TOPIC的看法/结论/发现/关系/描述/意图。(仅对TOPIC做解释的选项通常是错的)

托福阅读第2步：回原文定位MI.

MI：前三段的段首或者段末出现。

具有以下特点：a,转折句。(HOWEVER,BUT等) b，设问句。(自问自答) c，首段末句—》结论，科学发现。 d，因果句。 e,明显分类描述/明显数量概述/复数名词。

托福阅读第3步：各段的首句/各段的开始部分—sub idea。

筛选答案的技巧

1).MI/SI的统一改写。(概括性语言)

2).对MI的支持。支持：重现MI的完整关系，概念对应展开!

3)分清主谓宾!重点!!!

把给出的黑体字句子的主谓宾列出来~简单的列为_(主语)+_(谓语)+_(宾语)。

则可以把所有的MI句子写成一个数学的函数表示公式：

MI: F(x)=A(x[主语])+B(x[谓语])+C(x[宾语])

则那么所有的SI为MI公式的一个根：

SI:F(1)=A(1[主语的分支])+B(1[谓语动词不变或者为同义词])+C(1[宾语不变])。

则那么下面给出的6个选项只要按照SI的公式对应比较就能知道是否为正确答案，无需知道文章说了什么，只要分析选项的主谓宾是否是对MI的一个分支的扩展，并且造成的结果一样就能选出正确的答案了。

例子：

OG第一篇阅读：THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS的13-14题。

这道题的MI黑体字句子是：this passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales,porpises,and dolphins.

分析主谓宾可以知道：fossil(主语)+help to explain(谓语)+origins of cetaceans(宾)

然后看答案。

1.recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mamals and cetaceans.

很容易的划出主干： fossils(主语的分支) +helped to show(谓语动词理解一样) +the link(宾语一致)

所以1正确。

2.the discovery of A__ provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.

划出主干：A_x(化石，又是MI主语的分支)+ provided evidence (谓语动词理解一样)+宾语

所以2也正确。

5.fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found。

主干：fossils(MI主语的分支)+were found(因为找到所以提供的证据，帮助理解，和MI谓语动词理解一样)

所以5也正确。

托福阅读考试对于初学者来说最难的不是单词，而是考试时间不足，因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候，十分不适应托福的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题，所以在考前找到一个适合自己的托福阅读方法是至关重要的。

托福阅读之如何快速定位

很多做过托福阅读的考生都有过一种郁闷的感受，那便是看了很久的托福阅读文章，掌握了很多看似有用的信息，结果一做题发现白看了半天，有用信息不多。托福阅读试题题量较大，并且无用信息占绝大多数，我们怎么能一步到位定位到关键有用的信息上呢?专家给出了一些见解。

首先，跟托福阅读试题有关的关键词往往不是一个词在战斗，这也就是为什么要说找关键词和他的小伙伴们。而很多学生会在这个时候倔强地非要找到一个单词来定位，往往是白费功夫。

那到底什么是关键词?我们先来看一类托福阅读考试中所占比重很大的题型——细节题。细节题的出题方式，OG所给的官方解释中有以下几种：

According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?

The author’s description of Xmentions which of the following?

According to the paragraph, Xoccured because…

According to the paragraph, Xdid Ybecause…

According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?

当我们将这些可能的托福阅读文章中的出题方式纵向对比去看，共同点不难发现，那就是所有的题干当中都有一个X。而这个X就是我们题干当中的主要信息点，也就是我们应该用来定位的关键词。

当然，有时候我们并不需要用整个X来定位，X当中某些部分，例如专有名词，时间地点，等等，可以帮助我们快速准确地定位回原文。

除了用题干的信息定位，考生还常常会碰到用选项定位的情况。选项定位和题干定位大体的原则是一样的，但选项定位有这样一个特殊的地方——我们可以用“绝对性”单词去定位。什么叫做绝对性单词?顾名思义就是那些表达意义较为绝对的单词，常见的有best, only等等。这种定位方式仅适用于选项定位，因为选项通常较短，信息较单一，便于排除。

做托福阅读试题的时候切忌一点一点研究文中所有词的意思，一定要懂得抓住关键，托福阅读文章的关键词定位是做好托福阅读的重中之重。在平时的阅读练习中一定要多多总结自己学到的方法来解决问题，一味的白用功是不会对提高成绩有所帮助的。

篇6：托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率

托福阅读答题时间不足如何提升效率?迅速答题2个实用小技巧分享

托福阅读时间不足是普遍问题

很多托福考生都说，也许在托福阅读中，最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4，CET6，与高考也是有区别的，因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读，20题，而且这些考试都没有要求做完没门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候，十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。

托福阅读省时提速技巧分享

1. 只看首句

1 即先阅读文章的首段前4行，注意这里不是前2行，因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成，大多数中国学生只知道看完首句，然后他们就崩溃了，因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2. 直接做题

然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题，跳过不做，放到最后来做，其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认，比如数字，大写字母，拼写十分怪异的单词等等，当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案

A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.

Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The function of the voice in performance

(B) The connection between voice and personality

(D) The production of speech

2. What does the author mean by stating that, “At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen” (lines 9-10)?

(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.

(B) The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.

(D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

3. The word “Here” in line 10 refers to

(A) interpersonal interactions

(B) the tone

(D) words chosen

4. The word “derived获得” in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) discussed

(B) prepared

(D) obtained

5. Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in line 17?

(A) As examples of public performance

(B) As examples of basic styles of communication

(D) To introduce the idea of self-image

6. According to the passage , an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's

(A) general physical health

(B) personality

(D) vocal quality

7. According to the passage , an overconfident front may hide

(A) hostility

(B) shyness

(D) strength

8. The word “drastically激烈地” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently

(B) exactly

(D) easily

9. The word “evidenced表明” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) questioned

(B) repeated

(D) exaggerated 夸大，夸张

10. According to the passage , what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?

(A) lethargy

(B) depression

(D) anger

答案：

BBADA BBCCD

托福考试阅读真题回忆

Passage One

学科分类：Economy

题目： England’s Economy in sixteenth century

文章原题：

England’s Economy in sixteenth century

In the last half of the sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe due to a combination of demographic, agricultural and industrial factors. The population of England and Wales grew rapidly from about 2.5million in the 1520s to more than 3.5 million in 1580, reaching about 4.5 million in 1610.Reduced mortality rates and increased fertility, the latter probably generated by expanding work opportunities in manufacturing and farming (leading to earlier marriage and morechildren), explained this rapid rise in population. While epidemics and plagueoccasionally took their toll, the people in England still suffered less than did those in continental Europe. Furthermore, the country had been pulled out of the war that occurredin France and central Europe during the same period. England provides the prominent example of the expansion of agricultural production well before the general Europeanagricultural revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A larger population stimulated the increased woollen through crop civilization. English agriculture becamemore efficient and market-oriented than almost anywhere else on the continent. Between 1450 and 1640 the yield of grain per acre increased by at least thirty percent. In sharp contrast with farming in Spain, English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation.

The great land estates of the English society largely remained intact and many wealthy land owners aggressively increased the size of their holdings, a precondition for increasedproductivity. Marriages between the children of landowners also increased the size of landestates. Primogeniture (the full inheritance of land by the eldest son) helped prevent land from being subdivided. Younger sons of independent land owners left the family and went to find other respective locations. Larger farms contributed more to commercialized farming at the time when an expanding population pushed up demand and prices.Farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep in order to adapt to developing woollen trade.

Some of the great land owners as well as Yeomen (farmers whose holdings and security of land tenure guaranteed their prosperity and status), organized their holdings in the interest efficiency. Many farmers selected crops for sales in growing London market. In their quest for greater profits, many land owners put their squeeze on their tenants. Between 1580 and 1620 land lords raised rents and altered conditions of land tenure in their favor, preferring shorter phases and forcing tenants to pay an entry fee before agreeing to rent them land. Landlords evicted those who could not afford annual, more onerous terms. But they also pushed tenants toward more productive farming methods, including crop rotation. England's exceptional economic development also drew the country's natural resources,including iron, timber, and coal, extracted in far greater quantity than elsewhere in thecontinent. New industrial development expanded the production of iron and pewter in and around the city of Birmingham.

But above all textile manufacturing transformed English economy. Woolens, which accounted for eighty percent of the exports, worsteds (sturdy yarn spun from combed woolfibers), and other cloth found eager buyers in England as well as in the continent.Moreover, late in the sixteenth century as English merchants began making forays across the Atlantic these textiles were also sold in the Americas. Cloth manufacturers undercut production by urban craftspeople by “putting out” work to the villages and farms of thecountryside. In such domestic industry poor rural women could spin and make cading (combing fibers in preparation for spin) in their homes.

The English textile trade was closely tied to Antwerp, in the Spanish Netherlands, where workers dyed English cloth. The entrepreneur Sir Thomas Gresham became England's representative there. He so enhanced the reputation of English business in that region that English merchants could operate on credit---the most prominent achievement for sixteenth century. He also advised the government to explore the economic possibilities ofAmericas, which led to the first concerted efforts at colonization, undertaken withcommercial profits in mind.

Paragraph 1

1. The word “generated” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? Produced

? Strengthened

? followed

? dominated

2. The word “furthermore” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? however

? in addition

? similarly

? in general

3. All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 1 as developments that led to England's emergence as a commercial and manufacturing power EXCEPT

? rapid population growth

? an increase in the number of jobs

? a trend toward earlier marriages

? an end to epidemics and a plague

Paragraph 2

England provides the prominent example of the expansion of agricultural production wellbefore the general European agricultural revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A larger population stimulated the increased woollen through crop civilization. English agriculture became more efficient and market-oriented than almost anywhere elseon the continent. Between 1450 and 1640 the yield of grain per acre increased by at leastthirty percent. In sharp contrast with farming in Spain, English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation.

4. Why does the author mention that “English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation” ?

? To give an example of a way in which the English increased agricultural production

? To emphasize the influence of English agriculture on the agriculture of other Europeancountries

? To emphasize that Spanish agriculture needed to improve their farming methods

? To discuss an intended consequence of crop specialization

Paragraph 3

The great land estates of the English society largely remained intact and many wealthy land owners aggressively increased the size of their holdings, a precondition for increasedproductivity. Marriages between the children of landowners also increased the size of landestates. Primogeniture (the full inheritance of land by the eldest son) helped prevent land from being subdivided. Younger sons of independent land owners left the family and went to find other respective locations. Larger farms were conducive more to commercialized farming at the time when an expanding population pushed up demand and prices.Farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep in order to adapt to developing woollen trade.

5. The phrase “conducive to” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? a result of

? favorable to

? able to

? expanded to

6. According to paragraph 3 why did wealthy land owners increase the size of the land theyowned?

? To avoid the necessity of arranged marriages between their children and the children of other land owners

? To ensure that there were enough land to divide between their older and younger sons

? To increase the number of goods that their farms produced

? To provide more jobs for members of the colony

7. Why does the author mention that farmland owners turned part of their land into pasture land for sheep?

? To explain why the younger sons of land owners had to leave the family land and find other jobs

? To provide an example of a way in which large farms were eager to improve theirbusiness

? To explain how the practice of primogeniture worked

? To describe a strategy land owners used to give their lands from being subdivided.

Paragraph 4

8. The word “quest” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? organization

? exchange

? search

? argument

9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a way that English landlords tried to increase the efficiency of their farms?

? encouraging the use of methods as crop rotation

? selecting crops on the basis of demand in the London market

? increasing rents and reducing the length of phases

? hiring Yeomen to work on their farms instead of relying on tenants

Paragraph 5

England's exceptional economic development also drew the country's natural resources,including iron, timber, and coal, extracted in far greater quantity than elsewhere in thecontinent. New industrial development expanded the production of iron and pewter in and around the city of Birmingham.

10. The word “exceptional ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

? predictable

? initial

? extraordinary

? complex

Paragraph 6

11. Select TWO answer choices that according to paragraph 6 indicate changes that occurred in the English economy.

To receive credit you must select two answer choices.

? The textile trade products became more profitable than manufacturing them.

? Local sales of textile products increased by eighty percent.

? English textile merchants expanded their markets inside and outside England.

? Part of English cloth manufacturing moved to rural areas.

Paragraph 7

The English textile trade was closely dyed to Antwerp, in the Spanish Netherlands, where workers died English cloth. ■The entrepreneur Sir Thomas Gresham became England'srepresentative there. ■ He so enhanced the reputation of English business in that region that English merchants could operate on credit---the most prominent achievement forsixteenth century. ■ He also advised the government to explore the economic possibilitiesof Americas, which led to the first concerted efforts at colonization, undertaken with commercial profits in mind. ■

12. Which of the following statements about merchants during the sixteenth century can be inferred from the information in paragraph 7?

? Most merchant activity at this time was controlled by Spain.

? The textile market was less profitable for merchants than were other areas of trade.

? Merchants from different countries in Europe rarely operated in the same regions.

? During this period most European merchants did not operate on credit.

13. Look at the four squares [■ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

In addition to this achievement in Antwerp, Gresham convinced the government at home in England to authorize actions that would make trading in the rest of Europe even more profitable for English merchants.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summarybecause they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

In the last half of sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe.

●

Answer Choices

1. It is somewhat surprising that England was able to expand its economy during the sixteenth century because its neighbors were involved in many wars during this period.

2. In order to make more money England nobles acquired more land, pushed for more efficient farming methods, and introduced new land tenure conditions.

3. Two England's economic strengths are its use of natural resources, and its textile manufacturing, which found increased markets at home as well in Europe and in theAmericas.

4. England experienced an agricultural revolution much earlier than the rest of Europe and agriculture became more efficient and market-oriented.

5. Many of the changes that land owners made to land renting rules not only made their lands more profitable but also made a life for their peasants.

6. Though he was a successful ambassador to the Spanish Netherlands, Thomas Gresham was unable to convince the English government to start colonies in America.

答案：A、B、D、A、B、 C、B、C、D、C、CD、D、C、BCD

Passage Two

学科分类：Biology

题目：蝴蝶翅膀的作用

内容回忆：

蝴蝶的翅膀可以用来帮助它们躲避捕食者的捕猎。主要有三种形式：伪装色，警告色以及恐吓色。

第一段引出了蝴蝶翅膀的纹路有三种形式来影响捕食者，特别是通过视觉来捕猎的动物。

第二段详细介绍了伪装色的作用，举例说明了蝴蝶翅膀会伪装成周围树林、水流等颜色。

第三段详细介绍了警告色的使用，有些蝴蝶翅膀的样式会告诉捕食者自己的不可食用性。

第四段详细介绍了恐吓色的作用，大多以眼睛的样式展现，告诉捕食者该物种的体型等，产生错觉。

第五段进一步阐述了恐吓色的应用。

词汇题：