托福阅读不同年龄段考生词汇提升计划（共7篇）由网友“水海狗”投稿提供，以下是小编帮大家整理后的托福阅读不同年龄段考生词汇提升计划，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：托福阅读不同年龄段考生词汇提升计划
√如果你是一个初中生，准备要考托福。大家首先要准备的是四级词汇。
√如果你是一个高中生，词汇方面可以先准备四六级词汇。
√如果你是一个大学生，已考完四六级，而且掌握比较好的情况下，可以准备“纯种”托福词汇。
背单词是为了更好的服务于语言的听、说、读、写四项能力。所以不能急于一时，正所谓“放长线钓大鱼”。寄希望于背完一本词汇书就可以将词汇很好的掌握，那是拔苗助长，没准会走火入魔。所以背完词汇，巩固词汇，进一步掌握词汇也非常重要。
托福阅读备考如何巩固不同水平词汇?
巩固词汇最好的方式就是广泛阅读。在文章中体会词汇的具体使用环境。针对不同等级的词汇，我们给大家一些阅读资源来帮大家巩固。这些材料取材广泛，大部分是免费资源，同学们可以根据自己不同的兴趣爱好去选择喜欢的材料阅读。
四六级词汇巩固阅读材料
精读：四六级真题阅读题目精选
泛读：China Daily
托福及托福以上词汇巩固阅读材料
精读：托福官方真题Official文章
泛读：各类原版报刊杂志
精读要求
把不认识的单词短语全部查清楚(词汇);
把不明白的表达方法全部弄明白(语法);
总结每段的段落大意;
总结每个例子是为了支持什么观点而写的;
总结作者的写作思路和写作意图。
泛读要求
把不认识的单词短语全部查清楚(词汇);
把不明白的表达方法全部弄明白(语法)。
当然，词汇的准备要下苦工，更需要掌握一定的记忆方法。在这方面，英语词汇的记忆还是有章可循的。词根词缀就像汉子的偏旁部首一样，可以帮助我们把孤立的词汇穿成网络。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：The onrushing water...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wetsand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels.
词汇讲解：
onrushing adj. 汹涌的，猛冲的
miniature /'m?n?t??/ adj. 小型的，微型的
outflow n. 流出，外流
结构划分：
The onrushing water (arising from these flash floods) likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” ((resembling the miniature versions) (seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide)) ( that have been found on the plains) ( close to the ends of the outflow channels).)
深度分析：
修饰一：(arising from these flash floods)，非谓语动词，修饰water
中文：由这些突如其来的洪水产生
修饰二：(resembling the miniature versions) ，非谓语动词，修饰islands
中文：类似于微型版本
修饰三：(seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) ，非谓语动词，修饰the miniature versions
中文：在低潮时沙滩上湿沙地被看到
修饰四：( that have been found on the plains)，从句，修饰islands
中文：已经在平原上被发现
修饰五：( close to the ends of the outflow channels)，形容词短语，修饰plains
中文：接近出流通道末尾处
参考翻译：
由这些突如其来的洪水产生的汹涌流水也可能形成奇怪的泪滴状“岛”(类似于在低潮时沙滩上湿沙地看到的微型版本)，这些“岛”已经在接近出流通道末尾处的平原上被发现。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：The basic cultural...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.
词汇讲解：
colonization /?k?l?n??ze???n/ n. 开拓殖民地，殖民
appropriate /?'pr??pr??t/ adj. 适当的，合适的 v. 挪用，擅用;拨出(尤指款项)
domesticate /d?'mest?ke?t/ v. 驯养
marginal /'mɑ?d??n(?)l/ adj. 边缘的，边界的;(土地)无生产力的
inventory /'?nv?nt?ri/ n. 详细目录, 清单
implement /'?mpl?m?nt/ n. 工具，器具
结构划分：
The basic cultural requirements (for the successful colonization ofthe Pacific islands) include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills (to get to the islands in the first place), domesticated plants and gardening skills (suited to often marginal conditions), and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.
深度分析：
修饰一：(for the successful colonizationof the Pacific islands)，介词短语，修饰requirements
中文：太平洋岛成功的殖民
修饰二：(toget to the islands in the first place)，非谓语动词，修饰skills
中文：最先到达这些岛
修饰三：(suitedto often marginal conditions)，非谓语动词，修饰skills
中文：适应常年贫瘠条件
主干部分：
The basic cultural requirements include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills, domesticated plants and gardening skills and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.
三个并列结构，The basic cultural requirements include A, B and C，然后A和B里有修饰成分
参考翻译：
对于太平洋岛成功的殖民基本的文化条件包括：最先到达这些岛需要的适当的造船、航行和航海技术、适应常年贫瘠条件的驯养植物和园艺技术以及各种各样的捕鱼工具和技术。
托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Scientists felt that...
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.
词汇讲解：
extinction /?k'st??k??n/ n. 灭绝，绝种;熄灭
deposit /d?'pɑz?t/ v. 将(钱)存入银行; 付(定金);放下某物;使(淤泥等)沉积
clay /klei/ n. 粘土
结构划分：
Scientists felt that they could get an idea (of how long the extinctions took) (by determining)(how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay) and they thought they could determine the time (it took to deposit the clay)(by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) ) (it contained.)
深度分析：
修饰一：(of how long the extinctions took)，介词短语
中文：灭绝所用的时间
修饰二：(by determining) ，介词短语
中文：通过确定
修饰三：(how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay) ，从句
中文：这层一厘米黏土层的沉积时间
修饰四：(it took to deposit the clay) ，从句，修饰time
中文：这层黏土层的沉积时间
修饰五：(by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) ) ，介词短语
中文：通过确定黏土层包含铱的含量
修饰六：(it contained.) ，从句，修饰iridium
中文：它(黏土层)所包含的
参考翻译：
科学家感觉他们可以通过确定这层一厘米黏土层的沉积时间就可以知道灭绝所用的时间，而他们认为可以通过确定黏土层包含铱的含量能确定它(黏土层)所沉积的时间。
篇2：托福阅读不同年龄考生如何备考
√如果你是一个初中生，准备要考托福。大家首先要准备的是四级词汇。
√如果你是一个高中生，词汇方面可以先准备四六级词汇。
√如果你是一个大学生，已考完四六级，而且掌握比较好的情况下，可以准备“纯种”托福词汇 。
背单词是为了更好的服务于语言的听、说、读、写四项能力。所以不能急于一时，正所谓“放长线钓大鱼”。寄希望于背完一本词汇书就可以将词汇很好的掌握，那是拔苗助长，没准会走火入魔。所以背完词汇，巩固词汇，进一步掌握词汇也非常重要。
托福阅读备考如何巩固不同水平词汇?
巩固词汇最好的方式就是广泛阅读。在文章中体会词汇的具体使用环境。针对不同等级的词汇，我们给大家一些阅读资源来帮大家巩固。这些材料取材广泛，大部分是免费资源，同学们可以根据自己不同的兴趣爱好去选择喜欢的材料阅读。
四六级词汇巩固阅读材料
精读：四六级真题阅读题目精选
泛读：China Daily
托福及托福以上词汇巩固阅读材料
精读：托福官方真题Official文章
泛读：各类原版报刊杂志
精读要求
把不认识的单词短语全部查清楚(词汇);
把不明白的表达方法全部弄明白(语法);
总结每段的段落大意;
总结每个例子是为了支持什么观点而写的;
总结作者的写作思路和写作意图。
泛读要求
把不认识的单词短语全部查清楚(词汇);
把不明白的表达方法全部弄明白(语法)。
当然，词汇的准备要下苦工，更需要掌握一定的记忆方法。在这方面，英语词汇的记忆还是有章可循的。词根词缀就像汉子的偏旁部首一样，可以帮助我们把孤立的词汇穿成网络。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：早期工业化国家的成功因素
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The key factor in the success of these countries ( along with high literacy, which contributed to it ) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.
结构划分：
The key factor ( in the success of these countries) ( alongwith high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability ( to adapt to the international division of labor) (determined by the early industrializers) and (to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) (for which they were especially well suited.)
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
The key factor was their ability
后面两个不定式的并列：
(to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers)
and
(to stake out areas of specialization ininternational markets for which they were especially well suited. )
修饰一：(in the success of these countries) ，介词短语，修饰the key factor
中文：在这些国家的成功中
修饰二：(along with high literacy, which contributed to it) ，介词短语，修饰these countries
中文：拥有促进他们成功的高文化水平
修饰三：(to adapt to the international division of labor) ，非谓语动词，修饰ability
中文：适应国际劳动分工
修饰四：(determined by the early industrializers)，非谓语动词，修饰the international division of labor
中文：早期工业化国家决定的
修饰五：(to stake out areas of specialization in international markets) ，非谓语动词，修饰ability
中文：领他们特别合适的国际市场中的专门领域
修饰六：(for which they were especiallywell suited.)，从句，修饰markets
中文：他们特别适合的
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：打哈欠的科学原理和作用
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.
词汇讲解：
conventional /k?n'v?n??nl/ adj. 传统的;老套的，千篇 一律的;约定的
alertness /?'l?:tnis/ n. 警戒，机敏
reverse /r?'v??s/ v. 使(某物)反转; 将(某物)翻转;转变
结构划分：
(According to conventional theory), yawning takes place (when people are bored or sleepy)and serves the function (of increasing alertness) (by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels) (that are caused by the shallow breathing) (that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom).
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
yawning takes place and serves the function
修饰一：(According to conventional theory)，介词短语
中文：根据传统理论
修饰二：(when people are bored or sleepy)，从句
中文：当人们感到厌烦或困倦时
修饰三：(of increasing alertness)，介词短语
中文：增强警觉
修饰四：(through deeper breathing)，插入语
中文：通过深呼吸
修饰五：(by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop inblood oxygen levels)，介词短语，注意这里修饰四的插入语隔开了，断句别出错
中文：通过浅呼吸逆转血液中氧含量的下降
修饰六：(that are caused by the shallow breathing)，从句，修饰the drop in blood oxygen levels
中文：是通过浅呼吸导致的
修饰七：(that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom)，从句修饰，theshallow breathing
中文：伴随着缺乏睡眠或厌烦
参考翻译：
根据传统理论，打哈欠会在当人们感到厌烦或困倦时发生，并且打哈欠通过深呼吸逆转血液中氧含量的下降(这种下降是由伴随着缺乏睡眠或厌烦的浅呼吸造成的)起到提升警觉的作用。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：荷兰人开发优良港口
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil).
词汇讲解：
mercantile /'m??k(?)nta?l/ adj. 贸易的，商业的
exceptional /?k's?p??nl/ adj. 异常的，杰出的，突出的
结构划分：
The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).
深度分析：
修饰一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands
中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统
修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语
中文：在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口
修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语
中文：有杰出的成果
修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语
中文：因为和德国以及中欧的贸易
修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语
中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料
参考翻译：
有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最后他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并因为和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了杰出的成果。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：被广泛使用的生态系统术语
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
With “climax,” “biome,” “superorganism,” and various other technical terms for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being criticized, the term “ecosystem” was more and more widely adopted for the whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factor s of their environment.
词汇讲解：
technical adj. 使用术语的, 专业的
term n. 术语
结构划分：
(With “climax,” “biome,”“superorganism,” and various other technical terms) (for the association of animals and plants) (at a given locality) (being criticized), the term “ecosystem” was more and more widely adopted (for the whole system)(of associated organisms) (together with the physical fact ors of their environment.)
深度分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
the term “ecosystem” was more and more widely adopted
修饰一：(With “climax,”“biome,” “superorganism,” and various other technical terms) ，介词短语
中文：随着“顶峰”、“生物群系”、“超级有机体”
修饰二：(for the association of animals and plants)，介词短语
中文：关于动植物联系
修饰三：(at a given locality) ，介词短语
中文：在一个给定的地点
修饰四：(being criticized) ，非谓语动词
中文：被批评
修饰五：(for the whole system) ，介词短语
中文：对于这个系统
修饰六：(of associated organisms) ，介词短语
中文：相互联系的有机体
修饰七：(together with the physical factors of their environment.) ，介词短语
中文：以及它们环境中的物理因素
参考翻译：
随着“顶峰”、“生物群系”、“超级有机体”(它们用来描述一个给定地点的动植物联系)以及各种其它专业术语受到批评，对于相互联系的有机体以及它们环境中的物理因素形成的整体系统来说，这个术语“生态系统”越来越被广泛采用。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：大量物种周期性灭绝假说
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.
词汇讲解：
recur /r?'k??/ v. 再发生，复发
periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地
hypothesis /ha?'pɑθ?s?s/ n. 假说，假设
deflect /d?'fl?kt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划
meteor /'mi?t??/ n. 流星
devastation /?dev?'ste??n/ n. 毁坏，荒废
impact /?m'p?kt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响
such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的
结构划分：
The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact).
深度分析：
这个句子的主干很简单：
The possibility has given rise to such hypotheses
注意这里的such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的
例如：
Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before.
Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.
修饰一：(that mass extinctions may recur periodically)，从句，解释possibility
中文：大量物种灭绝可能会周期性发生
修饰二：(of a companion star) ，介词短语
中文：一颗伴星
修饰三：(with a long-period orbit) ，介词短语
中文：有长周期轨道
修饰四：(deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits)，非谓语动词
中文：使其它天体偏离正常轨道
修饰五：(making some of them fall to Earthas meteors)，非谓语动词
中文：使一些天体作为流星落入地球
修饰六：(causing widespread devastationupon impact)，非谓语动词
中文：在撞击时造成大范围破坏
参考翻译：
大量物种灭绝可能会周期性发生的可能性引起了像这样一个假说：一颗有长周期的伴星使其它天体偏离正常轨道，使一些天体作为流星落入地球，并在撞击时造成大范围破坏。
篇3：托福阅读满分考生阅读提升正确率经验
托福阅读满分考生阅读提升正确率经验分享
托福阅读提升正确率初期备考心得
在备考初期，要做的第一件事就是背单词。单词就是阅读文章这栋大厦的砖瓦，没有单词量，大厦建不好的。我一开始也是背《21天搞定托福单词》，后来发现老背都背不住，后来我就开始背四级单词，把四级单词熟悉到95%左右的时候我就开始再背托福，发现轻松很多。所以我建议不管六级分数有多高的，还是背背四级的单词。 当词汇量积攒到了一定程度的时候，就可以开始做题了。做题首先需要了解题型。强烈建议看OG!了解完题型之后就得开始做题了。
托福阅读提升正确率如何兼顾速度?
我们通常会遇到一个问题，求速度还是求正确率?
我的意见就是没有正确率做再快也没用。来分析一下为什么速度不快而且还做错?刚开始做可能一篇需要花30分钟甚至更长，那是因为我们对于单词反应能力不快和对句子结构不明确造成的。单词问题很好解决就是背，语法呢?我觉得中国考生最厉害的估计是语法了吧，但是为什么还是会对句子结构不明确呢?因为我们都是对语法有个认识，而不知道怎么去用。而托福阅读正好是考我们怎么去运用语法，所以照成很多细节题会出错。这个问题我相信大部分同学和我一样都遇到过。我就开始抓自己的语法了。我用的是《张道真实用英语语法》这本书，网上貌似有PDF版的下载，有需要可以去下载看看。我不是从第一页看到最后一页的看这本语法书，我是把它当成字典来用。就是只要在阅读中遇到不明白的句子，我就用这本书去查这句语法是怎么回事。积累多了阅读速度立马快了起来。这时候有同学会觉得好麻烦，那真的如果想拿高分的话，就得查啊!还有就是碰见一些专业词汇不认识怎么办的问题，我的经验就是查出来背下，这样下次遇到同一话题的题目看得懂了。这样我们就解决了速度问题。
正确率怎么提高呢?逐渐对语法的熟悉和单词的熟悉，来提高对选项的认识了。我的方法就是做完题目之后分析自己选错的选项设置和为什么做错了。然后我再分析做对的题的错误选项为什么是错的。这样做多了就会有一个自己做题的感觉了。希望有兴趣攻克阅读的同学可以试一试，我觉得效果很好。
托福阅读备考如何使用官方真题Official教材?
做完题是不是就把官方真题Official丢一边了呢?我觉得有点浪费了。我把官方真题Official阅读10-24做了三遍，然后把自己错的多的文章翻译成中文。这样再遇到同一个话题的文章的时候，思路就很清晰了。有的人问我做过一次答案不就记住了么?真心觉得是我记性不好，第二遍做还是会做错，一样记不住答案。不知道其他做了多遍官方真题Official的同学有没有这个感觉。还有，不用每篇都是翻译，翻译10篇左右自己不熟悉，错的多的话题就OK了。
托福阅读最后一题怎么答
托福阅读考试难吗?如何在托福阅读的考试中获得满分呢?当你能把托福阅读考试中的所有题目都做对的时候，你真的有把握把最后一题也做对吗?这时候就需要你能掌握一些方法，托福阅读最后一题方法，分享给大家。
1. 找出每个段落的中心句，划分段落内部的层次，如分类/并列递进/对比转折等;
2. 区分主旨和细节。所谓主旨，就是被别的句子来支持解释的，也即众星拱月般的”老大”;所谓细节，就是去跟随“老大”的句子，证明“老大”说的都是对的。
3. 如果某段没有主旨句，则需自己进行总结，此时无需向小学语文课老师要求的那样，非要说出一个完整而优美的“标答”，只需用提取关键词，表示出核心观点即可，建议简洁明了，关键词包含核心概念和关键动作/状态即可。
4. 文章结构自己分析过一遍之后，找出正确选项与各段段落大意的对应关系。记住：正确的三个选项之所以正确，一定是与原文的某些个段落的段落大意有对应关系。
5. 错误的选项，错误逻辑基本上也可以归类为这几类：原文没有提到，原文提到了但是与原文矛盾，与原文对应内容正确但是属于细节而非主要观点。这三类错误隐蔽性属于逐级增强，同学们需要仔细去与文章核对。
托福阅读考试如何抓紧时间
托福阅读时间：
15 分钟一篇，一篇 13/14 道题。(官方要求是 20 分钟一篇)
13 道题中除了 4 道词汇题(30‘’)1 道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第 8 题/第 9 题的样子，是一段会出 2 道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的 TPO 一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期 TPO。
在题目上一般是(细节 词汇，细节 作用， 细节 词汇， 细节 词汇 改写， 细节 词汇， 黑点 大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。
简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20 分钟一般都是够用的。
我的阅读障碍：
速度：大概 150-170 字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。
选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。
新托福阅读真题训练技巧：
1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有 5 段，那长段肯定是 3 道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。
2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)
托福阅读背景素材：富人将变成新人类
The rich are set to become God-like cyborgs in what could be the 'biggest evolution in biology' since life emerged.
富人们将变成会成为上帝般的电子人，这将可能是人类有史以来“在生物方面最大的进化”。
This is according to Yuval Noah Harari, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who believes the radical shift will take place in the next 200 years.
这是来自耶路撒冷希伯来大学(Hebrew University of Jerusalem)的教授尤尔瓦?诺亚?哈拉里(Yuval Noah Harari)的预言，他相信这种巨变会在未来2内发生。
Using biotechnology and genetic engineering, Professor Harari claims the wealthy will transform into a new type of divine, immortal human with complete power over life and death.
哈拉里说，富人们使用生物技术和基因工程技术，能够转化成新人类——神圣，永恒，对生与死有完全的掌控权。
He argues that humans are unable to resist the temptation to 'upgrade' themselves, according to a report by Sarah Knapton in the Telegraph.
萨拉?卡普顿(Sarah Knapton)在《电讯报》(Telegraph)的报道称，哈拉里提出，人类无法拒绝“升级”自身的诱惑。
'We are programmed to be dissatisfied,' said Professor Harari, during a recent speech at the Hay literary festival in Wales.
哈拉里教授最近在威尔士干草文学节发表演说，称，“我们已被设定为不满足现状。”
'Even when humans gain pleasure and achievements it is not enough. They want more and more.
“即使人类获得了快乐和成就，仍然感到不满足。他们想要更多。”
'I think it is likely in the next 200 years or so homo sapiens will upgrade themselves into some idea of a divine being, either through biological manipulation or genetic engineering or by the creation of cyborgs, part organic part non-organic.
“我认为在接下来的约200年里，现代人很可能会通过使用生物操控或基因工程，或通过创造半有机半无机的电子人，使自身升级为神人。”
'It will be the greatest evolution in biology since the appearance of life. Nothing really has changed in four billion years biologically speaking.
“这将是自人类生命诞生以来，在生物方面最大的进化。从生物学上来讲，400亿年来，人类的身体构造并没有真正发生变化。
'But we will be as different from today's humans as chimps are now from us.'
“就像猩猩已经离我们很遥远了，我们也将会与今天的人类截然不同。”
The technology to do this, however, will be restricted to the very wealthy, claims Professor Harari.
然而，哈拉里教授称，改造人类这一技术将只属于富人。
Up until now, he says society has been held together by inventing 'fictions', such as religion, money and the idea of fundamental human rights.
他说，在目前为止，社会被创造的“虚幻”团结在一起，如宗教，金钱，人权思想等。
As long as humans believed they relied more and more on these gods they were controllable, he said.
他说，只要人类相信这些，越来越依靠这些“神”，他们就是可控的。
'But what we see in the last few centuries is humans becoming more powerful and they no longer need the crutches of the Gods.'
但是我们在过去几个世纪里所看到的是，人类变得越来越强大，不再需要上帝的拐杖。
He added that the most interesting place in the world from a religious perspective is not the Middle East but Silicon Valley.
他补充道，从宗教的观点来看，世界上最有趣的地方不是中东，而是硅谷。
Here, people are developing what he describes as a 'techno-religion' in which they believe death is just a technological problem.
这里的人们发展出这样一种他称之为“技术宗教”的观念：他们相信死亡只是一个技术问题。
'Now we are saying we do not need God just technology,' he added.
他补充道，“现在我们不需要上帝了，只需要技术。”
Vocabulary
cyborg 电子人
homo sapiens 现代人
3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A 支持的观点是，A 的观点的问题是 B 的观点是......(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就
篇4：托福阅读备考提升先练词汇
托福阅读备考提升先练词汇 阅读词汇题备考方法心得讲解
托福阅读到底需要多少词汇才够用?
我们大家都知道，词汇量有限的话，会严重牵制阅读的速度，如果要实现快速阅读，我们的词汇量到底要达到多少呢?这里有一个标准，那就是我们所具备的词汇量要能够“推理出生词所在语境的意思”，如果把这一标准进行量化的话，我们必须要具备基础词汇和搭配4000-4500个，也就是达到大学四级的水平，以及专业词汇个，才能保证基本正常的阅读速度。
托福阅读词汇题详解
同时，托福阅读的每套题中，平均有12个词汇题。很多同学都觉得这是送分题，也往往不给予过多的关注，以至于大量丢分。而对于想拿满分的同学来说，这个题显得尤为重要，因为他们往往是在词汇题上丢分，才得到最后的29分。那么，我们就要做到有备无患，防止丢分。
但是，很多考生会对词汇题的准备感到束手无措。词汇题的考法非常简单直接，就是要求选择4个选项中和原文某一词汇意义表达相同的选项，题目基本都为The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to ...看起来是很简单，只要__知道一个词汇的基本含义就可以做对，但是要准备的词汇范围又很大。而OG中对于词汇题的解释就是，there is “no list ofwords” that must be tested. 这句话就告诉考生：没有所谓的大纲词汇可供参考，因为根本就没有大纲，考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，所以范围很大。另外，OG中的解释还有一句a word might have more than one meaning, but in the reading passage, only one of those meaning is relevant. 大多数考生遇到的情况是，所碰到的词汇并不是已经让人熟知的第一词义，而是要根据语境上下文推断出的第二词义甚至是第三词义。
托福阅读备考如何做好词汇准备?
为此，我们平时要在词汇方面做好充分的准备：
1、利用零散的时间背单词，并要积累词根词缀。
可以重点记那些常考的核心词汇，而对于那些不太常用的学科名词、物质名词可以放在第二位。
2、进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。
具体说来，就是每天背100个单词，把时间控制在半个小时以内，每天过3-4遍，第二天再过一遍前一天的。单词材料可以找一些相关的阅读词汇书，或者是以往考过的词汇题内容。
3、把背单词和阅读相结合
也就是把单词和语境相结合，并还要广泛阅读以及这是增加词汇量的有效方法，也就是要在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。学生可以根据不同的基础，选择OG，阅读机经等相关阅读材料。平时也可以多做泛读训练，材料可以来自于维基百科等国外原版资料。
解答托福阅读多选题的关键点
比如说，新托福阅读题最后一道题一般都是多选题，多选题分两类，一类叫图表题，给你一个图表，让你6选3或者8选4。第二类叫文章内容小节题，文章内容概述题，什么意思呢?先给你一句话，这句话就是这篇文章的中心思想，请问下面哪几个选项中反映了这篇文章的中心思想。
这样的话，这个题目是我们的第二个问法，这是阅读中我们最常见的两种多选题，这种题同学们不要有畏惧心理，因为这类题目分值也比较高，一般是2分或3 分。我们即使答错一个空，3分题还会拿到两分，不会给你扣掉所有的分。
第二，这个问题是基于你之前问题的答案的基础上，当你把之前其他的问题都答完了，你整个的这篇文章读的也很好了，再做这个题的话，基本上问题不大了。只要别错太多，这种题多少都会有分的。
第三，这类题目的数量比较少。所以我们做这个题要特别的细心，做这个题的关键在于对这道题题干中的那句话的理解，因为这句话就是文章的概述，基本上下面的答案都是符合这句话的，或和这句话有关联点的，跟这句话扯得太远的一般就是错误选项，所以要求我们特别细心，越细心越好。
最后就是针对性的大量的做练习，这对提高此类题目的正确率也是非常有效的。
托福阅读三原则：直，细，巧
如何将托福阅读题回答地滴水不漏，接近满分?新东方阅读网为托福备考学生总结了“直”，“细”，“巧”的三大原则来攻克托福阅读。
“直”的原则
所谓“直”，是指托福阅读出题思路直接，所有题目的答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。这一特点告诉考生，在解题时，考生一定要根据原文内容来解题，避免“小题大做”，人为地把题目想象得太复杂，否则就是自己给自己找麻烦。
就拿考生最熟悉的细节题来说，托福阅读细节题的解题要点有两个要点：一是根据题干关键词回原文定位答案范围;二是将题目选项与原文语句相对照，正确选项往往是原文语句的同义替换。
因此，考生在解题时，一定要对照选项与原文语句之间的异同，找出与原文语句意思最相似的选项，也就找到了正确答案。
“细”的原则
所谓“细”，是指考生在利用题干关键词回原文定位答案范围时一定要细心。我们知道，考生在解答托福阅读考试题时，最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。
由于题干中有些关键词(尤其是专有名词)在原文中不止出现一次，因而考生一定要细心，找出原文中所有含该关键词的句子，然后再从中选择与题干要求最接近的句子来定位答案范围，进而选出正确答案。很多考生由于没有注意到这一点，导致定位错误，进而与正确答案失之交臂，实在是非常可惜。
“巧”的原则
所谓“巧”，是指考生在回原文定位答案范围时应该选择最恰当的题干关键词，并从托福阅读考试的特点出发，巧妙而又精确地定位答案范围。“巧”的原则具体体现在以下几个方面：
①用于定位的题干关键词一般包括人名、地名、数字、关键名词或动词等，考生在回原文定位答案范围时，可同时利用多个关键词进行定位，原文中包含题干绝大多数关键词的部分最有可能是答案所在;
②在利用关键词回原文定位时，考生可根据原文中出现的特殊标点符号(如破折号、连字符、引号、括号等)、数字、专有名词等这些比较明显的提示进行跳读，题干的关键词以及题目的答案范围往往就出现在这些有明显提示信息的表达附近;
③由于阅读部分的考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。结合这三点，考生便能又快又准地找到出题人设计答案所依据的句子，最后再按照“直”的原则选择答案。
从上面的分析可以看出，在托福阅读考试中，这三个字的作用是相互关联促进的。我们也要灵活使用，帮助自己迅速解答问题，才能完成托福阅读备考的任务。
篇5：详解托福阅读词汇提升2个阶段
这个托福阅读词汇备考阶段对应着学生更高的托福阅读水平，学生在阅读理解上有一定基础，但是在阅读解题以及阅读速度上还有所欠缺。这个阶段考生要备考的词汇主要是托福阅读核心词，这些词汇主要来自TPO阅读刷题过程。刷题之后，考生要分析文章和题目，文章中积累的陌生词以及托福阅读词汇题目中的词汇都是这个阶段的备考重点。通过这个阶段，考生能够迅速识别托福阅读核心词。
托福考试阅读长句练习
My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
=My point/ is/ that its central consciousness/—its profound understanding of class and gender/ as shaping influences/ on people’s lives/—owes much to that earlier literary heritage/，a heritage/ that，in general/，has not been sufficiently valued/ by most contemporary literary critics.
#我的观点是/，其作品的中心思想——它深刻理解阶级和性别/作为决定性影响/对人的生活的——在很大程度上借鉴了早期的文学遗产/，这些遗产/总体上/还未受到足够重视/大多数当代文学评论家的。
.个句子与上一句很相似，两个破折号中间的内容也是补充性的，这种情况下破折号就相当于括号，中间的内容可看可不看。
托福考试阅读材料专题训练
Officials at the Pentagon say the American Defence Secretary Leon Panetta is to remove the ban on women in the military serving in combat. The decision, which is expected to be announced formally on Thursday, makes women available for hundreds of thousands of frontline positions and elite commando jobs, something never before known in the United States military. But Pentagon commanders will still be allowed to make a case for any specific post they think should remain closed to women. 五角大楼官员称美国国防部长帕内特将撤掉禁止妇女参战的禁令。这个决定将于周四正式宣布，这样就为妇女提供数十万个前线职位和精英突击队工作，这在美国部队是前所未有的。 但在决定哪些特别职位适合妇女时，国防部指挥官仍要对此进行说明。
The Supreme Court in Mexico has ruled that a Frenchwoman sentenced to 60 years in prison on kidnapping charges should be set free. The case against Florence Cassez led to a serious diplomatic rift between France and Mexico. Will Grant reports from Mexico City. It was the result which Florence Cassez had been hoping for for seven years since she was first accused of being part of a kidnapping ring in December . Three of five Supreme Court judges ruled there were serious irregularities in the legal process against her and ordered her immediate release from her 60-year prison sentence. Since she was first detained, Florence Cassez has consistently accused the authorities in Mexico of using shaky witness statements against her and of denying her consular assistance. World News from the BBC 一名法国妇女因绑架指控被判60年监禁，墨西哥最高法院裁定应该释放此人。 这起有关弗洛朗丝?卡塞的案子曾使法国和墨西哥发生严重的外交冲突。 Will Grant在墨西哥城报道。 弗洛朗丝?卡塞首次被控参与绑架团伙，自此7年来她一直希望能有今天这个结果。 最高法院的五名法官中有三名法官认定此案的法律程序存在严重违规问题，并下令立即施放被判60年徒刑的卡塞。 自首次被捕以来，弗洛朗丝?卡塞一直指控墨西哥政府使用不可靠的证人证词来指控她，还拒绝给予她领事援助。 BBC世界新闻
托福考试阅读材料专题训练
Medical officials in Iraq say 21 people were killed in a suicide bombing at a Shia mosque north of the capital Baghdad. Hospital sources told the BBC that 65 others were injured. The bomber detonated his explosives inside the mosque in the town of Tuz Khurmato, a largely Turkmen town south of Kirkuk. A funeral was taking place there at the time of the attack. 伊拉克医官称21人死于首都巴格达北部什叶派清真寺的自杀式爆炸案。 院方告诉BBC有65人受伤， 引爆者将炸弹安放在图兹胡尔马图镇的清真寺内，该镇位于基尔库克南部，是土库曼人聚居地。 袭击发生时那里正举行葬礼。
The judge heading a review of India’s laws against rape and other sex crimes has launched a stinging attack on the way India is governed. The retired Chief Justice JS Verma said a failure to enforce India’s existing laws was at the root of discrimination against women. The review was produced in response to the fatal rape of a student in Delhi last month. 负责重审印度强奸和其他性侵法律的法官严词批评印度的执政方式，退休首席大法官JS Verma说，印度现有法律的有法不依就是妇女歧视现象的根源。 由于上月德里发生学生致命强奸案，印度开始重审此法。
Controversial research is set to resume on artificially creating a new highly contagious form of the H5N1 bird flu virus, which could be spread by humans. Rebecca Morelle reports. With just a few mutations, the H5N1 virus can jump from its current form that’s lethal in birds to one that spreads among humans. But when scientists announced they’d done this in the lab, the news was met with shock. And with concerns over containment, the scientists put their research on hold. One year on though and they are ready to resume. Their labs, they claim, meet the highest safety standards and this work could help to fight the constantly evolving virus. But some researchers warn that while the risk of the pathogen escaping is small, the consequences could be catastrophic. 科学家称将重启对一种新型高传染性H5N1禽流感病毒的研究，这种病毒可以通过人际传播，此举引起广泛争议。 Rebecca Morelle报道。 H5N1病毒经过几次突变就可以从目前对鸟类致命的病毒转变为可人际传播的病毒，此前，科学家宣称将在实验室做这样的突变，这个消息令人们震惊。 考虑到控制问题，科学家们将实验暂停。 一年后他们希望能继续实验， 他们称实验室符合最高的安全标准，该研究能帮助应对这种不断演变的病毒。但有的研究者警告说，虽然病原体逃逸的危险很小，但一旦发生，后果将是灾难性的。
篇6：托福阅读提升理解能力从词汇开始
托福阅读提升理解能力从词汇开始
词汇是阅读基础。当你有了丰富词汇的基础，就要开始着手进行“输入”的过程了。输入的方式很多，有跳读、指读、唇读、默读、寻读、研读等等。而我们在输入信息的时候，也不会仅仅拘泥于其中的一种阅读方式，更多情况之下，是结合了其中的多个来进行的。
比如通过跳读把握文章的中心意思、段落结构、作者态度;通过寻读找到关键信息;通过研读解决对应的题目。不管运用怎样的方式，最终的目的是要记住、并正确理解文章内容及其隐含的意义。所以，想要提高“阅读速度”，真正要锻炼的是“理解能力”。
先来说一下“记住”，这似乎又回到“词汇”的部分了。篇章的记忆可以借鉴词汇的记忆方法，比如图像、联想等。另外，“记笔记”也是帮助记忆篇章的好办法。把一些重要的信息、关键的词、甚至文章的结构用笔纸记录下来，不但可以协助记忆，还以为把握文章的中心和逻辑框架，从而更好地理解文章。由此可见，“记住”和“理解”是分不开的。理解了才能记住，记住了才能从更大的角度去理解。
如何提高托福阅读的理解能力?
1. 理清句子成分结构
首先，我们在读句子的时候，要注意理清句子成分和结构，要知道各成分的意思以及它们之间的逻辑关系，要能够正确把握这些成分组合起来所表达的意思。一个句子可以多读上几遍，通过重复的练习，达到能够正确“拆解”和“重组”句子的目的。
2. 反复阅读提升信息获取能力
其二，对于篇章而言，也是一个反复的过程，但是和句子的训练有些不同。先准备一篇合适的文章，掐时间阅读，要求自己在规定的时间之内尽可能多地摄取信息。然后在同样的时间之内，将这篇文章再读一遍， 那么第二遍摄取到的信息必然比第一遍多， 接着反复进行几次。在这样的过程当中，眼睛是在迅速掠过已知的信息，去寻求新的信息点，其实就是在进行快速阅读。它不是真正强调视线的转移，而是在浏览全篇的同时，怎样去获得更多的新信息，更快、更准地把握整个语篇的主旨。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.
The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.
Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. Glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.
Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making
(B) How early pottery was made and decorated
(C) The development of kilns used by early potters
(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery
2. The word meticulously in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) heavily
(B) initially
(C) carefully
(D) completely
3. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the texture of the clay?
(A) adding temper
(B) removing the water
(C) beating on the clay
(D) mixing the clay with plastic substances
4. The word durability in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) quality
(B) endurance
(C) adaptability
(D) applicability
5. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which of the
following?
(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels
(B) prevent the vessels from leaking
(C) Help the vessels to dry more quickly
(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality
6. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glassy finish?
(A) Smoothing them with wet hands
(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions
(C) Baking them at a very high temperature
(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object
7. The word incised in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) designed
(B) carved
(C) detailed
(D) painted
8. The word they in ling 27 refers to
(A) kilns
(B) firings
(C) pots
(D) cracks
9. According to the passage , the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns
(A) required less wood for burning
(B) reached higher temperatures
(C) kept ashes away from the pots
(D) baked vessels without cracking them
10. Look at the terms temper (line 10), glazes (line 16), kilns (line 24), and compounds (line 25).
Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage ?
(A) temper
(B) glazes
(C) kilns
(D) compounds
11. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood, the ashes help
(A) prevent the clay from cracking
(B) produce a more consistently baked pot
(C) attain a very high temperature
(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish
PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.
Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture — that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.
Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.
The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture
(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life
(C) How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture
(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed
2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncertain
(B) humble
(C) worthy
(D) unusual
3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of
(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies
(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source
(C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in their diets
(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies
4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) advanced
(B) original
(C) involved
(D) stable
5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations because
agriculture
(A) created more varieties of food
(B) created food surpluses
(C) resulted in increases in leisure time
(D) encouraged bartering
6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the
(A) need to keep records
(B) desire to write down beliefs
(C) extraction of ink from plants
(D) growth of social complexity
7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) repeat
(B) exchange
(C) understand
(D) describe
8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family
relationships?
(A) The extended family became less important.
(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.
(C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient.
(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.
9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT
(A) an increase in invention and innovation
(B) emergence of towns and cities
(C) development of a system of trade
(D) a decrease in warfare
10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?
(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products
(B) It varied according to family size.
(C) It was based on hunting and gathering.
(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grew
themselves.
PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC
篇7：托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章
托福阅读提升攻略丨把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章
托福阅读吃透文章之 词汇
托福阅读主要是针对考生词汇量有最大要求的地方，能够说词汇掌握怎么直接关系到阅读部分的成绩好坏。此方面的证明大家已在原来的文章中有所研究和分析，在这里希望广大考生一定要引起重视。针对词汇怎么去记忆的问题，已经在原来的文章里牵涉到，同学们要找到适合自己的记忆方法，同时牢记词汇记忆“八字真言”：反复多次，持之以恒。同时提醒广大考生，背词汇书的时候，不要只背单词中文意思，词汇书上的例句和词组也要重点记忆。
托福阅读吃透文章之 语法
托福阶段的阅读文章的难度现如今已超出了体制内高中英语文章的难度，而在里面还有大量的结构复杂的长难句。若想看明白这些长难句，把词汇要过关除外，另外有的重要的语法知识同样是要掌握的。比如五种基本句型，三大类从句，三种较长修饰成分等。只有具备这些知识，才能清晰地看清楚句子成分，明确其在句子中的作用，为理解长难句扫清障碍。
托福阅读吃透文章之 逻辑
在此的逻辑我把它定义成是3个层面，而各自是词与词之间，句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑。那么什么是词与词之间的逻辑，它表示了在相同的一个段落里能够看见词与词之间的语义重复。那么又什么是句与句之间的逻辑，它表示了在相同一段落中的句子是按照什么逻辑构架组织起来的，常见的逻辑关系有因果、比较、并列、转折等。所谓段与段之间的逻辑关系，要从整篇文章的角度上去考虑段落与段落之间存在什么关系，这些关系对于整篇文章的组织结构发挥什么作用。只有从以上三个层面上去考虑，才会对整篇文章的逻辑构架有一个清晰的认识。
所以我们想要提升托福阅读必须要吃透文章，而想要吃透文章就必须要把握词汇、语法和逻辑这三个要素。希望大家在备考托福阅读的时候能注意提升这三方面的能力。
托福阅读素材：卡梅伦连任英国首相演讲稿
I've just been to see Her Majesty the Queen, and I will now form a majority Conservative government.
I've been proud to lead the first coalition government in 70 years, and I want to thank all those who worked so hard to make it a success; and in particular, on this day, Nick Clegg. Elections can be bruising clashes of ideas and arguments, and a lot of people who believe profoundly in public service have seen that service cut short. Ed Miliband rang me this morning to wish me luck with the new government; it was a typically generous gesture from someone who is clearly in public service for all the right reasons.
The government I led did important work: it laid the foundations for a better future, and now we must build on them. I truly believe we're on the brink of something special in our country; we can make Britain a place where a good life is in reach for everyone who is willing to work and do the right thing. Our manifesto is a manifesto for working people, and as a majority government we will be able to deliver all of it; indeed, it is the reason why I think majority government is more accountable.
Three million apprenticeships; more help with childcare; helping 30 million people cope with the cost of living by cutting their taxes; building homes that people are able to buy and own; creating millions more jobs that give people the chance of a better future. And yes, we will deliver that in/out referendum on our future in Europe.
As we conduct this vital work, we must ensure that we bring our country together. As I said in the small hours of this morning, we will govern as a party of one nation, one United Kingdom. That means ensuring this recovery reaches all parts of our country: from north to south, from east to west. And indeed, it means rebalancing our economy, building that “Northern Powerhouse”. It means giving everyone in our country a chance, so no matter where you're from you have the opportunity to make the most of your life. It means giving the poorest people the chance of training, a job, and hope for the future. It means that for children who don't get the best start in life, there must be the nursery education and good schooling that can transform their life chances. And of course, it means bringing together the different nations of our United Kingdom.
I have always believed in governing with respect. That's why in the last Parliament, we devolved power to Scotland and Wales, and gave the people of Scotland a referendum on whether to stay inside the United Kingdom. In this Parliament I will stay true to my word and implement as fast as I can the devolution that all parties agreed for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Governing with respect means recognising that the different nations of our United Kingdom have their own governments, as well as the United Kingdom government. Both are important, and indeed with our plans, the governments of these nations will become more powerful, with wider responsibilities. In Scotland, our plans are to create the strongest devolved government anywhere in the world with important powers over taxation. And no constitutional settlement will be complete, if it did not offer, also, fairness to England.
When I stood here 5 years ago, our country was in the grip of an economic crisis. Five years on, Britain is so much stronger, but the real opportunities lie ahead. Everything I've seen over the last 5 years, and indeed, during this election campaign, has proved once again that this is a country with unrivalled skills and creativeness; a country with such good humour, and such great compassion, and I'm convinced that if we draw on all of this, then we can take these islands, with our proud history, and build an even prouder future.
Together we can make Great Britain greater still. Thank you.
托福阅读中的长难句型分析
福阅读难句类型大概分三类，不同类型的解题方法不同。本文中新东方在网托福频道为大家收集整理托福阅读长难句类型分析一文，供大家参考。
把句子的主干先抓出来，然后结合这些修饰成分有层次的理解句子。而抓住句子的核心主干的窍门往往在于找出句子的真正谓语，因为谓语是支撑整个句子的支点。
1.In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.
托福阅读难句类型：复杂修饰成分
本句主干结构是spectators experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images，其实非常简单，就是说观众们既看到影像也欣赏到了音效。但是从句子一开头的状语In many instances开始，作者用in the era before recorded sound 修饰主语spectators，割裂了谓语 experienced和主语之间的关系，然后宾语是 elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images倒不难，但是随后用一个 from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.来解释这个主干成分的句子。就使句子变得很复杂了。
译文：
很多时候，在有声时代之前，观众们在观看影像的同时也欣赏到了精心制作的音效，从日本多人对话式叙事到欧美交响乐团的原声乐，无不体现这一点。
训练：
In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.
2.Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.
托福阅读难句类型：层层追加的复杂修饰+插入成分
本句也是ETS的老套路了，为了把句子变长，就层层追加修饰成分，先又Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective所谓一个转折的分句，然后主句是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty ，接着用that引导 would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound的长句嵌套插入成分，来修饰novelty,但是实际上这些都不是什么重要的成分，大家只要读出来主句结构和句子的核心意思就是以前有一种预言认为有声电影很快就会消失就行了。
译文：
尽管后来人很难理解，但在20世纪20年代，一种批判性的意见预言：有声电影是一种将很快淡出公众视线的科技新事物，就像的许多先前把图像和声音结合起来的尝试，这些尝试可以追溯到第一次世界大战。
训练：
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.
3.Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.
托福阅读难句类型：复杂修饰+插入成分
本句的主句结构其实特别简单就是 stability is one of its major features, even when 引导的状语从句the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors,然后用 such as引导了列举temperature,之后再用 that引导从句来说明temperature would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.
译文：
事实上，即使有机体受到外界因素，如温度，强烈改变的影响，有机体内生物钟的稳定性是影响生物活动的一个主要因素。
训练：
Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.
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