法布尔的启示

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“海比天蓝”为你分享9篇“法布尔的启示”,经本站小编整理后发布,但愿对你的工作、学习、生活带来方便。

法布尔的启示

篇1:法布尔简介

绿色蝈蝈教学设计

课文研讨

一、整体把握

这是一篇妙趣横生的小品文。作者采用生动活泼的笔法,把蝈蝈写得活灵活现,具有很强的可读性。这也是法布尔《昆虫记》整部书的特色。鲁迅曾把《昆虫记》称为“讲昆虫故事”“讲昆虫生活”的楷模。周作人说:“比看那些无聊的小说戏剧更有趣味,更有意义。”的确如此,法布尔笔下的蝈蝈是鲜活的,字里行间洋溢着作者本人对生命的尊重与热爱。

先让学生认真地把课文读一遍,画出生字词。然后读第二遍,画出自己认为最精彩的段落或句子。这样做的目的是让学生切实地感受课文内容。

作者用什么方法引出蝈蝈呢?第1段并没有写蝈蝈,是写在别人欢度国庆的日子里,自己还没有忘记去观察昆虫。“我独自一人”说明作者对他所热爱的事业是多么执著!搞科学研究需要这样的精神。第2段写蝉在夜晚不再鸣叫,它要休息了。突然,蝉的一声哀号引出了本文的“主人公”──蝈蝈。这是多么富有匠心的写作思路!

从第3段开始介绍蝈蝈。作者采用拟人的手法来写蝈蝈。先写它的歌声。蝈蝈的声音是“窃窃自语”,“像是滑轮的响声”,“又像是干皱的薄膜隐隐约约的作响”,声音“喑哑”“尖锐”“短促”“清脆”。当四周的蛙声和其他虫鸣沉寂时,蝈蝈的声音则显得“非常柔和”。这些描述都表现出作者对蝈蝈的喜爱之情。特别是“绿色的蝈蝈啊,如果你拉的琴再响亮一点儿,那你就是比蝉更胜一筹的歌手了。在我国北方,人们却让蝉篡夺了你的名声!”流露出了多么浓厚炽热的感情!

进入第4段,开始写蝈蝈的食物习性,一直写到最后一段,这是文章的主体。这部分 内容是观察金属网罩里的蝈蝈。作者为了了解昆虫的生活习性,不仅到野外去观察,还捉了许多养在家里,这就是他的实验室。蝈蝈长得什么样呢?作者作了一番描述:“非常漂亮,浑身嫩绿,侧面有两条淡白色的丝带,身材优美,苗条匀称,两片大翼轻盈如纱。”优美的语言刻画出蝈蝈可爱的样子。接下来,作者写蝈蝈的食物。作者把蝈蝈和螽斯比较着写,它们都不太喜欢吃莴苣叶。这使作者遇到了“麻烦”。“麻烦”一词表现作者对蝈蝈悉心照料不怕麻烦的态度。作者推测蝈蝈可能吃鲜肉。这样的介绍,与一般的说明文不同。带有明显的感情色彩,亲切自然,富有文学笔法,是法布尔《昆虫记》的特色。这种笔法非常受青少年的欢迎。作者是如何知道蝈蝈最喜欢吃什么食物的呢?一句话,通过观察。清晨,作者散步时看到的一幕揭开了蝈蝈食物之谜──捕蝉为食。那么蝈蝈为什么最喜欢吃蝉的肚子呢?“是不是肚子比其他部位更受欢迎呢?”作者带着这个问题继续实验和观察。第7段写揭开了蝈蝈首先吃蝉肚子的秘密,因为肚子既有肉,又有甜食。8、9、10三段是对蝈蝈食性的补充说明。11段写蝈蝈彼此十分和睦地共居一起,从不争吵。

本文没有丝毫机械呆板的介绍,自始至终饶有兴趣。文中表现出的作者仔细观察,细心揣摩的探索创新精神是十分可贵的,能对学生产生良好的影响。

本文的写作特点很突出:1.文艺笔调。本文不像一般的说明文那样平实,而是灵活生动,不拘一格。既有对昆虫的形象描写,又有个人感情的流露。2.生动传神的语言。作者对蝈蝈充满了喜爱之情,因此在语言的使用上尽量生动感人。比如,“它们对这道菜吃得津津有味”“它毫不犹豫地都接受”“嗉囊装满后,它用喙尖抓抓脚底,用沾着唾液的爪擦擦脸和眼睛,然后闭着双眼或者躺在沙上消化食物”。这些语言都很传神。3.拟人手法的运用。像“蝈蝈在窃窃自语”“蝈蝈酷爱甜食”“蝈蝈是彼此十分和睦地共处在一起的”等都运用了拟人手法。拟人手法的运用,使得文章自然、亲切,增强了可读性。4.通过比较来写蝈蝈。比如在写蝈蝈的叫声时,拿蝉的叫声来作比较;写它喜欢吃肉食时,拿螽斯来作比较;写它追捕蝉时,拿鹰来作比较;写它同类相食时,拿螳螂来作比较。这些比较,既突出了蝈蝈的习性,又说明了作者对各种昆虫的习性了如指掌。

二、问题研究

本文的生字词比较多,教师在教学时要让学生多读几遍,多写几遍,弄清意思。这些词语是:篝火、狩猎、喧嚣、弱肉强食、颚、钳子、喑哑、静谧、沉寂、更胜一筹、螽斯、莴苣、悬殊、踢蹬、津津有味、嗉囊、喙、吮取、酷爱、螳螂、贪婪、唾液。

这是一篇妙趣横生的文章,教学时要注意调动学生学习的积极性,千万不要上得枯燥乏味。因此,多读,让学生自己讨论是可取的办法。

6、7、8、9、10段都很短,一段一层意思,教师可让学生自己总结。比如教师可以提问:“这五段合并为一段行不行?为什么?”

练习说明

一  快速阅读课文,讨论并完成下列各题。

1.绿色蝈蝈的外表有哪些特征?绿色蝈蝈有哪些习性?作者主要写了哪个方面的习性?

2.作者不断变换对绿色蝈蝈的称呼,找出这些称呼,说说作者在什么情况下用什么称呼,这样写有什么效果。

3.课文多处运用拟人手法,找出几个例子,说说这样写的好处。

参考答案:

1.这道题检查阅读效果,看看学生能否抓住文章的基本内容。参考答案:外表特征,“这种昆虫非常漂亮,浑身嫩绿,侧面有两条淡白色的丝带,身材优美,苗条匀称,两片大翼轻盈如纱。”作者写了蝈蝈的叫声和食性。主要写的是食物习性。

2.作者对蝈蝈的称呼有:狂热的狩猎者、我笼里的囚犯、蝉的屠夫等。当蝈蝈捕杀蝉时作者用“狂热的狩猎者”;当蝈蝈成为作者笼中观察和实验的对象时,作者就用“笼里的囚犯”;当蝈蝈吃蝉肉时作者称之为“蝉的屠夫”。作者不断变换称呼,使行文更生动,描写更形象,给人更深刻的印象。

3.“窃窃自语”“津津有味”“酷爱甜食”“毫不犹豫地都接受”是拟人。这样写亲切自然,形象生动。

二  去户外静听虫鸣鸟啼,辨别这些声音,并用一段话形象地描写出来。

此题旨在鼓励学生开展语文实践活动,实现跨学科交流。

教学建议

一、找法布尔的《昆虫记》(节选本)进行课外阅读,并做读书笔记。

二、注意学习、积累语言。

三、同学之间互相介绍自己最熟悉的一种动物。

有关资料

一、法布尔传略(王光)

1823年12月22日,法布尔降生在法国南部阿韦龙省圣雷翁村一户农民家中。其父安杜瓦纳·法布尔能言善辩,好打抱不平;其母维克陶尔·萨尔格性情温顺,和蔼可亲。但他们是个山乡穷户。

法布尔四岁左右,父母送他到祖母家生活,暂时减轻家庭衣食负担。天真的孩子爱上了祖母家的白鹅、牛犊和绵羊,迷上了户外大自然中的花草虫鸟。

长到七岁,父母接他回家,送他进了村里的小学。校舍条件极其简陋,一间正规房间,一间房顶阁楼。正规房间既当教室,又作厨房、饭堂和睡房,门外就是鸡窝猪圈。老师虽有责任心,却经常无法正常教书,因为他还兼任着本村的剃头匠、旧城堡管理员、敲钟人、唱诗班成员和时钟维修工。

初入学堂,法布尔很不适应,26个法文字母让他花了比别人多几倍的时间,但小法布尔求知欲望格外强烈。他常有机会跑到乡间野外,每次回来,兜里装满了蜗牛、贝壳、蘑菇或其他植物、虫类。

大人一心向往城市生活。法布尔十岁时,小学还没读完,只好随全家迁到本省的罗德茨市去住。父母在那里开了个小咖啡馆,同时安排酷爱学习的小法布尔去罗德茨中学,只随班听课,不在校食宿。这期间,为交足学费,法布尔每逢星期日便去教堂,为弥撒活动做些服务工作,挣回少许酬金。整个中学阶段,法布尔家为生计所迫,几度迁居,又先后在上加龙省的图卢兹市和埃罗纳省的蒙彼利埃市落脚。少年法布尔不得不出门做工谋生,致使中学无法正常读下来。他抓紧一切时间自学,强记勤问。到了15岁那一年,他只身报考沃克吕兹省阿维尼翁市的师范学校,结果被正式录取。

从阿维尼翁师范学校毕业后,法布尔谋得同省卡庞特拉中学初中教员职位,从此开始了长达二十余年的中学教师生涯。

起初,他教数学。一次带学生上户外几何课,忽然在石块上发现了垒筑蜂和蜂窝,被城市生活禁锢了八九年的“虫心”突然焕发。他花了一个月的工资,买到一本昆虫学著作,细读之后,一种抑制不住的强大动力萌生了,他立志要做一个为虫子书写历史的人。那一年他不足19岁。

研究昆虫的决心下定了,但维持生存的职业是教书,法布尔仍须为现实问题苦斗。他先参加有关部门组织的会考,拿到高中毕业资格的业士证书。以后又坚持业余自修,通过各门考试,取得大学资格的物理数学学士学位。24岁的法布尔,由政府教育部门调派到科西嘉岛,担任阿雅克修市中学的教员。他一面努力任教,一面利用业余时间做动植物观察记录。四年后,他被调回阿维尼翁市,担任中学教员。他心目中有个理想:有朝一日能在大学讲课。

两年后,法布尔仍靠自学,取得自然科学学士学位。又过一年,31岁的法布尔以两篇优秀学术论文的实力,一举获得自然科学博士学位。两篇论文的题目分别是:《关于兰科植物节结的研究》和《关于再生器官的解剖学研究及多足纲动物发育的研究》。就在同一年,他在《自然科学年鉴》发表了长期积累的成果──《节腹泥蜂习俗观察记》。《观察记》博得广泛赞赏,法布尔出色的观察才能令人折服,人们公认他不仅纠正了以往权威学者的错误,弥补了前人的疏漏,而且阐发了独到的见解。法布尔的昆虫学文章,开始引起人们的注意。34岁那一年,他发表了关于鞘翅昆虫过变态问题的研究成果,学术质量之精、理论意义之大,令同行刮目相看。法兰西研究院向他颁发了实验生理学奖金,肯定他在活态昆虫上的研究具有不同于昆虫结构解剖学的价值。英国生物学家达尔文格外关注这位年轻的法国人;待1859年《物种起源》问世时人们读到,达尔文称他是“难以效法的观察家”。

博学的法布尔老师,又发现一种从茜草中提取红色染素的工艺,当地政府准备采用他的技术。可是没想到,经过数年周折,工厂主最终建造的是一个人工合成茜红色染料的车间,没有实现他想利用茜草自然资源的“工业化学梦”。这期间,帝国教育部曾以杰出教师的名义为他授勋,主要表彰他在教师岗位上也能从事自然科学研究;他为此还受到拿破仑三世几分钟的接见。放弃化工计划后,为实施教育部长教学改革方案,增设自然课内容,法布尔给女大学生不定期作了一些讲座,听课者越来越多。出于保守、偏见和妒嫉,一群有身份的政界、教育界人物无端指责他是“具有颠覆性的危险人物”,宗教界顽固派攻击他“当着姑娘的面讲植物两性繁殖”。最后由房东出面,强令法布尔全家搬走。法布尔决定离开阿维尼翁这座城市,决心今后再也不想登什么大学讲台。这一年是1870年,法布尔已经46岁。

法布尔携妻室子女进入沃克吕兹省境内,在奥朗日市找到一处安身的家。先丢了饭碗,再花销路费,生活没了着落。一向腼腆的法布尔破天荒开口“求钱”,向只有几面之交的英国著名哲学家密尔(旧译“穆勒”)诉苦,这位英国朋友几年来在阿维尼翁侨居。密尔先生慷慨解囊,法布尔一家度过难关。此后五年间,法布尔主要以撰写自然科学知识读物为生,他的卓越文才开始显露出来。他出版了不少读本,其中包括《天空》《大地》《植物》等讲解性小说诗歌文学作品,也包括《保尔大叔谈害虫》这样的系列故事性小说诗歌文学作品。

1875年,长期思考后,法布尔决定远离城市喧嚣,加紧实现整理旧资料、开展新研究的昆虫学工作计划。他带领家人,迁往乡间小镇塞里尼昂。小镇各方面条件较差,甚至没有像样的学校。他鼓励小儿子:在这里能锻炼出强壮的身体和强健的头脑,比在故纸堆里更能发现美和真。经过四年努力,整理二十余年资料而写成的《昆虫记》第一卷,于1879年问世。

1880年,法布尔的宿愿终于实现:他用积攒的一小笔钱,在小镇附近购得一处坐落在生荒地上的老旧民宅,进一步研究活虫子的计划即将变成现实。他精神舒畅,用当地普罗旺斯语给这处居所取了个风趣的雅号──荒石园。年复一年,荒石园主人穿着农民的粗呢子外套,吃着普通老百姓的清汤淡饭,尖镐平铲刨挖,于是,花草争妍,灌木成丛,一座百虫乐园建好了。他守着心爱的荒石园,开足生命的马力,不知疲倦地从事独具特色的昆虫学研究,把劳动成果写进一卷又一卷的《昆虫记》。他就是这样,孤独、欢欣、清苦、平静地度过了35年余生。

《昆虫记》是以大量科学报告材料和文学气质艰苦写成的巨著,文体基本为散文,主体内容集中在昆虫学问题上,同时收入一些讲述经历、回忆往事的传记性文章,若干解决理论问题的议论,以及少量带科普知识性的文字。一位饱经沧桑、追求不止的昆虫学探索者的优势,在这部巨著中得到充分发挥。十卷二百二十余篇,内容丰富自有公论;可其工程之艰难,恐怕只有作者本人才最清楚。法布尔这样说:“散文写作”比求解方程根来得“残酷”。

第十卷脱稿时,他原来不打算把《菜青虫》《萤火虫》两篇编进去,因为这两篇是为计划之中的第十一卷写的。就在这时候,他意识到自己85岁的老身子骨支撑不住了,而且耳聩眼花,手指僵到难以正常写作的地步。最后,他心中埋没了“第十一卷”的念头,毅然将两篇文章定为第十卷的增补篇。19,他已过86岁,第十卷问世了。他抱着书,拄着拐杖,装上放大镜,一步三摇,流连在“荒石园”中,仍想再把《昆虫记》写下去……但老人的心愿难以实现了。

就在这一年,家人以“从事《昆虫记》写作五十周年”之名,邀集法布尔的挚友和学界友好来到“荒石园”,为他举行一次小型庆祝会。法布尔倍感安慰,热泪盈眶。消息传出,舆论界大哗大惊:法国人居然把隐居“荒石园”中的这位值得骄傲的同胞忘得如此轻松!法布尔不在乎这“疏忽”,他正开始筹划出版全十卷精装本《昆虫记》,并亲自为这一版本写下一篇短短的序言。序言结尾是这样几句话:“非常遗憾,如今我被迫中断了这些研究。要知道从事这些研究,是我一生得到的惟一仅有的安慰。阅尽大千世界,自知虫类是其最多姿多彩者中之一群。即使能让我再获得些许气力,甚至有可能再获得几次长寿人生,我也做不到彻底认清虫类的益趣。”

新闻界造起宣传声势,“法布尔”的名字四处传扬;“了不起”“最杰出”“伟大”一类赞扬声此起彼伏,荣誉桂冠一个接一个飞向老人;“荒石园”热闹非凡,赶往参观、慰问、祝贺的人群络绎不绝,其中有普通读者,有学界要人,也有轿车成行的政府官员。能令法布尔为之动心的消息只有一个:那一年里,自己小说诗歌文学作品销出的册数,是此前的总和。后来,法布尔的小石膏像四处出现;再后来,法布尔的大型塑像相继剪彩揭幕。老人一辈子未识光彩荣耀为何事,此时下意识地摇着头,颇有莫名其妙之感。近90岁的老翁,操着诙谐的口吻对老朋友说:“这些作法,也太‘神乎’了。他们爱怎么着就怎么着吧,反正我是感到,自己一天比一天憔悴,一天比一天临近末日。”

离92岁生日只差一个月了,法布尔卧在床上,静候生命里程这又一标志性日子的到来。那是1911月的一天,他平静得像一位藐视死神的勇士。这时候人们发现,他已悄悄地长眠了。一位以昆虫为琴拨响人类命运颤音的巨人,从此消失。

法布尔去世不到十年,十卷精装本《昆虫记》出齐。他的女婿勒格罗博士,将介绍他一生的文章结集出版,续作《昆虫记》第十一卷。

法国文学界曾以“昆虫世界的维吉尔”为称号,推荐他为诺贝尔文学奖候选人。可惜诺奖委员们还没来得及做最后决议,便传来法布尔已经离世的消息。然而,这一光荣称号被人们传颂开来。

人们曾称法布尔是“昆虫观察家”,到晚年公认他为“昆虫学家”;他去世后,人们在一段时间里称他为“昆虫学家、作家”,后来又把他称作“作家、昆虫学家”。这些称号,对法布尔来说是当之无愧的。

二、法布尔与《昆虫记》(邹华)

花城出版社出版译自法文本的《昆虫记》十卷全译本,为这出“昆虫总动员”划上了一个完满的句号。至此,距周作人、鲁迅最初的介绍已近80年了。

在法布尔那个时代,研究动物是蹲在实验室里做解剖与分类的工作,昆虫学家的研究是把昆虫钉在木盒里,浸在烧酒里,睁大眼睛观察昆虫的触角、上颚、翅膀、足,对这些器官在昆虫的劳动过程中起什么作用却很少思考;他们给昆虫工人命名,却不知道这个工人生产的是什么。昆虫生命的重要特征──本能与习性等等,登不了昆虫学的大雅之堂。法布尔挑战传统,将自己变成虫人,深入昆虫的生活,用田野实验的方法研究昆虫的本能与习性。他的这种研究方法遭到了正统势力的责难,他辩驳道:“你们是把昆虫开膛破肚,而我是在它们活蹦乱跳的情况下进行研究;你们把昆虫变成一堆既可怖又可怜的东西,而我则使得人们喜欢它们;你们在酷刑室和碎尸场里工作,而我是在蔚蓝的天空下,在鸣蝉的歌声中观察;你们用试剂测试蜂房和原生质,而我却研究本能的最高表现;你们探究死亡,而我却探究生命。”(《昆虫记》卷二)

在冷酷无情的大自然环境中,昆虫们坚忍不拔地为个体与种族的生存而斗争。法布尔也一如他所挚爱的昆虫一样,百折不挠地坚持自己的研究方法。当法布尔从他的“荒石园”中捧出浓缩他一生研究昆虫的成果──《昆虫记》,用大量翔实的第一手资料,将纷繁复杂的昆虫世界真实地呈现在人们的面前时,世界震惊了。

《昆虫记》是一部严谨的科学著作,但面孔却十分和善,不故作深刻,没有干巴巴的学究气,没有学术著作的晦涩枯燥与一本正经,“没有充满言之无物的公式、一知半解的瞎扯,而是准确地描述观察到的事实,一点儿不多,一点儿不少。”(《昆虫记》卷二)

这也遭到正统派的指责,说他的文字不庄严。法布尔说:“如果说我是为了那些企图有朝一日稍微弄清本能这个问题的学者、哲学家们而写,我也为,我尤其是为年轻人而写,我希望他们热爱这门被你们弄得令人憎恶的博物史;这就是为什么我在极力保持翔实的同时,不采用你们那种科学性的文字,因为这种文字似乎是从休伦人(17世纪北美洲的印第安人──编者注)的语言中借来的。”(《昆虫记》卷二)更何况那是一个“风格即人”的时代。当布封喊响“风格即人”以后,整个18、19世纪,博物学家大都热衷于将研究成果写成文学性著作。法布尔也不例外,也刻意在文章风格上下功夫,但《昆虫记》没有一般文学小说诗歌文学作品花里胡哨的俗态。法布尔的风格就如他的人格一样:朴素而真实。

请看法布尔描写宽厚的蝉在七月的一个下午钻了一口水井,却被侵略者抢占的情景:

果然,一大群口干舌燥的家伙在东张西望地转悠着。它们发现了这口井,井边渗出来的汁液把它暴露了。这群家伙一拥而上,开始还有一点儿小心翼翼,只是舔舔渗出来的汁液。我看到匆忙赶到甜蜜的井口边的,有胡蜂、苍蝇、球螋、泥蜂、蛛蜂、金匠花金龟,最多的是蚂蚁。

那些个子小的为了走近清泉,便钻到蝉的肚子下,蝉宽厚地抬起爪子,让这些不速之客自由通过;那些大一点儿的昆虫,不耐烦地跺着脚,迅速地吸了一口就退开,到旁边的树枝上去兜一圈,然后更加大胆地回来。它们越发贪婪了,刚才还有所收敛,现在已变成了一群乱哄哄的侵略者,一心要把开源引水的凿井人从泉水边赶走。

在这群强盗中,最不罢休的是蚂蚁。我曾看见过它们一点一点儿地乱咬蝉的爪尖,逮着正被它们拉扯的蝉的翅尖儿,爬到蝉背上,挠着蝉的触角。一只大胆的蚂蚁就在我的眼皮下,竟然抓住蝉的吸管,拼命想把它拔出来。

这个巨人给这些小矮子烦得没了耐心,最终放弃了水井。它朝这群拦路抢劫的家伙撒了一泡尿逃走了。(《昆虫记》卷五)

法布尔写《昆虫记》并不局限于仅仅真实地记录下昆虫的生活,而是以人性观照虫性,昆虫的本能、习性、劳动、婚恋、繁衍和死亡无不渗透着人文关怀,并以虫性反观社会人生,睿智的哲思跃然纸上;最重要的是,整部小说诗歌文学作品充满了对生命的关爱之情,充满了对自然万物的赞美之情。正是这种对于生命的尊重与热爱的敬畏之情,给这部普普通通的科学著作注入了灵魂,使这部描写微小的昆虫的书成为人类获得知识、趣味、美感和思想的鸿篇巨制。

贫穷和偏见困扰了法布尔的一生,他完全可以利用化学和数学天赋走一条驾轻就熟的捷径,赢得掌声和荣誉,过上梦想中的好日子。他之所以执著而艰难地坚持自己的研究和探索,是因为他有着某种精神;那就是求真,即追求真理,探求真相。如果没有这种精神,就没有《昆虫记》,人类的精神之树上将少掉一颗智慧之果。

法布尔说:“我是圣多马(耶稣十二门徒之一,亲手触摸耶稣伤口始信其复活。──编者注)难于对付的弟子,在对某个事物说‘是’以前,我要观察、触摸,而且不是一次,是两三次,甚至没完没了,直到我的疑心在如山的铁证下归顺听从为止。”(《昆虫记》卷七)求真,使他把昆虫研究的实证精神发展到极其严谨的地步,必须通过反复的观察和实验来探究昆虫世界的真相;求真,使他如孩童般天真,敢于根据自己的观察和实验质疑权威理论。法布尔在研究树莓桩中的壁蜂时发现,他观察到的事实与优胜劣汰的理论相悖,于是,他戳了进化论一针:

如果优胜劣汰这个据说是支配和改造着世界的著名规律言之有据,如果最有天赋的真的把最没有天赋的从世界这个舞台上排除掉,如果未来是属于最强者、最有技巧者;那么壁蜂家庭自从它们在树莓桩里挖洞以来,它们本应该就让那些固执地要从通常的出口出去的弱小者死掉,而全都由善于从侧面凿洞的强有力者来代替的。……可是,强者的子孙并没有使弱者的子孙消失,相反它们仍然是少数。优胜劣汰规律的巨大意义给我留下了强烈的印象,但是每当我想把这个规律应用于观察到的事实,它却使我空忙一场而得不到任何证据来解释实际的情况。这个规律在理论上是宏伟的,可在事实面前却是装着空气的球。 (《昆虫记》卷二)

达尔文的进化论是“19世纪自然科学三大发现”之一,19世纪正是“物竞天择,适者生存”大行其道的世纪,法布尔发出这不合时宜的声音,正是求真的精神给了他勇气。

洋洋洒洒二百万字的《昆虫记》,不仅详尽地记录着法布尔的研究成果,更记载着法布尔痴迷昆虫研究的动因、生平抱负、知识背景、生活状况等等,尤其是《阿尔玛实验室》《返祖现象》《我的学校》《水塘》《数学忆事:牛顿二项式》《数学忆事:我的小桌》《童年的回忆》《难忘的一课》《工业化学》这几章。如果换一种眼光看,不妨把《昆虫记》当作法布尔的自传,一部非常奇特的自传,昆虫只不过是他研究经历的证据,传记的旁证材料。

三、轻音乐演奏家──螽斯

螽斯是昆虫“音乐家”中的佼佼者。螽斯最突出的特点就是善于鸣叫,其鸣声各异,有的高亢洪亮,有的低沉宛转,或如潺潺流水,或如急风骤雨,声调或高或低,声音或清或哑,给大自然增添了一串串美妙的音符。

1.形态特征

螽斯有时也被称为蝈蝈,又称哥哥,是鸣虫中体型较大的一种。体长在40毫米左右,侧扁。触角丝状,通常超过体长。覆翅膜质,较脆弱,前缘向下方倾斜,一般以左翅覆于右翅之上。后翅多稍长于前翅,也有短翅或无翅种类。雄虫前翅具发音器。前足胫节基部具一对听器。足跗节4节。尾须短小,产卵器刀状或剑状。栖息于树上的种类常为绿色,无翅的地栖种类通常色暗。

2.生物学习性

螽斯科为渐变态昆虫,一生要经历卵、若虫和成虫三个阶段。卵多产于植物组织中,或成列产于叶边缘或茎干上,一般不产在土中,若虫需蜕皮5~6次才能变为成虫。蝈蝈一年一代,成虫通常在7~9月为活跃期。成虫植食性或肉食性,也有杂食种类,多栖息于草丛、矮树、灌木丛中,善于跳跃不易捕捉。有时捉住了它的一条腿,它会毫不犹豫地“丢足保身”,断腿逃窜。因此,当你去捕捉时一定要十分小心。雄虫脱皮后3~10天开始鸣叫,夏日炎炎,常引亢高歌,铿锵有力。天气越热,叫得越欢。谚语说:“蝈蝈叫,夏天到。”在我国的南北方均有它们的“声”和“影”。在民间饲养广泛,深得爱好者的青睐。每到夏秋季节,大街小巷中常可见到骑自行车叫卖蝈蝈的小贩。

3.饲养方法

饲养蝈蝈并不难,它的食性很杂。在野外,主食植物的茎、叶、瓜果,也会捕食小昆虫,甚至斗胆捕捉蝗虫。人工饲养很容易,通常用竹丝笼、玉米秆、篾片编织笼为好,并悬挂于通风处,避免日光暴晒。它们有相互残杀的习性,故每笼一只,不能混养。在饲养中只要荤素搭配得当,一定会养得体壮善鸣。素食主要喂以柿子椒、南瓜花、葱、毛豆、丝瓜、甘蓝、茭白、青菜等。荤食可用蛋黄、肉糜、肝粉等混合喂养。入冬以后,装入葫芦,贴身保暖,通常可以养到来年春节前后。将饲养笼挂在阳台或庭院向阳处,你便可以听到它响亮的鸣叫声,犹如身处大自然。

4.种类与分布

蝈蝈的种类很多,全世界已知约7 000种。我国约有百余种,按地域分,南方统称“南哥”,北方称“北哥”。按地区划分,则各地都有各自的称呼。如山东产的称“鲁哥”,北京产的称“燕哥”,山西产的称“晋哥”。若按它们的成长期划分,端午节后出现的称“夏叫”,声音低弱;立秋后10天出现的称“早叫”,体型健壮,叫声洪亮;在晚秋出现的称“冬虫”,叫声柔弱。如按它们的体色分,绿色而有光泽称“翠哥”,绿色带白的称“白哥”,或“糙白哥”,紫红如铁者称“铁哥”。若按眼睛的颜色命名者,则有“红眼翠哥”,“黑眼铁哥”等。若在野外捕捉的称“野虫”,人工繁育者称“孵虫”或“坊虫”。

5.发音器官

螽斯发出的各种美妙的声音,是靠一对覆翅的相互摩擦形成的。它们的“乐器”长在前翅上:在左覆翅的臀区具一略呈圆形的发音锉,锉周缘围以较强而弯曲的翅脉,中间横贯一条加粗的翅脉作为音锉,音锉上有许多小齿;右覆翅上具边缘硬化的刮器,音锉与刮器相互摩擦,即可产生声音来,由于不同种类音锉的大小、齿数、齿间距都不相同,因而发出的声音也各不相同。此外,翅的薄厚和振动速度也影响鸣声的节奏和高低。品种不同,发声的频率也不一样。频率通常在870赫~9 000赫之间。整个夏天它摩擦前翅5 000万~6 000万次。

6.螽斯为什么鸣叫

能够发出声音的只是雄性螽斯,雌性是“哑巴”,但雌性有听器,可以听到雄虫的呼唤。雄虫通过发出自己独特的鸣声(声音通讯),借以寻找配偶,吸引同种雌虫前来交配,进行生殖活动。以此为目的鸣叫是一种多音节或单音节构成的唧唧声,称作“婚恋曲”,雄虫往往能连续唱很长时间,并常会有几头雄虫同时高歌,雌虫闻讯赶来,一般选中歌声洪亮者作为自己的“恋人”。声音除了用来吸引异性外,还能起到自卫和报警的作用,当两只雄虫相遇时,便高唱“战歌”,面对面摆好架式,摇动着触角,大有一触即发之势,双方只有后撤才会相安无事。如果周围出现异常或危险,螽斯便发出“警报”,警告其他螽斯。

篇2:法布尔蝉教案

法布尔蝉教案

一、教学目的:

1、学习通过细致观察,用拟人等文艺性手法和准确明晰的语言,说明一种动物生    长过程和生活习性的方法。

2、培养细致观察事物的兴趣和习惯。

3、理解作者在动物世界的描述中所寄寓的生活哲理。

二、教学重点、难点:

1、重点: 拟人等文艺手法的运用。

2、难点: 本文所寄寓的生活哲理。

三、教学时数:

自读课文  一课时

四、教学步骤:

预习思考题:

1、画出本文的结构示意图。

2、找出本文的修辞手法。

字词正音:

蜣qiāng(屎壳郎)  窠kē(鸟兽做的窝)  墁màn(用砖或石块铺地面)

纤xiān(细小)

蚋ruì(小昆虫,体长两三毫米,头小,色黑,胸背隆起,吸人和牲畜的血液)

鳍qí(鱼类的运动器官)  曝pù(晒)

词语补释:

喧嚣: 声音杂乱,不清静。

匹敌: (qǐ)对等,相称。

罅隙: 缝隙。

腾跃: 跳跃。

开合自如: 分开收拢不受阻碍。

倒楣: 遭遇不好。(也作倒霉)

无动于衷: 心里一点也不受感动;一点也不动心。

作者简介:

让亨法布尔被誉为“昆虫世界的荷马”,他的传世杰作《昆虫记》是一部十大卷的巨著。作者用富有诗意的文艺笔调向人们展示出一个绚丽多姿,光怪陆离的昆虫世界。这与作者长期接触大自然和喜爱文学,酷爱诗歌分不开。少年时期的法布尔家境贫苦,为了帮助贴补家用,便担当起给人放鸭的劳动。正是在与大自然的长期接触中,少年法布尔爱上了昆虫研究这一行。由于他对各种昆虫的精细的持久的观察,他笔下的昆虫故事都显得多生动有趣,而且还带上了他对社会和人生的观察的烙印,使他的作品更富有深刻的意义。par    《昆虫记蝉》共有“蝉和蚁”、“蝉的地穴”、“蝉的音乐”、“蝉的卵”四部分。作者用生动活泼、风趣形象的语言,详细阐明了蝉的生活习性,具体介绍了蝉从卵到幼虫,从幼虫到成虫的生长过程。课本节选自第二、四部分。

本文属科学小品,是介绍动物生态的说明文。

写作特点:

一、说明中兼用文艺笔调,对所要说的事物进行具体描绘。

1、表现手法:

拟人: 读了“蝉的卵”,我们仿佛看到一位“可怜的母亲”生儿育女所付的艰辛,同样也会憎恨象蚋那样专门残害生灵的坏种。而由卵发育成蝉所经历的漫长艰苦的历程,更使我们对这个小生物的成长发出慨叹,多么不易啊! 从而对作者在文末的一大段抒情产生共鸣。最后一段里的'“苦工”“享乐”“歌声”“穿起”等。

比喻: 以“表演一种奇怪的体操”来比喻蝉的离壳过程。它“在空中腾跃,翻转,使头部倒悬,折绉的翼向外伸直、竭力张开。然后用一种几乎不可能看清的动作,尽力翻上来,并用前爪钩住它的空皮。这个动作使尾端从壳脱出。”整个动作顺序有它自身的规律,其中的“腾跃”“翻转”“倒悬”“伸直”“张开”“翻”“钩”“脱”等动词用得非常准确,把蝉脱壳的整个过程准确而又生动地展现在读者面前。par   2、说明顺序倒叙  幼虫→成虫→产卵→幼虫

(顺序  卵→幼虫→成虫→生活习性、生理特征)

跟记叙文“倒叙”的作用完全一样,是为了突出蝉的“四年黑暗中的苦工”这既是重点(蝉一生大部分的活动时间),又是难点(最不易了解),并使行文生动活泼,吸引读者注意,加深读者印象。

二、语言准确明晰。

1、使用同义词或近义词。(为了科学地说明蝉的生态的各个方面)

第一部分

第七段“臃肿”,言其肥大而笨,写出它的形态,因其大故能贮满汁液。

“肥重”,言其重,因其重,故能把烂泥挤进干土的罅隙。

第八、十、十一自然段“把握”“钩住”“挂”这三个词语分别写出了“蝉的脱壳的过程”。

“把握”: 紧紧抓住。“钩住”: 像钩子一样挂住。“挂”: 吊在上面。

第二部分

第十二段“寻觅”“寻找”“找到”分别写出了天冷找地方藏身的情况。

这三个词语都有“找”的意思,一个比一个口语色彩更浓。

2、语言准确、平实。

第二段中说: “在阳光曝晒的道路上有好些小圆孔,孔口与地面相平。蝉的幼虫就从这些圆孔爬出”。“道路”前面的一个限定语“阳光曝晒” 正写出蝉的特性“喜欢顶干燥、阳光顶多的地方。”“阳光曝晒”不能写为“阳光充足”,“曝晒”限制在炎热的夏天。

拿蝉的脱壳过程和孵化过程来说,文章都写得很清楚,“开始”“不久”“最后”“以后”这些时间词语,正写出其过程的进展。

作业:

[思考和练习]第二题、第三题。

篇3:法布尔英文简介

让·亨利·卡西米尔·法布尔简介

Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre (1823-1915), the famous French entomologist, writer. Known as the “insects of the Homer” (according to Homer for the ancient Greek two famous epic “Iliad” and “Odyssey” the author), the insect sector “Virgil”. He painted more than 700 pieces of fungi with watercolor paintings and was appreciated and loved by the Provence poet Mistral. He also contributed to the bleaching and dyeing industry, has received three patents on alizarin.

让·亨利·卡西米尔·法布尔人物生平

Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre (1823 ~ 1915) at the age of 92, he is a famous French entomologist, animal behaviorist, writer. Known as the “insects of the Homer”, “insect community of Virgil”. Fabre was born in a French farmer in San Leon, Provence, southern France. For the next few years, Fabre was spent at the grandmother's house of Malawar, not far from the village, who was attracted by the lovely insects of the country's butterflies and fireflies.

In 1857, he published the “Abdominal Habits habit observation”, this paper amended the then entomologist founder Leon Du Fuer's erroneous view, which won the praise of the French Academy, was awarded the Experimental Physiology Award The During this period, Fabre will also devote himself to the study of natural dyed madder or alizarin, when the French soldiers trousers on the red, it comes from the madder powder.

In 1859, Fabre received three patents for such research. Later, Fabré was invited by the Minister of Public Education, Victor Druid, to organize the organization and teaching of an adult night school, but his free teaching method caused dissatisfaction with some people. So he resigned his job, with the family settled in Aurang, and live is more than ten years. In this more than ten years, Fabre completed the last volume of ten volumes of “Insects” in the first volume. During the period, he repeatedly with friends to Wandu mountain collection of plant specimens. In addition, he also met the British philosopher Mir, but Miller died young, so that the two previously brewing plan “Walker Luz Vegetation Grand” so died. At the same time, a great misfortune came to Faber: he was a total of six children, one of the only interest with his father, love to observe the son of nature Jules only sixteen years old and left the world. Since then, Fabre will discover several plants dedicated to the early death of Jules, to express his memory. The study of fungi has always been one of Fabre's hobbies.

In 1878, he wrote a lot of wonderful academic articles on the theme of the fungus of Vaucluse. His research on the wild is also very detailed, and meticulously described its fragrance, gourmets claim to be able to from the real block of wild goods described in his description of all the taste.

In 1879, Fabre bought the Selinese desolate garden, and has been living to death. This is a barren barren land, but it is the land of insects, in addition to family living, there are his study, studio and test ground, let him quietly concentrate on thinking, threw himself into All kinds of observation and experiment to go, it can be said that he has always dreamed of heaven and earth. It is here, Fabre side of the observation and experiment, while finishing the first half of the study of insect observation notes, experimental records and scientific notes, completed the “Insect” in the last nine volumes. Today, the former residence has become a museum, quietly located in a rich Provencal style of the botanical garden.

Fabre has a long history of self-study, has received a bachelor's degree, a bachelor's degree in mathematics, a bachelor's degree in natural science and a doctorate in natural sciences, proficient in Latin and Greek, favorite Roman writer Horace and poet Virgil's works. He is in the painting, watercolor is also almost self-taught, leaving a lot of exquisite fungus illustrations made Nobel Prize winner, the French poet Frederick Mistral is full of praise. In his later years, the success of the “Insects” won him the reputation of “the insects of the insects” and the “Virgil of the insects”, and his achievements have been widely recognized by society. Fabre had a lot of scientific titles, but he was still as simple as being shy and humble and living a life of poverty. His talent was admired by scholars at the time, including the British biologist Darwin, 1911 Nobel Prize winner - Belgian playwright Maite Linke, German writer Junger, French philosopher Bergson, poet horse Latin American, Provence writer Lumannier and so on. As the “Insects” in the accurate record of the Fabry conducted experiments, opened the insect life and life habits of many secrets, Darwin called Faber as “can not follow the observer.” When he lived in Celignan, many scholars and writers went to visit him. Fabre had received Pasteur, British philosopher Mir and other scholars in his own home, but with their communication is not frequent. The Minister of Public Education, Victor Druid, recommended Fabre to Napoleon III, who awarded him the Medal of Honor. French politician Raymond Pune Gala through Celignan, specifically bypassing the Great Stone Park to pay tribute to him. As a naturalist, he has left a number of animal and plant academic works, including “fine grass: patents and papers”, “Avignon's animal”, “block wild”, “ As a poet, he wrote a lot of poems in the Provencal language of southern France, and was affectionately made by the locals, who had written a number of poems, Known as the ”Gadfly poet“. In addition, he also translated some of the works of the Provencal poet into French; spare time, he also used his own small harmonica spectrum under some small music. However, Fabre works in the longest, the most important position, the most known to the world is still ”Insect in mind.“ This work not only shows his scientific observation and research talent and literary talent, but also to the reader to convey his humanistic spirit and the love of life.

Childhood

On December 22, 1823, he was born in an ancient village of Saint-leon in the southern province of Aqilong province in France, where he was named John Amway. Father Antonio (born in 1800), mother Fickwal (born in 1805).

In 1825 (2 years old) brother Frantick was born.

In 1827 (3 years old) because the mother to take care of young brother, so he from 3 years old until 6 years old, are fostered in the village of Malabo grandfather home; here is a big farm, there are many older children than him. He is a curious, memory of the child, had self-confirmed light is seen by the eyes, and to trace out the leaves of the Ming insects are exposed grasshopper. Before going to bed like to listen to grandmother story, and cold winter night is often holding sheep to sleep.

1830 (6 years old) returned to Sa Lei Wang village, into the Li Kaer teacher run private school, in class, often pig, chicken will run into the classroom foraging. By the animal books to write down the A, B, C ... alphabet, interested in insects and grasses, found the black throat robin nest, made nest blue wine, the priest persuaded, the eggs returned to the original Increase the income of the family, to help take care of ducklings, responsible for rushed to the marshes, and thus found the swamp creatures and crystal, mica and other minerals.

1833 (9 years old) Fabre secondary school graduation. The family moved to the town of Rhodes, the father to operate a coffee shop for a living, into the Wang Li College, served as a ceremonial ritual and exempt from tuition. During the school, study Latin and Greek, like reading the poem of the ancient Roman poet Wilkires.

1837 (13 years old) father operating coffee shop failed, his family moved to Torres. Go to the Eskors Theological Seminary.

1838 (14 years old) father's business failed again, moved to Montbli City, and opened a shop, away from home to sell lemon, do railway workers and other self-reliance. Used to buy more than one day wages to buy ”Lubu Er poetry“, brought to the wilderness to read, to understand the various insects for the greatest pleasure, the first time to catch the European gill tortoise, was particularly pleased.

teens

1839 when the workers.

In 1840 (16 years old) due to the result of retreat was the teacher scolded and worked hard in two years to complete three years of credits, the rest of the year free learning natural history, Latin and Greek.

1842 (18 years old) after graduating from normal school, became a teacher of Calbentola primary school, the annual salary of 700 francs, due to enthusiastic teaching, well received. Father business failure, moved from the town of Bourbon to Bordeaux town.

1843 (19 years old) on the wild outside the measurement practice, the students learned that painted wall bee. But also because of this bee and began to read Blanche, Leo Mier and others with the ”arthropod“, from the heart ”entomology.“

1844 (20 years old) and colleague Marie van Jay (23 years old) married. Own learning mathematics, physics, chemistry and so on. The father's coffee shop is closed and is temporarily working in the tax office of the Calbentola.

1845 (21 years old) eldest daughter Elizabeth was born.

1846 (22 years old) Elizabeth died. Through the University of Montpellier math entry qualification examination. Brother francie Lectra became a primary school teacher.

In 1847 (23 years old) Bachelor of Mathematics from Montbelli University. The eldest son of John was born.

In 1848 (24 years old) Bachelor of Science from Montbelli University.

The elder died. Appreciate the writings of Tossner (French writer) about birds. Want to go to college to teach, but no chance.

Youth

In 1849 (25 years old) served as a physics teacher at the Corsican Agger Gio National High School, with an annual salary of 1,800 francs. Facing the richness of Corsica, began to study the animals and plants. In addition, he is also very keen on mathematics. And the botanist Lukia together to climb the Corsica every mountain collection of plants.

In 1856 (32 years old), he studied the experimental physiology of the French bachelor. Continue to study high nose bee, short winged turnip and other insects, but because of hardships, research time is not much. Part-time tutoring, tutor and other staff, began to study by the madder extract dyes.

1857 (33 years old) May 21, in the striped bee's nest found short-winged turnip larvae, and published ”turn of the twigs of insects metamorphosis“ papers, also published a paper on the plant.

1858 (34 years old) that no property can not become a university professor, dedicated to the study of madder dyes.

1859 (35 years old) Darwin In the book ”Species Origin“, the praise of Fabre is a ”rare observer“.

The second man was born. Served as curator of the museum. Inspector Derek's visit, met with the botanist Dura Kel, and later with the British economist Miller, who lives in Yawernon, became known as a plant.

1862 (38 years old) by Anseit published primary school with books. Knowing the president of the Paris publishing house, he was encouraged by his determination to write an easy-to-understand scientific book.

In 1863 (39 years old) three men love the birth of the United States, Germany stay by the Minister of Education.

1865 (41 years old) Dengduduan in distress, the bacteriologist Pasteur visit, by the De La Clap published ”sky“, ”earth“ and other scientific books.

In 1866 (42 years old), the dyestuffs were extracted directly from the madder, and was appointed as a professor of physics at the University of Arizona.

In 1867 (43 years old) the contribution to Yavignon was affirmed by the Canyier Prize for the prize of 9,000 francs.

1868 (44 years old) As a result of the recommendation of the Minister of Education, the Commissioner of the United States, and the Napoleon III. As a lecturer in natural science lectures at night. Will study the success of the madder dyes industrialization. Soon after the establishment of the factory, Germany completed the chemical synthesis of garlic thiamine dyes, madder dyes industrial dream and thus burst. Public lectures were taught by conservative educators, church opposition, then dismissed the normal school teaching.

In 1869 (45 years old), under the instigation of the conservatives, Deutsche resigned from the post of Minister of Education.

middle aged

Olan Old Age

1870 (46 years old) to Miller loan, moved to the Oulan on. Raising a family of seven, a heavy burden. Fortunately, scientific publications have been published, can pay back a little money.

In 1871 (47 years old) lived a book to observe the life of insects. This year, because the occurrence of moral, French war, can not be royalties and royalties on time, life is more difficult.

In 1872 (48 years old) As a result of the introduction of Derek Yee, the chemist Tima presented a microscope.

1873 (49 years old) Miller died. Was forced to resign from the post of director of the museum, to protest. Won the silver medal by the Paris Society for the Protection of Animals, the books on mathematics, plants and physics have come out.

In 1877 (53 years old) male Jur died, the three bees to be found in the ”Seoul“ Latin ”Voliwow“ were named Vulvosto soil habitat bee, Livestock Point.

1878 (54) because of Jude's death, suffered a blow, the body is also worse than before. Infected pneumonia almost died, fortunately with strong willpower to weather the storm.

1879 to complete the ”Insects in mind,“ Volume 1 (the original content includes: the feces of the sacred feces of the turtle, catch the worms of the tumor soil habitat bees, catch short winged turtles Sri Lanka Road, Doug, etc.).

The Age of Alamas

1879 (55 years old) finally more than 20 years of observation data compiled ”Insect“ in the first volume. Because the landlord will Oulan home in front of the two rows of Platanus cut off, anger and move. In the village of Longirini to find the ideal home, named ”Almaas“ (the meaning of the wasteland), Almas's courtyard there are many drought-resistant, prickly plants, is a variety of insects paradise. On April 3, the first edition of ”Insects“ was published by De La Clap's Press. Later, every three years to publish a book.

1880 (56 years old) Faber with a small sum of money saved in the vicinity of the town to buy an old house is located in the wasteland. He took the local Provence language to take a funny number - ”desolate garden.“ At that time science books were very popular and some were designated as textbooks. In the arctic garden of the leaves of the leaves, found a large number of flowers latent turtle larvae, so began to study the observation of their lives, the retired soldiers Fabina served as his assistant.

1881 (57 years old) was designated as a member of the Paris bachelor (local member).

1882 (58 years old) ”Insects“ book 2 published. The old father moved to live with him.

1885 (61 years old) wife Mary died (64 years old). Three women Aleya female on behalf of the mother, to deal with housework. Began to watercolor painted ”mushroom“ map.

In 1887 (63 years old) married to Josephine Dautier (23 years old) in the village of Longirini. Become a member of the French Entomological Society and receive the Dirkers Prize for the Society.

1888 (64 years old) Josephine produced four male Boer.

In 1889 (65 years old) by the French academy of the highest honor of the Bu Ge Er Er Meng Award, won 10,000 francs.

1890 (66 years old) five women born.

1891 (67 years old) four women born off Lei Lei children.

In 1892 (68 years old) was awarded honorary member of the Belgian Entomological Society.

In 1893 (69 years old) father Antonioni died (93 years). Began to study the great moths incredible ability to find male moths can be found from the distant place female moth, is issued by the female moth a ”message divergence“, that is similar to today's so-called ”hormones“, Faber called moths Gathered at home on May 6 for the ”big moth night“, had the larvae of the larvae baked to eat, and fired artillery to test cicada hearing.

In 1894 (70 years old) was awarded honorary member of the French Entomological Society. Began to observe the fecal turtles, half a man dung turtle, bird beak weevil and big scorpion habit.

In 1895 (73 years old) female female Anna was born.

In 1897 (75 years old) at the home of Almas to educate three young children, his wife Josephine also lectures.

In 1898 (76 years old) female Andrei died.

In 1899 (77 years old) As the market appeared a lot of imitation, he wrote the science books are no longer designated as textbooks, royalties are reduced, life again in trouble.

In 1902 (80 years old) in order to raise three children, began to remove the royalties and royalties stored in the press, won the honorary member of the Russian Entomological Society.

1905 (82 years old) French school awarded the Guinness Prize, received pension 3000 francs.

1907 (84 years old) ”Insects“ book 10 issue, but poor sales. Dr. Le Gruel proposed the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the publication of Insects and found that Faber's life was harder than he thought.

In 1908 (85 years old) under the efforts of the Bloopans poet Mistola, Fabre's contribution was affirmed and received a pension of 1500 francs.

In 1909 (86 years old), ”Insects“ book 11 (on fireflies, cabbage on the caterpillar insects, etc.), the body has been very weak, published poetry. Was awarded the title of Albu ”Bloopans“.

1910 (87 years old) on April 3, at the call of Mistola, called the students, friends, readers, held a celebration ceremony, as ”Fabre Day“, ”Insect“ was famous, again Won the Lei Ziyou Nu Nuoer medal (more than the previous one) and pension two thousand francs. Received a number of donations from home and abroad, in addition to the unknown address of the transfer of poor people, the other all the letter of thanks to return. French literary circles to the ”insect sector Virgil“ as the title, recommended for the Nobel Prize winner.

1912 (89 years old) wife Josephine died (48 years old), by Aleya and the monastery nurse Anthony Iban care. Minister of Public Affairs Tieri visits.

In 1913 (90 years old) President Boan Carre visited, on behalf of the French national to pay tribute to France.

In 1914 (91 years old) three men love Emil and his brother Francis Lectra have died.

1915 (92 years old) in May, with family support, sitting in a chair around the courtyard a week, the last visit Alma Si. October 7, uremia increased. October 11 died on earth. 16 days, buried in the Longirini cemetery, there are mantis, snails and so on to see off. At the age of 92 years old. (1823-1915)

In 1921, in the rush of the members of the Rugger MP, the government bought Almaas, preserved in the name of the ”Almaas Fabre“ in the Paris Museum of Natural History, and hired Alia, The

The management of this is Pinnar Tougou.

Faber-born home in the Sa Lei Wang primary school teacher - Lady Kabarda's advocacy, but also to preserve the museum type to date.

法布尔英文简介相关

篇4:法布尔的简介

让·亨利·卡西米尔·法布尔【Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre(1823~1915)享年92岁】,他是一个著名的法国昆虫学家、动物行为学家、作家。被世人称为“昆虫界的荷马”、“昆虫界的维吉尔”。法布尔出生于法国南部普罗旺斯的圣莱昂的一户农家。此后的几年间,法布尔是在离该村不远的马拉瓦尔祖父母家中度过的,当时年幼的他已被乡间的蝴蝶与萤火虫这些可爱的昆虫所吸引。

1857年,他发表了《节腹泥蜂习性观察记》,这篇论文修正了当时昆虫学祖师莱昂·杜福尔的错误观点,由此赢得了法兰西研究院的赞誉,被授予实验生理学奖。这期间,法布尔还将精力投入到对天然染色剂茜草或茜素的研究中去,当时法国士兵军裤上的红色,便来自于茜草的粉末。

篇5:法布尔的简介

1880年《昆虫记》问世。

《昆虫记》又译为《昆虫世界》、《昆虫的史诗》(花城出版社版)、《昆虫物语》、《昆虫学札记》(法语名称是《Souvenirs entomologiques》,英文名称是《The Records About Insects》),被称之为“昆虫世界的维吉尔”与“昆虫的史诗”。副标题为“对昆虫本能及其习俗的研究”。它除了真实地记录昆虫的生活,还透过昆虫生活折射出人类的世界。

论文:《关于兰科植物节结的研究》、《关于再生器官的解剖学研究及多足纲动物发育的研究》和《节腹泥蜂习俗观察记》

《昆虫记》共十卷,每卷由若干章节组成,绝大部分完成于荒石园。1878年第一卷发行,此后大约每三年发行一卷。

篇6:法布尔的简介

法布尔出生在法国南部山区的一个小村庄里。村前小溪流水,村外山野树林,环境十分优美。

法布尔小时候,别说图书了,就连识字画片也没有。他和小伙伴们只能打土仗,捉[俘虏”,做占山为王的游戏。他们几乎成了一群一身泥土的[野“孩子。小小的法布尔有一点与其他孩子不同,他对大自然里发生的事情特别感兴趣,特别好奇。不论是水里的游鱼、空中的飞鸟、花丛中的蝴蝶??他总喜欢给自己提出一连串的问题:[鱼儿睡不睡觉,”、[鸟儿长不长牙齿,“、[蝴蝶为什么这样漂亮,”??这些问题,大人们也常常回答不出来。于是他时常留心观察飞禽和昆虫,自己寻找_。

一个深秋的夜晚,睡在祖母身边的法布尔,突然听见房屋背后,荒草滩里响起一阵[唧??唧唧唧“的虫鸣声,声音清脆好听。是蟋蟀,比蟋蟀的声音小多了。是山雀,山雀不会连续叫个不停,更何况在漆黑的夜晚呢。

[奶奶,奶奶,这是什么在叫呀,”法布尔问。祖母开始打瞌睡了,迷迷糊糊地答道:[睡吧,也许??是狼。“法布尔不愿推醒奶奶,又挡不住虫鸣的诱惑,他悄悄地穿上鞋,开了门,摸黑到草丛中去,想看个究竟。野草划破了他的手,也没有把那只小虫找到。

法布尔7岁那年,家里送他到邻村的一座小学读书。这是一所设备非常简陋的学校,全校只有一间茅草屋,一名教师。这位老师是一位动物爱好者,饲养了猪、鸡、羊、鸽子、黄莺、蜜蜂,还有一只招人喜爱的小刺猬。法布尔在这儿除了功课,还学到了不少小动物方面的知识。

小法布尔对动物特别是昆虫的兴趣越来越浓。一天,父亲赶集回来,给他买了一张[动物挂图”和一本寓言集。寓言集里有许多禽兽、小虫的精美_,法布尔爱不释手,他逐渐痴迷上了对昆虫的研究。

有一回,他在大路边,发现一群蚂蚁在搬运一只死苍蝇。蚂蚁们像在紧张地从事一项巨大工程,有的拼命拉,有的调兵遣将,有的传递信息??多繁忙的劳动场面哪-法布尔被吸引住了,他趴在路边,掏出放大镜,一动不动地观察蚂蚁们的行动。下地劳动的人们从他身边走过,看见他趴在那儿;他们结束劳动回家时,他还趴在那儿。他们无法理解小法布尔的行为,说:[这孩子大概`中了邪`-“法布尔为了捕捉一只小虫,常常喘着气跟着虫子奔跑。有时候,为了不损伤虫子的腿或翅膀,他宁愿自己绊一跤。

一年冬天,他生病躺在床上。当他看到几只冻僵了的昆虫时,便把它们放进自己的怀里。

昆虫慢慢地苏醒了,法布尔特别高兴。法布尔研究昆虫,进入了[忘我”的境界。

1858年,法布尔获得博士学位后,一直从事生物学和昆虫行为学研究,成果卓著。

对未知世界的探索,可以始于兴趣,但不能止于兴趣。法布尔抱着对[科学真理的挚爱"精神,去探索昆虫世界,从而发现了一个崭新的世界。

篇7:法布尔的简介

1、当疑问解开时,觉得没有比这再简单不过的了,然而在寻求解答的时候,简直就像捕捉天上的_。

2、把你的精力集中到一个焦点上试试,就像透镜一样。

3、在科学上最好的助手是自己的头脑,而不是别的东西。

4、学习这件事不在乎有没有人教你,最重要的是在于你自己有没有觉悟和恒心。

5、决不可自暴自弃??开步走吧,只要走,自然会产生力量。

法布尔的《昆虫记》读后感

这个暑假我读了法布尔的昆虫记。

这本书里面讲了很多昆虫,有的很温和,有的很凶残,有的很勤劳,还有的很会享受生活。

我最喜欢的是会享受的蜘蛛——克鲁蜀蜘蛛和能干的西西弗。

克鲁蜀的巢是用12个大贝壳建成的,里面的东西都是它的丝做的。克鲁蜀既不会织网捕食,也不会挖陷阱,它们躲在自己家门口等待小虫子经过。当有虫子经过的时候,它们就会立刻扑上去,把毒针刺入虫子体内,小虫就立刻动不了了。它们会把自己的家打扫的十分干净整洁,所以说它们是会享受生活的昆虫。

西西弗之所以能干是因为它们很会照顾自己的宝宝。它们生宝宝的洞是由西西弗妈妈挖的,这个时候,西西弗爸爸就会守着以前的洞,不让其他昆虫抢走食物。等西西弗妈妈把洞挖好了,就由西西弗爸爸把食物推进新洞。接着,西西弗妈妈在土里生下许多的卵,西西弗爸爸就负责防止其他昆虫打扰产卵。

姐姐很害怕昆虫,一看到昆虫就会大喊大叫。我看完《昆虫记》,告诉姐姐:“昆虫中其实大部分都是有益的,比如蜘蛛、蜻蜓都是吃蚊子的,如果没有了它们,我们身边的蚊子就会更多。”姐姐很赞同我的话,但是她还是害怕,真没办法。

对于害虫,我们要毫不留情的消灭,但对于占大多数的益虫,我们则不能伤害它们而且要好好保护它们,这样我们才能生活的更好。

篇8:法布尔的名言

法布尔的名言

1、当疑问解开时,觉得没有比这再简单不过的了,然而在寻求解答的时候,简直就像捕捉天上的云彩。

2、把你的精力集中到一个焦点上试试,就像透镜一样。

3、在科学上最好的助手是自己的头脑,而不是别的东西。()

4、学习这件事不在乎有没有人教你,最重要的是在于你自己有没有觉悟和恒心。

5、决不可自暴自弃……开步走吧,只要走,自然会产生力量。

篇9:《法布尔》读书心得

最近我读了《“怪人”法布尔》这篇文章,读后我有许多想法从心底涌出。

《“怪人”法布尔》这篇文章讲述了法国著名昆虫学家、作家法布尔所做的三件事:他用放大镜观察蚂蚁如何搬运死掉的苍蝇,观察了三四个小时;他爬上果树看蜣螂,看得忘了时间,直到有人喊“抓小偷”时才如梦初醒;他花一天时间,观察一块大石头旁边的昆虫。看完这三件事,我想为法布尔的“怪人”行为点赞。倘若我在学习上能如此专注、仔细,那么我的成绩会落于人后吗?

我身边也有一些像法布尔一样的“怪人”。我的同桌为了写好老师布置的作文,观察别人钓鱼,竟能一动不动地坚持一个小时;我的表哥读书看报能看上半晌也“醒”不过来……

正因为他们做事时特别投入,所以我的同桌才能写出好文章,我的表哥才能上知天文、下知地理……

态度决定一切!法布尔的“怪”就是一种态度,有了这样专注的态度,我们才能把事情做得更好。以后我要向法布尔学习,像他一样“怪”,像他一样专心致志、投入地去学习,让自己成为一个生活的.有心人。

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法布尔的启示
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