初二下英语重点语法(精选7篇)由网友“桃子小姐”投稿提供,这次小编给大家整理过的初二下英语重点语法,供大家阅读参考,也相信能帮助到您。
篇1:初二下英语重点语法
一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的结构
should/would+动词原形
do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?
过去进行时
do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
宾语从句
结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
1、引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态
(1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
(2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
if 引导的条件状语从句
结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。
He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。
---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?
---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。
---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。
拓展阅读:初二下重点句型
Unit 1 What's the matter?
1. What's the matter with you?
= What'the trouble with you?
= What's wrong with you?
你怎么了?
2. What should she do?
她该怎么办呢?
3.Should I take my temperature?
我应该量一下体温吗?
4.You should lie down and rest.
你应该躺下休息一会儿。
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.
她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午,他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年,她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book.
从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.
在你的帮助下,我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1.Could you please clean your room?
你能整理一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work.
我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer?
我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores.
我不喜欢做杂务。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. I studied until mid night last night so I did n't get enough sleep.
我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don't you forget about it?
你为什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal.
虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. Maybe you could go to his house.
也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him.
我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. ― What were you doing at eight last night?
昨晚8点你在干什么?
― I was taking a shower.
我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. ― What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么?
― While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.
这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest.
你们到达森林之后才能吃。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma?
珠穆朗玛峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada,it is much smaller.
虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史,但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
1.― Have you read little Women yet?
你读过《小妇人》吗?
― Yes,I have. /No,I haven't.
是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。
2. ― Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
― Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic.
是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
1. Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?
2.Let's go somewhere different today.
我们今天去过不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way.
科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore!
不管你喜欢印度食品,西方食品还是日本食品,在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore.
最好游览新加坡
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家乡,然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我,我不想放弃我的足球衣,但是,说实在的,我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是否曾经想过要举办,一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱?
篇2:初二英语下册重点语法
初二英语下册重点语法
一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
重点语法
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的结构
should/would+动词原形
do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?
重点语法
过去进行时
do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
重点语法
宾语从句
结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
1、引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态
(1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
(2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
重点语法
if 引导的条件状语从句
结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重点语法
现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?
重点语法
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
重点语法
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。
He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。
---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?
---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。
---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。
篇3:初一初二英语重点语法总结
名词:所有事物的名称
1,名词的种类:
专有名词:首字母大写(山脉,河流,国家等)China
普通名词:首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ,pen
2,名词的数:
可数名词:可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler,pen,pencil
不可数名词:不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread,meat,water,
可数名词变化规则
1,一般加s,例如:pen---pens
2,以s,sh,ch,x结尾加es,例如:bus—buses,brush—brushes,watch—watches,box—boxes
3,以辅音字母加y结尾,去掉y为I 加es 例如:baby---babies
4,以f,fe 结尾,去掉f,fe 加ves life---lives, leaf---leaves
5,以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如:hero---heroes,tomato---tomatoes,potato---potatoes,mango---mangoes
6,复合名词遇见man,woman两个词时,两个名词都要加复数
A man teacher---two men teachers
不规则的变化
Is,am----are, his,her,its----their,does---do,has---have,his,hers,its---theirs,
Isn’t ---aren’t , I ---we, you---you,me---us,he,she,it---they,him,her,it---them,
Your---your,yours---yours,my---our,mine---ours,that---those,this---these,fish—fish,sheep---sheep,deer---deer,Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese,man---men,woman—women,tooth---teeth,foot---feet,mouse---mice
单数句变成复数句
This is my book--- These are our books
不可数名词的量化
A cup of 一杯。。。,a glass of 。。。一玻璃杯,a tin of 。。。一听。。。,a can of 。。。一罐。。。,
A box of 。。。一盒子。。。,a bag of 。。。 一包。。。,a bar of 。。。一条。。,a piece of 。。。一片。。。
例如:I have a cup of water 我有一杯水 I have two cups of water 我有两杯水
I have a box of apples 我有一箱苹果,I have two boxes of apples 我有两箱苹果
名词所有格:
人:名词+‘s 或者 名词s +’例如:Tom’s bag, Teachers’ desks
物:名词+of +名词 例如:a bag of my school
双重所有格:s’+of a friend of my father’s
Lily and Lucy’s room 丽丽和露西的房间(共有的)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms 丽丽和露西的房间(各自有的)
介词和时间的搭配:
at at 点时间, at 7:00 在七点 on 具体日期 on Monday 在星期一 in 年,季节,世纪 in , in July, in this century 介词和地点的搭配 At 具体的地点: at the airport 在机场,at the doctor’s 在医院 On 在平面上,on the farm 在农场上 In 在。。。里面, in the park 在公园里,in Guiyang,在贵阳 There be 句型:某地有某物,(就近原则) There is a pen and two pencils =There are two pencils and a pen Ask 。。。about 询问关于 I ask you about my school我询问你关于我的学校 Ask 。。。for 向。。。要。。。 I ask you for some books 我向你要一些书 Thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your book 谢谢你的书 Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事,Thanks for giving me a book 谢谢你给我一本书 句型转换 肯定句----否定句 有be,be后加not,有情(can),情后加not,没be 和情时,don’t ,doesn’t 来充数,位置放在动词前,动词还原要牢记,doesn’t 跟着他,她,它。 He is happy ---He is not happy He can run---He can’t run He likes apples ---He doesn’t like apples I like bananas ---I don’t like bananas 肯定句---一般疑问句 有be,be 句首,有情(can),情句首,没be 和情时,Do,Does 放句首,动词还原要牢记,Does 跟着他,她,它 He is happy---Is he happy? He can run ---Can he run ? He likes apples ----Does he like apples ? I like bananas ---Do you like bananas ? Be动词的搭配,am 跟我,are 跟你,单数is ,复数are ,is 跟着他,她,它 I am ,you are ,he is ,she is ,it is ,we are ,they are ,Tom is , Boys are 冠词的用法: 定冠词:the, 不定冠词:a,an 定冠词的用法: 特指:There is a pen on the desk那儿有一支钢笔在书桌上 2,文中第二次提起: I have a pen ,the pen is blue 我有一支钢笔,这支钢笔是蓝色的。 3,世界上独一无二的事物:The sun is red 太阳是红色的 4,在西洋乐器前,I can play the piano我能弹钢琴 5,在姓氏复数前,表示一家人 The Greens 格林一家 6,形容词前,表示一类事物, The young are happy年亲人很开心 7,形容词的最高级: He is the tallest boy 他是最高的男孩 8,序数词前:The second boy is Peter 第二个男孩是皮特 9,部分专有名词:The Great Wall 长城 不定冠词的用法 辅音用a,元音用an,可数单数才用它 A pen, an orange , an apple , an egg , an ice cream ,an umbrella ,a useful book ,a“u”,an “F”,an“L”,an“M”,an“N”,an“x”,an“s” 不用冠词: 1,一日三餐前: I have lunch 我吃中餐 2,球类,棋类, I play chess 我下象棋, Iplayfootball我踢足球 3,星期 I go to school on Monday 我在星期一去上学 4,月份: Children’s Day is in June儿童节在六月 5,年份 He was born in他出生于 6,节日前: On Teachers’ Day 在教师节 7,学科前:I have math class 我上数学课 8,语言:I speak English well 我说英语很好 代词: 人称代词: 主格:I you he she it they we 我 你/你们 他 她 它 他们/她们/它们 我们 宾格:me you him her it them us 位置:主在前,宾在后,介词,动词在中间 I like apples 我喜欢苹果 My teacher likes me 我的老师喜欢我 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词:my your his her its our their 我的 你的/你们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 他们的 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 位置:形物放在名词前,名物放在动两边 My book is here 我的书在这里 Mine is good 我的很好 I like yours 我喜欢你的 Many 和much 的区别 I have many books 我有许多书(可数名词复数) I have much water我有许多水(不可数名词) How much is the book?这本书多少钱?(价钱) Some和any 的区别 I have some books 我有一些书(肯定句) Do you have any books ?你有书吗?(疑问句) Idon’t have any books 我没有书(否定句) Can I have some water ?我能喝些水吗?(请求) 数词 序数词:first,second ,third (有顺序的数词) 基数词:one ,two,three(基本的数字的词语) 基数词---序数词: One---first,two---second ,three---third,four---fourth,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth Twelve---twelfth,twenty---twentieth,twenty—one---twenty-first 基数词+名词复数: I have two books 我有两本书 序数词+名词单数:He is the third boy 他是第三个男孩 形容词:放在名词前,修饰名词例如:beautiful 美丽的。It’s a beautiful map 它是一张漂亮的地图 副词:放在动词后,修饰动词例如:fast 快, He runs fast 他跑得很快。 形容词前面, He is really good 他是真真地很好 形容词和副词级的变化规则 口诀:长加前,短加后,长前加more ,most ,短后er,est, 长加前: The book is as interesting as that one 这本书和那本书一样有趣 The book is much more interesting than that one 这本书比那本书有趣得多 The book is a little more interesting than that one 这本书比那本书有趣一点点 The book is even more interesting than that one 这本书甚至比那本书更加的有趣 短加后。 一般直接加er,est, He is taller 他更高, He is the tallest 他最高 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个辅音字母,并且加er,est 例如:thin---thinner---thinnest He is thinner 他更瘦 He is the thinnest 他最瘦 以不发音的e结尾加r,st 例如:nice—nicer---nicest It’s nicer 它更加美好 It’s the nicest 它是最美好的 以辅音字母加y 结尾,去掉y加ier,iest early---earlier----earliest He gets up earlier 他起床更早 He gets up earliest 他起床最早 不规则的级的变化: bad----worse---worst (坏的) ill---worse---worst(生病的) many---more---most (很多) much---more---most(很多) good---better---best(好的) well----better---best(好的) old----elder/older---eldest/oldest(老的) far---farther/further---farthest/further(远的) little---less---least(少的) 级的变化的标志: 原级: as 。。。。as 和。。。一样。He is as tall as me 他和我一样高。 比较级:than,比,much很多,a little一点,even甚至 He is much taller than me 他比我高很多 He is even taller 他甚至更高 He is a little taller 他只是高一点点 He is taller than me = I am not as/so tall as him 他比我高 最高级:the ,of , He is the tallest of all boys 他是所有男孩中最高的 He is the tallest in my class 他在我的班里是最高的 级的使用方式: 1,比较级+and +比较级,越来越。。。 He is taller and taller 他是越来越高了 the +比较级,the +比较级,越。。。,越。。。。 The more you learn ,the better you will be 你学习越多,你就越好 He is taller than any other student in my is the tallest student in my class 他在我的班里是最高的学生 一般将来时:将来将要发生的动作或者状态 结构:will/shall(第一人称疑问句)+动词原形(无计划,自然发生) 结构2:be(am,is ,are)+going to do (打算做某事,有计划) 标志词:tomorrow明天,in+时间段(。。。之后),in the future 在将来,following +时间段(接下来的。。。), He will go to Beijing tomorrow 明天他将要去北京 =He is going to Beijing tomorrow He will be better in the future 将来他将会更好 He will play football in the following week =He is going to play football in the following week 他将会在接下来的一周里踢足球 宾语从句:从句在复合句里冲淡宾语的句子 例如: I don’t know where you are 我不知道你在哪里(陈述语气) I want to know if you are right 我想要知道你是否是对的 He told me the earth is round 他告诉我地球是圆的 动词不定式:to +动词原形+sth 做主语的时候: It is good to study English well 学习英语好是很好的事情 =To study English well is good 做宾语的时候:动词词组:动词+to do sth I want to do housework 我想要做家务 做补语的时候: I ask you to do homework 我叫你去写作业 I believe it good to learn English well 我相信学好英语是很好的 I think it good to learn English well 我认为学好英语是很好的 I find it good to learn English well 我发现学好英语是很好的 I discover it good to learn English well 我发现学好英语是很好 I feel it good to learn English well 我感觉学好英语是很好的 I make it good to learn English well 我使得学好英语是很好的 邀请和应答: Would you like some milk ?你想要一些牛奶么? Would you like something to eat ?你想要吃一些东西么? 回答:Yes,I’d love to 是的,我很想。 Sure=certainly =of course,当然,I’d love to 我想要。 Sorry ,I can’t 对不起,我不能 Sorry ,I am afraid not 对不起,我恐怕不行 一般现在时:经常或习惯性的动作或者状态 结构:主语+动词原形/动词现三单形式 +宾语 I like apples 我喜欢苹果 He likes apples 他喜欢苹果 标志词:everyday 每天,usually 通常,always 一直,sometimes 有时,often经常 动词现三单变化的规则: 一般+s ,例如:play---plays 以sh,ch,x,s 结尾加es,例如;wash—washes ,fix---fixes,pass---passes,catch---catches 以辅音+y 结尾,去掉y + ies,例如:study ---studies 2,一般过去时:过去经常或者习惯性的动作或状态 结构:动词过去式+宾语 标志词:yesterday(昨天),last+时间(上一个。。),just now (刚才),ago(以前) I played football yesterday 我昨天踢足球 动词过去式的变化规则: 一般+ed, play –played 以辅音字母+y结尾,去掉 y 为ied, study—studied 以重读闭音节结尾,双鞋最后一个辅音字母节加ed(三明治结尾),stop—stopped 以不发音的e结尾 +d ,move—moved 不规则动词过去式表格: 3,现在进行时:此时此刻正在进行的动作或者状态 结构:Be(am,is ,are)+动词ing(现在分词) 标志词:now(现在),at the moment(此刻),at once (立刻),right away(立刻) He is reading ,now 他现在正在阅读 现在分词(动词ing)的变化规则 一般+ing,play—playing 以不发音e 结尾,去掉e +ing, ride---riding 3,以重读闭音节结尾(三明治结尾),双鞋最后一个辅音字母+ing, stop—stopping 以ie结尾,改为y+ing,例如:lie—lying ,die—dying,tie—tying, 一般将来时:将要发生的动作或者状态 结构: will/ shall(第一人称疑问句)+动词原形 Be going to +动词原形 标志词:tomorrow 明天,next +时间(下一个。。。),in +时间段(在。。。之后),following +时间(接下来的。。。) I will go to school tomorrow 我将要明天去上学 Shall I go to school tomorrow 我明天将要去上学? Shall we go shopping tomorrow ?我们明天将要去购物? I am going to play football next week 我下周将要去踢足球 5,过去进行时:过去某时,某段时间正在进行的动作或者状态 结构:Be(were,was)+动词ing(动词现在分词) 标志词:at that moment 在那个时刻, at seven yesterday evening 昨天晚上七点(过去某个时刻), He was reading books at that moment 在那个时刻,他正在读书 现在完成时:过去的动作,对现在造成的影响 结构:have /has +动词过去分词 标志词: already 已经(肯定句),yet,还没有(否定句,疑问句),never从不,ever曾经,for +时间段,完成时 +since +过去时, I have already finished my work我已经完成了我的工作 过去我分词的常规变化和过去式是一样的。 7,过去完成时:过去的过去发生的动作,对过去发生的影响 结构:had +动词过去分词 标志词:by the time 在。。。之前,其他的标志词和现在完成时一样 By the time I got there ,The car had gone 在我到达那里之前,小汽车已经离开了 8,过去将来时:过去将来时:过去对将来的打算 结构:would +动词原形,were+宾语 例如:I would help you, if I were (过去将来时里,没有was形式,因为是一个比拟,猜测)a rich man。如果我是一个有钱人,我会帮助你的 If I had done it ,I would be successful 如果我已经做到了,我将会成功 9,被动语态:Be +done (动词过去分词) 一般现在时:am/is/are +done(动词过去分词) It is played 一般过去时:was/were+done(动词过去分词) It was played 一般将来时: will be done(动词过去分词) It will be played Be going to be done (动词过去分词),It is going to be played 现在进行时:Be(am/is/are)+being done(动词过去分词) It is being played 过去进行时:Be(was/were)+being done(动词过去分词) ,It was being played 现在完成时:have/has been done(动词过去分词) ,It has been played 过去完成时:had been done(动词过去分词) It had been played 过去将来时: would be done(动词过去分词), It would be played 情态动词:情态动词 +be +done(动词过去分词) It can be played 宾语从句:从句在复合句中做宾语,(连接词通常在动词后面), I know that you are right 我知道你是对的 I don’t know if you are right 我不知道你是否是正确的 I want to know where I can find the bookstore 我想要知道我在哪里能找到书店 I want to know when I can go to school 我想要知道什么时候我能去上学 I don’t know which one is yours 我不知道哪一个是你的 I want to know what it is 我想要知道它是什么 I want to know who he is我想要知道他是谁 He didn’t know the earth is round 他不知道地球是圆的(事实真理,时态要用一般现在时) I wanted to know how you got it 我想要知道你是如何得到它的。 ,11,情态动词的用法 Must he do it ?他必须做? Yes, he must 是的,他必须,No,he needn’t 不,他不需要,=No,he doesn’t have to Maybe (句首),may be (句中)也许 Maybe you are right 也许你是对的。 You may be right 你也许是对的 May I hug him ?我能拥抱他么?Yes ,he can 是的,他能,No,he can’t 不,他不能 Could you give me a pen =Can you give me a pen ?你能给我一支钢笔么? Imight(may的过去式)help you 我有可能帮助你 ,12,定语从句:从句在复合句中充当定语 连接词:人用(who),whom(宾语),(连接词替代从句中的内容), 物用which(主语和宾语),that用在人和物,宾语全部要省略 不定代词和最高级在修饰先行词时,必须用that Whose 用在定语时,后面是名词,地点出现介词+名词(介宾结构)要用where 时间出现介词+名词(介宾结构)要用when I see a man who is tall 我看见一个高高的男人 I see a man whom /that(省略) you are talking with 我看见一个和你聊天的男人 I see a table that /which is clean我看见一张干净的桌子。 I see a table which/that(省略) you are cleaning 我看见一张你在清扫的桌子 I know a school which/that(省略) you visited last year 我知道一个你去年拜访过的学校 You visited the school 主谓宾 The only thing that you have to do is reading 你不得不做得唯一一件事情就是阅读 The best man that is tall can speak English 那个高高的男人能说英语 I know a school where you studied 我知道一个你学习过的学校 =I know a school in which you studied You studied in the school 主语谓语(状语,介词加名词,介宾结构) I know a day when we met =I know a day on which we met 我知道我们相遇的一天 We met on the day 主语谓语(状语,介词加名词,介宾结构) 13,动词不定式: It is good to speak English 说英语是很好的 (主语) My work is to help you我的工作就是去帮助你 (表语) I want to help you我想要帮助你 (宾语) I ask you to read books 我叫你去阅读书籍 (补语) I have something to eat我有一些吃的东西 (定语) ,14,动名词 Reading is good for us阅读对我们是很好的 (主语) My work is reading,now我的工作现在就是阅读书籍 (表语) I stop watching TV我停止观看电视 (宾语) It is an exciting movie 它是一部令人兴奋的电影 (定语) 小学五年级英语一般疑问句语法 一般疑问句 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句: 1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤: (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。 (2)确定助动词用do还是does,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does (3)把助动词后提到句首。 (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。 小学五年级现在进行时语法 表示现在正在进行的动作。 构成: 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分 We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? 变否定句在be动词后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 没有进行时的动词(必背) 表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1. 表示感觉,感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has当拥有讲时没有进行时 小学五年级英语一般将来时重点 表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。 结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形 I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow? Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next? Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 变否定句在助动词后面加not I will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I will. / No, I will not. Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. / No, he will not. 特殊疑问句 What will you do?篇4:初一初二英语重点语法总结
篇5:初一初二英语重点语法总结
篇6:五年级英语重点语法
篇7:小学英语重点语法
一、词类
1、动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。
行为动词的四种形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,
具体判断方法如下:
有,就加ing
读句子、读该单词、认识该单词、理解意思、看有无be动词 (若是be going to 就用原形)
没有,再看情态动词
有,就用原形
有,就加ed
没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语 是第三人称单数就加s或es
没有,再看主语
不是第三人称单数就用原形
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
判断步骤:
第一、三人称单数,就用was
有,再看人称
第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were
看有无表示过去的时间状语
第一人称单数,就用am
没有,再看人称→第三人称单数,就有is
第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are
2、名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4、人称代词和物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性(短) 名词性(长) 形容词性(短) 名词性(长)
第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5、数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
二、否定句
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。
分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
三、一般疑问句
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。
分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
四、特殊疑问句
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
五、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
六、时态
1、一般现在时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day .
(2)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
有两种情况:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
2、一般过去时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The girls were on the grass just now .
They visited my parents last weekend .
(2)一般过去时中的be动词:
一般用过去式:was were
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
(4)有用的的依据:
Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时
动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to +动词原形。
这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形,该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ,该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
七、Have、Has和There be结构
1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were
2、和have、has、had的区别:
(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。
(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
★ 初二英语教学计划
★ 初二英语教学反思
★ 初二英语教学反思
★ 英语初二教学计划
【初二下英语重点语法(精选7篇)】相关文章:
初二英语上册教学计划2023-02-18
学习计划的初二英语作文2023-11-18
初二升初三暑假计划表2022-10-24
初中英语作文指导2022-04-30
初二英语教师的工作计划2023-09-22
初二英语语法知识点2022-12-27
初2英语教学计划2022-06-03
初三的孩子英语差怎么办,初三了英语不好怎么办2023-10-08
初二学习方法与重点英语词组2023-06-01
关于寒假初中英语学习计划2023-06-19