考研英语语法重点精解 名词单复数(共6篇)由网友“揣卡小吉”投稿提供,下面是小编整理过的考研英语语法重点精解 名词单复数,欢迎大家阅读借鉴,并有积极分享。
篇1:考研英语语法重点精解 名词单复数
考研英语语法重点精解 名词单复数
第一章词类第一节词类
名词(Noun)
硕士研究生考试有关名词的试题主要涉及名词的可数与不可数、名词的单复数形式、集体名词在数上的主谓一致和单数名词以复数形式出现及名词单复数同形的问题。
一、名词的单复数
(一)不可数名词
a little/some/much/considerable/a great (good) deal of/a lot of (lots of) /plenty of/a large amount of/a large quantity of/a wealth of(大量)/heaps of (大量的) +不可数名词
例句: The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man being Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in 15th century.
(1995年第14题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中that man...navigator是一个独立主格结构,进一步解释说明one man; who lived...是非限制性定语从句,解释说明Prince Henry。
译文: 葡萄牙人给了这位促进海上旅行的人很多荣誉,此人便是15世纪的航海家亨利王子。
例句: If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(选自Part C)
分析: 该句是复合句。主句we may well believe...中带有that引导的宾语从句, if引导的条件状语从句中包含that引导的从句作realizing的宾语,短语made headway in...的.意思是“在某方面取得进展”。
译文: 每个机构的最终价值在于其对人类的独特影响,如果人类在对此的认识上已有所进展,那么我们也许完全可以相信这种经验已在与年轻人打交道的过程中学会了。
(二)复数可数名词
some/a lot of (lots of) /plenty of/a large quantity of/a wealth of/heaps of/a few/the number of/a number of/quantities of/a great many (of) +复数可数名词
例句: Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they?ve apparently learned is when to stop. (选自20Use of English)
分析: 该句是并列句,在第二个句子中they?ve apparently learned是一个省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰things。
译文: 许多别的物种能够学习,而且它们已经明显学会的东西之一就是何时停止学习。
例句: But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. (选自年Part B)
分析: 该句是简单句。其中短语“in favor of ”的意思是“赞成,支持;有利于”。
译文: 但在20世纪初,许多人类学家也反对文化特殊论,转而支持文化传播论。
(三)单复数形式相同的名词
meansseriesspeciessheep
deerfishgrouse(松鸡)plaice(鲽鱼)
swine(野猪)Vietnamese(越南人)Viennese(维也纳人)Japanese
ChinesePortugueseSwisscraft
aircraftspacecrafthovercraft(气垫船)
例句: The data received from the two spacecraft whirling around Mars indicate that there is much evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planet. (第18题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主干是the data...indicate that..., 其中received...Mars作定语修饰the data;that huge...the planet是evidence的同位语从句。
译文: 环绕火星的两艘宇宙飞船接收到的数据表明, 有充分的证据表明该行星的赤道附近正下着大暴雨。
例句: Crisis would be the right term to describe the decline in many animal species. (第33题)
译文: 许多动物物种日渐减少, 用危机一词来描述再恰当不过了。
(四)下列两类名词只有复数形式, 与动词复数连用
表示由两部分组成的物体名词,如:
calipers(卡钳)glasses scales(磅秤)pants
pliers(钳子)scissors trousers shoes
jeans shorts(短裤)
这些名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,前有a pair of修饰时,谓语的单复数由pair的单复数决定。
例句: I?m going to weigh my luggage: are there any scales?
译文: 我想把行李过一下磅,有磅秤吗?
例句: The girl wears sun glasses, which were bought from the glasses? line, and a pair of old ones has been broken.
译文: 姑娘戴着从眼镜行买来的太阳镜,而那副旧眼镜已经折断了。
另外还有: arms goodsclothes
contents headquarters minutes(会议记录)
regards(敬意) wages respects(敬意,问候)
thanks fireworks(烟火)archives(档案)
例句: My wages are the principle source of my income.
译文: 薪金是我收入的主要来源。
(五)有些名词虽以s结尾,却表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式
1. 学科名称:
politics linguistics
physics economics
mathematics ethics
electronics informatics
mechanics(力学) statistics
acoustics(声学)athletics
phonetics(语音学)
例句: Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you?ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered. (第8题)
分析: 该句是复合句,talk to anyone in the drug industry是祈使句,that引导宾语从句,since引导时间状语从句。
译文: 与从事药品工业的人一交谈,你就会发现自从盘尼西林被研制出以后,遗传学是对药品研究最大的冲击。
2.游戏名称,如: checkers(跳棋)、darts(投镖游戏)、billiards(弹子戏)、cards(纸牌)以及专有名词,如 Naples(那不勒斯),the United States,the New York Times等,但表示瀑布、山脉、岛屿的以s结尾的专有名词常表复数。
例句: Today, the snooker billiards becomes an international sports activity that the people of various countries like.
分析: 该句是复合句,that the people of various countries like作定语修饰sports activity。
译文: 今天,斯诺克台球已经成为各国人民普遍喜爱的一项国际性的体育活动。
例句: Naples is an important seaport of the southwest in Italy.
译文: 那不勒斯是意大利西南部的一个重要海港。
(六)集体名词数的问题
1. 有些集体名词后接单数动词,如:
merchandisepoetry machinery furnitureluggage
baggage foliage(树叶)
例句: Modern machinery has been installed in the company.
译文: 公司已经安装了现代化的机械。
例句: This class of merchandise is usually sold on D/P(documents payment) basis.
译文: 这种商品通常在付款交单的基础上出售。
2.有些集体名词后接复数动词,如:
people police poultry clergy(教士)
vermin(害虫)cattle militia(民兵)
例句: These vermin are harmful to the plants, so they must be got rid of.
译文: 这些害虫对庄稼有害,应该尽快把它们消灭掉。
例句: All the poultry in Hong Kong were destroyed to stop the threat.
译文: 为了消除威胁,香港屠杀了所有家禽。
3.有些集体名词,如:
audience boardfamily class couple crew
committeegovernment jury party team public
company
做整体讲时,谓语动词用单数;当看做集体的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
例句: My family are fond of playing bowls, so they never miss the program involved.
译文: 我家人都喜欢顶碗的游戏,所以很少错过相关节目。
例句: My family is a big one, and so it is called extended family by neighbors.
译文: 我们家是一个大家庭,于是邻居们常称我们家为大家庭。
注: 需要强调个体时,集体名词一般应使用单位词,如:
three heads of cattle 三头牛
a piece of luggage 一件行李
(七)有些名词单复数形式不同,词义也发生变化
例如: air(空气)――airs(样子,摆架子)
anxiety(焦虑)――anxieties(令人忧虑的事)
brain(大脑)――brains(智力)
custom(风俗)――customs(海关)
damage(损坏)――damages(赔偿金)
delicacy(微妙)――delicacies(山珍海味)
disorder(混乱)――disorders(小病,病痛)
experience(经验)――experiences(经历)
篇2:考研英语语法重点精解 动名词
考研英语语法重点精解 动名词
动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独做谓语。
一、动名词的时态(Tense)
以动词do为例:
主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 从上述表格可以看出,动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同,而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。动名词和现在分词形式相同,用法却大相径庭,动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。
例句: Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)
分析: 该句是复合句。动名词blaming在句中作宾语,it was his own fault是discovered的`宾语从句。
译文: 坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了,因为他后来发现是自己的过错。
例句: ――Did you find out who had stolen my watch?
――That child didn?t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)
分析: 前一分句是一复合句,who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语,后一分句是一简单句。
译文: ――你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗?
――那个孩子不承认是他干的。
例句: I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 我很感谢两年前给我出国进修的机会。
二、动名词的用法(Usage)
(一)充当主语
例句: Knowing what you?re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.
(选自2009年Text 1)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中主语中what you?re good at作knowing的宾语。
译文: 假如你了解自己在哪方面擅长并且更多地去实践就能创造辉煌。
例句: Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests. (第6题)
分析: 该句是复合句。when引导一时间状语从句。
译文: 做作业是提高你考试成绩的有效之策;对于随堂测试,该方法尤为可靠。
(二)充当表语
例句: We should always keep in mind that our work is serving the people.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中that our work is serving the people在句中作keep的宾语,短语keep sth. in mind意为“牢记……”。
译文: 我们应切实牢记我们的工作是为人民服务。
例句: Reading is learning, but applying is also learning and the more important kind of learning at that.
分析: 该句是并列句。
译文: 读书是学习,但使用也是学习,而且是更重要的学习。
(三)充当宾语
例句: Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. (选自Part B)
分析: 该句是简单句。help kids practice...与help them apply...是两并列谓语。
译文: 在家中的讨论可以帮助孩子练习这些事情,也可以帮助他们把这些技能应用到现实的生活中去。
例句: In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”.(第50题)
分析: 该句是简单句。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。
译文: 在应对如此大规模的挑战时,我们可以毫不夸张地说:“联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡”。
(四)充当定语
例句: In the past, he was the only person in the village that could drive walking tractor, which made most of the villagers jealous.
分析: 该句是复合句。that could drive walking tractor是修饰the only person的定语从句,非限制性定语从句which made most of the villagers jealous修饰的是前面整个句子。
译文: 他过去是村里唯一会开拖拉机的人,这令大多数村民羡慕不已。
例句: The workers are busy building a listening room, which will have been finished by the end of this semester.
分析: 该句是复合句。非限制性定语从句which will have been finished by the end of this semester修饰a listening room。
译文: 工人们正在修建的语音室将在本学期末竣工。
。篇3:考研英语语法难点精解 名词所有格
考研英语语法难点精解 名词所有格
名词的格是表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间意义关系的形式,英语中格的形式有普通格(common case)和属格(genitive case),属格又被称为所有格,当名词在句中表示所有关系时,名词便采用属格形式,属格分为两种:一种是?s属格,另一种是由介词词组构成的of属格。
单数名词加?s,复数名词加“?”(不以s结尾的复数名词仍加“?s”),如:
a boy?s sister
the children?s holiday
the teachers? room
例句: And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today?s data and feel fairly confident.” (选自Text 3)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干部分是Gordon says that...。
译文: 如果你需要预测人类在不久将来的身高情况以设计一种新的衣服,戈登认为基本上“你可以使用今天的(身高)数据,并且感到颇有信心。”
用s属格时应注意以下问题:
(一)复合名词在最后一个词后加“?s”
如:
my sister?in?law?s present (我嫂子的礼物)
the commander?in?chief?s wife (总司令的妻子)
the grandson?s toys (孙子的玩具)
(二)由两个或三个名词并列组成的词组所有格
由两个或三个名词并列组成的词组,如在最后一个词后加?s表示并列名词的共有关系;如各个名词后都加?s则表示并列各名词的.所有关系,如:
Tom and John?s car/Tom?s and John?s cars
前者指Tom和John两人共有的一辆汽车;后者指Tom和John两人各自的汽车,故用复数cars。
(三)s属格和of短语的所有格
s属格和of短语都可表示所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系,但表示类别时只能用?s所有格。
如:
women?s shoes (女鞋)
students? books (学生用书)
a master?s degree (研究生学位)
例句: And even more incredible is the young brain?s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
分析:该句是倒装句,正常句序是the young brain?s...in new ways is even more incredible,主语中to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine...在句中作定语修饰ability。
译文: 更令人难以相信的是,幼儿能从其周围杂乱的声音中识别语言顺序,并能分析和按新的方式组合与重新组合语言成分。
大学网考研频道。篇4:考研英语语法重难点精解
转化法(Conversion)
转化法是指单词词形不变,而词性却由一种词性转化为另一种词性,转化后的词义与转化前相比有时有联系,有时差异很大。主要体现在以下几个方面。
一、转化为动词
(一)名词转化为动词
slip(n.滑倒;小错)――(v.滑倒;悄悄地塞入)
trumpet(n.小号,喇叭)――(v. 大声宣告或鼓吹)
plate(n.盘子)――(v.镀金)
lap(n.重叠部分)――(v.包扎;拍打;使部分重叠)
(二)形容词转化为动词
coordinate(a.同等的)――(v.使协调)
last(a.最后的)――(v.持续,维持)
firm(a.坚固的)――(v.变稳固,变坚实)
near(a.不远的)――(v.靠近,接近)
(三)副词转化为动词
snap(adv.啪的一声)――(v.厉声说)
forward(adv.向前)――(v.邮寄,传递;提高)
counter(adv.相反)――(v.反对,反击)
dirty(adv.很,非常)――(v.弄脏)
二、转化为名词(一)动词转化为名词
associate(v.联系)――(n.同事,伙伴)
zero(v.瞄准,聚焦)――(n.零点)
warp(v.使弯曲)――(n.弯曲;偏见)
zone(v.划归)――(n.区域)
(二)形容词转化为名词
warm(a.温暖的,热情的)――(n.温和的地方)
bound(a.必定的;受约束的)――(n.跳,跳跃)
bottom(a.最后的,底部的)――(n.底面)
ill(a.不适的,有病的)――(n.恶行,邪恶)
三、转化为形容词(一)名词转化为形容词
relative(n.亲戚)――(a.相对的)
forte(n.特长)――(a.强音的)
drunk(n.醉鬼)――(a.烂醉的,飘飘然的)
initial(n.首字母)――(a.最初的)
(二)副词转化为形容词
sharp(adv.准时地,整点)――(a.锋利的,陡峭的)
stark(adv.完全地)――(a.光秃秃的;严格的)
cheap(adv.廉价)――(a.便宜的,花钱少的)
devilish(adv.很,非常)――(a.邪恶的,恶毒的)
(三)介词转化为形容词
inside(prep.在内,向内)――(a.内部的,从内部得到的)
down(prep.朝向下方,沿着)――(a.往下的,向下的)
given(prep.考虑到,鉴于)――(a.给予的,指定的)
in(prep.在……内,从事)――(a.流行的;亮着的)
四、转化为副词(一)名词转化为副词
light(n.光线,光源)――(adv.轻装地;轻地)
down(n.绒毛,汗毛)――(adv.往低处,向下)
slap(n.掌击)――(adv.直接,正好)
well(n.水井,来源)――(adv.满意地,称赞地)
(二)形容词转化为副词
live(a.有生命的,发着光的)――(adv.从现场,实地)
little(a.小的,短的)――(adv.稍许)
due(a.应支付的,到期的)――(adv.【置于方位词前】正)
express(a.迅速的,清楚的)――(adv.用快递方式)
(三)介词转化为副词
up(prep.上面,沿着)――(adv.向上地,接近)
about(prep.在周围,到处)――(adv.四周地,随处)
around(prep.沿……绕成一圈,包围)――(adv.四方,围绕)
over(prep.在……正上方)――(adv.由上往下,横过)
合成法(Compounding)
合成法是指一个新词由两个或两个以上的词合成,这种单词之间可以用连字符连接,也可直接连在一起。下面着重讲述四种词性的合成。
(一)合成名词
dress?shirt(礼服衬衫)draw?bridge(吊桥)
flash?flood(暴涨的洪水)echo?sounder(回声探测器)
lotus?eater(贪图享乐的人) sky?surfing(空中冲浪)
power?point(电源插座) driving?licence(驾驶证)
(二)合成形容词
trust?worthy(值得信赖的)quick?change(瞬变的)
pug?nosed(狮子鼻的)on?stage(在舞台上的)
mouth?watering(令人垂涎的)strike?bound(因罢工而停顿的)
run?of?the?mill(普通的)stand?up(站立的,单口相声的)
(三)合成动词
rum?mage(搜寻)tip?toe(踮着脚走)
proof?read(校对)counter?act(抵抗)
sight?read(即兴演奏乐曲)over?haul(大修,仔细检查)
short?change(少找钱,亏待)cat?nap(打盹)
(四)合成副词
straight?way(立刻,马上)like?wise(同样地)
never?the?less(尽管如此)there?fore(因此)
not?with?standing(尽管,还是)sky?high(极高地)
scot?free(免受惩罚,免受伤害)some?how(以某种方式)
篇5:考研英语语法精解 用途句子分类
考研英语语法精解 用途句子分类
按照用途句子的分类(Classification by Usage)
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句(Declarative Sentence)
叙述一项事实的句子称之为陈述句,可以是肯定句,也可以是否定句。
例句: The capital intended to broaden the export base and secure efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead of uneconomic import substitution. (第26题)
分析: 该句是简单句,其中分词短语intended to...and secure...international trade作后置定语修饰the capital,主干部分为the capital was channeled。channel作动词,意为“输送,引导”。
译文: 本来用于扩大出口基地从而获得国际贸易效益的资金却用到了非经济进口贸易中去。
例句: Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. (第49题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为Creating a “European identity” is no easy task and demands a strategic choice,定语从句that respects the different...修饰European identity,另一定语从句which go to make up...修饰cultures and traditions。
译文: 不同文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一个整体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特色”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性选择。
二、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)
用来提出疑问的句子称为疑问句,包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。
(一)一般疑问句(General Question)
可以用yes或no回答的疑问句称为一般疑问句,句中的助动词或情态动词置于主语前,形成倒装语序。在有些情况下,如想表示猜测、惊讶、怀疑时,可用正常语序。
例句: According to what you have just said, am I to understand the new post carries no responsibility with it at all? (第29题)
分析: 该句是复合句,the new post carries no responsibility...在句中作understand的宾语,同时what you have just said也作介词短语according to的宾语。
译文: 根据你所说,我是不是该理解为做这项新工作根本不需要任何责任感?
例句: Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn?t know for sure? (选自20Text 2)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为Do you remember all those years,when引导的定语从句修饰all those years, but在定语从句中连接两个并列宾语从句。
译文: 你还记得科学家们争论说吸烟会致人死亡,而那些怀疑者却坚信我们对此无法得出定论的那些年月吗?
(二)特殊疑问句(Special Question)
用特殊疑问词如who(m),whose,which,what,why,where,when,how就句中某一部分提出疑问的句子称为特殊疑问句,语序为疑问词加一般疑问句。
例句: How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? (选自Text 2)
分析: 该句是由and连接的并列句。
译文: 有多少智力可以量化?我们从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中又能学到多少智力呢?
例句: If you know what the trouble is, why don?t you help them to rectify the situation? (第30题)
分析: 该句是复合句,what the trouble is作从句中谓语动词know的宾语。
译文: 既然你知道问题所在,那为什么不帮助他们摆脱目前的困境呢?
如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语时,则用陈述语序。如:
例句: When discussing the issue of unemployment, whose argument is based on the fact?
分析: 该句是复合句,前半部分的完整形式应为when we are discussing...。
译文: 如果讨论失业问题,有谁的观点是以事实为依据的呢?
(三)选择疑问句(Alternative Question)
提出两种或两种以上的情况让对方选择的疑问句称为选择疑问句,常用or连接两个一般疑问句的形式构成,后一问句常用省略式。
例句: Which do you prefer,rose or lilac(紫丁香)?
Did her father travel in France or in Italy last summer?
(四)反义疑问句(Tag Question)
置于陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句称为反义疑问句,形式如下:
①肯定陈述句+否定简略问句;②否定陈述句+肯定简略问句
例句: The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated according to the weather,were not they? (19第38题)
分析: 该句是复合句,the price of vegetable no longer fluctuated...作find的宾语。
译文: 当地人十分惊喜地发现蔬菜价格不再随天气变化而波动,是吗?
例句: He does not qualify as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible, does he? (第24题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中后一个as是连词,引导原因状语从句,前一个as是介词,意为“作为……”,与qualify 一起构成短语意为“有资格做……”。
译文: 他因为发音太差而不够资格当英文教师,是吗?
下面着重讲解考试中常出现的或大家在学习中难以理解的几种反义疑问句的构成。
1. 陈述句的谓语为am时,简略问句否定式用aren?t I,肯定式为am I。
例句: I?m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services, aren?t I? (年第27题)
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 我很高兴得知老板已慷慨地同意一笔勾销我的'债务来作为特殊服务的报酬,是吗?
例句: I?m not a person who is willing to run the risk to leave his child alone at home, am I?
分析: 该句是复合句,who引导的定语从句修饰a person。
译文: 我不是那种愿意冒险把孩子单独留在家里的人,是吧?
2. 陈述句部分有表示否定意义的词,如hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nothing,never, seldom,little时,简略问句用肯定形式。
例句: The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory, can he?
分析: 该句是简单句,which后的部分修饰grounds,全句相当于The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which he bases his argument in favor of the new theory, 其中base sth. on grounds意为“使……具有证据”。
译文: 那位教授几乎找不到充分证据来支持其新理论的论点,是吧?
例句: It never rains but it pours,does it? (选自20Text 4)
分析: 该句是简单句,but前后并列两个谓语动词。
译文: 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人,是吧?
3. 陈述句部分的主语为something,anything, nothing,everything等指物的不定代词时,简略问句主语用it。
例句: Everything that you did is just for my staying here, isn?t it?
分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that you did修饰everything。
译文: 你所做的任何事情都只是想让我留在这里,对吗?
又如:Something has gone wrong with my watch, hasn't it?
4. 陈述句部分的主语为anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody等指人的不定代词时,简略问句主语为they。
例句: Everybody loves a fat pay rise,don't they? (选自年Text 1)
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 每个人都喜欢大幅加薪,对吧?
例句: Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction,can they?
分析: 该句是复合句,can?t help but do sth.意为“禁不住,不得不……”,which引导的定语从句修饰the world,即take him into the world。
译文: 没有人不对科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷,是不?
5. 情态动词dare,need作实义动词时,简略问句用助动词do/did/does。
例句: Kids need a range of authentic role models―as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes, do they? (选自年Part B)
分析: 该句是简单句,破折号后的内容表示对前面内容的解释,as opposed to... 的完整形式应是as they are opposed to...,they指代models,其中be opposed to sth.意为“与……对照/对比”。
篇6:考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词
2013考研英语语法重难点精解 动名词
动名词是一种非谓语动词,它的形式与现在分词相同,具有名词和动词的某些特征,它可以带宾语、状语等构成动名词短语,在句中不能单独做谓语。
动名词的.时态(Tense)
以动词do为例:
主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 从上述表格可以看出,动名词和现在分词的时态完全相同,而非谓语动词之间的区别主要是用法上的区别。动名词和现在分词形式相同,用法却大相径庭,动名词一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,而动名词的完成式则表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。
例句: Mr. Jankin regretted blaming his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.(regretted与blaming所表示动作几乎同时发生)
分析: 该句是复合句。动名词blaming在句中作宾语,it was his own fault是discovered的宾语从句。
译文: 坚金先生后悔责怪秘书了,因为他后来发现是自己的过错。
例句: ――Did you find out who had stolen my watch?
――That child didn?t admit having done that.(having done所表示动作在动词admit 前已经发生)
分析: 前一分句是一复合句,who had stolen my watch作find out的宾语,后一分句是一简单句。
译文: ――你查出是谁把我的手表盗走了吗?
――那个孩子不承认是他干的。
例句: I appreciated having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(having been given所表示动作在谓语动词appreciated之前已发生)
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 我很感谢两年前给我出国进修的机会。
考研频道。★ 四级英语学习计划
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