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托福阅读词汇语法知识补充

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托福阅读词汇语法知识补充(（整理8篇））由网友“抱抱豹豹”投稿提供，下面就是小编给大家分享的托福阅读词汇语法知识补充，希望大家喜欢!

托福阅读词汇语法知识补充

篇1：托福阅读词汇语法知识补充

托福阅读词汇语法知识补充这2类词的用法要了解

1、副词

副词一般都是修饰动词，形容词，副词又或是其他结构。(它同样是能够修饰另一个副词或一个形容词，但在此情况托福考试里是比较少见的。

正确的位置：

1) 在动词之前;在be动词、助动词之后。

2) 有许多个助动词时，副词通常都是放到第一个助动词后。

3) 方式副词well， badly， hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well。

2、形容词

形容词修饰名词又或是代词，表明了事物又或人的性质或特征。一般能够把形容词划分成性质形容词和叙述形容词2个类型，它的位置不一定都需要放到名词前面。形容词属于修饰回答如同“what kind of” 或 “which?” 或 “whose?”此类型的问题。当大家使用时需要注意与副词的区分。

1)以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly， deadly， lovely， lonely， likely， lively， ugly， brotherly

2)以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词：daily， weekly， monthly， yearly， early

托福阅读考试练习题目解析:有机物和无机物

托福阅读考试练习题目难度分析

适中

托福阅读考试练习题目大致内容

化学 : 有机物和无机物

以前没有有机无机的概念，只分为三类：动物、植物和矿物。无机物很容易从自然界中提取出高纯度的，有机物则不行。后来出现了蒸馏法，固体物质相对稳定，液体和气体不稳定。但是蒸馏的过程容易混入杂质，所以有机物的研究比无机物慢很多。

托福考试阅读技巧之推理题

推断题就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中，但是没有直接加以说明，需要考生从已知中推出。推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG，在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。

一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。

这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。

三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：

1.日期和数字。

2.关键词：表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

托福考试阅读技巧之修饰目的题

1、修辞目的题的两种考察形式：

在阅读考试中，这类题目有两种不同的考察形式：一种是给出修辞手段问目的，另一种是给出修辞目的问手段。

其常见的题目形式如下：

The author uses X as an example of…

Why does the author mention X?

Why does the author compare … to …?

Why does the author use the word … in discussing…?

The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…

The author uses X as an example of…

2、解题技巧

找出这些修辞方法所用的关键词，例如定义中所用的同位语;描述事物大小、形状的形容词和名词;举例用的词，如，for instance，for example， in other words;用来解释的词语，如because， this is why， due to等。

我们来看一个例子：

One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings，for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.

Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks

To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux

To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

首先分析问题题目，找出其中的关键词：Bushmen in South Africa。之后回到原文看其前后的句子，找到原文的关键词for example，通过分析知道，这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话，即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点：Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外，而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见，Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意，为正确答案。

总之，解决这类问题的步骤可以总结为：分析问题题目找出关键词，返回原文找原文中的关键词，理解上下文得出答案。

篇2：托福阅读背景知识材料补充

托福阅读背景知识材料补充站着办公的风险你知道吗?

托福阅读背景知识文章：站着办公的风险

A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise.

新研究表明：除非经常锻炼，否则站着工作也不会降低猝死风险。

After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports:

此前，已有多项研究表明，久坐会慢慢地致人死亡。但埃克塞特大学和伦敦大学学院的几位研究员却从另一角度进行了研究。华盛顿邮报报道：

Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time and non-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity.

此次研究的调查对象来自白厅二级定群研究，共5132人。研究人员对他们长达的健康数据进行了跟踪。调查对象需汇报他们坐下的总时长，以及在四种不同场合——工作、看电视、业余活动，以及不看电视的业余活动——分别坐下的时长。研究人员还跟踪调查了他们每日步行和运动的时长。

After controlling for a number of factors, including diet and general health, researchers found the overall mortality risk for these participants wasn’t influenced by how long they sat or by the kind of sitting. And the researchers cautioned that too much emphasis on not sitting shouldn’t take the place of promoting physical activity.

研究人员在控制了包括饮食、整体健康在内的许多变量后，发现：调查对象的总死亡率不受久坐时间和坐姿的影响。研究人员告诫称，人们不应过份强调久坐的风险，而忽视强调运动的重要。

What’s particularly interesting about the study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is that researchers didn’t just focus on sitting during the workday, but factored in all kinds of sitting-specific data as well as rates of physical activity. Their conclusion was that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” Basically, more elements are in play than just whether you’re sitting down at work, and your levels of physical activity are the greatest health indicator.

这项研究发表在《国际流行病学杂志》上。其中特别有趣的是，研究员没有只研究人们在工作时的久坐情况，还考虑到了各种相关数据和运动频率。其结论是“久坐与全因死亡率无关”。总而言之，影响健康的元素很多，不仅仅在于是否在工作时久坐。最能体现健康状况的是锻炼情况。

So what does this all mean? It appears that the act of working while standing up—which has become a trendy thing to do, especially in tech offices—doesn’t help your health, if you’re not actually exercising otherwise. If you never make it to the gym, you might as well just sit down. This is good news for the makers of treadmill desks, however.

所以这到底意味着什么?现在流行站着办公，科技公司尤为突出。但是如果不锻炼，站着工作也似乎没什么用;如果永远都不去健身，还不如就坐着呢。这对跑步机办公桌的生产商来说，可是个好消息。

The last office where I worked jumped on the standing desk trend hard, installing desks that could be raised for all workers. They also had a treadmill desk, and a bike desk. While the option to stand is certainly nice as a change in the middle of a monotonous workday, this research suggests it’s not the cure-all that adherents would like to claim.

我之前工作的地方勉强跟上了站立式办公桌的潮流，装上了可随意调节高度的桌子。此外，还有一张跑步机办公桌和一张自行车办公桌。当然，在乏味的工作之余能站着工作也是个不错的选择，但研究表明，站着工作并不是所谓的万灵丹。

“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” study author Melvyn Hillsdon of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing.”

“我们的研究推翻了当下人们对久坐危害的认知，并指出危害健康的原因在于缺乏锻炼，而不是久坐，”来自埃克塞特大学的研究作者梅尔文·希尔斯顿在一份声明中说道。“身体静止不动，能量消耗就低，从而危害健康，不管是坐着还是站着都一样。”

The takeaway here is companies that truly want to assist worker health should invest money in options like free exercise classes and gym reimbursements. They should encourage employees to go outside and actually walk around, not simply stand up at their computers. And maybe it means that everyone who insists that standing up is the only way to work can climb down off their high desk.

这表明，真正关心员工健康的公司应该把钱花在购买免费运动课程和报销健身费用上。公司应鼓励员工走出办公室，四处走走，而不是只在电脑前站着工作。或许这意味着那些坚信“站着是唯一解决办法”的人终于能从高高的桌子上爬下来了。

托福阅读素材：如何帮助一个应届生找到工作

You probably know someone who's graduating from college this year. And what would Amazon or Pinterest suggest you give this brave soul who's walking over coals to the hellish world of job searching? A pen. (A nice pen, but a pen.) Or a mug with an inspirational quote printed on it. Or a business card holder.

You know what would be more helpful than those gifts? A job. Preferably a job with a desk, where this graduate can use her pen, drink from her mug and store her business cards.

Luckily, you – yes, you – can help give that greatest gift of all. Here's how to help a newbie job seeker land a job:

1. Start by looking within your company. Don't see any entry-level jobs listed for your company? That may be because those positions often go unlisted and are filled by internal referrals, says Brian Krueger, founder and CEO of CollegeGrad.com, an entry-level job search site, and author of “The College Grad Job Hunter.” That's where you come in, passing the job seeker's résumé to your human resources department. “If they're a good person for your company, go ahead and refer them internally,” he says. “And you may make a nice little employee referral bonus for making that connection.”

Even if there isn't an open and relevant position available for your contact right now, this referral may help both the recent grad and HR department in the future. Keep in mind that entry-level positions often have high turnover, Krueger says. And consider how larger companies sometimes hire numerous entry-level employees at once, and how usually a few of them will back out of the program just before it begins, he adds. Where do you think the HR team will turn in those situations, when they've got to do some speedy hiring? “If you've got an employee referral sitting there, waiting, that person may be given first consideration and very little competition for that entry-level position if and when it comes up,” Krueger says.

2. Reach out to your network. Share the job seeker's résumé with folks outside your company, too. If there's not much crossover between what you do and what the new grad wants to do, remember: “You may have other connections outside of your job type and industry,” Krueger says. Is there anyone in your book club or yoga class who could help? What about neighbors or family members? Shoot them the résumé, and encourage them to pass it along to whomever may be interested.

In fact, that's where things get interesting. “It's not necessarily who you know, it's who they know,” Krueger says. Maybe there's not much cooking among your connections or even your connections' connections. But the more folks forward the referral, the more eyes (and potential employers) will see it. “Networking is a numbers game,” Krueger says, and it's in those third-level contacts and beyond “where the numbers explode.”

Even as the number of professionals who see the résumé grows exponentially, the fact that the process began as a firsthand referral keeps it personal – unlike if the new grad blindly applied to a job online. Krueger says this method is particularly helpful for finding roles in small companies that have few, unadvertised openings. When companies want to fill those positions, “they're looking at that internal pipeline of people they already know,” he says.

3. Invite the grad to shadow you. “Shadowing is a very classic way of mentoring and helping people,” says Dan Schawbel, career and millennial expert and author of “Promote Yourself: The New Rules for Career Success.” After getting permission from your company, “get this student or recent graduate to come in, and show them firsthand what it’s like to work in an office environment in your profession or industry.”

Schawbel points out that shadowing may help the grad determine what he or she wants – or doesn't want – to do. (Those 9 a.m. conference calls aren't very fun, are they?)

To assure the day goes smoothly for both the shadower and the shadowee, check out these four tipsoutlined by Monster.

4. Help with mock interviews. “We train [students] to read things, know things and take the test,” Krueger says. “You can't read interview questions, know the answer and go to the interview. You actually have to practice.” Here's where you, a list of common interview questions and your phone's video feature come in. And you don't have to be a career expert to be helpful.

“All you're doing is asking them the questions and giving them the opportunity to respond,” he says. “The best part of the mock interview is not necessarily your feedback, but the opportunity to see themselves answering interview questions [and] getting that practice to actually do it.”

5. Be a coach. Again, no expertise necessary. “Sometimes the hardest part of job searching is getting started and making that your full-time job until you get a full-time job,” he says. And you can help keep the grad motivated.

Krueger suggests simply listening to the job seeker's plans and goals for the week – say, reaching out to 30 companies and securing three interviews –and then checking in on how they played out. If applicable, talk about how you can help tweak the strategy. For example, if the job seeker contacted those 30 companies and got no bites, brainstorm more effective ways to communicate with potential employers.

“That's different than Mom and Dad saying, 'Do you have a job yet?,'” Krueger says, because you're holding the grad accountable for her own goals. You're just giving a nudge – which is more useful than a pen.

托福阅读素材之“慢艺术”

Slow art is art created or presented in a way that encourages unhurried viewing and deep contemplation; a work of art that unfolds over a long time.

“慢艺术”是为了鼓励人们从容观看和深思而创造或展示的艺术，是让你花长时间去欣赏的一件艺术品。

Famous art critic Robert Hughes wrote that “We have had a gutful of fast art and fast food. What we need more of is slow art: art that holds time as a vase holds water; art that grows out of modes of perception and whose skill and doggedness make you think and feel; art that isn’t merely sensational, that doesn’t get its message across in 10 seconds, that isn’t falsely iconic, that hooks onto something deep-running in our natures.”

著名艺术评论家罗伯特?休斯曾写道：“我们已经受够了快艺术和快餐。我们更需要的是慢艺术：那些能承载时间的艺术，就像花瓶能承载水一样;那些领会了各种感知方式，灵活又固执地让你去思考和感受的艺术;那些不只带来一时震撼，也不会在10秒内迅速传递信息的艺术，这种艺术不是虚假的偶像文化，而是直抵人性深处的真实。”

A number of museums now offer “slow art” tours or days that encourage visitors to take their time. Rather than check master works off a list as if on a scavenger hunt, you can make a sprawling museum digestible and personal by seeking out only those works that dovetail with your interests.

不少博物馆现在都提供“慢艺术”游览项目或鼓励游客从容观赏的“慢艺术日”。你不必像食腐动物狩猎一般把大师杰作飞速地一览而尽，而是可以找出那些对你口味的作品，然后慢慢地去消化吸收，让你的博物馆之旅变得个性化

篇3：托福阅读高频词汇

It never rains but it pours.

pour的本意是“倾，倒”，在这里是“倾盆大雨”的意思，就好像水从天上哗哗地倒下来一样。

平时很少下雨，一下就是倾盆大雨，要是被你赶上了岂不是很倒霉呢?形容这样悲惨的情况，就可以用It never rains but it pours.

来看两个例句：

We had nothing to do for weeks, then suddenly we have all this work to do: it never rains but it pours!

我们已经无所事事了几个星期，突然间有这么多工作要做，真是祸不单行啊!

I missed my train this morning, lost my wallet and spilt coffee all over myself. It never rains but it pours.

今天早上我错过了火车、丢了钱包、还把咖啡洒了一身。真是祸不单行啊!

有趣的是，世界上还真的有常年遭受倾盆大雨之患的地方，例如喀麦隆的Debundscha：

The village of Debundscha in the Republic of Cameroon is thought to be one of the wettest places on earth. Its location at the foot of Mount Cameroon, facing the South Atlantic Ocean, gives it a long rainy season and a very wet climate with about 10,300 millimetres of rainfall every year.

喀麦隆共和国的Debundscha是世界上最潮湿的地方之一。它坐落于喀麦隆山山脚，面朝南大西洋，也因此拥有了漫长的雨季和极度潮湿的气候，年降水量约为10300毫米。(10300毫米是什么概念呢?中国的淮河流域年降水量约为800毫米，广东、台湾等地的年降水量也不过毫米。)

关于pour一词，还有另外一个谚语：pour cold water on

这个短语的字面意思就是把冷水泼到……上，而它的实际意义也正如中文俗语“泼冷水”，即批评某人的想法或计划不切实际。

例句：I wanted to walk up the mountain but Jane threw cold water on the idea. She insisted on taking the cable car.

我想徒步登山，但简给我泼了冷水。她坚持坐缆车上山。

篇4：托福阅读高频词汇

人类学

ancient 古老的

antique 古老的，古董

artifact 人工制品

civilization 文明

clan 宗族

community 社会

convention 传统

customs 风俗

dweller 居民，土著人

ethics 伦理学

folkway 社会风俗

folklore/folktale 民间传说

immigration 移民

indigenous 当地的

institutionalize 使制度化

matrimony 婚礼

metropolitan 大都市的

migration 迁徙

patriarchic 家长的，族长的

polygamous 一夫多妻的，一妻多夫的

rural 乡下的，田园的

sociology 社会学

tribe 部落

urban 城市的

urbanization 都市化

篇5：托福阅读高频词汇

David leaves for work at 8 o'clock every morning. David每天早晨八点钟离开家上班。

go to work 上班

I'm working. 我在上班

Ann often goes shopping in the supermarket after getting off of work. Ann下班后常常去超市购物。

be off work 下班

I'm off work now. 我下班了

I'm off duty now. 我下班了

Grandma prepares a big dinner for us every time we visit her house. 每次去奶奶家，她都给我们做丰盛的晚饭。

After lunch, I usually take a nap and then watch a soap opera. 吃完午饭，我通常小睡一会儿，然后看一部肥皂剧。

do some kinds of housekeeping 做家务

have a lunch 吃午饭 take a nap 小睡一会

soap opera 肥皂剧 TV series

high tea 台茶 dinner 正餐 breakfast 早餐

lunch 午餐 supper 晚餐

篇6：托福口语背景知识补充

托福口语背景知识补充这些常见词汇背后的故事你知道吗?

托福口语10个常用俗语词汇典故介绍

1. nerd和jock是美国学生常用的两个俗语。nerd的意思和汉语中的“书呆子”类似。这类人聪明勤奋，但却过于保守严肃，在校园里颇让人瞧不起。 jock则恰恰相反。他们魁梧帅气，很受女孩子们的欢迎，尤其擅长American football和basketball等各种体育运动。当然，校园中也不乏漂亮的girl jocks。

2. egghead这个词在1952年的美国总统大选中被首次使用。当时的竞选双方分别是二战盟军总司令艾森豪威尔和书生气十足的伊利诺伊州州长史蒂文森。史蒂文森精心准备的竞选演讲文字华丽晦涩，只有和他一样的知识分子才会感兴趣。因此对手取笑他说：Sure, all the eggheads love Stevenson. But how many eggheads do you think there are。 egghead的意思，就是指书生气很足的知识分子。

3. hick和city slicker这两个词的意思在各种语言中一定都能找到对应的词，它们分别是城里人和乡下人对对方的贬称。hick的意思是“乡巴佬，土包子，”而 slick字面意思是“圆滑的，油滑的”，因而city slicker也就是乡下人眼中的“城里老油子，打扮光鲜，老于世故却不可信的城里滑头”。

4.turkey(火鸡)，shrimp(虾)和crab(螃蟹)这三种动物在美国人眼中会是什么人呢?turkey是美国人在 Thanksgiving Day和Christmas Day家家都要吃的食物。但是，活的火鸡样子难看，行动又笨拙，所以turkey就用来形容那种愚蠢无用的人。而那种雇用了这些turkey，又不能开除他们的政府或商业机构就被称作turkey farm。shrimp常被用于指代那些个子矮小的人或无足轻重的小人物。请看下面的句子：You may call Napoleon a little shrimp. But for a shrimp, he certainly made the rest of Europe tremble。而crab因为长相丑陋凶恶，常被用来指那些性格暴躁、脾气很坏的人。

5. baby boomer, yuppie(雅皮士)， dink(丁克)，sandwich generation这四个词反映了美国经济和社会变化。二战结束后的二十年内，美国人口激增，那个时期出生的人在美国被称作baby boomers，因为boom有激增、暴涨之意。yuppie(雅皮士)(young urban professionals)是指生活在大城市、受过高等教育、生活富裕的成功职业人士。dinks (double income, no kids)是指那些有很好的工作和收入，但是不要孩子的夫妇。sandwich generation则恰恰相反，他们是既要赡养老人，又要抚养下一代，像三明治一样被夹在中间的经济负担较重的一群人。

6. couch potato和mall rat是两个和美国人生活习惯有关的俗语。couch potato指一有时间就坐在沙发上看电视的人，一声不吭，一动不动，就像一个圆滚滚的土豆。而mall rat当然不会是购物中心的真老鼠，而是指没事儿老喜欢到mall(大商场)里去逛的人。

7. backseat driver, wheeler-dealer, free-wheeler, fifth wheel是四个和汽车有关的常用习语。backseat driver坐在汽车后排，却不停地对前面开车的人指手画脚，因此是指那些自己不在岗位上，但是却喜欢给在位的人提供人家不需要的意见的人。 wheeler-dealer精明能干，是那种善于运用权利和财势在政治或商业活动中为所欲为，独断独行的人。free-wheeler喜欢自由，不受约束，是指那些不愿意遵守自己工作单位的规章制度，想怎么做就怎么做的人。而fifth wheel的意思则很好猜出。一辆汽车只有四只轮子，那么，fifth wheel当然是多余的、不受欢迎的人了。

8. green thumb和all thumbs也是两个很有意思的俗语。green thumb指善于养花种草的人，这些人总是能把花园收拾得绿色怡人，养出来的花草光亮健康，羡煞那些费了很多劲儿，种出来的花草蔬菜却总是半死不活的人。所以，green thumb就是那些很会养花种草的人。如果说一个人是all thumbs会是什么样呢?想想看，拇指虽好，可要是十个指头都长成短短粗粗的拇指，干起活来肯定很难受。因此all thumbs便是形容一个人笨手笨脚。

9.penny-pincher和cheapskate都是指花钱很小心、吝啬的人。penny是一美分，pinch意为“捏”，顾名思义，penny-pincher就是那些连一分钱都要在手里捏得紧紧的、舍不得花出去的人。cheapskate则是万事以省钱为本，越省越好，请客最多带你去MacDonald。这种人往往不受欢迎，尤其令他们的女朋友反感。从这个意义上说，cheapskate比penny-pincher更贬损。

10. spring chicken和lame duck是指春天孵出的小鸡和瘸腿的鸭子吗?当然不是，读一读下面这两句话，猜猜它们的意思吧。(1)The woman said,over forty, so I’m not a spring chicken any more。(2)The governor of our state ended up as a lame duck when he lost the election. He still has six weeks left in office but there’s nothing to do except to pack up his papers。实际上，spring chicken意为“年轻人，缺乏经验的人”，lame duck是指“竞选连任失败、即将卸任的官员”，也用来指“不中用的人”。任何美国官员——从市长、州长、参议员到总统——都有可能因无能而被称为 lame duck。

以上就是托福口语词汇中的10个比较常用的俗语词汇的典故背景介绍。托福口语考察的是大家的表达能力，所以各位同学在练习的时候，需要主动积累和运用一些美国俗语及俚语，这样才能让自己的托福口语说得更地道更有美国味。最后小编预祝大家顺利通过考试拿到理想成绩。

托福口语机经预测

1. Talk about the advantage and disadvantage of being active on social

media.

2. Should students be required to evaluate their professors at the end of

the semester?

3. Your professor asks you to help him with his research project, but on

that day you have promised your sister to attend her birthday party. How will

you choose?

4. Which of the following people can give most useful help in your future

career direction?

1) Teachers

2) Families

3) Friends

5. How should parents teach their kids to work with others?

6. If a foreign teacher comes to your country to teach high school student,

what suggestions will you give him for preparation?

7. Which of the following has the greatest impact on students’ life?

1) electronic books

2) smart phones

3) online courses

8. Suppose your friend is going to a job interview. What suggestions do you

have for him?

9. If your university is going to invite someone to give a speech, who do

you think they should invite? A businessman, a scientist or a politician?

10. Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby that can help him

spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details

and examples in your explanation.

11. A lot of experienced and inexperienced climb mountains every year,

which one of the following adjectives would you use to describe this experience?

Adventurous, frightening or foolish?

托福口语机经预测

1. If your friend wins an award from his achievement, how would you

celebrate for him?

2. What do you think are the common mistakes when parents raise their

kid?

3. If a foreign teacher comes to your country to teach high school student,

what suggestions will you give him for preparation?

4. If your university is going to invite someone to give a speech, who do

you think they should invite? A businessman, a scientist or a politician?

5. Which of the following attributes would you consider the most valuable

in your roommates?

1) being friendly

2) being quite

3) has a good hygiene habit

6. Which of the following do you think is the most important quality for an

employee?

1) Performance during the interview

2) Previous work experience

3) Education background

7. The university international office is going to hold a social event.

Which one of the following choices do you think is the best?

1) international food fair

2) international music festival

3) international film festival

8. Which of the following three behaviors would you consider the most

negative for kids?

1) Being selfish

2) Saying impolite things

3) Speaking loudly in public

9. Talk about the advantage and disadvantage of being active on social

media.

10. Your degree requires you to take one course, which one would you

choose?

1) Energy and environment

2) Health and nutrition

3) Solar system

托福口语怎样训练表述能力

托福独立口语

根据熟悉的话题进行论述，如描述一个熟悉的地方或谈论一段个人经历;

用简单明了的语言说明一种观点或偏好，并用逻辑的语言对原因进行阐述;

提出一项建议并用合理的解释规劝别人接受这个建议;

罗列出ETS常出现的热门话题，并针对这些话题做出一分钟的回答。用考试的真实境况，选择一道题，准备1分钟后，用自己的语言表达观点和阐述原由，从而达到提高口头表达能力的目的。

托福综合口语

平时的教科书就是不错的教材，对每个章节在结尾处提出的问题给予口头回答;

选读一篇长短适中的文章，提炼出纲领性的要点，在提炼要点的基础上锻炼用口头表述来进行总结;

针对一些相同话题的阅读和听力材料进行有效练习。并针对这些材料做笔记和做以下准备：学会口头提炼和总结这些阅读和听力材料;在此基础上口头表述重要的信息，并解释其中相互之间的关联;针对阅读和听力材料中的观点进行阐述;对其中提出的某个问题，阐述一种解决问题的方案，并给出相对应的理由。

新托福的口语考试采用人机对话的方式，考生无法和真正的考官交流，所以考生的成绩不会受到一些人为主观印象的影响。但对考生来说，完全要靠语言能力去应付，没有肢体语言的辅助，就需要练就一套真功夫。

篇7：托福基础语法知识讲解

语法知识也是托福备考的基本内容，语法知识贯穿于听说读写各个考试科目中。今天我们重点来讲解的是“被动时态”，下面就跟随新东方在线托福网一起来看看具体的内容吧!

先说说被动语态的结构，其基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词。其与主动语态在形式上的特征是选择使用哪一种语态的必备常识，也是解题的一种手段。

被动语态区别于主动语态的是谓语动词必须是及物动词且之后绝大多数不能够再接宾语，只有极少数可以接双宾语的动词，像consider, give, call, name等就可以，比如像：She was considered a genius in painting.

小编提醒：在托福考试的改错题中，如果在被动句里面，动词(除了上面提到的接双宾语的动词)的被动式后面出现宾语，那么在这里绝对是有错误的，可将其改为主动句，但是同样的，在主动句里面，如果及物动词后面没有宾语，此处肯定也是错误的，可以将其改为被动句。

其实大家可以将by视为被动语态的标志词，在by之后的名词短语是句子中动作的施动者，因此在题目中如果见到by+名词的结构的时候，最优先考虑的就是被动式，比如像：The book was written by Mark Twain.

小编提醒：在by的后面如果接的是动名词，那么其表示为方式、手段就不能将其视为被动式的标志了，并且此时的谓语应该用主动式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.而对于know来讲，一般都是用be known to，而不用be know by。有点迷糊?没事，我们照例来例题解析：

例：The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged --- to produce The desired blend of contributor from The various himself to sections.

(A) the conductor of

(B) from the conductor

(D) by the conductor

解析：在题目中，如果不要空白处的话，句子也是很完整的，我们可以清楚的看到空格后的不定式短语表目的，那么可能填入的是arrange的施动者，自然此处应该用by来引导，A选项中of不能接不定式，C选项不能在被动式后面接宾语，所以选D。

大家都知道被动语态由助动词be加上过去分词构成，因此它也会有不同的时态，其时态主要通过助动词be来表现，在其中，对过去进行时的表示方法大家要留意啊。比如像：The potatoes are being peeled in The machine.当然还有其他的时态，像：

The table has just been cleaned.(现在完成时)

His passport had been changed without His notice.(过去完成时)

The press conference will be held in three weeks.(一般将来时)

这个我们方便大家理解，就直接上例题解析：

例：Experiment in the photography of moving objects --in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

(A) have had been conducting

(B) were conducting

(D) being conducted

解析：在这个句子中缺少谓语，conduct是及物动词，因此后面如果没有宾语的话，基于此，A和B首先接被排除了，D的分词是不能单独作谓语的，所以选C。

托福语法实例讲解：不定代词

一、比较both 和All

Both，either，neither都是在谈到两个人或者东西的时候用到

Both of them are right. (他们两个人都对)

You can take either book.(两本书你可以任意挑一本)

Neither of them is going to get haircut. (他们俩谁也不愿意理发)

All of the books are worth to read. (三本书以上)

None of them is going to get haircut. (them指三个人以上)

I like any of them. (them指三个人以上)

二、None 和no

None和no都用于否定的意思。但是None是“没有一个人或者没有一个东西”，在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、同位语等。而No是“没有”的意思，只能够当作形容词用，不能够作代词用。

None of them knew how to do it. (不能够说no of them)

No women are allowed to come in.

三、another，the other，others，the others

1.在涉及到两个人或者东西的时候，任意取一个用one，另外那个用the other(表示特指)

I have two computers; one is IBM，the other is Dell.

2.涉及到三个以上时，任意取一个用one，泛指另外一个用another

Three people went to the meeting. One was a software programmer，another was a network expert， and the third was a college student.

3.涉及到三个以上时，任意取一个用one，表示特指其他的那些用the others或者用

the other+名词

Two of them go to Canada，the others go to America.

(他们中两个人去了加拿大，其他人去了美国)

Two of the students go to Canada，the other students go to America

篇8：托福阅读高频易错话题背景知识补充

托福阅读高频易错话题背景知识补充中世纪农业改革那些事儿

近期托福阅读农业话题出现情况介绍

农业向来是ETS特别喜欢考的一个话题，从农业起源，到具体某个国家或者文明农业发展的状况，从玛雅印加农业到巴厘岛埃及农业，农业的话题充斥着工业革命之前历史时期的各个阶段。纵观最近几场考试：

The Plow and the Horse in Medieval Europe 2019.9.7;

The Medieval Agricultural Revolution 2019.8.25;

New Sources of Power for Agriculture 2019.7.6;

中世纪的农业改革这个话题热度久高不下，接下来小编就跟大家详细聊聊中世纪农业改革那些事。

中世纪工业改革话题背景知识科普分享

中世纪的农业改革重点体现在3个方面：三田制(three-field system)，重型犁(heavy plow)和马在畜力上的使用(plow horse)。

1. three-field system(三田制)

在中世纪之前的罗马时代是二田制，所有的田地一份为二，一半种植(cultivation)，一半休耕(fallow)，但随着时代的发展，人口越来越多，导致食物供不应求，所以这个时期的人们开始使用三田制，将土地一分为三，其中的三分之二用于种植，另外三分之一进行休耕，一方面能够确保粮食的供应，另一方面也保证土地有时机恢复肥沃度。

具体内容如下：

For much of the early Middle Ages, peasants continued the Roman practice of dividing their fields in two leaving one fallow, or uncultivated, for a year, and planting their crops in the other half. Fallow land restored its nutrients, but the practice meant that half the land produced nothing every year. In southern Europe with its drier climate this system of two-field crop rotation continued, but in northern Europe, peasants improved on this system by dividing their land into three parts. One they left fallow, another they planted in the spring, and the third they planted with winter crops. This three-field crop rotation, dependent on more rainfall than southern Europe received, meant that two-thirds instead of one-half of a peasant's land was under production in one year.

2. heavy plow(重型犁)

这个时期的人们把罗马时代的犁(scratch plow)进行了改造，使它更锋利，能够穿透北欧沉重潮湿的泥土，给土地充气，并且将底层的矿物质翻倒地表，有助于庄稼生长，另一方面，重型犁留下犁纹(furrow)，有利于疏通泥土排水，减少洪涝。但新犁很重，需要八匹马/八头牛去拉，个体农民无法负担如此多牲畜，促使农民合作结成马队或者牛队，且为了减少犁地时拐弯，将农田变成长条形(long strips)。

具体内容如下：

A major development in farming was the heavy plow that could cut through the deep, wet, and heavy soils of Northern Europe much better than the light scratch plow. It had three basic parts: the coulter or heavy knife that cut through the soil vertically, the plowshare that cut through the soil horizontally, and the mouldboard, which turned the soil to one side.

There were two advantages to this kind of plow. First, it cut the soil so violently that there was no need for cross plowing as there was with the scratch plow. This saved time, which could be used for, among other things, clearing more land and producing more food. Second, the heavy plow created furrows, little ridges and valleys in each plowed row. In times of drought, water would drain into the valleys and ensure some crops would survive. In times of heavy rains, the crops on top of the ridges would not get flooded out. As a result, peasants could usually look forward to at least some crops to harvest even in bad years. The furrows the heavy plow created also meant that the rich alluvial bottomlands by rivers could be farmed without their frequent floods doing too much damage. The heavy plow also fed into the feedback cycle of more food, population growth, etc.

3. plow horse(马的使用)

马的使用也是这个时期的重点突破，之前不用马是因为套在牛脖子上的collar不适合马，后来人们对这个collar进行改造，研制出了新型马具，使得马可以在耕地上发挥作用。马的工作时间更长，效率更高，促进了农业产出(yield)，且马可以用来运输粮食去更远的地方，推动区域经济的发展。

相应文章如下：

Oxen are slow and unintelligent compared to horses, but peasants could not use horses to pull plows until they devised a different kind of harnessing than the strap that circled an ox's neck. With a harness resting on its shoulders instead of its neck, a horse could be used to plow, and horses could walk more quickly and work longer hours than oxen. They also required less guidance, since they understood verbal signals to turn or to stop. Heavier, wheeled plows pulled by suitably harnessed horses meant that peasants could work more land in a day than ever before. Whether an increase in population across western Europe, but particularly in the north, stimulated innovations or whether such innovations contributed to a rise in population, the cumulative effect of these changes in agriculture was apparent in the tenth century. Conditions in Europe were ripe for an economic and cultural upswing.

这三大改革，大大促进了农业的发展，也使得中世纪进入了它发展的繁盛期，历史上称之为The High Middle Ages。

中世纪农业改革的相关背景知识就介绍到这里，小编希望各位考生能够认真阅读有所收获，并运用到后期的备考甚至是实战的阶段当中。

托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题

Question 31-40

If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation —— conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

3l. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The elements of salt

(B) The bodies of water of the world

(D) The salinity of ocean water

32. The word “this” in line 5 refers to

(A) ocean

(B) evaporation

(D) crystals

33. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in

(A) coastal areas

(B) tropical areas

(D) turbulent areas

34. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT

(A) evaporation

(B) precipitation

(D) melting

35. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best be

inferred from the passage?

(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.

(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.

(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.

36. The word “altered” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) determined

(B) changed

(D) needed

37. The world “it” in line 18 refers to

(A) sea ice

(B) salinity

(D) manner

38. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?

(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations

(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters

(D) To point out the location of deep waters

39. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?

(A) The salt remains in the water.

(B) The surrounding water sinks.

(D) The water becomes denser.

40. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?

(A) It is relatively warm.

(B) Its salinity is relatively high.

(D) It evaporates quickly.

托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题

Questions 21-30

Glacier National park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.

With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a land-use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocal agreement that calls for resource-managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with the objective of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.

The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.

Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area.

Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a dramatically improved understanding of all concerns.

21. The passage mainly discusses

(A) the endangered species in Glacier National Park

(B) the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park

(D) conservation laws imposed by Congress

22. Why are the private lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important?

(A) They function as a hunting preserve.

(B) They are restricted to government use.

(D) They contain natural habitats of threatened species.

23. The word “ones” in line 6 refers to

(A) private lands