高考单项填空题设计类型探究（共9篇）由网友“jswzx”投稿提供，以下是小编为大家准备的高考单项填空题设计类型探究，希望对大家有帮助。
篇1：高考单项填空题设计类型探究
高考单项填空题设计类型探究
分析近几年高考单项填空题可以看到，单项填空题设计类型主要体现在以下几个方面：一、结构型试题， 二、语法型试题，三、语境型试题，四、习语型试题，五、搭配型试题，六、逻辑型试题，七、交际型试题， 八、综合型试题。下面结合近几年的高考试题对高考单项填空题的设计类型进行分析和研究，旨在使广大考生 掌握高考单项填空题设计的特点，从而提高解题的正确率。
一、结构型试题
句型结构的正确理解和把握对语言的运用是十分必要的，如果不能正确分析和理解句子结构就会对句子产 生歧义，因此，高考单项填空题中对句型结构考查的目的就是要求考生能够正确区分某些易混淆的句型结构， 从而为正确理解句义提供前提条件。对近几年高考试题的分析可以看到，结构型试题的考查重点在于对强调句 型、it句型（形式主语、形式宾语），倒装句型以及对其它句型结构，如区分是并列谓语，还是分词作非限制 性定语或状语以及某些不同结构在含义上区别等句型结构的考查。
［例一］Charles Babbage is generally considered______thefirst computer.(NMET93-15)
A.to invent B.inventing
C.to have invented D.having invented
［答案］C
［分析］许多考生误选B， 误选的原因主要是由于受到“considerdoing sth”这一句型结构的干扰， 由 于学生平时将这一用法结构形成思维定势，因此在答题时不加思考地选择了答案B，但是consider 这里的含义 不是“思考、考虑”，而是“认为”。consider作“认为”解时，其结构为“consider sb to do sth”，该句 所用的是被动结构， 且不定式的动作是发生在主句的谓语动作之前，故选不定式的完成式。
［例二］It was about 600 years ago ______ the first clockwith a face and an hour hand was m ade.(NMET97-25)
A.that B.until C.before D.when
［答案］A
［分析］该题旨在考查考生对该句型结构的认识，考生误选的原因主要是对该题的句型是属于强调句型还 是定语从句没有分辨的能力，从而导致误选。该题是一个强调时间状语的句型。若将该句还原到陈述句，考生 就一目了然了，原陈述句是：The first clock with a faceand an hour hand was made about 600 year s age.
［例三］―What do you think made Marry so upset?
―________her new bicycle.(Shanghai97-13)
A.As she lost B.Lost
C.Losing D.Because of losing
［答案］C
［分析］从统计的数据可以看到，该题的错误率相当高，导致考生误选的`原因就是缺乏正确分析和判别句 型的能力，从“什么使Mary伤感”中的“什么”可得知下句所缺的成分，即“丢失”是作主语。因此，该题正 确答案为C―动名词作主语，而A项的原因分句， D项的介词短语，B项的“lost”均不能作主语。
二、语法型试题
分析近几年的高考单项填空题可以看到，高考单项填空题的题数减少，但该大题仍然基本上考查了《两纲 》中的主要语法项目，同时我们还可以看到，单项填空题的考查角度在变化，不是单纯地考查某一语法知识， 而是把语法知识放在某一语言环境中去考查，体现了“活”的语言。因此，考生不仅要全面地掌握“两纲”中 的语法知识，同时要具有使语法知识活用的能力，只有这样，才能做好高考题中的语法型试题。
［例一］He gained his______by printing_______of famouswriters(NMET95-40)
A. wealth;work B.wealths;works
C.wealths;work D.wealth;works
［答案］D
［分析］该题考查名词数的问题。wealth是不可数名词，而work作为“工作”解时是不可数名词，但此题 中的work是作“作品”讲，是可数名词，因此综合两空的情况，只能选D， 所以在解题时要把握语境的概念。
［例二］Many people agreed that______knowledge of Englishis a must in_______international t rade today.(NMET96-13)
A.a;不填 B.the;an
C.the;the D.不填;the
［答案］A
［分析］该题旨在考查考生运用冠词的实际能力，该题要求考生必须从固定用法和理解句意这两个方面考 虑。“a knowledge of”是一个固定短语，其意义是“对……了解”，许多考生误选的原因，就是没有掌握这 一用法，而是把它当作不可数名词，而复数名词和不可数名词前面是否用定冠词要取决于是否特指，这里是泛 指，因此综合两空的情况，答案就一目了然了。
［例三］―Who is Jerry Copper?
―_________?I
saw you shaking hands with him at themeeting.(NMET97-19)
篇2：高考单项填空题解题技巧点击
作者：胡继云
单项填空题是高考试题中一直采用的一种题型,但近年的命题原则已经转向“突出语境,强化语意,强调运用”,在特定的语境中考查考生对语法、词汇的识记与理解以及语用能力。同学们在此类题目上费时较多,但得分率往往不高。因此,笔者建议同学们在做高考单项填空题时,采用以下方法,可以取得事半功倍的效果。
一、领悟语境 推敲语意
从近年高考单项填空题来看,题干信息足,语言真实、地道。答题时,我们必须要读完全部信息,整体理解,领悟语境,掌握语意,敲定答案。如:
1. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I ________. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite
分析:从语境看,George and Lucy是在上星期结婚了,我没去是因为我没有被邀请,“没有被邀请”应该发生在他们结婚以前,所以要用过去完成时态,答案为C。
2. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.
-Oh, I ________for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
分析:从两个人的对话中,我们知道当“我”去“你”家拜访时,“你”不在家,而在机场等一位朋友,“在等朋友”当然要用过去进行时态,答案为A。
二、排除错项 锁定答案
在解题时,同学们要根据试题要求,结合所学知识,排除四个选项中的错误选项,缩小选择范围,锁定正确答案。如:
3. You should try to get a good night's sleep ________ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter what C. although D. whatever
分析:空格后是形容词,排除B 、D项,although是连词,放在这里明显不对,答案选A,因为只有however后可以跟形容词或副词。
4. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________.
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
分析:空格前有否定词nor,其后不能再用否定词,排除C、D项,此处的“任何其他人”应不包括“我”在内,A项也排除,答案只能选B。
三、找信息词 寻突破口
寻找信息词是解答单项填空题的重要方法之一。同学们在解题时,一定要弄清楚命题人要考查的知识点,缩小思考范围,以最快速度找到解题的突破口。如:
5. -There is coffee and tea; you can have ________.
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
分析:从题干中的coffee and tea,我们可以知道是从这两者中选一个,所以答案为A。
6. -Has Sam finished his homework today?
-I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
分析:题干第二句话中的this morning是信息词,从题干语境来看,我不知道他今天的家庭作业是否做完了,但他今天上午在做,所以空格处的时态应该用过去进行时,答案为C。
四、句型结构 牢记心中
句型结构的正确掌握对语言的运用十分必要,因为,高考单项填空题少不了这类试题。碰到这类试题时,同学们要快速从题干中找到句型结构,以便做出正确选择。如:
7. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.
A. as B. to C. than D. while
分析:读完题干就应该能抓住此题题干句型:would rather...than...,抓住了句型,答案自然明了,空格处应填C。
8. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
分析:题干主要句型是:have a (hard) time doing something “费事(劲)做某事”,答案选D。
五、分析成分 解题常用
明确句子成分,特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分,对于我们做出正确选择非常有用。如:
9. I think Father would like to know ________ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
分析:分析句子成分可知,to know后是一个宾语从句,答案非C莫属。
10. The Foreign Minister said, “ ________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
分析:said后面是一个宾语从句,宾语从句中的主语是that the two sides will work towards peace,空格处应该是形式主语,所以答案选D。
六、逻辑推理 别忘用上
高考单项填空题在考查语言知识的同时,还注重对学生整体逻辑关系,特别是上下文关系把握的考查。因此,同学们在解题时,一定要理解和掌握语言的内在含义和内在的逻辑关系,只有做到这一点才能解答好此类题。如:
11. -I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.
- ________!
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
分析:这是一道情景交际题,其中一人说“我明天要考驾照。”如果选A , C或D ,明显答非所问,空格处应是“祝你好运”,前后语意逻辑才一致,所以答案选B。
12. You ________ be tired-you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won' t C. can' t D. may not
分析:从题干第二句话中的working for an hour可以看出,“你不可能疲惫了”,这样才符合前后逻辑,答案选C。
篇3：高考单项填空题的应试策略
近几年NMET中的单项选择题,不再是传统的纯语法考试,而是在考查语法点的同时,更加侧重考查语言的运用能力和应变能力.试题的设计已趋向交际化、实用化,选项与题干语境的设置越来越密切相关,每个题都被设计成微型语境.因此,解题时,除了运用已有的知识外,更需结合特定的语境才能正确地选择得体的语言形式.
1.结构分析法
首先弄清句子结构,然后再对照所给的选项,选出正确答案.例如:
(上海, 37)Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
[解析]答案为A.invite与you是逻辑上的动宾关系,在此处表被动概念,故选择过去分词形式,相当于:Unless you are invited to speak,...
2.结构补全法
答题时,如发现句子是省略句,要尽可能地把省略部分补全,有助于正确地做出选择.例如:
(NMET,35)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
[解析]答案为B.one作moment的同位语,后接定语从句.在one之后补上关系代词that,答案就一目了然了.
3.结构简化法
在一个较复杂的题干中,先去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分,然后可迅速找到正确答案.例如:
(北京春, 23) ______ some of this juice-perhaps you'll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
[解析]把破折号后面的附加信息去掉,便可看出本题是祈使句,故答案为B.
4.把握语境法
要求考生找到语境的切入点,认真思考,仔细分析试题,确定正确答案.例如:
(NMET2000,15)-Are you coming to Jeff's party?
-I am not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
[解析]仔细分析语境可发现, I am not sure.为解题的切入点.“不太有把握”,表示一种可能性,故答案D正确.
5.找提示词法
对于有些题来说,若能找到关键的提示词,如but, and, otherwise等,问题便可迎刃而解了.例如:
(NMET2002,34)The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
[解析]答案为C.通读题干可知,它是由and连接的两个并列单句.后一句的never当属关键词,按语法分析,否定副词位于句首时,该句须倒装.
6.句式转换法
题干如果是一个复合句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、强调句或感叹句等句式时,把它变成一个便于理解的简单句、主动句或陈述句,就可迅速解决问题.
(1)复合句转换成简单句
(上海春,37) ______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
[解析]答案为B.if you can是条件状语从句.如果把这个句子转换成一简单句,就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and+简单句”的句型,即:Give blood and you can save many lives.
(2)被动句转换成主动句
(NMET2001,32)Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested
[解析]答案为D.以The workers为主语,把上句改成主动句,即:The workers request the visitors not to touch the exhibits.这样就会很容易地确定答案.
(3)疑问句转换成陈述句
(1994上海,27)Was it in 1969 ______ the American astronauts succeeded ______ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
[解析]将这个句子转换成陈述句,即:It was in 1969 ______ the American astronauts succeeded ______ landing on the moon.便会发现这是一个强调句型,故答案D正确.
(4)感叹句转换成陈述句
(2002上海春,23) ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
[解析]将感叹句转换成陈述句:She played an interesting role in the film.便不难看出正确答案为D.
7.逆向思维法
逆向思维是一种创造性的思维,它冲破了固有的“思维定式”.运用逆向思维,在目前灵活多变的高考试题中,可收到意想不到的效果.例如:
(NMET2001北京春, 25) ______ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work
B. Although hard work
C. Only with hard work
D. Now that he works hard
[解析]我们知道,当一些副词(短语)放在句首作状语时,后面的句子要实行倒装.反过来,由题干中的倒装,可确定C为正确答案.
当然,任何一种解题方法都不是孤立的、万能的,更多的时候需要双管齐下乃至多管齐下,才能达到预期的目的.
文/马照光《英语通》
篇4：高考英语单项填空题解题策略
作者：缪益香
单项填空题在高考英语试题中一直出现,从未间断,其考查的内容也是丰富多彩的。要答好这类试题,除了要求考生要有扎实的基本功外,也需要一定的解题技巧。笔者对历年高考试题中的该类型试题作了仔细研究和认真分析,认为解答这类试题应该运用以下一些策略。
一、突破思维定势
在高三进行大量试题训练后,考生对一些类型的题目会产生思维定势。在高考中,当碰到似曾相识但实际已经发生变化的试题时,应实事求是地从试题的实际出发,排除思维定势,打破常规思维,认真分析,从而得出正确的答案。例如:
She can't help ________ the house because she's busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
can't help后接V-ing形式是平时训练经常碰到的,但在can't help+V-ing这一结构中,can't help表示的是“情不自禁”的意思。当can't help表示“不能帮助”时后面则要接不定式而不能接V-ing形式,故选项A正确。
二、揣摩特定语境
近年来,单项填空题加强在特定的语境中对语法和词汇的考查,因此,考生答题时必须读全试题信息,揣摩题意并利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如:
-Good morning. Grand Hotel.
-Hello. I'd like to book a room for the nights, of the 18th and 19th.
- ________.
A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute please.
C. What's the matter? D. At your service.
该题属于情景对话题。A的意思是“你需要帮忙吗?”或“我能为您做点什么?”属服务员的客气话;C的意思是询问出了什么事;D的意思是“听您的吩咐”;B的意思则为“请稍等”。根据对话情境,答案B正确。
三、定位选择成分
有时正确地分析句子成分,特别是选项在句子中所担任的成分,对于判断答案正确与否是很有帮助的。例如:
Is this factory ________ you visited last Friday?
A. which B. where C. the one D. there
句子的主语为this factory, this是定语,要填空的是表语,所以C项是正确答案(the one后面省略了关系代词that)。
四、捕获内隐信息
一些重要的信息经常隐含在语境之中,这要求考生要有敏锐的观察能力和细致的分析问题的能力。因此,答题时必须注重捕获内隐信息。例如:
-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-I'm afraid ________day is possible.
A. either B. neither
C. some D. any
此题中的“I'm afraid”就是隐含信息,它说明了答话人所持的是否定态度,也就是说星期一、星期二这两天都不行,所以B是正确答案。
五、明察相似句型
在单项填空题中,经常用相似的句型来迷惑考生,如果基础不扎实,不能明察秋毫,在做题时很容易出错误。例如:
________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
该题考查由As引导的定语从句,它可以放在主句前或后。As表示主句的内容,而不是代表某个先行词,故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的”。所以,此题答案是B。但由于It作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与As引导定语从句很相似,会有人上当选A的。但如果选A,句中没有逗号,而且,连接主语从句的that也不能省略。
六、注意转换句式
碰到一些特殊句式时,要沉着冷静,仔细分析,把难懂的句式尽可能转换成常见的、易看懂的句式,以便选出正确的答案。例如:
Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
此题是prefer to do...rather than do...句型,用倒装句增加了试题的干扰因素,若转换为陈述句,这样就容易得出C是正确答案。
篇5：高考单项填空题结构变化例析
作者：刘新会
综观近年来高考单项填空题,不难发现命题者为了考查考生分析和解决问题的综合能力,有意对试题题干进行“加工”处理,增设干扰信息,加大解题难度。笔者现结合高考试题,总结归纳单选试题结构变化的六个特点,供高三学生复习时参考。
一、相邻成分分离化
原本连在一起的句子成分经过命题者的巧妙设置出现了分离现象。
[考例]
1. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
析:本题题干相当长。当我们去掉作状语用的for these fans, this year, for the first time,及in years,去掉定语exciting则句子简化成:It was a moment, ________ their team won the World Cup.显然,这是一个表时间的非限制性定语从句,先行词a moment与定语从句their team won the World Cup之间出现了分离现象,正确答案为D。
二、多元结构重叠化
命题者为了综合考查考生语言灵活运用能力,往往在试题中增设多元结构。
[考例]
2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
析:通过语境可知,此句为并列句,其中又含有否定词never位于句首的倒装结构的应用。答案为C。
3. Only when your identity has been checked, ________ .
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
析:本题不仅带有when引导的时间状语从句,又有only修饰状语,属句子结构倒装的现象。正确答案为D。
三、固定结构隐蔽化
近年来高考对固定结构的考查趋于隐蔽,使得原本熟悉的结构变得陌生,考生很容易错选答案。
[考例]
4. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
析:本题考查固定搭配devote...to...(其中to为介词,后接名词/代词或动名词)不少考生抓住he had to并迅速选择A。其实,此时had to与set up并不构成固定搭配,因为he had为定语从句,修饰先行词all, set up 应与devote all...to...构成固定搭配,故答案为B。
四、简单结构句式化
原本一些简单的句子,由于增加句式或增添一些词语,致使解题信息隐蔽含蓄。
[考例]
5. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that
C. what D. it
析:本题原来是一简单句:主语the ability,谓语是matters,句子为:The ability matters.意为:能力最要紧。题干之所以显得繁杂是因为使用了强调句型,又有意增设不定式作ability的定语以及not where...or what...作句子的状语,这样不仅增加了考生理解题干的难度,给解题也造成了一定的障碍。答案为B。
6. ________ role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
析:简单的陈述句为:She played an interesting role in the film.通过句型转换成为感叹句。正确答案为D。
五、省略成分复杂化
有时为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语,甚至一些重要语境信息,这给解题加大了难度。
[考例]
7.- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
- ________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
析:本题的关键在于能否看出此题是个省略句,答语省略的部分为I always make you eat an egg every day,并且也是正确解题的重要信息,答案为C。动词不定式短语作目的状语。
8. - What do you think made Mary so upset?
- ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
析:本题答语为省略句,省略了谓语和复合宾语部分,补充完整为Losing her new bicycle( made Mary so upset ),动名词短语作主语,故答案为C。
六、插入成分多样化
插入成分位置灵活,形式多种多样,这也使得原本简单的句子结构复杂化。
[考例]
9. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
析:该题插入部分as well as telephones的提前,目的就是迷惑考生 e-mail和telephones哪个是主语,依据语法规则,主语为E-mail,因此答案选A。
10. -Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.
-So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
析:该题中的插入成分working hard...lessons,其实应为现在分词短语作定语,修饰the students,句子的主语是each,显然缺少谓语动词,又根据下文So do I. 所用的时态,故答案选B。
篇6：把握语境 巧解单项填空题
作者：吴小梅
单项填空题是英语考试必考题型,而选项的选择依据已不再局限于其语法的正确与否,而更加注重特定语境对答案的限制。这不仅考查学生语言基础知识,而且考查综合运用语言的能力。因此,准确理解题意是做好单项填空题的首要条件。
一、读题时一定要留意上下文的有效信息及其内在联系。不仅要在选项本身上考虑,更要注意前后的暗示,分析题干,选择与题干语意相符的答案。
1. -There's coffee and tea; you can have ________.
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
答案:A
解析:此题是一道语境题,意在考查考生运用这几个代词的能力。either指两者之中的任意一个;each 修饰可数名词; one指代可数名词;it指代具体的事物。
2. -How is the man badly hurt in the accident?
-Sorry. He ________ though the doctor made every effort to save him.
A. died B. was dead C. had died D. had been dead
答案: A
解析:根据上文可知,此人伤得很严重 ,下文连词though 表示“虽然,尽管”引导让步状语从句。句意为:“虽然医生尽了一切努力来抢救他,但他还是死了”。选项B “be dead”表示状态。C、D与题意不符。只能选A。
3. I can hardly hear the news. Would you please ________?
A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off
答案: C
解析: 此题考查动词turn 的有关短语动词。从结构上看,四个选项都符合。从意思上看,turn on 意为“打开”, 可用turn on the gas, turn on the radio, turn on the tap 等;turn down 意为“把音量调小,拒绝”;turn up意为“把音量调高,露面”;turn off意为“关掉”。但从题干hardly hear 的暗示,只有C项才符题意。
二、单项填空题题目越来越长,所含的信息量越来越大,结构越来越复杂,解题时认真分析前后关系,准确把握内在的逻辑关系便至关重要。
1. -Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
-Yes. They have better players, so I ________ them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want
答案: C
解析:根据答语已经肯定了the Stars 有更好的球员,当然就希望他们会获胜。hope to do sth.; prefer sth. to sth. / prefer doing to doing; expect sb. to do sth.正确, 而want sb. to do sth. 意思不符。
2. His parents live near the city of Beijing, but ________of them has ever been to it.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
答案: D
解析:此题考查不定代词的用法,由于运用转折连词but ,所以需选一个否定词。从结构上看,似乎C、D 都对。上文his parents 隐含主语有两个人,所以选neither。
三、单项填空题的句子结构越来越复杂化和综合化,选项对题意的干扰加强。因此,排除干扰,正确分析句子结构是找准答案的关键。
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
答案:C
解析:此题较难,主句与从句之间存在修饰与被修饰的关系。关系代词that(the plan)充当see的宾语,选项来作see的宾补。而“计划”与“执行”之间存在被动关系,故选过去分词carried out作宾补,相当于“to see the plan carried out”。
2. She thought we were talking about her, ________ , in fact, we were talking about ourselves.
A. when B. where C. which D. while
答案: D
解析:此题题干较长,由两个分句组成,且句子结构完整,意思上没有修饰与被修饰的关系,而且有in fact 插入语干扰,而while 此时作连词,表示转折和对比。
篇7：单项填空题的五大难点及解题技巧
作者：罗成勇 何文元
单项填空题是高考的一个题型,分值占整个卷面的10%,有的考生由于没有掌握解题技巧,单项填空题失分不少。如今单项填空题一般不是考查“纯语法”或“纯词汇”,而是在特定的语言环境中考查考生综合运用语言的能力。本文结合近几年来的高考题,着重谈谈单项填空题中常见的“难题”解题技巧。以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。
难点之一:考查动词时态,不给出明确的时间状语
解题技巧:认真分析上下文语境,确定动词时态
高考单项填空题考查动词时态,往往句子中没有具体的时间状语,要靠对上下文语言环境的分析,才能搞清句子的时态。高考题中对动词时态的考查常采用这种形式。例如:
He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
析:此题答案为D。题干句意为:“他一直打量着她,想知道是否在什么地方见到过她”,其中,“kept”用的是一般过去时态,“是否见过”应是发生在“打量”之前,从时间上讲,是过去的过去,故要用过去完成时态。又如:
-George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No. I ________ . Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite
析:此题答案选C。“上周结婚”和“参加婚礼”都是过去发生的事情,我没有参加是因为我没有受到邀请,故“邀请”的动作应是在此之前的,即,“过去的过去”,因此,应用过去完成时态。
难点之二:把短语和固定搭配中的某个成分“置换”出来,构成“迷雾”
解题技巧:把位置还原,看清本质
在做单项填空题时,由于句型转换或其它原因,使短语或固定搭配中的某个成分离开了原来的位置,从而使该短语或固定搭配不易辨认出。例如:
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
析:此答案选D。实际上是考查turn to sb. for help(求助于某人),这里sb.就是题干中的person,且前置作定语从句的先行词,分析时不妨还原,便可看出本质。
难点之三:省略句子的某个成分,从而增加了试题难度
解题技巧:明确省略成分,补全句子看清真面目
________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
析:此题应选D。本题考查when之后非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。其中,对when一词用法的判断是解题的关键。when(或其它词,如while, since, once等)引导状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句谓语部分含有be时,可把从句的主语和be一起省略。本题干中在when后省略了it is。即,when it is compared with the size of the whole earth...又如:
The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
析:本题在once之后省略了it is,很明显,此处应用被动语态。故答案应选D。
难点之四:在一定的上下文中考查冠词和代词的应用
解题技巧:准确理解句子的实际含义(即,准确翻译句子)
Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
A. 不填;the B. 不填;an C. an; an D. the; the
析:本句子意为:从一万英尺高的一架飞机上跳下来是一次令人非常兴奋的经历。这里的“一架”、“一次”不能理解为“那架”、“那次”。因此,要用不定冠词。故答案选C。又如:
Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
析:本题很多考生易误选D,这主要是受前面pleasures的影响。而句子的实际含义为:几乎没有乐趣能与炎热夏天的一杯凉爽饮料相比。这里“夏天的一杯凉爽的饮料带来的乐趣”当然是“一种”,故用that,而不用those。
难点之五:利用插入语使句子结构变复杂,以此“迷惑”考生
解题技巧:去掉插入语,理顺句子结构,从而透视本来面目
E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
析:本题在主语(E-mail)之后加了一个插入语(as well as telephones),谓语动词应与句子主语(E-mail)一致,所以,动词要用单数,只有答案A正确。
难点之六:利用语境考查语言知识的应用,没有明显的提示
解题技巧:认真领会上下文,找准“信息点”(或“提示句 / 词”)
-Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry, I am not sure. But it ________ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
析:根据答语中的I am not sure,说明把握不大,故答案为A。这里I am not sure就是一个重要的信息。又如:
________ straight on and you'll see a church. You won't miss it.
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going
析:题干中有连词and引导的一个句子,所以不能选C、D,在英语里面,“祈使句+and / or+陈述句”是一常用句型,故答案选A。
篇8：探寻单项填空题思维干扰源
作者：王嵩
在英语单项填空题中,有很多是针对学生解题的思维定势所出的“陷阱”题。出题人往往通过句子结构的某些变化,来达到干扰学生的思维、使学生误入歧途的目的。同学们要学会识别干扰因素,理清句子结构,保持清醒头脑,提高抗干扰能力,从而避开“设题陷阱”,提高解题的准确性。
命题人通常采用下面一些手段,来设计题干干扰信息:
一、插入语干扰
1. He believes in himself,_________, in my opinion, is of great importance.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?
A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen
3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those
析:这类题主要是利用插入语,增加句子的复杂程度,从而达到干扰学生视线的目的。我们只要去掉冗余信息(插入语),答案就一目了然了。
二、标点符号干扰
5. Tom,_________sure to come tomorrow.
A. is B. be C. was D. would be
析:很明显,Tom在这里并不是句子的主语,而是称呼语。
三、疑问句干扰
命题人利用一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的特殊结构,达到干扰目的。解题时,只要把句子还原为陈述句,就可以看清它的庐山真面目了。如:
6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?
A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go
析:我们可以把它变为陈述句:I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原来是把句子的宾语提前到了句首,go是省去了to的不定式作宾语补足语。
四、倒装句干扰
7. On the grass_________two sheep.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid
析:这个句子的语是two sheep而非grass,故选用复数谓语动词。
五、从句和先行词分离干扰
同位语和定语从句一般情况下是紧跟在先行词之后,但有时为了句子平衡的需要,先行词和从句分开,从而造成了干扰。如:
8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
析:后面的句子是一个同位语从句,而它的先行词是句首的question。
六、省略句干扰
9. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until_________to.
A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
析:这个句子从句省去了相同的主语she和be动词,可以恢复为:The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.
10. If you don't go there,_________I.
A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did
析:此句尽管条件状语从句用的是一般现在时态,但并不一定表示现在的动作。从句子意义来判断,动作发生的时间应该在将来,很显然,它省去了一个将来时间状语。
七、被动句干扰
11. Every minute is made full use of_________at our lessons.
A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked
析:有些同学一见到介词,后面马上用名词或动名词。这恰恰落入了命题人设置的陷阱。此题of的宾语实际上是every minute。如果把它变为主动式,答案就显而易见了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.
八、搭配干扰
有时,出题人故意造成是某种固定搭配的假象,似是而非,极易上当。
12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening.
A. that B. which C. where D. at which
析:时间状语that evening前面不必加介词in,故这个定语从句应用关系代词引导,考虑到先行词被very修饰,故用that引导定语从句。试比较:
This is the very room where I slept in the evening.
13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed
析:he was used to在句中作定语从句,修饰life。分析句子结构,整个句子缺少谓语动词,故填入主句谓语。
九、定语从句干扰
14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations.
A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed
析:that he could (do) 是定语从句,修饰all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的状语。
15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
析:这道题考查了两个知识点,一是考查了have sth. done结构,二是定语从句。she had had repaired(had的宾语which在定语从句中提前,且省略了)是定语从句,修饰the washing machine。此句可译为:“布朗夫人很失望地发现她刚刚请人修理好的洗衣机又出了毛病。”
十、非正常语序干扰
16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
析:为了保持句子平衡,该句采用了非正常语序。该句的正常语序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意为“改善家庭居住条件占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。”there is是定语从句,用来修饰前面的名词短语what little of my spare time。
十一、强调句干扰
17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C. / D. which
析:此句是强调句,强调主语。可还原为:The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
十二、词形变化干扰
18. -I like football.
-_________my sister and me.
A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with
析:如不仔细观察,学生很可能选择A。应该要注意这里的me。我们知道so does sb. 句式是一个倒装句,即sb. 是句子的主语,要求用主格。
十三、多义词干扰
试比较下列两个例句:
19. He is a strange character,_________is very hard to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
20. He has a strange character,_________makes him difficult to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
析:多义词character在两个例句中有不同的含义。在例1中,character表示“人物”,在例2中,character表示“性格”。
参考答案:
1-5 BBBAB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 AABBC 16-20 CBDAB
篇9：分析句法有利于解单项填空题
作者：张豪 张华
从近年NMET试题来看,有些单项填空题结构比较复杂,有的与其他句子很容易混淆,导致失误。这时如果我们注意分析句法,一定会有利于答题:
一、搞清句子成分
英语中的主要成分有主语、谓语和宾语,还有定语、状语、表语、补语等附加成分。句子成分既不能残缺也不能多余。如:
The letter they looked forward to ________ at last.
A. arrive B. arrived C. arriving D. had arrived
分析:该题若仅根据look forward to而选择C,则整个句子缺少谓语。实际上,they looked forward to为定语,修饰The letter,主句缺少谓语动词,故选择B。
二、辨清句子类型
从结构上看英语中的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;根据其作用,句子又可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、否定句、祈使句等。在答题时分清句子的结构和作用对答题十分重要。如:
1. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. Leave
分析:由句中的and可以断定应该选择一个不带连词的句子(非谓语动词不是句子)。事实上,该题考查的是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。答案为D。
2. -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to...
-Don't call me “Joe”. I'm Mr. Parker to you, and ________ you forget it!
A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't
分析:句中的“!”说明此处应是感叹句或祈使句,并非是问句。此处应选D,Don't you forget it!为祈使句的否定句,表示“不高兴”,“厌烦”,“鄙视”等色彩。因此,该题答案为D。
三、识别一些常见句式或结构
英语中许多句子都以一定的结构或句式出现,如强调句、含形式主语或形式宾语的句子、倒装句、there be句式及各种从句等。在做题时不能见到某句型的特征就马上认定是什么句型,从而按该句型的特点和用法去解题。如:
The children are having a good time, ________ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them playing
B. who playing
C. some of whom are playing
D. some of them
分析:该题很容易误选C。从后面的...others with toys来看,“________ with sand”应该与之并行,同为独立主格结构,并非是定语从句。答案为A。
下面摘抄一些试题,供同学们演练:
1. The cat is the only one of her pets Jane will have ________ on her bed.
A. it sleep B. it sleeping
C. it slept D. sleeping
2.________ , we had to walk home last night.
A. There's no bus
B. There was no bus
C. Being no bus
D. There being no bus
3. a. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read.
b. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read it.
A. as B. that C. which D. /
4. a. He got lost in the forest and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
b. He got lost in the forest, ________ made matters worse.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
5. ________ is no need to turn off the radio since I've got used to working with it on.
A. It B. That C. There D. This
6. a. He came late. That's ________ he didn't catch the early bus.
b. He didn't catch the early bus. That's he came late.
A. because B. why
C. that D. the reason for
7. -You've booked on a four o'clock flight?
-What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane?
A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there
8. a. His father died, ________ him a lot of money.
b. His father died, and ________ him a lot of money.
A. leaving B. left C. being left D. to leave
9. a. Is this very factory ________ you visited last year?
b. Is this the very factory ________ you visited last year?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
10. -We haven't heard from Jane recently.
-What do you think _____ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. of happening D. has happened
[答案与简析]
1. D 2. D 3. a. A(定语从句) b. B(结果状语从句)4. a. B(主语从句) b. A(非限定性定语从句) 5. C 6. a. A(because后接原因) b. B(why后接结果) 7. D 8. a. A(现在分词短语作结果状语) b. B(并列句) 9. a. D(the one作表语) b. A 10. D
★ 地理试卷分析范文
★ 英语复习计划
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