人教版 高三 Unit 12 语言点

人教版 高三 Unit 12 语言点（精选9篇）由网友“phyo”投稿提供，下面小编给大家整理过的人教版 高三 Unit 12 语言点，供大家阅读参考。

篇1：人教版高三Unit12 Education

Warming up

1. a heavy workload 繁重的工作压力

2. to reduce the workload减轻压力

3. to meet parents’ expectations满足父母的期望

4. be strict with sb对某人严格

be strict in sth 在…方面严格

5. to raise academic standards提高学术水平

6. under high pressure在高压下

Reading

1. introduce a law 出台一部法律

2. nine years of compulsory education九年义务教育

3. reach a target 达到目标

4. be linked to 与……连接（相关）的

5. at the forum 在论坛上 （at the exhibition）

6. the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)联合国教科文组织

7. make a commitment 承诺，保证，承担

(= make a promise)

8. to begin with首先；第一点（理由）; 起初

9. create a positive attitude 有积极的态度

10. attach importance to education 重视教育

11. drop out辍学，掉队，退出

12. be sceptical of 对……抱着怀疑的态度

13. have a tendency to 趋向于….= tend to

14. rather than 胜于，而不是

15. take in接收，收容; 接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗

16. result in = cause导致，产生某种作用或结果 (前因后果)

result from= be caused by 由。。。所引起 （前过后因）

17. mixed-grade classes 混合班级

18. spread out: 铺开，展开

19. depend on = rely on依赖，指望

20. donate money through the Hope Project通过希望工程来捐款

21. one in three = one out of three 每三个中一个

22. provide them with a full curriculum提供他们全部课程

23. adopt distance learning methods 采用远程教学的方法

24. overcome problems 克服困难

25. accomplish a goal 实现目标

26. in the least developed nations 在一些最不发达的国家

27. raise money筹钱

28. in remote areas 在边远山区

29. in rural areas 在乡村地区

in urban areas 在城市地区

30. reach the target / goal 达到目标

Language study

1. update their skills 更新他们的技能

2. living standard生活水平

3. be of benefit 有益，有用

4. in the next decade在后十年

5. work out:

算出（总数）；

to work out a sum

带来好结果；有预期的结果

Things will work themselves out.事情会有好结果的。

运动，锻炼 to work out at the gym

Integrating skills:

1. in other aspects 在其他方面

2. it is evident that = it is obvious that 很明显…

3. absorb information 吸取信息

4. give close attention to 密切注意

5. take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方法来接受教育

6. a variety of 各种各样的

7. to suit their students’ different learning styles 适应学生不同的学习方式

Words:

1. be loaded with/be burdened with

2. have a tendency to do /for sth

3. be absent from

4. distribute among

5. donate sth to sb

6. cover many aspect

7. It’s evident that = It’s obvious that

8. select/choose

篇2：人教版新课程高三unit12教案

(一)主题任务(Core tasks)

任务一：谈论教育家

鼓励学生到图书馆、阅览室及上网搜索有关教育名人的资料。本课可设计如下任务型教学活动： How much do you know about famous educators?

活动时间：热身之前或之后，或本单元之后

活动形式：个人活动、小组活动、班级活动

语言知识要求：

词汇：educator，to begin with，worldwide，result

in，achievement，strict等

句型：本单元日常交际用语

语言技能要求：听、说、读、写

活动过程：

1．分配角色：四人一组，互相补充；

2．办黑板报或小报，注意人物介绍、时代背景、教育理念等；

3．在小组范围内交流有关内容，并做适当修改；

4．每位同学收集一位教育家的情况及其教育名言+；

5．鼓励学生就教育家及其名言谈些个人看法。

任务二：谈论教育公平性

The reading tell s US that in some cultures parents are particularly unwilling to send their daughters to school because it is the custom to educate boys rather

than girls．Please state your own points of view on it．The topic for discussion is “Is education only for boys?”

教师要善于引导学生利用听力、阅读等相关素材进行组织、归纳、总结。

活动时间：阅读课之后

活动形式：采用辩论形式

活动过程：

1．分配角色：四人一组，分正方、反方，就课文中的情况进行陈述；

2．各组每一位成员均参加辩论；

2．每个成员均要有发言的机会；

3．选出最佳辩手。

活动目的：培养学生的语言表达能力与辩论能力

辩论评价表：学生在辩论时，可采用以下的评价表进行评价

Item Evaluation

Attitude(Manners，confidence) 5 4 3 2 1

Delivery Body language 5 4 3 2 1

Articulation 5 4 3 2 1

Speed 5 4 3 2 1

Timing 5 4 3 2 1

Speech Organization of Ideas 5 4 3 2 1

Sufficient Examples/Support 5 4 3 2 1

Pronunciation and intonation 5 4 3 2 1

Fluency 5 4 3 2 1

任务三：比较中国教育与美国教育活动时间：学完本单元之后活动形式：个人活动、小组活动、全班活动活动过程：

1．利用已有知识，适当拓展；

2．互相补充，并添加一些项目；

3．归纳本单元所学内容，使知识形成网络。以下例子可供参考：

Chinese Education versus American Education

(二)热身(Warming up)

该部分由四位教育家引出，除了课本上的三个练习外，教师可结合这些内容引导学生展开思维：

1．Education refers to training and instruction of children，young people and adults in schools，colleges， etc．But what do you think “education” means?

2．What other educators do you know about besides those mentioned in the text?

3．Think of as many words as possible that are associated with education．

(三)听力(Listening)

“听力”(Listening)部分第一项活动设置了两个问题，要求学生听前思考，学生若有困难，可适当启发学生围绕下列问题思考：

1．What kind of schools are there in the USA?

2．Are most of the schools run by the state?

3．Do American students have more holidays than us?

4．How many students are there in a class in American schools?

5．Do American schools have the same curriculum as Chinese schools?

6．How do students behave at school?

7．How is the relationship between teachers and students?

8．Are students encouraged to be independent at school?

9．How do students study in school?

10．Are students encouraged to discuss and even argue in class?

11．What are the American people's attitudes towards education?

第二项任务用表格的形式，要求学生对中美的班级、教学方式、家庭作业、考试等四个方面进行比较。在听时要提醒学生注意关键词。填完之后，要求学生互相取长补短。第三项任务采用小组合作学习方式。第四题要提醒学生注意抓住关键的句子，弄清楚迈克对中国学校中哪些教学方式喜欢，那些感到困惑，并了解其原因。

(四)口语(Speaking)

1．指导识图：图与文互补、互为依托。教师要指导学生看懂条形图及曲线图。在日常生活中这两种图表处处可见。教师要指导学生通过图表挖掘本质的东西，例如图表所反映的事物的变化、差异及未来趋势等。

2．示范表述：如果学生很难用英语表达，教师可引导学生用相关文字表达图表内容。例如：From the bar graph，we c。an see that more and more school-age children attended school from 1985 to ．In 1985， there were 95.5 percent of school-age children attending school．．．

3．理清思路：在完成两幅图后的文字表述后，可适当补充一些图表让学生识别，并用英语来表述内在含义。

4．适当引申：除此之外，我们还可让学生认识饼状图等。

(五)读前(Pre-reading)

第一题要求罗列开办一所学校所需要的设备、人员及规划等，可采用“头脑风暴“的形式，激发学生的思维。可采用网状图表形式：

第二题探讨政府必须做哪些安排及讨论所面临的问题与困难。

(六)阅读(Reading)

1．解读文章标题：阅读文章前，板书文章标题 EDUCATION FOR ALL，然后鼓励学生大胆预测。

Please predict what the text will tell US．

What does “Education for A11’’mean?

2．归纳各段大意：学生归纳之后与读后(Post-reading)的第一题结合起来完成。

3．猜测生词意思：在阅读时，要求学生根据上下文大胆猜测词义。如：

In 1986 the Chinese government introduced a law that by the year every Chinese child would have nine years of compulsory education．

China and other countries found that in the country side when children do start school，they have a tendency to be absent and drop out later．

4．变换措辞：除了要求学生根据上下文大胆猜测词义外，教师还可鼓励学生用英语解释阅读文章中的句子。学生若有困难，可由学生指出课文中与老师所说的意思相近的句子。例如：Please find the sentence in the text which is closest in meaning to the

sentence you have heard．

(七)读后(Post-reading)

1．结合课文寻求解决途径：

要求学生除完成“读后”练习外，可根据课文完成下表，并补充更多的问题，提出更多的解决办法。

Problems Solutions

1 Shortage of Classrooms

2 Shortage of teachers

3 Shortage of money

4 Parents un willing to send daughters to school in rural areas

5

6

2．要求学生联系生活思考：

1)List the problems facing the governments of some countries．

2)Did any of your previous schools face such difficulties/Did any schools that you attended face such difficulties?

3) Have great changes taken place in your previous schools / the schools you attended?

4)What do you think the government will do to improve the school?

5)What information in the article do you find most surprising?

(八)语言训练(Language practice)

1．第一题要求学生小组合作进行讨论，然后写出词义，教师若要求编写生词卡，那会得到很好的效果。例如：

Word PrOnunciation Definition Example

absent /bsnt／ not present Who is absent in the meeting?

2．第二题从语篇出发要求学生用本单元所学词语填空。语篇内容与阅读课文紧密联系，可作为阅读部分的重要补充。

3．学生将第三题的图表画好之后，教师最好要求学生结合图表，将内容再叙述一遍。

4．第四道题要求学生用所提供的词语替代第三题中划线部分的词语，教师在布置学生做这道作业时，最好先要求学生直接用所学过的单词或词组来替换，培养学生大胆尝试的习惯。

5．第五题可采用两两合作形式，互相取长补短。

(九)综合技能(Integrating skills)

1．教师可提出以下问题供学生讨论：

Do you know your learning style?

What’s your greatest difficulty in learning a foreign language?

Do you think you are an effective learner? Why or why not?

2．要求学生完成一道书面表达作业：

Suppose your friend doesn’t know how to learn effectively，please give him/her some advice．

(二)测试性评价

1．Complete the sentences using the words and expressions in the box．

1)Carelessness almost _______ his failure．

2)Because he was i11，he was _______ from school．

3) _______ ，I would like to make a brief introduction to our hometown．

4)After he lost favour with voters，he decided to _______ politics．

5)Be more _______ with yourself．Work harder．Don’t waste time playing．

6)Boys have a _______ to fight more than girls．

7)She worked for a large _______ after she graduated from college．

8)Metal _______ when it is hot，but contracts when it gets cold．

2．Look at the chart above and match them with their meanings by writing the prepositions plus the correct word I The first one has been done for you． Please add as many as possible．

1)occasionally =at times

2)immediately = _______

3)now，at this time = _______

4)not less than = _______

5)not know what to do，think，or s ay= _______

6)close，near by= _______

7)after(much)effort，delay，etc；in the end= _______

答案：

1．1 resulted in 2 absent 3 To begin with

4 drop out of 5 strict 6 tendency

7 corporation 8 expands

2．2 at once 3 at present 4 at least

5 at a loss 6 at hand 7 at last

篇3：人教版 高三 Unit 10 语言点

U10

1. outcome n. 结果;结局;后果(相当于an effect; result)(常用+of)

I think there can be but one outcome to this affair. 我认为这件事只可能有一种结局。

She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts. 她对自己努力的结果很满意。

2. weep (wept, weeping)

vi. 1.) 哭泣,流泪[(+over/for)]

The girl wept over her sad fate. 那女孩为自己悲惨的命运而哭泣。

Mother wept for joy. 母亲高兴得流眼泪。

2.) 悲叹,哀悼[(+over/for)]

We all wept in silence for the deceased. 我们都默默为死者哀悼。

vt. 流(泪);哭泣

The little girl wept herself to sleep. 小女孩哭着哭着入睡了。

n. 哭泣

3．furnish vt.

1.) 给(房间)配置(家具等);装备[(+with)]

How are you going to furnish the house? 你将如何布置房子?

2.) 供应;提供[(+with/to)]

I'll furnish you with all you need. 我将提供你所需要的一切。

【拓展】

furnish A with B(=furnish A to B) 为某人提供某物

furnish sth with sth 为某物提供家具

4．attend to

1.) 处理(=deal with ) I’m may be late. I have got one or two things to attend to.

我可能会晚些,;有两件事要处理.

2.)照顾;关照(=serve; take care of)

The nurse is attending to a sick man. 护士正在照料病人。

Are you being attended to, sir? 先生,有人在招呼你吗?

5．do up

1.) 修理 The room needs doing up. 这房子需要修缮。

2.) 使穿上 She was done up in her Sunday best. 她穿着节日盛装。

3.) 使精疲力尽 He was done up after the long trip. 长途旅行后他精疲力尽。

【拓展】

do away with 摆脱；废除，取消 do for 照料 do out 收拾，打扫；整理

do out of 抢劫；骗走，骗去 do up 系上；扣上 have sth. to do with 和…有关系

have nothing to do with 和…没有关系 do without 没有某事物也行

do with （前面与could, can连用）需要;有关系

6．pale

a. 1.) 苍白的,灰白的

She was pale with fear. 她吓得脸色发白。

2.) (颜色)淡的

Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary's. 她的美貌与玛丽的相比似乎显得黯然失色。

He wore a pale blue tie. 他戴一条浅蓝色的领带

7．approve vt., vi. 批准；认可；通过;（常与of连用）赞成，赞同

My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不赞成我吸烟。

The professor does not approve the government's foreign policy.

那位教授不赞成政府的外交政策。

The mayor approved the new building plans. 市长批准了新建筑计划。

I don't approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。

I don't approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。

approval n. 【u】 赞成；赞许;批准

He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示赞成。

【拓展】 goods on approval不满意包换的货物 approve sth批准某事

approve of sb/（doing）sth赞成/赞同某人或（做）某事

8．shave

vt. 1.) 剃去...上的毛发;刮(脸)等 shave one's face刮脸

2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)] He shaved off his beard. 他剃掉了胡须。

vi. 1.) 修面,刮脸 He shaves every morning. 他每天早晨刮脸。

2.) 挤过,勉强通过 He shaved through the math exam.他勉强通过了数学考试。

n.[C]1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀

2.) 修面,刮脸[S] I need a shave. 我需要修面。

9．comb n.[C] 1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,马鬃刷 2.) 女人头发上梳状的饰物

3.) (用梳子)梳理[S]

My hair needs a good comb. 我的头发需要好好梳理一番。

vt. 1.) 用梳子梳理

The mother combed the child's hair. 母亲梳理了孩子的头发。

2.) 彻底搜查[(+for)]

We combed the city to look for our lost dog. 我们搜遍了全城寻找我们走失了的狗。

10．at length

1.) 最后,终于

At length, we began to understand what she wanted.最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。

2.) 详细地

He talked at length about his work.. 他详细地谈了他的工作。

11．flash

vt.1) 使闪光;使闪烁[(+at)]

Why is that driver flashing his lights at me? 那个司机为何用灯照我?

2) (向...)闪现出[(+at)]

I flashed a warning glance at them. 我向他们投去警告性的一瞥。

3) (火速地)发出(电报,焵讯等);使迅速传遍

The news was flashed around the world. 这一消息迅速传遍世界各地。

vi. 1) 闪光,闪烁 The stars flashed in the night sky. 夜空中群星闪烁。

2) (想法等)掠过,闪现 A thought flashed through my mind. 我脑子里闪过一个想法。

3）飞驰,掠过 A car flashed by.一辆汽车疾驰而过。

n. 闪烁,闪光[C] There was a flash of lightning a moment ago. 刚才有一道闪电。

12．simplify

vt. 简化,精简;使单纯;使平易

The subject is very complex, and hard to simplify. 这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。

【拓展】

simple adj. 朴素的；朴实的;简单的，不复杂的;单纯的；绝对的;正直的

simple clothes 朴素的衣服

The little boy can already do simple problems in arithmetic.

那小男孩已经能做简单的算术题。

a woman of simple goodness 纯真善良的女人

simply adv简单地；容易地；朴素地；清楚地；自然地;仅，只;真地

He is simply a workman.他只是一名工人罢了。

She looks simply lovely.她看起来的确可爱。

That basketball game we watch last night on television was simply great!

我们昨天晚上电视里看的那场蓝球比赛真是好极了!

simplicity n. 简单；简易；朴素；朴实；单纯

13．rare adj. 罕见的；珍奇的;煮得很嫩的

That bird is very rare in this country. 那种鸟在这个国家很稀有。

rarely .adv. 难得，很少

She is old and rarely goes out. 她年纪大了，很少外出。

He rarely comes here anymore. 现在他难得来这儿。

14. pride n. 自负；骄傲;自尊（心）;自豪

She showed us her new home with great pride. 她非常得意地给我们看她的新家。

Pride goes before a fall.(谚)或Pride will have a fall.(谚).骄者必败。

wound a person's pride 伤害一个人的自尊心

have a pride in one's son 为自己的儿子感到自豪

【拓展】 take pride in (=be proud of)对……感到自豪

pride oneself on sth./ doing sth.以……自豪；对……感到自豪

15．worn adj 破烂的；损坏的

the worn pockets on a jacket夹克上的破兜。

【拓展】

sth be worn out不得某东西破了 wear sth. away 磨损, 消逝, 衰退, 磨减, 消磨

wear sb./sth. down削弱 wear off 逐渐减弱, 消失, 磨损, 耗损

wear sth. out 消瘦, 穿破, 用坏, 克服 wear sb. out 消磨, 疲劳

16．baggage 不可数名词 (=luggage) 行李;（军队的）行装

Baggage should be checked in at least an hour before the flight.

行李须于飞机起飞前最少一小时前检查。

17. let

let down 扫（某人的）兴；失约 let in 让…进来，放…进来 let on 泄漏（秘密） let out 加宽，放宽（衣服）;放出

let off 放（炮），投放（炸弹）;（与with连用）宽恕；赦免；从宽处理

18．work vi. vt.

1) 运转

You should check that the fire alarm is working properly.你要确保火警系统运行正常.

Do you know how to work a machine? 你知道怎样开机器吗？

2）有效

You need to find which method works best for you.你需要弄清楚哪种方法对你最有效?

They are testing a drug that works against some types of cancer.

他们正在测试一种能治疗某些癌症的药物.

3）行 I don’t think the scene with the small children really works.

我认为有小孩儿的那个场面不好.

4）适合 The color doesn’t work for me. 这种颜色不适合我.

19. expense 可数/不可数名词 “花费,费用”

He borrowed $ 1,500 and used the money for legal\medical\living\travel expense.

他借了一千五百美圆,用语打官司\药费\生活费\旅游费.

at great/considerable/vast expense 花费\代价很高,很大

The rooms were equipped at great expense.装备这些房间花费很高.

at the expense of sb./sth. 以……为代价

He finished the job at the expense of his health. 他以牺牲健康为代价完成了这项工作.

at sb’s expense 让某人花费

They had a wonderful dinner at the manager’s expense.

他们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐,让经理花的钱.

重点短语:

1. at a time 每次, 在某时, 一次 2. a tear or two =one or two tears 一两滴泪珠

3. be worthy of 值得的, 应得的 4. be burdened with 负重担, 麻烦

5. fix one’s eyes on 看, 注视 6. stare at 凝视, 盯住

7. attend to 处理；照顾；关照 8. take pride in 对……感到自豪

9. do up 打扮；梳妆 10.let down 不支持；使失望

11. at length 最后；终于；详细地 12.go far （人）大有前途；成功

13.come into being 形成 14. as to 关于

15.set free 使获得自由；释放 16. refer to 参考；涉及；谈到；指的是

17.turn to 转向，变成；求助于 18. for a moment 片刻；暂时

19.break out in tears 突然大哭起来20. cut off 切掉；割掉；剪下；切断；隔绝

21. tear at 撕，扯……用力撕

The child was tearing at the wrapping of the gift box.那孩子正在用力撕礼盒的包装纸。

22. live through 度过；经受住 He has lived through two world wars.他经历过两次世界大战。

23. pull down 摧毁, 推翻, 使降低, 使身体变差, 使下跌, 使萎靡, 领取

24. hold out 伸出, 提供, 维持, 阻止, 制止, <美口>扣留, 声称

25. put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃

26. be accused of 被控诉，控告；被指责，谴责

篇4：人教版 高三Unit 11 语言点

Unit 11

1．criterion/ criteria(pl) n. (判断、批评的)标准,准则,尺度[C]

What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's work?

你用什么标准来衡量学生的学业?

2．summary adj.

1.) 概括的,扼要的

He gave a summary report of the day's events. 他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。

2.) 实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的

The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。

n. 总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)] He made a summary of the case. 他为这个案件做了一个摘要。

3．percentage n.

1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)] What percentage of children were absent? 缺席的学童占百分之几?

2.) 比例;部分[C] Each of them got a percentage of the profits. 他们每个人都得到一部分利润。

3.) 【口】好处,利益[U] There is no percentage in arguing with him.同他争论于事无补。

4．suspect vt.

1.) 疑有,察觉 The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。

2.) 怀疑,不信任 We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的。

3.) 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]The police suspected that Bill did it. 警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。

4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)] I suspect they'll come. 我想他们会来的。

n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]

adj. 可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]

His motives were suspect with others. 他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。

5．temporary

adj. 临时的;暂时的,一时的 Ellen has got a temporary job. 艾伦找到一份临时工作。

n.[C] 1.) 临时工,临时雇员 She works in the office as a temporary. 她在办公室做临时雇员。

2.) 临时事物;临时房屋

The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.

那些战时临时住房将被永久性住宅代替。

6．expectation n.

1.) 期待;预期[U][C]The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone. 那条狗摇着尾巴,巴望吃肉骨头。

2.) 期望,预期的事物(pl.) The reward fell short of our expectations. 奖励不符我们的希望。

3.) 前程(pl.) a young artist with great expectations 有远大前程的青年艺术家

7．division n.

1.) 分开,分割[U][(+into)]

The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.

编写者都同意把教科书分成十二个单元。

2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]

The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods. 这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。

3.) 【数】除(法)[U] The boy has learnt to do division. 这个小男孩已学会做除法。

8．compromise n.

1.) 妥协,和解[C][U][(+between)] I hope we shall come to a compromise. 我希望我们能达成妥协。

2.) 妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物[C]

The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.

这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。

vt. 1.) 互让解决(分歧等) 2.) 连累,危及

You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.

你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。

3.) 放弃(原则等);泄露(秘密等) He refused to compromise his principles. 他拒绝放弃原则。

vi. 妥协,让步[(+on)] They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他们觉得与她妥协更明智。

9．dynamic adj.

1.) 力的;动力的 a dynamic load 动力荷载 2.) 能动的;动态的 a dynamic verb 动态动词

3.) 有活力的;有生气的;强有力的 a dynamic young businessman 生气勃勃的年轻商人

10．embarrass vt.

1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]

Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question. 亚瑟似乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。

2.) 使负债;使拮据 A large family embarrassed him. 他子女多,这使他经济拮据。

3.) 妨碍,阻碍 Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements. 穿着厚大衣妨碍了他的行动。

11．contradictory adj.

1.) 矛盾的,对立的[(+to)]

The prisoner's statement was contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.

那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。

2.) 好反驳的,喜争辩的 a contradictory nature爱斗嘴的讨厌本性

n.[C] 1.) 矛盾因素,对立物 2.) 【逻】矛盾命题;否定项

12．violent adj.

1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的 The boat sank in a violent storm at sea. 船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。

2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z] She died a violent death. 她惨遭横祸。

3.) 极端的,极度的 A violent impatience overcame him. 他变得极不耐烦。

4.) 狂暴的,凶暴的 The madman was violent and had to be locked up. 这疯子十分凶暴,只好把他锁起来。

13．resign vt.

1.) 放弃,辞去 The general resigned his commission. 将军辞去了他的职务。

2.) 把...托交给,委托[(+to/into)]

She resigned her children to the care of her sister. 她把孩子交给她妹妹照管。

3.) 使听从,使顺从[(+to)] He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate. 他听天由命。

vi. 辞职[(+from)] The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.最简单的做法就是他立即辞职。

14． definite adj.

1.) 明确的,确切的 She made no definite answer. 她没有作确定的回答。

2.) 一定的,肯定的 It's definite that he'll be late again. 他肯定又要迟到。

3.) 限定的

15．congratulate vt.

1.) 祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]

I congratulate you on your great discovery. 我祝贺你的伟大发现。

I want to congratulate you with all my heart. 我衷心地祝贺你。

2.) (后接oneself)自我庆幸[(+on)]

He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash. 他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。

16． finance

n. 1.) 财政;金融;财政学[U]

He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance. 他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。

2.) (对事业的)资金支援[U]

3.) 财源;资金;(国家的)岁入;财务情况[P]

The country's finances have improved.这个国家财政状况改善了。

vt. 供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金 Our project is adequately financed. 我们的工程资金充足。

vi. 筹措资金 We are financing for the housing project. 我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。

17．decline vi.

1.) 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落

As one grows older one's memory declines. 人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。

Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month. 上个月失业率降至百分之四。

2.) 【书】倾斜;下垂 3.) 婉拒;谢绝

vt.

1.) 婉拒;谢绝[+to-v] She declined their invitation. 她婉拒了他们的邀请。

She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.

她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。

2. )【语】使发生词尾变化,使变格

n. 1.) 下降;减少[S1] There is a decline in real wages. 实际工资有所减少。

2.) 衰退,衰落[the S] 3.) 倾斜[the S]

18．oral

adj. 1.) 口头的,口述的

An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.

只有口头协议是不够的;我们必须有一个书面承诺。

He passed his German oral exam. 他通过了德文口试。

2.) 口的,口部的 The oral opening in an earthworm is small. 蚯蚓的口是很小的。

3.) (药)口服的 The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine. 医生开了一剂口服药。

重点短语:

1.stick with继续支持；保持联系

2.through thick and thin 不顾艰难1. 在任何情况下

I'll support you through thick and thin.在任何情况下我都会支持你们。

3.pull out of从……中退出 pull out of the fire1. 使转危为安

They just pulled the game out of the fire.他们好不容易赢了比赛。

4.cater to满足某种需要或要求,迎合;为...服务

Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.这些报纸迎合低级趣味。

5.for the sake of由于；为了……的利益 为了

He argues for the sake of arguing.他是为争辩而争辩。

6.in reality事实上；实际上 =in fact, actually

Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.

每个人都喜欢这位陌生人,其实他却是个罪犯。

7.keep an eye on 照料；照管1. 照看;注意

Would you keep an eye on my baby for a while?请你照看一下我的婴儿好吗?

8.take sth. into account考虑；体谅

9.as a whole 总的说来；作为整体;整个看来

Is this true just in this country, or in the world as a whole?

只是在这个国家如此呢,还是就整个世界来看都这样?

10.once again再一次

11.live up to依照……行事；做到；不辜负（期望）实践;

You must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。

12.accept...as... 认为……

The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.

宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险。

13.on one’s own独自，靠自己，独立

14.the majority of大多数；大部分

15.a pie chart饼状图

16.a bar chart柱状图

17.match...to... 使……（和……）调和，相配

18.be suspected of 被猜疑，被怀疑

19.take measures to ...采取措施（做……）

20.be familiar with 对……熟悉

21.be made up of构成；组成

22.count...as... 把…认为…

23.on the other hand 另一方面

24.attach to 伴随… 属于All blame must attach to myself.一切责任应由我本人承担。

25.be aware of 察觉到，感觉到，获悉

26.be suitable for适合做……

27.guard...against... 守护……（免于……），保护

28.make the best use of充分利用

29.on the surface 表面上的，外表上

30.as a matter of fact 实际上

As a matter of fact, I've never been there before.事实上我从未到过那儿。

31.be satisfied with 对……满意

32.lose face 失面子

33.by means of以……，借着……用;以

They succeeded by means of perseverance.他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。

34.put ... to use使用，用，利用

35.in demand有需要的；吃香的The book is in great demand.这本书需要量很大。

36.so as to 为了，目的是

篇5：人教版 高三 Unit 12 语言点

Unit 12

load n.[C]

1.) 装载;担子 The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的载重超过了它所能承受的量。

2.) (精神方面的)负担;重任 The good news has taken a load off my mind. 听了这个好消息我就放心了。

3.) (车,船等的)装载量;一车(或一船等)货物 The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡车装运一车沙子。

4.) 工作量

Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.已采取措施减轻医院医生的负担。

vt.

1.) 装,装载[(+with)] The workers are loading the ship with coal. 工人正把煤装上船。

2.) 把弹药装入(枪,炮);把胶卷装入(照相机) Don\'t forget to load your camera. 别忘了给你的相机装胶卷。

3.) 使摆满;使充满;使长满 [(+with)] The air was loaded with soot. 空气充满煤烟。

4.) 大量给予[(+with)] His brothers and sisters loaded him with books. 他的哥哥姐姐送给他许多书。

vi. 1.) 装货[(+up)] Have they finished loading up yet? 他们把货物装完了吗?

2.) 上子弹 The soldiers loaded and fired. 士兵们装上子弹便射击。

Compulsory adj.

1.) 必须做的;义务的;必修的 Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修科目吗?

Education is compulsory for children in most countries. 多数国家对儿童实施义务教育。

2.) 强制的,强迫的 compulsory legislation强制性立法

tendency n.[C]

1.) 倾向;癖性;天分[(+to/toward)][+to-v]

He has a tendency towards pessimism.他有悲观的倾向。

Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。

2.) 趋势,潮流[(+to/toward)][+to-v]

There is a tendency towards regional cooperation.有一种地区性合作的趋势。

3.) 倾向;意向 His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.他的新杂志有无政府主义倾向。

drop out

1.) 脱离 Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。

One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齿掉了。

2.) 退出;退学 She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退学去当女招待。

expand vt.

1.) 展开,张开(帆,翅等) The eagle expanded its wings. 老鹰展开翅膀。

2.) 使膨胀;使扩张

3.) 扩大;扩充;发展 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。

4.) 详述 They have expanded my view on the question. 他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。

vi. 1.) 展开,张开 2.) 扩张;发展;增长

In ten years the city\'s population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。

3.) 膨胀 Water expands when it freezes. 水结冰时体积膨胀。

A tire expands when you pump air into it. 轮胎打了气就会胀大。

4.) 详细说明[(+on/upon)]

distribute vt.

1.) 分发;分配[(+to/among)] They had distributed the lands among the peasants. 他们把土地分给农民。

2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]

This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country. 这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。

3.) 分,分开[(+into)] The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups. 老师把学生分成三组。

donate vt.

捐献,捐赠[(+to)] She donated her books to the library. 她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。

donate blood献血

vi. 捐献,捐赠[(+to/towards)] My husband donates to that group every year. 我丈夫每年都捐钱给那个组织。

donation n.[(+to)]

1.) 捐献,捐赠[U][C] She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children\'s Hospital. 她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。

2.) 捐款;捐赠物[C]

curriculum n.[C]

1.) 学校的全部课程

The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the curriculum.

这个学生知识很丰富,因为在学校课程以外他还学习别的东西。

2.) (一门)课程

The professor is busy preparing his chemistry curriculum plan. 这位教授正忙于准备他的化学课程计划。

profession n.

1.) (尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业[C]

She intends to make teaching her profession. 她打算以教书为业。

2.) 同业,同行[sing.]

The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid. 教师同行们声称待遇太差。

He is a leading member of the medical profession. 他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。

3.) 声明;表白[C][(+of)] She did not believe in his professions of love. 她不相信他的爱情表白是真的。

比较：career n.

1.) (终身的) 职业，事业[C] He wasn\'t interested in her stage career. 他对她的演戏职业不感兴趣。

2.) 经历;生涯;历程[C]

He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.

他觉得了解伟人的生平既很有趣又有教益。

比较：occupation n.

1.) 工作,职业[C] What is your father’s occupation? 你父亲的职业是什么？

2.) 消遣;日常事务[C][U] He was bored for lack of occupation. 他因无所事事而感到厌烦。

3.) 占领,占据;占领时期[U]

The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years. 日本占领台湾达五十一年之久。

4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期

No one is yet in occupation of the house. 这所房子还没有人住进去。

所以，在三个表示职业的词中，profession n.(尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业，[C]；career n. (终身的)职业，事业[C]；occupation n.职业，工作 [C]，是一种泛指。

advocate vt.

拥护;提倡;主张[+v-ing]He advocates reforming the prison system. 他主张改良监狱制度。

obtain vt. 得到,获得 He failed to obtain a scholarship. 他没有获得奖学金。

They obtained a loan from the government. 他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。

vi. 得到公认;通用;流行;存在

Those conditions no longer obtain. 那些情形已不存在。

The custom still obtains in some areas. 某些地区仍保留着这一习俗。

gain vt. 1.) 得到; 获得, 赢得 (战争、诉讼等有用、需要之物)

Our army gained the battle. 我们的军队赢得了那场战役。

He gained possession of more land. 他拥有了更多的土地。

2.) 获得（利益、利润等） I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it. 我可以贱买贵卖获利3 美元。

3.) 增加,增添 I gained five pounds in a week. 我一个星期体重增加了五磅。

obtain 和gain两个词在表示“获得”时，有下面的区别：

To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;

To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has

select vt.

选择,挑选,选拔[(+for/from)]

He selected a team for the special task. 他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。

Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee. 里德先生代表我们已被选入委员会。

vi. 做出选择,挑选

adj. 1.) 挑选出来的;精选的

A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding. 他们的经过挑选的一群朋友应邀参加婚礼。

2.) 上等的,优等的,卓越的 She only stays at select hotels. 她只住一流旅馆。

select/elect/ choose的区别

choose指在两个或多个中选择其一，可与from或between连用；select通常是指同类事物中选择最好或最合适的；elect 则指通过选举选出。

Will you help me choose myself a new coat? 请你帮我选一件新外套，好吗？

If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?

是一个人呆在这里，还是同我一起去，如果你必须对此做出选择，你会怎么做呢？

He selected a pair of socks to match his suit. 他挑选了一双与他所穿的衣服相配的短袜。

They elected Nixon as President. 他们选举尼克松为总统。

choose和 elect 都有“决定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有关将来的重大的大决定。在结构上，choose 之后还可有that 引导的宾语从句。

He chose not to go home until later. 他决定晚些时再回家。

He chose that we should stay. 他决定说，我们得留下来。

He elected to be a doctor. 他决定将来当一名医生。

suit n. (一套)衣服[C] I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西装。

vt. suit 1.) 适合,中...的意

Would Friday morning suit you? 星期五早上对你合适吗?

The arrangement suited us both. 这个安排对我们两人都合适。

2.) (不用被动式) 与...相配,与...相称 This dress suits you beautifully. 这件衣服你穿非常合适。

3.) 使合适; 使适应 [(+to)] Her speech was well suited to the occasion. 她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。

vi. 1.) 合适,适当 Will that time suit? 这时间合适吗?

2.) 相称; 彼此协调 [(+to/with)] The position suits with his abilities. 这个职位与他的能力相称。

比较：fit作动词的用法

vt. 1.） (衣服)合...身;与...相称 This dress doesn\'t fit me. 这件衣服不适合我穿。

2.） 适合于;使适合 [(+for)]

Her training fits her for the job. 她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。

We must fit the action to the word. 我们必须言行一致。

3.） 安装 Can you fit the electric fire for me? 你能替我装上电炉吗?

vi. 1.） (衣服)合身;适合 Does this shirt fit? 这件衬衫合身吗?

2.） 符合;配合

重难点解析

● Listening and speaking

1. People aged 15 and over who are unable or find it very difficult to read.

十五岁及以上不识字或识字有困难的人。

（1）aged 形容词。①本句中意为“有…岁的，…年纪的。”

e.g. Among the smokers, about 20 percent of them are children aged between 13 and 15 years old.

百分之二十的吸烟者是13至15岁的儿童。

In the morning old people get up early and practice Qigong in groups in parks, and a lot of middle-aged people dance together.清晨，老年人早起在公园里成群地练气功，中年人在一起跳舞。

② aged 还有“年老的”意思。 “the aged”指“老年人”。

e.g. The sick and the aged need our help. 这些病人和老年人需要我们的帮助。

The aged woman was wrinkled and bent. 这个老妇人满脸皱纹，佝偻着腰。

● Reading

1. In China, as in other countries, the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education. 在中国，正如在别的国家，政府意识到公民未来的幸福与教育紧密相关。

(1) as in other countries,相当于as it is in other countries, it 指代的是后面提到的情形。

e.g. In India, as in China, you can enjoy ancient culture and attractive scenery.

在印度，正如在中国，你可以领略到古老的文化和迷人的风景。

(2) be closely linked to “与…紧密相关的”。由“link sth to(with) sth”而来，意为：“使和…联系起来”。相当于“be related to”.

e.g. Ice and snow are closely linked to the lives of Canadians. 冰与雪与加拿大人的生活紧密相关。

Violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.

暴力行为往往与看电视的后果相联系。

2．In areas where agriculture plays an important role, people do not attach importance to education, and parents are skeptical of anything that takes children away from their work on the farm. 在农业占主要地位的地区，人们并不重视教育，父母亲对任何有碍他们的孩子干农活的事都持怀疑态度。

（1）attach importance (significance )to 意为“重视”。

e.g. Do you attach any importance to what he said. 你认为他说的话重要吗？

The government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing world. 政府应当重视发展各种类型的教育以适应不断发展的社会。

（2）be skeptical of /about 表示“（对某事物）不肯相信，常怀疑的（unwilling to believe sth）”。

“skeptical”为美式拼写， 在英国英语中拼成“skeptical”.

e.g. I’m rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor.他们声称同情穷人，我对此有些怀疑。

They say apple clean your teeth, but I’m skeptical about that myself.

他们说苹果能清洁牙齿，我对此持怀疑态度。

3． China and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a tendency often to be absent and often drop out later. 中国和别的国家都发现，即使这些农村来的孩子真的开始上学，他们也总有逃学并最终辍学的倾向。

have a tendency to do do sth 意为“倾向，趋向。” “tendency” 的动词为“tend”

“tendency” 还可构成“（have） a tendency to /towards”的词组。

e.g. Milk has a tendency to go sour in hot weather . 热天牛奶易变坏。

Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls. 男孩比女孩更有打斗倾向。

All children have a tendency towards illness. 小孩都较易患病。

(1) drop out 表示“退出，掉队，退学”之意。

e.g. The class began with ten students, but several have dropped out within the last month.

这个班级开始时有10个学生，但在最后一个月时，好几个人退学了。

Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs.

中途辍学的青少年求职时会碰到困难。

4． China’s large population meant that the schools had to expand to take in many more students. 中国大量的人口意味着学校不得不扩大以接纳更多的学生。

（1） mean在此句中意为：“意味着…”后面可以跟名词、动名词或从句。

e.g. Life to him meant action, rather than thought. 对他来说，生活意味着行动，而不是思索。

I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week. 我不会等待，如果这意味着耽搁一个多星期。

In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.

(上海春招) 在伦敦的一些地区，错过一辆巴士意味着得再等一个小时。

(1) expand 表示“扩大，增大（become greater in size, number or importance）”.

e.g. Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我们的对外贸易近来有极大的发展。

His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.

他原先不大的生意后来扩展成了超级市场集团企业。

（4）take in 本句中意为“接受，接纳。”它还可以表示以下等含义：

① 理解，领会，明白

e.g. They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder?

他们听了我的讲座，但是我怀疑他们到底听懂了多少。

② 包括，涉及

e.g. The article takes in all aspects of the problem. 这篇文章包括了这个问题的所有方面。

③ 欺骗，使上当

e.g. Don’t trust that fellow, he’ll take you in if he gets the chance.

不要相信那个家伙，他一有机会就回会骗你。

④ 将（衣服）收小，改瘦。

e.g. I’m getting much thinner, I’ll take in all my clothes. 我瘦多了，我得将我所有的衣服都改小。

5． In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1,000 km away from the nearest school. 在澳大利亚的中北部地区，人口非常分散，以至于一些居住在乡村地区的儿童离最近的学校也有1000公里路。

spread out 表示“散开”的意思。

e.g. Halong Bay in Vietnam is made up of three thousand islands spread out in the clear green waters of the sea. (SEFC B 2B U15) 越南的九龙湾由三千个岛屿构成，这些岛屿散布在蔚蓝清澈的大海中。

Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out. 别都挤在一块儿，分开坐吧。

6． In these countries, where some people do not even have fresh water or basic health care, reaching the target of “Education for All” will be a huge task, despite help from the international community. 在这些国家里，有些人甚至不能喝到新鲜的水，得到基本的健康护理，要达到普及教育的目标将是一个艰巨的任务，尽管能得到国际社社会的支持。

（1） 此句中where引导的定语从句限定前面的countries. 本文中出现了较多的where 引导的定语从句。应注意前面的先行词。如：

① In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than 20,000 people, the number of students in some schools is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same class.

在特克司和凯科斯群岛， 人口不足两万，有些学校学生数量很少，以至于几个不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。

② To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” method, where the students have lessons by two-way radio and mail.

为了解决这个问题，澳大利亚采用了远程教学的方法，学生们可以通过双向广播和邮件传递来学习。

● Language study

1. In today’s world of computerized working and developing technology, continued education is often essential for people to meet the changing requirements of their profession. 在工作电脑化和科技不断发展的今天，为了满足人们职业的不断变化的需求，继续教育是非常必要的。

(1) 此句中应注意几个非谓语动词computerized, continued , developing和changing，在句中作定语, 分别限定其后面的名词。过去分词表被动，现在分词表示正在进行。

(2) computerize “用计算机做某事，使计算机化”。

e.g. The accounts section has been completely computerized. 会计科已完全计算机化了。

computerize 的后缀- ize或 –ise表示“使…,…化”。类似结构的词有modernize(现代化), realize(意识到)，apologize(道歉)，popularize(使…受欢迎)等。

(3) 此句中continued为形容词，作定语。 意为：“继续不停的(going without stopping)”。

e.g. We have accumulated rich experience for the continued education of government employees and professionals.我们在组织和实施公务员和专业技术人员继续教育方面积累了相当丰富的经验。

(4) meet/satisfy/ fulfill the requirements “满足…的需求”。

e.g. Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly. 我们的最新型号包你满意。

In applying for the position of sales manager I offer my qualifications, which believe will meet your exacting requirements.为了申请销售经理的职位，附上我的合格证书，我认为会符合你们严格的要求的。

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

你的文章应该包含提供的所有信息，并满足以下要求。

2. Parents are not prepared to send girls to school because they do not believe it will be

of any benefit. 父母亲不愿意把女儿送去上学，因为他们认为这不会带来任何好处。

(1) 此句中be prepared to 意为“能够并愿意做某事（be able and willing to do sth）”。

e.g. I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.我愿意把钱借给你，你得答应还给我。

I ’m not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults.我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。

（2）be of benefit to

① be of benefit to “对…有好处”。benefit前可用“real, great, much, immense”等形容词修饰。

e.g. Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操对你的健康有利。

② ”(be)+of+名词“结构中的名词是抽象名词时,相当于其中名词所对应的形容词

的意思,说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有:

use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。

e.g. I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. (of no interest=not interesting) 我不想听你说,我对此不感兴趣。

Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. (of great importance=very important) 煤对工业发展是相当重要的。

New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.

(SEFC BI U 18) 新西兰的酒质量很好，并且被销往世界各地。

You'll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.(Key: C)

A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness

3. However, when the facts are examined, it is clear that educating girls leads to

improved health and levels of income. 然而，仔细观察事实可以发现，显然让女孩接受教育，最终可以改善健康状况和提高收入水平。

(1) 此句中应注意句型It is clear that …,it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。从句的主语是动名词短语educating girls, improved health and levels of income作lead to 的宾语。

类似的句型有：

It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....

常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”， 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

e. g It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.

= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.

大家都清楚那个孩子受过虐待。

(2) lead to sth “导致某种结果( have sth as its results)”。 lead to中的to为介词。

后跟名词或动名词, 上海高考题中，thief与catch 之间是被动关系, 故用了动名词的复合结构的被动形式。

e.g. The discovery of new evidence led to _______ .('03上海) (key C)

A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards。

婴儿学会做事情，因为它的某些行为能有所回报，这个观念为人们所普遍接受。

The person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. 春季高考英语试题（北京卷完形）

这个人必须查寻信息，使问题更清晰，并找到可能的解决方法。

(3) improved health 其中的“improved” 是过去分词作定语，限定health。

e.g. School health programs lead to increased student wellness and improved ability to learn.

学校的健康活动改善了学生的身体状况，并且也提高了学生的学习能力。

He believes that only hard work and perseverance can lead to improved performance.

他相信只有努力和毅力才能提高他的表演水平。

● Integrating skills，

1. Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate their intelligence and ability.

学习风格理论表明不同的人有不同的获得信息的方式，并且用不同的方法表现出他们的智力和能力。

(1) suggest

①本句中suggest表示“暗示、表明”时，后接名词或that从句（从句谓语用陈述语气）。

e.g. Are you suggesting that I’m too old for the job? 你的意思是说我太老而不能胜任这个工作了？

His failure in the exam suggested that he had not worked hard enough．

他考试没及格表明他学习还不够努力。

②suggest表示“建议、提议”时，后接名词、代词、-ing形式或that从句（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）。

e.g. I suggest we go shopping together and look for a nice tank．我建议我们一起去商店买一个精致的鱼缸。

I suggested that he（should）leave early．我建议他早点动身。

(2) obtain 取得某物，经（买、借、拿等）获得

e.g. There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money. Those people try to get money by dishonest means. 有一些通过欺骗和赌博获得钱的人，他们总想通过不诚实的手段来得到钱。

I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。

(2) demonstrate

① demonstrate在本句中指“表明，表示（show）”.

e.g. His sudden departure demonstrates that he is unreliable. 他的突然离去表明他的不可靠。

② demonstrate 在高二教材中出现时，表示“示威集会或游行 ”。

可构成词组，demonstrate (against/in favor of sb /sth) 示威游行反对或赞成某人或某事。

它的名词形式有demonstrator游行者,示威者，demonstration 示威或游行。

e.g. Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. 数以千计的人举行示威，抗议物价上涨。

The police arrested more than 100 demonstrators. 警察逮捕了100多名示威游行者。

2. Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles: learning through seeing, learning through listening and learning through doing. 尽管专家对学习有很多的想法和分类，但显然，人们通过三种基本的方式来学习：视觉型学习，听觉型学习和动觉型学习。

(1) It is evident that …主语从句。相当于 “It is clear/obvious that …”.详见Language Study 的第3句解析。

(2) evident 形容词，表示“明显的，清楚的（obvious, clear）”。

e.g. He looked at his children with evident pride. 他以明显的得意态度望着他的孩子。

The applause made it evident the play was a hit. 掌声表明这个戏剧很成功。

3. Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. 在实践中学习意味着积极地探索环境，通过触摸去了解事物。

(1) 此句中注意…by doing sth 这个结构，用来表示通过某种方式或手段。本文中

出现的还有：

e.g. Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening. 有一些学生，他们发现学会一个新概念的最简单的方法是听老师解释，这些学生是通过听来学的。

4. Students who have this learning style take a hands-on approach to education and enjoy doing experiments or surveys. 有这种学习风格的学生，他们会采取亲身实践的学习方法，而且喜欢做实验或调查。

(1) hands-on 作定语，意为“亲生实践的，实际的”。

e.g. Bush met the two leaders in a June 4 summit in Jordan showcasing his decision to take a more hands-on approach to Middle East peacemaking r.

六月四日，布什在约旦会见两国领导人，表明他决定采取更实际行动来推进中东和平进程。

5. They select a variety of activities to suit their students’ different learning styles.

他们挑选各种各样的活动，以适合学生不同的学习风格。

(1) select 与choose 的辨析

choose 表示“选择”或“挑选”的意思，是一个中性词，表示范围较小。

e.g. I'll let you choose how you are going to die．我将让你选择你怎样去死。

I've chosen them because of the colours． 我选择它们，是因为它们的颜色。

choose 有时表示“推选”、“选举”的意思。

e.g. They chose him monitor of the class．他们选他作为班长。

Last year Mr Wang was chosen to attend a conference of advanced teachers．

去年汪先生被推选出席了先进教师会议。

select 表示“精心挑选”、“选定”的意思，一般有主要的目的性。

e.g. He looked through the suits and selected a cheapest one for the party．

他在那些衣服里找了一阵，最后为晚会挑了一件最便宜的。

Why didn't you select a better subject for your composition?你干吗不选一个更好的作文题目呢?

(2) suit

① suit本句中表示“适合，适应（satisfy, meet the needs of, be convenient）”。

e.g. He said he knew of a hotel that might suit them. 他说他知道一个可能适合他们的旅馆。

Let’s fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you? 我们定个日子吧，周六晚方便吗？

② be suitable for/to “适合,合适”。在后面的writing中有一个句子。

e.g. What aspects of your study habits are not suitable to your learning style and why.

你的学习习惯的哪些方面是不适合你的学习风格的，为什么。

When we design buildings, we should keep in mind that there should be apartments that are suitable for disabled persons. (SEFC B2B U17)

当我们设计大楼的时候，我们要记住：应该设计一些适合残疾人居住的公寓。

sit for参加（考试）

concentrate on 集中；专心；专注

to begin with首先；第一；起初

drop out （of）（从活动、竞赛等中）退出；辍学

1. 脱离

Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour.很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。

One of my teeth has dropped out.我的一只牙齿掉了。

2. 退出;退学 She dropped out of school to become a waitress.她退学去当女招待。

result in产生某种作用或结果

Their dispute resulted in war.他们的争端导致了战争。

result from 起因于

His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。

be skeptical of/about怀疑

Many were skeptical about this solution.许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。

take in把（某人）带进；领入

The club took in a new member last week.俱乐部上星期又吸收了一名新会员。

2. 改小;改短

The dress needs to be taken in a bit.这衣服需要稍微改小一点。

rely on依赖；依靠

You can't rely on the weather.这天气可靠不住。

You may rely on me to help you.你可以信赖我会帮助你的。

as far as（远）至（某处）；到……程度

They walked as far as the lake.他们一直走到湖边。

2. 尽...;就...I'll help you as far as I can.我将尽我所能帮助你。

lifelong learning 终身学习

work out解决；计算出；详细拟订

1). 想出; 制订出; 产生出work out a program制订计划

2). 解决; 确定

Can you work out on the map where we are now?你能在地图上找到我们现在所在的位置吗?

3). 使精疲力尽;耗尽 He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远都不知道疲倦似的。

4). 计算; (被) 算出5). 理解, 弄懂; 知道6). (使) 松脱, (使)脱出

7). 被证明有效 (或切实可行、合适)8). 产生结果; 发展; 成功

9). 锻炼, 训练10). 在工作中度过(时间)11). 在外当雇工

have a lot in common有很多共同之处

be suited for适合做……，对……适宜

篇6：人教版高一Unit12

1. comedy _____ 反义词

2. power

labour power/water power

Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

be beyond one's powers

不能胜任, 力所不及

out of one's powers

不能胜任, 力所不及

come to /into power=take office

(开始)掌权, 上台

Fill with great ___ , the boy lift the heavy bag onto his shoulder.

A. power B. energy C.strength D. force

3. trick

（常与into doing sth连用）欺骗；坑人/(常与out of连用）骗走

He tricked me____ giving him the money.

他哄骗我给了他钱。

The children played a trick on their teacher.

孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。

3. series

连续几次失败后__________________

5. treat

He treated his mistake as a joke.

（常与to连用）请客；款待；馈赠

one's treat

某人作东，某人请客

She treated herself ___( with, for, to )a day in the country.

她花了一天时间在乡间游玩

treat a substance with acid

用酸处理一种物质

treat a case of cancer

治疗一例癌症

treat a theme realistically

写实地描述一个主题

I'll treat myself to a sunbath.

The doctor used strong medicine to ____ the sick child. A. restore B. cure C. treat D. recover

4. in trouble(with)

cause trouble to sb/sth

have trouble in doing sth/with

be troubled with

使疼痛；使感不适

I am troubled with a cough.

我咳嗽得挺厉害。

Take trouble _____ (to do, doing) sth

5. come across

Come about

Come along 跟随, 表现；出现：

come at 攻击

come out 发行或发表

come to

come to sth/ 数字 谈到,讲到 总共

come down with 染病，得病

come up with

come to an end /a stop

come first

An idea has come _____me

6. believe /believe in

7. have habit of doing

be in the habit of

fall into the habit of/get into the habit of

form a habit of

养成[染上]某习惯

get out of a habit/kick the habit/get rid of

改掉某种习惯

8. in a whisper

9. turn around/out/in/up/down/off/against

10. I have an announcement ____( to make; making)

Have you announce ____ him (to, with, for)

11. How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

That ___ me fine

A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits

12. try doing /try to do

manage to do

Why not try to talk to her t see if she would like to help us. 改错

13. Welcome to ___ world of JK Rowling!

It’s ___ world of magic and wonders, __ world where anything can happen. ( a , the)

14. Harry Potter is a boy ____ a scare on his forehead. A. has B. with C as D. of

15. He doesn’t know ____ to do about his life.

A. that B. how C. why D. what

16. He makes a lot of American friends ____English. A. learn B. to learn C. learning

17. Harry, together with his friends _____ (learn) it’s not easy to do right things

18. ____ a person looks like is not as important as ___ he or she grows up to be.

A.How; what B. What; what

C. What; how D. How; how

19. compare sth with sth

compared to/with sth

compare sth to sth

20. It seem that…

Sb seem to do sth

22. It sounded as if /like

It sounded _____a woman crying.

A. as B. as if C. like D. with

23. Tom suddenly _____ cold.

A. was felt B. felt C. was felling D. is felt

24. if only, as if , wish 虚拟语气

_____ they could find a way to the room.

A. If only B. Only if C. What if D. As if

25. It looked as if the creature ______.

A. moved B. has moved C. had moved D. is moving.

26. be about to do sth….when

be doing sth… when

have just done sth…when

27. It ____ on the statue that ____ wants to enter the room must answer the question.

A. says; whoever B. is said; anyone

C. reads; those who D. is read; who

28. give a question/an answer/an advice/a reason/an excuse/opinion

29. He whispered the answer ___ (in ,to) the creature’s ear.

30. wait for sth /wait to do sth

wait for sb to do sth

I’m ____ something ____

A. waiting; to happen B. waiting for; happening C. waiting for ; to happen

31. Tom was ____ (scared; scaring)

32. He is in ____ habit of scratching his head when he is in ____ trouble.

A. a; the B. /;/ C. the; / D. /; the

33.--- How valuable the photographs are!

----- I _____ them in a drawer.

A. came around B. came across

B. came up D. came about

34. He told me the news ___ a whisper as if it__ a secret.

A. in; were B. with; were C. in; had been D. with; had been

35. Every possible means ___ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. are being used B. have been used

C. has been used D. had been used

36. --- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? ---- _______.

A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess

C. I don’t guess so B. I guess not

37. He finally spoke out his own idea, ___ made us feel quite disappointed.

A. what B.the one C. the one that D. that

38. He looked very tired, He seemed _____ a sleepless night. A. to have B. to have had B. having D. as if he had

39. ---_____ seems to be something wrong with the machine.

--- Yes, ____got a lot of noise.

A. It; It’s B. There; it’s C. It; there’s D. There; there’s

40. ---Can I help you?

--- Yes I bought this VCD player here last week, but there ___ something wrong with it.

A. seems to be B. seems to have

C.. seemed to be D. seemed to have

41. If only you ____ him what I said!. Everything would have been all right.

A. didn’t told B. hadn’t told

C. would not tell D. would have not told

42. SARS is an illness that can result in death unless left ____ in time.

A. to treat B. treating C. treated D. treat

43 .---Many students are _____ smoking.. --- Yes, we must do something to keep others____.

A. in the habit of, from falling into the habit. B. having the habit of; getting into the habit

C. in habit of, from getting out of the habit of D. in the habit, from getting into it

44. .--- What about _____ on Sunday? --- It_____ a good idea?

A. going climbing, sounds

B. go to climb, sounds

C. going to climb, seems

D. climb, seems like

45 . ---did you see Sandy in the manger’s office? ---Yes, she____ by the manger.

A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned

46.---Where is your house?---Look, over there. It is the one _____ door faces east.

A. which B. its C. whose D. that

47. ---Did they treat you well there?

---Yes, they treated me_____ their grest and they treated me_____ beef for dinner.

A. to; as B. as; to C. to, to D. as, as

48. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever

49. I noticed that she seemed______ a lot.

A. to smoke B. smoking

C. to be smoking D. to be smoked

50. It is _____ work of art that everybody wants to have a look at it.

A. so a unusual B. such an unusual

C. so unusual D. such unusual

51.---The two pairs of shoes are ______ the same size.

---But they re different____ colour.

A. of, from B. of, in

C. in, from D. in, in

52.--- ______ do you weigh? --- Sorry, I don’t know____ my weight is.

A. How much, what B. What, how much C. How, what D. How many, what

53.______ to have gone to America on a business visit.

A.It is said him B. It’s said he

C. He is said D. He has said

54．If only I ______ the meeting yesterday!

A. attended B. had attended

C. would attend D. was attended

55.They found the question difficult to____.

A. answer B. be answered

C. answer it D. be answered it

56. I have no more letters to _____, thank you.

A. type B. type itC. be typed D. be typed it

一、完成句子：

a) 由于大雾， 马路上发生了一连串的交通事故。

A ________ ________ traffic accidents happened in the street ________ ________ the heavy fog.

b) 我今天无意中碰到一位老朋友。

I _______ _______ an old friend today.

c) 我们正要出发，这时天下雨了。

We _______ _________ ________ start out _______ it began to rain.

d) 今晚我们可以看到一部动作片和一部喜剧。

We can see an action film __________ _______ a comedy tonight.

e) 我不知道你们是怎么了解我的过去。

I ________how you ______ ____ my past.

篇7：人教版 高三16单元语言点教案

Unit 16. Jobs and careers

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

Reading

1. take off 起飞； 脱下，摘下，迅速流行，换下，终止，取消； 休假，休息，剪掉，切除（人体）；模仿

The plane took off an hour late. 飞机起飞晚了一小时。

Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后歌唱事业迅速起飞。

I’ve decided to take a few days off next week. 我已经决定下周休息几天。

The show was taken off because of poor audience figures. 该剧因不卖座而停演了。

2. accomplish 完成，达到，实现

accomplish finish, complete 区别

1） accomplish经常接task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词。 如：

The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. 探险队在五周内完成了航程。

The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. 计划的第一部分已顺利完成。

2) complete比accomplish具体， 可接简化组，工程，书籍等名词。 指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经进一步的努力使之完成”， 主要涵义是“补足缺少的部分”。 如：

The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼将于本月底完成。

3) finish 在许多情况下可与complete 换用， 但不及complete 正式。 常含有“认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美”的意思。 如

I have to finish writing the book by this weekend. 我得在本周末写完这本书。

3. vacant 空着的，未被占用的；（职位）空缺的；（目光，表情等）无神的，呆滞的

When the post finally fell (= became) vacant, they offered it to Fiona.这个职位最终空缺后，他们给了Fiona。

The seat next to him was vacant. 他旁边的座位是空的。

a vacant look呆滞的目光

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

4. offer vt. 提出，提供，愿意做某事 常用搭配（offer sb sth, offer sth to sb offer to do sth）

The young man offered the old man his seat. 年轻人给那个老人让座。

They decided to offer the job to Jo. They decided to offer JO the job. 他们决定给乔那个工作。

They offered to help us. 他们愿意帮我们。

n. 提供，提议

Thank you for your offer of help. 谢谢你提供帮助。

5. Count vi. 有价值；重要；有用

Every second counts.

每一秒钟都很重要。

v. 数, 计算, 数；算; 认为；视为；看作

be counted as 被认为

I count him among my closest friends. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。

For tax purposes that the money counts/ is counted as income. 那笔钱算做收入，需要纳税。

to count from 1 to 100 从1数到100

Count these apples. 清点一下这些苹果。

count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣

6. assess 评价，评定（质量，性质）

It’s difficult to assess the effects of these changes. 很难评价这些变化的影响。

The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. 这些年轻人被评定为安全或不安全的司机。

The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. 委员会评估建筑物是否该保留。

7. spot 斑点，点，污点，（皮肤上的）丘疹等。 地点，场所，少量 vt. （不用于进行时）看见，注意到，发现

She was wearing a black skirt with white spots. 她穿着黑色带白点的裙子。

The baby’s whole body was covered in small red spots.婴儿的全身都是小红疙瘩。

He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. 他把当时向她求婚的确切地点指给我看。

I felt a few spots of rain. 我感到飘来几滴雨。

on the spot 当场，当下，在下场，在原地He answered the question on the spot. 他当场回答了我的问题。

An ambulance was on the spot within minutes. 几分钟内，一辆救护车赶到了现场。

Running on the spot is good exercise. 原地跑步是很好的运动。

8 salary， income, pay, wages区别

Income 用以指一个人或单位所得得收入， 不仅限于工资。 例如：

A family with two incomes 双份收入的家庭。

DINGKY double incomes, no kids yet.

Pay 一般指顾主定期付给的工资的通用的词。 如pay-day 指每星期或每月领取工资的日子。

He doesn’t like the job, but the pay is good. 他不喜欢那个工作， 但是薪水很高。

Wage 一般指按星期或按日发放的工资，通常为现款，一般按小时，日，星期或按照完成一定的工作量计算。 Wage-earner 通常指体力劳动者。 如：

We expect a fair day’s wage for a fair day’s work. 我们做好一天的工作， 就希望得到一天应得的工资。

Salary 一般按月计算，常指直接拨入领取者的银行帐户内。一般用于专业人士或在办公室工作的人员。 如：

The company is offering a salary of $30,000 per year. 那家公司招聘职员，年薪30000美圆。

Fee 指付给律师，医生等的报酬，如

Pay the lawyer’s fee 付律师费。

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

9 from this point on 从那时起 on one point 曾经，一度

I think I even told you that at one point. 我认为我曾经告诉过你那件事。

At one point she was aware of two nurses speaking about an outing they were planning with their boyfriends. 她一度听见两个护士谈起她们计划与男朋友一起出去。

At one point he turned his head, listening for Emily. 一度，他转过头，听Emily的声音。

时刻，关头，瞬间，阶段

The climber was at / on the point of death when they found him. 当他们发现那个登山者的时候，他已奄奄一息。

We were on the point of giving up.我们当时几乎要放弃了。

At this point I don’t care what you decide to do. 在这个时候，我不在意你怎么做了。

Point n. 论点，观点 （point of view ）地方，标点，尖，

She made several interesting points in the article. 她在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。

I take your point 我赞同你的看法。

重点，要点 （brief and to the point ）

The point is you shouldn’t have to wait so long to see a doctor. 关键是看病不该等那么长时间。

I wish he would get to the point. 我但愿他快点说正题。

目的

What’s the point of all this violence? 这些暴行的意图何在？

There’s no point in getting angry. 发火是没有用的。

具体细节（或事实）

Here are the main points of the news. 以下是新闻摘要。

Can you explain that point again? 你能在解释一下那一点吗？

vi. point at/to, point out

Language study

10。 up to date adj. 直到最近的, 新式的, 现代的

We would like to see qualified people who are technically up to date.我们愿意看到技术上更新的称职的人。

Teachers are asked to ensure that their entries for the new class lists are brought up to date by the end of July. 教师被要求保证在7月前更新他们的新的课程名单目录。

11. essential adj. 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的

n. 本质, 实质, 要素, 要点

Food is essential to life. 食物是维持生命不可或缺的。

Food is essential for life. 食物是生命所必需的。

Impartiality is essential to a judge. 公平是当法官所必需的。

Her most essential quality is kindness. 她最主要的品质是厚道。

It is essential to keep the two groups separate 将两组分开是完全必要的。

It is essential that you have some experience.你必须得有经验。

The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. 工作室有基本设施，如暖气装置和水。

the essentials of English grammar 英语语法基础

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

Integrating skills

12. addition 加，加法。 增加物，添加物 （常用搭配：addition to , in addition (to)）

children learning addition and subtraction 学习加减发的儿童。

an addition to the family 这家新添的一口人。

Pasta’s basic ingredients are flour and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil. 意大利面条的主要成分是面粉和水，有时加鸡蛋和食用油。

in addition (to sb/sth) 除。。以外还。。。

In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 除了这些安排之外，另增加救护车值班至午夜。

There is, in addition, one further point to make.12. hold back. 此外，还有一点要说。

13. appealing 有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的

Spending the holidays in Britain wasn’t a prospect that I found particularly appealing. 在英国度假对我并不具有吸引力。

‘Would you really help?’ he said with an appealing look. 你真的愿意帮忙吗？他满脸恳求地说。

appealingly adv.: The dog looked up at her appealingly. 狗可怜巴巴地望着他。

Appeal n. 上诉，申诉，感染力，吸引力， 呼吁

an appeal against the 3-match ban 不服禁赛3场令的申诉。

The Beatles have never really lost their appeal. 披头士的感染力经久不衰。

a look of silent appeal默默恳求的目光。

v. appeal to 上诉，申诉； 有吸引力， 引起兴趣；呼吁，

The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. 设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。

Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。

二、独立主格结构的形式

独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。

1）名词／代词＋形容词

I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry．我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。

He stood silent in the moon-light，his door open．月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。

2）名词／代词＋现在分词

Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

The rain having stopped ，he went out for a walk．雨停了，他出去散步。

3）名词／代词＋过去分词

More time given，we should have done it much better．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

The boy stood there，his right hand raised．那个男生站在那里，右手高举。

4）名词／代词（主格）＋不定式

Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month．这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。

The two boys said good-bye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friend's．两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

5）名词／代词十介词短语

The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand．那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。

注意：这里，gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand，但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。

6）名词／代词十副词

Nobody in，the thief took a lot of things away．由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。

Lunch over，he left the house．But he was thinking．午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。

7）名词／代词＋名词

He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon．他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。

8）with复合结构

它的构成是：“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。

Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）

He used to sleep with the door open．他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词）

With a boy leading the way，they started towards the village．由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）

With the work done，he went home．工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）

With you to help us，we will finish the task in time．由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）

Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night．夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）

从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。

三、独立主格结构的功能

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

1）表示时间

Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

2）表示条件

The condition being favourable ，he may succeed．若条件有利，他或许能成功。

3）表示原因

There being no taxis，we had to walk．没有出租车，我们只好步行。

4）表示伴随情况

Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all．几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision

Grammar revision

Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss

Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar

2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement

Teaching materials & focuses:

四、形式选择中应该注意的问题

1）现在分词还是过去分词？

在独立主格结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词。如：Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder．一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained．一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。

在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词

完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard．

现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同，但在独立结构中，有时却有共同之处：现在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词。例如：

As her skirt was caught on a nail，she could not move．

→Her skirt being caught on a nail，she could not move．

→Her skirt caught on a nail，she could not move．

After his work had been finished，he went home．

→His work having been finished，he went home．

→His work finished，he went home．

2）分词结构还是独立结构？

上面的例子告诉我们，独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：

Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles．

不可改为：

He being very tired with his walk，he．．．

但可改为：Being very tired with his walk ，he．．．

比较：判断动名词复合结构的方式

主语位置上，或动词、介词后的”名词代词 + 非谓语动词“，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是”名词 + 定语。请看以下各例：

He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.

A. left B. being left C. leaving D . be left

insist on后不接从句，D可以排除。这里表达的是坚持要求“开着窗子睡觉”，所以应该是动名词复合结构，答案为B。

The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.

A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked

做主语的表示上班迟到的原因，自然应该是“交通堵塞”，而不是“被堵的道路”，所以还是动名词复合结构，答案为D。

The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.

A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted

消息表达的应该是个事件，说明不是“被录取的孩子”，介词of后不可能接从句，说明of后为动名词的复合结构，答案是C。

篇8：人教版 高三 Unit 15 语言点讲解

Unit 15 Popular Youth Culture

Key phrases

1.make a contribution to 2.make a difference

3.help with doing 4.have company

5.inspire sb. to do 6.concentrate on

7.improve one’s grades 8.apply for

9.have big hearts 10.be eager to do

11.have a great/good time doing 12.poverty relief

13.open up 14.build confidence

15.go without 16.promote awareness of hunger

17.fit in 18.without payment

19.make an adjustment to sth. / adjust (oneself) to sth/doing

20.go out of fashion 21.have a reputation for

22.approve of sth/doing 23.be through

24. in many aspects

Vocabulary

1. acknowledge vt. 为。。。表示感谢，承认。

acknowledgement n.

sth.

doing

acknowledge sth/sb to be + adj/n

sth/sb. as + n.

that clause

①对手们承认输了.

The opponents acknowledged defeat.

having been defeated.

that they were defeated.

②大家公认他是世界最佳球员.

He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.

as the best player in the world.

It is widely acknowledged that he is the best player in the world.

③我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢.

I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local business.

The opponents acknowledged that they were defeated. 对手们承认输了。

2. beneficial adj. 有利[益]的(to)

be beneficial to有益于

Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。

Benefit vt 有益于

新鲜空气对你有益。 ____________________________________________.

他的发明有益于全世界。__________________________________________.

vi. 获益 受益 （from） __________________________________________.

n. 利益， 好处；恩惠。Be of great benefit to sb. ______________________.

这本书对学生很有帮助。_______________________________________.

3. make contributions / a contribution to 对。。。做出贡献（捐赠）

Thomas Edison ______________________________________ the world. 托马斯 爱迪生为世界做出了巨大贡献。

It is our duty to make a contribution to ____________________________. 为环保做贡献是我们的义务。

其他常见带介词to 的短语归纳：

Be used to习惯于； be given to 沉溺于； be related to 与。。。相关； get down to 着手做； lead to 导致； object to 反对；put one’s mind to 全神贯注于； be equal to 胜任； be opposed to 反对； devote oneself to 献身于； give rise to 引起； look forward to 盼望； pay attention to 注意； stick to 坚持； attend to 处理，照料； lead to 通向； see to 负责； access to 接近， 进入（某地的）方法； be addicted to 沉溺于，对。。。上瘾； contribute to 为。。。做贡献。

4. worthwhile 值得的

Worthwhile , worth, worthy 区别

Worthwhile 强调“值得花时间或精力”。基本句式是：It is worthwhile doing / to do something . 例如：

参观这个博物馆是值得的。 ____________________________________________

Hangzhou is a beautiful place, it is worthwhile going/to go there. ________________

Helping old people is a worthwhile activity. 帮助老人是一项很有意义的活动

Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion. 谢谢你提出的好建议。

Worth 强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”。不可作定语，基本句式是：sth be worth something 或sth be worth doing 。 如：

The book is (well ) worth reading. 这本书值得读。

Worthy 强调“应该得到（尊重，信任，表彰等）”，不表示价值。 基本句式是：be worthy of something/ being done , be worthy to be done.

His courage was worthy of high praise. 他的勇气值得赞许。

广州值得去看一看。Guangzhou is worthy of a visit

of being visited

to be visited.

The school has graduated many worthy young people. 这间学校培养了许多优秀的年轻人。

Those who reject us are not worthy to be called our friends.背弃我们的人不值得做我们的朋友。

A worthy friend 一位可敬的朋友

5. fit in (with sb/sth) 与。。。合得来，适应

fit in 适应，协调

fit in with sth./ sb. 与。。。相适应； 与。。。合得来/处得融洽

fit sb./sth in 找到时间（见某人、做某事）

be fit for sb./sth.

be fit to do

①When he arrived in Tibet , he had some problems _________________________.

②Do these plans ______________________your arrangements?

③He tried to ___________________ others, but it was difficult.

④Doctor White can _________________ on Wednesday afternoon.

⑤He is the best person to ____________________ the position.

He’s never done this type of work before; I’m not sure how he’ll fit in with the other people. 他过去从未干过这种工作，很难说他是否会与其他人配合得好。

Where do I fit in? 哪里有我适合的地方？

Do these plans fit in with your arrangements? 这些计划和你的安排冲突吗？

6. due to 因…引起；可归于… caused by 不可放在句首

This accident was due to his carelessness.

这次事故是由于他的疏忽引起。

His illness was due to overwork. 他的病是由于工作过度。

He arrived late due (owing) to the storm. 由于暴风雨他来晚了。

写出六个表原因的同义词组：

______________________ ____________________ ______________________

______________________ ____________________ _______________________

6 whereas conj.

(公文用语)有鉴于; 而, 却, 倒; 其实, 反之

Whereas the peoples of the colonies have been burdened with taxes... 鉴于各殖民地民众备受重税负担之苦....

They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat.

他们想要一座房子, 而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。

Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.

有人喜欢咖啡,然而也有人喜欢茶。

Some people like fatty meat, whereas others hate it.

有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。

Whereas the following incidents have occurred ...

鉴于下列事件业已发生...

Language points in the passage

1. make a, no, some, etc. difference (to / in sb/sth) 有（或没有，有些等） 作用，关系，影响

The rain didn’t make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没什么影响。

Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not. 你能否得到工作与年龄有关。

Changing schools made a big difference to my life. 转学对我一生有重大影响。

What difference will it make if he knows or not? 他知不知道有什么关系吗？

I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what colour it is (= it is not important). 我认为颜色无关紧要。

‘Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?’ ‘It makes no difference (to me).’我们周五还是周六走。无所谓。

2. open up 畅所欲言 ；开拓，开辟；开业，营业

It helps to discuss your problems but I find it hard to open up. 与人谈论自己面临的问题固然有益，可我觉得有些话说不出口。

The railway opened up the east of the country. 铁路使国家东部不再闭塞。

Exciting possibilities were opening up for her in the new job. 新工作为她带来了令人兴奋的发展前途。

I open up the store for the day at around 8.30. 我的店每天早上大约8.30开业。

3. starve 常用搭配：starve to death 饿死；starve for sth 渴望得到某物；

如：The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. 发动机没有油了，启动不了。

In recent years the Department has been starved of financial resources. 在近来几年部里非常需要金融方面的资源。

4. remain （系动词）仍然

to remain silent / standing / seated / motionless 依然沉默/站着/坐着/一动不动

Train fares are likely to remain unchanged. 火车票很可能会保持不变。

It remains true that sport is about competing well, not winning. 体育重在勇于竞争而不是获胜，一向如此。

[v-n] In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. 尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。

He will remain (as) manager of the club until the end of his contract. vi. 留下，剩下

Very little of the house remained after the fire. 火灾之后，房子所剩无几。

There were only ten minutes remaining. 只剩下10分钟了。

vi. 仍需去做（处理）

Much remains to be done. 还有许多事要做。

It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你说的对不对还有待证实。

There remained one significant problem. 还有一个非常重要的问题。

[v (that)] I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied to us. 我为她感到难过，可事实是她对我们撒谎了。

高考相关

1. (NMET 95) If you work with strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.

A whatever B however C wherever D whenever

2. (NMET 97)It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.

A however B whatever C whichever D whenever

3. （NMET ）Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.

A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen

Fill in the blank with proper phrases.

1. The students in the remote village school study hard. They _________________ learn whatever is new to them.

2. I _________________ chatting online with lots of different people involved with the university.

3.It is time that we______________________protecting the environment.

4. He’s never done this type of work before; I’m not sure how he’ll ______________ the other people.

5. Long skirts____________________________ this spring.

6.How long can a human being _________________________sleep?

7. Although the remote Tibetan area of Yunnan was very different from Guangdong, he had no problems _______________________ his new life.

8.This matter is very urgent. Please deal with it _________________________.

下面是对中学生对志愿工作的看法的调查表，请根据下面所给的词汇和短语写一篇英语小短文。

70%的学生赞成参加志愿工作 为社会作贡献，帮助别人是一件很有意义的工作，带来很多个人利益，为日后的工作获得宝贵的技能和经验，为自己创造机遇，增强信心、自觉意识、良好的交际能力和领导才能

25%的学生不愿意从事志愿工作 无报酬，浪费时间，耽误学习

5%的学生无明确态度 漠不关心

make a contribution to , benefit, open up, approve of, no matter how…, worthwhile,

without payment, leadership

Different students have different attitudes toward voluntary work.

70% of the students approve of doing voluntary work. The consider that it can make a contribution to society and it is a worthwhile job to help others. It can also bring personal benefits and will contribute to their future because they can gain valuable experience and skills for their future career. Voluntary work often opens up opportunities for them, build confidence, self-awareness, good communication skills and leadership ability.

25% of the students disapprove of doing voluntary work. They think the work is done without payment and it is a waste of time.

The rest of the students don’t have clear attitude to it , nor do they care about it.

I think each of us should make a contribution to society. No matter how small it is, it will help make a difference.

篇9：人教版 高三 Unit 16 语言点讲解

Unit 16 Finding jobs

1. take off 起飞； 脱下，摘下，迅速流行，换下，终止，取消； 休假，休息，剪掉，切除（人体）；模仿

The plane took off an hour late. 飞机起飞晚了一小时。

Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后歌唱事业迅速起飞。

I’ve decided to take a few days off next week. 我已经决定下周休息几天。

The show was taken off because of poor audience figures. 该剧因不卖座而停演了。

2. accomplish 完成，达到，实现

accomplish finish, complete 区别

1） accomplish经常接task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词。 如：

The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. 探险队在五周内完成了航程。

The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. 计划的第一部分已顺利完成。

2) complete比accomplish具体， 可接简化组，工程，书籍等名词。 指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经进一步的努力使之完成”， 主要涵义是“补足缺少的部分”。 如：

The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼将于本月底完成。

3) finish 在许多情况下可与complete 换用， 但不及complete 正式。 常含有“认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美”的意思。 如

I have to finish writing the book by this weekend. 我得在本周末写完这本书。

3. In touch with 保持联系,了解

One of the students gets in touch with a careers-adviser.

He keeps in touch with me by writing now and then.

They have remained/kept/stayed/been in touch with each other for 20 years.

The net brings us into touch with the things which are happening in the other parts of the world.

He lost touch with his family during the war.

I have been out of touch with my former teacher for 20 years.

4. dreamt of becoming a leading scientist.

She dreamt a terrible dream.

He dreamed that he saw his dead father.

We never dreamed him to be a cheat.

5.He adores the cinema/going to the cinema.

Every time he plays football he is watched by thousands of adoring Becks fans all over the world.

The little girl was adorable.

6. Assist (sb) in/with sth.

Assist sb in doing sth.

The deputy principal assists with many of the duties of the principals.

You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a report.

7. hold back (from sth) 退缩，踌躇，犹豫

hold sb/sth back 阻止，控制，阻碍， 抑制

hold sth back 扣住， 隐瞒

She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.

She held back from telling him what she thought of him.

Jim was able to hold back his anger and avoid fights.

You must tell us the whole story: don’t hold anything back.

What is holding him back is the possibility that the business might not be successful.

8. send off 寄出；发出；派遣；解雇；给……送行 You fill in both parts of the form, then send it off. 你把表格的两部分都填好,然后寄出。 send 有关的常见词组：

send away 发送掉；解雇 send back 退还，送还 send for 派人去请；召唤 send forth发出；放出（光、热等） send out 发送出，派遣；放出，散发出 send up发射；长出

send的用法：1) send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.把某物送给或寄给某人，可以主语派人送，也可以亲自送 Did they send any message by you? 他们托你给我捎了什么信儿了吗？ Can you send me the bill before the end of the month? 你能在月底以前把帐单给我送来吗2) send for sb./ sth. 派人去叫某人 派人去拿某物 Now please send for a taxi. 现在请派人叫出租车来。 Please keep these things until I send for them. 请替我保管这些东西，等我派人来取。

3) send sb./ sth. to运输某人/某物去（某处），派某人去某地 They send their product to Beijing for sale. 他们把产品运往北京销售。 We will send him to America for further study. 我们要送他去美国深造。

4) send sb. to do 派某人去做（某事） We’ll send someone to fetch it. 我们将派人去取。 They will send him to work in the countryside. 他们将派他去农村工作。

5) send sb. doing 使某人做某事(cause sb. to do) Mind how you go---- you nearly sent me flying. 小心点，你差点把我撞倒。 They killed 38 enemies and sent the rest fleeing. 他们打死38个敌人，其余的都逃窜了

9.Nevertheless 虽然 如此 ,然而

She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.

10. Count vi. 有价值；重要；有用

Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。

v.数, 计算, 数；算; 认为；视为；看作

be counted as 被认为

I count him among my closest friends. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。

For tax purposes that the money counts/ is counted as income. 那笔钱算做收入，需要纳税。

to count from 1 to 100 从1数到100

Count these apples. 清点一下这些苹果。

count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣

11. from this point on 从那时起 on one point 曾经，一度

I think I even told you that at one point. 我认为我曾经告诉过你那件事。

At one point she was aware of two nurses speaking about an outing they were planning with their boyfriends. 她一度听见两个护士谈起她们计划与男朋友一起出去。

At one point he turned his head, listening for Emily. 一度，他转过头，听Emily的声音。

时刻，关头，瞬间，阶段

The climber was at / on the point of death when they found him. 当他们发现那个登山者的时候，他已奄奄一息。

We were on the point of giving up.我们当时几乎要放弃了。

At this point I don’t care what you decide to do. 在这个时候，我不在意你怎么做了。

Point n. 论点，观点 （point of view ）地方，标点，尖，

She made several interesting points in the article. 她在文章中提出了几个有趣的观点。

I take your point 我赞同你的看法。

重点，要点 （brief and to the point ）

The point is you shouldn’t have to wait so long to see a doctor. 关键是看病不该等那么长时间。

I wish he would get to the point. 我但愿他快点说正题。

目的

What’s the point of all this violence? 这些暴行的意图何在？

There’s no point in getting angry. 发火是没有用的。

具体细节（或事实）

Here are the main points of the news. 以下是新闻摘要。

Can you explain that point again? 你能在解释一下那一点吗？

vi. point at/to, point out, It is pointed out that…..

12. essential adj. 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的

n. 本质, 实质, 要素, 要点

Food is essential to life. 食物是维持生命不可或缺的。

Food is essential for life. 食物是生命所必需的。

Impartiality is essential to a judge. 公平是当法官所必需的。

Her most essential quality is kindness. 她最主要的品质是厚道。

It is essential to keep the two groups separate 将两组分开是完全必要的。

It is essential that you have some experience.你必须得有经验。

The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. 工作室有基本设施，如暖气装置和水。

the essentials of English grammar 英语语法基础

13. appealing 有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的

Spending the holidays in Britain wasn’t a prospect that I found particularly appealing. 在英国度假对我并不具有吸引力。

‘Would you really help?’ he said with an appealing look. 你真的愿意帮忙吗？他满脸恳求地说。

appealingly adv.: The dog looked up at her appealingly. 狗可怜巴巴地望着他。

Appeal n. 上诉，申诉，感染力，吸引力， 呼吁

an appeal against the 3-match ban 不服禁赛3场令的申诉。

The Beatles have never really lost their appeal. 披头士的感染力经久不衰。

a look of silent appeal默默恳求的目光。

v. appeal to 上诉，申诉； 有吸引力， 引起兴趣；呼吁，

The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. 设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。

Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。

独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。

二、独立主格结构的形式

独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。

1）名词／代词＋形容词

I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry．我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。

He stood silent in the moon-light，his door open．月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。

2）名词／代词＋现在分词

Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

The rain having stopped ，he went out for a walk．雨停了，他出去散步。

3）名词／代词＋过去分词

More time given，we should have done it much better．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

The boy stood there，his right hand raised．那个男生站在那里，右手高举。

4）名词／代词（主格）＋不定式

Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month．这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。

The two boys said good-bye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friend's．两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。

5）名词／代词十介词短语

The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand．那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。

注意：这里，gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand，但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。

6）名词／代词十副词

Nobody in，the thief took a lot of things away．由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。

Lunch over，he left the house．But he was thinking．午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。

7）名词／代词＋名词

He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon．他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。

8）with复合结构

它的构成是：“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。

Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）

He used to sleep with the door open．他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词）

With a boy leading the way，they started towards the village．由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）

With the work done，he went home．工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）

With you to help us，we will finish the task in time．由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）

Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night．夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）

从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。

三、独立主格结构的功能

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

1）表示时间

Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

2）表示条件

The condition being favourable ，he may succeed．若条件有利，他或许能成功。

3）表示原因

There being no taxis，we had to walk．没有出租车，我们只好步行。

4）表示伴随情况

Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all．几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

四、形式选择中应该注意的问题

1）现在分词还是过去分词？

在独立主格结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词。如：Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder．一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained．一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。

在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词

完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard．

现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同，但在独立结构中，有时却有共同之处：现在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词。例如：

As her skirt was caught on a nail，she could not move．

→Her skirt being caught on a nail，she could not move．

→Her skirt caught on a nail，she could not move．

After his work had been finished，he went home．

→His work having been finished，he went home．

→His work finished，he went home．

2）分词结构还是独立结构？

上面的例子告诉我们，独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：

Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles．

不可改为：

He being very tired with his walk，he．．．

但可改为：Being very tired with his walk ，he．．．

比较：判断动名词复合结构的方式

主语位置上，或动词、介词后的“名词代词 + 非谓语动词”，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是"名词 + 定语。请看以下各例：

He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.

A. left B. being left C. leaving D . be left

The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.

A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked

The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.

A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted

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