高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区

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高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区(精选7篇)由网友“bowen168lm”投稿提供,下面是小编为大家整理后的高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区,以供大家参考借鉴!

高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区

篇1:高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区

高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区

(一)对名词数的概念和规则掌握不好

英语中的名词有单数、复数、可数、不可数等形式,其变化形势复杂规则繁多,中学生常常对这些规则的运用不能得心应手,而汉语的名词有没有数的概念,一步强调可数与不可数。如:passer-by →(过路人),woman teachers →(女教师)。有些名词形式上虽然是单数,意义上却是复数。如:police →(警察),cattle→ (牛)。而另一些名词形式上虽然是复数,意义上却是单数。如:news →(消息),works →(著作)等。

(二)冠词的用法相互混淆

虽说英语中只有定冠词和不定冠词,但其用法并非三言两语可以说清,即使掌握一些规律也有不少例外。中国学生对用与不用冠词极其容易混淆。

Can you play the violin?(在于其名词前,用定冠词)

The young has turned writer.(在turn等连系动词后作表语的单数名词前习惯上不加上冠词)

(三)对英语动词的几种形式相互混淆

英语动词是句子的关键。就英语动词分类而言,有及物动词、不及物动词、瞬间动词、延续动词、感官动词、连系动词等,每一类的动词都有各自的用法特征,中国学生常常把不及物动词当做及物动词用,把瞬间动词当做延续动词用。

(误)He has come here for three years.

(正)He has been here for three years.

(误)I have bought the computer for a long time

(正)I have had the computer for a long time

就动词的形式而言,非限定动词的时态和语态也令中国学生头痛,因为有些动词要求后面接动名词作宾语,有些动词要求后面接动词不定式作宾语,还有的两者都可以接。

Would you mind opening the window?

I remember seeing him somewhere before.

Please remember to shut the door.

又如,非谓语动词不仅仅跟句子中的主语有直接的逻辑关系,而且还跟非谓语动词做什么状语有关。

(误)Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

(正)Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

“see” 的主语应该是人,而不是“the city”,因此要用 “see” 的过去分词形式,表示被动。类似这样的错误在学生中是很常见的。

(四)易混淆动词的时态概念和形式

英语动词的时态有16种,常用的也有9种。虽说他们的形式是固定的,但用法是灵活的。因此中国学生常常把某种时态的用法套在另一种时态的用法上。该用过去时态的地方却用过去完成时态代替,该用过去完成时态的地方却过去时态用代替。

(误)I had met him in the street this morning.

(正)I met him in the street this morning.

(误)I thought you finished your homework.

(正)I had thought you finished your homework.

(误)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

(正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

(五)对英语被动语态的形式和用法不能运用自如

汉语中比英语被动语态的使用频率相对来说要少得多。中国学生不习惯用英语被动句。汉语的被动句往往就用一个字就可以决定其被动意思,而英语的被动形式不仅与动词本身的形式有关,而且还与时态、语气以及主语与动词的关系有关。

(误)Australia speaks English.

(正)English is spoken in Australia.

(误)What is to do next?

(正)What is to be done next?

(误)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

(正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

(六)虚拟语气形式的复杂性和用法的灵活性令中国学生感到困惑

(误)I wish I know the answer now.

(正)I wish I knew the answer now.

(误)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

(正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

(误)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

(正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

(七)不用或错用英语连接词

汉语是综合性语言,强调的是“意合”,句语句之间可以不用连词,把种.种关系隐含在上下文中:英语是分析性语言,强调的是“行合”,句语句之间或者是主句和从句之间需要一种方式来表达它们之间的句法关系。

(误)Although he is old, but he works hard.

(正)Although he is old, he works hard.

(误)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

(正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(八)忽视一致性问题

汉语的人称代词和主谓一致问题十分简单,但英语中的人称和主谓一致的问题却比较复杂,令中国学生困惑不已。

(误)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

(正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

注:主语形式上虽为复数,但意义上视为单数,谓语动词应该为单数形式。

(误)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

(正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

注:主语是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此谓语动词应该为单数形式。

(误)The crowd was fighting for their lives.

(正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.

注:主语形式上虽为单数,但意义上视为复数,谓语动词应该为复数形式。

(九)英语从句形式多且表现形式复杂

英语的从句主要有:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等,每种从句都要求用相应的语法形式。因此牵涉到连词、关系代词、关系副词的选择时,中国学生就很容易混淆;在英语表达时,也往往忽视英语中的连词。

1、主语从句

(误)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

(正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

2、表语从句

(误)This is that he want.

(正)This is what he want.

3、定语从句

(误)Everything which he said greatly interested us.

(正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.

4、同位语从句

(误)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

(正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

5、状语从句

(误)However you say , I will not change my mind.

(正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.

篇2:小学英语语法学习误区

只要掌握了语法,记住规律,英语就会变得很简单。来一起看看小学英语语法学习中的常见误区吧。

从语法切入英语学习

1.常见错误操作

很多老师、家长教孩子学英语时,总是先给孩子灌输大量的语法规则,然后再让孩子开口说。这就是典型的从语法切入学英语。且不说成千上万条语法规则有多难记,单有理论而没有实践,孩子学起来吃力,效果也不会好。

2.正确学习顺序

其实在小学英语阶段,正确的学习顺序应该是先会听会说,然后再学习规则。在英语启蒙阶段,持续地输入正确的句子,帮孩子培养出好的语感,即使他没有学过任何语法,也能够脱口而出正确的句子。在有了一定的听力基础,也积累了一些表达之后,我们再来介入语法的学习。

过分重视语法学习

“哑巴英语”可以说是中国学生英语学习的一大悲剧,导致这个悲剧的一大原因就是在我们学英语的时候,老师和家长把英语语法提到了过高的位置。小学英语学习也是一样,千万不要过分跟孩子强调语法。试想一下,我们平时说话的时候,谁会去思考自己说的句子主谓宾定状补是不是都齐全了?还没开口就让孩子检查自己的语法是不是正确,那孩子还敢开口吗?

死记硬背学语法

小学英语语法学习要讲究方式方法,不能一味地要求孩子死记硬背,也不能孤立地进行规则的讲解。除了要注意讲解时的措辞技巧以外,还要调动孩子的积极性,比如进行互动和反馈等。举个例子,在讲到一般现在时和一般过去时这两种时态时,可以分别给出一个句子,让孩子自己去发现这两个句子的区别。当孩子提出疑问的时候,再去讲解相关语法规则,同时注意用语言传递出时间的层次感。

篇3:高中英语语法:常见虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气的概念

虚拟语气包含两种:一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类;even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类;wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望,还是属于这一类。

另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。

二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1.表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句,一律用主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式:

一坚持(主张):insist

二命令:order,command

三要求:require,request,demand

四建议:suggest,advise,propose,recommend

2.表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时,一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。

3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句,其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“要是/但愿…就好了”),其形式主要有三种:表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+一般过去时的宾语从句;表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句;表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+would/could+动词原形。

if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气,其形式与wish的用法一致。

② would rather 后面所跟的宾语从句,其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“宁愿......”),其形式主要有两种:表示对现在/将来情况的虚拟:wish+一般过去时的宾语从句;表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句

三、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+did(be动词用were)

主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+had+done

主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况

从句:①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should+do

③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)

主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do

四、其它从句中的虚拟语气

1.虚拟语气用在状语从句中

① 由as if 或 as though 所引导的方式状浯从句,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下:

② 由 even if 或 even though 所引导的让步状语从句,若从句与事实相反,则从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。

2.虚拟语气用在定语从句中

篇4:如何学习高中英语语法

高中英语语法学习方法

1. 积极主动归纳总结语法规则

英语学习者在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则,不要完全依靠教师或书本的讲解。研究表明,学习者自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。例如动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可作宾语,归纳后可知高中有少数动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语,它们主要是mind, miss, enjoy, admit, avoid, finish, escape, practice等。

2. 要善于从错误中学习

学习者要善于从错误中学习。英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的。学习者一方面不要怕犯错误,应大胆地使用英语;另一方面,要注意纠正错误,从错误中学习。对于教师批改过的作业,一定要仔细看。在口头交际中,不能完全不顾语法,但也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。研究表明,在口头表达中,适度地监控语法的正确性和准确性最有利于提高口语能力。

3. 不要被语法术语困扰

在语法学习中,学习者经常被某些语法术语所困扰。不同的语法书和不同的语法学家经常使用不同的语法术语,这给英语学习者造成不少困难。学习者如果遇到难以理解的语法术语,最好是请教老师,看有没有其他解释。比如有的语法书里使用“名词性从句”、“形容词性从句”等概念。有的学习者难以理解。其实,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句等;形容词性从句一般指定语从句。

4. 注意语法在交际中的使用

学习语法最终是为了在交际中使用语法。在日常交际中,有时会为了尽量快速准确地达到交际效果而放松对语法规则的要求。请看一个例子:电视英语教学片《走遍美国》中有这么一个场景:祖父Malcolm Stewart收到老朋友的一封信,邀请他参加一个聚会。祖父一边看信一边把信的内容念给孙子Robert听。其中有这样一句话:He’s writing to invite me to spend a weekend with him at his farm。很多学生疑问:信都写完了而且已经寄给收信人了,怎么还说“He’s writing to invite me ...”?其实这是口头转述的一种特殊方式,很多英文信都是这样开头的:I’m writing to you to ...。相反,如果写信人这样写:I invite you to spend a weekend ... 或者I have written to invite you to ...,虽然语法上没有问题,但似乎不适合这种情况的交际需要。

5. 要始终记住语法是工具,不是最终目的

阅读中,有的学习者虽然不是有意识地停下来分析句子的语法结构,但他们在潜意识里总是一边读一边“留神”语法。一般来讲,只要明白句子意思就不要去思考语法问题。

高中英语语法速记口诀大全

一、冠词基本用法

【速记口诀】

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,

可数名词单,须用a或an,

辅音前用a,an在元音前,

若为特指时,则须用定冠,

复数不可数,泛指the不见,

碰到代词时,冠词均不现。

【妙语诠释】

冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。

二、名词单数变复数规则

【速记口诀】

单数变复数,规则要记住,

一般加s,特殊有几处。

【妙语诠释】

①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。

三、名词所有格用法

【速记口诀】

名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,

若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,

词尾有s,仅把逗号择;

并列名词后,各自和共有,

前者分别加,后者最后加;

若为无生命词,of所有格,

前后须倒置,此是硬规则。

【妙语诠释】

①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。

四、接不定式作宾语的动词

【速记口诀】

三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝;

设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。

【妙语诠释】

三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise

两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse

设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide

不要假装在选择:petend,choose

篇5:高中英语语法常见的同义词

在学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的25组同义词。

1.路

way:Wherever there is room for an object to proceed,there is a way.

road:A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.

path:A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals.

route:A route is a line of travel,and may be over many roads.

street:A street is in some centre of habitation,as a city town or village,when it passes between houses of dwellings.

avenue:A avenue is a long,broad and imposing(壮严)or principal street.

2.时代(期)

(时期)period:It indicates any passage of time,great or small. /an extent of time of any length.

(时代)time(s):It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time

(新时代)epoch:It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.

The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind.

(纪元)era:It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution

(时期)age:It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age,Iron Age

3.战斗

(打仗)fight:It is a bodily struggle

(奋斗 斗争)struggle:An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty.

(战斗) battle:A fight between armed forces.

(战役) campaign:A series of related military operations in a war.

(战争) war:A period of fight between countries or states when weapons are used and many people are killed.

(对抗) combat:A fight,conflict,controversy.

4.牧师

(教士 牧师)priest:A person,esp. a man specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies,in the Christian church,esp. in the Roman Catholic church

(牧师) minister:A member of clergy,esp. Protestant churches.

(牧师) clergy(pl):The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple.

clergyman:clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.

(牧师) pastor:A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members,esp. in a Protestant church.

(教区牧师) vicar:A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.

father:A little of respect for a priest,esp. in the Roman Catholic.

5.服装

clothing(collect):(fml) General term of clothes.

clothes(no single):Coverings of the body such as coats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.

garment(fl):A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.

costume:1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a people,nation,class,period,etc.

2) A dress worn by actors in a play. uniform:worn by all members of the community.

dress:1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙)。

2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dress

suit:A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suit

coat:A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain,heat,etc.

[高中英语语法常见的同义词]

篇6:高中英语语法名词与常见动词

高中英语语法专题名词

1.可数名词单、复数变化形式

(1)规则变化。

①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:

boy — boys

pen — pens

②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:

glass — glasses

box— boxes

watch — watches

brush — brushes

特例:

stomach — stomachs

③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。

如:

baby — babies

lady — ladies

fly — flies

④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:

tomato — tomatoes

potato — potatoes

hero — heroes

但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如:

radio — radios

zoo — zoos

photo — photos

piano — pianos

kilo — kilos

tobacco — tobaccos

⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”

,之后再加-es。如:

wife — wives

life — lives,

knife — knives,

wolf— wolves,

self — selves,

leaf — leaves等。

特例:

handkerchief— handkerchiefs

roof — roofs

chief — chiefs

gulf — gulfs

belief — beliefs

cliff — cliffs

⑥改变元音字母的。如:

man — men

mouse — mice

foot — feet

woman — women

tooth — teeth

goose — geese

ox — oxen

特例:

child — children

⑦复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:

armchair — armchairs

bookcase — bookcases

bookstore — bookstores

(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:

man doctor — men doctors

woman driver — women drivers

(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如:

brother-in-law — brothers-in-law

passer-by — passers-by

⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如:

zero — zeros 、zeroes

deer —deers 、deer

penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:

pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)。

(2)不规则变化。

①单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,

Japanese, sheep, works(工厂),cattle。

②合成名词的复数。如:

boy-friend — boy-friends

go-between— go-betweens(中间人)

grown-up — grown-ups

③有些名词通常只用作复数。如:

glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富, surroundings环境,ashes灰尘, compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb. 同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高热情地,give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。

④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看做整体,复数看做集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体);The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(个体)。

2、不可数名词的数

(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:

①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:

抽象名词(不可数)

具体化

(个体名词,可数名词)

in surprise惊讶地

a surprise

一件令人惊讶的事

win success获得成功

a success

一个(件)成功的人(事)

win honor赢得荣誉

an honor

一个(件)引以为荣的(事)

Failure(失败)

is the mother of success

a failure失败者

by experience靠经验

an experience一次经历

youth青春

a youth一个青年人

have pity on sb.怜悯某人

a pity可惜的事情

with pleasure乐意

a pleasure乐事

②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:

A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?

It is waste of time reading such a novel.

She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.

(2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:

①物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:

some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料,his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发,glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。

②物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。

have breakfast

The road is covered with snow.

have a wonderful breakfast

They have a heavy snow every year.

Time and tide wait for no man.

We had a wonderful time last night.

(3)有复数形式的不可数名词

①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如:

Use your brains, please.

They have smoothed away the difficulties.

Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?

Many thanks for your kindness.

No pains, no gains.

After many failures, they finally succeeded.

②有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:

The boy burst into tears at the bad news.

The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.

The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.

3.名词所有格

(1)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:

① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s,newspaper, five minutes’

walk(drive),five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’

worth of coffee。

②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如:the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。

(2)“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:

①表示“部分”时,一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词(a、two、several、some、no、many等),如:

Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.

张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。

②表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思时,用:

a friend of Tom’s

汤姆的一个朋友(许多朋友中的一位)。

③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时,应该用:that/this/these/those + 名词(单、复数)of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如:

That invention of hers belongs to the world.

她的那项发明是属于全世界的(表赞赏)。

4、名词作定语

英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。

(1)分类意义。

air pollution 空气污染

boy friend 男朋友

coffee cup咖啡杯

income tax所得税

tennis ball网球

song writer歌曲作家

body language身体语言

road accident交通事故

Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖

(2)时间、地点、称呼等。

Doctor Jack杰克医生

Professor Li李教授

evening school夜校

winter sleep冬眠

street dance 街舞

country music乡村音乐

village people村民

school education学校教育

China problem中国问题

(3)表目的、手段、来源,所属意义。

reception desk接待台

sports field田径场

stone table石桌

color TV彩电

weather report天气预报

可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词

accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事

cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物

cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯

inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)

remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)

rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物

rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西

warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词

blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事

criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事

forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事

scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事

thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事

可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词

cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事

argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事

frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事

persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

篇7:高一的英语语法常见的几个误区与数词语法

高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区

(一)对名词数的概念和规则掌握不好

英语中的名词有单数、复数、可数、不可数等形式,其变化形势复杂规则繁多,中学生常常对这些规则的运用不能得心应手,而汉语的名词有没有数的概念,一步强调可数与不可数。如:passer-by →(过路人),woman teachers →(女教师)。有些名词形式上虽然是单数,意义上却是复数。如:police →(警察),cattle→ (牛)。而另一些名词形式上虽然是复数,意义上却是单数。如:news →(消息),works →(著作)等。

(二)冠词的用法相互混淆

虽说英语中只有定冠词和不定冠词,但其用法并非三言两语可以说清,即使掌握一些规律也有不少例外。中国学生对用与不用冠词极其容易混淆。 Can you play the violin?(在于其名词前,用定冠词)

The young has turned writer.(在turn等连系动词后作表语的单数名词前习惯上不加上冠词)

(三)对英语动词的几种形式相互混淆

英语动词是句子的关键。就英语动词分类而言,有及物动词、不及物动词、瞬间动词、延续动词、感官动词、连系动词等,每一类的动词都有各自的用法特征,中国学生常常把不及物动词当做及物动词用,把瞬间动词当做延续动词用。

(误)He has come here for three years.

(正)He has been here for three years.(误)I have bought the computer for a long time

(正)I have had the computer for a long time

就动词的形式而言,非限定动词的时态和语态也令中国学生头痛,因为有些动词要求后面接动名词作宾语,有些动词要求后面接动词不定式作宾语,还有的两者都可以接。

Would you mind opening the window?

I remember seeing him somewhere before.

Please remember to shut the door.

又如,非谓语动词不仅仅跟句子中的主语有直接的逻辑关系,而且还跟非谓语动词做什么状语有关。

(误)Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

(正)Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

“see” 的主语应该是人,而不是“the city”,因此要用 “see” 的过去分词形式,表示被动。类似这样的错误在学生中是很常见的。

(四)易混淆动词的时态概念和形式

英语动词的时态有16种,常用的也有9种。虽说他们的形式是固定的,但用法是灵活的。因此中国学生常常把某种时态的用法套在另一种时态的用法上。该用过去时态的地方却用过去完成时态代替,该用过去完成时态的地方却过去时态用代替。

(误)I had met him in the street this morning.

(正)I met him in the street this morning.

(误)I thought you finished your homework.

(正)I had thought you finished your homework.

(误)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

(正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

(五)对英语被动语态的形式和用法不能运用自如

汉语中比英语被动语态的使用频率相对来说要少得多。中国学生不习惯用英语被动句。汉语的被动句往往就用一个字就可以决定其被动意思,而英语的被动形式不仅与动词本身的形式有关,而且还与时态、语气以及主语与动词的关系有关。

(误)Australia speaks English.

(正)English is spoken in Australia.

(误)What is to do next?

(正)What is to be done next?

(误)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

(正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

(六)虚拟语气形式的复杂性和用法的灵活性令中国学生感到困惑

(误)I wish I know the answer now.

(正)I wish I knew the answer now.

(误)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

(正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

(误)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

(正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

(七)不用或错用英语连接词

汉语是综合性语言,强调的是“意合”,句语句之间可以不用连词,把种.种关系隐含在上下文中:英语是分析性语言,强调的是“行合”,句语句之间或者是主句和从句之间需要一种方式来表达它们之间的句法关系。

(误)Although he is old, but he works hard.

(正)Although he is old, he works hard.

(误)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

(正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

(八)忽视一致性问题

汉语的人称代词和主谓一致问题十分简单,但英语中的人称和主谓一致的问题却比较复杂,令中国学生困惑不已。

(误)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

(正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

注:主语形式上虽为复数,但意义上视为单数,谓语动词应该为单数形式。

(误)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

(正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

注:主语是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此谓语动词应该为单数形式。

(误)The crowd was fighting for their lives.

(正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.

注:主语形式上虽为单数,但意义上视为复数,谓语动词应该为复数形式。

(九)英语从句形式多且表现形式复杂

英语的从句主要有:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等,每种从句都要求用相应的语法形式。因此牵涉到连词、关系代词、关系副词的选择时,中国学生就很容易混淆;在英语表达时,也往往忽视英语中的连词。

1、主语从句

(误)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

(正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

2、表语从句

(误)This is that he want.

(正)This is what he want.

3、定语从句

(误)Everything which he said greatly interested us.

(正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.

4、同位语从句

(误)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

(正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

5、状语从句

(误)However you say , I will not change my mind.

(正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.

高中英语语法之数词知识点总结

01

基数词

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

1.基数词的构成:

1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;

11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;

20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;

≥ 100

100 a/one hundred;

1,000 a/one thousand;

1,000,000 a/one million;

1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

2. 基数词的用法

1)作主语:

Three will be enough for us.

三个对我们来说就足够了。

Two of the girls are from Tokyo.

这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。

2)作宾语:

Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.

四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。

3)作表语:

The population of China is over 1.3 billion.

中国有十三亿多人口。

I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.

我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。

4)作定语:

We have 300 workers in our company.

我们公司有三百名员工。

Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名学生参加了这次采访。

5)作同位语:

You two clean these seats.

你们两个打扫这些位子。

Have you got tickets for us three?

有我们三个人的票吗?

02

序数词

表示顺序或等级。

1. 序数词的构成:

1-10:first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;

11-19:eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;

20-90:twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;

≥100:

100 hundredth;

1,000 thousandth;

1,000,000 millionth;

1,000,000,000 billionth

2、序数词的用法

1)作主语:

The second is what I really need.

第二个是我真正需要的。

The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.

第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。

2)作宾语:

I got a third in biology.

我生物得到了第三名。

Do you prefer the first or the second?

第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?

3)作表语:

I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you

我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。

Columbus was the first who discovered America.

哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

4)作定语:

I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.

我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。

Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there.

在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。

5)作状语:

He came second in the race.

他在赛跑中得了第二名。

It was a snowy day when we first met.

我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。

3、序数词前冠词的使用

1) 明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。

This is the second time that I have been in London.

这是我第二次来伦敦。

Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.

阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。

2) 表示“又一、再一”,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。

You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?

今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?

I failed again, but I will try a third time.

我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。

3) 序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。

My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.

我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。

Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.

布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。

4) 序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。

This MPV car is a second-hand one.

这辆商务车是二手的。

Habit is second nature.

习惯是第二天性。

5) 序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。

First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.

首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。

6) 序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every 后,其前不用冠词。

every second day 每隔一天

every fifth day 每隔四天

every second line 每隔一行

7) 某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。

first of all 首先

at first 起初

at first sight 乍一看,第一

03

数词的用法

1. 分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。

(分子是1以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。)

1) 真分数通常用英语单词表达。

one-fourth 四分之一

two-fifths 五分之二

a quarter 四分之一

2) 分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用over/by/out of/in 连接。

Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.

二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。

3) 带分数:“整数+ and + 分数部分”。

Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.

周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。

2. 小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。

0.786432 120,372.428

注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。

15.503 读作fifteen point five zero three

0.05 读作zero point zero five

3. 百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接percent或百分号(%),在专业统计或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。

I have invested 40 percent of my income.

我把40%的收入用作投资了。

Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.

农民的收入已经增加了30%。

4、倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍 用twice/double,三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。

1)“倍数 + as many/much … as …”

My deskmate clamed to have twice as many stamps as I.

我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。

This computer costs three times as much as that one.

这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。

2)“倍数 + the size of …”

用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(宽度),age(年龄),length(长度)等。

Our playground is five times the size of theirs.

我们的操场是他们的五倍大。

This street is twice/double the width of that one.

这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。

3)“倍数 + what从句”

The value of the house is double what it was.

这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。

People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。

4)“倍数 + 比较级 + than”

The room is twice larger than ours.

这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。

This ball seats three times more people than that one.

这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。

5)“比较级 + than … + by + 倍数/程度”

The line is longer than that one by twice.

这根线是那根线的两倍长。

The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.

中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。

5、四则运算:

1)加法:在口语中,小数目的加法常用and代表“+”,is 或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is 代表“=”。

7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.

13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.

2) 减法:在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”

“减数 + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”

在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus 代表“—”,equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.

21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.

3) 乘法:在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are 代表“=”。

大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes 代表“=”。

在正式的场合下用multiplied by 代表“×”,equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20 Four fives are twenty

326×238=77588

Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

4) 除法:小数目的除法:用divided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

“被除数 + divided by + 除数 + equals + 商”;“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”

32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.

Four into thirty-two goes eight.

大数目的除法:用divided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27

Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.

6、比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况),但在非专业性的文字中,也可用英语单词的形式。

The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.

七比四写作7:4或7/4。

You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.

你成功的机会只有一半。

7、编号:用基数词时 名词 + 基数词 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…

用序数词时 the + 序数词 + 名词 the First World War

8、年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词 in the 90s;表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词 in one’s twenties

9、约数:

1)表示“大约”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so 表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。

The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.

The man in rags is sixty years old or so.

那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。

Peter is something like thirty.

皮特大约有三十岁。

2)“多于、超过”用more/than/over/above;“少于、不超过”用less than。

She was more than/less than forty when she got married.

她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。

3)其他

半天(小时)half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour

一个半 a day and a half=one and a half days

两天半 two days and a half=two and a half days

一两天……one or two days=a day or two

两三天/周/个苹果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…

三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time

三年五载 from three to five years; in a few years

三三两两 in twos and threes; in knots

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高中英语语法学习常见的几个误区
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