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托福阅读时间把握：做阅读需要多长时间

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托福阅读时间把握：做阅读需要多长时间（精选6篇）由网友“进化中”投稿提供，以下是小编给大家整理的托福阅读时间把握：做阅读需要多长时间，欢迎大家前来参阅。

托福阅读时间把握：做阅读需要多长时间

篇1：托福阅读时间把握做阅读需要多长时间

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间?

一.托福阅读时间把握

一般情况下如果不遇到加试的情况下，你有60分钟来应对3篇700字左右的文章及42道左右的题目。那么如果你按照20分钟一篇文章来解题的话，那么时间刚刚好是60分钟。但是大家需要知道的是托福阅读3篇文章的难易度是不一样的，如果前面的文章偏难一些的话，那么你多些时间后面文章简单一些问题还不大，但如果前面的文章题目较简单你同样是用20分钟，在后面遇到较难的文章和题目的时候就会时间不够用了。

所以这里小站君建议大家在托福阅读考试的时候第一篇阅读做题时最好不要超过20分钟。那么你的时间真的就不够用了，到最后时间快到的时候你后面的题目还没有来得及看只能靠猜了，想想这样的正确率将会大打折扣。

二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目

很多考生都会有这样一个习惯，就是先将托福阅读文章通读一遍，然后再去看题目。这样做并不明智，如果你的阅读水平并不是极高的话，建议大家不要这样做，因为如果你的的阅读水平不够的话，或者词汇量积累不够，很有可能你的阅读文章将耗尽你大部分时间，从而没有时间去看题找答案了。

但是这种方法也不是完全不可取了，如果这篇文章是你曾经读过的，就算你一字一句读也不会浪费太多时间;还有一种就是前面提到的，你的阅读水平极高，可以应付这种阅读文章，否则用这种方法阅读肯定是做不完的。

托福阅读TPO30第1篇:Role of Play in Development

【1】Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance—dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.

【2】Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.

【3】Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.

【4】The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an “enriched” environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an “impoverished” environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.

【5】Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.

【6】Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers.

【7】There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggression. This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. Thus, many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate “what follows is just for play.”

1.According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?

A.Play must be defined with concepts, not examples.

B.Play behavior often looks like nonplay behavior.

C.Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playing.

D.Play occurs independently of an animal's intentions.

2.According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals

A.The delay between activities and the benefits the animal derives from them.

B.The difficulty in determining which animal species play and which do not.

C.The fact that for most animals, there is no clear transition from youth to full adulthood.

D.The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than canids and primates.

3.The word “considerable” in the passage paragraph 3 is closest in the meaning to

A.Initial.

B.Practical.

C.Eventually.

D.Significant.

4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT

A.exposure to predators.

B.a buildup of fat stores.

C.a loss of fuel that could be used for growth.

D.risk of injury from slipping or falling.

5.Why does the author include the comment “though they were fed the same diets”?

A.To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in enriched environments.

B.To eliminate the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed differences in brain weight.

C.To emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them alive.

D.To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food.

6.Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about an animal's brain.

A.The heavier the brain, the richer the environment in which the animal was raised.

B.The younger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.

C.The larger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.

D.The larger the animal's cerebellum, the larger will be the animal's nerve cells.

7.According to paragraph 5, why might play behavior of prey species be different from those of predator species?

A.Unlike predator species, prey species use play to prevent inappropriate social behaviors, such as biting.

B.Some prey species are physically incapable of certain types of predator movements.

C.The survival of each species type is linked to particular sets of muscular movements.

D.Predator species have more opportunities to practice play behaviors than prey species.

8.The word “comparative” in the passage paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to

A.relative.

B.temporary.

C.sufficient.

D.complete.

9.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage paragraph 6 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Only monkeys that have learned to control their selfish and aggressive behaviors can be involved in social groups.

B.Selfish and aggressive animals like monkeys live in groups in order to practice appropriate social behaviors.

C.Monkeys and other social animals need to learn behaviors appropriate for their social groups.

D.Some monkeys are naturally too selfish and aggressive to understand the give-and-take of social groups, so they learn such important behaviors while young.

10.What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the role of adults in play activities of the young?

A.Adults help their young learn to become dominant within the social group.

B.Young animals learn how to play from the adults within their social group.

C.Adults allow the young to engage in play behaviors within a protected, sage environment.

D.The long developmental period of some animals allows adults more time to teach their young how to deal with the threats of predators.

11.The word “potentially” in the passage paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to

A.undoubtedly.

B.possibly.

C.unfortunately.

D.quickly.

12.According to paragraph 7, how do some animals ensure that other animals understand that they are just playing?

A.By playing only with animals who are not predator.

B.By avoiding any aspects of the play behavior that are dangerous.

C.By practicing non-aggressive and non-predatory behaviors.

D.By using a set of signals that occurs only in play.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? With messages such as those, even dogs that are strangers to each other can be playing within a few minutes.

There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggression. ■【A】This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. ■【B】Thus,many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. ■【C】Dogs, forexample, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate “what follows is just for play.” ■【D】

14. Directions: an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary be selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals.

A.Although play often resembles aggression, flight, or other purposeful activities, researchers do not degree on the reasons for and functions of play

B.Although many animals develop physically from play, too many young animals become victims of their natural predators while playing.

C.Animals such as rats, dogs, deer, goats and monkeys learn how to be both dominant and submissive during play activities so that they will fit in better with their adult social groups.

D.The function of play is still debated in the research literature primarily because each animal species uses so few of the many available types of play behavior.

E.Energy expenditure and security risks are some of the costs to animals of play behavior, but the costs are not so great that they outweigh the long-term benefits of play to the species.

F.As experiments and observations have shown, animals that play at some stages of their development obtain neurological, muscular, or social benefits from the play behaviors.

托福阅读答案

1.原文中，同样的behavior会同时发生在play和其他一些非play的情况中，所以B正确。A与原文第一句矛盾。C选项没有提到。D选项与原文第一段最后一句矛盾。

2.看第二段的最后两句。倒数第二句说动物玩耍的原因仍然在被debating，后面说确定玩耍的作用(function)非常难，那也就对应了原题的challenge。Because后面出现了原因，说这些function是长期的，其beneficial要到动物成年才出现。所以跟A选项吻痕。B、C选项原文没提到。D选项也和问题无关。

3.Considerable：重要的，值得考虑的。选项A是最初的，B是实用的，C是最终的，D是重大的，有意义的。所以D符合，另外后文提到了各种cost和loss。所以可以理解considerable cost可以理解为一定量的损失或者风险。

4.从Therefore开始后面的都是potential cost。三种cost已经用红色字体标出。B选项看似提到了，但是原文是说失去了fat store的机会，而不是因为play而build up了。所以B错。

5.这里提到的试验的结果。前面从in one research of study开始描述这个试验，提到了两个对比组，under different conditions。后面是在说结果，括号里面的内容是对结论的解释说明。A,C,D三个选项一点儿都不沾边。只要高中学过一点数理化就知道这个是控制变量的试验，所以答案选B。

6.原文中从other studies 开始有描述了另外的观点。说greater stimulation不仅会影响大脑的大小，也会增加神经细胞间的连接的数量，而这个stimulation是由active play提供的。根据上文，环境越复杂，active play就越多，因此stimulation就越多，导致动物的大脑更大，也就更重。所以A选项符合这个观点。BCD都没提到。

7.这道题的关键词在于needed for survival。因为prey species和predator species对于survival的要求不同，所以导致他们play behavior也不同。所以选C。 A，B，D原文都没提到。

8.comparative是相对的，相当的。A是相对的;B是暂时的;C是充足的;D是完成的。所以选择A。这里C可能会是迷惑选项，因为其意思带入原文也通顺，但是失去了原词的“比较”的那层意思。

9.这道题中的原句主干是learning social behavior is important，特别是对于群居的动物。然后用了monkey做例证。A选项只提到了monkeys要控制自己才能融入群体，但没提到主干部分。 B选项说自私和攻击性强的动物药学social behavior，这就把其他动物排除在外了，改变了原句的意思。C正确，不仅提到了monkey也说到了其他的social animals(which means species that live in groups)为了融入群体要学social behavior。 D是错误选项，原文并没说猴子太自私以至于不能理解give and take…与原文矛盾，不选。

10.根据young & adult定位到第六段第一句。说成年动物要让年轻的动物在相对安全的环境下玩儿。因此可以得到答案C正确。A原文没有说让young去学怎么dominant，B原文虽然提到social group 但没提到是从adults身上学习。D原文完全没有相关描写。

11.potentially潜在地。A市毫无疑问地; B是可能地;C是不幸地;D是快速地。前半句中有May be，表达了一中可能性，后半句没有转折，应该是接上上半句往下说的。所以意思应该想近。

12.这一段前半部分一直在描述说有动物之间会误以为是真的aggression，中间出现了thus证明后面会说解决的方法。这里说解决方法是用clear signals 去表达playfulness。所以答案是D。

13.要插入的句子开头为With message such as those，那么说明前面肯定会描述一些messages，后面又说even dogs，那证明前面应该也提到了狗的行为。所以这里应该插在最后一个空里。

14.选项A对应在原文第一段，提到play的行为包括了running，climbing，fighting等等aggression的行为，但是很难确定其function所以A正确。E对应原文第三段，potential cost提到了loss of energy，security risks等等，但是第一段也提到说play是long-term beneficial的，第四段开头说好处一定会outweigh其costs。B这个原文没有提到，虽然第三段提到了potential cost，后面也说adults通常会让young在相对安全的情况下play，但并没有说太多太多的小动物变成了victims。不选。C这个原文虽然说他们要学social behavior，但没提到说这类动物要学着去dominant，不选。D选项对应原文第一段，但选项中的原因和原文不符，不选。E对应原文第三段，potential cost提到了loss of energy，security risks等等，但是第一段也提到说play是long-term beneficial的，第四段开头说好处一定会outweigh其costs。F选项对应原文第四，五段。第四段说play会影响大脑发育，神经细胞间连接的数量。第五段说到了有益于muscle tissue的发育。后文第六段也提到了social Benefits。

托福阅读译文

【1】用例证来定义玩耍要比用概念简单得多。在任何情况下，动物间的玩耍都包括跳跃，奔跑，攀登，投掷，格斗和另外的一些动作，而玩耍的对象可能有其它物品或者动物。根据物种的不同，玩耍的目的主要包括社交，锻炼，或探索。定义“玩耍”的难点之一是，玩耍过程中常常包含一些与其它情况下相似的行为，例如统治，捕食，竞争和搏斗。因此，判断其是否玩耍，要根据动物的目的来确认，而常常通过行为本身很难分析其目的。

【2】玩耍似乎是那些有着相对复杂的神经系统的动物，主要是鸟类和哺乳动物，的一个发育，发展的特征。玩耍的大量研究主要在灵长类和犬类中进行。动物到底为什么要玩耍仍然在文献中存在争议，并且每种物种玩耍的原因也不尽相同。确定玩耍的功能很难，因为它的功能是长期的，伴随着一些直到动物成年才会显现出来的有利影响。

【3】玩耍对于动物个体并非没有一定的代价。玩耍通常是非常活跃的，包括一些动作，有时也会发出声音。所以，这些都会导致一些年幼的动物的本来可以用来生长或者储存脂肪的能量流失。另一个潜在的代价是玩耍增加了动物暴漏给天敌的几率，因为这些多动是吸引注意的行为。大量的运动也会增加摔倒滑倒导致受伤的危险。

【4】根据达尔文理论，玩耍的好处一定超过其损失，不然玩耍就不会得以进化。其中一些潜在的好处就是直接关于动物的大脑和神经系统的健康发展。在一项研究中，两组小鼠被养在不同的环境中。第一组成长在一个比较“富裕”的环境中，这样的环境使其可以与其他老鼠接触，和玩具玩儿，并且接受迷宫训练。另一组生活在“穷困”的环境中，它们被养在独立笼子里，只有微弱的光照和极少的刺激。最后，结果表明生活在单一环境中的老鼠的大脑重量要比生活在复杂情况下的老鼠的大脑轻(即使它们被喂养的食物一样的)。另外一些研究表明，较大的刺激不仅会影响大脑的大小，而且也会增加神经细胞间连接的数量。因此，活跃的玩耍可以为大脑中的突触连接提供必要的刺激，特别是负责运动机能的小脑。

【5】玩耍也会刺激肌肉组织的生长，并能提供练习生存技能的机会。被捕食者，比如小鹿或者山羊，其典型的玩耍动作就是突然快速跳跃和转弯，相反捕食者，比如猫科动物，则练习潜行追踪，猛扑和撕咬。

【6】玩耍有助于幼年动物探索其生存环境，并且由于周围的成年动物一般不期望孩子去处理威胁和捕食者，所以它们可以在相对安全的环境中练习技能。玩耍也可以练习求爱和交配的社交行为。学习适当的社交行为特别重要，尤其是对于群居动物，比如猴子，它们需要学会控制自己的自私和攻击性，学着去懂得付出和收获的关系以融入群体。它们要学习怎么去统治和顺从因为每只猴子都会在将来扮演其中某个角色。大部分这类事情都在灵长类的长期的幼龄时期学习，期间它们有数不清的玩耍经验。

【7】当然玩耍也有危险。玩耍可能会被别的动物误会，或者不被当做玩耍而潜在地造成攻击。这个情况尤其在扮演练习正常的侵略性或捕食行为过程中。因此，许多物种都有其明确的表明玩耍的信号。比如狗，它们用会摇尾巴，前腿趴下，撅着屁股来表示“以下行为都是逗你玩儿的!”

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间

篇2：托福阅读时间把握：做阅读需要多长时间

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间?

一.托福阅读时间把握

所以这里建议大家在托福阅读考试的时候第一篇阅读做题时最好不要超过20分钟。那么你的时间真的就不够用了，到最后时间快到的时候你后面的题目还没有来得及看只能靠猜了，想想这样的正确率将会大打折扣。

二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目

托福词汇：与电影相关的托福单词

电影

animated cartoon

卡通片

cartoon

卡通片

cast

演员表;全体演员

close-up

特写镜头

director

导演

documentary

纪录片

illumination

照明

light effect

灯光效果

review

试演

script

电影剧本

theme song

主题歌

托福词汇：考古学专业分类词汇

archaeology

考古学

ancestor

祖先

ancient civilization

古代文明

origin

起源

originate

起源于

anthropology

人类学

paleo-anthropology

古人类学

artifact

人造物品;手工艺品

antique

古物，古董

antiquity

古代，古老

relic

遗物，文物

clan

氏族;部落

tribe

部落

cluster

丛生,群聚

dinosaur

恐龙

paleontology

古生物学

prehistoric

史前的

excavate (unearth)

挖掘

hominid

原始人类，人(科)

Bronze Age

(青)铜器时代

Iron Age

铁器时代

Neolithic Age

新石器时代

Neolithic

新石器时代的

Mesolithic

中石器时代的

Stone Age

石器时代

Paleolithic Age

旧石器时代

Rock painting

岩画

remains

遗迹，遗骸

ruins

遗迹，废墟

skull

颅骨;头盖骨

fossil

化石

托福词汇：与农业相关的托福单词

农业

agriculture(farming)

agrarian

土地的，农业的

agricultural

农业的

aquaculture

水产养殖

clay

黏土，湿土

clod

土块

corn

玉米

cotton

棉花

cultivate (till)

耕作

dairy (dairy cattle)

奶牛

grain (cereal)

谷物，谷粒

greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed)

温室

harvest

收割

hay

(作饲料用)干草

insecticide(pesticide)

杀虫剂

irrigate

灌溉

land (soil)

土壤;土地

livestock

家畜

manure(fertilizer)

肥料

pasture

牧场

pea

豌豆

pest

害虫

plantation

种植园

roost (hen house)

鸡舍

soil erosion

泥土流失

sow(seed)

播种

soybean

大豆

spray

喷洒(农药)

stable

厩，马厩

tomato

西红柿

weed

除草

wheat

小麦

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间

篇3：托福阅读时间把握做阅读需要多长时间

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间?

一.托福阅读时间把握

二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目

新托福阅读背景知识：初识芭蕾

初识芭蕾

芭蕾(Ballet)一词，源自意大利文Ballard，意思就是跳舞，专指“足尖舞”，是欧洲古典舞蹈的一种形式。在其发展过程中，因常以这种舞蹈来叙述表演故事，而逐渐形成了一种特殊的演出形式。1772年，查理·狄德罗(Charles Diderot)在法国大百科全书中说:“芭蕾系用跳舞解释行动……特别要求剧场性的赏心悦目……”。帕鲁金尼(Perugino)更详细地叙述说：“芭蕾是由一位编导，运用连带哑剧的一系列独舞和群众，附加音乐和布景，去表现一种诗情画意，或一连串概念，或一个故事化的情节。”芭蕾这种舞蹈形式一直发展到今天，形成了完整的舞剧艺术。

对于中国观众来说，芭蕾并不陌生，尤其近些年来，芭蕾受到了越来越多的观注，一股“芭蕾热”已经在几座大城市悄然兴起。的“中国歌剧舞剧年”可以说是热闹非凡，各个中外演出团体为广大观众献上了一台又一台精彩的演出，真是“你方唱罢我登场”。从通俗的《天鹅湖》到浪漫的《吉赛尔》，从“拉丁味”的《堂·吉诃德》到充满海

新托福阅读背景知识：芭蕾溯源

芭蕾溯源

芭蕾艺术孕育在意大利，诞生在十七世纪后期路易十四的法国宫廷，十八世纪在法国日臻完美，到十九世纪末期，在俄罗斯进入最繁荣的时期。芭蕾在近四百年的长期历史发展过程中，对世界各国影响很大,流传极广，至今已成为世界各国都努力发展的一种艺术形式了。

芭蕾的历史，最早的起始可追溯自欧洲文洲文艺复兴鼎盛时期的意大利宫廷，及法国南部的贝根弟地方的宫廷里。每当结婚喜庆，接见外国元首，或其他大庆典，即表演这种舞蹈以示祝或助兴。芭蕾发展史上第一部比较完整的芭蕾舞剧——《皇后喜剧芭蕾》上演于1581年，当洛蕾娜(Lorraine)的玛格丽特小姐和凡尔赛(Versailles)的姚幼斯公爵结婚之时，这场芭蕾舞的音乐乐谱迄今仍保存，可算是最古老的芭蕾音乐。

芭蕾至路易十四皇朝(1643—1715)时代而臻极盛，路易十四本人是一位卓绝的舞蹈家，且喜爱芭蕾表演。1661年，路易十四创立了历史上第一所舞蹈学校——法国皇家舞蹈学院，专门教授舞艺。这所学校现在属于巴黎歌剧院。而沿用至今的手脚的五个位置和一些优美的芭蕾舞姿则是17在这里得到固定的。在皇家舞艺大师博尚(Beauchamp)和音乐家贝弗(Cambior)及吕利(Lully)的大力提倡下，法国芭蕾舞在文化和音乐上的重要性大增。于是芭蕾变成了许多新的宫廷舞的来源;诸如:加沃特舞曲(Gavotte)、巴斯皮耶舞曲(Passepied)、布雷舞曲(Bore)、里戈东舞曲(Riga don)等。在这些舞曲之中，最重要的要算小步舞曲(Minuet)，吕利于1653年，开始参加法国宫廷的芭蕾活动，而达到高潮。他当时正与莫利哀(Moliere)合力制作戏剧和芭蕾混成的所谓芭蕾喜剧(Comedies Ballet)。1760年发表的《小绅士》(Le Bourgeois Gentlewomen)，可算是这类舞剧最著名的代表作。吕利又把芭蕾应用于他所作的歌剧中，他的两位后继者康普拉(Camera)和拉莫(Rameau)也如法炮制。尤其是拉莫的作品，因夹杂有墨西哥、健康和中国等的外国情调而更富风趣。这当然和他的个性与背景有关。英国方面又创造一种特殊的芭蕾，名之曰“假面舞”(Masque)。到了17世纪后半期，维也纳已成为芭蕾演出的中心。然而当时欧洲芭蕾舞正处在“传统”与“革新”的争论，“严格”与“抒情”间的争论，“纯粹舞艺”与“标题舞艺”的争论，以及“芭蕾”与“近代舞”间的争论中。这些观念在20世纪的今天，多多少少还有它的余波，时而争论不休。

从1789年开始，出现了《关不住的女儿》等一批早期(又称前浪漫时期)芭蕾舞剧的代表作。而到了19世纪，先后在巴黎出现了“浪漫芭蕾”这个芭蕾史上的黄金时代，推出了以《仙女》(1832)、《吉赛尔》(1841)和《葛蓓莉娅》(1870)为代表的传世之作，然后在俄国进入“古典芭蕾”这个整部芭蕾史上的鼎盛时期，留下了以《睡美人》(1890)、《胡桃夹子》(1892)和《天鹅湖》(1895)这“三大舞剧”为首的一大批经典剧目，从而促使人们形成了“舞剧乃舞蹈的最高形式”的观念。这种观念直到20世纪先后诞生出“现代芭蕾”和“当代芭蕾”之后，尤其是舞蹈开始走出“非舞蹈”的误区，竭力回归动作本体，以美籍俄国芭蕾大师乔治·巴兰钦(1904—1983)为首的“纯芭蕾”(即非舞剧式的芭蕾作品，又称“新古典芭蕾”)开始占领主导地位以来，才结束了戏剧芭蕾一统天下的局面。世所公认的一流古典芭蕾舞团有七个：前苏联的基洛夫芭蕾舞团和莫斯科大剧院芭蕾舞团，美国的纽约市芭蕾舞团和美国芭蕾舞剧院，英国的皇家芭蕾舞团，法国巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团和丹麦皇家芭蕾舞团。当代芭蕾呈现出空前的普及和繁荣，代表性人物和团体为捷克人伊日·基里安(1947— )和他的荷兰舞蹈剧院以及美国人威廉·福赛特(1949— )和他的德国法兰克福芭蕾舞团。

新托福阅读背景知识：脚尖的艺术

脚尖的艺术

从运动的实际需要来看，脚尖鞋的发明能够将舞者身体的重量支撑“面”经过若干倍的缩小后变成支撑“点”，从而有效地减小与地面的摩擦力，提高旋转的速度，造成风驰电掣的效果、超凡脱俗的幻觉，进而更好地为仙凡之恋这类虚幻的芭蕾题材服务。

从芭蕾的本体美学来说，正是脚尖鞋的使用和脚尖舞的技术使芭蕾与其他种类的舞蹈区别开来。当然这种区别主要只是对女舞者而言的。与民间舞和现代舞相对而言，芭蕾作为一种高贵的西文古典舞，与日常生活的距离是最远的。而在生活与艺术这条从标线上，它是最为艺术化的一种舞蹈。

从内容与形式的统一来讲，芭蕾的动作语言作为一种离生活最远的舞蹈形式，最适合表现那种可望而不可及的仙凡之恋的内容，从而完成了形式与内容的高度统一。

从芭蕾的审美理想来说，脚尖鞋的使用能够将原本修长的舞者肢体线条进一步拉长，以延伸这种特定的美感，增强了对空间的冲击力，扩大对空间的占有量，并远远超出人体通常解剖结构的比例，加大芭蕾艺术与日常生活的距离，形象生动地体现出“距离即美”的古典美学原则。

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间

篇4：托福阅读做阅读需要多长时间

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间?

一.托福阅读时间把握

二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目

托福阅读五大类题型应区别对待

考托路上的广大“童鞋”们，一定非常关心托福考试的相关内容，除了平时的词汇复习，大家更也同样在寻找着相关解题技巧，而托福阅读解题技巧是考生们在备考托福考试的时候要做的准备之一。下面新东方托福网就为广大考生分享托福阅读解题技巧：如何区别对待托福阅读的五类题目。

1、主旨题

主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，所以这道托福阅读题的解题技巧就是放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。

2、列举题

列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归托福阅读文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。

这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。

3、文章结论题

文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题的解题技巧应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。

4、作者态度题

作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇托福阅读文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。这种题的托福阅读题的解题技巧是考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。

局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。

5、文章推断预测题

文章结构题三种：A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。

首先，读文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面，“下文”将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。所以我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题，即竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。

至于文章的组织结构题，只需要读文章每段首句即可，因为这些句子是文章框架。

短期内提升托福阅读分数的秘诀

新托福阅读主要考察了考生的阅读理解能力和对文章结构逻辑的把握，另外对阅读面和词汇量也有着一定的要求。所以专家建议新托福考生要多积累词汇，并加强词汇的熟悉程度，进一步巩固阅读基础，尤其应在理解阅读文章的基础上着重思考出题意图，针对每道题的选项设置分析并回归原文，确定答案，多做泛读，加强阅读方面的语感。具体的新托福阅读备考建议，请看新东方托福网的解析!

一、首先就是要集中精力解决掉词汇量不足的问题!要想在短期内提升阅读能力，新东方托福网建议考生先巩固基础词汇再提升。很多同学没有对自己进行一个合理的词汇量测试，就贸然地开始默背红宝书，最后发现阅读成绩依然不理想，这是因为很多考生过于将它神话，忽略了基础单词的巩固。因此建议考生先确定自己的基础词汇不成障碍之后再进行红宝词汇的巩固，相信只要集中精力，词汇量是在短期内最容易解决的一个问题。

二、其次是大量的阅读练习!大部分考生虽然对单词有了认识，但是不会有机的排列组合，尤其对应英语类的文章不知道哪里断句，不知道哪部分是插入语，只知道按照文中单词的顺序排列组合下来形成一句自己完全读不懂的语言。所以，建议考生能够把学过的句型进行大量的句型训练，训练久了自然对文章的句子一目了然。

三、全面理解文章内容!主要针对读懂文章但不会做题的学生，因为在OG中明确地告诉我们托福阅读的题目总共有十个题型，托福毕竟是一门考试。所以，除了要打好语言基础外更要学会如何将自己夯实的基础发挥得淋漓尽致。这就要求考生平时将各个题型的突破点进行大量训练，学会揣摩作者的出题意图。

在新托福备考中，不少人喜欢做托福阅读真题和托福阅读tpo，另外还有大量的托福阅读材料。事实上不少考生也都考出了好的成绩。但新托福阅读考试主要还是集中在词汇和阅读面的拓宽上，只有一定量的词汇和较广的阅读面才能在阅读考试中不陌生，也才能避免在拿到文章时不产生第一次见的尴尬情况。

托福阅读提升有妙招：谨记三字要诀

在托福备考过程中，阅读对很多学生来说往往是最先想要攻克的一个环节。但是，新东方托福网想要提醒大家的就是，突破闯入托福阅读的门槛并不是件难事，但是想要冲到高分却还是要经过一番努力的。下面就为大家介绍一下，托福阅读中的三字提分要诀。

“直”

在这里所说的直，也就是让学生能够领会到在托福文章中出题的思路。对于托福阅读来时，并不像我们曾经参与过的高考等考试一样，基本所有答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。在答题过程中，我们也要学会领会老外的思维逻辑，不要刻意将题目想的过于复杂化。

“细”

我们说到的直接和回归原文，当然也不是说让大家粗心大意的就这么把文章过一遍。对于文章的关键词和原文定位我们还是要讲求直接和细心的。我们知道，考生在解答托福阅读题时，最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

“巧”

我们在对于托福的解答过程中，找定位词也不能过于的盲目，最重要的还是一个巧字。对于关键字的定位，我们只有找到正确的方面才能提高答题效率和准确性。比如，阅读文章中考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。

篇5：托福阅读做阅读需要多长时间呢

托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间?

一.托福阅读时间把握

二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目

托福阅读真题原题+题目

During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The surge often progresses along a glacier like a great wave, proceeding from one section to another. Subglacial streams of meltwater might act as a lubricant, allowing the glacier to flow rapidly toward the sea. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. However, many of these glaciers exist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side.

Some 800 years ago, Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since 1895, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing steadily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of approximately 200 feet per year. In June 1986, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to 112 feet a day. Hubbard's surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice dam, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south.

About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off the seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth's albedo and lower global temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial (the time between glacations), called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatically, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age.

1. What is the main topic of the passage ?

(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers

(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers

(D) The history of a particular surge glacier

2. The word intervals in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) records

(B) speeds

(D) periods

3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a

(A) fish

(B) wave

(D) boat

4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?

(A) The decline in sea levels

(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves

(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier

5. The word freeing in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) pushing

(B) releasing

(D) draining

6. According to the passage , the Hubbard Glacier

(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier

(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895

(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day

7. Yakutat is the name of

(A) an Alaskan town

(B) the last ice age

(D) an Antarctic ice shelf

8. The word plunge in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) drop

(B) extend

(D) drift

9. The term vicious cycle in line 24 refers to the

(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers

(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas

(D) constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska

10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?

(A) tributary (line 15)

(B) ice dam (line 16)

(D) interglacial(line 26)

11. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented.

(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge glaciers.

(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth's climate.

PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B

The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society's activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the Industry of All Nations section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York.

The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in 1856 — the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson, published in 1802 and by the 1850's long out of print.

In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.

1. This passage is mainly about

(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800's

(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800's

(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800's

2. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because

(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society

(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City

(D) The first book on watercolor painting was published

3. The word securing in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) locking

(B) creating

(D) acquiring

4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting in

Watercolor EXCEPT:

(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan.

(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society

(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members.

5. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in

Watercolor was significant for which of the following reasons?

(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor.

(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source.

(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society.

6. The word it in line 15 refers to

(A) time

(B) group

(D) studio

7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850's?

(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization.

(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition space.

Colors.

(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds

of artists.

8. Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it

(A) received an important reward

(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting

(D) attracted the interest of art collectors

9. The word considerable in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) sensitive

(B) great

(D) planned

10. The year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?

(A) Elements of Graphic Art was republished.

(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly exhibited.

(D) The National Academy of Design held an exhibition of watercolor paintings.

11. The word prominent in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) wealthy

(B) local

(D) organized

PASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C

托福阅读做一篇阅读需要多长时间

篇6：托福阅读如何把握时间

托福考试时间有限，大家在做阅读题的时候要注意把握时间。下面给大家分享一些技巧。

托福阅读答题时要注意把握节奏

托福的口语考试部分的第三题和第四题要求考生首先在45秒钟内读完100字左右长度的单一段落，今天我们讨论一下如何掌握托福口语考试中的阅读节奏。下面和小编一起来看看吧：

我们有时会担心，阅读速度的加快会影响阅读理解的准确率，其实这是一种误解。当然，盲目追求阅读速度必然要影响阅读理解的质量。我们应该做的是掌握正确的阅读节奏：“根据快和慢两种速度交替而成的节奏来变化自己的阅读速度。” 唱歌因韵律节奏而动听，说话因轻重缓急而悦耳，阅读也是一样，快慢相间的阅读速度才能收到良好的阅读效果。

我们知道，句子是由词组成的，但同一句中的各个词的分量不尽相同，有的起着关键的作用;段落是由句子构成的，然而同一段落中的各个句子的分量也是不尽相同的，有的是关键句、核心句，有的则起着辅助说明的作用，为阐述中心思想而服务。这些关键词、关键句表达的正是段落的重要信息，抓住了它们就等于抓住了段落的核心，就知道了什么地方应该加快速度，什么地方应该放慢速度，当然也就掌握了阅读节奏。

一般而言，对于关键词和关键句应该慢读，做到充分理解，牢牢把握;而对非关键词和非关键句应加快阅读速度，抢出时间，用以反复阅读重点句或归纳总结。请看下面的示例：

例1：阅读下面的段落：

A lot of people think that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society, but anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seems so ordinary that the people in the society think they are not significant.

阅读此句，我们不难找到一些关键词，如：cultural anthropology, the special and strange aspects of life, but, anthropologists, interested, ordinary, significant。这些关键词反映了此句的主要信息：“许多人认为文化人类学就是研究特殊而奇怪的社会现象，但人类学家有时还对一些人们认为不重要的、看起来很普通的生活现象感兴趣。”通过分析关键词，我们又发现“but”这个具有转折意义的连接词向我们显示了此句的后半句才是整个句子的核心部分，它提示我们阅读时应更加留心阅读后半句的关键词，提炼关键信息。因此，我们可以很肯定地确认此句最重要的意义应该是： “Anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life so ordinary that people don’t think they are significant.” 并且也可以很肯定地预测，如有下文，也一定是就后半句所反映的核心信息继续论述，而不是前半句的。这样，在阅读时，我们就会把目光把注意力更加有目的地集中在后半句的关键词上，而对那些附加修饰、说明的部分，如：修饰people的a lot of 、in the society就可以快速阅读，甚至略去不读，因为它不影响我们对中心意思的理解与把握。

例2：阅读下面的段落：

Smell and Memory

Scientists are producing an increasing number of findings on the links between smell and memory. The most prominent scientist in this field is Dr. Alan Hirsch, a US neurologist who specializes in the treatment of patients who have lost their sense of smell or taste. He believes that the memories that certain smells bring back to people are not actually as important as the emotions that are associated with the smells. He also argues that our minds filter these emotions in a positive way, making past times seem better than they perhaps were.

我们注意到这个段落的题目是“Smell and Memory”，我们还知道题目是中心思想的反映。据此，我们可以得知本段主要论述的应是 smell and memory之间的联系，由此找到了关键词语“the links between smell and memory”(在段首)，而能说明它们之间关系的句子又是最后一句。所以，这个段落的核心信息是： “Some smells remind us of a previous thing in a way that is better than the real experience.” 由此判定，本段的首尾都需细心地、稍慢地阅读，而对“最著名的;专门治疗何种病人的”这样相对次要的句子就可以加快阅读速度。

以上就是天道小编对托福阅读答题时注意把握节奏讲解，希望对同学们的托福考试有所帮助。考生在托福阅读考试备考的时候一定要事先了解一下类似的问题，这样能够给大家的备考带来不小的帮助。

高中生托福阅读提分：速度+ 技巧

阅读是大部分中国考生的强项，但取得满分也实非易事。托福阅读考试严格限时，在20 分钟内读完一篇冗长的文章还要答完题，对大多数高中生来说非常困难。在平时训练的时候我们就要严格限时，培养略读、跳读的能力，练习精确概括主旨，准确定位细节的能力，要根据主旨题、推断题、词汇题等不同题型，灵活运用不同的答题技巧，定位到准确段落找到答题的依据，并学会识别常见迷惑选项。

高中生的知识面有限，而托福考试所模拟的是北美大学校园的真实学术环境，天文、地质地理、生物、心理、经济、艺术等各类学科文章都有可能出现，除了专业词汇多，涉及的背景知识也很复杂，比如生物钟、DNA、心理学认知实验等，扩大课外阅读量对高中生来说既可以弥补专业知识不足，又能够增加词汇。新东方有很多阅读获得满分的成功案例，这些高中生总结起来都有一个特点，就是课外阅读量大：除了英文小说，科学60 秒等传统资源，我平时还要求学生坚持在iTunes U 里同步学习一流美国大学公开课(Open Course)，比如哈佛大学的《博弈论》(Game Theory)，也会要求学生看Times、NPR等媒体的官网浏览新闻，并浏览Discovery关于行星形成、生物演化等和托福话题相关的专题纪录片，这样的课外学习不仅是有趣的，也是有用的，而且还免费。需要注意的是，即便是看美剧，遇到不懂的单词也要停下来查出来，并记在专门的本子上，不断积累总结。 (本文节选自《2013托福年度报告》)

影响托福阅读速度的6大恶习与提高方法

影响托福阅读速度的6大恶习：

1、逐字阅读 ---应该采用意群阅读法。

2、回读 ----阅读讲究一气呵成，不要遇到生词，难点就又从头读。容易割裂句子之间的语义关系。

3、指读。用手，笔指着书一行行读。

4、出声阅读。

5、晃头读。

6、心译。

提高托福阅读速度的4大方法：

方法一：快速泛读(fastextensive reading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。

方法二：计时阅读(timed reading)