初、高中英语教学衔接浅谈(人教版高一)

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初、高中英语教学衔接浅谈(人教版高一)

篇1:初、高中英语教学衔接浅谈(人教版高一)

摘要:在英语教学中,初、高中的教学衔接一直是个大问题。英语教学的初高中衔接的好坏对学生高中阶段的学习有很大的影响,甚至对学生一生的英语学习都有着举足轻重的作用。因此,对英语教学的初高中衔接必须予以重视并及时切实地抓好.

关键词:初、高中英语 教学衔接

在我校进行的一次高一年英语教学适应性调查中发现,不少高一新生入学时对英语学习充满信心。可不用多久,部分学生入学时的新鲜感全无,斗志锐减。于是,这部分学生开始怀疑起自己的能力,并继而产生消极的学习情绪,有时甚至对其他学科产生相应的负面影响。如何使高一学生走出英语学习的困境,用积极的心态去面对高中三年的英语学习呢?笔者认为,作为高一年级的英语教师,必须注意做好下面这几个方面的工作,从而使初、高中英语教学有机地衔接起来,帮助学生在基础阶段形成良好的学习方法和乐观的学习态度,以达到最佳学习效果。

一、贯通两个教材。

迅速贯通初、高中教材。这是搞好初、高中英语教学衔接的基础。目前,江苏省高中都使用了牛津英语,这样教材编排的一致性给我们高中英语教学,特别是高一年级的教学衔接带来了极大的方便。如:中英合编的高初中英语教材,都是以话题为中心(每单元一个话题),课文阅读内容都重在培养学生的语言运用能力。同时,同初中的阅读部分相比较,高一的阅读材料虽内容广泛,但也多为热点话题,贴近学生的生活。《英语课程标准》的颁布实施及新课改的逐步推进,给广大高中英语教师提出了更新、更高的要求。不仅要吃透高中英语教材及大纲要求,还应熟悉初中英语教材的框架体系及大纲要求,了解一个合格的初中毕业生的基本能力,特别是听读能力及词汇量的大小。这样,在平时的授课中我们才能挑选初中毕业生所熟悉的、能接受的词、短语及句来组织教学,消除学生对英语学习的畏惧,缩小学生与英语课之间的距离。在高中起始年级的教学中做到有的放矢,逐步引导学生贯通知识经络,矫正学习方法,增强学习兴趣,提高学习效率。

二、注重学法指导

学法指导就是指导学生学会如何学习。古人云:“授人以鱼,只供一饭之需;教人以渔,则终身受用无穷。” 大部分初中生在外语学习方面,虽然有了几年初中的基础,掌握了一定的词汇与基础语法,但由于缺乏外语的实践能力与自学能力,很多学生只能跟在老师后面跑,自主性较差,知识死板,外语学习的广阔天地还未真正对他们展开,他们的学习方法仍然停留在比较简单的重复。因此。教师积极研究科学的、适用的学好英语的学习策略和方法,让学生学会学习,不仅是为学生以后发展着想,也是实施英语素质教育的一项不可缺少的重要内容。

1.预习到位

课前的预习就是为了给自己寻疑,发现问题比解决问题更重要,有了疑问才有一种探寻答案的迫切愿望。初中英语教师对预习也有粗放的要求,初中生对预习也不陌生。但到高中课本中的对话和课文内容以及灵活多样的操练题型,加之英语教师行云流水般的课堂用语,他们感到无所适从,不知从何入手,课堂四十五分钟效率极低。.所以,高中英语教师要把学生的预习当作英语教学的一个重要环节,精心指导,规范要求,达到预期目的。 久而久之就会使学生的“学”由被动转化为主动,让学生从“学会”到“会学”。养成为达到某种预定的目标而主动学习的习惯。

2.大胆操练

初中学生出生牛犊,敢说敢做,有着良好的开口习惯。进如高中,随着年龄的增加,心理的逐渐成熟,使大部分学生羞于开口,害怕出错。加之高中阶段认为高中英语学习对准的目标是高考,而高考口语等级测试的成绩仅是大学入学时的参考成绩,因此,把学生口头交际能力的培养摆在了可有可无的次要地位。这对于语言学习来说无疑是极为不利的。这时,高一的英语教师要鼓励学生尝试,指导他们进行会话,利用新教材提供的专题性会话的语言素材(例如:对某个话题发表评论,交换看法,展开辩论提供建议或发表意见等)。创设有利于开口的情境或者让学生自己组织语言,进行会话、讨论、辩论、采访或报告等。通过师生之间和学生之间的互动,培养了学生运用英语进行交际的能力,使得语言运用的基本理念能够在教学实践中得以充分体现

3、扩大阅读。

中学英语教学大纲明确指出:“阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力,有助于扩大词汇量,丰富语言知识,了解英语国家社会文化背景。阅读是人们获取信息和知识的主要手段。” 而初中阅读文章短,生词少,内容简单,答案直接,很难满足高考的需要。所以,高中英语教师应指导学生选择适合自己水平和兴趣的英语读物,随身携带,随时阅读,作好摘记。要对学生进行阅读方法的指导和训练,把重心放在提高阅读速度和阅读效率上。通过泛读训练,培养阅读兴趣,习惯,技巧和能力。另外,师生要增强心得的交流,以便对学生进行具体的英语课外阅读的指导。

三.把握教学衔接

在我校进行的适应性调查中,有26%的学生认为高中英语与初中英语课最大的区别是内容多,需记很多笔记;另有19%的学生认为是难度大,听课吃力。可见难度和课堂容量是造成学生不适应的重要因素。这就要求高一英语教师认真钻研大纲,例如大纲在词汇要求上分为四会,三会和二会,在语法要求上分为理解,掌握和运用,这些就是教师把握教学起点的依据。此外,选择合适的课堂教学模式也是非常重要的。经调查,90%的高中生,在英语课堂上,老师点到了才发言。听过初中英语课的老师就会发现, 初中教师往往更重视引入,呈现环节的设计,操练形式变化多样,更善于通过各种手段如实物, 游戏,竞赛等来调动学生的积极性,这一点值得高中老师学习。新课程要求课堂教学应改变以教师为中心“教师带着教材走向学生”的单纯传授书本知识的旧教学模式,变为以学生为中心“教师带着学生走向教材”引导学生主动参与的教学模式。课堂教学大力提倡小组合作教学模式,通过师生互动、生生互动、师生合作等学习方式充分调动所有学生共同参与,积极完成教学任务。

四.加大情感投入

人的心理结构是有智力、意志、情感三个基本因素组成的。情感因素在培养学生学习兴趣,促进学生积极主动接受知识的过程中起到关键作用。学生刚进入高中,来到一个陌生的环境,往往产生畏惧心理,把自己的内心封锁起来,这样不利于学生的学习与健康成长。高中英语教师要伸出热情的双手,耐心地牵着刚刚进入高一的新生一步一步地逐渐地进入绚丽的高中英语学习的花园。要善于发现学生的优点和特长,正面诱导。给遇到困难、丧失信心、情绪低落的学生以必要的心理援助。主动与学生建立民主、平等的师生关系,在教学中发扬民主,让学生主动参与教学活动,努力营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围。事实证明,良好的师生关系极大地促进教学的顺利进展。

总之,要想使学生顺利从初中英语的学习过渡到高中英语的学习是个复杂而关键的环节,是学生发展的过程。教育要面向未来,要为学生的未来着想,给他们终身学习的动力,让学生学会学习,学会创新。作为教师“任重而道远”,必须不断尝试,不断创新,本着“不让一个学生掉队”的承诺,用我们的智慧点燃学生创造性思维的火花,用自己的爱心抚慰学生纯洁的心灵,让英语教学真正成为促进学生发展的教学。

参考文献:

鲍正洲 “授之以法 教会学习”,《中学外语教与学》11月

中华人民共和国教育部 《英语课程标准》,北京师范大学出版社

篇2:初高中英语衔接--高一英语学法系列指导1(人教版高一英语上册教案教学设计)

第一讲

达尔文曾说过“关于方法的知识是最重要的知识”,不管我们学习什么,掌握正确的方法是最重要的。

我们现在正面临着一个初、高中的衔接问题,初中侧重基础的语法知识,而高中侧重具体地使用英语。所以,学好英语首先要掌握正确的方法,什么是方法?

一、首先要明确几个观点:

1、学英语的目的是使用英语,只能在用中体会它的规律,掌握它的方法,通过练习学会使用。因此我们要抓住每一个机会用英语。如课程表的书写用英语,学习学科的英文书写等。课上50个人,能有机会一定要抓住机会,而且要给自己创造机会练习口语,课下要寻找机会去练习使用英语。练习听、说、读等能力,做适量的练习巩固课内知识。

2、关于语法知识的学习:掌握一定的语法知识是必要的,它是基础,中国人学习外语要学点语法,但是过分地研究语法是不利于能力的培养的,这也是中国人学习英语的误区。有人说,那么高考怎么办?高考正是考查学生实际使用英语的能力,语法的考试也是在实际语境中考查,因此语篇的能力才是真正的能力。

3、语言的学习应听、说、读、写全面发展,在开始阶段应以听说为主。高一新学期1-2月内主要以训练自己的听与说的能力为主要目标,逐步加大阅读。

4、语言的学习与任何知识的学习一样,以自学为主。要有一定的自学能力,外语学习不是老师讲会的,是自己练会的。在使用中、练习中掌握规律。精讲多练,讲练结合,以练为主是外语教学的主要特点,仅仅靠老师是不够的。因此外语学习的过程是练功夫的过程,是长期坚持不懈的学习过程。在这个暑假尚未开学之前,希望大家要有一个英语学习目标,真正地行动起来做好新高一的准备工作。

初高中衔接练习(一)

一、选择填空

从下面各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。

1. Does Tom often play _____ football after _____ school?

A./, / B./, the C.the, / D.a, a

2. How wonderful! The _____is made of _________.

A.house , glass B.house, glasses

C.houses, glass D.houses, glasses

3. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ______ to his office.

A.20 minutes’ walk B.20 minute’s walk

C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk

4. Uncle Tom asked David, Sam, ______ brothers and ______ three to help write the cards.

A.my, I B.my, me C.myself, I D.myself, me

5.The man ______ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.

A.in front of B.in the front of

C.at the back of D.at the beginning of

6. The garden _______while the Greens were away from home.

A. took good care of B.was taken good care

C.was taken good care of D.was taking good care

7. --Have you finished _____the book?

--Not yet. I’ll try _____it to you before Friday.

A.reading, returning B.to read, to return

C.reading, to return D. to read, returning

8. Many people watched the boys ______ the mountain at that time.

A.climb B.climbing C.to climb D.climbed

9. India had the second ______population in the world.

A.largest B.larger C.most D.smallest

10.When father was young, he ______ from morning till night.

A.was made work B.was made working

C.made to work D.was made to work

11. Five-year-old children are too young to go to school, ________?

A.are they B.aren’t they C.were they D.have they

12. --____I put my coat here?

--Sorry, you ______.

A.Must; mustn’t B.Do; don’t C.can; needn’t D.May; can’t

13. Tom wants to try _____some of his ideas.

A.on B.off C.out D.to

14. Could you tell me if it _____tomorrow?

A. rain B.will rain C.raining D.rains

15.Do you know ______ at the bus stop?

A. whom they are waiting for B.who they are waiting

C. whom are they waiting for D.who are they waiting

16. The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ______.

A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed

17. ______ there any good news in today’s newspaper?

A.Are B.Is C.Have D.Has

二、根据句意和首字母的提示写出所缺单词,使该句子完整、合理。

1. L______ One is the easiest in this book.

2. I had a c______ and two eggs for breakfast this morning.

3. We c______ the classroom every day.

4. Trees t______ green in spring.

5. “What did you do last night?” “I did my h______ and then watched TV.”

6. Most of the children e______ playing computer games.

三、据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I can see three ______ on the desk. (pen)

2. This room is ______. It isn’t yours. (our)

3. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here ______ are.” (your)

4. We live on the ______ floor. (eight)

5. Li Lei is ______ than Li Tao. (old)

6. The Changjiang River is the ______ river in China. (long)

四、下列各句中各有一处错误,找出错误,并将该序号填在括号中,然后将正确答案写在横线上。 (共8分,每小题2分)

1. The baby is sleeping. You’d better to turn down the radio. ( )______

A B C D

2. It’s time for the meeting. Please stop to talk. ( )______

A B C D

3. Is there interesting anything in today’s newspaper? ( )______

A B C D

4. There will have a talk about music in our school tonight. ( )______

A B C D

五、根据中文意思和英文提示词语,用所学过的句型写出正确的句子。所给英文提示词语必须都用上;每题限用一个句子表达。(共8分,每小题2分)

a) 他昨天上学迟到了。

He, late, for, yesterday

____________________________________________________________

b) 李先生太忙,不能来看比赛了。

Mr. Li, is, busy, come and watch the game

____________________________________________________________

c) 我父亲不是今天就是明天回来。

My father, come back, today, tomorrow

______________________________________________________________

d) 我认为和春天相比,她更喜欢夏天。

Think, she, summer, spring

_____________________________________________________________

六、根据中文意思和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。所给的英文提示词必须都用上,句数不限;中文提示内容不必逐句翻译。(共12分)

几年以前我家只有一间小屋。三个人住一间屋真是很难。现在我们已经搬进了一套两室一厅的单元房。我非常高兴。当我父母做家务时,我能…… 我爱我的家。

a) a few years ago, family, have, one small room

b) it, be, three people, in the same room

c) now, a new flat(单元房), one living room, two bedrooms

d) be happy, my homework, quietly, my own room, my parents

七、完形填空

通读下面短文,掌握其大意。然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳一项。

There was a woman in Detroit, who had two sons. She was worried about them, especially the younger one, Ben, 1 he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes about him because he seemed so 2 .

The mother 3 that she would, herself, have to get her sons to do better in school. She told them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a 4 a week and do a report about it for her.

One day, in Ben's 5 , the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him 6 . “Why did Ben raise his hand?” they wondered. “He 7 said anything. What could he possibly want to say?”

Well, Ben not only 8 the rock; he said a lot about it. He named other rocks in its group and even knew 9 the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were 10 . Ben had learned all this from doing one of his book 11 .

Ben later went on to the 12 of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University and at last became one of the best doctors in the United States.

After Ben had grown up, he 13 something about his mother that he did not know as a 14 .

She, herself, had never learned how to 15 .

1. A. because

2. A. clever

3. A. asked

4. A. notice

5. A. class

6. A. think

7. A. always

8. A. found

9. A. whether

10. A. afraid

11. A. pictures

12. A. top

13. A. learnt

14. A. doctor

15. A. read B. so

B. hard

B. decided

B. message

B. room

B. leave

B. even

B. played

B. when

B. surprised

B. exercises

B. end

B. remembered

B. child

B. work C. but

C. slow

C. forgot

C. book

C. office

C. stand

C. quickly

C. knew

C. where

C. worried

C. shops

C. back

C. understood

C. student

C. teach D. though

D. quick

D. heard

D. question

D. lab

D. speak

D. never

D. threw

D. why

D. unhappy

D. reports

D. side

D. guessed

D. teacher

D. show

参考答案

一、1-5 A A A B A 6-10 C C B A D 11-15 A D C B A 16-17 D B

二、1. Lesson 2. cake 3. clean 4. turn 5. homework 6. enjoy

三、1. pens 2. ours 3. you 4. eighth 5. older 6. longest

四、1. (C) turn 2. (D) talking 3. (B) anything interesting 4. (B) be

五、1. He was late for school yesterday.

2. Mr. Li is too busy to come and watch the game.

3. My father will come back either today or tomorrow.

4. I think she prefers summer to spring.

六、A few years ago my family had only one small room. It was very hard for three people to live in the same room. Now we have moved into a new flat with one living room and two bedrooms. I’m very happy. I can do my homework quietly in my own room when my parents do the housework or other things. I love my home.

七、1-5 A C B C A 6-10 D D C C B 11-15 D A A B A

篇3:初高中英语衔接--高一英语学法系列指导4(人教版高一英语上册教案教学设计)

四、几种不良倾向

1、有人认为高考成绩高就行了,不练说也没关系。其实我们现在学习英语已不仅仅是为高考了,而是要为高考后的生存与发展做准备,也为个人与社会大环境接轨打基础。更为个人向国外发展作必要的准备。

2、有人认为多做题就能解决问题。人们常说:量的积累可达到质的飞跃。但是盲目地追求数量而忽视质量是不可取也是无效的。死扣语法不重视在一定的语境中体会、运用知识也是不正确的。

3、有人常立志而不是立长志。英语学习最怕“三天打鱼,两天晒网”。高兴了干一阵,进步了就停下。走走停停只能导致成绩的起伏不定,最终导致兴趣降低,自信心丧失,造成恶性循环。

4、有人只会做或者是只做老师要求干的事。进入高中阶段,走向成熟的表现在学会自己学习,要学会安排自己的学习内容,要学会支配自己的学习时间。

五、学好英语,上好英语课的几个环节

1、尽快适应新环境、新同学、新老师,尽快适应高中学习。

2、课前认真做好预习工作。因为课时紧,内容多,强度大。不认真预习,课上会很被动。预习要做到认真听录音,模仿,掌握准确的语音、语调,了解单词意思,课文内容,找出疑难问题。

3、课上认真听讲,积极参与课堂活动,给自己更多的机会锻炼听、说能力,认真适当地记笔记。高效率听课,才能有高水平的收获。

4、课后要及时认真复习,按时完成作业是首要的。复习是为了巩固课堂知识,同时也应适当地做一些练习。遇到没有理解的内容应及时问老师,使问题尽快解决。

5、要有适应新环境的能力,同时应有承受压力的能力。要会调整自己,相信大家会以饱满的精神状态,充分的心理准备,顺利适应高中英语学习的。

准高一练习(二)

阅读理解

阅读下面短文,然后在各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。

(A)

A funny thing happened to me when I was in Spain. Two Spanish words sounded the same to my American ears. These words were sangria and sonrie. Sangria is a type of wine. Sonrie means “smile.”

One day, a man came to visit at our house. He looked at my shy, serious face, and said, “Sonrie, pir favor.”“(Smile, please.)”But I understood, “Sangria, please.” I thought the man wanted some sangria.

“Now?”I asked him.

“Of course now.” he answered.

“Sure,” I said to him and I went to the kitchen and returned with some sangria and two glasses. The man looked confused(迷惑).

“Do Americans have to drink sangria before they can smile?” he asked. But I misunderstood his question. I thought the man asked.

“Do Americans drink sangria?”

“They certainly do.” I said.

“How crazy Americans are!” the man said. And we were both very confused as we drank our sangria.

36. The main idea of this reading passage is:

A. Americans can't learn a foreign language.

B. Spanish people think American people are crazy.

C. The writer had a funny misunderstanding in a foreign language.

D. People make mistakes when they drink sangria.

37. A detail(细节)of this reading passage is:

A. The writer was a serious person.

B. Americans like to drink sangria.

C. The man didn't like sangria.

D. Two Spanish words sounded the same to American ears.

38. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A. Americans have to drink sangria before they can smile.

B. The man asked the writer for a glass of sangria.

C. Americans don't like to drink sangria.

D. The writer misunderstood the man twice.

39. Which sentence is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The writer went to the kitchen for sangria and two glasses.

B. The writer was an American person visiting Spain.

C. The writer didn't understand one word of Spanish.

D. The writer understood Spanish well enough.

40. In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true?

A. The writer spoke Spanish in Spain for many years.

B. The writer was just beginning to speak and understand Spanish.

C. The man knew the writer misunderstood him.

D. The man was in love with the writer.

(B)

When the weather is hot, you go to a lake or an ocean. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it cannot make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel the cool air when it moves in. You feel the wind. And the wind makes you cool.

Of course, scientists cannot answer all of our questions. If we ask, “Why is the ocean full of salt?” Scientists will say that salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls in the cracks. The rain carries the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, “What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get more salty every year.”

We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.

41. The main idea of this passage is___.

A. people feel cool when they are near a lake or an ocean

B. scientists can explain most of the things we want to know

C. scientists can explain many things but not everything

D. the salt in the ocean comes from rocks

42. You feel cool when you are near a lake or an ocean because___.

A. the water is cold

B. the earth is hot

C. the water is colder than the earth

D. cool air from the water moves towards the land

43. Now scientists know___.

A. what makes people feel cool near a lake or an ocean in summer

B. everything about the ocean

C. why the ocean does not get more salty

D. what happens to the salt in the ocean

44. The underlined word ‘crack’ in the passage means___.

A. roll B. reduce C. break open D. loose

45. The underlined word ‘curious’ in the passage means___.

A. angry B. interested C. tired D. thankful

(C)

Some of the most interesting buildings in the world are the pyramids(金字塔). The pyramids stand huge and silent, and in modern days, people look at them and wonder,” Who built them? Why? When? What is inside? How did they do it?”

Thousands of years ago, certain kings of Egypt built the pyramids. They used to build them as tombs. The kings thought the pyramids would help them find life after death. They also wanted the world to remember them as important people. Some pyramids were for queens, but they are less interesting because they are not as big.

The oldest pyramid that we know today is the pyramid near Sakkara in Egypt. It is about 5000 years old.

There are many pyramids along the Nile River. The largest is the pyramid of Khufu. It is made of 2,300,000 huge stones, most of them taller than a person. It is about 144 meters high. Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the king and queen and long passage ways to these rooms. The rest of the pyramid is made of solid stones.

Workers usually built the pyramids when they had little or no work to do on their farms. To build the pyramid of Khufu, 100,000 men worked for twenty years.

We know there are wonderful treasures in the pyramids. Robbers have dug into some of the pyramids and taken many of these treasures. However, today some of the treasures are in museums.

How did the people of ancient days build the pyramids? How did they carry and lift upwards and upwards the huge stones? Each stone fits in with one another so well though they didn’t have our modern machines at all! The ancient art work of Egypt gives us the idea of a miracle. Scientists have studied the pyramids, but nobody can say just how they did it.

46. What is this passage mainly about?

A. The history of ancient tombs built in Egypt.

B. Some of the most interesting buildings in the world.

C. Egyptian Kings and their wives.

D. The oldest pyramid near Sakkara in Egypt.

47. People today think the pyramids in Egypt_____

A. are reminders of the power enjoyed by the kings

B. are in memory of some important people

C. will help ancient Egyptian kings find life after death

D. are the most important buildings in the world

48. Which of the following is true?

A. The pyramid near Sakkara is the largest in Egypt.

B. All the stones used to build the pyramid of Khufu are taller than a person.

C. It took 100,000 workers and 20 years to build the pyramid of Khufu.

D. All the treasures in the burial rooms have been stolen.

49. Why did robbers dig into the pyramids? Because _____.

A. they wanted to see if there were any treasures in them as they thought there were

B. they wanted to study why each stone fits so well

C. they wanted to know how those huge stones were carried and lifted upwards and upwards

D. they wanted to steal all the precious things

50. We______

A. have known a lot about the pyramids

B. know nothing about these ancient tombs

C. can’t say just how these pyramids were built

D. know quite well how ancient Egyptians built the pyramids

(D)

GARDEN RESTAURANT

Telephone: 2706030

Address: 9020 Bridgeport Road

Open: Mon. to Fri. 7: 00 a.m.-2: 30 p.m. and 5: 00 p.m.-9: 00 p.m.

Sat. 7: 00 a.m.-11: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m.-9: 30 p.m.

Sun. 11: 00 a.m.-2: 00 p.m. and 5: 00 p.m.-9: 00 p.m.

NEW YORK MUSEUM

Telephone: 7364431

Address: Vanier Park, 1100 Chestnut St. New York

America’s largest museum specializing in American history and part of our native people.

Open: Mon. to Fri. 9: 00 a.m.-5: 00 p.m. (Monday free)

Sat. 9: 00 a.m.-1: 00 p.m.

LANSDOWNE PARK SHOPPING CENTER

Telephone: 3562367

Address: 5300 No. 3 Road

Open: Mon. Tues. and Sat. 9: 30 a.m.-5: 30 p.m.

Wed. Thurs. and Fri. 9: 30 a.m.-9: 30 p.m.

Sun. 11: 00 a.m.-5: 00 p.m.

SKYLINE HOTEL

Telephone: 2785161

Address: 3031 No. 3 Road (at Sea Island Way)

The Hangar Den: Wed. to Sun. Lunch from 10: 30 a.m.

Coffee Shop: Mon.-Fri. 6: 00 a.m.

Sat. 6: 30 a.m. and Sun. 7: 00 a.m.

Mon.-Wed. to 10: 00 p.m.

Thurs.-Sun. to 11: 00 p.m.

51. If you want to go out for lunch on Sunday you can call up the number _____.

A. 2785161 or 2706030 B. 2706030 or 3562367

C. 7364431 or 2785161 D. 3562367 or 2785161

52. If you want to enjoy yourself on Sunday mornings, you can go to ___.

A. New York Museum B. Lansdowne Park Shopping Center

C. The Hangar Den D. Coffee Shop

(E)

Just as the teacher was coming into the classroom, one of the boys, Gerald, said loudly,“The teacher is a real fool.”

To their surprise, the students found that the teacher pretended not to have heard this. He paid no attention to anyone and said nothing. He just went up to the teacher’s desk and began the class. He said, “Today we are going to study punctuation(标点符号). Punctuation in the sentences is very important. Look at this sentence, please.”

He picked up a piece of chalk and wrote the following sentence on the blackboard: Gerald says the teacher is a real fool.

The class laughed immediately.

“Now,”the teacher went on. “with two commas I can change the meaning of the sentence completely.”Then he put in two commas in the sentence and so the sentence read: Gerald, says the teacher, is a real fool.

53. What happened at the beginning of the class?

A. One of the boys made much noise.

B. One of the boys told the class why their teacher was a fool.

C. One of the boys said something bad about his teacher.

D. One of the boys was fooled by his teacher.

54. What did the teacher teach in class?

A. He asked a student to read a sentence

B. He told the students that punctuation was very important to a sentence.

C. He explained an important sentence to the students.

D. He made a sentence with the word “punctuation”.

55. From the story we can learn _________ .

A. it’s very important to use punctuation correctly.

B. the teacher must be strict in his work.

C. the teacher is a foolish man.

D. the teacher was satisfied with what Gerald had said

答案:36-40 CDDDB 41-45 CDACB 46-50 AACDC 51-55 ADCBA

篇4:初高中英语衔接--高一英语学法系列指导3(人教版高考复习英语教案教学设计)

三、说与读的训练指导

(一)说的训练

说的训练是高一阶段的训练重点之一,也是培养一个人与人交往能力的重要形式。

1、要敢于张口,大胆地练说。虽不如《疯狂英语》那样疯狂,也要把说英语像说汉语一样自如作为自己的追求。

2、多与同学交流,抓住课上机会练习说英语。利用课余时间,寻找机会,创造机会说英语。组成小组,参加英语角等。重复句、造句子、背诵、复述课文都是训练说的能力的好方法,只有简单的做到了,再难的任务也就不难了。

3、把练习一口气说出5句话没有错误作为训练说的能力的前期标准。话题可由感而发,也可以是看到周围的动态、静态的事物,张口而出。

4、留心观察周围的事物,如街头广告、标语也是学习英语的好材料,看到后说出来,也是训练的方法之一。

(二)读的指导

1、阅读能力是一切能力之本,也是高考要求的重中之重。在有了一定的听、说能力之后,培养阅读能力也是高一阶段的重要步骤。

2、从兴趣入手,以读自己感兴趣的英文小短文、小散文、小说入手,渐渐地语感增强了,词汇扩大了,能力提高了。

3、推荐读物

(1)由China Daily主编21st centurySchool Edition。每周发刊一期。话题覆盖面广,角度多,语言新活,是学习英语的好材料。

(2)外语教学与研究出版社出版的书虫系列,选择多,语言简单,生词量小,兴趣的发展得以保证。

4、阅读数量标准。每天应坚持30分钟,300-500字的阅读。可集中时间读,也可利用零散时间读。

5、精读、泛读相结合。精读是指认真处理生词、难句,对句子成份认真分析等,既学语言又学语法。泛读则是指重视了解文章大意,可采取略读、跳读等方法。不论是精读还是泛读都切忌边读边查字典,这样会打断阅读的整体思路不利于语言能力的提高。

准高一练习(一)

一、用所给词的适当形式填空。将正确答案填在答题纸上。

enter play ill friend begin

1. I am ____ to understand what he has said.

2. Smoking is bad for health and it can result in(导致) different ____.

3. Can you tell me where is the ____ to this building?

4. She said that she could lose anything, but she said that she would never lose our ____.

5. We all want to become football ____ in the future.

二、单项填空

从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

1. I have two brothers. And ____ of them is good at singing.

A. both B. neither C. all D. every

2. Mother told me ____ read in bed.

A. don’t B. to not C. not to D. not

3. Don’t forget ____ the light before you leave home.

A. to turn on B. turning on C. to turn off D. turning off

4. – What do you think of the man? I just talked with him.

– He looks ____.

A. nice B. beautiful C. well D. pretty

5. Don’t ____ angry. It’s only a small thing.

A. 不填 B. do C. is D. get

6. Sorry, I didn’t catch you just now. Could you ____ it again?

A. pardon B. repeat C. excuse D. say

7. Can you tell the differences ____ those words ____ spelling?

A. between/among B. between/in

C. in/among D. among/between

8. The baby ____ until its mother came back.

A. stopped to cry B. didn’t stop to cry

C. stopped crying D. didn’t stop crying

9. It’s raining outside. ____ there tomorrow.

A. We have been to B. We’ll have to go

C. We’ll not to go D. We must have to go

10. The teacher said to us, “Next time, please ____ your dictionaries to school.”

A. have B. carry C. bring D. take

11. Can you speak louder, please? A new museum ____. I cannot hear you clearly.

A. is being built B. will be built C. has been built D. was built

12. Joey thought that his sister was a good student, ____?

A. didn’t he B. wasn’t she C. didn’t Joey D. wasn’t Mary

13. What do you mean by ____ these to me?

A. say B. to say C. saying D. said

14. Don’t be afraid ____ the big dog. He is a very good dog.

A. at B. of C. with D. by

15. You have to look up the ____ if you want to understand the book.

A. dictionary B. book C. sentence D. word

16. – Would you like some more pork?

– _____.

A. No, just a little, thanks B. No, I wouldn't

C. Yes, thanks. I'm full D. Well, just a little, please

17. – What is ____ problem, Doctor Louis?

– It’s hard to say before I give you ____ X-ray(x光) examination of your lung(肺).

A. the/a B. 不填/an C. the/an D. a/the

18. – Will you please open the window? It’s hot here.

– ________.

A. I’d like to B. No C. You open D. Good

19. Go to bed, ____ of you!

A. every one B. everyone C. no one D. nothing

20. I heard ____ he had gone to New York to see his parents.

A. of B. that C. from D. about

三、完形填空

通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。

John lived with his mother in a big house, and when his mother 21 a month ago, the house became 22 for him. So he bought a smaller 23 in the next street. There was a very nice old clock in his 24 house, and when the men came to take his things 25 the new house, John thought, “I’m not going to let them 26 my beautiful old clock in their truck. Perhaps they 27 it, and then repairing it 28 very expensive.” So he 29 himself and began to carry it down the road 30 .

It was heavy, 31 he stopped 2 or 3 times 32 a rest.

Then suddenly a small boy came along the road. He stopped and looked 33 John for 34 seconds. Then he said to John, “You are a foolish man, aren’t you? Why 35 you buy a watch like everybody else?”

21. A. dead B. died C. was dying D. had dead

22. A. big too B. too big C. enough big D. more big

23. A. one B. room C. that D. it

24. A. new B. second C. first D. this

25. A. to B. in C. at D. off

26. A. to carry B. to pull C. pull(拉) D. carry

27. A. break B. are breaking C. have broken D. will break

28. A. is B. will be C. takes D. spends

29. A. picks up it B. picked up it C. picks it up D. picked it up

30. A. in his arm B. in his arms C. without arms D. under his arms

31. A. but B. only C. so D. and

32. A. had B. has C. having D. to have

33. A. for B. at C. around D. out

34. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little

35. A. do B. don’t C. not D. didn’t

答案:

一、1. beginning 2. illnesses 3. entrance 4. friendship 5. players

二、1-5 BCCAD 6-10 DBDBC 11-15 AACBD 16-20 DCAAB

三、21-25 BBACA 26-30 DDBDB 31-35 CDBAD

篇5:初、高中英语教学衔接之我见论文

初、高中英语教学衔接之我见论文

在中学英语教学法中,初中和高中之间的衔接问题一直是一难题。近年来,有些教师认为,应让学生早点接触高考题才能引起他们对英语的重视,所以在平时的教学中,许多教师常用高考题做例子,随意加深教学难度;对于强调应试,高考不考口语,所以平时上课就不进行或很少进行口语训练,侧重要求学生对知识点的掌握,而由于听力测试的增加,对知识的重视往往又偏离。强调应试的另一种表现是,教师让学生根据高考题型进行针对性训练,那么一旦高考题型发生变化,理所当然会导致学生措手不及。事实上,中学英语教学是听说读写的综合,如果偏废任何一项能力,都将会影响整体能力的形成。本人在初中教学十多年后又从事高中英语教学,因此想就此话题从教与学两方面谈谈如何做好初高中英语的衔接问题。

首先,从教师教的方面,本人以为教师上课前应认真备好课,而且应从以下几个方面备好课。

第一,备素质。教师首先要有丰厚的专业知识和广博的综合素质。只有具备了这样的素质,才能准确地把握教学的重点和难点,把握知识与情感的结合点,把握知识与实践的切入点。厚实的专业知识和广博的综合素质是教师备好课的两大支柱和根本,也是教师应具备的教学能力,有了这种能力,教师才能熟练地掌握教材,灵活地运用教法,恰当地指导学法,娴熟地驾驭课堂。

第二,备教材和教法。教师应深入吃透教材,熟练掌握重难点与考点,为学生扫清学习道路上的障碍。而教法又十分重要,切实可行的教法会产生事半功倍的效果。现行高中英语教材教学内容贴近现代生活,富有较强的时代气息,而且选材和教学活动的设计充分考虑到学生的年龄特征和他们生理和心理发展的需要。教材是围绕听、说、读、写四个部分展开的。教师在平时教学中应经常变换使用听说法、归纳法、演绎法、视听法、直接法等,根据不同题材内容采用不同的教学方法。围绕“抓基础,促能力”这一主题,并根据初中和高中的不同要求,研究如何衔接的问题。教师努力培养学生的基本英语素养,着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力。

第三,备学生。教师在备课时必须认真研究和分析学生的学习水平、学习方法、学习风格和学习态度。由于这些方面大多与学生的思想状况和心理因素有关,因此,教师必须研究分析学生的思想和心理状况。高中一年级学生,由于刚刚由初中步入高中,其身心发展迅速,自我意识不断增强,自学能力不断提高,所以,作为一名高中教师,如何去适应高中学生的身心发展变化,直接影响课堂教学效果。笔者所任教的高一(5)班学生基础较好,应试能力较强,但学生大多来自农村,上课时由于担心发音不准或怕出错被同学笑话,因而举手发言不积极,本人就花大量时间鼓励他们积极发言,表达自己的观点,并及时给予正确的评价。目前情况较以前有很大的好转,口头表达能力不断增强。而一(6)班学生基础较差,但通过近一两个月的观察,他们上课发言的欲望增强,希望得到老师的肯定与鼓励。因此,我着力从培养他们的学习兴趣入手,使他们通过近一年的学习,英语成绩普遍有大幅提高。目前,他们非常喜欢上英语课,而且课堂上与老师配合相当默契。总之,在课堂教学中,教师要有针对性和趣味性地组织每项教学活动,保证每个学生能够并乐于参与,而这种活动要以任务为依托,注意任务角色化,注意在活动中引导输出,注意活动的有效程序,以发展学生思维,突出自主学习。

既然备好了课,那么又如何搞好课堂教学呢?我认为有以下几点值得注意:

第一,把握教学起点和课堂容量。教学起点应是绝大部分学生能够达到的,不能盲目拨高;课堂容量也应适度,容量太大或太小都会影响课堂教学效果。俄国心理学家Vygotsky(1962)提出的“zoneofproximaldevelopment(ZPD)”和语言学家StephenKrashen(1981,1982)提出的“Comprehensibleinput(i+1)”,都肯定了输入语言信息要有合理性、针对性。调查表明,34%的学生认为,初中与高中的最大区别是课堂上高中要求记大量笔记,教学内容多,词汇量大;50%的学生认为,高中英语课难度大,听课吃力。可见,教学起点过高和课堂容量过多是造成学生不适应的主要因素。 第二,选择合适的课堂教学模式。初中学生在课堂上发言积极,主动性较强,课堂气氛活跃,而高中学生课堂主动发言的学生不多,课堂气氛沉闷。

经调查发现:90%的高中生在英语课堂上,老师叫到了才发言。这其中有学生自身的因素,但教师因素更为重要。初中教学,老师可通过实物、游戏和竞赛等来调动学生的积极性。目前有很多高中英语教师在课堂教学是以老师为中心,学生常处于被动接受的地位。这样的课堂教学看似充实,但学生真正掌握的知识并不多,因此课堂教学应重视学生的主体地位,以学生活动为主,加强情景创设,多联系生活实际,活化教材和课堂。

第三,注意师生关系。搞好课堂教学的前提是和谐的师生关系:教师应注意自己的课堂行为,不用批评的目光注视学生,不用责备的语气批评回答问题出错的学生,保持稳定情绪,善于尊重人格,保持和蔼的态度。名义测试表明,“友善的态度”,“尊重课堂内每个学生”,“耐心与关心”是学生心目中最喜欢的。高中学生随着年龄的增大,自尊心不断增强,鼓励性和建设性话语容易为学生接受,而批评、挖苦或讽刺的话语只会伤害其自尊心,使其对英语学习产生抵触情绪。

其次,从学生学的方面。传统的学法指导不可少,要进一步加强学习策略和心理研究。

大部分初中教师和学生仍把教学目标定位于中考或开学考试,使得教学陷入题海之中,结果学生自主性较差,所学知识死板,自学能力较弱;进入高中后,有的学生仍沿用初中的学习方式,教师说什么干什么,往往放松对学生的`学法指导,尤其是基础差的学生,成绩显然就会急剧下降。我认为,在高中英语教学中,学法指导是显而易见的,包括:

第一,课前预习。预习是学生的学习方法和习惯问题。学生可以按拼法规则和音标学习生词;可以预读新课内容,了解大意,然后回答有关问题;可以预习对话,练习口语;也可以在重难点处作上标记;也可以听录音磁带,模仿跟读。

第二,听课。听课是学生学习过程中的重要环节。专心的学生能在课堂上掌握教师讲授的大部分内容,听课要求学生做到紧跟“复习,引入新课题,讲解,练习和巩固”5个教学环节。要求学生做到集中精力,做好笔记,积极主动参与课堂活动:回答问题,相互对话,扮演角色,复述课文等。

第三,作业。课后作业包括口头和笔头两种,要认真完成。语言学习,朗读、记忆、背诵和做课后作业是不可忽视的。

第四,复习总结。为进一步理解课堂所学知识,课后应整理笔记,复习重难点,熟读或背诵重要词句。通过归纳、分析、比较,使知识具有条理化。

与此同时,培养学生的学习动力,注意学生学习策略的指导也是至关重要的。调查发现,有15%的学生学习英语是教师所迫,是因为英语有用;有25%的学习对英语很感兴趣;有30%的学生对英语学习兴趣一般。因此,教师应正确引导、培养学生克服困难的信心和毅力,充分调动学生的主观能动性,利用学生对英语的兴趣,开展多种多样的教学活动。比如,唱英语歌曲,朗诵英语诗歌,讲英语故事等。为减少学生学习的盲目性,提高学习效率和学习主动性,教师还应引导学生的各种学习行为。在语言学习过程中,要求学生做到控制和调整自己的兴趣、动机、意志等情感因素。要求学生对自己的学习有计划、有目的的进行反思和评价,总结成功的经验,寻找学习规律,注意观察、分析、归纳,并学会用工具书,善于借助手势、表情、语调等手段提高交际效果。我曾将测试卷做完后,立即将一张错题统计表的答案发给学生,鼓励他们自我分析,汇总后交给我,我在旁边指导,让学生着重分析其错误的原因、性质,是知识方面的错误,判断理解方面的错误,粗心大意方面的错误,还是记忆方面的错误。最后采用个别指导法,精选精讲。这样既减轻了教师负担,及时发现问题,解决问题,也发挥了学生的学习主体作用,养成了良好的学习习惯。

同时,要使学生真正获得有效的学习策略,教师还应深入调查,了解学生运用学习策略的情况,并将其运用于平时的教学之中。

总而言之,教师只要深入钻研大纲,理解、吃透教材,深入调查,了解学生,初、高中之间的衔接问题就一定能得以解决,而高中英语教学也就能达到事半功倍的效果。

篇6:对初、高中英语教学衔接的探讨

对初、高中英语教学衔接的探讨

由初三进入高一的第一学期,是中学外语教学的一个转折点。从语言知识体系和对语言运用能力的要求看,高一和初三同属基础阶段,高一年级的教学内容不是新阶段的起点,而是基础阶段的继续。如何处理好初、高中英语教学过程中的知识衔接问题,将直接影响到学生将来参加全省会考和全国统考的成绩。因此,这值得我们在教学过程中认真研究,深入探讨。

一、从各地外语教学的现状和各校学生素质的不同情况来考察,目前大体上有以下三种衔接措施:

第一种:开学第一个月不上新课,集中复习整理初中知识。但它有两个缺点:①不利于优生的`学习。对于中考英语得分八、九十分的优生来说,他们早已对英语产生了很浓厚的兴趣,对新老师的要求也很高,希望所学内容的深度和难度逐渐加大。如果有一个多月内重复学习他们已经掌握的初中知识,容易挫伤和抑制他们求新、求难、求深的积极性。②不利于按时完成教学计划。因为它打乱了高中英语教学计划的正常进度,甚至影响到整个高中英语教学任务的完成。

第二种:为了不影响高中英语教学的正常进度,在高一上学期的前半学期加班加点,每周多上三课时英语。但这样做,也有不利因素:①不利于差生的学习。

需要补缺的差生,原来初中知识就未消化掉,现在如果新课、旧课一齐上,则负担更重,一旦“撑坏了胃口”,他们就“什么也不想吃”了。②造成学科之间的矛盾。由于多占课时,其他学科老师有意见,给全年级组的协调工作带来许多困难,结果收效甚微。

第三种:边上新课,边复习初中知识,以“分散穿插”的方法,从语音、词汇、语法和课文几方面补缺。一方面,按教学大纲和学校工作计划,按时上新课,既能使优生在学习的难度、深度和广度上有“咬劲”,有充实感;又能使差生对新课文中体现的语言基础知识有个认知过程,在识记和理解的基础上,再鼓励他们课后努把力,尽快达到班级平均水平。另一方面,结合高一新课教学,用“分散穿插”法系统复习初中六本书中的相关知识。

我们认为,第三种办法既可以克服第一、二两种办法的不利因素,又可以促进教师提高课堂教学质量,在课堂教学中增加语言实践活动的广度和密度,提高每分钟的效率,更具有科学性和可行性。因此,我们采用了第三种办法。

二、我们在研究和实施初高中英语教学衔接过程中的设想和具体做法:

在单词读音和拼写方面,根据音标和读音规则认读和拼写单词,提高复习旧词带动学习新词的自学能力。

[1] [2]

篇7:对初、高中英语教学衔接的探讨

对初、高中英语教学衔接的探讨

由初三进入高一的第一学期,是中学外语教学的一个转折点。从语言知识体系和对语言运用能力的要求看,高一和初三同属基础阶段,高一年级的教学内容不是新阶段的起点,而是基础阶段的继续。如何处理好初、高中英语教学过程中的知识衔接问题,将直接影响到学生将来参加全省会考和全国统考的成绩。因此,这值得我们在教学过程中认真研究,深入探讨。

一、从各地外语教学的现状和各校学生素质的不同情况来考察,目前大体上有以下三种衔接措施:

第一种:开学第一个月不上新课,集中复习整理初中知识。但它有两个缺点:①不利于优生的学习。对于中考英语得分八、九十分的优生来说,他们早已对英语产生了很浓厚的兴趣,对新老师的要求也很高,希望所学内容的深度和难度逐渐加大。如果有一个多月内重复学习他们已经掌握的初中知识,容易挫伤和抑制他们求新、求难、求深的积极性。②不利于按时完成教学计划。因为它打乱了高中英语教学计划的正常进度,甚至影响到整个高中英语教学任务的完成。

第二种:为了不影响高中英语教学的正常进度,在高一上学期的前半学期加班加点,每周多上三课时英语。但这样做,也有不利因素:①不利于差生的学习。

需要补缺的`差生,原来初中知识就未消化掉,现在如果新课、旧课一齐上,则负担更重,一旦“撑坏了胃口”,他们就“什么也不想吃”了。②造成学科之间的矛盾。由于多占课时,其他学科老师有意见,给全年级组的协调工作带来许多困难,结果收效甚微。

第三种:边上新课,边复习初中知识,以“分散穿插”的方法,从语音、词汇、语法和课文几方面补缺。一方面,按教学大纲和学校工作计划,按时上新课,既能使优生在学习的难度、深度和广度上有“咬劲”,有充实感;又能使差生对新课文中体现的语言基础知识有个认知过程,在识记和理解的基础上,再鼓励他们课后努把力,尽快达到班级平均水平。另一方面,结合高一新课教学,用“分散穿插”法系统复习初中六本书中的相关知识。

我们认为,第三种办法既可以克服第一、二两种办法的不利因素,又可以促进教师提高课堂教学质量,在课堂教学中增加语言实践活动的广度和密度,提高每分钟的效率,更具有科学性和可行性。因此,我们采用了第三种办法。

二、我们在研究和实施初高中英语教学衔接过程中的设想和具体做法:

在单词读音和拼写方面,根据音标和读音规则认读和拼写单词,提高复习旧词带动学习新词的自学能力。

在词汇和句型方面;保持初中常用单词、词组、习语和句型的适当的再现率。

另外,应设法把初中阶段“只作理解”的一些词汇上升到高中阶段的“熟练掌握”。

在基础语法方面:分别对①简单句的五种基本类型②动词不定式③被动语态④状语从句和宾语从句⑤直接引语和间接引语⑥常用的八种时态等,做到既系统地理清网络,又集中地复习运用。

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篇8:如何做好初、高中英语教学衔接之我见 (中学英语教学论文)

在中学英语教学法中,初中和高中之间的衔接问题,一直是一大难题。近年来,有些教师认为,应让学生早一点接触高考题才能引起他们对英语的重视,所以在平时的教学中,许多教师常用高考题做例子,随意加深教学难度;过于强调应试,高考不考口语,所以平时上课就不进行或很少进行口语训练,侧重要求学生对知识点的掌握,而由于听力测试的增加,对知识点的重视往往又偏离。强调应试的另一种表现是,教师让学生根据高考题型进行针对性训练,那么一旦高考题型发生变化,理所当然会导致学生措手不及。事实上,中学英语教学是听说读写的综合,如果偏废任何一项能力,都将会影响整体能力形成。

就本人所教班级,针对学生“底子薄,基础差,学生目的又不明确”等现状,结合本课题,从教和学两方面谈谈如何做好高中英语教学。

首先,从教师教的方面,教师必须认真学习教学大纲,深刻领会和钻研教材,研究学生身心发展特点,规律,因材施教,对症下药,注意知识与技能的结合,在情景中注意语言知识,注意语音形式的同时,着重学生对语义的理解。比如讲动词不定式,除了要求学生掌握其用法:表示“将来”,表示动作的“一次性”或“具体性”,还应要求学生熟知动名词的用法:表示“曾经……”,表示动作的“习惯性”或“经常性”;讲某词的用法时,注意其多义特点,如“cover”,既可指“覆盖”“淹没”,也可指用于书籍“封面”和“采访”等意思。切实抓好课堂教学。

英语课堂教学是学生学习英语的主要渠道,是为学生提供由操练(practise)到产出(produce)的语言内化过程,教师要设计符合语音发展规律的语言实践活动,采用目标和层次的过程教学评价策略,培养学生具有良好的语言素质和运用语言的能力。在课堂教学中,教师要具有针对性和趣味性组织每项教学活动的能力,保证每个学生能够并乐于参与,而这种活动要以任务为依托,注意任务角色化,注意在活动中引导输出,注意活动的有效程序,以发展学生思维,突出自主学习。

课堂上,学生不仅要学习语言、语法、句法等,还要训练听、说、读、写等技能,在此基础上培养自己运用英语进行交际的能力。教材,教师和学生是影响课堂教学的主要因素。现行的英语教材,无论是初中教材还是高中教材,均以“单元式”编排,在语法、词汇上采用“循环式”和“渐进”原则,注意初高中紧密结合,每单元包括对话、阅读、操练和巩固等课型,一般说来,师生能较快适应。教师因素是影响课堂教学的主要因素,教材的处理,教法的运用,学生积极性的调动关键在于教师,因此教师必须深入研究大纲、教材,根据初中和高中的不同要求,研究如何衔接问题。另外,要研究学生特点,研究学生观状。高中一年级学生,由于刚刚由初中步入高一级学习,其身心发展迅速,自我意识不断增强,自学能力不断提高,所以作为一名高中教师的教法如何去适应高中学生的身心发展变化,将直接影响课堂教学效果。此外,高中教师还应深入了解学生,收集教学反馈信息,并加强与初中教师的交流,结合高中教学特点,精心备课,保证课堂教学质量。从本人所教到班级情况:基础差,底子薄,厌学情绪等现状,对症下药,制定出了适合于他们的教学模式:既再现初中所学知识,也较能达到高中教学要求和目的。

高中课堂教学,我认为有以下几点值得注意:

第一、把握教学起点和课堂容量。教学起点应是绝大部分学生能够达到的,不能盲目拨高;课堂容量也应适度,容量太大或太小都会影响课堂教学效果。俄国心理学家Vygotsky(1962)提出的 “zone of proximal develop ment(ZPD)”和语言学家Stephen Krashen(1981,1982)提出的“Comprehensible input (i+1)”,都肯定了输入语言信息要合理性,针对性。调查表明,34%的学生认为,初中与高中最大区别是课堂上,高中要求记大量笔记,教学内容多;50%的学生认为,高中英语课难度大,听课吃力。可见教学起点过高和课堂容量过多是造成学生不适应的主要因素。

第二、选择合适的课堂教学模式。初中学生在课堂上发言积极,主动性较强,课堂气氛活跃,而高中学生,课堂主动发言的学生不多,课堂气氛沉闷,经调查发现:90%的高中生,在英语课堂上,老师叫到了才发言。这其中有学生自身的因素,但教师因素更为重要。初中教学,老师可通过实物、游戏和竞赛等来调动学生和积极性。目前有很多高中英语教师在课堂教学是以老师为中心,学生常处于被动接受的地位。这样的课堂教学看似充实,但学生真正掌握的知识并不多,因此课堂教学应重视学生的主体地位,以学生活动为主,加强情景创设,多联系生活实际,活化教材和课堂。

第三、注意师生关系。搞好课堂教学的前提是和谐的师生关系:教师应注意自己的课堂行为,不用批评的目光注视学生,不用责备的语气批评回答问题出错了的学生,保持稳定情绪,善于尊重人格,保持和蔼的态度。名义测试表明,“友善的态度”,“尊重课堂内每个学生”“耐心与关心”是学生心目中最喜欢的。高中学生,随着年龄的增大,自尊性不断增强,鼓励性和建设性话语容易为学生接受,而批评,挖苦或讽刺的活语只会伤害其自尊性,使其对英语学习产生抵触情绪。

其次,从学生学的方面,传统的学法指导不可少,要进一步加强学习策略和心理研究。

大部分初中教师和学生仍把教学目标定位于中考或开学考试,使得教学陷入题海之中,结果,学生自主性较差,知识死板,自学能力较弱;进入高中后,有的学生仍沿用初中学习方式,教师说什么干什么,往往放松对学生学法指导,尤其是基础差的学生,成绩显然就会急剧下降。那么,我认为,在高中英语教学中,学法指导是显而易见的,包括:

第一、课前预习。预习是学生学习方法和习惯问题。学生可以按拼法规则和音标学习生词;可以预读新课内容,了解大意,然后回答有关问题;可以预习对话,练习口语;也可以在重难点处作上标记;也可以听录音磁带,模仿跟读。

第二、听课。听课是学生学习过程中的重要环节。往往专心的学生能在课堂上掌握教师讲授的大部分内容。听课要求学生做到紧跟“复习,引入新课题,讲解,练习和巩固”5个教学环节。要求学生做到集中精力,做好笔记,积极主动参与课堂活动:回答问题,相互对话,扮演角色,复述课文等。

第三、作业。课后作业包括口头和笔头两种,要认真完成。语言学习,朗读、记忆、背诵和课后作业是不可忽视的。

第四、复习总结。为进一步理解课堂所学知识,课后应整理笔记,复习重难点,熟读或背诵重要词句。通过归纳、分析、比较,使知识具有条理化。

与此同时,培养学生的学习动力,注意学生学习策略的指导也是至关重要的。调查发现,有15%的学生学习英语是教师所迫,是因为英语有用;有25%的学习对英语很感兴趣;有30%的学生对英语学习兴趣一般。因此教师应正确引导、培养学生克服困难的信心和毅力,充分调动学生的主观能动性,利用学生对英语的兴趣,开展多种多样的教学活动,比如,唱英语歌曲,朗诵英语诗歌,讲英语故事等。为减少学生学习的盲目性,提高学习效率和学习主动性,教师还应引导学生的各种学习行为在语言学习过程中,要求学生做到控制和调整自己的兴趣,动机,意志等情感因素。要求学生对自己的学习进行有计划,有目的的进行反思和评价,总结成功的经验,寻找学习规律,注意观察、分析、归纳,并学会用工具书,善于借助手势、表情、语调等手段提高交际效果。我曾将考测试卷做完后,立即将一张错题统计表的答案发给学生,鼓励他们自我分析,汇总后交给我,我在旁边指导,让学生着重分析其错误的原因、性质:知识性方面的错误,判断理解方面的错误,粗心大意方面的错误,还是记忆方面的错误。最后采用个别指导法,精选精讲。这样既减轻了教师负担,及时发现问题,解决问题,也发挥了学生的学习主体作用,养成良好的学习习惯。

同时,要使学生真正获得有效的学习策略,教师还应深入调查,了解学生运用学习策略的情况,并将其运用于平时的教学之中。

总而言之,教师只要深入钻研大纲,理解,吃透教材,深入调查,了解学生,初、高中之间的衔接问题就一定能得以解决,而高中英语教学也就能达到事半功倍的效果。

参考文献:

Vygotsky. L. 1962 Thought and Language Cambrudge, Mass: MIT Press.

Krachen .S. 1981 Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Leaming Oxford: Pergamon.

Krashen Language Acquisition Ocford: Pergamon.

篇9:高中英语教学反思 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)

高中英语教学反思

高一 王鹏

‘协作’(collaboration)是一种非常有效的教学活动方式,不管是教师之间的协作(team teaching),学习者之间的协作(collaborative learning),还是师生之间的协作”协作以共同任务为目标.以异质分组为前提.以队员或组员的参与度为评价标准。协作有助于增进彼此的了解,屉大限度的整合一切可以利用的资源.提高学习效率;协作可以打破传统的思维模式,增强学习者对事物及问题的认识和分析能力.进而提高他们对所学知识的实际运用能力 将协作原则用于高中英语教学实践即适应了高中英语

新教材重视交际和任务型教学的这一要求,叉可以培养学生英语学习的兴趣.提高他们的英语听、说能力。

一.现状

人的全面协调发展应该是在注重共性(即:团队意识和协作精神)培养的基础上适时、适当的对每个人个性的发展给予充分的重视。这样不仅能使学生明白“与人为乐,与己为乐”的道理,认识与人合作的重要性和必要性,而且能有效地调动学生学习的积极性,培养他们运用团队力量克服困难、战胜挫折的能力 正所谓“众人拾柴火焰高”。因此,许多国内外学者就这一问题进行了多方面的调查和研究 早在60年代.国外就有学者提出了团队意识和协作等一些理念,并在幕础教育和高等教育的实践中加以应用和推广 随后,这些理论逐渐被引入我国.国内许多学者和各阶层教育工作者也开始了对这些理论的研究和普及工作。近年来.各学科新教学大纲的确立,特别是初高中英语新教材的推出,进一步提出了任务型教学和交际型教学这一新目标 本质上讲,两种教学模式都侧重学生之问和师生之间的交流和协作.从而达到最好的教学效果。而我们目前的中小学教育乃至大学教育仍然忽视或者说没有充分重视这种交流和协作能力的培养,只是一味地强调个人的能力.使得学生总是希望突出自己,而不愿意同他人合作,普遍缺乏团队意识和协作精神。

二.理论基础

“协作式学习是培养学生团队合作精神的重要方法 ”。协作式学习.既:合作学习.“足20世纪70年代初兴起于美国的一种教学理论和策略体系。概括说来,合作学习就是以小组为基本组织形式,小组成员互相帮助,从而在最大程度上促进自己以及他人的学习,实现共同的学习目标。 这是一种全新的任务型学习方法,学习的目的是为了完成任务,学习的唯一手段是相互协作。在心理学不断发展的基础上.合作学习理论得以建立。有些学者认为“学习是一种自我满足的过程。”合作只是为了满足这种个人心理需要的一种必要方式。自控论和动机理论便应运而生了。而另外一些学者则认为集体的认同感和荣誉感才是学生学习的根本所在,合作是关心集体的一种表现手段,这就是集体动力理论和社会凝聚力理论持有的观点不管采用哪种理论,在教学实践中,如果我们只重视对学生个人利益的满足或只一味地强调集体利益高于一切.换句话说,只注重奖励优秀个人或只注重奖励目1队.都会有失偏颇。前一种会使 合作学习缺乏团队意识和社交技能 ,后一种会造成“评价群体凸现。个体失落”。这样都会使合作学习流于形式,没有任何的实际意义 因此,只有将两者结台.才能真正做到即照顾个人,又能充分考虑小组团队,即:培养学生的团队意识和协作精神是关键.并对表现突出的个人给与必要的奖励。这样才能在学习上兆同进步、共同提高,达到合作学习的目的。

高中英语教学“合作学习”模式的实践可以针对不同的教学内容(听、说、读、写),采用不同的方式进行,“(一)对话角色扮演学生可在小组内分别扮演角色,进行情景口语练习,(二)讨论或辩论让学生分小组讨论或辩论,给学生一个发挥的舞台,即可提高教学质量又可提高学生素质。(三)个人较难完成的学习任务这时可以组织小组合作学习,同学们分头查询资料,整理资料,各尽所能,各显其能 ”

英语教学反思

高一 陈凤珍

1.循序渐进。温故知新

任何一门知识,包括英语,都是有系统的。学习新知识就能融会贯通旧知识,组成新的知识结构?这不仅能激发学生对英语的学习兴趣,而且使学生能够由易而难顺利地完成一个个学习目标。温故而知新也是以遗忘规律为依据。根据艾宾浩斯的先快后慢的遗忘规律,在学习材料刚刚能记住的一小时后,人们对所学的材料仅仅保持40%左右。第一天,保持仅1/3,到第六天逐渐下降到l/4左右。曲线最初是急剧下降,过一段时间后下降减慢,曲线趋于平稳。所以对信息进行及时和经常合理地复习,才能达到牢固记忆的目的。具体方法就是学习一复习一再复习。表面看来似乎很繁琐,其实每次复习时间不需太多,只要合理地安排时间,复习时做到系统性、针对性、综合性,便能事半功倍。教师要鼓励学生结合自己的实际情况,制定切实可行的复习计划。

2.教会学生记笔记

记笔记可以深化学习内容,理清思路,增进记忆。尖子生往往善于记笔记,总是一边听课,一边记笔记。曾让学生把笔记在中间划一条竖线,一分两半。左边记课堂上讲解的要点、词语用法、语法项目等,右边可以记预习时查得的例句、用法之类。引导学生在右半部分记下自己的心得、新看法或是课后提出的疑问。这样有利于培养学生的独立思考和创造思维的能力。同时指导学生在记笔记时采用一套自己惯用的符号规划笔记内容,使笔记更加条理清晰、一目了然,从而也提高了听课效率。例如,教学生采用“o”符号表示当堂的重点和难点,用“、/”表示需要了解的东西。课下,学生还应对照课本认真整理笔记内容,直到全部弄懂掌握为止,并经常翻看复习,以减少遗忘。

3.在交际中学习运用英语

在英语教学过程中应该贯彻交际性原则,实现教学过程交际化,使学生在运用英语的过程中逐步达到能用英语理解和表达思想、进行交际。在课堂上,尽量让学生多说多练,鼓励他们多开口。例如可以课文为议题、内容、对象,开展多种形式的言语交际活动,包括说话练习,课堂讨论,小辩论,编对话,课文表演,小作文,背景知识介绍,给课文另取题目,就课文内容进行评论,用新词语编故事,故事续讲,角色复述等等,利用课文的这些训练过程就是高效的学习英语过程。老师的职责就在于引导和点拨,使学生自觉地接受、熟悉、进而掌握英语,使他们离开教师也能高效地学习英语,这就是所谓“教是为了不教”或“授人以鱼,不如授人以渔”。同时,在课外指导学生利用今天发达的信息和网络优势为自己的英语学习服务,如鼓励学生观看CCTV一10每天播出的Out Look English Magazine(希望英语杂志),引导学生阅览我校阅览室现有的优秀外语杂志,如:English Digest(英语文摘)、The Knowledge of English(英语知识)、English Corner(英语角)等,推荐学生上一些优秀的指导性学习网站,如北京四中网站,K12网站,中国教育网等。让学生在学中练,练中学,既提高了学习兴趣,又进一步提高了英语的运用能力。总之,教师要在注意指导“学”的方法的基础上研究“教”的方法。因为学生是学习的主体,只有充分调动学生的主动性和积极性,帮助他们找到适合自己的学习方法,才能提高教学质量和学习效果。同时,英语学习方法的培养必须贯穿于教学活动的始终。每个教学环节中都存在学法的渗透,只要在教学过程的各个环节都进行有意识的学法指导,日积月累,学生良好的学习习惯和科学的学习方法就会逐步形成,这会使学生受益终身,这也正是我们教育的根本之所在。

英语教学反思

高一 柯远萍

反思一、英语教师应有发展意识

一直以来,人们以为中小学英语教师的语言知识能力要求不高,不需要太好的语言功底,只要有良好的教学技能就可以了。其实时代在进步,社会在发展,同样英语作为人们最广泛的交际用语之一,更是随着高科技的迅猛发展而日新月异地变化着。如果我们的英语教师故步自封,不求进取,那么不但自己的语言知识很快陈旧落伍,误人子弟,而且会被时代所淘汰。

“Changing English in the changing world”。现代英语的变化,特别是口语方面的变化可从以下几个方面体现出来:

1、随着人们生活节奏的不断加快,更因为国际互联网的形成,人们之间的交际变得越来越简捷。说话简单快捷,是现代人生活的一大特征。现代英语在这方面的变化表现为“一字多用”。如一个take, 我们就可以翻译成多种中文.

2、随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,现代英语词汇急剧增加,并且我们发现,现代英语词汇有相当一部分是取得新义的旧词,如,“input”(输入电子计算机的数据),“store”(电子计算机的储存器),“drive”(计算机驱动器)等。

3、英国英语和美国英语之间的距离越来越小。 现代教科书大多以美式发音为准,时尚的流行语亦是。4、口语不断侵入书面语。学过英语的人都知道,英语有正式、非正式、书面语,口语,方言,俚语之分。现在的书本里已经出现很多的俚语,像hang out,pants等等。在我们那个年代可以说这些都是从没有出现过的,现在都已成了时尚,并且它们之间相互渗透的现象越来越普遍。

我们的英语教师不跟上时代的步伐,不坚持不断地学习和接受新事物,不了解现代英语发展的现状和趋势,那么,我们所教出来的学生一旦离开学校走向社会,他们会发现他们所学的英语是多么不符合时代。而教师自己则可能甚至连小学生们所津津乐道的一些常用语也可能会出现理解性的错误。

英语教学反思

高一 李明明

(一)对英语教学的重新认识

1、学习外语与情意的关系。外语课堂教学既是一个掌握外语的认知过程,也是一个激励情意的过程。课堂教学中的情意因素包括情意和意志。情意包括动机、兴趣、态度、气质、性格和良好的习惯等。学生在学习、掌握外语的过程中伴随着传递情意的活动,学习外语和交流情意相互间紧密联系,相互促进,组成一个整体。情意的产生受学习外语认知活动的影响,学习外语的认知活动能促进情意由低级向高级发展,由低层次向深层次发展。学生初学外语时,会产生一种好奇心,好奇心不断获得满足,从而又产生了求知欲;求知欲不断获得满足,进而树立了自信心;自信心不断增强,并与崇高远大的理想相联系和强化,可使兴趣发展得更丰富,从而形成认知兴趣。因此,教师在外语课堂教学过程中,既要重视掌握语言知识和运用语言能力目标的完成,又要重视情意目标的实现。但是,当前有些外语课堂教学还未把情意目标提到教学议事日程上来,或者有意无意地把它忽视了。

2、语言知识与交际能力的关系。语言是重要的交际工具。学习英语的目的,不仅仅是掌握语言知识,更是为了提高运用语言进行交际的能力。英语教学的最终目的是获得为交际运用语言的能力,这种能力只能通过实践训练才能获得。语言知识的传授不能代替听说读写技能训练和为交际运用语言能力的培养,我们应在教学中将掌握语言知识、培养言语技能和为交际运用语言的能力有机地结合起来,达到学以致用的目的。例如,在学习了“天气预报”这一课后,我除了在课堂上让学生用所学句型自由对话外,还找来多期China Daily,让学生参阅天气预报这一版进行对话。学生在自由交谈中既巩固了所学知识,又扩大吸收了书本外相关的语言知识,更重要的是,在交际活动中还提高了他们的听、说、读、写和语言交际的能力,达到了多元培养目标。

(二)教学理念的反思

面对新教材,首先思想观念要转变,有了新的观念才能接受新事物。如果观念没有更新,新教材、新课程都只能是空谈,无非是“穿新鞋,走老路”,新课程的实施简单地被视为换一个大纲、换一套教材、调整一些课程内容。对生动活泼的课程内容进行肢解,使其成为不胜其烦的“知识点”的堆砌,把“Reading”当成讲解知识点的例子。教师的教育思想是在长期受应试教育的影响下形成的,很多人崇尚“苦读”、“勤教”,不以人为本,“应试第一,分数至上”,把学生基本上看成是挣分的机器,对学生“乐学”的潜能几乎没有开发,英语教学过程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养。这种教学观念与新课程的要求极不相适应。因此,为了适应新课程,要突出“以学生为主体”的思想,教师在教学活动中要做到:

1、建立“以学生为中心”的主体观。教学活动以学生在课堂上做事为主,教师的作用是负责组织、引导、帮助和监控,引导学生学会认知、学会做事,让学生经历获取知识的过程,关注学生各种能力的发展,促进其知识与技能、过程与方法、态度与价值观的全面发展,建立学生自主探索、合作学习的课堂模式,创设和谐、宽松、民主的课堂环境。追求学习结果转向追求学习过程,真正把学生当成获取知识发展自我的主人。“一切为了学生,为了学生的一切,为了一切学生”,切实构建“以学生为中心”主体观。

2、建立“以能力为中心”的教育质量观。传统教学是由老师单向灌输知识,以考试分数作为衡量教育成果的唯一标准,教师注重学生在课堂教学中接受现成的知识和结论。这种“守成性”教育严重影响了对学生创新精神和创新能力的培养。为了适应知识经济时代的要求,更好地培养具有创新精神和创新能力高素质人才,要求课堂教学不仅仅是传授基础知识、基本技能的过程,同时也是一个不断培养学生创新精神和实践能力的过程,教师所讲授的知识应该成为培养学生英语能力的“火种”。也就是说,课堂教学是一个在老师引导下学生主动参与、独立思考、自主发现、不断创新和培养实践能力的过程,让学生由“学会”转变到“会学”。

责任编辑:李芳芳

篇10:如何搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接

如何搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接

文/张晓庆

摘 要:初中阶段是学生学习英语的关键时期,搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接工作,就可以让学生在将来升入高中之后迅速地适应高中阶段的英语学习。论述了搞好初中英语与高中英语教学衔接的有效策略。

篇11:如何搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接

在高中阶段的英语学习中,学生能够进一步优化自身的学习方法,能够更加积极主动地学习,并且能够有效地激发自身的潜力,增强独立学习的能力。在中学教育中,初中和高中的教育特点、规律都是不一样的,不管是学生的心理,还是学生的生理都有着非常大的差别。不少初中生升入高中之后,在新的学习氛围和环境中,较难适应高中阶段的英语学习,主要体现在:听讲比较吃力,缺少学习的自信心,甚至存在恐惧心理,进而导致出现不想学或者厌学的现象等。为此,教师应高度重视,搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接,在初中阶段夯实学生的英语基础,以使学生在升入高中之后能够游刃有余,取得英语学习上的进步。

一、教师进一步提高自身的综合素质

针对学生以后的学习与发展而言,教师的素质起着非常关键的作用。搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接是所有初中教师不可推卸的`责任。首先,所有的英语教师要提高自身的综合素质,爱岗敬业,理解与关爱学生。其次,应进一步探究与学习《义务教育英语课程标准》和《普通高中英语课程标准》,感受其实质内涵,认真钻研教材知识,有效地应用教材,转变教学思想,树立全新的教材观与教育观,积极地探究科学的教学评价策略,在教学实践活动中有效地渗透新课标理念。最后,教师应进一步增强自身的教学基本功与教学能力,提高自身的专业素养,努力探究合理的英语教学方法和策略。

二、建立和谐的师生关系

实施英语教学,其最终目的是为了提高学生的英语交际能力。只有确保和谐师生关系的创建,教师才能对学生的学习情况、情感等有一个细致的了解,学生也才能够发自内心地想跟教师进行沟通和交流。也只有如此,才能够充分体现学生的主体地位和教师的主导性,有效地提高教学质量。此外,在英语学习过程中融合师生情感的交流,以使师生情感的发展与英语学习上的成功互相推动。为此,教师需要充满责任心,耐心地鼓励学生,不讽刺和打击学生,尤其是针对学困生,实施分层次辅导的策略,让所有的学生都能够学有所成。

三、指导学生养成良好的预习习惯

预习就是学生寻找疑难问题并且积极地探究如何解决问题的过程,这个过程也是学生积极地参与到课堂教学实践活动当中的过程。学生养成良好的预习习惯与培养自身的预习能力是一个长时间的过程。为此,教师应当给学生提供一些预习的策略和方法,让学生积极主动地预习,并且能够实现理想的预期效果。在初中阶段,教师应高度重视,将指导学生预习作为英语教学的一项重要内容。教师务必认真地进行指导,对预习的有关要求进行规范,且要实施一些检测的方法,以切实达到预习的目的。以预习的内容作为视角,重点是需要学生拓展与记忆单词,浏览文章,了解将要学习到的语法内容,倘若学生碰到不能够解决的问题,可让学生留待教师或者是其他的同学来进行解答。这也是新课标自主学习精神与合作意识的良好体现。

四、指导学生养成课外阅读的良好习惯

在英语学习中,阅读能力与阅读量是非常关键的。初中生进行广泛的阅读能够学会更多的生词,开拓自己的视野,提高自身的英语素养以及提高自己的逻辑推理能力,从而提高自己的英语阅读能力。因此,在初中阶段,教师应注重培养学生的英语阅读能力,并非只是限制于教材的阅读内容,并且重视学生良好阅读习惯的培养,重视指导学生一些正确的阅读技巧,以逐渐提高学生的阅读水平。在平时,教师就要让学生选读自己感兴趣的、符合自身能力的英文读物,学生可以随身携带,这样学生就能够随时随地地进行阅读,而且要做好摘抄。这样,经过长时间的阅读之后,学生不但大大地提高了阅读效率,丰富了自己的跨国文化知识。

五、有效地解读和整合教材内容

教师需要熟练地解读初中英语教材与高中英语教材,认真地比较、仔细地体会和虚心地学习初中英语教材与高中英语教材的教学大纲,以更加系统地明确初中英语教材与高中英语教材的知识体系,探究它们的区别点、衔接点和要求搭桥铺路的教学内容。只有如此,才可以把初中英语知识与高中英语知识有效地统一起来。初中阶段的英语学习是高中阶段的基础,只有夯实学生的基础,才可以实现教学目标。教师之间可以集体备课,广泛地采纳意见,有效、合理地整合教材内容,适当地增加或删减教材内容,以使教师实施有针对性的讲解。

综上所述,教师要想搞好初中英语与高中英语教学的衔接,就需要清楚教学目标和教学任务,转变教学思想,关爱学生,加强师生之间的沟通和交流,明确初中英语教材与高中英语教材的区别、联系,进一步提高自身的综合素质,改进教学方法,搞好英语教学良好的预习和阅读的习惯。

篇12:浅谈高中英语课的导入 (中学英语教学论文) (人教版英语高一)

浅谈高中英语课的导入 (中学英语教学论文)

内容提要:导入是一节课的开始,也是教师进行教学活动的开始,它直接影响到整节课的效率。本文试图从利用文中插图、各种教学媒体,到以学生为中心、教师为主导,来介绍不同的导入手段,以期得到良好的课堂效果。

关 键 词:导入,英语课,兴趣

前言-导入的意义

导入在课堂教学中起着重要的作用,导入恰当与否,直接关系到教学效果的好坏.俗话说,良好的开端是成功的一半。一堂课如果导入得当,就能直接吸引学生,引起学生的注意,从而使其产生良好的学习动机,极大地调动学生学习的积极性,使课堂气氛变得轻松活泼,课堂活动顺利进行,提高课堂效率。因此,我们应对于不同单元的课题选用不同的导入手段,激发学生学习的兴趣,使学生能主动参与教学过程,为整节课作好准备与铺垫。

英语课堂教学的导入,包括把学生的注意力集中到授课的内容上,复习旧课以导入新课,以及传授新知识各个步骤的过渡。导入得法可以使学生在心理和知识上做好学习的准备,使学生进入良好的学习状态,激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望,从而集中精神学习新的内容。如果呈现新知识的方法单调呆板,平平淡淡,千篇 一律,学生就会产生厌倦情绪。因此,英语课堂教学的导入是一个不容忽视的教学环节,是个值得研讨的课题。而我们对于不同课题的单元可以采用不同的导入手段,因为话题不同学生的喜好程度就不同,对于比较容易引起学生兴趣的课题可以稍做引入马上进入正题;而对于学生不是特别有兴趣的话题可以多花点时间让学生的兴趣浓厚起来以后再入正题这样可以为以后这一单元的学习做好准备。以下是针对新教材的一些话题的几种导入方法。

1.利用Warming up ,通过问答、讨论的形式进行导入

高中英语新教材图文并茂,每一个单元第一部分是Warming up,在这一部分会提供一些图片或对话并针对这些图片或对话提出一些问题,学生通过对图片的描述、问答和教师言简意赅、提纲挈领的导语,逐步引入本课的话题,让学生适度地了解话题的内容,易激发学生内在的学习动力,使课堂气氛活跃;利用文中的插图导入新课,能激活学生认知图式的能力,并使其产生阅读课文以了解信息的愿望,为以下教学铺平道路。如高中新教材一册(上)第三单元 Going Places,这一单元的Warming up 中提供了一些图片,并附有下一个层次的问题;在学生回答完第一部分图片问题需要进一步思考并回答接下来的问题。

图片1已给出实例,学生可根据图片1思考并回答以下三幅图的问题。

T: Now let’s have a look at the picture. What are they doing?

Ss1: In picture 2, the boy is littering.

Ss2: In picture 3, the man is smoking where he shouldn’t.

Ss3: The car is parking where no parking is allowed.

T: Do you think they are doing the right thing?

Ss(together): Of course not!

T: In all these pictures, they are perhaps on their travel. If you have a travel, which means of transportation will you choose? Now I give you some destinations, you should decide the transportation means. First, if you travel from Shanghai to Tokyo, which means of transportation will you choose?

St1: I will go to Tokyo from Shanghai by air.

T: What about from Beijing to Shanghai?

St2: I will go to Shanghai from Beijing by train.

通过这种导入方法进入新课,比较自然,学生比较容易能够接受,进行比较顺利,而且占时较短。

2. 充分利用各种教学媒体进行导入

随着经济的发展和科学的进步,各种教学设施日趋完善,电脑、电视机、投影仪、VCD、录像机、录音机等相继进入课堂。在我们学校高中英语课基本每天都会使用课件及投影设备,学生也觉得应用这些先进的教育手段上课他们感到非常有兴趣,对学习也很有帮助。所以,我们充分利用了这些设备进行教学导入。

2.1.直观导入法。直观导入法是指通过具体的实物、图片、简笔画、照片、幻灯片、录音、录像、VCD等手段,导入教学。它往往能直接引起学生的兴趣,将学生的注意力集中起来,直观的手段要比言语描述更为清晰明了,更容易激起学生的好奇心。如在上高中一册(上)第四单元Unforgettable experiences的阅读文章The Rescue时,教师可事先找一些与此有关的录像或VCD片段,通过放映,让学生感受到地震时人们的心情及地震所造成的灾难,从而更好地理解课文。又如在上第五单元The silver screen中的阅读Getting To Know STEVEN SPIELBERG时, 可直接放映由他导演的电影片段,学生往往在笑过之余,更迫切地希望了解STEVEN SPEILBERG的有关背景知识,起到了事半功倍的成效。又如上第十二单元Art and literature的阅读Harry Potter时,如果时间允许可放映电影Harry Potter的部分片断,这部电影学生都非常喜欢,所以能够激发他们学习的热情,增强对文章的理解。再如在上第二单元的阅读文章English Around The World时,教师可充分利用收音机和录音机的功能,选择性转录了BBC和VOA的英语节目,上课时让学生听,然后让他们判断英国英语和美国英语在发音和用词上的区别,加深学生的感性认识,并进而总结出一些典型的英音与美音的差别。

这种导入方法非常贴近学生的生活,学生看得听得津津有味,老师也能够比较容易的掌控整体的注意力。在讲Art and Literature那一单元reading课的导入时,我播放了一段Harry Potter的影片片断,学生特别喜欢,看得意犹未尽之时停放,借而把学生的思绪迁到课上来,效果比较好,因为学生对这部电影很了解也很喜欢,非常容易进入状态,所以利用学生所喜爱的电影导入新课无疑会让学生的思路轻而易举的被老师调动起来。

2.2.音乐欣赏导入法。教师可根据课文的需要,可直接让学生欣赏有关音乐、歌曲,因势利导地组织学生讨论音乐的作者、作品的主题等。如在上第十一单元The sounds of the world时,可让学生先欣赏Country Road (乡村音乐),双截棍(R&B),jazz, hip-hop , classic 等多种不同种类的歌曲并让学生判断这些歌曲分别属于何种音乐,从而引出The sounds of the world这个话题,进一步说明各种不同种类音乐的概念及特点,使学生感到兴趣盎然,意犹未尽。或者可以以自身为例,请学生欣赏一段My favorite music-Endless Love(蓝色生死恋主题曲),然后让学生谈论自己喜欢的音乐类型及原因。

For example:

Student A: My favourite music is Beijing Opera, because I was born in Beijing . Beijing opera is very traditional in China and it is deeply loved by Beijingers. At first you will find difficult to understand the words in it but after some time I’m really in love with it.

Student B: My favourite music are the songs by Jay Zhou. I think he is cool and I like his style very much. I can sing all the songs by him.

Student C: My favourite music is pop music. Because it is easy for me to understand the words in it and it is easy to follow. I like singing Karoke very much.

2.3.背景知识导入法。对于一些历史题材的课文,如在第七单元Cultural relics,第八单元Sports,教师可事先通过各种途径(如上英特网Internet等)找到相关的材料或背景知识,把它们制成幻灯片:或以关键词出现、或以时间为序、或以图片形式展示。教师采用以介绍作者、讨论课文背景为切入口,把学生引入到真实的语境中去,将语言的习得与语言的应用紧密地联系起来,既完成了教学任务又开拓了学生的知识面,符合语言的输入大于输出的原则。下面以第七单元为例来说明背景引入法。

通过先给出这些图片,分别展示了St Petersburg这座城市的历史与现貌,增强学生的感性认识。最后一幅图The city in ruins 引出课文。“Why the city was in ruins? If you want to know, let’s look at the text together.”由于这个问题使学生产生了兴趣,很想进一步了解为什么圣彼得堡这座城市曾经被毁.带着这个问题去读课文能够比较有针对性。结果证实学生的思路能够紧跟老师,并比较踊跃积极地在课文中寻找问题的答案。

3.以学生为中心,把他们言谈、表演作为导入

充分掌握学生的好表演、欲成功等特点,把学生的自由式谈话(Free-talk)、演讲(Speech)、和表演(Act)或作为课堂教学的导入,满足学生的表演欲和成就感。

3.1.自由谈话式(Free-talk)。教师可让学生进行俩俩对话或由值日班长提出话题,各自自由发表看法,也可分组汇报,内容不限,可以是天气、日期、学生的日常活动、新闻话题、社会热点,或是学生感兴趣的话题,如奥运会、足球赛等。教师充分利用学生所讲的内容,并适时地引入主题。

比如:在讲到unit6 Good manners时,可以让学生看图编对话。以教科书中warming up为例:

For example(student’s dialogues):

Dialogue 1: A: Excuse me. Can I come in?

B: Sure. We’ve already started.

A: I’m sorry. I missed the bus./I was ill and I went to the hospital with my mom./ I went to the restroom…

B: That’s ok. We’re on page 47.

Dialogue 2: A: Excuse me. May I interrupt you for a moment?

B: What is it?, Jordan?

A: I’m sorry, Mr. Baker. I put my homework on your desk./ It is about my paper. I would like to have your suggestions./ I am here to ask some questions about today’s lesson. There are some sentences that I felt rather difficult to understand….

3.2.三分钟演讲。教师让一位学生上台演讲三分钟,演讲的内容可根据演讲者的各自差异进行安排。如成绩滞后的学生可进行课文复述,程度中等的可进行与将要学的主题或与课文相关的内容作演讲。如在上第十单元The world around us时,让学生准备以Environment或pollution为主题演讲,收效良好。而成绩优秀的学生则可以作即兴演讲。因此,教师一定要作好充分的安排,确定有关人员及演讲的主题,把锻炼学生的演讲能力的同时作为一节课的导入。以高二(上)Unit4为例,在讲Integrating Skills那一节课时,我把检查学生作业(Student’s presentation)作为本节课的导入。学生的presentation以”my favourite poem”为题,讲述自己喜欢的英文诗歌以及为什么喜欢,能从中得到什么样的感受或启发。这节课作为我们学校刚刚结束的青年教师优质课展示活动中我的一节公开课,这两名同学的演讲为我的课增色不少,这种导入方式以及这节课的整个设计与安排也得到了听课老师的认可和好评。以下是两名同学的presentation实例。

Presentation 1:

Today, I ’ll show you a poem which is written by my favourite poet, called Tagore.

It goes like this:

One word keeps for me in thy silence,

O world, when I’m dead,

“I have loved.”

Tagore is Indian, and I find this beautiful poem in one of his collection of poem, called Stray Birds. Stray birds means flying birds, Tagore regarded his thoughts as birds flying in the head here and there, so he called his book a strange name.

So you know, I’ll tell you some of my flying thoughts after reading this short but meaningful poem.

First, we can see from the last sentence that is “I have loved”, but why didn’t the writer write down “I have ate my lunch”, “I have slept”, or something else instead?

Well, in my opinion, it’s all because the writer put ‘love’ in the highest position in his life.

As you know, love is the main line of our everyday life. Well, throughout the whole life, it is not only privilege but also a duty.

Besides playing and studying, we have to know how to be others’ friends, how to respect others, and most important-----how to love.

Well, all of us want to be a perfect guy, just like what Tagore wrote, at the time you are mortally ill, you don’t have any pity, but only sweet memory about all kinds of love that you have had. So, never let anything passes by without even notice.

Well, that’s some of my feelings that I want to share with you all. Thanks for listening!

By Tracy

Presentation 2:

Hello everyone! Today I will show you my favorite poem Take Me Home Country Road.

Let’s read the poem first.

I’m sure that most of you have heard the song before. It’s quite famous.

Next, I will show you some words and sentences that may be difficult to understand.

1. “Almost heaven, West Virginia.” refers to “West Virginia is beautiful almost like a heaven.”

西弗吉尼亚像天堂一样美丽.

2. “Growing like a breeze.” It means “Life is growing like a breeze.”(生命像清风一般成长) It’s imaginative, right?

3. “To the place I belong.” It means “My natural end” The phrase “Belong to” means belong.

我的归宿。

4. “Miners’ lady” It means 矿工们的圣母

5. “Driving down the road” It equals to “Driving along the road.”

Pay attention to all the she and her in this poem. They refer to West Virginia.

I love the poem. Because the graceful words show us the beautiful sceneries of West Virginia. From it we can see that the writer loves his hometown deeply. The deep emotion makes me moved.

The poem also makes me think about the life. While the writer gained many things such as private cars, money and colorful life in big cities, he lost the leisure and serenity of the countryside. When he drove along the country road, he was missing his hometown so much. So, which is more important to a person, Money or hometown? If it’s me, I do will choose the second one.

Ok. That’s all I want to tell you. Thanks for your listening!

By Wang Dan

由于高一一年我们比较重视培养学生的听说能力,并要求每班学生自愿结成小组,每组根据自己的兴趣选择本学期一个单元的主题作Presentation. 通过去年一年的训练,学生对于这种发言方式已不再陌生而且能够做到比较充分的准备而且现场发挥得也比较好。这两位同学的presentation之后,由此引入本节课的主题“How to enjoy and appreciate an English Poem?”这种导入方法既检查了作业的完成情况又适当地导入到新课的话题,经济地利用了时间,可谓一举两得。

3.3.课本剧表演。高中英语新教材中许多内容都可以编成课本剧。如第四单元的阅读The Rescue、第六单元的阅读Good Manners At A Dinner Table等。教师事先通过成绩好的学生进行改写成简单易懂的剧本,再由学生进行简单的排练,在上课时进行表演导入,既训练了学生的语言表达能力,又满足了学生的表演欲,使班上的学生在不知不觉中陶醉于英语学习之中。在讲第六单元是由于时间关系没有把这个想法付诸实践,所以这里无法给出实例。

3.4 趣味小测试(quiz).以高二(上)unit5 Reading为例,在第一节课中学生对British Isles已有一些初步的了解,在进行第二节Reading之前,可用quiz的形式对学生之前的知识进行测试,既复习了旧知识又可以自然过渡到即将要学习的新课上,最重要的一点就是学生对这种竞赛的方式非常有积极性,情绪高涨争先恐后,对新课的学习充满了热情和渴望。以下是Unit5 British Isles导入的实例.

First let the students do a small quiz about the UK

1.“The UK” is the short form of --(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland)

2. What is the capital city of the UK? (London)

3. How many parts is the UK made up of? (4)

4.What are they? (England, Soctland, Wales, Northern Ireland)

5. Match the capital city with the countries.

England Dublin

Wales Belfast

Scotland Cardiff

Northern Ireland Edinburgh

Ireland London

6. Which one is the National flag of the UK? (Three flags are shown on the PPT)

7. Do you know the name of the National anthem? (God Save the Queen)

(同时播放英国国歌让学生边欣赏边思考。)

这种导入的效果从学生的反映上来看非常好,再次证明了本文开始时我的观点“成功的导入使一堂课成功了一半”。因为我认为学英语重要的是感情和兴趣的培养,再有兴趣的情况下以积极的态度学习和枯燥无味的被动的学习是两种效果。在这堂课接下来的过程中学生能够紧跟我的教学步骤,积极的思考表现非常踊跃,这多数应归功于导入的成功。因为学生在处于竞争或比赛的状态之下的时候会比较容易产生积极的思想,整个班级能够很快进入一种热烈的课堂氛围,对下面的教学起到了非常好的促进作用。

4. 以教师的提问为主线,通过师生问答导入教学过程

教师在教学过程中起着主导的作用,除了借助插图、各种媒体、学生的言谈、表演外,更多的时候需要教师的导语。他可以进行提问,使用问题导入法;也可以通过复习,以旧带新进行导入;对课文题目进行讨论,直接破题导入;还可以通过重要的语言点进行导入。

4.1.问题导入法。问题导入法又称悬念导入法。随着学生学习习惯的养成,教师可以单刀直入,直接提出问题,设置悬念,使学生迅速进入课文的讨论中,并有一种“欲知详情,请看课文”的心情。

4.2.以旧带新进行导入。教师要有意识地选择一些与新知识有内在联系的已学过的知识,在温故而知新的原则上,教师或进行对比,或进行“连珠炮似的提问”(Question bombardment)、“突如其来的提问”(Brainstorming),来唤起学生对已学知识的回忆,达到温故而知新的目的。

4.3.破题导入。由于英语课文的体裁多种多样,涉及天文、地理、人文等诸多方面,许多内容是学生所熟悉的。因此,对于学生所熟悉的东西,教师往往可以直接破题而入,收到较好的效果。如在上第八单元的阅读The Olympic Games时,教师可以直接对题目进行导入:

T: What are the Olympic Games?

Ss: They are the World Sports Games that are held every four years.

T: Where were the Games first held?

Ss: In Greece….

……

又如在学习高二(上)Unit2 News Media 时,我这样导入这一新单元。

Lead-in for Unit 2

T: This summer holiday, a big sporting event took place in Athens, Greece. What is it?

Ss: The Olympic Games.

T: How many gold medals have we got? Silver medals? bronze medals?

Ss: We’ve got 32 gold medals, 17 silver medals and 14 bronze medals.

T: How can we know the details of the games?

Ss: By reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV, listening to the radio, also by a website.

T: Yes. In English we call it news media.

……

4.4.语言点导入。教师可根据课中主要语言点,进行设计导入,把枯燥的语言点变成有趣的导入,使学生易于接受。如在上第一单元Good Friends时,有一个语言点“be into”表示“喜欢…”,教师在上复习课时可作如下导入:

T:What is your hobby/interest?

SA: I like swimming.

T: What about you?

SB: I am fond of hiking.

T: So we can say A is into swimming and B is into hiking.

……

结束语

教学过程虽然十分强调学生的一面,但教师的作用依然不可忽视,而导入新课是其中最重要的作用之一。正如英国语言学家H. G. Widdowson (1990:33) 所说:“教师只有协调好日常教学活动(to mediate through everyday pedagogic activity)才能使教和学的双方同时取得可观的实际效果”。因此,教师要充分扮演好这一角色,设计好每节课的导入。

英语课堂教学的导入多种多样,教师应该根据不同类型、不同内容的课选择使用不同的导入手段,其目的只有一个:激发学生学习的兴趣,启迪他们的心智,使学生重塑自信(reassurance),觉得英语课好学、易学,产生兴趣,减少焦虑,达到事半功倍。因此,导入一定要有较强的目的性,让学生明确将要学什么、怎么学、为什么要学;它要具有较好的相关性,善于以旧拓新,温故而知新;它更要具有趣味性和启发性,能引人注目,颇有风趣,形成悬念,引人入胜,发人深思。

篇13:初三英语初升高英语衔接班第1-3讲(人教版高一英语上册学案设计)

初三英语初升高英语衔接班第1讲

一. 本周教学内容:

初升高英语衔接班第1讲

二. 重、难点:

(一)认识初、高中英语的区别

即将开始的高中学习生活,特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的:

1. 课本编排上的区别:初中的每一个单元是分为4课的,每篇中有的是对话,有的是阅读文,也配有一些练习,而高中的每个单元并不分课,而是基本上按版块划分,大体为“Warming up”(热身),即是针对本单元的话题提出的一些问题,以练习口语的形式做引子,便于进入本单元的主题,然后为“listening”(听力)和“speaking”(说),这两部分都是旨在进一步提高我们的听、说能力,难度较初中有较大的提高,请同学们做好准备。下个部分就是“Reading”了,高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习,可以说在内容上是极大地丰富了。除此之外还会有稍短的阅读,写作等方面的练习,即“Integrating skills”(综合训练)当然书后的workbook也与初中不同,内容更为丰富,练习也更多。

2. 在词汇上的区别:我们初中的教材已是新版本了,每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了,但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了,这也是新编教材的一个特点,加入了许多当前常用的,新出现的流行的词汇,也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的,所以,为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习,我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。

另外,对于高中英语词汇的学习,大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的,在学习单词时,我们既要了解它在文中的意思,还要掌握它在练习中,考试中可能出现的所有意思,用法及搭配等。

3. 在所学语法上的区别:在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了,而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句,非谓语动词、名词性从句,倒装结构、虚拟语气等等,其中的部分内容我们并不陌生,但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛,高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多,所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好,在后面的学习中,我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比,为大家步入高中学习打好基础。

4. 在课堂要求上的区别:大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的,而这种严格与小学又是不同的,所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来,在稍微宽松的环境中,对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现,而升入高中后又会有新的变化,对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生,那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外,自己一定不可放松,适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的;如果你是不太自觉的学生,那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病,除了完成要求交给老师的作业,那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种,都要持之以恒,千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求,即便是你已取得了一定成绩,也没有理由沾沾自喜。

5. 在考试评估制度上的区别:这一区别可能是影响最大的一点,我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中这种不正常的考试制度,很多人认为英语不用下功夫学,反正最后背背答案就可过关,这样成绩不错,学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法,初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了,这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的,这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁,肯定会感到很难,很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有范围的,不能靠背答案过关,而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的,难度肯定不小,但同学们也不要害怕,只要认真努力,坚持不懈,做好充分迎接失败的心理准备,然后在每次经历中吸取经验,一点点地弥补自己的不足,肯定会取得很好的成绩。

(二)基础语法再回顾--句子结构

英语的句子结构组成是与汉语有着很大区别的,我们在学习的时候,很多同学受母语的影响太大,在英文写作时完全按照汉语的顺序将英文进行堆砌,这是因为我们对于英文句子的构成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟练,没有形成英语语言习惯。规范的英文是由“主语+谓语+其他”。这种基本形式构成的,这种只有一套主、谓的句子叫做简单句,它有5种基本形式,即主+谓(vi.);主+系+表;主+谓(vt.)+宾;主+谓+宾+宾补;主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。由此可见,要想用英文正确表述一个意思,写成一句话,必须要有的就是主语和可以充当谓语的动词,而且当这个动词为不及物动词时,其后不可加宾语,当它是及物动词时,要根据要求和该词的用法在其后加上宾语或宾语及宾补或加上双宾语。当然在这5种形式中系表结构也是很常用,很重要的一种,而且系表动词常容易和实义动词相混,从而导致了一些病句的出现。综上所述,我们要想较好地掌握英文的句子结构必须弄清以下几点内容:

1. 可以充当谓语的几种形式:

既然谓语部分是构成句子的必要成份,那么掌握好它就起到了举足轻重的作用,谓语部分可由以下几种构成方式:

(1)不及物动词可以单独充当谓语。

如:

They arrived yesterday .

(2)及物动词要加上宾语之后才可构成完整的结构,另外,如果不及物动词后加上了一定的介词,那么介词后也要有宾语才能完整。

如:

They reached Tianjin yesterday .

They arrived in Tianjin yesterday .

他们昨天到达了天津。

(3)系表结构可以构成谓语。

如:She is a student . 她是个学生。

He felt very happy . 他感到很高兴。

(4)情态动词要加上动词原形后才可构成完整的谓语部分。

如:

We should protect our environment . 我们应该保护环境。

那么,动词的哪些形式可构成谓语呢?

① 行为动词的原形:do

② 行为动词的第三人称单数:does

③ 行为动词的过去式:did

④ be+行为动词-ing形式:be doing

⑤ be+行为动词的过去分词:be done

⑥ will+行为动词原词:will do

⑦ have / has / had+行为动词过去分词:have / has / had done

⑧ 系表动词+表语

2. 系表动词与行为动词的区别:

系表动词是表示状态变化等的动词,它包括be动词及一些可充当系表动词的实义动词,其中后者在充当系表动词时含义与充分行为动词时是不同的。系表动词后面接的是表语,而可以充当表语的是一些可以表示状态、特征、特性等内容的词或结构,如形容词、名词、介词短语一些副词、从句等等。这里我们尤其要注意的就是可充当表语的一些副词指的是可以表征状态特点的副词,如:

Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“结束了,完了”的这种状态。而很多副词并没有这种功能,自然也就不可以充当表语,如happy和happily,前者为形容词可表示主语的状态,而后者是形容以何方式做的某事,是在修饰动作,而非表示状态,因而,前者可作表语,后者则不可充当表语。

行为动词则是指描述具体或抽象行为、动作的动词,它可分为及物动词和不及物动词两种,如果想修饰这样的动词,则需要像happily这样的副词或是有相似的功能的词或结构。

如:

She went home happily . 她高兴地回家了。

He did it with great difficulty . 我费了很大劲才完成了这件事。

3. 要掌握准动词的性质、用法及搭配:

在学习动词时,尤其是重点动词,我们一定要知道它是哪种动词,及物?不及物?可否充当系表动词?有的动词性质较多,可能同时具有多种性质,这就需要我们注意它在何时可充当哪种动词。另外,对于动词的用法我们也要掌握,如每个动词后可带或常带什么结构,它有哪些习惯搭配,可构成什么词组等。

4. 在写简单句时的方法:

我们要注意简单句的顺序一般应为主、谓、宾,而一些状语如时间、地点方式等等状语则要放到主要结构后面出现。当然,有时为了强调或语言的表达需要,状语的位置会有所变化,但我们在写句子时一定要把握好以上原则,而不能按照汉语去逐个翻译。如“我们骑车去上学。”这个句子如果按照汉语习惯很可能会写成:We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能还会写出类似这样的句子:We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等错误的句子。但如果我们按照英文习惯来写就不会出现以上错误了,主语We+谓语go to school+状语by bike也就是We go to school by bike .

词语辨析(一)

1. - Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ?

- Yes , it really beautiful .

A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears

2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time .

A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes

3. - Oh , you painted the walls yourself ?

- Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didn’t much .

A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay

4. Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck .

A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought

5. They will Guangzhou tonight .

A. arrive B. get C. reach D. go

6. - Do you still have a headache , Billy ?

- No , it’s . I’m all right now , mum .

A. dropped B. run C. left D. gone

7. It will about half an hour to get to the park by bus .

A. spend B. cost C. want D. take

8. I didn’t quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ?

A. catch , speak B. hear , talk C. follow , explain D. listen , say

9. - will you finish your homework ?

- In half an hour .

A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. What time

10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it .

A. join B. join in C. take part D. attend

11. It’s going to rain . We’d better our things , so that they will not get wet .

A. put up B. put down C. put away D. put in

12. - Where can we get a football ?

- Let’s .

A. lend Jim one B. lend one to Jim

C. borrow one from Jim D. borrow one of Jim

13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher .

A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real

14. It’s that some foreign students will come to our school next week .

A. sure B. right C. real D. true

15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan .

A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. to the end

16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination .

A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasant

17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting .

A. live B. lively C. living D. alive

18. - When is he going to leave ?

- next week .

A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Some times

19. What words can you talk about the picture ?

A. used to B. use to C. look for D. look up

20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .

A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down

21. - Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ?

- I don’t think so . Now the young the old can speak some English .

A. either , or B. not only , but also C. neither , nor D. both , or

22. - Look ! The bus is coming .

- But there are too many people . We can’t it .

A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up

23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .

A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out

24. - Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ?

- , please .

A. Call on B. Go on C. Hold on D. Carry on

词语辨析(二)

1. Don’t the road when the light is red .

A. across B. cross C. pass D. past

2. I’m thirsty . Please me something to drink .

A. take B. bring C. carry D. show

3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day .

A. like B. love C. want D. think

4. This digital camera is so expensive that I can’t it .

A. carry B. use C. pay D. afford

5. I’m not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf .

A. feel B. take C. arrive D. reach

6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us ?

A. follow B. share C. join D. enjoy

7. I you a pleasant journey .

A. wish B. hope C. expect D. want

8. What would you like to us about your hometown ?

A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say

9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong .

A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say

10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?

A. heard about B. hear from C. heard of D. hear to

11. This is very difficult . I can’t work it out .

A. math B. physics C. question D. problem

12. The young lady over there our new English teacher .

A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can be

13. We should keep in the reading-room .

A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly

14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but she

nothing .

A. looked , saw B. saw , saw C. watched , looked D. looked , find

15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio .

A. turn on B. put down C. turn down D. put on

16. It’s not polite to others when they are in trouble .

A. get on well with B. play games with C. laugh at D. wait for

17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him .

A. went over B. fell behind C. put off D. dropped off

18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian .

A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up

19. - Can I use the expression in the text ?

- No . It has . Nobody uses it today .

A. given up B. broken down C. gone out D. got off

20. I don’t know Sam’s telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?

A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look at it

21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly .

A. went on B. went over C. went down D. went out

22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes .

A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about

23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home .

A. look at B. take out C. look for D. take care of

24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .

A. get in B. get on C. get back D. get to

词语辨析(三)

1. Let’s him a message to meet us at the station .

A. take B. get C. leave D. receive

2. Never forget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody .

A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 .

A. had B. went C. fought D. lasted

4. The girl’s team us in the football match .

A. beat B. knock C. hit D. won

5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said .

A. touch B. catch C. hear D. find

6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone .

A. learn B. hear C. see D. understand

7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers .

A. carry B. take C. accept D. keep

8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people .

A. keep B. have C. hold D. fill

9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school .

A. fast B. quick C. rapid D. soon

10. Many people were burnt to in the fire .

A. die B. dead C. death D. dying

11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .

A. family B. house C. home D. room

12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into .

A. space B. sky C. heaven D. universe

13. Tom’s ill in hospital and his mother is him .

A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after

14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China .

A. put up B. put off C. sent up D. sent away

15. The students in our class very well with each other .

A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get to

16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table .

A. ate up B. looked up C. took up D. ate out

17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me ?

A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up

18. You may and then decide if you’ll buy it .

A. try on it B. try out it C. try it on D. try it out

19. - What’s wrong with your aunt , Bill ?

- She’s very ill . A doctor must be .

A. sent back B. sent up C. sent away D. sent for

20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education .

A. set up B. set out C. put down D. put on

21. “ Get a ladder , please . I can’t . ” Jim said in a tall tree .

A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over

22. - Did Jack come for the meeting last night ?

- No . He was so tired that he soon in his room .

A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over

23. If you don’t know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .

A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out

24. Please the TV . I’d like to see the TV play .

A. turn up B. turn on C. turn down D. turn off

词语辨析(四)

1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others .

A. noise B. noisy C. voice D. sound

2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us .

A. smile B. smiling C. laugh D. laughing

3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him .

A. have to B. must C. don’t have to D. mustn’t

4. I’m sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School .

A. win B. beat C. lose D. fail

5. It took her afternoon to check out information .

A. the whole , the all B. the whole , all the

C. whole , all the D. whole the , the all

6. Could you please help me the children ?

A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress in

7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital .

A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn’t return

8. Jack , all the things on the desk .

A. puts away B. put away C. puts on D. took away

9. , young man ! If you’re late for work again , you’ll lose your job .

A. Watch your step B. Take it easy C. Use your head D. Have a look

10. - I’m going to school now . Bye , Mum .

- Wait ! It’s cold outside . your coat , please .

A. Put on B. Take off C. Put up D. Take down

11. - Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight .

- You’d better the police .

A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over

12. He has for three or four days .

A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cold

13. The farmers are all busy the next year .

A. get ready for B. got ready for

C. getting ready for D. gets ready for

14. The students will the hole the earth .

A. fill , with B. full , to C. fill , to D. full , by

15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did .

A. Both , and B. Either , or C. Neither , nor D. Not , but

16. - When is the plane to Shanghai going to take off ?

- . Please get ready as soon as possible .

A. For a moment B. Just a moment

C. In a moment D. A moment ago

17. - Why are you in such a hurry ?

- I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have to leave .

A. before long B. right now C. from now on D. all the time

18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him .

A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned back

19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didn’t want them to in the park .

A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready

20. I have friends . They often come to see me .

A. a quite new B. a few quite C. quite a few D. quite few

21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others .

A. such friend of B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. such a wonderful

22. Lucy said she hadn’t heard music before .

A. such a beautiful piece of B. a beautiful

C. so beautiful a D. such a wonderful

23. After we them , we the last match .

A. beat , beat B. won , beat C. beat , won D. win , won

24. Would you please speak slowly ? I can hardly you .

A. talk with B. agree with C. follow D. hear of

[参考答案]

词语辨析(一)

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B

11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D

21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C

词语辨析(二)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B

11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B

21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A

词语辨析(三)

1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C

11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A

21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B

词语辨析(四)

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A

11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C

21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C

词语辨析(一)

1. 选B。考查4个动词中可作表动词的一项,且可表示“听起来”,只有sounds符合。

2. 选B。可以接it做形式宾语的动词A、B、C三个均可,但A、C常用人做主语,且由句意思“互联网使得在短时间内获得很多新知识变得容易。”这样只有makes一项符合要求。

6. 选D。此句意为“头痛已经消失了。”所以gone是正确选项,它可表示某人或某物、某事消失,不存在了。

10. 选B。join后可以接组织等,表示长时间地加入,也可加某人,指短时间地加入;join in可以活动,比赛等;take part后加in才可加活动,比赛等,而attend较为正式,用于正式场合,如出席会议等。故选B。

词语辨析(三)

10. 选C。固定搭配be burnt to + n. 被烧成……,所以只有C为die的名词。

词语辨析(四)

6. 选B。考查与“穿”有关的动词区别,其中只有dress后可加某人,意为给“某人穿衣服”。

初升高英语衔接班第2讲

一. 本周教学内容

初升高英语衔接班第2讲

初中基础知识疏理(2)

二. 重、难点

有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理:

1. 简单句:

(1)定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句,如:We learn English . 我们学英语。(一个主语和一个谓语)

Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .

小张和小王都是北京人。(一个并列主语和一个谓语)

He once lived and worked here .

他曾经在这里居住和工作过。(一个主语和一个并列谓语)

My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening .

我父母早上七点上班,晚上八点回家。(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)

(2)分类:上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述;另外,根据句子的功能或使用目的,简单句可分四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。

2. 并列句:

(1)定义:用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。

(2)并列句的构成:简单句+连接词+简单句

(3)连接并列句常用的连接词:and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。

eg.

I help her and she helps me . 我帮她,她帮我。

He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了,但他身体很好。

We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我们得赶快走,不然就晚了。

This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .

这个姑娘工作认真,从不出差错。

Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday .

吉姆上星期不但写信给我,而且昨天还来看过我。

Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory .

理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。

Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他该受责备,就是我该受责备。

注意:连接词so除起连接并列句作用外,兼有结果意味;有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如:

He can swim , so can I . 他会游泳,我也会。(so代替swim)

Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air .

铁是一种物质,水和空气也是物质。(so在后一句中起表语作用)

3. 主从复合句

(1)定义:主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体,从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用,就叫什么从句。

(2)状语从句:状语从句在句中起状语作用,修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。在初中阶段我们主要学习了以下几种状语从句:

① 时间状语从句:常见引导词:when(当……时),as(一边……一边,当……时),while(在……过程中),before(在……以前),after(在……之后),since(自从……以来),till(until)(直到……,直到……才),as soon as(一……就……)等。

进入高中阶段之后,我们还会再见到另外一些常用的连接词。在由以上连接词或词组连接的主从复合句中,主句谓语动词所表示的动作和从句谓语动词所表示的动作有时是同时发生、有时是先后发生。因此,在理解和运用带时间状语从句的主从复合句时,要根据连接词所表示的不同时间意义,特别注意主句和从句的谓语动词的时态。这是掌握时间状语从句的关键。

② 原因状语从句:常由because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)等连接词引导。

eg.

He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio .

他没听见敲门声,因为他正在听收音机。

Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English .

既然你今天休息,你最好帮我学习英语。

As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip .

由于天气好,他们决定作一次短途旅行。

③ 地点状语从句:

常由where(在……地方),wherever(无论……在哪儿)等连接词引导。

如:

I’ll go where work conditions are difficult . 我愿意到工作条件困难的地方去。

Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul .

无论你在哪里工作,你都应该全心全意为人民服务。

④ 条件状语从句:常由if(假如,如果),unless(除非)等连接词或连接词组引导。如:

If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along ?

如果明天我去长城,你会和我一起去吗?

He is sure to come unless he has some urgent work to do at home .

除非他家里有急事要办,不然他一定会来的。

⑤ 比较或方式状语从句:常由as…as(像…一样),than(比),the…the(越……就越),as(正如),as if(似乎,好象)等引导。如:

I know you better than she does . 我比她更了解你。

The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get . 你实践得越多,你得到的知识就越多。

You should study English as hard as Mary does .

你应该像玛丽那样努力学习英语。

The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .

这位老人跑得很快,简单像个年轻人。(在以as if连接的从句中,谓语动词用过去式,系动词were可用于所有人称,表示虚拟语气,而不是真实情况。)

⑥ 目的状语从句:常由so(使得),that(以便),so that(为了,使得),in order that(这样……就)等来引导。如:

They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time .

他们很早出发,以便及时赶到车站。

She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class . 她在课上认真记笔记,以便能在课下利用它们复习功课。

⑦ 结果状语从句:常由so(结果),so that(结果),so…that(such…that)(如此……以致……)等连接词引导。如:

Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人帮忙,结果工作及时完成。

He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in class .

他作业完成得很好,结果他的老师在班上表扬了他。

The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much .

这部电影这么有趣(以致于)我非常喜欢它。

It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away . 这是一个很重的箱子,谁也搬不走。

⑧ 让步状语从句:常由though(although)(虽然……但……),even if(即使),however(不管怎样),whatever(无论什么),no matter how(who…)(不管多么……)(无论谁……)等连接词或连接词组引导。如:

He went to school , though he was ill . 虽然他病了,但还是去上学了。(注意:有(al)though的句子,就有“虽……但是”的含义,不能在主句中用but,但可接yet,still等。)

She carried on the job even if she had a bad cold . 即使她患了重感冒,她还是坚持工作。

However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .

无论我怎么做,都算不出这道数学题来。

Whatever you say , I will not change my mind . 不论你怎么说,我都不会改变主意。

He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is .

不论天气多冷,他都坚持在冬天进行体育锻炼。

No matter who asks her for help , she is ready to help . 无论谁请她帮忙,她都愿意帮助。

(3)定语从句:

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。

引导定语从句的关系代词有who , whom , whose , which , that等。这些是我们在初中已学习过的,对于它们的用法已经在以前的讲解中多次提到过,主要掌握它们指代人还是物,在句中可以充当什么成分。

引导定语从句的关系副词有where , when , why等,这些是高中要学习的内容,在后面的讲解中我们会渗透其用法及定语从句其他内容。

(4)名词性从句:

在主从复合句中,从句可以起主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语作用在多数情况下,这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以起这四种成分作用的从句统称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的关联词有:连接词that , whether , if;疑问代词who , what , which , whose;疑问副词when , where , how , why等。在这四种从句中,我们已学过的是宾语从句,其他三种在课文中偶尔出现过,只要求理解,宾语从句是必须掌握的内容,对于它的三要素也已多次复习过,请同学们认真学习并将有关练习题做好,为今后学习其他三种名词性从句打好基础。

【模拟试题】

主从复合句(一)

宾语从句:

1. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk .

A. that B. where C. which D. what

2. Could you tell me ? I’m his old friend .

A. where does Jim live B. when will Jim come back

C. where Jim has gone D. how is Jim

3. I’m sorry I can’t decide to do .

A. what B. how C. when D. where

4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .

A. when B. where C. whether D. that

5. He hasn’t decide .

A. if he’ll go on a trip to Hainan B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan

C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan

6. Do you know the population of Shenyang ?

A. what is B. how much is C. what are D. how many are

7. I don’t know when . When he , I’ll let you know .

A. will he come , will come B. he will come , comes

C. he comes , will come D. does he come , comes

8. Do you know if back next week ? If he back , please let me know .

A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes

C. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come

9. -Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ?

-I think they will come if they free .

A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be

10. -Do you know ? I’m going to see him .

-Sorry , I don’t know .

A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived

11. Could you tell me ?

A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for

C. where the bus station is D. why were you late

12. -What did your son say in the letter ?

-He told me that he the Disney World the next day .

A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit

13. You must remember .

A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say

C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said

14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book .

A. that B. how C. what D. if

15. -Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane ?

-Certainly . Go straight along here .

A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can

16. -Be careful ! Don’t break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David ?

-Yes , mum .

A. what B. that C. why D. if

17. -Do you know ?

-He’s Tom’s father .

A. who is he B. what he is C. what’s he D. who he is

18. I’d like to know .

A. when will he give back the tape

B. whether has he received higher education

C. that he has been busy

D. whether she will join in our English Evening

19. The students are studying hard , for they know .

A. what are they studying for B. what are they studying

C. what they are studying for D. why they are studying for

20. Will you please tell me ?

A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was

C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built

21. -Where does he come from ?

-Pardon ?

-I asked where .

A. did he come from B. he came from

C. he comes from D. does he come from

22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night ?

A. is there B. there is going to have

C. there is going to be D. will there be

23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year .

A. built B. will build C. will be built D. would be built

24. She said she hoped her soon .

A. him to see B. he would see C. him seeing D. he is seeing

主从复合句(二)

状语从句:

1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .

A. so , as B. so , that C. as , as D. too , to

2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it .

A. when B. after C. before D. till

3. -What are you going to do in the future ?

-I’d like to be a doctor you are .

A. so B. as C. what D. when

4. He wait until the rain .

A. won’t , will stop B. won’t , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop

5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .

A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had

6. -Is David at school today ?

-No . He is at home he has a bad cold .

A. because B. if C. though D. until

7. We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday .

A. won’t rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesn’t rain

8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school .

A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether

9. he’s very young , he knows several languages .

A. Though , but B. Because , so C. Though , / D. Because , /

10. I was cleaning my room Tom called me .

A. when B. until C. while D. if

11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesn’t rain tomorrow .

A. until B. before C. as D. if

12. I was reading a newspaper he came in .

A. as soon as B. since C. while D. when

13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn’t hungry .

A. if B. though C. because D. as

14. You’d better do it your mother did .

A. when B. as C. like D. because

15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city .

A. before B. since C. while D. as soon as

16. all the passengers are here . Why don’t we start at once .

A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When

17. I’ll come to see you I’m free next Sunday .

A. until B. after C. if D. before

18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework .

A. when B. because C. if D. after

19. -Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .

-Yes . But if it , we’ll visit the museum instead .

A. you have , will rain B. you will have , will rain

C. you will have , rains D. will you have , rains

20. I don’t go to bed I finish my homework .

A. until B. when C. after D. since

21. I don’t know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish .

A. rains , rains B. rains , will rain C. will rain , rains D. will rain , will rain

22. They were doing maths exercises I left .

A. before B. until C. when D. as soon as

23. Mr. Green doesn’t climb down the chimney until the children .

A. fall asleep B. were asleep C. go to bed D. are sleeping

24. I’ll catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line .

A. reach B. is reaching C. reaches D. will reach

主从复合句(三)

定语从句:

1. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best .

A. who B. which C. where D. whose

2. This is the man last night .

A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw

C. which I saw D. who I saw him

3. Do you know the man spoke just now ?

A. which B. what C. who D. whom

4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn’t expected(预料).

A. when B. that C. which D. it

5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan .

A. which B. his C. whose D. with

6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week .

A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C

7. This is the very boy I have been looking for .

A. which B. that C. who D. whom

8. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .

-Is that the reason you had a few days off ?

A. why B. when C. what D. where

9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French .

A. where B. who C. in which D. which

10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan .

A. that B. whom C. which D. /

11. I don’t like such a person often lies before your face .

A. what B. that C. as D. which

12. The trees were planted last year grow well .

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here .

A. which B. that C. who D. they

14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .

A. who B. that C. which D. Both B and C

15. He is not the man he used to be .

A. that B. whose C. which D. what

16. I lost the book my sister bought last week .

A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C

17. He is one of the students who praised by the teacher .

A. were B. was C. have D. has

18. The village he lives is very beautiful .

A. in that B. in whom C. in which D. that

19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month .

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

20. Mary likes to eat food has chocolate in it .

A. that B. it C. those D. this

21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing .

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day .

A. which attracts B. which attract C. that attract D. it attracts

23. Which of the following sentence is right ?

A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him .

B. I hate people that talk much but do little .

C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it .

D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing .

24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week ?

A. what B. that C. where D. when

[参考答案]

(一)

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C

9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A

17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B

(二)

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B

9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C

17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C

(三)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A

9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D

17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B

主从复合句(一)宾语从句

7. 选择B。此题第一个空的when引导的是宾语从句,其时态因主句是一般现在时而要根据从句本身所要表示的情况确定时态,此句意思是“我不知道他什么时候要来”,应为将来时;而第二个空前的when引导的是时间状语从句,又表示的是还没发生的事,因此符合主将从现的时态要求,故从句用一般现在时,选择B。类似的题还有8和9。

15. 选择B。此题首先考查宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序,因而排除A、C。又因为回答“一直沿着这走,”所以选how引导的宾语从句。

主从复合句(二)状语从句

1. 选择B。此句意为“山太险太陡峭了以至于我们城市里几乎没有人能登上山顶。”因而选“so…that…”,“too…to”后面连接不定式构成简单句式,与题不符。

16. 选择C。此处的now that意为“既然”此句意为“既然所有的乘客都在这,我们为何不马上启程呢?”

主从复合句(三)定语从句

4. 选择C。此句主从句之间有逗号分开,且从句并非主句必要成份,属于非限制性定语从句,应由which来引导,不可用that。

8. 选择A。reason做先行词,其后定语从句又缺少原因状语,故用why这一关系副词。

初升高英语衔接班第3讲

一. 本周教学内容:

初升高英语衔接班第3讲

总结it的用法和there be句型的用法

二. 重、难点:

(一)It的用法小结

1. It作主语的句子

(1)It指前面已经提到过的人或事物(有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物)时,It是真正的主语。

如:

What’s this ? -- It’s a horse . 这是什么?--这是一匹马。

Who is it ? -- It’s me . 谁?--是我。

It’s the wind shaking the window . 是风刮得窗户响。

(2)It指时间、季节

如:

What time is it ? -- It’s nine . 几点了?--九点了。

It’s time for the meeting . Let’s go . 开会的时间到了,我们走吧!

What day is today ? -- It’s Saturday . 今天星期几?--今天星期六。

What is the date today ? -- It’s Oct.(the)1st . 今天是几号?--今天是十月一号。

What season is it ? -- It is summer . 现在是什么季节?--是夏季。

(3)It指气候。

Is it cold in this room ? -- No , it isn’t . 屋里冷吗?--不冷。

What’s the weather like today ? -- It’s fine . 今天天气怎么样?--是晴天。

It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city .

这个城市夏天经常下雨,冬天经常下雪。

(4)It指距离、情况等。

如:

It is five kilometres from my home to the school .

从我家到学校有5公里。

It is very near from this factory to that one .

从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

It is a long way to the sea .(这)离海很远。

Is it well with you ? 你身体好吗?

2. It作形式主语

动词不定式、动名词短语或从句在句中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。

(1)It +谓语+动词不定式。It作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语。

如:

It is difficult to climb a mountain . 爬山是很艰难的。

It is a good habit to do morning exercises . 做早操是个好习惯。

It is important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language .

在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

It is right to do so . 这样做是对的。

(2)It+谓语+动名词短语。It作形式主语,动名词作真正的主语。

如:

It is no use learning without thinking . 学而不思则罔。

It’s useless arguing with a silly boy . 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

(3)It+谓语+名词性从句。It作形式主语,以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

如:

It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film .

你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。

It is certain that we shall succeed . 我们一定会成功。

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives .

真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。

It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning .

据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

3. It作形式宾语

It作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。

如:

I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language .

我认为你们中国学生学习英语不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。

I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language . 我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。

I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming . 我记得向你明确表示过我不来。

They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job .

他们要向公众表明,他们在做一件必需做的重要工作。

4. It用于强调结构

在表示强调的结构中it可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:

It+动词be+被强调的部分(词或词组)+that+其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who,whom代替that。

如:

Miss Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon .

王老师每周一下午教我们英语。

强调主语:It is Miss Wang who teachers us English every Monday afternoon .

强调间接宾语:It is us whom Miss Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon .

强调直接宾语:It is English that Miss Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon .

强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Miss Wang teaches us English .

It was here that I first met him . 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。(强调状语)

It is the people who(或that)are really powerful . 真正强大的是人民。(强调主语)

(二)有关含有引导词there的句子结构

英语“There + be+(not)”结构表示“有(没有)某人或某物”时,there是无词义的引导词,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须一致。句末往往有表示地点或时间的状语。

1. 肯定式(表示“有”)

There+(助动词或情态动词)+be+主语+地点(时间)状语。

如:

There is a picture on the wall . 墙上有一张画儿。

There are 24 hours in a day . 一天有二十四小时。

There was only one school in the village before . 以前这个村子里只有一所小学。

There were 1,500 students in our school last year . 去年我校有一千五百名学生。

注意:如果there + be之后是并列主语,第一个主语又是单数名词时,习惯上用There is …

如:

There is a boy and a girl in the room . 屋里有一个男孩和一个女孩。

There is a pen and some books on her desk . 她的书桌上有一支钢笔和一些练习本。

2. 否定式(表示“没有”)

There + be(助动词或情态动词)+not(any)(或+no)+主语……

如:

There was not an underground in Beijing before . 北京从前没有地下铁道。

There are not fairies in the world . 世上没有神仙。

There is nothing more for me to do now . 现在没有别的什么事要我做了。

There are not many people who want to read this book . 没有多少人要看这本书。

There won’t be a dance this weekend . 本周末没有舞会。

3. 疑问式

(1)一般疑问句

① Be+there+(any)+主语……?

② 助动词或情态动词+there+be+(any)+主语……?

如:

Is there anything I can do for you ? 我能为你做点什么吗?

Is there any water in your bottle ? 你的瓶里有水吗?

Will there be a report by the famous scientist this afternoon ? 今天下午有那位著名科学家做报告吗?

(2)特殊疑问句:疑问词(+名词)+be+there+状态?

如:

How many months are there in a year ? 一年有几个月?

What’s there in your pocket ? 你口袋里装的是什么?

When will there be lasting world peace ? 什么时候世界上能有持久的和平?

4. 含有引导词there的句子用seem to be,happen to be,used to do或live等词作谓语的结构。

如:

There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop .

恰好在商店里有我的一个老朋友。

There used to be a temple here . 以前这儿有一座庙。

There seemed to be no point in refusing . 看来没理由拒绝。

There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea .

从前,在海边的一个村庄里住着一个老渔民。

综合练习(一)

1. Look ! There some apples in that tree .

A. is B. was C. are D. were

2. - What’s on the plate ?

- There some bread on it .

A. is B. are C. has D. have

3. Lucy and Lily going to the Great Wall tomorrow .

A. are B. is C. am D. be

4. Three fourths of the homework today .

A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished

5. A large number of the students in our class girls .

A. are B. was C. is D. be

6. The number of in our class fifty .

A. student , is B. the students , are C. the students , is D. students , are

7. Either of the two books for you . You can choose one .

A. are B. were C. is D. was

8. The population of our country by 50 percent over the last twenty years .

A. has increased B. were risen C. have been increased D. have rose

9. Maths my favourite subject .

A. be B. is C. am D. are

10. Here a new pair of shoes for you .

A. is B. are C. have D. has

11. The Chengs here for years .

A. is living B. have lived C. has lived D. lives

12. Not only my brother buy also I good at painting . Both of us good painters .

A. are , are B. am , are C. is , is D. are , is

13. - Two months quite a long time .

- Yes , I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons .

A. is B. are C. was D. were

14. Every man , woman and child in this club to realize the danger of smoking .

A. come B. comes C. have begun D. must

15. Everyone except David and Sam there when the meeting began .

A. is B. was C. are D. were

16. - Are the twins on the football team ?

- No , neither of them on the team .

A. is B. are C. were D. be

17. - I have no letters from Peter .

- Oh , well , no news good news now .

A. is B. are C. was D. were

18. One and a half apples on the table .

A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left

19. When and where to build the new factory yet .

A. is not decided B. are not decided

C. has not decided D. have not decided

20. Doing eye exercises good for your health .

A. are B. is C. have D. has

21. There an apple and ten bananas in the basket . You can take any of them .

A. are B. is C. has D. have

22. Each of the boys an apple .

A. have B. has C. to have D. to has

23. - Are there any fish in the lake now ?

- No . any water in it in winter .

A. There isn’t B. There aren’t C. It isn’t D. They aren’t

24. Joan with her uncle going to visit the Summer Palace next month .

A. are B. is C. was D. were

综合练习(二)

1. The story is interesting . That means it is interesting story .

A. an , the B. the , an C. / an D. / , a

2. I found the cat was in room .

A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy’s

3. of the teachers in the school is 300 , of them are women teachers .

A. The number , first fourth B. The number , one fourth

C. A number , one second D. A number , three quarters

4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic . So it will take us time to go to Pudong International Airport .

A. a few B. fewer C. a little D. less

5. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city .

A. so a beautiful B. very a beautiful C. such beautiful a D. quite a beautiful

6. - It’s a nice car . have you been in it ?

- Just to Shanghai .

A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far

7. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ?

A. through B. across C. on D. in

8. - I’m going to the supermarket .

- Will you get me some chocolates you are there , mum ?

A. since B. because C. if D. while

9. - Must I leave right now ?

- No , you .

A. may not B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

10. - There is a ticket on the floor , is it yours ?

- Oh , yes , it’s mine .

- Let me for you .

A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up

11. The teacher told the boys in the street .

A. not play B. not to play C. don’t play D. don’t to play

12. I have finished this book . You can take it away .

A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads

13. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day .

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

14. I have to go now . Please remember to the lights when you leave .

A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on

15. Don’t ask me such a strange question , ?

A. shall we B. will not you C. will you D. don’t you

16. - Are the twins on the football team ?

- No , neither of them on the team .

A. is B. are C. were D. be

17. Mr. King didn’t know yesterday evening .

A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home

C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home

18. I didn’t know they could pass the exam or not .

A. that B. what C. which D. whether

19. - Who has a dictionary , children ?

- I have .

A. it B. this C. one D. so

20. He returned to the small town he grew up as a child .

A. which B. where C. that D. when

21. In China , when the traffic lights are green , the traffic go and people on foot

cross the street .

A. can , can’t B. can’t , can C. can’t , must D. needn’t , must

22. - What are you going to do next Sunday ?

- .

A. I’m sorry B. Here you are C. I’ve no idea D. That’s right

23. I can’t find the right size . The shoes in the shop are too big too small .

A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and D. not , or

24. The colour of his socks is different from of mine .

A. one B. that C. it D. this

综合练习(三)

1. It was spring . American girl went to London .

A. a , The , a B. / , The , / C. / , An , / D. / , A , /

2. It’s a long to Paris . It’s two thousand kilometers .

A. street B. road C. way D. walk

3. Where are the students ? Are they in ?

A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room

4. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai .

A. this B. it C. that D. one

5. - In our English study reading is more important than speaking , I think .

- I don’t agree . Speaking is reading .

A. as important as B. so important as

C. the most important D. the same as

6. - Can you understand me ?

- Sorry , I can understand you .

A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever

7. - You’d better not go out now . It’s raining .

- It doesn’t matter . My new coat can keep rain .

A. in B. of C. with D. off

8. How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus ?

A. when B. if C. once D. that

9. You go and ask Meimei . She know the answer .

A. must , can B. must , may C. need , can D. can , may

10. - I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now .

- Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework .

A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped

11. My watch doesn’t work . I must have it .

A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing

12. She usually to work on foot but today she by bike .

A. go , going B. goes , is going C. is go , is going D. goes , going

13. - Where you your ticket ?

- I it on the floor .

A. have , found , founded B. did , find , founded

C. did , found , found D. did , find , found

14. You may go fishing if your work .

A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done

15. - James , these are your socks . Please .

- OK , Mum .

A. put away it B. put it away C. put away them D. put them away

16. Martin is good at fishing , ?

A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he

17. - How many students are there in your school ?

- the students in our school over two thousand .

A. The number of , is B. The number of , are

C. A number of , is D. A number of , are

18. He asked me .

A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have

C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me

19. Ann has been so busy these days she has no time to play with her friends .

A. when B. that C. because D. and

20. - Oh , there is someone in the room .

- must be my mother .

A. There B. She C. This D. It

21. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday ?

A. one B. where C. that D. which

22. The sign “ BUSINESS HOURS ” can be seen in a .

A. shop B. school C. park D. museum

23. - Would you like some more ?

- . I’m full .

A. Yes , please B. I’d love to C. No , I wouldn’t D. No , thanks

24. - Have you moved into your new home ?

- Not yet , the rooms .

A. were being painted B. are painting C. were painted D. are still being painted

[参考答案]

综合练习(一)

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A

11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B

21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B

综合练习(二)

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D

11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B

21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B

综合练习(三)

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B

11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. D

21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D

综合练习(一)

1. 选C。There be结构有就近原则,后面名词为复数,又由“Look !”知为现在时,故选C。

4. 选B。带有分数的短语做主语,要根据后面的名词决定谓语的单、复数,此题homework不可数,故用单数形式,且作业要被做,所以要用被动语态,因此B项正确。

13. 选A。一段时间或一段距离若视为一个整体,则看成单数,故选“is”。

综合练习(二)

2. 选D。如果指两者共同拥有的一件东西则在后者加上所有格,前者不加,若指分别拥有的多种东西,则每个名词都要用所有格形式。

综合练习(三)

10. 选B。在主动语态中加不带to的不定式宾补的动词,在被动语态中要还原“to”。因此用B,“to help”。

21. 选C。此句为定语从句。当先行词被very等词修饰时,只能由that来引导宾语从句,因此选C。

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初、高中英语教学衔接浅谈(人教版高一)
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