上海新东方:四级写作精解(通用8篇)由网友“焦大王”投稿提供,下面是小编给大家整理后的上海新东方:四级写作精解,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1:上海新东方:四级写作精解
一 题型分析
从以来,四六级作文逐渐让正反阐释文(一些人认为,另一些人认为,我认为)这样的文体淡出历史舞台。取而代之的是一种以说明具体的原因现象的的文章(现象引入、原因、危害、方法等用层次过渡加以提示(如:1 2 3)。这种文章是最近几年四级和六级的主打题型,本次作文的题目也在考前预料之内,用原因现象类的写作方式可以轻松应对的。
本文提纲如下:
1、校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动,现招募志愿者
2、本次志愿者活动的目的,内容,安排等
3、报名联系方式
提纲 比较清晰,不存在理解障碍,是比较典型的三段式写作方式,按照我们教学中讲的拆分提纲办法可以在考试中简单地把提纲稍作改动如下:
1. 学生会有招募志愿者的活动,值得关注
2. 本次志愿者活动的安排如下:1 目的 2 内容 3 安排
3. 报名方式及联系方式分别给出
各段的提纲句用自己能够支撑的语言写成主题句放在段首,然后在找出最简单的内容去支撑小的观点。每个观点一句话即可。
二.高分范文示例:
a poster recruiting
now people in growing numbers realize that it is important for college students to take an active part in social activities. therefore, the student union of our university decides to organize a social practice during the summer holiday and is now recruiting volunteers from all the students.
the details of the activity are listed as follows. first of all, the activity is designated to broaden the students’ view so as to enrich their knowledge. next, the arrangement mainly includes looking after the senior citizens who live alone, introducing the effective ways of environmental protection to the passers-by in the street and cooperating in a survey for some companies. last but not least, the timetable, namely schedule, will be settled down by next monday.
it is high time that we placed great emphasis on the information beyond books. as long as you are an undergraduate student of this university and are willing to take the responsibility to help others, welcome to contact us at 12345678 or send email to joy@hotmail.com. please act without delay!
本文严格按照如下四个基本要求操作:
1. 结构合理三段式。
1) 应试作文不可以只写两段,一定要达到三段,有时候根据需要4段或最多5段也可以,不过作为四级考试不推荐写作过长。只要满足三个段落,而且这三个段落的长度也要分布均衡合理,首位段落可以短一点,但是中间段落的长度一定要有足够保证,否则会出现头重脚轻的局面,给老师的印象非常不好。
2) 段落之间的足够间距要保证,可以采用齐头式(每段顶格,段与段之间空一行的方式)
2. 中心突出主题句
文章的切题体现在提纲上,最好的办法就是将提纲的中文提示改写成主题句放在段落首位。这一点至关重要。
3. 层次清晰导航词。
由于阅卷时间极其有限,要保证文章的层次感能在第一时间内到达老师的眼中,导航词,也就是层次过渡语决不可少。这种词汇就是老师的航标灯,在最短时间里可以给老师一个清楚的层次感。
4. 词汇闪光亮点句
在四级作文中要写出非常高深的词汇是不现实的,而且也不推荐。文章得高分所谓的亮点其实在最基础的3000个词汇里就可以实现。
1) 词汇:
注意两个原则,其一,词汇不重复;其二,短语优先。
在这篇范文中比如social activity可能会出现重复,那么就可以考虑用social practice 等来替换。总之让老师看到你的文章是不会出现罗嗦重复的现象。这个亮点的制造很容易,效果也显著。
另外,当你在用到i want to do that这样的句子时,就可以考虑能否换成i’m looking forward to that。短语的力量也是一触即发,可以适当尝试。
2) 句型:
在这篇文章当中作者使用了大量并列句,来遮盖自己可能写不出长句的缺陷,使文章顺利而又容易地避免了全是短句的尴尬。
另外,还有一些在课堂上曾练习过的万能句也派上了大用场。比如开头段第一句和结尾段第一句等。
注意:
以上几条合起来,一篇高分作文就成功了一半,但是还有半壁江山是同学们一定要小心的,那就是低级错误。如语法,拼写等方面的错误。去去年一个同学在写给老师一席话的文章的时候,文章里居然出现这样的句子:you taken me to your home, and cooked me, and said “dady, i wash you happy. (you took me to your home, and cooked for me, and you said “baby, i wish you happy)难怪老师惊吓之余给了他两分。
综上所述,四六级改革后的
上海新东方学校四级词汇主讲教师靳萌 本次考试词汇单选题部分难度与上年基本持平,仍大体沿用以往的题型结构,不设语法题目,简单动词词组题目3题,固定搭配考察7题,其余为词汇辨析题目。 初看本次考试,似乎没有任何突兀的变化,但是通过对题目的深入研究,我们可以发现,词汇单选题部分的命题套路较往年做了一些耐人寻味的调整。从这些调整中,我们可以越来越明确地看到新四级的命题思路和考察意图。(以下具体题目分析以a卷为基础) 同以往的四级考试相比,本次考试的命题套路变化主要表现在以下几个方面: 第一,本次考试几乎没有考察形近词辨析的意图。以往常考的adapt-adopt, considerate-considerable,sensitive-sensible之类的形近词和同根词辨析一题都没有出现,这在以往的词汇单选题考察中是极为罕见的,而更加类似于完形填空的命题套路。 第二,本次考试侧重考察近义词辨析,但是较以往侧重考察近义词细微差别不同的是,本次考试在近义词的用法考察方面颇有力度,而熟悉词汇用法的考生则将会在本次考试中占据不小的优势。 如本次考试63题 63 sadly, as spending on private gardens has ____, spending on public parks has generally declined. a lifted b flown c heightened d soared 本题中四个选项,除b项flown (fly)的过去分词,其余看似均可用于原文中表示提示“提升”(fly只能表示飞翔或行动迅速,不带有“提高”的含义,因此较容易排除。),若通过a、c、d三项之间的意思细微差别来判断,似乎难以找到解题的突破口。但是如果考生熟悉三个词的用法,就会发现,a项表示“提高、增加”时为及物动词,后面应有宾语存在,而c项主要用于表示程度的增强,只有d项soar用于表示数量的激增是最为合适的。 64 it’s good to know that quite a few popular english expressions actually ___ from the bible. a acquire b derive c result d obtain 本题中,c项所构成的词组result from表示“由……造成”,而其他三个词都可由.…..而得,从词义的角度去判断也难以找到突破口,本题的考点derive from (由……衍生出)是一个超纲词组,考生如果仅凭所掌握的 a involve b participate c specialize d consist 本题中四个选项中有三个是常考高频词,involve 包括、陷入;participate 参与;consist 由……组成。其中尤以a项involve考察频率最高,该词更在上一次,即12月的考试中出现并为正确答案。参见题目: 67.most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place. a)involve b)compose c)enclose d)attach 因此,很多考生,甚至包括某些 考点跨项目重现也是本次考试词汇命题的一个重要特点。 48 being out of work, jane can no longer ___ friends to dinners and movies as she used to. a treat b appeal c urge d compel 本题的正确选项为treat, 这是一个在词汇单选题部分不常出现的词,但是我们在词汇部分备考中对听力短对话中的惯用词汇有所涉及,其中所强调的 “it’s my treat” (“我请客。”95年6月听力短对话第5题考点)和“treat sb.”(“款待某人”,6月听力短对话第1题考点),正式本题正确选项的根据。 本次考试只有两道题目非常直接地重复了以往词汇单选题考点,即44题和65题 44 a study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ___ the habit of smoking. a turn up b pick up c make up d draw up 这一题初看时同学们非常头疼的简单动词词组题目,但是如果考生按我们多次强调的方法集中复习以往的四级词汇真题,会发现1月47题就会发现,该题目命题方式乃至干扰项设置都与本次的44题十分类似: 01-1-47 without proper lessons, you could _______ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano. a) keep up b) pick up c) draw up d) catch up 65 according to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial ____. a feature b signature c hint d spot 本题正确选项为a,考察名词固定搭配facial feature, 这一考点曾在6月词汇单选部分第47题出现: 98-6-47 a peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial __________. a) mark b) feature c) trace d) appearance 第四,命题人对简单动词词组的考察热情依然如故,但是具体考点设置趋难。历次四级词汇考试必然会涉及是简单动词和介词副词搭配组成的词组的考察,考过的动词词组包括do, make, put, take, call, get, come, pull 等等,在05年12月的考试中第48题和64题分别考察了get和take两词的动词词组,但是在本次考试中,51题和55题分别考察的是lay 和hold这两个并不常见的简单动词,并且在刚才提到的44题中所涉及的四个简单动词同up的搭配也都并不常见。 动词词组数量繁多,记忆困难,因此除了依靠平时积累,还应注意应用技巧帮助解题。笔者在05年12月四级词汇考试中所介绍的技巧,即依靠简单动词后的介词和副词(我们称为小品词)的意味猜测判断简单动词词组含义可以帮助考生在很大程度上提高做此类题目的正确率。如果考生能够在平时学习中注意整理小品词的意味,则会事半功倍。 由此可见,四级考试的命题思路和考点设置有范围扩大化、形式灵活化的趋势。我们建议即将参加下次四级考试的考生注意,新四级词汇部分备考,仍应以历年真题为基础,但与以往考试不同的是,对考点的掌握要更加全面、彻底。新四级不再使用词汇单选题的方式测试同学们的词汇掌握程度,但是这并不意味着原来词汇部分的常考点考察将成为昨日黄花。作为整个考试中词汇考察的核心内容,词汇单选题部分的考点将会以更加隐蔽的方式设置在其他各项,这对于新四级的考生是更大的挑战,需要我们更加慎重地对待。 1.悼词的概念 悼词是对死者表示哀掉的话或文章。它有广义和狭义之分。广义的悼词指向死者表示哀悼、缅怀与敬意的一切形式的悼念性文章,狭义的悼词专指在追悼大会上对死者表示敬意与哀思的宣读式的专用哀掉的文体 2.悼词的特征 (1)总结死者生平业绩并充分肯定其社会意义和社会价值。它是从哀悼的角度来总结死者生平事迹,它的字里行间饱含深情,言简意赅。 (2)化悲痛为力量的积极的基调和内容。现代悼词已经排除了感伤主义的、悲观主义的、虚无主义的消极内容。它回首死者的往事,是为了面向现在,展望将来。因此,现代的悼词,除了要感情深切沉痛之外,还须一字一句都充满力量,激奋人心。 (3)多种多样的表现手法。现代的悼词,按表现手法的不同,可分为三大类:即记叙式、议论式、抒情式。记叙式:就是以记叙死者的生平业绩为主,并适当地结合抒情或议论。议论式:就是以议论死者对社会的贡献为主,并适当地结合抒情或叙事。抒情式:是指以抒发对死者悼念之情为主,并适当穿插叙事或议论 3.写悼词要注意的问题 (1)明确写悼词的目的是主要介绍死者的生平事迹,歌颂死者生前在革命或建设中的功绩,让人们从中学习死者好的思想作风,继承死者的遗志。但是这种歌颂是严肃的,不夸大,不粉饰,要根据事实,作出合理的评价。 (2)要化悲痛为力量。有的死者生前为党为人民做了很多好事,他们的美德会时时触动人们的'心灵,悼词应勉励生者节哀奋进。 (3)语言要简朴、严肃、概括性强,这也是写悼词应注意的问题 (1)记叙作者表示对死者十分沉痛的心情;概括地对死者进行评价;交待何年何月何日因何原因,与世长辞,享年多少岁。 (2)介绍死者生平事迹,主要介绍死者的籍贯、身份、家庭情况,参加工作时间,一生中所做的工作和对人民的贡献。要写得具体、概括、突出重点。 (3)对死者的评价:对死者一生的为人,对国家、对社会、对人的高贵品质、思想作风进行综合的评价。 (4)说明×××的死去,是一损失,现在悼念他,是勉励到会同志学习他那些高贵品质,为国家,为社会作贡献 5.悼词的实例 今天,我们怀着十分沉痛的心情,悼念我们的好经理杨德福同志! xxxx同志系中国共产党党员××公司经理,因病多方治疗无效,于一九八四年二月五日晚八时五十分在县人民医院不幸逝世,终年五十七岁。 xxxx同志一九五一年三月参加革命,一九五二年六月参加中国共产党,历任百货公司营业员、采购员、会计、财务股副股长、百货公司经理等职。在长期的革命工作中,他大公无私,热爱集体,工作积极,勤勤恳恳,认真负责,任劳任怨,作风平易近人,谦虚谨慎,是党的好干部。他三十多年如一日地忠于党和人民的事业,为党的财贸事业作了大量的工作,做出一定的贡献! 现在,xxxx同志与世长辞了,使我们党失去了一个好党员,使我们财贸战线失去了一个好干部,我们感到无限悲痛! 我们沉痛地悼念杨德福同志,我们要化悲痛为力量,学***勇往直前的革命精神和大公无私的高贵品质,在党的领导下,为建设我们伟大的祖国,为实现四个现代化而努力奋斗!xxxx同志安息吧! 大学英语四六级考试写作部分精解 基本句法掌握之后,接下来就要训练段落写作,这是因为段落是文章的基本组成部分,要写出好文章,必须在段落写作上多下功夫。 段的基本组成是句子,好的段落应该是该段中所有的句子都围绕着一个主题展开,且句与句之间应该是紧密相连,形成统一的整体即unified and coherent。那么怎样将一个段落展开呢?下面介绍英语中几种常用的`方法。 (1)时间顺序 按时间顺序写作就是按照事物发展在时间上的正常顺序或先后顺序展开段落。在讲述故事或回忆事件时,先发生的先写,后发生的后写。请看下面的例子: My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more the thirty hours and spent an sleepless night, I didn't feel tired at all, and I believed my days in this glorious city would be as sunny as the skies. (2)空间顺序 按空间顺序组织材料通常用于描述一个地方、事情或人物外貌等。其文章内容应按照由近及远、由远及近、自下而上、自上而下、按顺时针方向或逆时针方向排列,例如: In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees, all in full bloom. A little girl was hoping among them, now gazing at a bud, now collecting fallen petals. Under one of the trees stood her parents, who, while keeping an eye on her, were examining the snow white blossoms with great interest and admiration. In front of another tree a young couple, fresh and bright as the flowers, were posing for a picture. At the end of the courtyard a group of youngsters had gathered behind an artist painting a flourishing limb, which looked so charming and real that a boy stooped to sniff at a half-open flower. At the opposite end a few elderly men and women stood admiring the leafless flowering trees and the people looking at them. (3)列举法 通过列举一系列的论据 对主题句中的论点进行广泛、全面的陈述或解释,列举的顺序可按照所列各点的内容的相对重要性 从句到段:段落的展开 基本句法掌握之后,接下来就要训练段落写作,这是因为段落是文章的基本组成部分,要写出好文章,必须在段落写作上多下功夫。 段的基本组成是句子,好的段落应该是该段中所有的句子都围绕着一个主题展开,且句与句之间应该是紧密相连,形成统一的整体即unified and coherent。那么怎样将一个段落展开呢?下面介绍英语中几种常用的方法。 (1)时间顺序 按时间顺序写作就是按照事物发展在时间上的正常顺序或先后顺序展开段落。在讲述故事或回忆事件时,先发生的先写,后发生的后写。请看下面的例子: My heart gave a leap when I heard the announcement that our train would soon arrive at its destination-Beijing. Like other passengers, I began to collect my things and put my mug, towel, atlas, apples, and other things into my bag. To the tune of a beautiful song the train pulled into the station and gently stopped by a platform. I walked out of the train and was carried forward by the stream of people into an underground passage and then into a big hall. As I stepped out of the station, I was dazzled by the bright autumn skies of Beijing. Though I had been on the train for more the thirty hours and spent an sleepless night, I didn't feel tired at all, and I believed my days in this glorious city would be as sunny as the skies. (2)空间顺序 按空间顺序组织材料通常用于描述一个地方、事情或人物外貌等。其文章内容应按照由近及远、由远及近、自下而上、自上而下、按顺时针方向或逆时针方向排列,例如: In the middle of the rectangular-shaped courtyard stood three magnolia trees(), all in full bloom. A little girl was hoping among them, now gazing at a bud, now collecting fallen petals. Under one of the trees stood her parents, who, while keeping an eye on her, were examining the snow white blossoms with great interest and admiration. In front of another tree a young couple, fresh and bright as the flowers, were posing for a picture. At the end of the courtyard a group of youngsters had gathered behind an artist painting a flourishing limb, which looked so charming and real that a boy stooped to sniff at a half-open flower. At the opposite end a few elderly men and women stood admiring the leafless flowering trees and the people looking at them. (3)列举法 通过列举一系列的论据 对主题句中的论点进行广泛、全面的陈述或解释,列举的顺序可按照所列各点的内容的相对重要性、时间、空间来排列,例如: The Other Side of City Life In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don't see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems. Of which high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably in fear of becoming victims of burglary, robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. They should find some ways to cope with all these problems. (4)举例法 在主题句中简要、概括地说明一个段落的主题思想之后,可以用具体的、生动的事例来支撑论证主题,向目标读者展示并使他们具体感受主题句中尚未展开的内容和细节,例如: This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An Introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision. (5)比较和对比 比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的共同点或相似之处,如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。对照(contrast)主要是指出它们的不同点。相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较,不同的特征则可以组成对照。不仅如此,比较和对比常常同时使用,这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。 比较和对比常有两种形式,即整体比较和对比(block comparison and contrast)与逐项比较(alternating comparison),例如: Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War. After the Civil War, Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He, too, received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War, when he was the commander of the Confederate armies, is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he, like Grant, had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to declare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College, he was able to avoid additional poverty.(整体比较) The same qualities that make people good houseguests make them good hospital patients. Good houseguests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf, and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change, and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining, unpleasant, unappreciative house guest, and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits, so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.(逐项比较) (6)原因和结果 因果分析是常用的拓展段落的方法之一,一定要注意推理的逻辑性因果关系必须表达清楚,不能因果混淆,更不能因果倒置,要避免牵强附会和循环论证。一个原因可能造成一个或多个结果,也可能在一大段文章中涉及到一连串因果关系。一个结果也可能由多种原因所引起,通常先写结果,后写多种原因;但也可先写原因后写结果。另外,如果哟啊强调原因或结果,可用倒装或强调句型加以突出。例如: The surge of demand for oil will soon begin to send shock waves through the American economy and transportation system. The impact of these tremors can already be anticipated: to the consumer they signal the end of a long love affair with the car, and to Detroit they offer an early warning that its 1985 growth aims are dangerously unrealistic. Unless we exercise foresight and devise growth-limits policies for the auto industry, events will thrust us into a crisis that will lead to a substantial erosion of domestic oil supply as well as the independence it provides us with, and a level of petroleum imports that could cost as much as $20 to $30 billion per year. Moreover, we would still be depleting our remaining oil reserves at an unacceptable rate, and scrambling for petroleum substitutes, with enormous potential damage to the environment. (7)定义法 有时候为了避免混淆或误解,我们必须对一个词、一条术语或谚语、一个概念通过下定义加以说明、解释。通常有三种方法下定定义:给出同义词、用一个带有定语从句的复合句或用一整段文章,而以第三种方法最为常用。1月份四级考试的作文Practice Makes Perfect就是一篇极为典型的定义型文章。再看下面的例子: A “liberated woman” is simply a woman who controls her own life, rather than allowing it to be controlled by other people, traditions, or expectations. A “liberated woman” can be found pursuing any line of work, including housework, or no work at all. She may or may not be married; she may or may not have born children. She may belong to any race; she may have attained any age. She need have only one trait in common with her “liberated sisters”: she makes her own choices, whether they be the colors on her walls or the advanced degrees she seeks. She acts of her own volition, responsible to herself, and not out of fear of what her mother, lover, or neighbor might say. (8)分类法 所谓“分类”就是根据人物和事物的特征将他们/它们分别归入各自不同的范畴。在写这一类段落时,一定要抓住各个类别的典型特征,不要异类相串,混淆起来。例如: According to Xiao Li, the fifteen students of his class fall into three groups. Seven of them work hard and study well. They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by the teachers. Li calls them “good students”. The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League branch, and the captain of the class volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective. They always organize proper activities at the proper time, so Li calls them “good organizers”. Four other students are very kind to their classmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand. They help to clean the classroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty. Li says that they are “good fellows”. “What about yourself?” someone asks him. “I'm a group by myself-a good observer.” 从段到篇:四种体裁 掌握了前面八种段落展开的“天龙八部”,在面对任何级别的英语考试的作文时,相信大家都可以从容落笔,应付如裕。 不过,大家仍然要谋篇布局,从篇章的角度对自己要写的内容作宏观的整体上的把握,这就要求大家区分各种体裁,以采用不同的方法去应对。英语文章的体裁可分为四类,即: (1)记叙文(narration) (2)描述文(description) (3)说明文(exposition) (4)议论文(argumentation) 和中文无异。限于篇幅,在此就不一一举例详细论述,只说一下写作要领。 先说记叙文。所谓narration就是叙述一件事或一连串事件,像四级曾经考过的A Morning Walk(晨间漫步)即是一例。在写这类作文时,要注意以下几点:首先,在一开始就要设定时间、地点、人物,一定要交代清楚;其次,在讲述发生的事件本身时,要选取一些关键的细节,不要漫无边际或不着边际,而组织那些素材一般采用“时间顺序”亦即先发生的先写,后发生的后写,或用倒叙法,先讲结局,再从头描述经过。另外,要注意人称、时代的一致性。 再看描述型文章。所谓description就是用文字对一个人、一个地方、一件物体或一个场景进行描绘。在描述自己的印象时,一定要尽量选取那些有助于表现人物、场景的典型特征和突出特点,剔除那些枝蔓的零碎的细节。只有这样,才能使所描述的内容呼之欲出、跃然纸上,具有极大的表现力。 再谈谈说明文。这是四级考试中出现最为频繁的体裁,无论是A or B、A and B,还是Why to do、How to do, 或是图表型作文,都可归入此类。如果说描述文主要涉及外表和感受,记叙文主要涉及事件和经历,那么说明文则主要是关于过程和关系。举例来说吧,我们面前有一件物体,如果要对其外观进行描写,我们就要写成描述型的作文,如果要解释它是如何制作的,又是如何使用的,那就必须写成说明文;我们可以讲述一个历史事件,到底发生了什么,何时何地发生,都有谁参与其中,那就是叙述,而要讨论该事件的前因后果,它的本质又是什么,以及在历史长河中的深远意义,那就必须写成说明文。前面所介绍的展开段落的方法,如分类法、定义法、比较和对比、举例法等等,大多数都可用于说明文的写作。 最后谈谈议论文。说明文是一种以阐释和解说为表达方式,用简洁、平实、通俗的语言,对事物的、事理的、人物的特性、情况、背景等所作的解释和介绍的文体,而议论文则是以议论为主要表达方式,以逻辑思维为主要思维方式,对现实生活中的现象和原理说长道短、论是斥非、阐明自己的立场和观点的一种文体,二者不可相混淆。说明是让人明白,而议论则要令人信服。论点要旗帜鲜明,论据要充分有力,论证要符合逻辑。就四级考试而言,真正意义上的议论文并不多见,即便是已经考过的议论文,如幸运数字、英语口试的必要性等,也较易处理,因此不再赘述。 需要强调的是,在四级考试中,往往是在同一篇文章中几种体裁兼而有之,大家不要拘泥于教条,如6月的车祸见证书,记述、描写、说明三种体裁都有所照顾,目的是要检测同学们对于不同类型写作的把握,全面地考察写作教学的水平。 写作,偶认为这是最容易应对而且也是最容得分的题! 只需考前花9秒种,即有可能取得9分(满分100分制)以上的好成绩。偶当时只是在开考前熟记了两个比较有难度的经典句型,考试时想办法在在首句和结尾处各用了一个,然后剩余部分,或者自由发挥,或者写几段偶喜欢的英文歌词(注意不是汉语拼音的),或者写一下李阳疯狂英语里的搞笑句子。 你不要怀疑偶的做法,现在偶给大家分析一下此法可行的原因:判卷时,每个老师桌子上都会有一大叠卷子,远远超过你高考时的复习资料,你想,只要是个人,谁会有耐心仔细看那么多的英语文章,再加上一般判卷发生在大夏天,天气闷热,心情烦躁,每天关在小屋里看偶们这些无聊低级的文章,不许上网,不许qq,不让开msn,更不可能写博客,好人也会被折磨疯的。所以他们判卷时,一般只看开头和收尾句,再大体看一下字数够不够,有的正在谈恋爱的老师,心情比较好,还会看有没有错误的单词,为了防止这种情况,我提醒大家,我们的目标不是写一篇惊世骇俗的文章,而是尽量在三十分种内不说一句错话,不写一个错单词。一句话,我们的目标就是——没有蛀牙!!再有,写短文时,最好用黑色钢笔,而不要用其他颜色的,特别是圆珠笔,另外,千万要注意书面整齐,据说,判卷老师大都是近世眼,对于黑色他们更为敏感,更习惯。书写也是,越整洁,他看得越清晰,心情就越好,偶们的分也就越高!偶当时做完此题,共用了八分钟,但是偶的写作成绩却是八十分(满分710分制)! 8:50---9:00试音时间 9:00---9:10播放考场指令,发放作文考卷 9:10取下耳机,开始作文考试 9:35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9:40才允许开始做) 9:40---9:55做快速阅读 9:55---10:00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读) 9:55---10:00重新戴上耳机,试音寻台,准备听力考试 10:00开始听力考试,电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项。 11:20全部考试结束。 注释: 1. 标准分满分710分=听力248.5+阅读248.5+综合测试106.5+写作106.5。 2. 从听力、阅读部分的换算表可以看出,错前两分的时候,标准分扣分严重,1分扣10.5分,错到第3分的时候,标准分扣分有所降低-7分,扣到10分以后,标准分扣分就更低(3分),可见,标准分换算目的是把同学的成绩档次拉开,让特别优秀的同学脱颖而出,要想总分取得630分以上,必须保证很高的正确率,卷面扣的前几分在标准分的权重相当大。这也就解释了为什么考630分以上的同学这么少!据换算,要考630分,阅读和听力部分卷面每部分扣分在3分左右。 3. 综合测试的分数权重不大,卷面错1分在标准分中扣的分也相对较少,而且完型填空题量大,得分率不高,在考场上建议大家不要把完型填空耗费掉太多的时间,得不偿失! 4. 当你拿到成绩单,上面写着290,那么恭喜你,你的卷面成绩为0分。如果430+,就算顺利通过啦~ 一、写作实用绝招 据不完全统计,全国每年有1000万左右的考生参加四、六级英语考试,比叙而言阅卷老师则少之又少,他们需要在短时间内批阅多达几十万份考生试卷,可谓是工作量大、时间紧。据统计,四、六级作文平均阅卷时间仅为十几秒,如何在极有限的时间内贏得阅卷老师的青睐是有诀窍的。 1.好的开始是成功的一半 考生一拿到试卷不要急着下笔就写,而应该花上3-5分钟的时间冷静地想想,开头应该怎么写,中间应该怎么举例论证,最后又该如何收尾等。时间允许的话,最好能先列出大概提纲以及关键词语或句型,这样才能做到心里有数,不至于写到一半时出现短路现象。 2.清晰整洁至关重要 清晰整洁的卷面和流畅的书写至关重要,甚至有时候决定整个文章的分数高低。卷面清晰整洁会使阅卷老师眼前一亮,留下深刻的印象,因此写作文时一定要书写工整,段落分明,标点清楚。通常情况下,内容一般而卷面整洁清晰的试卷会获得相对较高的分数,而内容较好卷面书写涂草的试卷反而会被扣分。 3.字数限制心中有数 作文评分标准中,字数也是一个要求。四级规定字数不少于120,而六级为150,因此考生切记要在规定的范围内完成文章。这就必须遵循一个原则,意思表达完整,逻辑连接合理,避免跳跃性,同时也不能写得太长。写得越多,你的弱点也就暴露得越多,这样反而会适得其反。 4.奖励分“锱铢必较” cet作文题采用总体评分(global scoring)方法。阅卷老师就总的印象给出奖励分(reward scores),因此考生要想打动阅卷老师让他/她给你高分,首先文章的总体结构要合理、完整,符合大纲要求,同时句子与句子、段落与段落之间的衔接一定要紧密,符合逻辑顺序。 5.小细节不放过 cet作文不以语言点的错误数目扣分,但是一些明显的低级语法和拼写错误会给阅卷老师留下非常不好的印象。即使你的作文整体非常好,但也可能不会给你高分,这就是因小失大。因此,写作过程中一定要十二分地注意小细节。 二、写作中应注意的问题 1、单词拼写、标点符号 单词拼写错误可以说是最常出现的问题。正确拼写单词是英语学习者最重要的基本功。考生在复习的准备阶段就要注意单词的正确拼写形式,避免在考试中犯这种不必要的错误。另外,在检查单词拼写的时候还要注意首字母大小写的问题。标点符号也是考生容易疏忽的问题,有的考生习惯在英文作文中使用中文标点(特别应注意的是,英文中没有顿号);有的考生会混淆问号的用法(考生必须牢记,对于疑问句要使用问号,但如果问句出现在从句中,则需用句号)。 2、人称、时态、主谓的一致性 在一句话、一个段落,甚至一篇文章中,人称要始终保持一致,不能一会儿用第一人称,一会儿又用第三人称。时态和主谓关系也是一样,如果弍章是议论文,一般用一般现在时;而描述文常常用过去时描述已发生的事情。在一个句子中,表示同时发生或并列关系的两个或多个谓语动词的时态应该保持一致。考车在检查的过程中应注意这些。 3、可数名词和不可数名词 如:people表示“人民,人们”时是不可数名词,而表示“民族,国家”时则为可数名词。 4、冠词、代词的用法 关于冠词,考生常犯的错误是乱用the。the多表示一个(些)特定的或前面已经提到的人或事物,还可用在专有名词、独一无二的名词及最高级等之前,如:the great wall。关于代词,有时候会出现指代不清的错误,考生在检查时要注意这一点。 5、词组和短语的固定搭配 对于一些常见的词组和短语,有固定的搭配,不能随意更改,例如:for the sake of意为“为了”,不能把for换成in。 6、句子完整性 在写作过程中,时间紧迫可能导致出现句子残缺的情况,造成句子不完整,检查时也需注意。 ★ 四级英语学习计划 ★ 大学英语学习计划 【上海新东方:四级写作精解(通用8篇)】相关文章: 初三通过英语四级 英语奇才考入美国大学2023-03-17 大学英语四级过级经验2022-04-30 大学英语四级考试技巧经验总结2022-05-05 大学英语四级作文2023-02-10 让英语六级作文拿高分的有?2023-01-13 大学英语四级作文:网络语言2022-07-26 四级作文:大学简介2022-08-15 大学四级范文2023-11-19 考研英语学习葵花宝典2023-05-29 英语四级考试高分经验大揭秘2023-04-18篇2:上海新东方:四级词汇单选题部分分析
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