心理学解析为什么你中不了彩票

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心理学解析为什么你中不了彩票

篇1:心理学解析为什么你中不了彩票

凯洛格商学院市场营销学副教授凯利·戈德史密斯(Kel y Goldsmith)与加州圣地亚哥大学副教授昂·埃米尔如(On Amir)合作开展了一项关于“不确定性”与产品促销的研究,解释了各类因素如何影响消费者的购买决定,

期待获得最好结果

老板们需要制定各种促销手段吸引消费者购买商品,但同时又要保持成本的高效性,所以可乐和麦当劳的促销活动本质上是一种推动交易的工具。但需要让顾客有多高的中奖率才能让促销有效?在何种条件下顾客不会考虑中奖本身存在不确定性而去参与促销?研究发现,无论哪种情况,顾客都愿意试试。

在有关心理学和大量关于决策判断方面的研究中,不确定性是不受欢迎的。 有大量文献表明:与其他任何“有风险”的收益相比,人们会更倾向于选择风险小的收益,即乐于相对“确定”地获得好处,这种假设建立在直觉的基础上,因为没人愿意成为输家,即使是感觉上也是如此。

另一方面,很多促销是包含不确定性的,就像一场比赛,你有百分之一的机会赢点什么,同时你也在不同程度上知道自己注定会失败。然而无论如何,你还是会去尝试那百分之一。戈德史密斯认为,关键在于需要让顾客知道中奖率有多高,是不是值得去尝试“不确定性”。

问题是顾客是否被“玫瑰红色的瓶子”蒙蔽了,开始自欺欺人地忽悠自己去购买产品,就像为了获得奖品去购买可乐和炸薯条,因为能否获得奖品毕竟具有不确定性。在戈德史密斯和埃米尔如的研究报告中指出,不确定性在商品零售中之所以被普遍运用,和顾客明显的信心相关,因为顾客总是期望获得可能存在的最好结果。

有意识和无意识的乐观

为了找出顾客甘冒风险的底线,戈德史密斯首先观察顾客对于获胜的确信程度。“大多数人大多数时间都是很乐观,这种乐观的态度会扩展至某些方面,在这些方面,人们会认为和其他人比,他们更加擅长。同时,乐观会压倒负面结果,使人们认为,和其他人比,那些悲惨的事情不太可能降临到他们身上。” 戈德史密斯发现。

实际上乐观分为两种:第一种是有意识的乐观,这使得人们知道事业潜在风险的基本率——例如,有意识的乐观会告诉人们开一家饭馆的成功机会不到60%。即使有此常识,新饭馆的主人还是会想,“我是幸运的,我有个好点子,那个60%对我没用”。

第二种是天生的乐观,是凭直觉的、纯粹的乐观,这种乐观是和钱划清界限的。“例如,任何人在一个 很高的赌博场景中,都不会打算带着他的天生乐观反应参与进去,”戈德史密斯举例说,“因为这个场景很自然就会让人想象到一些词语,诸如犹豫、计算,需要计算出成败的可能性,因为有很多东西都依赖它。”

因此,戈德史密斯和埃米尔如将研究限制在那些低 场景,就像 可 乐瓶盖下面的中奖条码,对应的潜在金钱损失已经小到不会让人察觉,

确实,在一个不确定的事件中,比如乐透彩票、可乐瓶盖中奖,天生的乐观情绪明显在起作用,因为大多数消费者不会坐下来计算 ,如果他们这样做,就会意识到,中奖几率比被雷击和被鲨鱼攻击还要小很多。但是,一张乐透彩票、一瓶可乐是很小的 ,也许只需要一美元,实际上,消费者甚至根本没考虑过风险。戈德史密斯建议测试那些时常 的人,他们通常认为的中奖几率要远比实际上高。

为了证明天生的乐观情绪在市场促销中通常会起作用,进而使得“不确定性”成为有效的市场营销策略这一假定,研究人员设计了几组激励实验。每一个都类似于实际零售场景,要求参与者设想有选择地去买产品,比如6瓶装苏打饮料,其中设定三分之一有奖励。实验的目的是为了揭示在下列条件下测试者是否会多买,例如,承诺更具价值的奖品比如“高迪瓦松露巧克力”,次一点的奖品比如两个“好时巧克力”,或者不确定的奖励比如两者都有。

当然,高迪瓦松露巧克力提供了一个很强的动机。但在一个接一个的实验后,不确定的奖励也同样取得了成功,分数常常和高迪瓦松露巧克力的奖励相当,就像戈德史密斯和埃米尔如假定的那样,人们对于不确定奖励的反应远比原本更加确定,这是一个十分有趣的发现。

“不确定”发挥作用的场合

研究还发现即使对于这些简单的实验,如果你要求人们坐下想想他们得到最高奖励的几率是多少,例如,你强迫人们在买乐透彩票的同时回答“你中奖的几率是多少”这个问题,他们对于彩票的兴趣会直线下降。事实上,在戈德史密斯看来,当消费者走进一家商店,看到促销,他们一般都不会自动地在心里计算和核对风险与价格,似乎消费者的心态都过于积极和乐观。简而言之,如果顾客思考得不到那些高迪瓦松露巧克力的可能性时,他们就不会有买那么多苏打饮料的倾向了。

戈德史密斯认为,把研究结果推广到其他场景中并不是一件简单的事情,但是这至少能够详细说明在作决定中起作用的因素包括风险性。当然,无论是什么触发了消费者从深思熟虑、有计划地决定转向快速做决定,凭直觉的乐观都丰富了未来研究的内容。

与此同时研究还指出,对于贩卖消费用品的公司来说不确定的诱因发挥作用也会因人而异。对于网店来说,促销活动很可能会唤起消费者的反感,会让消费者觉得网店是在作秀,而作秀往往会影响消费者的反应,这样会剥夺不确定性带来的积极反应的魅力。而如果是实体店,反而会收到相反的结果,不确定会发挥很大的功效。

消费产品公司主管在设计产品促销计划时,很难完全操控消费者心理,但他们可以自己问自己“作为零售商,我能做什么?”然后自我作答,根据回答,总结出一些“我能利用的事情”。如果你卖的东西人们不会考虑太多,比如你卖的是饮料、口香糖或者杂志,这种不确定的奖励就能起作用。但如果你是卖汽车或者房子,戈德史密斯笑着建议你去关注其他方面,那种令人惊讶的利用不确定的成功方法完全不适合你。

篇2:中科大教授为你解析筷中悟人生之大道理

本报讯 本周日下午3时,安徽人文讲坛的听众们将会听到一场关于中国文化与大众生活的讲座,这是由中国科学技术大学的刘仲林教授带来的。昨天,刘仲林教授接受记者采访时说,大道理其实都蕴含在日常的生活行为中,即便是用筷子也能悟出人生的一些道理。

跨学科学习会擦出创新的“火花”

刘仲林教授告诉记者,他本科学的是物理,可在考研究生的时候,却选择了南开大学哲学系。跨学科的学习让他收获不少,这不仅仅包括学科知识,更包括学习研究方式和思维能力的提高。之后,在北京大学做访问学者期间,刘仲林教授有幸师从国学大师张岱年。

作为国内知名的跨学科学研究专家,刘仲林教授说他自己的教育经历就体现了学科交叉。各学科的交叉让各学科在碰撞中擦出创新的“火花”。所以,刘教授建议学生们多吸收不同学科的知识,而不是文科生仅仅局限在文科内,理科生也整天都只有公式和定理等。

“境界”是每个人都能追求到的

刘仲林教授告诉记者,最近这十几年来,他一直在探索打通专家与大众之间联系的方式方法,想找到一种能让两者之间无障碍交流与沟通的最佳形式。对于中国文化,刘仲林教授认为,中国文化有两种成分,一种叫知识,另一种则是境界。作为普通大众,可能在接受知识上有难度,如中文系的学生做不了化学研究。但在境界这个成分中,任何知识层次的人都可以接受和做到。对“境界”刘教授下了个定义,即通过对事物整体领悟而在实践上达到的一种层次就是境界。简而言之,就是指每个人在日常细小的生活行为比如用筷子、做家务等这些事中,用心去体会一些深层次的人生道理。

本周日下午,在题为《中国文化与大众人生》的讲座中,刘仲林教授将会告诉听众,在社会流行“快餐式文化”的今天,更需要的是耐心深入、持之以恒的“慢炖式文化”。这里“慢炖”的含义,是不求时髦跟风,不求文字华丽,而求实践真知和功效长远。

篇3:3种角度为你带来解析GRE阅读

如何战胜GRE阅读中的拦路虎?3种角度为你带来精品解析

障碍一:单词不认识

严重的单词障碍使得阅读学习进展艰难,有时候虽然单词也背了几遍,但是看到阅读文章时仍是满眼生词,一头雾水,文章根本就读不下去。针对这种情况,可以在读阅读文章的时候试着忽略复杂专业名词的具体含义,因为有些专业名词很少见。虽然忽略掉,在做题的时候也会没有影响,例如一种叫rhinoviruses的病毒可以抽象为“R”病毒。另外,还可以积累一些单词。例如,阅读一篇文章过后,可以挑出一些你认为比较重要的词进行累积,后来你会发现进步是很大的。

障碍二:句子读不懂

有时候句子中的单词都认识,但是这个句子就是读不懂,不知道在讲什么,甚至连句子的主谓宾都找不到。这就说明GRE的长难句是一个问题。针对这种情况,需要对句子的结构有一个透彻的了解,其中句子中的几个难点是:修饰成分繁多,倒装,插入语,多重否定等,这是需要采用集中突破的方法。另外,还需要不畏惧困难,多对句子做一些分析和研究,找句子的主干,分析读不懂的原因。

考场上基本上是要求16-17分钟做完阅读题的部分,而实际情况是现在的做题速度慢极了,根本达不到要求。这是多数考生会遇到的问题。其主要原因是花在读原文的时间太长了,所以读一篇文章要达到两个目的即可:1. 主旨题和作者观点题要做对;2. 关注、标记一些常考考点为定位使用。

障碍三:文章读完没有印象

读过文章之后什么也不记得,又重新认认真真地读完一篇,结果是后面看完了前面的也忘记,根本不知道文章在讲些什么。这其中是有一定的原因的,就是想要记住的太多,搞得什么也没记住。针对这种情况可以只记住比较重要的话,例如文章的主旨句,首段、每段首句,全文末句等,作者的态度等。还有一点就是平时需要积累哪些是需要记住的,哪些是不需要记住的。

以上就是小编为大家整理的GRE阅读中常见的拦路虎及应对策略,相信大家结合自己的具体情况,用心准备,有针对性的复习提高,一定会战胜它们,抵达梦想的彼岸!

GRE考试阅读理解模拟题及答案解析

P1

It is a popular misconception that nuclear fusion power is free of radioactivity; in fact, the deuterium-tritium reaction that nuclear scientists are currently exploring with such zeal produces both alpha particles and neutrons.(The neutrons are used to produce tritium from a lithium blanket surrounding the reactor.)

Another common misconception is that nuclear fusion power is a virtually unlimited source of energy because of the enormous quantity of deuterium in the sea.

Actually, its limits are set by the amount of available lithium, which is about as plentiful as uranium in the Earth‘s crust. Research should certainly continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has (been) proven practical. (122 words)

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the current state of public awareness concerning nuclear fusion power?

(A) The public has been deliberately misinformed about the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.

(B) The public is unaware of the principal advantage of nuclear fusion over nuclear fussion as an energy source.

(C) The public‘s awareness of the scientific facts concerning nuclear fusion power is somewhat distorted and incomplete.

(D) The public is not interested in increasing its awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.

(E) The public is aware of the disadvantages of nuclear fusion power but not of its advantages.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions EXCEPT?

□A How much incidental radiation is produced in the deuterium tritium fusion reaction?

□B What is likely to be the principal source of deuterium for nuclear fusion power?

□C Why are scientists exploring the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction with such zeal?

P2

Roger Rosenblatt‘s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.

As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.

Addison Gayle‘s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.

First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors?

Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous?

Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition.

Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.

These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open.

Rosenblatt‘s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.

For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer‘s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.

Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

3. The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it

(A) emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

(B) misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

(C) misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

(D) substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

(E) ignores the interplay between Black history and Black identity displayed in such fiction

4. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism

(B) comparing various critical approaches to a subject

(C) discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

(D) summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

(E) explaining the theoretical background of a certain kind of criticism

5. The author of the passage believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt

(A) evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction

(B) attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors

(C) explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history

(D) established a basis for placing Black fiction within its own unique literary tradition

(E) assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically

6. The author of the passage refers to James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to

(A) point out affinities between Rosenblatt‘s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism

(B) clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage

(C) qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt‘s book made in the first paragraph of the passage

(D) illustrate the affinities among Black novels disclosed by Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis

(E) give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt‘s work

P3

The transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air above it depends on a disequilibrium at the interface of the water and the air.

Within about a millimeter of the water, air temperature is close to that of the surface water, and the air is nearly saturated with water vapor.

But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content.

The air is mixed by means of turbulence that depends on the wind for its energy.

As wind speed increases, so does turbulence, and thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer.

Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study. (127 words)

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

7. According to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following?

□A Causes relatively cool, dry air to come into proximity with the ocean surface.

□B Maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air.

□C Causes frequent changes in the temperature of the water at the ocean‘s surface.

8. The passage suggests that if on a certain day the wind were to decrease until there was no wind at all which of the following would occur?

(A) The air closest to the ocean surface would become saturated with water vapor.

(B) The air closest to the ocean surface would be warmer than the water.

(C) The amount of moisture in the air closest to the ocean surface would decrease.

(D) The rate of heat and moisture transfer would increase.

(E) The air closest to the ocean would be at the same temperature as air higher up.

P4

“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.”

Virginia Woolf‘s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

But Virginia Woolf was a realist as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics‘ cavalier dismissal of Woolf‘s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.

In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people‘s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people‘s fates.

Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time. (163 words)

9. In the first paragraph of the passage, the author‘s attitude toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as

(A) disparaging

(B) ironic

(C) facetious

(D) skeptical but resigned

(E) disappointed but hopeful

10. It can be inferred from the passage that the most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she

(A) was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres

(B) was interested in the effect of a person‘s social milieu on his or her character and actions

(C) needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them

(D) wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist

(E) wished to prevent critics from charging that her novels were written in an ambiguous and inexact style

11. In the context of the passage, “poetic” is closest in meaning to

(A) socioeconomic

(B) realistic

(C) political

(D) visionary

(E) literary

P1

1

It is a popular misconception that nuclear fusion power is free of radioactivity; in fact, the deuterium-tritium reaction that nuclear scientists are currently exploring with such zeal produces both alpha particles and neutrons.(The neutrons are used to produce tritium from a lithium blanket surrounding the reactor.)

一个广为流传的误解,是核聚变能源不具备放射性;实际上,当下核科学的热门研究领域氘氚反应,会同时释放阿尔法粒子和中子。(中子来自于包裹核反应堆的锂层,用于制取氘)

2

Another common misconception is that nuclear fusion power is a virtually unlimited source of energy because of the enormous quantity of deuterium in the sea.

核聚变能源取之不尽,这是另一个普遍的误解,理由是海洋中蕴含了不可计数量的氘。

3

Actually, its limits are set by the amount of available lithium, which is about as plentiful as uranium in the Earth‘s crust.

其实,限制在于我们能获得多少锂,锂的含量大致与地壳中的铀含量相当。

4

Research should certainly continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has (been) proven practical. (122 words)

关于可控核聚变的研究当然该继续,但任何能源项目在证实可实际操作前,都不该仓促上马。

(

premise 此句中做 postulate “假设”解释。

practical 切合实际的,此句中可以意译地理解为“安全可行的”。

比较直接的翻译是,……没有证明核能项目安全可行之前,任何项目都不该假设它存在。

我怀疑原文少了一个 been ,认为除非加上否则不通,虽然所有网上我查到的来源都没有这个 been 。如果你有更好的解释,或提出关于文本及翻译的其他错漏,请留言给我,愿一起努力打造一个质量更高的注释集。

)

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the current state of public awareness concerning nuclear fusion power?

(A) The public has been deliberately misinformed about the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.

(B) The public is unaware of the principal advantage of nuclear fusion over nuclear fussion as an energy source.

(C) The public‘s awareness of the scientific facts concerning nuclear fusion power is somewhat distorted and incomplete.

(D) The public is not interested in increasing its awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.

(E) The public is aware of the disadvantages of nuclear fusion power but not of its advantages.

选C

A 实在看不出公众是故意去误解的,deliberately,不选;

B “公众忽视了核聚变作为一种能源的主要优点”,文中只说两种误解,没说什么主要优点,不选;

C 正确项,公众关于核聚变能的一些科学事实的看法是扭曲和不完整的(误解);

D 有没有 interested 或 increasing ,无从判断,不选;

E 啊,让人疲劳的瞎聊。

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

2. The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions EXCEPT?

□A How much incidental radiation is produced in the deuterium tritium fusion reaction?

□B What is likely to be the principal source of deuterium for nuclear fusion power?

□C Why are scientists exploring the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction with such zeal?

选AC

只有 B 项提出的问题可以用文中明确指出的信息回答,句2,“海洋中的氘”。所以选AC。

P2

1

Roger Rosenblatt‘s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.

RR的书《B F 》,试图运用文学标准而不是社会政治的标准去评价它的研究对象,成功地改变了之前的研究方法。

2

As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.

R表示,许多所谓的关于黑人写作的评论,实际上关注的是黑人历史。

(

Black 大写做形容词时,“黑人(人种)的”,可以指非洲黑人,或移居北美的非洲黑人及其后代组成的黑人群体。

pretext 借口,托词。

“对于黑人写作的评论,经常作为详述黑人历史的借口” ,意译一下,有些研究表面上是在讨论黑人写作,其实黑人写作只是幌子(借口,pretext),真正要探讨的问题是关于黑人历史的。

)

3

Addison Gayle‘s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

比如说,AG最近的研究,用过度政治化的标准评判黑人小说的价值,根据每部作品所讨论的黑人身份概念来评价其价值。

4

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

小说当然脱胎于政治环境,但作者回应环境却并非遵循意识形态化的方式,一旦讲述新奇故事成为意识形态宣传的工具,就制约了小说的发展。

5

Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

R的文学分析解释了黑人小说作品间的相似与联系,单纯的政治研究往往忽略这些内容。

6

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.

然而,想要写出令人满意的黑人小说评论,意味着针对一系列问题给出令人满意的答案。

7

First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors?

首先,抛开作者们相同的种族,有其他充分的理由将黑人小说归为一类吗?

8

Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous?

第二,相较于其他同时代的现代小说类型,黑人小说的独特之处是什么?

9

Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition.

R展示了黑人小说所组成的一个特别的文学体系,该体系具有的一种可识别的,条理分明的文学传统。

10

Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.

仔细研究了过去80年的黑人小说,R发现了一些与年代无关的反复出现的关注点和设计。

11

These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.

这些结构是关乎主题的,而且都不出人意料地,发端于这样一个核心事实,小说中的黑人角色都出现在一个白人主导的文化中,无论他们尝试适应这种文化或与之对抗。

12

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open.

《B F 》还有一些美学问题没有回答。

13

Rosenblatt‘s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.

R的主题分析表现出相当的客观性;他甚至明确表示他无意评判不同作品的价值——尽管他的保留似乎没有必要,特别是既然评价的尝试可能引发有趣的结果。

14

For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

比如说,某些小说的看似结构散乱。这是一种缺陷吗,还是作者刻意为之,抑或尝试伪造一种不同的美学标准?

15

In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer‘s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

另外,一些黑人小说的风格,比如JTC,非常接近表现主义或超自然主义;该技巧是否提供了一种对照,相较于最流行的描述黑人英雄对抗命运的主题,一种经常通过更自然主义的表达方式传递的主题?

16

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.

尽管存在诸如此类的种.种遗漏,R已完成的讨论确实是敏锐的又有价值的研究。

17

Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

《B F 》全面研究了相当多的小说,讨论过程中使我们注意到一些少有问津的迷人作品,比如 JWJ 的《AoaECM 》。

18

Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

它的观点结构严密,作者直截了当、简明易读的风格,堪称条理清晰,深刻敏锐的典范。

3. The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it

(A) emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

(B) misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

(C) misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

(D) substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

(E) ignores the interplay between Black history and Black identity displayed in such fiction

选D

作者反对AG那种黑人小说评论的理由是:D项,用政治标准取代了文学标准,见句 2-5 。

4. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism

(B) comparing various critical approaches to a subject

(C) discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

(D) summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

(E) explaining the theoretical background of a certain kind of criticism

选A

A 评估一种文学评论作品的严谨恰当与否

B 比较关于某一研究对象的不同评论方法

C 讨论某特定类型的批评的局限

D 概要地介绍某评论作品的主要观点

E 解释某特定类型评论的理论背景

整体来看,作者一直在论述R的批评如何成立,兼论怎么做会更好,所以选A。

5. The author of the passage believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt

(A) evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction

(B) attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors

(C) explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history

(D) established a basis for placing Black fiction within its own unique literary tradition

(E) assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically

选E

“在分析作品主题时,(也一并)评估相关作品的文学价值”,见句13-16。

(

说句题外话,我认为文段的作者的这种态度,就是鸡蛋里挑骨头,一种评论之所以成立,就是因为它已经成立的部分,如同一本小说好就因为它好的地方,说什么“如果怎样怎样就更好了”是没有任何意义的,是站着说话不腰疼的,既然作者有那么多文学批评的建设理想,何不自己写出来。

)

6. The author of the passage refers to James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to

(A) point out affinities between Rosenblatt‘s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism

(B) clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage

(C) qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt‘s book made in the first paragraph of the passage

(D) illustrate the affinities among Black novels disclosed by Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis

(E) give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt‘s work

选E

“举例说明R的研究的一项成就”,见句17,所谓 accomplishment 就是使我们注意到一些以前没人知道的好作品。

篇4:团队中的八类乞丐,你不改变,谁也救不了你

团队中的八类乞丐,你不改变,谁也救不了你

团队中的八类乞丐1、 领导不和我沟通,我就不和领导沟通

这类人缺“神”:有些人自恃有才,觉得自己是靠才吃饭,和领导沟通与否无所谓,和领导从不主动沟通,理由是你是领导你不和我沟通,我才不主动和你沟通呢,领导不与你主动沟通的因素很多,或是因为领导时间问题,或是因为领导风格问题,如果你不主动与领导沟通, 可能你就会丧失领导了解你的机会,或丧失展示你才华的机会, 你也就会错失大好的发展良机,因为领导不了解你,一旦有机会他怎么会推荐你呢!切莫把领导当神,更不要是神召唤的时候才去, 神不召唤就不去,如果信神,就得时不时去拜,否则你有难时神也不会关照你的。

职场法则:无论领导是主动沟通型还是非主动沟通型,领导往往是孤独的,他更渴望有人与他沟通,沟通内容不仅限于工作。 工作上或有助于团队建设或有益于企业发展的想法你都应主动与领导沟通,让你的思想及时变成决策行为,为团队为企业作出贡献, 只有这样,你的才华才不会被埋没。不要自认为是千里马就会有伯乐,现在的社会是千里马多而少伯乐,千里马得学会投伯乐所好方为现代意义上的千里马。

团队中的八类乞丐2、 领导不认可我,我就不好好干

这类人缺“荣”:这类人虚荣心较强,先前工作中做了点成绩,但领导迟迟没有表示肯定,他就会认为是不是领导不认可我,不认可我就不好好干了,于是开始怠工,工作不能按时保质地完成了,很快从先进分子行列倒退到了淘汰分子行列。

解招:虚荣心每个人都有,但要正确对待虚荣心,用得得当是推进器,会助你工作突飞猛进,用得不当是灭火器,会在工作中浇灭你的热情或稀释你的积极性。有的领导对下属作出的成绩不一定当面肯定,但在私下与其他人沟通时会对你的工作予以肯定。工作做得好其实是本分,也能显示出你的能力,明眼人不说都看得懂,有些时候不需要领导给你捅破那层纸。

团队中的八类乞丐3、 领导不鼓励我,我就不好好干

这类人缺“油”:这类人在企业或单位基层居多,每天几乎就靠领导的鼓励为生,领导那天要是忘了“踩油门”,这些人就能从早到晚坐在同一个地方没有丝毫的动作变化。这些人在公司没有破坏力,但也没有执行力,是公司里那种雷打不动的人物,就是公司明天就要倒闭,他也不会为之动容的。

职场法则:得学会自己“加油”,得学会自己“踩油门”,这是一个员工在企业生存的基础本能,否则的话就是淘汰首选对象,现在的企业不会给你学“加油”的时间,也没有学“踩油门”的机会, 企业需要的是一个有驾驶证的学员而不是学徒。学会自己安排工作,学会自我激励才能自我成长。

团队中的八类乞丐4、 我不开心,是因为领导不会哄我

这类人缺“炼”:这类人是企业中易情绪化的员工,自己心情好与坏完全由领导来决定,开心好象是领导哄的,不开心好象是领导给的。不要忘了,有几位领导是艺术家出身的。

职场法则:易情绪化是不成熟的表现,是内功欠修炼的表现,易情绪化不利于工作开展,也不利于个人成长,得学会克服感情用事, 多接受心理磨练,加强理智控制锻炼,情绪以“我”为中心,而不是以别人或领导为中心,自然就能克服情绪化。

团队中的八类乞丐5、 完不成任务,总是拿一堆客观理由来应付

这类人缺“法”:企业中一些人总会拿一大筐客观理由来证明自己尽力而为了,不是产品质量问题太多,就是广告影响太弱,或是客户不配合,或是市场出现了一些特殊情况等理由,这些理由每次似乎都很有道理,

职场法则:如果长期以往,肯定是自己工作方法或工作心态方面出了问题,应该向同仁学习,了解他们如何开发、管理客户,如何 轻松实现销售的,作为销售人员,我们要的是业绩,不是人们对客观原因的理解,要增强自身对客观情况的预测、发现与把控能力, 方能做到不为外界环境所左右。

团队中的八类乞丐6、 做错事,希望大家不要小题大做

这类人缺“电”:这类人在公司中大错不犯,小错不断,不是迟到就是早退,工作中不是丢三就是拉四,工作不是无头就是无尾 ,不是有大窟隆就是有小洞,但他又觉得无所谓,当大家都盯着他看时,他会说:“这有什么稀奇的,别人也是这么干的。”

职场法则:“勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之”。不要觉得小恶不是恶,小善不是善,因小恶失足成千古恨的多的是,因小善而铸千秋业的也大有人在。企业中小事做好了就没有什么大事,小问题解决了就没有大问题,做错事要勇于承认改正,想成功从小处着眼 ,从小处着手。

团队中的八类乞丐7、 不懂技术,抱怨公司没有培训

这类人缺“悟”:企业各个技术环节都有技术含量,客服能力不强,销售技巧不足,表达能力不够等问题一旦暴露出来,大多人会说,公司没有培训我们这方面的内容,就这么一句话,让我们丧失了很多良好的销售机会。

职场法则:公司培训的内容是有局限性的,培训内容永远比市场要慢一个节拍,市场本身就是最好的培训教材,应把市场实践很好的利用起来,进行实践——学习——实践,而不是一味地依靠公司培训来满足市场销售工作需要,那些善于总结的人肯定是销售工作做得比较好的人,那些善于在实践中总结的人才是培训真正的受益最大的人。不善于对培训内容融会贯通,就是给你金砖你也难以建成金字塔。销售技术的'提升需要培训,更来源于自己对市场的实践总结。

团队中的八类乞丐8、 不上进,抱怨公司氛围不好

这类人缺“进”:这类人在公司的表现就是混,反正公司管理比较乱,光自己正规也没啥用,还有人说,我想上进 ,但公司乱成这样,我能上进么,听起来不上进是公司的错,其实这类人是缺目标,缺人生的目的,缺工作的目的,或者是搞错了目的。

职场法则:小隐隐于山,大隐隐于市。环境会影响一个人,但不完全影响一个人,一个人的改变内因是主要的,外因是次要的,想进步,就得树立正确的人生目标、工作目标,不受外界环境的干扰或克服干扰。

综上,这些精神乞丐在企业团队中往往扮演的是消极怠工的角色, 做事反应迟缓,抱怨满天。精神乞丐甚于物质乞丐,物质乞丐好满足,精神乞丐难以满足与控制,这就是企业团队管理难做的问题!

篇5:红尘中为你心醉800字作文

红尘中为你心醉800字作文

红尘不过黄粱,梦一场;名利不过烟云,追半生;爱恨不过情仇,执千年。

——题记

曾多少次不愿提起这墨香四溢的素笔,也曾多少次不愿铭记这段伤心的感情。窗外,繁华迎来灯影的落幕,凝望路人行色匆匆,任思绪爬满字里行间……

独处于这陌生的城市,看茫茫人海,望滚滚红尘。也曾想于乱世红尘中做一个文人雅客,于苍茫天地间踽踽独行,于晨昏交替时观日出日落赏月圆月缺。只是人处世上,焉能随己。你那轻柔的倩影不知何时已在我的视线里渐行渐远,而我却试图乘风追寻你的踪迹。

夜色渐浓,寒冬的空气里弥漫着一丝丝凄凉,就连向来开朗豁达的'明月此时也不愿露出她那甜美的笑容,蜷缩在乌云后瑟瑟发抖。此刻心头的你如同这朦胧的月色在脑海里若隐若现,扑朔迷离、飘忽不定。也曾澎湃激扬,也曾忧郁彷徨,也曾多少个日日夜夜为你宿醉,多少个哀伤的日子里也曾轻声问自己……

多想醉倒在岁月的长河里永不醒来,多想活在童话里永远天真快乐。依然忘不了你那娇俏的身段,依然抹不去你那恬静可人的容颜,依然沉浸在有你的美好光阴里。心儿始终不能独立,被你牵绊着,不过这样也好,不至于在茫然的岁月跋涉中迷失方向。

驻足生命的长河,任岁月迁流,青春去远,再没有倾情的相遇可以换来这般心酸。除去认定的,什么都不需要才最落寞。每当看到天空星月缱绻,便会不自禁的想起你,从此我的世界里氤氲着忧郁的气息,再也不愿置身阳光下。或许我该注定为你守候在这孤独的月光下,亦或许你已成为我生活的一部分。没有你的日子便没有了生活的色彩。

花开花落皆无情,月圆月缺自有意。每当想起你的时候,我都会举杯邀月共醉,以此来消磨痛苦的时光。对你的思念,对你的倾情,把对你一切的一切都融于这甘醇的蜜酒中,一起饮进心脾内。总有一段岁月沁没在这种日子里,这种日子我乐此不彼。

往事如雨浮萍,岁月飘摇成歌。生活还得继续,未来的日子里我不知道我是不是还会这样为你心醉。并不是说我把这段情抛弃了,我要把你埋藏于我的心灵深处,永不忘记。即便流年暗换、春秋轮回,你也会一直是我心中的一道风景,直到有一天我们都悄然的安息在时光老人的怀抱里。

最怕瞬间清闲,清闲了就意味着会依附于孤单。孤单了就会怀念,怀念起一些说不清道不明的光阴和片段,唏嘘着就满怀忧伤了。曾几何时,我们在一起欢笑打闹;曾几何时,我们儒文翰墨旋天地;曾几何时,我们誓言未来标方向。时过境迁,而今我们已形同陌路,不知何时才能回到从前。

低头惟觉清夜冷,仰天难见月色明。就让我在夜深人静之时,为你谱写下这只言片语来表达我的思念之情。

篇6:面试中的三个提问为你加分

面试中的三个提问为你加分

Getting an interview for that dream job is a perfect chance to sell yourself and you need to make sure that you get everything right.

得到一份理想工作的面试机会也将是一个推销你自己的绝佳时机,当然你也需要确保一些都不出岔子,

Preparation is vital and it goes without saying that you should turn up for the interview knowing everything there is to know about your prospective employers and the role that you have applied for.[/en

准备至关重要。你在奔赴面试之前,你就应该了解你将来雇主,也应该谅解你所申请的职位,这一点是毫无疑问的。

[en]Of course, no two interviews are ever the same and the line of questions that you take will be determined by the nature of the company and the people who are interviewing you.

当然,没有任何的面试会完全一样。问题的顺序也会根据公司的性质和面试官有所变化。

But I have always been more impressed by candidates who ask ME questions. The process should never be one sided - you need to take control. The best way of doing this is to ask as many questions as the interviewer does.

然而我对那些问我问题的人印象更深刻。面试的过程不是单项的,你应该有一定的掌控能力。实现对面试掌控的最好方法就是问面试官问题,而且问的数量和面试官相当。

There are at least three questions you should definitely have ready to ask for every job interview you go for. Remember the aim is to sell yourself as a bright, motivated and ambitious individual but it is important not to be too obvious. The people who are interviewing you will have heard it all before and they will be looking for someone who has that little bit extra quality or personality which sets them apart from the rest of the crowd.

在奔赴面试的时候,有三个问题你应该准备好。记住,最终的目标是展现你聪明,积极,朝气蓬勃的形象。同时,又不要显得太刻意。面试官阅人无数,听遍各种陈词滥调。他们需要寻找的是哪怕只有一点点与众不同的特质。

Here are three questions that you should always try and ask:

以下是三个问题,你应该尝试着问面试官:

1、What qualities are you looking for in the person you are hoping to appoint?

在综合素质方面,贵公司对这个岗位的职员有什么期望吗?

This may sound like a very obvious starting point but it is vital for both parties to grasp exactly what it is needed from candidate in terms of skills and experience. Remember the whole point of the interview is to prove you are the person that they want and are looking for.

这个问题看起来很基础,但是对于双方来说,明确对于岗位技能和经验的需求是至关重要的,

要记住的是,正常面试的最终目的是要证明你你就是他们需要找的。

2、What scope is there for personal development at your company?

有关于个人发展,贵公司能够提供多大的空间?

It is important to show any prospective employee that you are the type of person who is ambitious and is looking to move their career forward. No one wants to take on an individual who is going to be content to coast and you need to show that you are not coming along just for an easy ride. Any ambitious and forward thinking company will be looking for like minded individuals. Ask a question which will give you give the chance to show just how driven you are.

值得一提的,你需要想向你的潜在雇主表明你的满怀雄心并且在寻求职业的发展。没有一个雇主愿意他的员工满足于”顺其自然“,你也需要表现出你并非只是来求安逸的。任何有雄心和前瞻意识的.公司也希望能够找到有相同理念的员工。所以,问的问题应当表现出你非常勤奋向上的一面。

3、Is there anything you have seen in the other people on the shortlist that you have not seen in me?

有没有其他候选人身上的某些方面我是不具备的?

This is a great question to throw into the mix as the interview is drawing to a natural close. I remember a candidate asking me this once and I had to smile because it left me with nowhere to go. As well as turning the tables on the panel it is also a great way of gauging just how well or how badly you have performed throughout the course of the selection process. You should always be looking to improve and getting feedback from an interviewer is a crucial part of this. It is a risky strategy to take because you might get an answer you are not happy with. But if you are prepared to take a risk, then this final question is a gamble that just might pay off.

在面试快结束的时候,这个问题可能会让人有错综复杂的感觉。我记得有一个面试者问起过我这个问题,而我只能笑一笑,因为我不知道该如果作答。除了反客为主之外,这个问题也是检验雇主在招聘过程中的认真程度。从面试官那里得到一些反馈也是提高自己过程中很重要的一个方面。当然,这样做可能会有些冒险,因为你有可能得到一个让你不开心的答案。但是如果你愿意冒个小险,那么最后的这个小 兴趣能得到回报。

篇7:红尘中你为谁心碎-情感美文

红尘中你为谁心碎-情感美文

如若,我们不曾相遇,是不是就听不到心碎的声音了?如若,我们不曾相遇,是不是就不会强颜欢笑的面对所有了?如若,我们不曾相遇,是不是就不会纠缠在爱与恨之间了?如若,我们不曾相遇……

有没有一个地方,可以装满我所有的忧伤;有没有一个人,可以倾听我所有的疼惜;有没有一张白纸,可以涂满我所有的期许,我想,应该没有吧。即使遇到了,也会在无形中诉说离别,就像我遇到你,分明看到了鸿沟越来越深,我越不过去,你也来不了。

今夜,独倚栏窗,听雨声滴答,弄不清是什么打湿了眼眶。指尖流转着思念的悸动,满眼皆是灯火阑珊,烙印着甜美岁月的轨迹,婉如一段柔暖的彩虹,将两颗驿动的心画在了天地之间。捧一盏香茗,撷一缕忧思,铺一纸素笺,蘸一笔痴缠,心湖漾起了旋漪的微澜……

其实,一件事,就算再美好,一旦没有结果,就不要再纠缠,久了你会倦,会累;一个人,就算再留念,如果抓不住,就要适时放手,久了你会神伤,会心碎。此去一别,不知今生是否还会相逢?千年回首,爱已擦肩,不知再见时是否已物是人非?而我依然独舞于苍穹。

红尘一笑,你为谁心碎?相逢一笑,恩恩怨怨,一笔勾销!红尘中我们每个人都是过客,你为谁心醉?谁为你心碎?回眸一笑,谁是谁最美的相遇?尘世浮华,转瞬即逝。都说家是温暖的港湾,可是真正能泊心的家,世间又能有多少呢?

人醉了,不是因为饮下了酒,而是因为饮下了比酒更加浓烈的记忆;心碎了,一颗心碎在了虚梦红尘中;想睡了,睡在了白云印衬蓝天,微风轻拂浅绿的草地上。其实我们每个人都在漂泊,都在寻找,可是有的人终其一生都没有找到自己想要的,有的人却是得到又失去,把遗憾留给今生,希望把爱延续到来世,所以才有了那么多凄美浪漫的爱情故事…

茫茫人海,你为谁停留?谁为你守候?镜花水月的风景又能珍藏多久?经历许多风风雨雨之后,又有谁真正能把感情看透?情深缘浅,天意弄人,此情何时休?

抚琴轻诉离愁,幽怨上眉头,弦断有谁听?何处觅知音?天不老,情难绝,伊人泪,湿衣袖,梨花雨,淡如水。恰适浮云千载,绿水绕心头。

若说红尘似梦,为何只愿沉睡梦中不愿醒来;若说红尘是杯多味酒,为何只愿醉卧其中品千愁;若说红尘是一味毒药,却为何只愿受那贪执痴迷之苦。红笺小字,难诉心中千般依恋,万种柔情。春梦阑珊,谁为情种?爱也悠悠,恨也悠悠。

慧剑斩情丝,斩不断世间恩恩怨怨;抚琴斩诉,诉不尽人间悲欢离合;轻书漫卷,书不尽人间月缺月圆,缱绻缠绵。

几多惬意,几多深情,禁不住心湖泛起涟漪,抱你入怀,依偎缠绵,听见你的心在跳,均匀的呼吸驻留在我的耳际,绯红的脸徜满幸福的笑,像是慵懒的小猫,紧贴我那温暖的怀抱。我多想和你在一起,仰望云卷云舒,聆听潮涨潮落,轻唤一声:“宝贝儿,有你真好!”

一直庆幸自己是个幸运的男子, 能在如此渺茫的凡缘里与你相遇相知。花开总落败,月满更忧伤,一任思念涂乱了满笺词签,回忆斟溢了岁月的沙漏。然,落花流水纵无情,春花秋月再短暂,我依然执着于这份憾动心扉的情感,痴痴然,恋你千万回,爱你终无悔!

泪洒九重天,相思何处诉?红尘万丈,你为谁憔悴?谁为你枯萎?那份留恋,那份不舍。你可曾读懂?你可曾珍惜?

听,花落的心碎,绝恋了几多缠绵往事,几多别离轻扣心弦;午夜迷离了多少回忆,始终挽留不起记忆的褪却,一幕幕在过去中定格、淡薄;花落向晚,残香已尽,留不住岁月的容颜,描不出流年的倒影,又有多少的不舍,婉转的渗入梦乡。

只想为你巧笑嫣然,抹去一生的尘埃,只想为你筝韵轻拨,拂去眉间的`隐愁,或许,我在思念着这一种思绪中的宁静,或许,我在等待着这美好的想往,或许,在我浅笑的记忆中,你一直都在,从未离开,你是我心底永远的牵挂和留恋,你的每一次转身都是那样的灿烂,让我心生涟漪。

浩渺宇宙,无尽苍穹,你为谁独舞?谁为你漂泊?相遇于山水间的那份深情,一见如故的那份情意,多少年后,你是否还会忆起?网络深深深几许?回眸时,几人欢笑?几人在哭泣?

此岸是我,彼岸是你。此生我们无缘相厮相守,我只能在彼岸深情地望着你。最怕是花开花谢,人去楼空;最怕是潮起潮落,心里复归于原始的平静。

牵手的日子,那一场风花雪月是否会沉淀在你心中?风起的时候,我是否还会潜入你的梦境?

此去一别,不知今生是否还会相逢?千年回首,爱已擦肩,不知再见时是否已物是人非?而我依然独舞于苍穹。

红尘中,你为谁心碎?红尘中,我为谁心醉?相逢一笑,恩恩怨怨,一笔勾销!

篇8:在哭泣中为你祝福生活随笔

在哭泣中为你祝福生活随笔

当你说要离开的时候

我连自己的行为举止都忘记了

只记得你最喜欢吃的饼

曾经对你许下的承诺

当你离开时

我将亲手做饼替你送行

不知道怎么面对你的`离开

而它是我最好的代言:

第一层是体贴

第二层是关怀

第三层是浪漫

第四层是温馨

中间加层甜蜜

祝你有快乐的一刻

开心的一天

平安的一年

幸福的一生...

因为你越来越远,我只能静静的望着

一路上都是你的欢声笑语,我只不过是另外一个舞台的演员...

走过了漫长的岁月 ,走过了人生的苦楚

体验了真的痛苦,体会了痛苦中的甜蜜...

爱一个是幸福的,不需要回报,只需要默默的付出。

我喜欢,我选择 我知道,我追求

爱一个人不需要理由,只是需要更多的勇气

我相信我现在有的是勇气,有的是自信

有权选择不爱,却无权选择不被爱...

我要深深的祝福你 祝福你

祝福的钟声已经响起 你听这就是我对你的祝福

只要你比我幸福就行了......

哭泣中的祝福

是无声的乐曲

谱写着最美的情感章篇

因为真情

所以真爱!

不怕在哭泣中祝福过

只怕自己在祝福中哭泣

……

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