高中阶段雾霾是胶体吗(锦集5篇)由网友“无用子”投稿提供,以下是小编为大家整理后的高中阶段雾霾是胶体吗,希望对您有所帮助。
篇1:高中阶段雾霾是胶体吗
胶体
胶体,又称胶状分散体,是一种平均混合物。在胶体中含有两种不同状态的物质,一种分散,另一种持续。分散的.一部分是由渺小的粒子或液滴所组成,分散质粒子直径在1nm—100nm之间的分散系;胶体是一种分散质粒子直径介于粗分散体系和溶液之间的一类分散体系,这是一种高度分散的多相不平均体系。
雾霾
雾霾,是雾和霾的组合词,雾霾常见于城市。中国不少地区将雾并入霾一起作为灾害性天气现象进行预警预报,统称为“雾霾天气”。雾霾是特定气候条件与人类活动相互作用的结果。高密度人口的经济及社会活动必然会排放大量细颗粒物(PM2.5),一旦排放超过大气循环能力和承载度,细颗粒物浓度将继续积聚,此时假设受静稳天气等影响,极易呈现大范畴的雾霾。
篇2:论文:什么是雾霾
论文:什么是雾霾
正文:
历史数据表明,近50年来中国雾霾天气总体呈增加趋势,且持续性霾过程增加显著。从空间分布看,霾日数呈现东部增加西部减少趋势。其中,珠三角地区和长三角地区增加最快。今春开始,我国中东部地区逐渐出现轻雾天气,而随着时间的推移,轻雾、雾和霾的范围逐渐加大、程度逐渐加剧;特别是北京天津等地雾霾连续数日,严重的影响了市民的生活质量。而霾的组成成分非常复杂,包括数百种大气化学颗粒物质。如矿物颗粒物、海盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机气溶胶粒子、燃料和汽车尾气等,对人体健康和生态环境都有很严重的影响。那么,雾霾的成因是什么?对环境和人体有何影响?对于我们居民来说,应如何防治?政府及相关环保部门应如何应对?我们对化石燃料燃烧而产生的二氧化氮.一氧化氮等氮氧化物对环境产生的影响的防治有什么深刻的认识?
一.雾霾的成因 由于我国中东部地区冷空气势力较弱;华北平原、长江中下游平原地区风力较小;大气层结构稳定;一些地区受降水和地面水汽蒸发的影响,使得近地面空气的相对湿度越来越大,却极少降雨;在这种稳定的天气形势下,空气中的污染物在水平和垂直方向上都不容易向外扩散,使得污染物在大气的浅层积聚,从而导致污染的状况越来越严重。这些是雾霾天气持续的自然因素,而人为方面的原因主要是由于大气污染物排放负荷巨大。中国社会科学院发布的《气候变化绿皮
书:应对气候变化报告》指出,社会化石能源消费增多造成的大气污染物排放逐年增加,是我国近年雾霾天气增多的最主要原因。,我国二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放总量都超过2200万吨,位居世界第一,工业烟粉尘排放量为1446.1万吨,均远超出环境承载能力。在全世界燃烧的70亿吨标准煤中,中国就烧了36亿吨,占了51%,排放出的废气可想而知。并且冬季取暖北方大部分地区燃煤量大幅增加,导致大气污染物排放量急剧上升。受大气环流及大气化学的双重作用,城市间大气污染相互影响明显,相邻城市间污染传输影响极为突出,以北京为例,PM2.5气体的产生大约有30-40%来自原始排放,20-30%来自大气中的光化学转化,30-40%来自区域输送。京津冀近周边的沙尘层引发污染,输送至本地,与本地的污染大陆性气溶胶混合,加重了污染。。而汽车尾气污染问题也不能忽视,此外大气污染物的排放还包括居民生活(烹饪、热水),以及地面灰尘。
二.雾霾的影响
雾霾对公路、铁路、航空、航运、供电系统、农作物生长等均产生重要不良影响。雾、霾会造成空气质量下降,影响生态环境,其中直接有害人体健康的主要是PM2.5,PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物。被吸入人体后会直接进入支气管,干扰肺部的气体交换,引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等方面的疾病。而在雾霾天气时,城市中空气污染物不易扩散,空气中往往会带有细菌和病毒,极易导致传染病扩散和多种疾病发生。雾中水分的作用加重了二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物等物质的毒性,危害人体健康。尤其冬季遇雾、霾天气时,若空气污染严重可能形成烟尘或黑色烟雾等毒雾,严重威胁人的生命和健康。
三.雾霾的防治
对雾霾的治理,是一项综合性、系统性的工程。。PM2、5等微粒,是污染大气的主要‘物质,也是很好的凝结核。而大气中的水分,具有吸收、粘结、固定‘微粒’的功能。因此,人工向空中输送“水分”,改善区域小气候,是净化大气、影响成云致雨的天气形势,是治理区域大气污染的有效方法。
人工主动干预生态天气系统,以大气运动为条件,水分为因子,从水循环的‘水分’开始调控;降落地表的宏观水分,增加地表面的湿度,固定粉尘;水汽蒸发的微观‘水分’,增加大气的密度,改变空中大气的物理状态;地理空间的宏观、微观‘水分’,加大天地之间的‘物理量’,形成天地之间降水的‘同位素’条件交互耦合反馈成云致雨的天气系统。 人工水汽,随着气流上升运动,紊乱扩散混合,增加空间大气的密度,水分发生随机性的自组织的混沌的内外潜热的交换,复杂多变的温度、气压的变化,连续的物质、能量的转化,混乱的热力结构、动力结构和势能、动能的改变,通过涨落,空气中水分在“露点”饱和、凝结、相变,沾附在凝结核上,产生云滴或冰晶,涌现出新的“信息”物质的云层结构,水分子从无形体的微观气态水混乱运行的形态,到宏观实体物质降水粒子的状态转化。
以人工主动干预的科学技术手段,空中水分降尘,成云致雨、降水净化大气的机制。可以在很大程度上降低空气中总悬浮颗粒数,改善雾霾天气,达到治理的目的。
对政府而言,加强环保立法,完善法律制度才是解决包括雾霾在内的大气污染的根本途径。可以修改《环境保护法》及《大气污染防治法》等相关环保法律。改善落后的生产生活方式。大力推广新型能源,提高环保意识从源头上减少污染物的排放。 从能源消耗产业结构的关系考察,我国能源消耗总量为34.8亿吨标准煤,其中70%是工业部门消耗的,24.3亿吨,排放的二氧化碳总量为61.9亿吨。其中,冶金、建材、火力发电、石油炼化、化工、重型装备制造等六大行业消耗的能源又占工业总能耗的79%。所以工业废气排放是形成雾霾的主要源头。为此,国家一定要加大对工业部门的监管力度,在保证经济高效快速发展不受影响的前提下,尽量减少对化石燃料的使用,或加大对燃料燃烧废气的加工和处理,降低化石燃料占一次能源的比重,增加清洁能源占一次能源的比重。
从工业布局考察,我国的重化工业主要集中在华北、东北和西北地区。华北地区高耗能的钢铁工业的比重过高,仅河北省的粗钢生产能力约占全国的六分之一,而且中小钢铁企业数量多,能耗高。所以,必须优化钢铁工业布局,减少华北地区的钢铁产能,逐步关停那些能效低,污染大的`中小型钢铁企业。提高燃料使用效益,从而降低化石燃料的燃烧和废气排放。减少空气中氮氧化物的含量,以减轻雾霾对城市和人体的影响。
另外对于汽车废气这一污染的主要原因,强制安装尾气净化装置可以明显改善尾气排放对大气造成的的污染。其中三效催化剂(TWC)法是净化汽车尾气的有效手段。贵金属(Pt、Pd、Rh)搭载在Al2O3或蜂窝陶瓷上,添加适当的助剂,如
La、Ce、Ba等能够同时除去机动车尾气中的HC、CO和NO三种污染物的催化剂称为三效催化剂。其中Pt、Pd对CO、HC的氧化脱除具有高活性,而Rh具有对NO优良的催化还原作用,它能选择地将N0还原为N2而抑制NH3的生成。目前有91%的Rh用于三效催化剂的制备,Rh资源相当匮乏,所以无Rh催化剂是现今研究的一个主要目标口引。要使三效催化剂同时有效地脱除HC、CO和NO,必须把空燃比A/F控制在氧化还原计量比14.6附近,此时三种污染物的脱除率可达9O%以上。当空燃比较低时,CO、HC净化不完全,空燃比较高,导致NOX的转化率下降。尾气的处理同样治标不治本,尽量使用公共交通出行,使用清洁能源汽车才能从源头上减少汽车尾气的排放。
四.雾霾天气的自我防护
雾霾天气尽量减少外出,外出时可戴棉质口罩来预防呼吸道受雾天“污染”。外出归来及时清洗脸部及裸露皮肤,也可清水冲洗鼻腔。
雾霾天气尽量减少去人多地方,一些地方空气流通差易造成呼吸系统疾病交叉感染。
雾霾天气晨练除了可以导致呼吸系统疾病亦可导致心脑血管疾病出现; 此外,平时多饮水、清淡饮食、多进食新鲜的蔬菜水果,坚强锻炼,增强免疫力。
五.雾霾天气频发对我们的启示
全国性的环境问题,不断地健康警示,无一不是大自然母亲在向我们发出警告。我们若想要健康的生活,就必须善待环境,我们想要和谐社会,就必须要有一个和谐的自然,环境问题说到底都是人的问题,人的问题最后总要归结于教育和法制,环境保护需要全民重视,需要全民参与。 治理空气污染,改善空气质量,不是一个政府或者几个企业就能解决的,也不是一天两天搞个突击活动就能解决的,同时还需要靠我们每个人的不懈坚持和努力,我们可以从身边的一点一滴做起,作为当代大学生,在自己保护好环境的同时,还应该对外宣传好环保意识,实现全民共同建设美好家园的理想状态。让我们手牵手肩并肩,同呼吸共奋斗,一起建设“美丽中国”!
篇3:高中雾霾英语作文
Haze and weather, pollution emissions and so on.
In fact, haze weather continued, air quality decline, not a new phenomenon this year. In recent years, every autumn and winter, especially after the winter, China's eastern region from time to time encounter such a situation, both for meteorological reasons, but also pollution reasons.
Central Meteorological Station chief forecaster Ma Xueqian said that the recent emergence of fog in the eastern part of the meteorology known as radiation fog, the main reasons for the formation of three points: First, these areas near the ground relative humidity is relatively large; Second, there is no obvious cold Air activity, the wind is small, the atmosphere is relatively stable; Third, the sky sunny little cloud, is conducive to the night of radiation cooling, near the ground near the original humidity is relatively high air saturation condensation fog.
Large fog haze weather mainly occurs in the cold air and water vapor conditions better large-scale atmospheric circulation situation, near the ground low altitude for the static wind or breeze. Controlled by near-ground static weather, air in the horizontal and vertical mobility are very small, atmospheric diffusion conditions are very poor. By its control, regardless of the size of the city, the local traffic, life, production of energy consumption required for the production of pollutants are accumulated in the low level. At the same time, due to the high humidity of the haze weather, the water vapor is large, the droplets provide the adsorption and reaction sites to accelerate the conversion of the reactive gaseous pollutants to the liquid particulate matter, and the particles are also easy to accelerate the formation of haze as condensing nuclei , The two interact, the rapid formation of pollution.
Environmental experts say that if there is a long haze in the winter, usually in the northern region because of the heating period of the soaring energy consumption emissions, moderate urban population concentration of large urban areas of the main city for three consecutive days of air pollutant accumulation may To the extent of heavy pollution in the southern region if the production and traffic emissions may also reach the extent of heavy pollution.
篇4:高中雾霾英语作文
Just go out and find the day yellow, too wrong! Mother said; “it seems to be under the storm!
Walking, feeling the chest is boring, look like something like floating, head dizzy. Floating in the sky I do not know the soil or dust, there is a trace of fear. The sky is dark and the air is wet, giving a very depressing feeling.
The next day on the language class, the teacher let us discuss yesterday's haze weather. Some students say that some farmers caused by burning weeds, and some students said that the environment was caused by pollution ... ... I think it should be caused by pollution of the environment. Finally, the teacher for us to solve the mystery. Originally, this weather is due to the pollution of the environment and the formation of farmers combined with weeds, but the teacher added: ”farmers are just a catalyst for weeds, the most important thing is that we pollute the environment.“ In addition, the teacher also to us Added some knowledge, let us say that yesterday and what is the difference? I found that in the afternoon, some cars to open the lights. Xiao Yao found that the morning can not see the toilet on the toilet, and yesterday did not turn on the lights simply can not see ... ...
This haze so I know must protect the environment Caixing!
篇5:高中雾霾英语作文
Haze, as the name suggests is fog and haze. But the difference between the two great. Air and the ground near the tiny water droplets or ice crystals composed of aerosol system called fog, although the fog will reduce the visibility of the traffic to bring hidden dangers, but the fog itself will not directly cause harm to the human body; and haze is the air of dust, Nitric acid, sulfuric acid and other particulate matter composed of aerosol system caused by visual barriers called haze, haze can be directly into the human lower respiratory tract and lung lobe, harmful to human health. Nowadays, many cities in the country are suffering. ”Haze" has become a hot word in the 21st century.
Haze is not only harmful to humans, but also has a direct impact on the growth of roads, railways, aviation, power supply systems and crops. But also lead to the spread of infectious diseases and the occurrence of a variety of human diseases, it is reported that this winter compared to the previous winter respiratory tract incidence increased by 30% to 40%, which is a surprising number. Therefore, to prevent fog haze urgent.
The collapse of the haze of each tree will be more arrogant, we should be a lot of trees and grass to clean up the air. The state should also support such behavior, and issued a strict control of the factory's waste emissions, reduce the production of factories, a lot of new energy vehicles, such as strong environmental regulatory system. I must start from their own, so that parents open less private cars, take the bus, subway and other green travel, I also use to introduce the haze of the harm so that everyone involved in the ranks of governance haze. As long as everyone gave a big, China will be blue sky and white clouds of green mountains and a touching scene.
From now on, let us join in the ranks to prevent the haze, to defeat the cliff of the haze. Common with their own hands, to create a natural, green, beautiful world, out of the haze!
雾霾,顾名思义是雾与霾。但两者之间区别很大。空气中近与地面的微小水珠或冰晶组成的气溶胶系统叫做雾,雾虽然会降低能见度,给交通带来隐患,但是雾本身不会直接对人体造成伤害;而霾是空气中的灰尘、硝酸、硫酸等颗粒物组成的气溶胶系统造成视觉障碍的叫做霾,霾可以直接进入人体下呼吸道和肺叶中,对人体健康有害。如今,全国许多城市都备受其苦。“雾霾”已经成为21世纪的热点词语。
雾霾不仅对人体有害,还会对公路、铁路、航空、供电系统和农作物的生长造成直接影响。还易导致传染病的扩散与多种人体疾病的发生,据报道称,这个冬天相比上一个冬天呼吸道系统发病的人数增加了30%至40%之间,这是多么惊人的一个数字。因此,防止雾霾刻不容缓。
每一棵树木的倒塌雾霾就会更加嚣张,我们对此应该多多植树种草净化空气。国家也应该支持这种行为,并且下达严格控制工厂的废弃排放量,减少工厂生产汽车,多多生产新能源车,如强环境监管制度。我自己也一定从自身做起,让父母少开私家车,多乘坐公交、地铁等绿色出行方式,我还用向大家介绍雾霾的危害让大家参与到治理雾霾的行列中来。只要人人都献出一份大,中国定会是蓝天白云绿水青山一副动人的景象。
从现在开始,让我们一起参与到防止雾霾的行列中来,打败甚嚣尘上的雾霾。共同用自己的双手,营造一个天然、绿色、美丽的世界,走出雾霾!
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