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篇1：高考第一轮复习英语：高一unit1--unit2
高中第一册（上）
Unit 1-Unit 2
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 honest *loyal wise smart argue fond match fry *saw rope movie
*cast survive deserted hunt share lie adventure error *closet pronounce broad repeat majority total equal situation trade international organization government tourism *communicate *exchange service signal tidy stand *independent *publish expression compare
词组 hunt for in order to care about drop sb.a line argue about sth. even though
as...as possible in total make oneself at home except for stay up end up with
a great many the number of more and more
语法 直接引语和间接引语
注：1.带*者为考纲上无，但在口头或笔头交际中十分常用的单词或词组。
2.与考纲上单词互为构词变化形式的单词视作应掌握单词。
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.match
例句集锦
v.
（1）Sometimes his inner thoughts and his outer actions do not match.
有时他的内心想法与行为不一致。
（2）Please match each picture with the correct sentence.
把每一幅画与正确的句子搭配起来。
（3）No one can match her in knowledge of classical music.
在古典音乐方面没有人比得上她。
（4）The doors were painted blue to match the walls.
门漆成了蓝色，为的是与墙的颜色相配。
（5）Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合。
（6）The teams were evenly matched.
各队的水平旗鼓相当。
n.
（1）They had a football match with Grade Two yesterday and they won.
他们昨天和二年级进行了一场足球赛，他们赢了。
（2）I smell gas and you’d better not strike a match.
我闻到有煤气味，你最好别擦火柴。
（3）The cap is a match for the coat.
这帽子和上衣很相配。
（4）I was his match at tennis.
打网球我跟他难分上下。
（5）I have found a vase that is an exact match of the one I broke.
我找到了一只花瓶，和我打碎的那个一模一样。
用法归纳
*match可用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：与……一致；和……相似；和……相配（称）；匹敌过；比得过。主要搭配形式为：match+n.+to/with+n.把……和……搭配起来/调和起来；match+n.+ in/for+n.与……匹敌，是……的对手，势均力敌。
作名词时，主要义项有：火柴；比赛；相配
相关归纳
（1）be no match for 敌不过
I was no match for him at tennis.
打网球我根本不是他的对手。
（2） match up to 与……相当；符合……标准
The trip failed to match up to her expectations.
这次旅行令她很失望。
2.share
例句集锦
v.
（1）Share the sweets between you.
你们两人把这些糖果分了。
He shared his money out among his six children.
他把钱分给了六个孩子。
（2）I’ll share the cost with you.
我将与你分摊费用。
The two friends shared everything-they had no secrets.
这对朋友无话不谈--彼此之间毫无秘密。
（3）We haven’t enough books for everyone；some of you will share.
我们的书不够每人一本，你们中有些人得合用。
He shares a house with three other students.
他和另外三个学生合住一套房子。
（4）I try to get the kids to share in the housework.
我努力让孩子们分担家务活。
Both the drivers shared the blame for the accidents.
事故责任由两个驾车人共同承担。
n.
（1）We shall all have a share in the profits.
我们都分得一份利润。
（2）Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.
明年我们希望获得更大的市场份额。
（3）I own 12 shares in an oil company.
我拥有石油公司的12个股份。
用法归纳
*share可用作动词和名词。用作名词时，主要义项为：一份；股份
用作动词时，主要搭配和义项有：（1）share sth.（out）（among/between sb.）分给；分配；分派 （2）share sth.（with sb.）和别人分享；和别人合用；分给别人 （3）share in sth.分摊；共同承担
3.develop
例句集锦
（1）You should try your best to develop a business.
你们应该尽量扩大业务。
（2）He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.
他已养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。
（3）The child is developing normally.
这孩子发育正常。
（4）The company develops and markets new software.
这个公司开发并销售新软件。
（5）Can you develop this film for me？
你能把这个胶卷冲洗出来吗？
（6）She developed the company from nothing.
她白手起家办起这个公司。
用法归纳
*develop v. 主要义项为：发展；发生；产生；开发；加工；冲洗
4.communicate v.
communication n.
例句集锦
（1）People communicate with each other by spoken or written language or by body languages.
人们通过口头或笔头或通过身体语言进行交流。
（2）Through the Internet，we can communicate directly with the United Nations.
通过互联网，我们可以直接与联合国联系。
（3）He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传达给小组。
（4）The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
这种疾病通过不干净的饮用水传播。
（5）Radio and television are important means of communication.
收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。
（6）Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
说话是人与人交流最快捷的方式。
用法归纳
*communicate v 告知；交流；沟通；传达；传递；传染；传播（疾病）
*communication n传达；交流；通讯；联络；信息
5.lie
例句集锦
（1）The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.
猫躺在炉火旁睡得很熟。
（2）When I entered，he was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
我进去时，他正和衣躺在床上。
（3）Snow was lying thick on the ground.
厚厚的积雪覆盖大地。
（4）These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.
工厂关闭以来，这些机器就一直闲置着。
（5）The town lies on the coast.
这个小镇位于海滨。
（6）Thompson is lying in the fourth place.
汤姆森名列第四。
（7）You could see from his face that he was lying.
从他的表情你可以看出来他在说假话。
（8）She lies about her age.
她谎报自己的年龄。
（9）The camera cannot lie.
照相机不会作假。
用法归纳
*lie作动词时，主要义项为：躺着；位于；处于，保留，保持（某种状态）；说谎。
相关归纳
（1）lie down 躺下（休息或养病）
I’ll go and lie down for a bit.I’m a little dizzy.
我去躺一会儿，我有点头晕。
（2）lie with（责任等）在于
The fault lies with me.
错误在我。
（3）give the lie to sth.证实……是虚假的；证明不实；揭穿谎言
These new figures give the lie to the belief that unemployment is going down.
这些新的资料表明失业率在下降的看法是不真实的。
特别提示
lie作“说谎”讲时，是规则动词，过去式和过去分词为 lied，lied；作其他意思讲时，是不规则动词，过去式和过去分词为lay，lain。
6.compare
例句集锦
（1）Those present at the meeting compared the industry development in both countries.
与会者对两个国家的工业发展作了比较。
（2）We compared the two reports carefully.
我们仔细比较了两个报告。
（3）It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.
把他们的状况和我们的相比很有意思。
用法归纳
*compare（v.）的主要义项有：比较；相比
相关归纳
（1）compare A with B 把A与B相比较（指同类事物的具体比较）。
Compare John’s answer with Henry’s，which is better？
把约翰和亨利两人的答案比较一下，哪个更好？
（2） compare A to B 把A比作B
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
（3）compared to/with 与……比起来（常用作状语，可位于句首或句末）
Compared to/with many people，she was indeed lucky.
和许多人比起来，她是幸运的。
（4）compare with/to sb./sth.与……类似（或相似）
This school compares with the best in the country.
=This school is as good as the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校相媲美。
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
这房子比不上我们以前的。
●重点短语
1.as...as possible 尽可能地……
例句集锦
We will mend your car as soon as possible.
=We will mend your car as soon as they can.
我们将尽早把你的车修好。
I’ll go to see you as often as possible.
=I’ll go to see you as often as I can.
我将会尽可能经常地去看你的。
You should try to be as friendly as possible to each other.
你们彼此之间应该尽可能地友好些。
特别提示
as...as possible 是as...as it is（was）possible的省略，其中的possible用作表语，不可用副词possibly替代。
2.come about（某事）发生（=happen）
例句集锦
I don’t know how this thing came about.
我不知道这事是怎样发生的。
Do you know how the phrase came about？
你知道这个成语是怎样产生的吗？
How did it come about that you didn’t report this to us in good time？
你怎么没及时向我们报告？
3.forget to do sth.忘记去做……
forget doing sth.忘了做过……
例句集锦
Don’t forget to give my regards to them.
别忘了替我向他们问好。
Take care，and don’t forget to write.要保重，别忘了写信。
I forgot writing to him，so I wrote again.
=I forgot that I had written to him，so I wrote again.
我忘了已经给他写过信了，我又写了一封。
用法归纳
forget to do sth.的意思是：忘了要做的事。
forget doing sth.的意思是：忘了已做的事或已发生的事。
具有相似用法的动词（短语）还有：remember，regret等。
Remember to post the letters.
=Don’t forget to post the letters.
要记着去寄信。
I remember posting/having posted the letters.
=I posted the letters and I remember the actions.
我记得已把信寄了。
We regret to inform you that your account is overdrawn.
我们遗憾地通知你，你的账户已透支了。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought，even if it upset her.
我把想法告诉了她使她感到烦恼，但是我不后悔。
4.more or less大约；差不多，几乎
例句集锦
That table is more or less two meters long.
那张桌子大约两米长。
I’ve more or less finished the book.
我差不多已经读完这本书了。
She could earn $200 a day，more or less.
她一天大约能挣200美元。
用法归纳
more or less是一个固定结构，or不可换成and。more or less可以修饰数词，意为“大约”；还可修饰动词、分词、形容词，意为“或多或少，差不多，几乎”。通常放在系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，或放在动词之前，也可置于句末。
5.more than 超过；很；非常；不仅
例句集锦
That mountain is more than 1500 meters high.（=over）
这座山有1500多米高。
More than one person was invited.
接到邀请的不止一个人。
She is more than pleased with her daughter’s performance.（=very）
她对女儿的表演非常高兴。
Bamboo is used for more than building.
=Bamboo is not only used for building.
竹子不仅仅可以用来盖房子。
She was more than a little shaken by the experience.
这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。
Music is more than just sound -it is a way of thinking.
音乐不仅仅是一种声音 --它是一种思考的方式。
用法归纳
“more than+数词+名词”等于“over+数词+名词”，意为“超过”。more than用于修饰形容词、名词或动词时，要看作习语，意思是“不仅、很、非常”。
相关归纳
（1）no more than 不超过
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所受的学校教育加起来不超过一年。
（2）more A than B与其说B不如说A
She is more hardworking than wise.
与其说她聪明不如说她勤奋。
6.more and more 越来越……
例句集锦
More and more people are using the Internet.
越来越多的人在使用互联网。
He is getting fatter and fatter.
他越来越胖了。
She is becoming more and more interested in going into politics.
她对从政越来越感兴趣了。
We’re walking more and more slowly.
我们越走越慢了。
相关归纳
“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”相当于汉语的“越……，（就）越……”。该结构表示两个变化按比例同时递增/减。前一个“the＋比较级...”结构为从属分句，后一个“the＋比较级...”结构为主句。主句为一般将来时态时，从句（前一个“the＋比较级...”结构）要用一般现在时。
The more you read，the more you’ll get.
你读得越多，就收获越大。
The sooner you start，the more quickly the work will be finished.
你开始得越早，工作就完成得越快。
The more difficult the problem is，the more interested he becomes.
题越难，他越感兴趣。
7.bring in 吸引，引入；请……做，让……参加；提出（新法案）；赚得，挣
例句集锦
They started to use English，but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
他们开始使用英语，但是他们也从本族语言中引入了一些单词。
Experts were brought in to advise the government.
政府请来专家出谋划策。
They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports.
他们想提出一项限制武器出口的议案。
We need to bring in a lot more new business.
我们得吸引更多的新业务。
How much does she bring in now？
她现在挣多少钱？
相关归纳
（1）bring about导致；引起
What brought about the change in his attitude？
是什么使他改变了主意？
（2）bring back把……送回；归还；使回忆起；恢复；重新使用
Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
请在周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
The photographs brought back many of pleasant memories.
照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。
Most people are against bringing back death penalty.
大多数人反对恢复死刑。
（3）bring down打垮；击败；降低；减少；（飞机）着陆；击落
The scandal may bring down the government.
那件丑闻可能使政府垮台。
We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.
我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。
The pilot managed to bring the plane down in the field.
飞行员设法将飞机降落在田里。
Twelve enemy fighters have been brought down.
有十二架敌方的战斗机被击落。
●必背句型
1.so或neither（nor）引导的（倒装）句型
教材原句
（1）Rock music is OK，and so is skiing.
摇滚乐很好，滑雪也不错。
（2）I don’t enjoy singing，nor do I like computers.
我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢计算机。
特别提示
1.“so+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句不同的）主语”表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。so代替上文中的动作或概念，表示“也是这样，也是如此”。注意：两句中应使用同类助动词且应时态一致。
2.“neither/nor+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句相同的）主语”表示连续的否定。
补充例句
（1）She can speak French and so can her husband.
=She can speak French and her husband can speak French，too.
她会讲法语，她的丈夫也会。
I have lost a bike and so has he.
= I have lost a bike and he has also lost one.
我丢了一辆自行车，他也丢了一辆。
（2）I don’t know where he has gone，nor do I care about.
我不知道他去哪里了，我也不关心。
相关归纳
（1）-I have never been to America.
我从未去过美国。
-Neither/Nor have I.（=I haven’t been to America，either.）
我也从未去过。
特别提示
“neither/nor+系动词（情态动词或助动词）+（与前句不同的）主语”表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物；由于neither/nor是否定词，所以不能再使用not。
（江苏卷，21）I will never know what was on his mind at the time，nor will anyone else.
我将永远不会知道当时他心里是怎么想的，其他人也不会知道。
（2）-Tom likes playing basketball but he can’t play well.
汤姆喜欢打篮球，但他打得不好。
-So it is with me.（=I like playing basketball，too，but I can’t play well，either.）
我的情况与他相同。
特别提示
前句表述的某人或某物情况复杂，无法使用so或neither（nor）引导的倒装句型表达另一人或物情况相同，则用It is/was with sb./sth.。
-He is an honest worker and works hard.
他是一位诚实的工人，而且工作很卖力。
-So it is with you.
你也是这样的。
（3）-She can speak French.她会讲法语。
-So she can.（=You are right.She can speak French.）
她确实会讲法语。
特别提示
“So+（与前句相同的）主语+助动词”表示赞同，so译为“确实”，主谓不倒装。
2.so...that 如此……以至于……
教材原句
Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
查克是个商人，他太忙了以至于很少有时间与朋友交往。
特别提示
so+adj./adv.+that...表示“如此……以至于”，that可省略；当so和它所修饰的形容词或副词放在句首时，主句倒装。
特别提示
补充例句
The weather was so fine that the children all went out，playing in the sun.
天气很好，孩子们都出去在阳光下玩耍。
So interesting is the book that I want to read it again.
=The book is so interesting that I want to read it again.
这本书太有趣了，我想再看一遍。
相关归纳
There are so many mistakes in your article that I can’t understand the meaning.
你的文章里错误百出，以致我无法看懂文意。
特别提示
在so...that句型中也可以使用名词，结构如下：
（1）so+few/many+可数名词复数+that
（2）so+little/much+不可数名词+that
（3）so+adj.+a（n）+名词+that=such+a（n）+adj.+名词+that
It was so cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
=It was such a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
天气太冷了，河里的冰有两英尺厚。
There was so much water in the river that we couldn’t swim across it.
河里的水太多了，我们游不过去。
3.should have done sth.过去应该干某事
教材原句
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
他还明白了他以前应该多关心朋友。
特别提示
should have done表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，含有责备的意味。
shouldn’t have done表示“过去不应该做某事，而实际上做了”，也含有责备的意味。
补充例句
（1）You should have come here yesterday.
你昨天应该到这里来。
（2）I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
明天我将告诉玛丽她的新工作。
（20福建卷，32）You should have told her last week.
你上周就该告诉她。
（3）He shouldn’t have gone without telling us.
他不应该不告诉我们就走了。
（4）I shouldn’t have yelled at you that way.
我不该那样对你大喊大叫。
4.强调句型及其各种结构
教材原句
What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom？
乔在浴室里找不到的是什么？
特别提示
强调句型的结构如下：
（1）基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其余部分
（2）被强调句子是一般疑问句时，强调句结构：“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋其他部分（用陈述语序）？”
（3）被强调部分是特殊疑问词时，强调句结构：“疑问词＋is/was ＋that＋其他部分（陈述语序）？”
（4）强调名词性从句引导词时，强调句结构：“引导词＋it is/was＋that＋从句其他部分”。
（5）对not...until结构中until部分进行强调时，not需要放在被强调部分，句式为：“It is/was not until...that＋主句部分（用肯定形式）”。
补充例句
（1）It was we that/who had a meeting in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午是我们在会议室开的会。
It was in the meeting room that we had a meeting yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我们是在会议室开的会。
（2）Is it tomorrow that you will go to see him？
你是准备明天去看他吗？
Was it in the meeting room that you held the meeting yesterday afternoon？
你们昨天是在会议室开的会吗？
（3）Where was it that you held the meeting？
你们是在哪里开的会？
When is it that you will go to see him？
你准备在什么时间去看他？
（4）I don’t know what it was that he said at the meeting.
我不知道他在会上讲了什么。
He asked where it was that you held the meeting.
他问你们是在哪里开的会。
（5）It was not until you told me that I knew what he said at the meeting.
直到你告诉我，我才知道他在会上讲了什么。
It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.
直到午夜他才做完实验回到家里。
疑难突破
1.match，suit，fit
match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
fit多指尺寸、形状合适，引申为吻合，协调。
应用
（1）His clothes don’t ______ his age.
（2）Does the time ______ you？
（3）The new coat ______ her well.It is neither too big nor too small.
（4）Which day ______ you，Saturday or Sunday？
答案：（1）match （2）suit （3）fits （4）suits
2.alone，lonely
（1）词性：alone可以作形容词和副词；lonely只能作形容词。
（2）用法：作形容词时，alone只能作表语，有时作宾补，不能作定语；lonely可以作表语和定语。alone不能用very修饰，而要说much alone，或very much alone。
（3）词义：作表语时，alone的意思是“独自一人”，指的是客观情况；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主观感觉。
（4）固定结构：leave/let sb./sth.alone 听任；别打扰；let alone更不用说。
应用
（1）He feels ______ though he has two brothers.
（2）The old man lives in a ______ house in the forest ______.
（3）When he woke up，he found himself ______ in the room.
（4）Though he is ______ at home，he doesn’t feel______，for he has many things to do.
（5）The baby can’t walk，let ______ run.
（6）Leave the machine ______.It’s dangerous.
答案：（1）lonely （2）lonely，alone （3）alone （4）alone，lonely （5）alone （6）alone
3.although，though
（1）一般情况下，两者可换用（although多用于句首）。
（2）所引导的让步状语从句放在主句前，从句中用部分倒装时，用though（=as）。
（3）只能说as though（=as if）；even though（=even if）。
（4）though可用作副词，放在句末或句中，表示“然而、不过”，although不可。
应用
（1）______ they tried hard，they didn’t finish the work on time.
（2）They didn’t stop to have a rest ______ they were tired.
（3）He speaks English as ______ he were an Englishman.
（4）Even ______ he didn’t tell me anything about it，I know the whole thing.
（5）Child ______he is，he knows a lot about computers.
（6）He said he would help me with my English； he didn’t，______.
答案：（1）Although/Though （2）though/although （3）though （4）though （5）though （6）though
4.besides，except，except for，except that
besides意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……”。
except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外，意为“除……之外”，指“不包括……”。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或wh-从句。
except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，后接名词。
except that的用法基本同except for，但其后必须接句子。它用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。
应用
（1）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is also glad.
（2）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is very sad.
（3）He is a good man，______hot temper.
（4）Your article is quite good ______ there are several spelling mistakes.
（5）Your article is quite good ______several spelling mistakes.
答案：（1）besides （2）except （3）except for （4）except that （5）except for
5.a number of，the number of
a number of只能用作定语，修饰可数名词复数，意为“许多；若干”（=many）。number前可用large，small等修饰词。当它修饰主语时，谓语动词与它修饰的主语一致。
the number of 的意思是“……的数量；号码”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the number。如果用作主语，即使后面的名词是复数，谓语也要用单数。
应用
（1）______ trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
（2）We have lived here for ______ years.
（3）______ jobless people grows in the country at present.
（4）______ students are playing football on the playground.
（5）______ students in our class is over 70.
答案：（1）The number of （2）a number of （3）The number of （4）A number of （5）The number of
典例剖析
【例1】 （春季北京，29）The Internet has brought______big changes in the way we work.
A.about B.out C.back D.up
剖析：本题考查动词短语。bring about导致，引起；bring out说明，阐明，出版；bring back把……送回，归还，使回忆起，恢复，重新使用；bring up抚养，培养，提起，提出。bring about符合句意，故选A。全句意思为：“因特网给我们工作的方式带来了很大的变化。”
答案：A
【例2】（年全国卷Ⅰ，26）-How about eight o’clock outside the cinema？
-That ______ me fine.
A.fits B.meets C.satisfies D.suits
剖析：本题考查动词的辨析。从语境看，对话的内容是在讨论见面的时间、地点，B、C两项意思不合适：meet的意思为“满足……的要求”时，后跟名词，不跟人称代词，例如：meet one’s wishes（满足某人的愿望）；satisfy作“满足某人的需要，使满足”解时，带宾语，但是后不再跟修饰语；fit指“（大小、形状）合适”；suit意为“适合……的要求；对……方便”，后跟人称代词。从语境看，答话人对问话人所定的时间、地点感到适合、方便，故选D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，27）Mr White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting，but he didn’t show up.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
剖析：后句表明他没到达，因此选A项，因为should have done可以表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，这与前句意思相符。B项和D项时态不对。C项结构搭配错误。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，32）-I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!
-______.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
剖析：由于前句表达的是否定意思，首先排除D项；“Neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中的助动词应与前句的助动词保持一致，因此排除A项； C项结构错误。故选B。
答案：B
【例5】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，35）I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A.since B.while C.when D.as
剖析：全句意为：“几乎所有的家务活都是我干的，而我的丈夫Bob只是偶尔洗洗盘子。”故选B。句中while表示对比，意为“而；然而”（=but）。此外，while还可表示：（1）虽然；尽管（=although）。（2）当……的时候。
答案：B
补充：
【例1】 （2004年春季上海，35）I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ______？
A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought
剖析：have用作实义动词，作“有”讲时，其宾语后可用动词不定式作定语，本题就需要动词不定式作定语。全句意思是：“今天下午我去超市买东西，你有什么要买的吗？”
答案：B
【例2】 -David has made great progress recently.
-______ and ______.
A.So he has；so you have B.So he has；so have you
C.So has he；so have you D.So has he；so you have
剖析：本题的精巧之处在于将so的两种用法置于同一语境中。本题的意思是：“大卫最近取得了很大进步。”“他是取得了进步，你也取得了很大进步。”
答案：B
【例3】 （高考上海，32）-You forgot your purse when you went out.
-Good heavens，______.
A.so did I B.so I did C.I did so D.I so did
剖析：本题考查副词so的意义和用法。正确解答本题的关键是要弄清两句话的主语是同一人。
“So+（与前句相同的）主语+助动词”表示赞同，so意为“确实”。而 “So+助动词+（与前句不同的）主语”表示上文说某人做了某事，下文说“另一个人”也做了某事。故不可选A项，应选B。
答案：B
篇2：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 21-Unit 22
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 unfair customer *avoid suitcase manage fold *vary crazy part firm handshake bow fist bend tap gently anger useless occur *focus *specific amusement *souvenir attraction collection castle *minority cartoon *thrill educate *conservation coastal divide *section *shuttle butterfly injury rocket helicopter carve achievement *civilization prevent handbag *twist darkness imagination designer endless
词组 ahead of give sb.a hand get through tear down hold up make a face in order cut off tell the truth take turns stare at * a variety of
语法 v.-ing 作主语、宾语、表语和状语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.manage
例句集锦
v.
（1）He is managing the business for his father.
他在代他父亲做生意。
The company was badly managed.
这家公司经营不善。
（2）He couldn’t manage his horse,and it threw him to the ground.
他驾驭不了他的马，马把他摔在地上了。
He managed to organize a live concert.
=He succeeded in organizing a live concert.
他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。
It’s heavy,but I can manage（to carry it）.
这东西很沉，但我能设法搬走。
（3）I have to manage with 10 dollars till payday.
我得用10块钱支撑到发薪日。
Can you manage another cake?
你还能再吃个蛋糕吗？
用法归纳
*manage用作动词，主要义项有：经营；管理（同义词：operate）；操纵；对付；设法做成；设法维持。名词：management 经营；管理；处理操作 manager经理。
特别提示
注意比较：manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事；try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，但不知道最终的结果；try doing sth.试图做某事；attempt to do尽力做。
2.occur
例句集锦
vi.
（1）It is said that the accident occurred at midnight.
据说那次车祸是深夜发生的。
He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
他得出结论日光在不同季节长短不同，鸟体内由此出现不同的变化。
（2）短语occur to sb.的意思为come into sb’s mind 想起；想到
An idea has occurred to me.
我想到了一个主意。
也可以使用句型：It occurs to sb.that...
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
我想到我们应该更经常地到那里去。
（3）Three misprints occur on the first page.
第一页有三个地方印错。
用法归纳
*occur用作不及物动词，主要有以下义项：发生；（念头、想法等）想起；浮现；出现；存在。
特别提示
下列动词或短语都有“发生”的意思，并且都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态：happen,take place,break out,come about。
3.prevent
例句集锦
v.
（1）We should do our best to prevent accidents.
我们应该尽力防止事故发生。
（2）However,some psychologists warn that too much study can prevent a child from developing normally.
然而心理学家警告说学生负担太重会阻止孩子正常发育。
In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.
同样的道理，大气层中的多种气体可以捕捉太阳产生的热量，并阻止它扩散。
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.
他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势的蔓延。
Her sudden arrival prevented him（from）going out.
她突然来到使他不能外出。
用法归纳
*prevent用作动词，表示“妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防”的意思。其常用结构有：prevent sth.和prevent sb.（from）doing sth.。
特别提示
下列动词的结构相同：prevent...from...;stop...from...;keep...from...。但是keep...from...中的from不能省略。短语keep...doing的意思为“使某人一直做”。在被动语态中，以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。
4.avoid
例句集锦
vi.
（1）Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.
我们幸而逃过了一场灾难。
The car turned to the left to avoid a collision.
那辆车子为避免冲撞而左转。
（2）I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
我尽量避免遇见他，因为他总是使我厌烦。
用法归纳
*avoid用作及物动词，主要义项有：逃避；避免；回避。可以跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。avoidable adj. 可避免的； avoidance n. 逃避；回避
特别提示
注意比较：fail to do sth.没有（没能）做成某事。e.g.Never fail to write to me.千万别忘了给我写信。miss doing 错过做……；躲过。e.g.I missed buying the May number of the magazine.我没买到五月份的杂志。escape doing 逃离（灾难）。e.g.He escaped being punished.他逃过了惩罚。
●重点短语
1.take turns
例句集锦
We take turns at cooking.我们轮流做饭。
Mary and Helen took turns at sitting up with their sick mother.
玛丽和海伦轮流熬夜陪伴她们生病的母亲。
We took turns at driving the car.
我们轮流开车。
相关归纳
（1）by turns 轮流=take turns at doing sth.
She went hot and cold by turns.
她一会冷一会热。
They laughed and cried by turns.
他们一会哭一会笑。
（2）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to sing.
该轮到你唱歌了。
It’s my turn to drive next.
下回该轮到我开车了。
（3）in turn（s）轮流；依次；按顺序
They sang on the stage in turn.
他们轮流在舞台上唱歌。
（4）on the turn在转变
Their opinions are on the turn.
他们的看法开始转变。
（5）out of turn不按顺序；次序混乱
Please don’t speak out of turn.
请按顺序讲话。
（6）serve one’s turn适合自己的需要
I think this book will serve my turn.
我认为这本书会适合我的需要。
特别提示
注意以上短语中turn的单复数形式。
2.get through
例句集锦
（1）（=go through）The Bill didn’t go through.
这项议案未被通过。
Tom failed but his sister got through.
汤姆考试不及格但他妹妹及格了。
（2）A smile can help us get through difficult situations.
一个微笑可以使我们摆脱困境。
（3）I called all day yesterday,but I couldn’t get through（to you）.
昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没有办法打通（联络到你）。
（4）He has got through all his money.
他的钱都花光了。
相关归纳
（1）get across 过……的时候（不用被动语态）；与……沟通
The bridge fell down just after we got across（it）.
我们刚过去桥，桥就塌了。
I just can’t get across to him.
我无法和他沟通。
（2）get along 设法度过；相处（和with连用）；进展（和with连用）
We’ll get along without that much money somehow.
即使没有那么多的钱，我们也能设法过日子。
How are you getting along with your new girlfriend?
你和新女友相处如何？
How are you getting along with your work?
你的工作进展如何？
（3）get away离开
I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.
我恐怕难以从会议上脱身。
（4）get down 下来
The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.
那只小猫爬上树但下不来了。
（5）get down to 开始做（to为介词）
He got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.
他一坐下就开始工作。
特别提示
（1）go through with／get through（with）= finish；（2）go through和get through在表示“通过”时，不用于被动语态。
3.hold up
例句集锦
（1）I held up my hand to show that I had a question.
我举手表示有问题。
（2）The travelers were held up by bandits.
游客们遭到土匪抢劫。
（3）We were help up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.
我们在前往机场的路上因堵车而延误了登机时间。
相关归纳
（1）hold back缩回；制止；隐瞒
Hold your head back.把头缩回去。
They must do something to hold back rushing fans.
他们必须想法挡住蜂拥而来的慕名者。
You must be holding something back from me.
你一定对我隐瞒着什么。
（2）hold off 使……保持距离；拖延
She hates children and tries to hold them off.
她讨厌小孩，总是想法远离他们。
Hold off for a minute.延缓一分钟。
（3）hold on继续；坚持；不挂断（电话）；固定
The storm held on all night.
暴风雨持续了一夜。
How much longer can we hold on?
我们能再坚持多久？
Hold on a minute.等一会儿（别挂断）。
（4）hold on to 抓住；执著于；固守
The little girl held on to the tail of his coat.
那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。
（5）hold out 伸出；维持
The lady held out her hand to him.
那女士向他伸出了手。
Our food supplies won’t hold out long.（=last）
我们的食品存量维持不了多久。
（6）catch/get/lay/seize/take hold of抓住
He was caught hold of by the arm.
他的手腕被抓住。
●必背句型
1.as to 的句型结构
教材原句
There are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.
至于身体接触的频率、谈话双方站立的距离、见面和告别的动作也有差别。
特别提示
（1）比较as to和so as to的区别。so as to 后面跟动词不定式，相当于in order to，表示“为了……”的意思。（2）as to后面跟名词、短语和从句，在wh－从句、短语前的as to常可省略。
补充例句
As to money,he is indifferent.
至于钱，他漠不关心。
She was at a loss（as to）how to explain it.
她全然不知道该如何说明这件事。
I enjoy going to the movies.But as to/as for the theater,I prefer staying at home.
我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。
3.than+副词／过去分词的省略句型结构
教材原句
Today rides are wilder and scarier than ever.
如今乘车兜风比以前更加疯狂，更加可怕了。
补充例句
You’ll soon speak English much better than ever.
你的英语不久就会比以前讲得更好。
We had a bigger crop last year than ever.
我们去年的收成比往年都好。
They arrived earlier than usual.
他们比通常来得早。
He arrived three hours later than expected.
他比预期的晚来了三个小时。
疑难突破
1.divide,separate
divide vi. & vt.分开；分成……份。常构成短语：divide...into...“把……分成几份”；divide up分开。
separate v.分离；分手；隔开。常构成短语：separate...from...“把……和……分开”。adj. 分开的；各自的
应用
（1）He ______ the apple into half.
（2）He ______ the profits with his partners.
（3）She ______ her spare time between reading books and walking.
（4）We talked until midnight and then ______.
（5）As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends.
（6）England is ______ from France by the Channel.
（7）He decided to ______ the large house into flats.
答案：（1）divided （2）divided （3）divided （4）separated （5）separated （6）separated （7）divide
2.injure/harm/wound/hurt
四个动词都有“受伤”的意思,但侧重点不同。
injure意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻／很严重／很重。injury n.
harm 可用于动词和名词，“伤害；危害”指精神上或物质上的危害；对……有害。短语：do harm to sb./do sb.harm对某人有危害
wound可用于动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中时所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害。
hurt 主要用于有生命的东西，多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害。
应用
（1）Tom fell down from the tree and ______ his legs.
（2）Smoking will ______ your health.
（3）She’s afraid that he would ______ the child.
（4）I ______ my eyes by reading in dim light.
（5）He got ______ in the war.
（6）He fell off the bike and ______ his arm.
（7）He didn’t want to ______ her feelings.
答案：（1）injured/hurt （2）harm （3）harm （4）harmed （5）wounded （6）hurt （7）hurt
典例剖析
【例1】 （20春季北京，34）______ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。表示“面对……”可以使用face sth.，也可以使用be faced with sth.。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年重庆,32）The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.
A./；/ B.the；/ C.the;the D.a;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。从句子的意思分析，第一处后面有定语从句修饰，表示特指，第二处为多个词表示的专有名词，所以都使用定冠词。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年上海,25）The accident is reported to have occurred ______ the first Sunday in February.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
剖析：本题考查介词的用法。表示特指某一天时，应该在该词前面使用介词on。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年江苏,27）Tom owns ______larger collection of ______ books than any other student in our class.
A.the;/ B.a;/ C.a;the D./;the
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。短语a large collection of “大量”的意思。第二处泛指书，不使用冠词。
答案：B
篇3：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 13-Unit 14
高中第一册（下）
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 fat stomach fever ripe ought examine plenty diet fit gain energy
soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture sleepy brain steam *theme *parade fighting *conflict argument major probably honour *ancestor *principle nation purpose *creativity *faith *commercial joy light similar generation *salute kiss cheek nod celebration respect gift cycle fool invitation
词组 ought to plenty of keep up with make a right choice short of now and then roll up dress up in one’s opinion give thanks to play a trick on sb. take in cut...into pieces lead a ...life
语法 情态动词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.fit
例句集锦
n.
These shoes are a perfect fit.
这双鞋子很合脚。
The coat is a bad fit.那件外套不合身。
What a fit!多么合身的衣服啊！
v.
（1）This jacket fits me well.
这件夹克很合我的身。
Why,the key doesn’t fit the lock!
哎呀，这把钥匙不是这把锁的!
What do you want to drink?Will beer fit the bill?
你想喝什么？啤酒可以吗？
（2）These shoes fit perfectly.
这双鞋子完全合脚。
The lid fits badly.那盖子根本盖不上。
（3）It is difficult to fit a suit on him because he is so irregularly built.
他的体形和常人不大相同，很难有合身的衣服。
（4）Please find a coat to the customer.
请找一件适合这位顾客穿的外套。
adj
（1）We meet next week.Do you know a fit place?
我们下星期要开会，你知道什么合适的场所吗？
（2）What kind of job is he fit for?
他适合什么样的工作？
（3）I have no dress fit to wear in public.
我没有适合在公共场合穿的衣服。
Is this water fit to drink?这水能喝吗？
The house isn’t fit for you to live in.
这栋房子不适合你居住。
（4）It is not fit for you to talk like that.
=It is not fit that you（should）talk like that.
你那样说很不得体。
（5）Exercise keeps you fit.
运动能使你保持健康。
用法归纳
*fit可用作动词、名词和形容词。主要义项有：合身的衣服，适合，合适的，适合……的。
特别提示、
fit用作名词时常与不定冠词连用；用作动词时一般表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人穿，如表示衣服的款式或颜色适合某人一般用suit表示。
2.purpose
例句集锦
n.
（1）For what purpose did you go to Africa?
你到非洲去有什么目的？
I didn’t meet him for the mere purpose of talking.
我并不是仅为了谈话才见他。
My purpose in going there was to meet some people on business.
我去那儿的目的是会见商务人士。
answer/serve one’s purpose 符合需要；carry out a purpose 实现目标
（2）What’s the main purpose of this building?
这栋建筑物的主要用途是什么？
Is there any purpose in waiting?
等下去有用吗？
（3）I think he lost the key on purpose.
我认为他是故意丢失钥匙的。
He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
他为了卖自己的一幅画而特意进城。
His explanation was not to the purpose.
他的解释不得要领。
用法归纳
*purpose常用作名词，有两个义项：目的（可数名词）；用途，效果（不可数名词）。
特别提示
短语on purpose的反义词为by chance或by accident“偶然”。
3.respect
例句集锦
n.
（1）Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子应该尊敬老师。
The doctor was held in respect by everyone.
这位医生受到了大家的尊敬。
（2）He has no respect for his promise.他不重视他的诺言。
We must have respect for the needs of the general readers.
我们必须考虑到一般读者的需要。
He has no respect for the feelings of others.
他毫不在意别人的心情。
（3）My mother sends her respects to you.我母亲向你问好。
v.
He is respected by everyone.
他受到了大家的尊重。
Do you respect the laws of your country?
你们尊重贵国的法律吗？
If you don’t respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不尊重自己，怎么期望别人尊重你？
用法归纳
*respect可以用作名词和动词（vt.）。主要有以下义项：尊敬；尊重；考虑；重视。作名词时常为不可数名词，复数respects的意思为问候，问好，相当于regards,wishes。
特别提示
注意respect构成的短语：pay respect to 考虑；尊重；with respect to 关于；without respect to 不管；不考虑；in respect of 涉及，关于，在……方面；as respects 就……而言，关于
4.gift
例句集锦
n.
（1）a Christmas/birthday gift 圣诞（生日）礼物
He made a gift of $10 000 to his old high school.
他给他的高中母校捐赠了10 000美圆。
（2）He is a boy of many gifts.
他是个多才多艺的孩子。
He has a gift for music.他有音乐天赋。
用法归纳
*gift用作名词，一般有两个义项：礼物（同义词present）,捐赠，天才，天赋。gifted 为形容词，意思为“有天赋的；有天资的”。a gifted musician一位有天赋的音乐家
特别提示
注意比较gifted“有天赋的”，skilled“有技术的”和experienced“有经验的”。
5.salute
例句集锦
v.
He saluted his friends with a wave of the hand.
他挥挥手向他的朋友致意。
The guard saluted the general smartly.
卫兵非常精神地向将军行礼。
n.
They fired a salute of ten guns.
他们鸣礼炮十响。
He raised his hat as a friendly salute.
他举帽行礼。
They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute.
他们在墓旁脱帽默哀。
用法归纳
*salute可以用作动词（vi.& vt.）和名词，主要义项有：致敬，行礼，向某人表达敬意。短语in salute的意思为“以表示敬意”。
●重点短语
1.take in
例句集锦
Please take in the washing,if it rains.
如果下雨，请把洗的衣服收进来。反义词：take out（拿出）
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
这位好心的老太太主动收容那位可怜的无家可归的陌生人。
The poor widow earns money by taking in washing.
那位可怜的寡妇在家里替人洗衣服度日。
The tour takes in some famous old castles.
这趟观光旅行包括参观若干著名的古堡。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.
那些推销员欺骗老人，让他们购买劣质货物。
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.
我花了很长时间理解你说的话。
Can you take in this dress for me?It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把这件衣服改小一下吗？腰部太肥。反义词：let out（放大）
相关归纳
（1）take along带……一起去
It’s going to rain;you’d better take along a raincoat with you.
天要下雨，你最好随身带着雨衣。
（2）take away拿走
Not to be taken away!不可拿走！
The child was taken away from school.
那孩子不被允许上学了。
（3）take back取回；归还
I take back what I said.我收回我所说的话。
Shopkeepers will not usually take back goods after they have been paid off.
商店主人一般不收回已付过款的货物。
（4）take off除去；脱掉；动身；起飞
When I got to the airport,the plane had taken off.
我到达机场时飞机已经起飞了。
You should take your toys off the table.
你应该把桌子上的玩具拿走。
I’d like to take off for home tomorrow.
我想明天启程回家。
Take your coat off.脱掉你的外套吧。
（5）take on雇佣，承担，呈现
The manager will take on a new secretary.
经理打算雇用一个新秘书。
Don’t take on more work than you can do.
不要接受超过你所能负荷的工作量。
I’m glad to find that our school has taken on a new look.
我很高兴地发现我们学校呈现出新面貌。
（6）take up拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续
She took up her bag and left.
她拿起包就离开了。
Visiting grandfather will take up the whole of Sunday.
看望祖父将占用整个星期天的时间。
John took up art while at school.
约翰在学校期间开始学习艺术。
I’ll take up the story where I finished yesterday.
我将在昨天结束的地方继续这个故事。
Carry the table out.It takes up too much room.
把这个桌子搬出去，它太占空间。
2.dress up
例句集锦
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
你不必为这次晚宴而打扮。
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。
相关归纳
（1）be dressed in穿着
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那女士在晚会上穿着一件白色衣服。
The girl was poorly（well）dressed.
那女孩穿着寒酸（华丽）的衣服。
（2）dress down 责骂某人；穿着随便
He dressed down while working in the field.
在地里干活时他穿着很随便。
特别提示
特别注意表示“穿”的词语比较，可从表示动作表示状态和所跟宾语三个方面去区别。表示动作的有put on,try on;表示状态的有wear,be dressed in,be in,have...on;dress的宾语为“人”，其他动词的宾语均为衣物。
3.send away
例句集锦
He sent his son away/off to school in Germany.
他将儿子送到德国上学。
He was sent away because he was not strict in his work.
因对工作要求不严格他被开除了。
I couldn’t get this kind of lamp in town,so I sent away for it.
在城里我买不到这种电灯，所以我寄款邮购。
相关归纳
（1）send out 分发；发出；派出；长出
The sun sends out light and warmth.
太阳发出光和热。
send out invitations/orders 发出邀请或命令
The trees send out new leaves in spring.
春天树木发出新芽。
（2）send off 为某人送行=see sb.off
Many of his friends went to the airport to send him off.
很多朋友都到机场为他送行。
（3）send up发射；使上升
They will send up another man-made satellite next month.
下个月他们将发射另一颗人造卫星。
The good news sent prices up on the market.
这个好消息使物价上涨了。
（4）send for派人去叫某人；派人去拿某物
We must send for a man to repair the TV.
我们必须叫人来修理电视机。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
请替我保存这些东西，等我派人来取。
特别提示
send away在表示“开除；解雇”时，其同义词为dismiss；反义词为take on或employ “雇佣”。
●必背句型
1.only引导的倒装句型
教材原句
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样，我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。
特别提示
只有only引导状语成分位于句首时，主句才使用主谓倒装的句式，即一般疑问句的语序。
补充例句
（1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
（2）Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.
只有当你提醒我，我才知道我本应该做那事的。
2.instead（of）构成的句型
教材原句
Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不必吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只须尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动即可。
特别提示
instead of后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词，同义词为in place of。另外，instead还可以用作副词，表示“代替，而是”的意思。
补充例句
（1）Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
你们能星期四而不是星期六开会吗？
He will attend the meeting instead of me.
他将代替我参加会议。
（2）Instead of just complaining all the time,why don’t you do something about it!
别老是发牢骚，你干吗不干点事情！
（3）I was ill so he went to attend the meeting instead.
我病了，因此他代替我参加了会议。
（4）She never studies. Instead,she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习。相反，她整天打网球。
3.each time引导状语从句
教材原句
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.
每次庆祝节日它都会有一点变化。这样我们的文化发展才有生机。
特别提示
each time在此相当于连接副词的作用，引导时间状语从句。表示动作的习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。也可以用every time表示。另外，the first time,next time,the time,the moment也可以用来引导状语从句。
补充例句
（1）Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them.
每次我们作业中出现错误时，他总是要求我们改正。
Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
每次你在社交场合遇到人时，集中精力于他四分钟。
Every time I saw him,I was overcome by his brilliance.
每次见到他，都为他的聪颖倾倒。
（2）Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你进城一定要来看我们。
She rushed into the room immediately/the moment she heard the noise.
她一听到这声音，就冲进了房间。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
疑难突破
1.keep up,keep sb.up,keep up with,catch up with
keep up“振作，使不低落”，后跟名词。
keep sb.up“使……迟睡”比较：stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”。
keep up with“赶上，不落后”，侧重于“不被拉下”。
catch up with“追赶上”，侧重表示“从落后的状态追赶上”。
应用
（1）______ your courage/spirits.
（2）Go on in front,I’ll soon ______ you.
（3）Generally speaking,people in the country can ______ old customs.
（4）It’s wrong to ______ the children ______ so late.
（5）Teachers ought to especially care for those who can’t ______ the class.
答案：（1）Keep up （2）catch up with（catch you up） （3）keep up （4）keep...up （5）keep up with
2.check,examine,test,look up
check v. & n.着重于核对，查明是否正确。
examine v. 这一检查着重于通过检查这一手段去发现新的东西或情况。有时可和check换用。
test v.& n.试验，检验；考验
look up v.查阅（词典等工具书）以获取有关的信息。
应用
（1）I ______ my schoolbag to see if I’ve left the pen.
（2）You must do an experiment to ______ what he said.
（3）A policeman ______ his bag to see if there were any drugs.
（4）When I ______ my shopping list,I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.
（5）You’d better ______ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know how to use it.
（6）I can’t see things clearly,I’d like to go to the doctor’s to have my eyes______.
答案：（1）checked （2）test （3）examined/checked （4）checked （5）look up （6）examined
典例剖析
【例1】 （春季北京，25）______ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by ______ year 2090.
A.A;the B.The;/ C.The;/ D.The;a
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。第一处用不定冠词，表示“某一份报告”的意思。第二处因为特指2090年，所以使用定冠词。
答案：A
【例2】 （重庆，34）I failed in the final examination last term and only then______ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize
剖析：本题考查倒装句型。当only引导的状语位于句首时，需要使用主谓倒装语序。参见必背句型1。时间状语only then表明此处使用一般过去时态。
答案：D
【例3】 （20全国，29）-Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No,it ______ be him,I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must not C.won’t D.may not
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，“我对此非常有把握”，所以“绝对不可能是他”。情态动词must不能用于否定的推测，此时应该使用can’t。
答案：A
篇4：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 15-Unit 16
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *dormitory explain recognize surely diamond jewellery franc continue lovely debt precious *positive attend earn besides ball lecture silly author *outline quality experiment glove gas liquid advantage disadvantage *application engine *nuclear comfort unnecessary successful conduct lightning thunderstorm string charge electric shock prove tear frame handkerchief control sharp foot fasten sense *shampoo skin drug *activist doubt cruel view conclusion
词组 call on bring back day and night pay off at most act out a number of
a great number of pick out test on bring out try on come up with take care dream of doing build up * concentrate on belong to set free end up
语法 情态动词 构词法--合成
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.explain
例句集锦
v.
（1）I was asked to explain to him the meaning of the sentence.
我被要求向他解释那个句子的意思。
He explained the outline of his plan to us.
他向我们解释他的计划大纲。
（2）That explains her sudden anger.=That explains why she got angry all of a sudden.
那就能够说明她为什么突然生气了。
How do you explain your rude behavior?
你如何为自己的粗鲁行为辩解？
（3）Can you explain to me how to bake a cake?
你能不能向我说一下蛋糕的做法呢？
（4）He explained why he was late.
他解释为什么迟到。
She explained that she couldn’t come because she was ill.
她解释说因为生病所以她不能来了。
（5）What you’ve said is not clear.Please explain.
你说得不清楚，请再解释一下。
用法归纳
*explain用作动词（vi.& vt.），主要有以下义项：解释；说明（原因）。作及物动词时，后面可跟名词、复合宾语、动词不定式和宾语从句作宾语。
特别提示
表示“向某人解释某事”时，sb.前必须使用介词to，即explain to sb.sth./explain sth.to sb.。explain的名词为explanation。
2.recognize
例句集锦
v.
（1）Though she changed much,I recognized her at first sight.
虽然她变化很大，我还是一眼就认出了她。
I recognized Mary in the photograph.
我认出了照片中的玛丽。
（2）They recognized him to be a great leader.
他们承认他是一位伟大的领袖。
They refused to recognize our government.
他们拒绝承认我们的政府。
（3）He didn’t recognize（=admit）that he had made a big mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
I recognize that he is cleverer than I am.
我承认他比我聪明。
（4）Do you recognize（=make out）his handwriting?
你能认出他的笔迹吗？
用法归纳
*recognize用作动词，有以下义项：认出；承认；分辨出。
特别提示
recognize,realize和know的区别：recognize=know again;make out“认出；分辨出”；realize=come to know“意识到”；know“认识”。
3.charge
例句集锦
v.
（1）How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.
搬运这架钢琴最少要花费600美圆。
（2）They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.
一杯咖啡他们向我要5美圆。
（3）Please charge the money to my account.
请将这些钱记在我的账上。
（4）He charged me with being irresponsible.
他谴责我不负责任。
（5）Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.
母亲训诫我要诚实，不可偷窃。
（6）How often shall I charge the battery?
我多长时间充一次电？
n.
（1）What is the charge for using the hall?
那大厅的使用费是多少？
You can get service free of charge.
你可得到免费服务。
There is a 10 percent service charge.
收10％的服务费。
（2）Will that be cash or charge?
付现金还是记账？
（3）I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.
下周董事离开，我将负责整个工厂。
The patient is in the charge of that doctor.
这位病人由那位医生负责。
The park is under the charge of the city.
这座公园由市政府管理。
We give her the charge of the house while we are away.
我们外出时，托付她管理家务。
用法归纳
*charge可以用作动词（vt.）和名词。主要义项有：要价；向某人收费；记账；谴责；命令；充电；管理；照顾；收费。
特别提示
注意in charge of “管理”和in the charge of...“……在某人的管理下”的区别。常用短语还有：free of charge “免费的”；take charge of “担任；管理”。
4.sense
例句集锦
n.
（1）What he said makes sense.
他说的话很有道理。
（2）Can you make sense of what I said?
你能理解我说的话吗？
（3）What you say is true in a sense.
就某种意义而言，你说的是实话。
（4）The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste and touch.
五种感官是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
Generally speaking,everyone has a sense of shame.
一般来说，每个人都有羞耻心。
He has no sense of business.
他没有经商意识。
（5）She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她听到这个消息就昏了过去。
v.
He sensed that his proposal was unwelcome.
他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。
The dog sensed danger and barked.
那条狗意识到危险后叫了起来。
He sensed that something had happened to his family.
他感觉到他家出事了。
用法归纳
*sense可以用作动词（vt.）和名词,主要义项有：感官，感觉；意义，意味等。
5.comfort
例句集锦
n.
（1）The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.
牧师对将要死去的人说了几句安慰的话。
He lives in great comfort.
他生活极为舒适。
His kindness gave her much/great comfort.
他对她和蔼可亲使她颇感安慰。
After retirement,he took comfort from/in reading.
退休后他从读书中得到慰藉。
（2）My husband was a great comfort to me when I was ill.
在我生病时，我的丈夫是我极大的安慰。
It is a comfort to know that she is safe.
得知她平安无事，是一个安慰。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是舒服。
v.
I tried to comfort Jean after her mother’s death.
珍妮的妈妈去世后，我尽力安慰她。
The letter from home comforted him.
收到家书使他深感慰藉。
用法归纳
特别提示
comfort 表示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。comfortable adj. 舒服的。例如：
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
这椅子坐上去很舒服。
●重点短语
1.call on
例句集锦
Please call on me next time you are in New York.
下次来纽约时请顺便来我家。
I’ll now call on Tom to answer.
=I’ll now call on Tom for an answer.
我现在就请汤姆回答。
相关归纳
（1）call at 参观、拜访某地
I called at Mr Brown’s office yesterday.
昨天我去了布朗先生的办公室。
（2）call for要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
This work calls for immediate action.
这项工作需要立刻行动。
I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
我六点去接你，然后我们一块去电影院。
（3）call up打电话；使想起；使回忆起
I’ll call you up this afternoon.
今天下午我给你打电话。
The music calls up old times.
这音乐使人回忆起旧日时光。
（4）call in召集；请；要求退回；收回
Call the doctor in!快请医生来！
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
生产商已经收回了一些有严重缺陷的汽车。
（5）call off决定取消；下令停止
The football match was called off because of the heavy rain.
因大雨足球比赛被取消。
（6）call back叫回；再度访问；回电话
I was about to leave when he called me back.
我刚要离开，他把我叫了回来。
2.pick out
例句集锦
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.
她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在这人群中找出你的兄弟吗？
The houses in the painting were picked out in white.
这幅画中的房子以白色凸现出来。
I managed to pick out the passage.
我终于理解了这篇文章的意思。
相关归纳
（1）pick at 申诉；指责；吃一点点
His mother picked at him for being lazy.
他母亲指责他懒惰。
The sick woman just picked at the food he brought.
那生病的女人只吃了一点点他带来的食物。
（2）pick on 选择某人
The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question.
老师总是挑我回答困难的问题。
The examiner can pick on any student to answer questions.
测试者可能选择任何一位学生回答问题。
（3）pick up 拾起；让乘客上车；驾车接某人；恢复；偶然得到；接收广播
After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health.
在医院住了很久以后，医生建议这位病人到海边去恢复健康。
I picked up the book on the ground.
我从地上拾起那本书。
It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA English.
我的收音机能很容易地收听到《美国之音》的英语节目。
The lost child was picked up by the police.
那迷路的孩子由警察把他收留了。
I’ll pick you up at your home.
我开车到你家去接你。
He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在因公去巴黎期间学会了一些法语。
（4）pick over 慎重地调查；仔细地检查
He picked over a basket of apples.
他仔细地挑选了一篮子苹果。
特别提示
pick out的同义词为choose，注意比较select的意思为“仔细挑选”。另外要特别注意pick up的多义。
3.pay off
例句集锦
I’ve now paid off all my debts.
我现在已经全部付清债务了。
Did your plan pay off ?
你的计划成功了吗？
相关归纳
（1）pay back偿还
He paid back his debts.他偿还了借款。
Can you lend me some money?I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能不能借给我一些钱？我明天就还你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他还给我欠我的那100美圆。
（2）pay for付款；受到报应
Did you pay him 100 dollars for that old bicycle?
你付给他100美圆买他那辆旧自行车了吗？
How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV?
你付给电工多少钱修理电视机？
Did you pay for the book?
那本书你付过钱了吗？
You’ll have to pay for your crime.
你将为你的罪行受到惩罚。
4.bring out
例句集锦
We brought out the chairs and did some sun-bathing.
我们把椅子搬出来，做日光浴。
She has brought out two new books at the same time.
她同时出版了两本新书。
This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face.
这张相片非常清晰，把她脸上的皱纹都照出来了。
The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.
这家公司在生产一种新香皂。
Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.
困难可以显现一个人的最佳品质。
相关归纳
（1）bring up抚养；提出；呕吐
She has brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
He was ill and brought up his dinner.
他病了，把午饭都吐出来了。
（2）bring down使价格降低
I don’t know what brought down the price of clothing.
我不知道衣服为什么降价。
He aimed,fired and brought down the fox.
他瞄准、开枪把那只狐狸打倒了。
（3）bring about引起；导致＝cause to happen
What brought about the forest fire?
什么引起的这场森林大火？
I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking.
我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法。
（4）bring in引进；赚取
The business brings in $100 000 every year.
这个买卖每年可赚10万美圆。
The open policy brings in a lot of new fashion.
开放政策带来了许多新时尚。
His new job brings in an extra hundred dollars a month.
他的新工作给他带来每月100美圆的额外收入。
His talk brought in some new ideas.
他的谈话带来了一些新的观点。
（5）bring forward提出；提议
Now I’d like to bring forward the question of funds.
我现在要提出资金的问题。
A plan was brought forward to allow workers to share in profits.
提出了一项允许工人分享利润的计划。
（6）bring back带回；使忆起
Bring me the book back from Paul’s.
从保罗那儿把那本书给我带回来。
The landscape brought back my hometown which I had left five years before.
那风景使我回忆起离别五年的家乡。
特别提示
bring out在表示“出版”的意思时，相当于publish，为及物动词短语。而短语come out表示“出版”的意思时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例如：When does John’s new book come out?
●必背句型
1.That’s ...引导的表语从句结构
教材原句
That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那就是为什么我们看到的颜色像彩虹一样扩散开。
That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.
那就是为什么爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲到了美国。
That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在伦敦期间如何谋生的。
That’s because of hard work.（介词短语作表语）
那是因为艰苦的工作。
特别提示
在该句型结构中，that’s...后面可以用why“那是为什么……”，how “那是如何……”，because “那是因为……”，where “那是……地方”，when “那是……时候”，what “那是……的”。
补充例句
That’s because I was too busy then.
那是因为我当时很忙。
Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
坚忍不拔是一种素质，这种素质是做好任何事情所需要的。
-Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
你仍在想着昨天的比赛吗？
-Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
正是昨天的比赛使我感到兴奋。
2.表示“价值；花费”的句型
教材原句
It was worth five hundred francs at most.
它至多值500法郎。
It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
它花了我们36 000法郎。
A new dress costs over four hundred francs.
一件新的礼服要400多法郎。
特别提示
（1）be worth+money,sth.+cost+money的意思相同，表示“某样东西值多少钱”，而sth.cost sb.+money表示“某种东西花了某人多少钱”的意思。表示“花费”的句型还有：sb.+spend+money/time+on sth./（in）doing sth.;sb.+pay money+for sth.;It takes sb.some time to do sth.;pay money for sth.;buy sth.for money
（2）be worth doing 表示“……值得……”，需要用主动形式表示被动意义。
补充例句
This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读。
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的提议值得考虑。
How much did it cost to build the bridge?
建这座桥花费了多少钱？
It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car.
修理这部汽车你要花费500美圆。
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort.
这么困难的工作需要耗费极多的时间和精力。
I spent my summer vacation（in）reading and fishing.
我的暑假是在看书和钓鱼中度过的。
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我们从这里步行去车站要30分钟。
3.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构
教材原句
Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
把手帕四角与龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为很好的结实的风筝了。
特别提示
用and,then表示递进关系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示转折关系，“否则”的意思。该句型可以用if或unless引导的条件状语从句替换，即“条件句+陈述句”，这时后面的连词就不需要了。
补充例句
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time.
=If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定会成功。
Get ready or/otherwise you won’t pass the test.
=If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
=Unless you get ready,you won’t pass the test.
作好准备，要不你小测验不会及格的。
4.to do作表语的句型结构
教材原句
What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?
特别提示
be to do结构可以用来表示安排、命令、职责、用途、命中注定要发生的动作等。
补充例句
We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约定在校门口碰头。
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你得在10点钟前回来。
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou.
我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。
They were never to meet again.
他们注定永远不会再见面了。
疑难突破
1.go on doing,go on to do,go on with,continue
go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事。
go on to do sth.指接着做另外一件事。
go on with sth.指继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词、代词，不能跟v.-ing 形式。
continue 继续同一件事，也可以是另一件事。该词有以下用法：①continue+ n.；②continue doing/to do；③continue（to be）+adj.
应用
（1）The rain ______ for three days.
（2）They ______ their game after lunch.
（3）He ______ writing/to write late into the night.
（4）The weather ______（=remains）cold.
（5）After a short rest,they ______ working.
（6）After finishing the words,they ______ to go over the text.
（7）Einstein ______ his research.
答案：（1）continued （2）continued/went on with （3）continued （4）continues （5）went on （6）went on （7）went on with
2.take care,take care of
take care of “爱护；照顾”，后跟名词或代词,不可单独使用。
take care “小心；注意”,后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟that从句。
特别提示
watch out和look out也有“当心；注意”的意思，但用法不同。这两个短语可以单独使用，表示警告，另外也可以构成watch out for.../look out for...表达“注意，留意”的意思。
应用
（1）______ that you don’t spoil your clothes.
（2）______ not to drop it!
（3）She stayed at home to ______ the baby.
（4）______ for a tall man in a black hat.
（5）______!The train is coming!
答案：（1）Take care （2）Take care （3）take care of （4）Watch out/Look out （5）Look out/Watch out
典例剖析
【例1】 （20春季北京，33）Lose one hour in the morning ______ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
剖析：本题考查句型结构中的连词用法。句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示“这么做，那么就会怎么样”的意思。
答案：B
【例2】 （年全国卷I ，35）I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.______,the walk will do me good.
A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides
剖析：本题考查副词的用法。从句子的意思可以看出，这里使用besides，表示“另外”的意思，即“我不介意……，另外步行还对我有好处”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年湖北，26）-Excuse me.Is it the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry,I’m not sure.But it ______ be.
A.might B.will C.must D.can
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从句子语境分析，I’m not sure表明把握性不大，所以在这种情况下进行推测时使用might，表示“或许”的意思。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年春季上海，48）I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance
剖析：本题考查名词辨析。从句子的语境去分析，短语make sense “有意义；理解；明白”的意思，符合要求。参见“重点精讲4”。
答案：C
篇5：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 9-Unit 10
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 disagree depend press throughout add latest *feature remind appointment obey dare case *emergency whatever particular *interview department electricity wonder defeat force succeed *skip fur lead *jungle *enviroment tour act measure *adapt *original devote common valuable reduce *respond *amount package flat material topic organize brief
词组 stay in touch with call for in case of according to take over break down in danger die out lead to as a result of take measures adapt to make a difference devote...to at present set free in the wild throw away
语法 被动语态 复习直接引语和间接引语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.depend
例句集锦
（1）He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道他可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
（2）You shouldn’t listen to rumour.You can depend on me.
不要听信谣言，你要相信我。
Can we depend on you/your coming in on Sunday?
我们能指望你星期天来参加吗？
You can depend on her to be late.
她保准迟到。
（3）Does the quality of teaching depend on class size?
教学质量取决于班级的人数吗？
It would depend on the circumstances.
这要视情况而定。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过还应看到场的人数。
（4）The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.
这个地区靠航运业维持生活。
I don’t want to depend too much on my parents.
我不想过度依赖父母。
用法归纳
*depend总是与on或upon连用。主要义项有：（1）依靠，信赖；（2） 确信，相信，指望；（3）受……的影响，由……决定，取决于；（4）需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）。
相关归纳
（1）That depends/It（all）depends.
那得看情况定。
-Is he coming?他来吗？
-That depends.He may not have the time.
那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
I don’t know if we can help -it all depends.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况而定。
I might not go.It depends how tired I am.
我不一定去，这要看我有多累。
-Your job sounds fun.
你的工作听起来很有乐趣。
-It depends what you mean by“fun”.
这要看你说的“乐趣”是什么意思。
（2）depend on/upon it 请相信，没问题（用于句首或句尾）
Depend on it（=you can be sure）,we won’t give up.
请相信，我们决不会放弃。
This will ruin your health,depend upon it.
这肯定会把你的身体搞坏。
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
请放心，所有的货物都会准时交付。
2.remind
例句集锦
I’m sorry,I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?
对不起，我忘了你的名字。请提醒我一下好吗？
-Don’t forget the camera.
别忘了带相机。
-Remind me about it nearer the time.
到时候再提醒我一下。
Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给埃伦打电话。
Can someone remind what I should do next?
谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。
That smell reminds me of France.
这股气味使我想起了法国。
用法归纳
*remind v.主要义项为：提醒；使想起。作“使想起”解时，常用remind sb. of sb./sth.，意为“使想起（类似的人、地方、事物等）”。
3.wonder
例句集锦
v.
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。
I was just beginning to wonder where you were.
我刚才正琢磨你上哪儿去了。
I wonder if you can help me.
不知你是否能帮我的忙？
She wondered at her own stupidity.
她没想到自己竟会这么愚蠢。
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人赞美身边大自然的美。
I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。
I don’t wonder you’re tired.You’ve had a busy day.
你累了，我一点都不奇怪，你已经忙了一整天了。
n.
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her.
她俯视展现在眼前的城市，惊叹不已。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇迹之一。
You’re a wonder!I would never have thought of doing that.
你真神了!我从来想不到该那样做。
Have you seen the boy wonder play yet?
你看过那场神童表演没有？
用法归纳
*wonder可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；感到诧异；非常惊讶。作名词时，主要义项有：惊讶；惊奇；惊叹；奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处；能人；奇才。
相关归纳
（1）no wonder 或It’s no/little/small wonder（that）...不足为奇；并不奇怪
It is little wonder（that）she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re tired,you’ve been walking for hours.
难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。
（2）It’s a wonder（that）...令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是
It’s a wonder（that）more people weren’t hurt.
奇怪的是没有更多的人受到伤害。
（3）do wonders（for sb./sth.）（为某人/替某事）创造奇迹；产生神奇作用
The news had done wonders for our moral.
这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。
（4）work wonders 创造奇迹；取得优异的成绩；产生良好的效果
Her new diet and exercise programme had worked wonders for her.
她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。
4.succeed v.
success n.
例句集锦
You have to work hard if you are to succeed.
要想有所作为，你必须苦干。
Probably he will succeed Tom as our manager.
他可能接替汤姆任经理。
Their early success was succeeded by a period of miserable failure.
他们起初获得成功，但随后有一段惨痛失败的时期。
He is a great success as a teacher.
=He is successful as a teacher.
他教书很成功。
What’s the secret of your success?
你成功的秘诀是什么？
I didn’t have much success in finding a job.
我找工作没什么结果。
用法归纳
*succeed的主要义项有：到达目的；办到；做成；成功；有作为；接替；继任。
*success的主要义项有：（1）（不可数名词）成功，胜利，发财，成名；（2）（可数名词）成功的人或事物。
相关归纳
（1）succeed in sth.在……方面成功
I did not succeed in my first lecture.
我第一次讲课不成功。
（2）succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.
成功做成某事
They succeeded in climbing to the top of the mountain.
他们成功登上了山顶。
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
他被艺术学校录取了。
I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
我本想跟她商量，结果却把她惹火了。
5.lead
例句集锦
v.
He led us out into the grounds.
他领我们进了庭院。
He led the horse back into the stable.
他把马牵回了马厩。
Which door leads to the yard?
哪扇门通向庭院？
The track led us through a wood.
我们沿着小路穿过树林。
The department led the world in cancer research.
这个系在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。
The champion is leading by 18 seconds.
冠军领先了18秒。
Who will lead the party in the next election?
下一届选举谁来领导这个党？
n.
She took the lead in the second lap.
她在第二圈时领先。
He has gone into the lead.
他已处于领先地位。
He managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
他比跟的最紧的对手勉强领先两秒钟。
The polls have given Labour of five-point lead.
投票选举中工党领先五个百分点。
用法归纳
*lead可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：带路；领路；引领；通向；通往；处于首位；处于领先地位；领导。 作名词时，主要义项有：领先地位；领先的距离；超前量。
相关归纳
（1）lead to 导致；造成（后果）
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食过多的糖会引起健康问题。
This crisis led to the downfall of the government.
这一危机使政府倒台了。
（2）lead sb. to sth. 使得出（观点）
What led you to this conclusion?
你是如何得出这个结论的？
●重点短语
1.stay in touch（with）=keep in touch（with）（与……）保持联系
例句集锦
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family.
答案似乎是：我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
Here is my card.Let’s keep in touch.
这是我的名片，咱们保持联系。
相关归纳
（1）get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系
（2）lose touch with sb.与某人失去联系
（3）be in touch with sb.与某人有联系
（4）be out of touch with sb.与某人没有联系
例如：
Are you still in touch with your classmates from college?
你和大学的同学还有联系吗？
We have been out of touch with them for about two years.
我们与他们失去联系大约两年了。
They have lost touch with the astronauts in the spaceship.They are trying to get in touch with them again.
他们已经与飞船上的宇航员失去了联系，他们正在设法与他们取得联系。
特别提示
由touch构成的词组中，touch前不用冠词。
2.call for
（1）+sth.需要，（公开）要求；（2）+sb.（去）接
例句集锦
The situation calls for prompt action.
目前的形势需要立即采取行动。
They called for the immediate release of hostages.
他们要求立即释放人质。
The opposition have called for him to resign.
反对派已要求他辞职。
I’ll call for you at seven o’clock.
七点钟我来接你。
相关归纳
（1）call at（火车等）停靠；（短时间）停留
This train calls at almost every station.
这列火车几乎每个站都停。
Does this liner call at Hong Kong?
这艘客轮在香港停吗？
（2）call in 收回；叫来；请来；来访；打电话来
Call in a doctor at once.
马上把医生请来。
Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
有严重缺陷的汽车已被制造商召回。
Call in this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚请来一趟。
Several people have called in sick today.
今天有几个人打电话请病假。
（3）call off 取消；停止进行
They have called off their engagement.
他们已经解除婚约。
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他给我打电话取消了这次约会。
（4）call on sb.拜访；看望（某人）
Call on them this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚你去看看他们。
I have formed the habit of calling on him in the evening.
我每天晚上都到他那儿去，这已养成了习惯。
（5）call on/upon sb.to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事；号召某人做某事
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
现在请主席向大会致辞。
（6）call sb.up打电话给；征召入伍
I’ll call you up about seven o’clcok.
我7点左右给你打电话。
When the war broke out,they were at once called up.
战争一爆发，他们就立即被征召入伍了。
3.in case of假使；如果发生……
例句集锦
In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.
如遇火险，即按警铃。
Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
手里有手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时求救。
相关归纳
（1）in this/that case 如果这样（那样）的话；既然那样
-I’ve made up my mind.
我已经拿定主意。
-In that case,there’s no point discussing it.
既然如此，讨论这件事就毫无意义。
He might not come this evening.In that case,we won’t hold the party.
他今晚可能来不了，如果那样的话，我们就不开晚会了。
（2）in case（that）假使；免得；以防万一
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
In case it rains,I won’t come back tonight.
假使下雨，今晚我就不回来了。
In case you’re wondering why Joe’s here -let me explain.
我来解释一下吧，免得你奇怪为什么乔在这儿。
You probably won’t need to call -but take my number,just in case.
你可能不需要打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码，以防万一。
特别提示
in case（that）引导条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
（3）in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
In any case you mustn’t tell a lie.
无论什么情况，你都不该撒谎。
There’s no point complaining now-we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，反正明天我们就要离开了。
（4）in no case（=never）绝不
特别提示
in no case放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
We will in no case use nuclear weapons first.
=In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.
我们绝不首先使用核武器。
4.according to 据（……所说）；按（……所报道）；依照；按照
例句集锦
According to Mick,it’s a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
You’ve been absent six times,according to our records.
根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。
Everything went according to the plan.
一切均按照计划进行。
5.in danger在危险中
例句集锦
Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
The building is in danger of collapsing.
这栋建筑有垮塌的危险。
How many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?
有多少产业工人可能失业？
He had a car accident and his life was in danger.
他遭遇车祸，有生命危险。
相关归纳
（1）be out of danger 脱险
Doctors said she is now out of danger.
医生说她已脱离危险。
（2）be dangerous 危险的
The traffic here is very dangerous for children.
这里的交通对孩子来说很危险。
The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.
这些逃犯残暴而危险。
6.as a result of由于……的结果
例句集锦
She died as a result of injuries.
她由于受伤而死亡。
As a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那场大火，数千人失去了家园。
相关归纳
as a result 结果
He was caught in the rain.As a result,he had a bad cold.
他挨了雨淋，结果患了重感冒。
He made one big mistake,and as a result,lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
7.devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心
例句集锦
She devoted herself to her career.
她全力倾注于自己的事业。
Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.
史蒂文森教授献身于保护麋鹿的工作。
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业以后他继续致力于研究工作。
相关归纳
（1）devote...to...把（时间、精力等）用于
I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.
我一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时。
She devoted her life to helping homeless children.
她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子们。
（2）be devoted to 喜爱；疼爱；忠于；致力于
They are devoted to their children.
他们深爱着自己的孩子。
Her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood.
她非常疼爱的儿子在抗洪中牺牲了。
Some of them were devoted to the study of natural science.
他们有些人专门研究自然科学。
8.cut down 砍倒；病死；减少
例句集锦
When the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
农民把树砍倒后，老虎无法藏身和猎食。
You should try your best to cut down the accident rate.
你们应该尽力减少事故。
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
相关归纳
（1）cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毁
He cut up the meat on his plate.
他在盘子里把肉切成小块。
They have cut down a tall tree and now they are cutting it up.
他们已经把一棵大树砍倒，现在正在把它截断。
He was badly cut up in the fight.
他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤。
（2）cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除
They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
他们把这棵树上的枯枝全部砍掉了。
（3）cut off 砍下来；切断；阻碍；阻挡；堵塞
He had his two fingers cut off in an accident at work.
他在一次工伤事故中被切断了两根手指。
The new factory cut off our view of the hills.
新建的工厂挡住了我们观山景的视线。
The army was cut off from its base.
那支部队与基地失去了联系。
（4）cut out 剪下；删除
You’d better cut out the last paragraph of your composition.
你最好把作文的最后一段删除。
（5）cut through 抄近路；开辟（出路或通道）
They used a machete to cut through the bush.
他们用砍刀在灌木丛中开辟出一条路。
I came by cutting through the lane.我抄近路来的。
●必背句型
1.be worth+doing 值得做……
教材原句
That’s worth thinking about.
那值得考虑。
特别提示
（1）该结构中应使用动名词的主动式，不可使用被动式。
（2）“很值得……”用be well worth，不可用very或quite。
（3）be worth+表示钱数的名词或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词，意为“值（多少钱）；值得”。
补充例句
Our house is worth about $100 000.
我们的房子大约值十万美圆。
How much is this painting worth?
这幅画值多少钱？
If you answer this question correctly,it’s worth five points.
答对了这道题可以得五分。
The museum is certainly worth a visit.
这家博物馆的确值得参观。
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
相关归纳
（1）be worthy of+n.
（2）be worthy of being done
（3）be worthy to be done
A number of the report’s findings are worthy of note.
这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
The article is worthy of careful study.
=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.
=The article is worth studying carefully.
这篇文章值得细读。
2.no matter引导的状语从句
教材原句
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.
=The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family wherever we are or whatever we are doing.
答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
特别提示
（1）no matter与who,what,where,when或how连用，可以用来引导状语从句，该状语从句等于该“疑问词+ever”引导的状语从句。
（2）no matter who（what...）引导的状语从句中，多用现在时表示将来的动作。
补充例句
They don’t last long no matter how careful you are.
=They don’t last long however careful you are.
不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了多久。
Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.
=Call me when you get there,whatever the time is.
无论什么时候，你到了那里就给我打电话。
No matter who telephones,say I’m out.
=Whoever telephones,say I’m out.
不管谁来电话，都说我出去了。
No matter where you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
=Wherever you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
不管你走到哪里，都会看到可口可乐。
No matter what you say,I won’t believe you.
=Whatever you say,I won’t believe you.
不管你说什么，我决不相信你说的话。
3.whatever等引导的名词性从句
教材原句
She says that her cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.
她说手机使她想做什么就做什么，而同时又与父母和朋友随时保持联系。
特别提示
whatever,whoever等可以引导名词性从句，而no matter what，no matter who等不可。
补充例句
He may eat whatever you give him.
你给他什么他吃什么。
Take whatever action is needed.
采取必要的任何行动。
Whoever says that is a liar.
说那话的人是个骗子。
Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.
把这寄给负责销售的人。
Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑选你喜欢的牌子。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
疑难突破
1.as many as,as much as
as many as意为“多达……；……之多”,常用在人或物的具体数量前，结构为：as many as+数词+复数名词。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为：as much as+数词+复数名词。
应用
（1）______ 250 000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
（2）The rain is plentiful here,often ______ seventy inches every year.
（3）At the job,she could earn ______ eighty dollars a week.
（4）The civil war in that country lasted ______ 16 years.
答案：（1）As many as （2）as much as （3）as much as （4）as much as
2.much too,too much,too many
too much可独立作状语、主语、宾语或表语；又可作定语，修饰不可数名词。
too many可作定语，修饰可数名词。
much too只能用于修饰形容词或副词，不可修饰动词。
应用
（1）The car is ______expensive for an ordinary family in China.
（2）You drank ______ last night.
（3）You eat ______ sugar every day.It’s bad for your health.
（4）It’s ______hot today.
（5）What you said is ______ for the girl.
（6）They have______difficulties to settle.
（7）A species may also die out if humans or animals use ______ of a plant or kill ______ animals.
答案：（1）much too （2）too much （3）too much （4）much too （5）too much （6） too many （7） too much,too many
3.agree on,agree with,agree to
agree on表示在某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见。
agree with表示同意、赞成某人说的话，后接sb.或wh-从句，或表达意见、想法、观点、决定的词（opinion,view,idea,decision）。还可表示“与……一致;适合”,此时，主语一般不是表人的词。
agree to后接计划、安排、建议、条件等词（plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms）。
agree to do表示“同意做某事”。
应用
（1）I ______what he said.
（2）After a further discussion,both sides ______ the date for the next meeting.
（3）They didn’t ______each other on that point.
（4）A verb should ______its subject in number and person.
（5）At last the teacher ______ give him another chance.
（6）Do you ______the arrangement?
（7）They all ______the matter.
答案：（1）agree with （2）agreed on （3）agree with （4）agree with （5）agreed to （6）agree to （7）agreed on
典例剖析
【例1】 （江苏，35）-How long are you staying?
-I don’t know.______.
A.That’s OK B.Never mind C.It depends D.It doesn’t mind
剖析：本题考查交际用语。根据题意，最佳答案为 C项。It depends.意为：“那得看情况定。”全句意思为：“你打算待多久？”“不知道，那得看情况而定。”参见“重点单词1”。
答案：C
【例2】 （20广东，24）It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
剖析：It’s no wonder that表示“难怪……”。题干中wonder前有any，所以不能再用no，故排除A项；such和nearly又不能与any连用，故排除B、C两项；hardly可以与any连用，因此最佳答案为D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年浙江，28）-Brand was Jane’s brother!
-______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course
剖析：no wonder+句子=It is/was no wonder+句子，意为“难怪……”。
答案：C
【例4】 （2004年湖北，27）You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.
A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
剖析：本题考查连词的用法。B项no matter 后缺连词，故排除；从句意看，主从句存在让步关系，因此最佳答案为A。however much work=no matter how much work，全句意思为：无论你有多少工作要做，晚上你都要设法睡个好觉。
答案：A
【例5】 （2004年北京，27）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by .
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been compeleted D.will have complete
剖析：从题干的逻辑关系看，本题应该使用被动语态，故排除B、D两项；由时间状语by 2006可知，应该使用将来完成时的被动语态，表示从将来某一时间看已经完成的动作。
答案：C
补充：
【例1】 （2004年浙江，26）More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.
A.treated B.have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
剖析：patients与treat之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故排除A项和B项；由时间状语this year可判断，应使用现在完成时态，故选D。
答案：D
【例2】 （ 年春季北京）John may phone tonight,I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A.in case B.in that case C.so that D.in time
剖析： in that case 和in time后面不能接从句;so that后面的从句应加情态动词。故选A。
答案：A
篇6：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 19-Unit 20
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 protection *technique *irrigation pump seed technical *import production method root *insect tobacco golden tie discovery garden gardening gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower humour humourous bitter chalk couple minister *circus intend stage nationality certain *amuse laughter accent actually typical tradition rapid *appreciate exist phrase suffer operate direction brake cyclist fortunately bicycle silence rude *confuse *confused
词组 depend on and so on make fun of date back make use of drive off be on good terms with sb. look on ...as take notes of stand for go against year after year in the direction of in surprise to one’s joy
语法 It的用法（表示强调）
v.-ing形式作定语和宾补
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.condition
例句集锦
n.
（1）Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是人生成功的条件之一。
Her parents allowed her to go,but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她的父母准许她去，但是有一个条件，那就是她在午夜以前回家。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
You should on no condition visit that place.
你绝不能去那个地方。
（2）The condition of my health prevents me from working.
我的健康状况不允许我工作。
My car is old but in good condition.
我的车虽老，但状况良好。
He is not in a condition to make a long trip.
他的健康状况不佳，不适于长途旅行。
I can’t go climbing this summer;I’m out of condition.
今年夏天我不能去爬山，我的健康状况不佳。
v.
（1）He conditioned himself for the race.
他为赛跑而调整体能状态。
（2）I conditioned the dog to bark at strangers.
我训练这只狗对陌生人吠叫。
用法归纳
*condition可以用作动词和名词。主要义项有：条件；状况；状态；决定；调整状态。用作名词表示“条件”时可以构成以下短语：on condition that在……条件下；on this/that/no/what condition在这种（那种，没有的，什么）条件下。表示“状况”时可以构成的短语有：in good condition情况良好；in/out of condition健康状况良好（不佳）。
特别提示
注意比较相似词语：situation形势，局势；state状态（Matter has three states.）；surroundings环境
2.intend
例句集锦
v.
（1）What do you intend doing/to do today?
你今天打算做什么？
He intends to study abroad next year.
他打算明年到国外留学。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算让儿子经营公司。
He intends that the plan should be put into practice within a year.
=He intends the plan to be put into practice with in a year.
他们打算在本年内实行该计划。
The two sides had intended to make peace,but something unusual happened.
双方原打算讲和，但发生了一件不寻常的事。
（2）This book was intended for you,but he took it away.
这本书是要给你的，但让他拿走了。
This dictionary is intended for children.
这本词典是给小孩用的。
This was intended to be a picture of a cat.
这幅画原本是要画猫的。
用法归纳
*intend用作动词，主要有“意欲；打算” “原本是要……；原意要……（常用于被动语态）”等义项。主要用法有：intend to do； intend sb.to do； intend that...；be intended for/as;be intended to do。
特别提示
intend to do和mean to do有相同的用法。I’ve made a mistake,though I didn’t intend to/ mean to.我出错了，虽然我不愿意。
3.suffer
例句集锦
v.
（1）The injured man was still suffering.
那个受伤的男人还在受着折磨。
His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
他的健康因豪饮而严重受损。
His business suffered while he was ill.
在他患病期间他的生意不太好。
（2）The village is suffering from depopulation.
那个村庄正为人口减少而苦恼。
He is suffering from a bad cold.
他在患重感冒。
（3）The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
那个城市因地震而遭受严重破坏。
（4）I’ll suffer this insult no longer.
我不会再忍受这种侮辱了。
用法归纳
*suffer用作动词（vt.＆ vi.），主要义项有：受苦；患病；遭受；忍受等。表示“因……而遭罪，患……病”时，使用suffer from短语。
4.operate
例句集锦
v.
（1）Can you operate this computer?
你会操作这部电脑吗？
（2）This sewing machine doesn’t operate properly.
这台缝纫机无法正常工作。
（3）The sleeping pill operated at once.
那安眠药马上见效。
The new law doesn’t operate to our advantage.
新法律对我们没有益处。
（4）The company operates ten factories.
那家公司经营10个工厂。
The business operates in various countries.
那家企业在许多国家都设有机构。
（5）The surgeon decided to operate on her.
医生决定给她动手术。
用法归纳
*operate用作动词（vt.& vi.），主要义项有：运转；操作；起作用；经营；管理；动手术。名词operation手术，操作；operator 操作员，接线员。
特别提示
operate在表示“操作；管理；经营”时，为及物动词，同义词有：run,manage等；表示“手术”时为不及物动词，跟宾语时需使用介词on。
●重点短语
1.go against
例句集锦
But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.
如果违背自然规律，不按农时耕作，就会事倍功半。
Don’t go against your father.
不要反对你的父亲。
The war is going against them.
战争对他们不利。
It goes against my interests.
这与我的利益相反。
相关归纳
（1）go ahead 进步；前进；可以
He is going ahead fast.他进步很快。
-May I start now? 我可以动身吗？
-Yes,go ahead.是的，动身吧。
（2）go away离开；走开
Did you go away or stay at home in the vacation?
假期你是在家还是外出了？
I’ve had enough of your nonsense.Go away!
我已经听够你的胡言乱语了，走开！
（3）go by走过；时间流逝
A car went by（us）at full speed.
一辆车以全速驶过（我们身旁）。
Several years went by before we met again.
我们过了好多年才再见面。
（4）go down 下降；落下；平静下来
He went down and brought a newspaper.
他下去买了一份报纸。
The sun is going down.
太阳正在落山。
The cost of living has gone down.
生活费用下降了。
The wind has gone down a little.
风势减弱了。
（5）go in for从事；参加
He goes in for sports every day.
他每天都从事体育锻炼。
（6）go off离去；进展；变坏；熄掉
She got angry and went off.
她生气而离开。
The meeting went off very well.
会议进展很顺利。
The milk has gone off.
牛奶变质了。
The lights went off at eight and came on again at ten.
电灯8点熄了，10点又亮了起来。
（7）go over 调查；复习
I went over the figure twice,but reached the same total.
我把数字检查了两次，两次的总数都一样。
She went over the lines time and again.
她反复练习那台词。
（8）go through经过；经历；调查
The Bill didn’t go through.
议案未被通过。
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.
那可怜的少女自从父母去世后经历了许多痛苦。
She went through the room but couldn’t find the missing ring.
她搜遍了整个房间还是找不到丢失的戒指。
特别提示
注意go还可以用作连系动词，构成短语：go bad“变质”;go hungry“挨饿”;go mad“发疯”。
2.make fun of
例句集锦
They made fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
他们取笑她因为她穿着如此怪异的衣服。
Please don’t make fun of me when I am not feeling well.
我心情不好时请不要跟我开玩笑。
相关归纳
（1）make use of利用=make the best of
To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
为了充分利用土地，在有条件的地方，每年种植两季以上的庄稼。
Skilled artists make use of all the richness of the spoken language to create a rapid flow of fun.
技艺高超的艺术家利用丰富多彩的口语，创造出连绵不绝的乐趣。
You should make use of this chance.
你应该好好利用这次机会。
（2）make sure of弄准确
Will you make sure of his return?
=Will you make sure that he returned?
请你查明他是否真的回来了，好吗？
3.look on...as
例句集锦
I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!
我决定把整个事件看成一个大笑话。
I look on her as a promising pianist.
我认为她是一个很有前途的钢琴家。
Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?
你认为他是这方面的权威吗？
相关归纳
（1）look on旁观
Two men were fighting while people looked on.
两个人在打架，但大家都袖手旁观。
（2）look forward to希望；盼望（to为介词）
They were looking forward to the summer vacation.
他们正盼望着暑假来临。
I’m looking forward to seeing you.我盼望见到你。
（3）look into往里看；调查
When I returned,he was looking into the room.
我回来时他正在往房间里看。
The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.
委员会正在调查这次事故的原因。
（4）look over瞭望；越过……看；检查
A strange man was looking over the wall.
一个陌生人正在向围墙里面瞭望。
The secretary looked over the letters quickly.
那秘书很快地把那些信检查了一遍。
（5）look through浏览；审查
I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.
我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。
I have to look through my notebooks for the exam.
为了考试我必须把笔记复习一遍。
特别提示
同义词组：think of...as...；regard...as...；treat...as...
4.stand for
例句集锦
“G”stands for“genetically”from the word“genes”.
G代表“基因”，源自“genes”一词。
GNP stands for gross national product.
GNP代表国民生产总值。
相关归纳
（1）stand alone孤立；卓越
She stands alone among her classmates.
她同班同学中没有人能跟她相比。
（2）stand by 站在一边；旁观；支持
Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.
请记住，无论如何，我都会拥护你。
（3）stand out突出；引人注目；杰出
The hat stood out because of its strange shape.
那顶帽子因造型奇特而引人注目。
They were all attractive,but she stood out from the others.
她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。
特别提示
此处的“代表”为“表示……意思”。如要表示“代表某人做某事”要使用on behalf of。
●必背句型
1.并列和伴随
教材原句
（1）并列谓语
He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
他收集信息加以研究，进行试验，学习农民的经验。
I cycled in front of him, got off my bicycle and laid it down on the road in front of his car so that he couldn’t drive off.
我骑到他前面，下了车，把车放在汽车前面，让他无法走开。
The way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.
人的站姿、抱臂方式和手势也会告诉我们他或她的想法。
Visitors can also learn about coral and sharks at Dolphin University, look at the winged beauties in the Butterfly House, or admire the two giant pandas.
游客可以在海豚大学了解珊瑚和鲨鱼，在蝴蝶馆看这些带翅膀的美丽生物，还能观赏大熊猫（安安和佳佳）。
（2）并列状语
We can use a smile to apologize,to greet someone,to ask for help or to start a conversation.
我们可以利用微笑来道歉，打招呼，求助和搭话。
The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebody’s way of dressing or telling an amusing story.
表演者通过取笑别人的穿着方式、讲述有趣的故事，引我们发笑。
（3）并列主语
You can feel what it is like to live in space,walk on the ocean floor or ski with polar bears at the North Pole.
你可以体验太空生活、洋底走路、与北极熊一起滑雪。
（4）伴随状语
A few minutes later everybody is quiet,listening and thinking about the comedians’ words.
过了几分钟，大家都静下来，听着台词陷入沉思。
Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻求刺激和娱乐。
特别提示
并列成分表示几个动作接连发生，有先后顺序，并列成分的形式要一致；伴随状语则表示伴随动作和谓语动作同时发生。
补充例句
Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods.
突然一个驾着金黄色马车的高个子男人抓住那个女孩，把她带走，消失在树林中。（第一处为并列谓语，第二处为伴随状语）
She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.
天一黑她就动身了并在一小时后到家。（并列谓语）
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
来访的部长对他的会谈表示满意，补充说他在这里很愉快。（伴随状语）
On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
星期六下午，格林太太到市场，买了些香蕉，然后又看望了她表妹。（并列谓语）
2.not...but...与not only...but also...
教材原句
（1）The roots of the vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.
蔬菜的根系不是种在泥土里，而是悬浮在含有生长所需的各种营养物质的水里。
Many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
许多蔬菜不是种植在菜园里，而是生长在温室里。
（2）Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.
粮食生产固然重要，环保也很重要。
特别提示
not...but...表示“不是……而是……”的意思；not only...but also...的意思为“不仅……而且……”，当not only 位于句首时，该句应该使用倒装语序。当not...but...和not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近一致的原则。
补充例句
（1）She drives not carefully but slowly.
她开车不够仔细，但开得很慢。
He doesn’t ski but skates.
他不会滑雪但会溜冰。
He went not to help his father but to borrow money from him.
他不是去帮父亲的忙而是去向父亲借钱。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work.
他考试不及格不是因为他不聪明而是因为他不用功。
（2）Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
不仅老师自己对足球感兴趣而且他所有的学生也开始对足球感兴趣了。
Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
踢足球不仅能使我们强壮，而且还能培养我们公平竞争和团队意识。
疑难突破
1.way,method,means
way可指一般的方法，也可指个人的或特殊的方法或方式。如：生活方式way of life。另外，当way作为先行词时，定语从句的引导词可以是in which也可以是that，也可以不用引导词。常用短语：in this way用这种方式；by the way顺便说；in a way在某种程度上；in no way决不；in the way妨碍某人；lose one’s way迷路；on the/one’s way在路上；make one’s way前进。
method指理论的或系统的方法。
means指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数形式相同。常用短语：by this means用这种方式；by all means无论如何；by means of以……方式；by no means一点也不。
应用
（1）I think this is the best ______ to deal with the waste.
（2）Now teaching the text is done in a very lively ______ in English classes.
（3）He introduced the Western ______ of teaching in class.
（4）Follow her ______ of cooking.
（5）Every possible ______ has/ All possible ______ have been adopted.
答案：（1）way （2）way （3）method （4）method （5）means;means
2.create,invent,discover,find,find out
create主要意思是“创造”，即产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等，也可创造出新的具体事物。名词：creation创造；creator 创造者。
invent 主要意思是“发明”，也是产生出前所未有的东西，但其对象往往是物质性的。名词：invention发明；inventor发明者。
discover 主要意思是“发现”，其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们了解的东西，如元素、地域或客观规律等。名词：discovery发现；discoverer发现者。
find主要指发现、找到丢失的东西或人；“发现；看到；感到”。
find out “查明真相；弄清”，同义词为make sure。
应用
（1）The idea that God ______ the world is wrong.
（2）Thomas Edison______ the first small electric lamp.
（3）They never ______ how to open the box.
（4）I was surprised when I ______ you in the bus.
（5）Did you ______ the book you lost?
（6）Please ______ who broke into the house last night.
答案：（1）created （2）invented （3）discovered （4）found （5）find （6）find out
典例剖析
【例1】 （春季北京，28）We asked John and Jerry,but ______ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
A.either B.none C.both D.neither
剖析：本题考查代词的用法。前一句话已经说明了John and Jerry两个人，可据此排除表示三者的代词none；but为转折连词，所以后面应该使用表示否定意思的词。
答案：D
【例2】 （20春季北京，31）I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.______?
A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished
C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish
剖析：本题根据语境考查动词的时态和语态。第一句话说明的是现在的情况，只有现在完成时态才能强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果。从逻辑关系分析，此处用被动语态，表示“咖啡都（被）喝了吗？”的意思。
答案：A
【例3】 （年上海,41）______ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
剖析：本题考查倒装句的用法。当not only位于句首时，其所引导的句子应该使用疑问句的语序。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年广西,29）When we plan our vacation,mother often offers______ suggestions.
A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable
剖析：本题考查形容词的辨析。从句子的语境分析，此处用practical。本句话的意思为“每当我们作假期计划时，妈妈总是给我们提出很实际的建议”。
答案：B
篇7：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 11-Unit 12
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 suggestion *instrument perform *characteristic character contain spread variety universal record satisfy desire *emotion *process express *entertain treat literature *comedy local exhibition power *magic series forehead *miserable habit whisper stupid announcement
词组 in common turn...into a world of on the other hand at the same time agree with in trouble come across believe in turn around make friends with
语法 复习被动语态 复习定语从句
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.suggest v.
suggestion n.
例句集锦
May I suggest a white wine with this dish,sir?
先生，吃这道菜，我给你推荐一种白葡萄酒，好吗？
He suggested setting out at once.
他建议马上动身。
Did he suggest what to do next?
他建议下一步干什么了吗？
We all suggested that he（should）be taken to hospital as soon as possible.
我们都建议尽快把他送到医院去。
The doctor suggested that I not work any longer.
医生建议我不能再工作了。
It has been suggested that bright children take their exams early.
有人提议天资好的孩子提前考试。
Who would you suggest for the job?
要你说，谁适合做这个工作？
The pale face suggested that she was ill.
她脸色苍白，这表明她病了。
All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.
所有证据都表明是他偷了钱。
I’d like to hear your suggestions for ways of raising money.
关于筹集资金的办法，我想听听你的意见。
He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.
他同意我提出的更改日期的建议。
His suggestion was that the match（should）be put off.
他的建议是比赛延期。
用法归纳
*suggest的主要义项有：（1）建议，提议；（2）推荐，举荐；（3）使人联想到；表明；暗示。常见搭配为：（1）+名词；（2）+动名词；（3）+that从句。
*suggestion的主要义项有：提议；建议；迹象
特别提示
（1）suggest作“建议”讲，后接宾语从句时，从句中用should do，should可省略。
（2）suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，后接宾语从句时，从句中的时态应视情况而定，不用虚拟语气。
（3）suggestion作“建议”讲时，其后无论跟表语从句还是同位语从句，从句中都应用should do，should可省略。
2.spread
例句集锦
v.
Sue spread the map out on the floor.
苏在地板上摊开地图。
She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.
她张开双臂，孩子向她跑来。
The disease is spread by mosquitoes.
这种疾病是通过蚊子传播的。
Within weeks,his confidence had spread throughout the team.
短短几个星期，他的信心感染了全体队员。
The fire rapidly spread to adjoining buildings.
大火迅速蔓延到邻近的建筑物。
n.
Shut doors to delay the spread of fire.
把门关上以延缓火势的蔓延。
Thousands of people were closed off to prevent the spread of the disease.
数千人被隔离以防止疾病的传播。
用法归纳
*spread可以用作动词和名词。主要义项有：展开；打开；摊开；传播；散布；蔓延。
3.satisfy
例句集锦
Nothing satisfies him-he’s always complaining.
什么都难如他的意--他老在抱怨。
The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone.
提议中的计划不会让所有人都满意。
The education system must satisfy the needs of all children.
教育系统必须满足所有儿童的需要。
She failed to satisfy all the requirements for entry to the college.
她没有达到进入那所学院的全部要求。
Her explanation did not satisfy the teacher.
她的解释没有让老师信服。
Once I had satisfied myself that it was the right decision,we went ahead.
一旦我自己确信这个决定是正确的，我们便动手干了起来。
用法归纳
*satisfy的主要义项有：使满意；使满足；满足（要求、需要等）；向（某人）证实；确信。
4.desire
例句集锦
v.
We all desire health and happiness.
我们都渴望健康和幸福。
The house had everything you could desire.
这房子里你要什么有什么。
The medicine did not achieve the desired effect.
这种药没达到预期的效果。
Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。
n.
She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
她感到想回家的愿望难以遏制。
I have no desire（=I don’t want） to discuss the matter further.
我不想再谈此事。
He has expressed a desire to see you.
他表示想见见你。
When she agreed to marry him he felt he had achieved his heart’s desire.
当她答应嫁给他时，他感到终于随心所愿。
用法归纳
*desire可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：渴望；期望。作名词时，主要义项有：愿望；欲望；渴望；渴望的人；渴望的事物。
5.treat
例句集锦
v.
Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.
小心使用你的键盘，这样你可以使用很多年。
My parents still treat me like a child.
父母仍然把我当成孩子。
He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.
他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。
She was treated for sunstroke.
她因中暑而接受治疗。
n.
We took the kids to the zoo as a special treat.
作为特别的消遣，我们带孩子到动物园去。
When I was young,chocolate was a treat.
我年轻的时候，吃巧克力是一种难得的享受。
Let’s go out for lunch-my treat.
咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。
用法归纳
*treat可以用作动词和名词。动词的主要义项有：以……态度对待；以……方式对待；医疗；医治；治疗。名词的主要义项有：乐趣；乐事；款待。
相关归纳
（1）treat sth.as sth.把……看作；把……视为
I decided to treat his remark as a joke.
我决定把他的话当作戏言。
（2）treat sb./oneself to sth.招待；款待；请（客）；买（可享受的东西）。
She treated him to lunch.她请他吃午饭。
Don’t worry about the cost-I’ll treat you.
别担心费用，我来替你付。
I’m going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes.
我打算给自己买双新鞋。
（3）a treat 极为有效；棒极了
His idea worked a treat（=was successful）.
他的主意极为奏效。
6.habit习惯
例句集锦
You need to change your eating habits.
你得改变你的饮食习惯。 It’s all right to borrow money occasionally,but don’t let it become a habit.
偶尔借点钱没关系，但不要养成习惯。
相关归纳
（1）be in the/a habit of=have the/a habit of 有……的习惯（或脾气）
I’m not in the habit of letting strangers into my apartment.
我不习惯让陌生人进我家。
（2）get/fall into the/a habit of 养成……的习惯
I’ve got into the habit of turning on TV as soon as I get home.
我习惯了一回家就打开电视。
（3）break/get out of the/a habit of戒除……的习惯
I’m trying to break the habit of staying up too late.
我正试图改掉熬夜的习惯。
●重点短语
1.in common共用；公有
例句集锦
They hold the poverty as tenants in common.
作为共同租赁人，他们共同占用这份房地产。
Real friends should have everything in common.
真正的朋友应该共同拥有一切。
相关归纳
（1）have sth.in common（with sb.）（想法、兴趣等方面）相同
Jane and I have nothing in common./I have nothing in common with Jane.
我与简毫无共同之处。
（2）have sth.in common（with sth.）（东西、地方等）有相同的特征（或特点）
The two cultures have a lot in common.
这两种文化有许多相同之处。
（3）in common with sb./sth.与……相同
In common with many people,he prefers classical music to pop.
像很多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢流行音乐。
2.ask sb.for advice 向某人征求建议
Can I ask you for some advice on reading?
我能向你征求有关阅读的建议吗？
相关归纳
（1）give advice 提出建议
He gave us several pieces of advice.
他给我们提了几条建议。
（2）take（accept,follow）one’s advice接受某人的建议
He often asks me for advice but sometimes when I give him advice,he won’t accept/follow my advice.
他经常向我征求意见，但是当我给他提建议时，他又不愿意接受。
3.in trouble处于不幸、苦恼、困境中；有麻烦
例句集锦
He is always ready to help anyone who is in trouble.
他总是乐于帮助有麻烦的人。
If I don’t get this finished in time,I’ll be in trouble.
我如不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。
He is in trouble with the police.
他犯事落入警察手里。
His friends help him when he is in trouble.
当他遇到麻烦事时，他的朋友会帮助他。
相关归纳
（1）get into trouble遇到麻烦；出事
A yachtsman got into trouble off the coast and had to be rescued.
一个驾驶帆船的人在海上遇险需要救援。
（2）take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做；不厌其烦地做
She didn’t even take the trouble to find out how to spell my name.
她嫌麻烦，甚至连我的姓名如何拼写都不想搞清楚。
4.come across
（1）+sb./sth.（偶然）遇见，碰见，发现
（2）被理解，被弄懂，给人以……印象，使产生……印象
例句集锦
I came across children sleeping under bridge.
我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。
He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across.
他讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。
She comes across well in interviews.
她在面试中常给人留下很好的印象。
5.used to do（用于表示过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经；过去常常
例句集锦
Harry also learns to be brave and to do things he used to be afraid of.
哈利也变得大胆了，敢于做过去不敢做的事。
When I worked on a farm,I used to get up at 5 a.m.
我在农场劳动时，总是早上五点起床。
We used to go sailing on the lake in summer.
从前的夏天，我们经常泛舟湖上。
I didn’t use to like him much when we were at school.
以前我们同学时，我并不太喜欢他。
You used to see a lot of her,didn’t you?
你过去常见到她，是吗？
相关归纳
（1）be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某事（做某事）
I used to get up late,but now I am used to getting up early.
我曾经起床很晚，但现在已习惯早起了。
I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.
起初我觉得这工作很累人，但很快就习惯了。
（2）be used to do sth.被用来做……
Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could be used to rebuild the city and its culture.
在纳粹分子来之前藏起来的宫殿里的一件件的物品可以用来重建这座城市和文化古迹。
●必背句型
1.even if/though引导的状语从句
教材原句
Can you enjoy music from other parts of the world even if you don’t understand the words?
即使你不明白歌词的意思，你也能欣赏世界其他地方的音乐吗？
特别提示
（1）只能说even though，不可说even although。
（2）在even if /though引导的状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
补充例句
I’ll get there even though I have to walk.
我就是走也要走到那里去。
Even if he is very nice,I don’t really trust him.
尽管他很好，我并不真正信任他。
I’ll help you,even if I don’t sleep for night.
即使我一夜不睡，我也要帮你。
相关归纳
（1）even so尽管如此；即使这样
He is a very nice person.Even so,I don’t really trust him.
他是一个非常好的人，即使这样，我也不真正信任他。
（2）even now/then甚至到现在（或那时）；即使是这样（或那样）
I’ve shown him the photographs but even now he won’t believe me.
我把照片给他看了，即使是这样他仍然不相信我。
Even then she would not admit her mistake.
甚至到那时她还是不肯认错。
2.while引导的状语从句
教材原句
He wrote this song while he was fishing.
他钓鱼的时候写的这首歌。
特别提示
（1）注意while的不同含义：①表示时间，意思是“当……时；在……同时”；②表示让步，意思是“虽然；尽管”；③表示转折对比，意思是“然而；但”。
（2）注意while引导的状语从句中的时态：用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
补充例句
He fell asleep while（he was）doing his homework.
他做作业时睡着了。
While there is life,there is hope.（=As long as there is life,there is hope.）
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
While I understand your opinion,I don’t agree with you.
虽然我理解你的观点，但我并不同意你的意见。
He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly,while stones fell much faster.
他注意到羽毛落地缓慢，而石头落地要快得多。
While it’s winter here in our country right now,it’s summer in South Africa.
虽然我们这儿现在是冬天，而南非却是夏天。
You should keep silent while I am writing.
我写作时你不应该说话。
3.部分否定句
教材原句
He knew that the church had many secret rooms and that not all of them were safe.
他知道教堂里有很多密室，而且并不是所有的密室都安全。
特别提示
如果句中使用了all，both，every，再使用否定词not，无论not出现在何处，该句都应视为部分否定句，译成“并不是……”。
补充例句
Not all of us agree with him.
=We don’t all agree with him.
我们并不是都同意他的观点。
Not every student passed the exam.
=Every student didn’t pass the exam.
并不是每一个学生考试都及格了。
Not both of them are students.
=Both of them are not students.
他们俩并不都是学生。
相关归纳
全部否定句
特别提示
表示全部否定时，三者或三者以上用none；两者用neither。
None of us agreed with him.
我们都不同意他的观点。
None of the students passed the exam.
学生考试都没及格。 Neither of them are students.
他们俩都不是学生。
4.含有if only的句子
教材原句
If only they could find a way to get to the room,or whatever it was,behind the wall.
他们要是能够找到一条通道进入墙壁后面的那个房间，或无论什么地方，该有多好!
特别提示
if only后常接过去时或过去完成时，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。
补充例句
If only you hadn’t told Jackie what I said,everything would have been all right.
要是你没把我的话告诉杰克就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。
If only I were rich.但愿我很富有。
If only he’d remembered to send that letter.
要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。
If only he would listen to reason!
他要是能听得进道理就好了。
相关归纳
（1）only if只有
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.
学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.
只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。
特别提示
only if引导的从句放在句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。
（2）if not不然；要不
I’ll go if you’re going.If not（=if you don’t go）,I’d rather stay at home.
你去我就去，不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。
Do you want that cake?If not,I’ll have it.
你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。
（3）if so
Have you got a free evening next week?If so（=if you have）,let’s have dinner.
下周你哪一个晚上有空？如果没事，我们去吃一顿。
特别提示
该短语经常用来代替完整的句子，译法较活。
（4）but for若不是，要不是
But for your help,we wouldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
要不是有你的帮助，我们就不会提前完成工作。
特别提示
but for等于if it were not for...； if it hadn’t been for...所在的句子常用虚拟语气。
5.when引导的句子
教材原句
He was about to say something when Pete turned around.
他正要说点什么，皮特突然转过身来。
特别提示
when作连词时，主要义项有：（1） 在那时，突然……；（2） 当……时候；（3） 刚（一）……就……；（4） 如果（同if）；（5） 可是，虽然；（6） 既然（同since）
补充例句
He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder.
他正要告诉我那个秘密，这时有人拍拍他的肩膀。
I’ll go to see you when you come back.
你回来时我去看你。
I had hardly left home when it began to rain.
我刚离开家，天就下雨了。
Call me at once when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器有什么问题，请马上给我打电话。
She usually walks when she might ride.
虽然她可以坐车，但她通常步行。
Why did you write with a pencil when you know you should write in ink？
既然你知道应该用钢笔写，为什么你还用铅笔写？
疑难突破
1.believe,believe in
believe表示“相信某件事情或某人的话”。
believe in sb./sth.表示“相信某人或某物的存在”或“信赖；信任；相信某人会成功”。
应用
（1）Do you ______God?
（2）They need a leader they can ______.
（3）You can ______ him this time but you’d better not ______him.
（4）Don’t you ______what I say?=Don’t you ______me?
答案：（1）believe in （2）believe in （3）believe,believe in （4）believe,believe
2.at one time,at times,at all times,at a time,at no time,at the same time,for a time
（1）at one time（=once）意为“从前、曾经”。
（2）at times（=sometimes）意为“有时、间或”。
（3）at all times（=always）意为“一直、随时”。
（4）at a time（=each time）意为“一次、每次”。
（5）at no time意为“在任何时候都不、绝不”。
（6）at the same time意为“同时”。
（7）for a time意为“一度、一段时间”,相当于for some time。
应用
（1）In class you should listen to your teacher ______not ______.
（2）We were good friends ______,but aren’t now.
（3）Please give me two books ______.
（4）We couldn’t say who came earlier.They almost arrived ______.
（5）You should ______waste your time playing computer games.
（6）He was a professor of a university in Beijing ______.Now he studies in America.
答案：（1）at all times,at times （2）at one time （3）at a time （4）at the same time
（5）at no time （6）for a time
3.power,strength,force
这三个词都有“力量”之意。
power用法最广，用于各种身的、心的、隐藏的、外显的力量，也可指事物的某种作用力或动力。
strength指内部的能力，是身体组织内存在的体力。
force指运用或发挥出来的外在的、活动的力，含有克服阻力而使人或物按要求的方向运动之意。
应用
（1）Knowledge is ______.
（2）The boy lifted the stone with all his ______.
（3）She doesn’t have enough ______to walk upstairs.
（4）Carrying this baggage requires a lot of ______.
（5）The ______ of the wind knocked over a tree.
答案：（1）power （2）strength （3）strength （4）power （5）force
典例剖析
【例1】 （上海，38）Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park ______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A.when B.while C.since D.once
剖析：全句意思为：“Jasmine与家人正在野生公园度假，这时她的腿被狮子咬了。”when有“在那时，突然……”之意，故选A。参见“必背句型5”。
答案：A
【例2】 （20江苏，23）______ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.
A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless
剖析：本题考查从属连词的用法。从题干内容看，主句和从句之间存在让步关系，而连词while含有“虽然，虽则”之意，故选A项。全句意思为：“虽然我承认他不是个完美的人，但事实上我的确喜欢这个人。”参见“必背句型2”。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年天津，24）When he left ______ college,he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office.
A./；a B./；the C.a；the D.the；the
剖析：leave college/school 意为“离校，毕业或肄业 ”，get a job as a/an+n.意为“找到一份干……的工作”。
比较：Elvis left school and became a truck driver.艾尔维斯毕业后当了一名卡车司机。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年湖北，28）______ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
剖析：本题考查分词的用法。句子主语ocean与compare之间存在被动关系，因此用过去分词。When compared=When the biggest ocean is compared with...。
答案：D
补充：
【例1】 （2004年浙江，31）______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into,the good model will always be in demand.
A.While B.Since C.As D.If
剖析：全句意思为：虽然模特行业不容易进入，但优秀的模特总是哪里都需要。
答案：A
【例2】 （上海,31）Alec asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom
剖析： 本题结构较为复杂：Alec asked the policeman to contact him为主句；______he worked为定语从句，修饰policeman。首先排除A项，因为him不能引导定语从句。依据定语从句中谓语动词work的搭配习惯，排除B、D两项，因为“与……一同工作”用work with。
答案：C
篇8：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 17-Unit 18
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 inspire admire *generous cheerful mean *tense *dull dishonest *champion mile stormy *threaten bottom *optimistic workday somehow *shelter regret *extreme extremely climate value pianist bother fame promise *kindergarten hardship bear *scholarship graduation fisherman great-grandfather northeastern central coast surround *mild *bay *harbour *volcano spring heat surface rat settle settler mainly voyage possession bold paragraph grassland mountainous surprising secretary percent wedding conference relation agricultural cattle *export lamb ship sail cottage seaside camp
词组 around the corner die down * come to terms with make up take possession of turn to go sailing go camping blow away be in good health struggle to one’s knees take up be made up of lead to so far in relation to sign an agreement with refer to be on the rise *apply for come true hand over deal with burst out come up get tired of fall asleep wake up try one’s luck
语法 主谓一致 it用法（形式主语）
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.admire
例句集锦
v.
（1）I was admiring his new car.
我羡慕他的新车。
Come and admire the view!
快来欣赏这风景！
（2）I admire him for his sincerity.=I admire his sincerity.
我钦佩他的诚实。
Visitors to Dalian usually admire their policewomen.
到大连的游客通常都钦佩他们的女警察。
（3）Remember to admire her new dress.
记住要赞美她的新衣。
Don’t forget to admire the baby.
不要忘了夸奖那婴儿。
用法归纳
*admire用作及物动词，主要义项有：赞赏；佩服；称赞等。其名词为admirer赞美者；admiration 感叹；钦佩；赞美
特别提示
注意比较admire和envy的区别。envy的侧重点在于强调“羡慕和嫉妒”。
2.mean
例句集锦
v.
（1）A dictionary tries to tell you what words mean.
词典向人们讲述词的意思。
What do you mean by saying that?
你说那话是什么意思？
The sign means that the road is blocked.
这个标志表示此路不通。
I hope you understand what I mean.
我希望你能理解我指的是什么意思。
She means what she says.她说话当真。
（2）That does not mean reading too slowly.
那并不意味着读得太慢。
Being a good reader means much more than just“listening with ears”.
一个好的读者远远超过仅仅用耳朵听。
（3）He means to succeed.
他想成功。
I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings-I didn’t mean to.
对不起，如果我伤了你的心的话，也不是故意的。
We sometimes hurt people’s feelings without meaning it.
我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。
（4）I didn’t mean you to see and read the letter.
我原不打算让你看见并读到这封信。
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
我想请你做我们的发言人。
用法归纳
*mean用作动词，主要有以下义项：意思是；意味着；打算；想让某人做某事。
特别提示
mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing表示“意味着……”的意思。
3.regret
例句集锦
vt.
（1）I regret being unable to come today.
=I regret that I can’t come today.
很遗憾我今天不能来。
He regretted having been careless.
=He regret that he had been careless.
他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
I regret having called him a thief,but I regret even more his stealing my watch!
我把他叫做贼感到遗憾，更感到遗憾的是他偷了我的手表！
（2）I regret to say that I can’t help you.
很抱歉我不能帮你的忙。
I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment.
我遗憾地通知你我们不能雇用你。
n.
I felt regret about what I said to him.
我真后悔对他说了那些话。
Much to my regret,I must leave you now.
我很遗憾地告诉你，我现在要离开了。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
用法归纳
*regret可以用作动词和名词。主要有以下义项：对……惋惜，遗憾，抱歉，后悔，失望。
特别提示
后跟动词不定式作宾语，表示“对要做的某事感到遗憾”，这时的动词不定式一般用to say,to tell you,to inform you；后跟动名词作宾语，表示对已经做过的事感到后悔。后跟宾语从句时无此意思上的区别。
4.settle
例句集锦
v.
（1）Have you settled where to go?
你定下去哪儿了吗？
He has settled to buy a car.他决定买车。
Let’s settle the date of the next meeting.
我们来商定下次集会的日期。
（2）The problem has not been settled yet.
那个问题至今尚未解决。
They settled the quarrel out of court.
他们以庭外和解的方式解决了争端。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有许多问题要解决，新当选的总统困难重重。
（3）They got married and settled in London.
他们结了婚并在伦敦定居。
They settled Indians in the reservations.
他们把印第安人安置在保留区。
（4）He drank up the coffee and settled the cup into the saucer.
他喝光了咖啡，把杯子放在托盘上。
（5）He settled back in the armchair.
他安稳地坐在躺椅上。
（6）The teacher tried to settle the students down.
老师尽力让学生安静下来。
His words settled my fears.
他的话平息了我的不安。
用法归纳
*settle可以用作及物动词和不及物动词，主要有以下义项：决定；解决；定居；放置；使安静；栖息。
特别提示
settle在表示“解决”的意思时，同义词为solve,work out和deal with。
5.inspire
例句集锦
v.
（1）We were inspired by his speech.
我们为他的演说所激励。
（2）His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。
His friend’s words inspired him to try again.
他朋友的话使他振奋起来再试一次。
（3）The father inspired his son with confidence.
=The father inspired confidence in his son.
那位父亲激发了儿子的信心。
（4）The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.
儿时的回忆促使他写成第一本小说。
The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.
英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯创作他最伟大诗篇的灵感。
用法归纳
*inspire用作及物动词，主要义项有：鼓舞；激励；引发；赋予……灵感。主要用法有：inspire sb./inspire sb.to sth./inspire sb.to do sth./inspire sth.in sb./inspire sb.with sth.。形容词inspired 有灵感的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
特别提示
inspire sb.to do sth.相当于encourage sb.to do sth.。
●重点短语
1.die down
例句集锦
On November 12th the storm died down.
11月12日，风暴平息了。
The fire is dying down.Please get more coal.
火要灭了，请再加点煤。
It took a long time for the excitement to die down.
过了好长时间兴奋才平息下来。
相关归纳
（1）die away逐渐消失、平息
The sound has died away.
声音渐渐地消失了。
（2）die from由于……而死，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。
He died from a chest wound.
他死于胸部受伤。
He died from weakness.
他死于衰弱。
（3）die of因（患）……而死，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因。
The baby died of a fever.
这个婴儿因发烧而死。
The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s death.
这位老太太在她丈夫死去不久就死于悲伤。
（4）die out熄灭；绝种（迹）
The lights died out suddenly.
电灯突然间熄灭了。
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多老风俗渐渐消亡了。
（5）die off 先后死去；一一死去
The leaves of this plant are dying off.
这植物的叶子正在凋落中。
2.turn to
例句集锦
Some farmers have turned to keeping deer,and there are about 4 500 deer farms in the country.
某些农场主已经转业养鹿，全国的养鹿场已经达到4 500个左右。
He turned to me and said hello to me.
他转向我向我问好。
He turned to the study of medicine.
他转向学习医学。
Please turn to Page 5.
请翻到第五页。
If you are in trouble,please turn to me.
如果你有麻烦，请找我。
相关归纳
（1）turn on/off开/关（电器、煤气等）
Turn on the lights when you enter the room,and don’t forget to turn them off before you leave.
进入房间时请把灯打开，但要记住离开前关上。
（2）turn up开大；调高（音量、煤气等）；露面
He hasn’t turned up yet.
他到现在还没有露面。
Will you turn up the radio?
请把收音机的音量开大一些好吗？
（3）turn down 关小；调低（音量、煤气等）；拒绝
-Would you like me to turn down the radio a bit?
我把收音机音量调低一点好吗？
-No,it’s all right.I’m used to working with the radio on.
不用，这就很好。我已经习惯开着收音机工作了。
Our request for a pay rise was turned down again.
我们要求提高工资的请求再次被拒绝。
（4）turn out 关掉；熄灭；证明；生产
The day turned out fine.
结果天晴了。
It turned out that he had never been there.
后来证实他从来没有去过那儿。
The factory can turn out 1 000 cars a day.
这家工厂一天能生产1 000辆汽车。
（5） turn over 翻地；翻身；翻倒；仔细考虑
The farmers turned over the soil with a fork to destroy the weeds.
农民用耙子翻地除草。
He turned over in the bed and couldn’t fall asleep.
他在床上翻来覆去，睡不着觉。
The car turned over twice and then fell into the river.
那辆车翻了两次后掉进了河里。
He turned it over in his mind.
他在心中仔细考虑那件事。
（6）turn against背叛；反抗
For this many of his former friends turned against him.
鉴于此，他以前的许多朋友背叛了他。
特别提示
turn to短语中的to为介词，后面不能使用动词原形。相似的还有：devote...to...;pay attention to;refer to等。但是，He turned to go out.的意思为“他转身走了出去”。
3.fall asleep
例句集锦
I fell asleep（while）watching TV.
我在看电视时睡着了。
He soon got tired of thinking and fell asleep.
他很快就想累了，然后就睡着了。
相关归纳
（1）fall ill生病（终止性动词）
My mother fell ill.我母亲生病了。
（2）fall behind落在……后面
fall behind with拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
那次生病使得他落在班上其他学生之后。
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent,please.
请不要拖欠租金。
（3）fall off从……掉落
The top button fell off the shirt.
衬衫最上面的纽扣掉落了。
He fell off his bicycle and hurt his leg.
他从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。
（4）fall down 从……落下；（计划）失败
His plan has fallen down.他的计划失败了。
特别提示
比较：fall（drop）asleep“入睡”的同义词为go to sleep，都为终止性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，表示延续应使用be asleep。
4.burst out
例句集锦
They burst out laughing/crying.
他们突然大笑（哭）起来。
“I don’t believe it!”burst out the angry woman.
“我不相信！”这位生气的妇女突然说道。
相关归纳
（1）burst into突然闯入；突然开始；突然发生
He burst into the room.
他突然闯进房间。
She burst into laughter/tears.
她突然笑（哭）起来。
The hall burst into cheers when the singer appeared.
当歌手出场时，大厅里爆发出欢呼声。
The oil-stove upset and burst into flames.
油炉翻倒，立刻燃烧起来。
（2）burst in（on）打扰
It was very rude of you to burst in on Father while he was working.
父亲工作期间，你打扰他是不礼貌的。
Stop him bursting in.
别让他插嘴。
（3）burst on突然出现
The view burst on our sight.
那景象突然出现在我们面前。
特别提示
burst out后跟v.-ing形式；burst into后跟名词形式。
●必背句型
1.be doing sth.when sth.happened
教材原句
I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
我正在一个似乎安全的斜坡上往前走，突然间毫无预兆，滑雪板下的大地陷下去了。
I was walking along the road next to the river when I saw a little girl fall through the ice.
我正沿着河边的路走着，突然我看见一位小姑娘掉进冰里。
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天恰克正乘飞机飞越太平洋，突然他的飞机失事了。
特别提示
该句型中的连词when不能换成as,while等其他连词。
补充例句
I was working in the garden when I suddenly felt a pain in my stomach.
我当时正在院子里干活，这时我突然感到肚子疼。
Frank was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.
弗兰克刚要离开，这时他发现地板上有一封信。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做作业，突然灯灭了。
I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased.
一天我刚走了两小时，这时突然狂风大作。
2.find oneself+宾补
教材原句
I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
我自己一整天都在帐篷里度过。
When he wakes up,he finds himself already in New Zealand.
当他醒来时，他发现自己已经到了新西兰。
They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks,fishes,shells and plants.
他们发现自己被彩色的岩石、鱼、贝壳和植物所包围。
特别提示
该句型结构中的宾补可以有v.-ing、过去分词（表示被动）、介词短语、形容词、副词等。
补充例句
When he woke up,he found himself tied to a tall tree.
他醒来时发现自己被绑在一棵高树上。
He found himself lying in a hospital bed.
他发现自己躺在医院的床上。
I found myself（to be）in a dark forest.
我发现自己在一个黑暗的森林里。
He found himself alone with a strange woman.
他发现自己和一位陌生的妇女单独在一起。
3.It is said/reported/believed/thought that-clause句型结构
教材原句
It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
人们常说现实生活已经够艰难的了。
It was said that only three people could understand it at the time.
据说当时只有三个人能够理解。
特别提示
It is said /thought/ believed/reported that-clause可以转换成sb.is said/ reported/ believed/ reported to do/ to be doing/ to have done...句型结构。
补充例句
（1）It is hoped that you will be able to attend the meeting.
（=You are hoped to attend the meeting.）
人们希望你能够参加这个会议。
It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
（=He is said to have written a book about workers.）
据说他写了一本关于工人的新书。
It is believed that our team will win the match.
人们相信我们队会赢得这场比赛的胜利。
It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.
据报道我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。
It is thought that our football team will certainly win.
大家认为我们足球队当然会赢。
（2）He is said to have finished the work.
据说他已经完成了这项工作。
The conference is reported to be held on March 15.
据报道这个会议将在3月15日举行。
Dick is believed to be fit for the position.
人们相信迪克适合这一职务。
疑难突破
1.make up,be made up of,make up for
make up的意思比较多，常用的有“化妆、编造、组成、占……（比例）”。这时要注意，make up为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。另外，take up也有“占……”的意思，但指的是“某样东西占据空间”。
be made up of... “由……组成”，这里为被动形式，表示“一个整体是由几个部分组成的”之意。
注意比较：consist of也有“……由……组成”的意思，但要使用主动形式。例如：
This club consists of more than 200 members.
这个俱乐部由200位以上的会员组成。
比较：This club is made up of more than 200 members.
make up for 弥补
应用
（1）She took over 30 minutes to ______ herself ______.
（2）Is she telling the truth,or ______ it all ______?
（3）We need one more player to ______ a team.
（4）They ______ about six percent of the total population.
（5）The committee ______ seven members.
（6）He drove faster to ______ lost time.
答案：（1）make;up （2）making;up （3）make up （4）make up （5）is made up of
（6）make up for
2.so far,as far as,so far as
so far“到目前为止”，常跟现在完成时连用。可置于句首、句中或句末。
as far as＝so far as“直到；同样远的距离”，as far as 既可用于肯定句，亦可用于否定句，而so far as 仅用于否定句。也可表示“就……而言，至于”，两者可互换。
应用
（1）______ we have learned English for six years.
（2）Your work has been good ______ this year.
（3）We didn’t go ______ the others.
（4）______ I know he will be away for three months.
（5）He will help you ______ he can.
答案：（1）So far （2）so far （3）as/so far as （4）So/As far as （5）as far as
3.deal with,do with,do without
do with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用what引导。含有“处理；处置” “对待（不用被动语态）”“以……将就（不用被动语态）”“放置（常用过去时或完成时态，不用被动语态）”“忍受（与cannot连用，不用被动语态）”等意思。
do without的意思为“没有……也行；将就”“用不着”。
deal with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用how引导。主要义项有：对付；处理；论及……（和do with同义，主要区别在于特殊疑问词）；相处；与……交易（不用于被动语态）。
应用
（1）Your clothes are worn out.What did you ______ them?
（2）He didn’t know what to ______ the property his father had left.
（3）The new teacher didn’t know what to ______ the class.
（4）Butter was so expensive that we had to ______ margarine（人造奶油）in those days.
（5）What have you ______ papers for the meeting?
（6）I cannot ______ the loud noise.
（7）We cannot ______ a telephone in our business.
（8）There wasn’t any coffee left,so we had to ______.
（9）He knows well how to ______ children.
（10） I think the problem should be ______ quickly.
（11）This book ______ ancient history of China.
答案：（1）do with （2）do with （3）do with （4）do with （5）done with （6）do with （7）do without （8）do without （9）deal with （10）dealt with （11）deals with
典例剖析
【例1】 （年上海，54）To keep healthy,Professor Johnson ______ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A.took up B.caught on C.carried out D.made for
剖析：本题考查短语动词的辨析。此处用take up,表示“从事；开始做”的意思。本句话的意思是“为保持身体健康，约翰逊教授退休后把骑自行车作为一项固定的锻炼形式”。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年北京,24）The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is
剖析：本题考查名词性从句的句子结构。根据句子的意思分析，此处用it is结构，it在此为形式主语，代替后面的that从句。形式主语或形式宾语只能用it。本句话的意思为“我们的希望是双方为和平而努力”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年北京，28）The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
剖析：本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。从后面的时间状语分析，此处用过去进行时态，表示“当地震发生时”正在进行的动作。此句话的主语为the teacher，为单数形式，介词短语with...为插入语。相似的插入语还有：as well as（也；还有），including（包括）等。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，27）I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
剖析：本题考查不定代词的用法。分析句子的结构，此处用it指代后面when引导的从句。“I like/appreciate it+从句”为固定句型结构。
答案：C
篇9：高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 7 -Unit 8
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *relic pyramid *represent include ruin burn *restore portrait recreate unite period damage *project brick official cave pollution breath limit continent tie *athelete medal *torch dive shooting *competitor further prepare effect *compete weigh weight position point title *gesture facial
词组 give in give up in ruins bring...back to life pull down set up in one’s opinion with the help of so far make oneself heard stand for because of would rather take part in preparation for prefer...to... have...effect on by hand
语法 被动语态
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.include vt.
例句集锦
Does the price include tax?
这个价格包括税款吗？
Your duties include typing letters and answering telephone.
你的职责是打信件和接电话。
You should include some examples in your essay.
你应该在文章里举一些例子。
用法归纳
*include vt.主要义项有：包括；包含；使成为……的一部分。
相关归纳
（1）included（包括……在内）放在被包括的之后。
（2）including（包括……在内） 放在被包括的之前。
We all went,me included.
我们都去了，包括我在内。
I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day.
包括元旦在内，我有三天假。
Six people were killed in the riot,including a policeman.
**中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
2.burn
例句集锦
v.
The house is burning.
房子着火了。
The fire burned her hand.
火烧伤了她的手。
Fires were burning all over the city.
全城处处燃烧着大火。
The smell of burning rubber filled the air.
空气中弥漫着橡胶燃烧的气味。
Some people burn calories faster than others.
有些人热量消耗的比其他人快。
Your forehead is burning.Have you get a fever?
你的前额很烫，你发烧了吗？
He was burning to go climbing again.
他渴望再去爬山。
n.
She had a burn on her hand.
她手上有一处烧伤。
用法归纳
*burn可以用作动词或名词。作动词时，主要义项有：着火；燃烧；烧伤；烧焦；发烫；渴望；有强烈的情感。
作名词时，主要义项有：烧伤；灼伤；烧的痕迹。
相关归纳
（1）burn sth. down（被）烧毁
The fire burned down the house.
火烧毁了房子。
（2）burn sth. up 被烧毁；被烧掉
The spaceship burned up as it entered the earth’s atmosphere.
宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时被烧毁。
（3）burn away（使）烧掉；烧光
Half the candle had burnt away.
蜡烛已烧掉了一半。
（4）burn out/burn itself out 烧尽；熄灭
The fire had burnt（itself）out before the fire engines arrived.
救火车到达之前，火就熄灭了。
（5）burn out/burn sth.out（因过热或使用过久）出故障
The clutch has burnt out.
离合器因过热而失灵。
（6）burn out或burn yourself/sb.out 耗尽体力；积劳成疾；累垮
If he doesn’t stop working so hard,he’ll burn himself out.
他要是继续这样拼命工作，就会把自己累垮。
3.breathe v.
breath n.
例句集锦
He breathed deeply before speaking again.
他深深地吸了一口气，然后继续说下去。
Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正在呼吸被污染的空气。
He opened his mouth and took a deep breath.
他张开嘴深深地吸了一口气。
His breath smelled like coffee.
他呼出的气有咖啡味。
用法归纳
*breathe 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出。
*breath 主要义项有：呼吸；呼出的空气。
相关归纳
（1）hold one’s breath（由于激动、害怕等）不出声；屏息
Hold your breath and count to ten.
屏住呼吸，数到十。
He held his breath while the results read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住呼吸。
（2）out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来
We were out of breath after only five minutes.
五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
（3）short of breath 呼吸短促
She was very short of breath.
她呼吸困难。
（4）take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
我第一次从空中看到这个岛屿时，叹赏不已。
4.prepare v.
preparation n.
例句集锦
A hotel room is being prepared for them.
正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。
The college prepares students for a career in business.
这个学院是培养商务人才的。
The whole class is working hard preparing for the exam.
全班都在用功准备考试。
The police are preparing themselves for trouble at the demonstration.
警察正在准备防范示威时可能出现的骚乱。
I was preparing to leave.
我正准备离开。
He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.
他在厨房做午饭。
Preparation for the party started early.
聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。
We made preparations to move to new offices.
我们已准备好搬到新办公室。
The country is making preparations for war.
这个国家正在进行备战。
用法归纳
*prepare的主要义项有：使作好准备；把……预备好；防范；准备。
常见搭配有：prepare+sth./sb.（for sb./sth.）；prepare+for sth.；prepare+to do sth.
相关归纳
（1）in preparation（for）（为……）准备
The third book in the series is currently in preparation.
丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。
The team has been training hard in preparation for the big game.
为备战这场重要比赛，队伍一直在严格训练。
（2）be prepared（for sth.）准备好；有所准备
I was not prepared for all the problems it caused.
我对这事引起的诸多麻烦毫无准备。
We’ll be better prepared next time.
下次我们会准备得更充分。
（3）be prepared to do愿意
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
How much are you prepared to pay?
你愿意出多少钱？
5.weigh v.
weight n.
例句集锦
-How much do you weigh?
你体重多少？
-I weigh about 60 kilos.
大约60千克。
He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.
他用浴室磅秤称体重。
She weighed the stone in her hand.
她用手掂了掂石头的重量。
The doctor said he should not lift heavy weights.
医生说他不应该举重物。
The full weight of responsibility falls on her.
全部的重任都落在她的肩上。
It is about 76 kilos in weight.
这东西重约76千克。
Bananas are sold by weight.
香蕉按重量出售。
She is trying to lose weight.
她正在设法减肥。
He is putting on/gaining weight since he gave up smoking.
他戒烟后体重增加了。
No more for me,I have to watch my weight.
我不再吃了，我得控制体重。
用法归纳
*weigh的主要义项为：有……重；重；称……的重量；测……的重量。
*weight的主要义项有：重量；分量；重物；重任；重担。
6.point
例句集锦
v.
He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.
他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。
“What’s your name?”he asked,pointing at the child with his pen.
他用笔指着小孩问：“你叫什么名字？”
She pointed in my direction.
她指向我这边。
She pointed her finger in my direction.
她（用手指）指向我这个方向。
He pointed the gun at her head.
他举枪对准她的头。
A compass needle points north.
罗盘指针指向北方。
We asked her the way and she pointed towards the town.
我们向她问路，她指向小镇的方向。
n.
She made several interesting points in the article.
她在文章中列举了几个有趣的观点。
I wish she would get to the point and tell us what she wants us to do.
我希望她能快点说正题，告诉我们她要我们做什么。
What is the point of this meeting?
这次会议的目的是什么？
The climber was at/on the point of death when they found him.
当他们发现那个登山者时，他已奄奄一息。
Australia finished 20 points ahead.
澳大利亚队终局领先20分。
We broadcast on ninety-five point nine FM.
我们以调频95.9播音。
用法归纳
*point可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：（1）指,指向；（2）瞄准；（3）对着，朝向。
用作名词时，主要义项为：（1）观点，论点；（2）要点，重点；（3）目的；意图；（4）时刻，关头；（5）得分；（6）小数点。
相关归纳
（1）to the point简明恰当；简洁中肯
The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短扼要。
（2）to the point of（doing）sth.达到某种程度；近乎
He was rude to the point of being aggressive.
他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的程度。
（3）up to a point在某种程度上
I agree with you up to a point.
我在某种程度上同意你的看法。
（4）point out指（给某人）看；（向某人）指出
I’ll point him out to you next time he comes in.
他下次来的时候，我指给你看。
He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.
他指出单独驾车的危险。
I should point out that none of these paintings is original.
我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
●重点短语
1.give up 放弃；戒掉；认输
例句集锦
He gave up smoking last year and became fat.
他去年戒烟后就发胖了。
They gave up without a fight.
他们不战而降。
She doesn’t give up easily.
她绝不轻易认输。
2.give in 让步；屈服；投降；勉强同意；交上
He would rather die than give in.
他宁死不屈。
The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.
当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步迹象。
Please give your work in before Monday.
请在星期一之前把作业交上来。
相关归纳
（1）give away 背弃；出卖；泄漏；暴露；赠送；泄露
They are giving away prizes at the new store.
新开张的商店在送赠品。
He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
她把国家的机密泄露给了敌人。
（2）give off（散）发出
She gives off a smell of rose.
她身上散发着玫瑰的香味。
（3）give back 还给；归还；使恢复
My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed.
我朋友归还了他借的工具。
The operation gave him back the use of his legs.
手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。
（4）give sb.a hand 帮某人的忙
Give me a hand with this table.
帮我搬这张桌子。
3.base sth.on/upon 以……为根据（基础）；把……建立在……
例句集锦
What are you basing this theory on?
你这种理论的根据是什么？
The film is based on a famous novel.
这部电影是根据一部著名的小说改编的。
One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
4.so far 迄今为止；到目前为止
例句集锦
What do you think of the show so far?
到目前为止你觉得这场演出怎么样？
Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason of his death.
至今侦探对他的死因仍茫然不解。
We haven’t heard from Tom so far.
到目前为止，我们还没收到汤姆的来信。
相关归纳
（1）by far（常用来修饰比较级或最高级，用以加强语气）大大的；……得多
The last of these reasons is by far the most important.
这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
Amy is the smartest by far.
埃米显然是最聪明的。
（2）as far as the eye can/could see极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
（3）as far as I know就我所知
As far as I know,the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world.
据我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。
（4）as far as I can remember（see,tell,etc）尽我所记得的；依我看
As far as I can see,you have done nothing wrong.
依我看，你没有做错任何事。
She lived in Chicago,as far as I can remember.
根据我记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。
（5）as far as sb./sth.be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned,you can do what you like.
就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
（6）as far as it goes在有限程度上（通常指不满意）
It’s a good plan as far as it goes,but there are a lot of things they haven’t thought of.
这计划还不错，不过还有很多事情没有考虑到。
5.every four years 每四年
用法归纳
every 与数词或few、other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，一般形成以下几个结构：
（1）every+基数词+复数名词，意为“每……”；
（2）every+序数词+单数名词，意为“每第……”；
（3）every+ other+单数可数名词，指“每隔……”；
（4）every+few+复数名词，译为“每隔几……”
例句集锦
I go there every three days.
每三天我去那里一次。
He comes to see his uncle every third Sunday every month.
他每月第三个星期天来看他的叔叔。
He goes to town every other day.
他隔天去一次城里。
Write on every other line.
要隔行写。
He stopped and turned round every few minutes.
每隔几分钟他都停下来回头看看。
6.make sure 确保；一定要；保证做到；核实；弄清楚
例句集锦
Make sure you turn off all the lights before leaving the lab.
在你离开实验室前一定要关掉所有的灯。
You’d better make sure of the time and the place.
你最好核实时间和地点。
相关归纳
（1）be sure of/be sure that有把握；确信
主语是人，表示主语感到“有把握，确信”。
I’m sure of his success.=I’m sure that he will succeed.
我确信他会成功。
（2）be sure to do一定要；必然会
主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测主语“一定要，必然会”。
He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。
It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
●必背句型
1.表示“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”的句型
教材原句
（1）We will not let our history and culture be destroyed and we will do everything we can to save our city.
我们不会让我们的历史和文化被毁灭的，我们将尽我们的所能去挽救我们的城市。
（2）They do their best to win medals.
他们努力去赢得奖牌。
特别提示
“尽其所能去做某事；尽力做某事”可用 sb.do what one can to do或sb.do everything/ all （that）one can to do来表达。该句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的状语。也可用do/try one’s best to do来表达。
补充例句
Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do what she could to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do all/everything she can to help him.
=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do/try her best to help him.
每当他遇到困难时，她总是尽她所能去帮助他。
2.用why表示建议的句型
句型1：Why not join us?
句型2：Why don’t you join us?
和我们一块干吧？
特别提示
“Why not +动词？”或“Why don’t you+动词？”通常用来表示建议。
补充例句
Why not go to the library to borrow some books?
何不去图书馆借几本书看看?
Why don’t you take your girlfriend with you?
为什么不带你的女朋友一块来？
3.be+介词＋名词
教材原句
It was under attack for 900 days,but the people of the city never gave in.
城市受到了900天的攻击，但是城里人从来没有屈服。
特别提示
“be+介词+名词”可以用来表示动作，名词前不能使用冠词。
补充例句
They are now at work.You can find them at the factory.
他们在上班，你可以在工厂里找到他们。
He is on business.We couldn’t find him at his office.
他出差了，我们在办公室里没找到他。
The workers are on strike.
工人们正在罢工。
The Whites are on holiday in Egypt.
怀特一家正在埃及度假。
The bridge is under construction.We can’t drive through it.
这座桥正在修建中，开车过不去。
The car is under repair.You can’t use it now.
车正在维修，现在不能用。
He is now in hospital,but I think he’ll be out of hospital soon.
他住院了，我想他不久就会出院。
4.would rather...（than...）
教材原句
I’d rather watch it than play it.
我宁愿看球而不愿意打球。
特别提示
（1）would/had rather...（than）意为“宁愿……而不愿；宁愿；更喜欢”。
（2）would rather后接从句时，从句中用过去时。
补充例句
She’d rather die than give a speech.
她宁愿死也不愿意演讲。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
他宁愿听别人说而不愿自己说。
-Do you want to come with us?
你想跟我一起来吗？
-No,I’d rather not.不，我不想去。
Would you rather walk or take the bus?
你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？
-Do you mind if I smoke?
你介意我抽烟吗？
-Well,I’d rather you didn’t.
最好别抽。
I’d rather you came tomorrow than today.
我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。
疑难突破
1.included,including
including意为“包含……在内；包括”，要放在被包括的名词或代词之前。included意为“包括在内”，要放在被包括的名词或代词之后。
应用
（1）There are a lot of names in the list,______ his name.
（2）There are a lot of names in the list,his name ______.
（3）There are 40 students in our class,______ four students from America.
答案：（1）including （2）included （3）including
2.farther,further
表示时间、空间和距离时两者可换用;表示“进一步、进一层、更多”时，只能用further。
应用
（1）I could walk no ______.
（2）This problem will be ______ discussed tomorrow.
（3）No ______ explanation is needed.
（4）It means every athlete should try to run faster,jump higher,and throw ______.
答案：（1）farther/further （2）further （3）further （4）farther/further
3.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring指将某物或某人从其他地方带到说话人所在地方。
take将人或物从说话人所在的地方带到别处。
carry携带东西从一处到另一处，无方向性。
fetch指到别处去，然后把某物或人带来。
应用
（1）Go and______ today’s newspaper for me.
（2）Please ______ your son along next time you come.
（3）The woman is ______a baby in her arms.
（4）Let me ______ the suitcase for you.
（5）Who has ______ away today’s newspaper?
（6）______ the umbrella.It’s going to rain.
（7）He asked us to ______ our notebooks and pens when we go to listen to the report.
答案：（1）fetch （2）bring （3）carrying （4）carry （5）taken （6）Take （7）take
4.prepare,prepare for,get（be）ready
（1）get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①get ready（for sth.）；②get sth.ready；③be ready（for sth.）；④be ready to do（准备干某事，乐于干某事）
（2）prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
（3）prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare常见结构如下：
prepare sth.准备某物（事）
prepare sth.for sth.使……为……作好准备
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare for sth.为某事作准备
prepare sb.for sth.使某人对某事有思想准备
be prepared for sth.准备好应付某事
应用
（1）Mother was busy ______ us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
（2）The doctor told the nurses to ______the operation at once.
（3）We ______to do anything for the people.
（4）Will you help me ______ the party?
（5）Please ______ by seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
（6）The teacher is ______ the exam.
（7）The students are ______ the exam.
（8）Will you ______ her for the bad news that is coming?
答案：（1）preparing （2）prepare for （3）are ready （4）prepare for （5）get/be ready （6）preparing （7）preparing for （8）prepare
5.win,beat
beat宾语只能是表示人的词或一个集体，“在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人”应说beat sb.in...。win作“赢”解时，其宾语通常是war,battle,game,match,argument,medal等，不能是表示人的词。
应用
（1）They do their best to ______medals.
（2）We ______their team by 10 points.
（3）Jim ______Tom by a yard and ______ the race.
（4）Do you know who ______ the Nobel Prize for physics this year?
答案：（1）win （2）beat （3）beat,won （4）won
6.manage to do,try to do
manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.，表示“努力做成某事”。
try to do sth.表示“试图、企图、努力”去做，不强调结果。
应用
（1）We were pleased that they ______ to get what we wanted.
（2）He ______ to pass the exam but he had no luck.
（3）The box was heavy but he ______ to lift it.
（4）If I am to get away,can you ______ the factory?
（5）I cannot ______ another cake.
答案：（1）managed （2）tried （3）managed （4）manage （5）manage
7.because of,because
because是连词，用于引导表语从句或状语从句。
because of是介词，用于名词、代词、what从句或动名词前。
应用
（1）She was worried ______her daughter came home late.
（2）Her daughter came home late ______the busy traffic.
（3）She was angry ______what you said.
（4）______ missing the last bus,we had to take a taxi.
（5）My views of the world have changed ______traveling.
（6）She looks worried.That is ______her daughter hasn’t come home.
答案：（1）because （2）because of （3）because of （4）Because of （5）because of （6）because
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，22）After a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment ______.
A.is damaged B.had damaged C.damaged D.was damaged
剖析：从主谓关系判断，该句应使用被动语态，故排除B、C两项；由于表达是过去的动作，应该使用过去时，故选D项。
答案：D
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，25）Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.
A.because B.so that C.even if D.as
剖析：根据句意判断，句子的后半部分是目的状语从句，故选B。
答案：B
【例3】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，22）Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear
C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard
剖析：根据句意和结构判断，句子后部分是表达大声喊的目的，一般用不定式表达，故排除A、C两项。hear与宾语herself有逻辑上的被动关系，故选D项。
答案：D
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，26）To enjoy the scenery,Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ______ travel by air.
A.as B.to C.than D.while
剖析：本题考查习惯搭配would rather do...than do ...。
答案：C
【例5】（2004年全国卷Ⅳ，33）Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.
A.a little more than sad B.more than a little sad
C.sad more than a little D.a little more sad than
剖析：more than修饰形容词、名词或动词时，通常放在被修饰的词之前，故排除A、C、D三项。more than用于修饰形容词、名词或动词时，要看作习语，意思是“不仅、很、非常”。全句意思是：“Lizzie在机场为朋友送行时，非常难过。”
答案：B
【例6】 （2003年北京，23）Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may ______ the shocking ending.
A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off
剖析： 本题检测考生在特定语境中对短语动词的辨异和使用能力。准确把握各选项中短语动词的意思是关键。give away意为“泄露（机密），捐赠”;give out意为“分发；用完、耗尽”;give up意为“放弃”;give off意为“发出（光、热、气味等）”。只有give away符合题意，故选A项。
本题意思是：“不要在故事开头就提到那事，否则便将惊人的结局暴露了。”
答案：A
【例7】 （2002年上海，39）The shopkeeper gave us ______ weight:we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.
A.scarce B.short C.light D.slight
剖析：本题考查固定短语。short weight意为“斤两不够;缺斤少两”。
答案：B
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