初中英语知识点总结(集锦12篇)由网友“铁木须”投稿提供,以下是小编为大家准备的初中英语知识点总结,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
篇1:初中英语常用知识点总结
被动语态
初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。其中被动语
态是初中英语学习的重点和难点。被动语态特点和用法。
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时
例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done现在完成时
例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done现在进行时
例:A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done一般过去时
例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.
5) had been done过去完成时
例:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in
Beijing.
6) was/were being done过去进行时
例:A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done一般将来时
例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done过去将来时
例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)
例:The project will have been completed before July.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。
例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主
语,其余不动。
例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught
smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+ 副词”等,也可以用
于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例:The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
如何使用
1)如何使用被动语态;
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。
例:My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
2)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示”据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think等可以用于句型”It+ be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+ be+过去分词+to do sth.“。
有:It is said that... 据说,It is reported that.. .据报道,
It is believed that...大家相信,It ishoped that..大家希望,
It is well known th...众所周知,It is thought that...大家认为,
It is suggested that.. .据建议。
例:lt is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
3)谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read ,write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例:This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较: The door won't lock. (指i ]本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门,指“I ]没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如: happen, last, take place, break
out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:Your reason sounds reasonable
4)非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need, want, require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含
义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy tobe read.)
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较: I' II go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些”形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5.在too... to.. .结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6.在there be...句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确。)
7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例:Who is to blame for starting the fire?
秋风,唱给田野动听的歌
初中英语知识点总结:句型结构 初中英语语法中,有很多特殊句型结构,牢记这些句型结构,以后再运用上就可以得心应手。下面是初中英语重点句型结构总结,希望能帮助到大家。
1、see,hear,notice,find,feel,listen to,look at (感官动词)+ do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.2、 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越……3 、a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 补:a place of interest 名胜4、 agree with sb. 赞成某人5、 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一种/样6、 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 、along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去The students planted trees along with their teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树。
8、 As soon as 一……就……
9 、as you can see 你是知道的
10、 ask for ……求助 向……要……(直接接想要的东西) eg: ask you for my book
11 、ask sb. for sth. 向某人什么12、 ask sb. to do sth. 询问某人某事ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事
13、 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen. I am at the age of sixteen.14 、at the beginning of … ……的起初;……的开始15、 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day16、 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 补:at least 至少
17、 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 、be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 、be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原) 能够……eg: She is able to sing. She can sing. 补:base on 以……(为)根据
20、 be able to do sth. 能够干什么 eg: She is able to sing.
21、 be afraid to do (of sth. 恐惧,害怕……eg: I'm afraed to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog.22 、be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视。I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允许看电视。
23 、be angry with sb. 生某人的气 eg: Don't be angry with me.
24、 be angry with (at) sb. for doing sth. 为什么而生某人的气
25、 be as … 原级 … as 和什么一样 eg: She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。
26 、be ashamed to
27 、be away from 远离
28、 be away from 从……离开
29 、be bad for 对什么有害eg: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。30、 be born 出生于
31、 be busy doing sth. 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth. 忙于……
32、 be careful 当心;小心 be close to … 离……很近
33、 be different from … 和……不一样
34、 be famous for 以……著名
35 、be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 、be from = come from 来自eg:He is from Bejing. He comes from Bejing.Is he from Bejing? Does he come from Bejing?37 、be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 、be glad + to do/从句 做某事很高兴
39 、be going to + v.(原) 打算,计划,准备……40 、be good at(+ doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41、 be good for 对什么有好处eg: Reading aloud is good for your English.42、 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43、 be helpful to sb. 对某人有好处eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you. 大声朗读对你有好处。Exercising is helpful to your bady. 锻炼对你的身体有好处。
44、 be in good health 身体健康
45、 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46、 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47、 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 、be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.
49 、be mad at 生某人的气
50、 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 补:be made in 在……生产或制造
51、 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52、 be not sure 表不确定
53、be on a visit to 参观
54、 be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎 补:be please with 对…感到满意
55、 be quiet 安静
56、be short for 表……的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57、be sick in bed 生病在床
58、be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb. eg: I am sorry for you.
59、 be sorry to hear that
60、be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you.
61、be strict in doing sth. 严于做某事 eg: He's strict in obeying noles
62、be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves. 这些学生对自己不严格。
63、be strict with sb in sth. 某方面对某人严格
64、 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65、 be sure 表确定66、be sure of doing sth. 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67、 be sure of sth. 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher). 我相信我的大脑(老师)。
68、be sure that sth. 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test. 我相信他能通过考试。69、be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well. 我们一定能学好英语。
70、be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕……
71、 be terrified to do sth. 害怕做某事
72、be the same as … 和什么一样
73、be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸习惯早起。He is used to sleeping in class. 他习惯上课睡觉.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work. 他习惯努力工作
74、be worth doing 值得做什么
75、be (feel) afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of sth. 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76、because + 句子 because of + 短语
eg: He was late because he had a headache.
He was late because of his headache.
77、begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start … with … = begin … with … 以……开始……eg: Let's begin the game with the song. I begin to go home.
78、between … and … 两者之间
79、borrow sth. from sb. 向……借……
lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借给……什么东西
eg: I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me (he lent me a pen).
80、both = the same (as) = not different (from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb. to do sth. 补:both … and … ……和……都
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站。The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 这个问题困扰了我几个周了。
He's bothering me to lend him money.
82、by the end of 到……为止
83、call sb. sth. eg: We call him old wang.
84、care 关心
eg: Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来。
85、catch up with sb. 赶上某人
86、chat with sb. 和某人闲谈 take sb. to + 地点 带某人去某地
87、come in 进来
88、come over to 过来
89、come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90、communicate with sb. 和某人交流
91、consider + doing 考虑做……eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg: She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。
93、decide to do sth. 决定做某事
94、do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95、do better in 在……方面做得更好
补:do well in 在……方面干的好96、do wrong 做错补:droup off 放下(某物)97 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘了做某事。98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词. 不要介意……。99、each + 名(单)每一个……100、end up + doing
篇2:初中英语知识点总结
初中英语知识点总结1
介词
一些容易混淆的介词
1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别 at主要表示:
(1)在某具体时刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。
(2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。
On用来表示“在„„天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。 in用来表示:
(1)在某年、某月、某季节。
(2)在—段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。
注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。
2. 表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别 (1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。 (2) at 所指范围不太明确,in指“在„„里”。 (3) in指在内部,on指“在„„之上”。
3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别 for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点。
4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别 before与by都可表示“在„„之前”,但by含有“不迟于„„”、“到„„为止”
的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。
5.over与above(under与below) over,above都表示“在„„的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过„„”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如: There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds.
初中英语知识重点2
形容词
形容词即是表示人或物的特征、性质或状态,修饰名词或不定代词的词。
1) 作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后
但少数形容词只能作表语如:alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well等 eg: I have something important to tell you. Don’t be afraid. 2)作表语,放在系动词之后
eg: He looks happy.
3)作宾语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。
eg: You must keepyour eyes closed.
2.某些形容词说明事物之间的关系、方位,时间、用途等,不能用程度副词来修饰,也没有比较等级的变化,如the same, different,southern, northern, Chinese,Japanese等
3.形容词的名词化
某些形容词放在定冠词后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad, rich/poor,young/old, deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等 eg:The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。
4.形容词的排序
顺序:限定词+数量形容词(序前,基后)+性状形+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料 如:two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘
5.名词变形容词的方法:
1) 后加y/ny; cloud-clody,sun-sunny
2) 后加ern, west-western,
3) 表称谓诶和表示时间的名词后加ly, friend-friendly
4) 表物质的名词,后加en/y, wood-wooden, salt-salty
5) 表抽象意义的名词后加ful/y/less, care-careful/careless, luck-lucky, 6) 表示大州与国家的名词后加n, Aisa-Aisan
初中英语知识点3
副词
作状语,作定语,作表语,作宾补
1.副词的排列顺序
1)时间,地点副词,小单位在前,大单位在后
2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词
注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词
副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
2副词比较等级
其变化规则与形容词比较等级变化规则相同。 但副词的最高级前一般不加定冠词the.
3辨析:
1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far
how long: “多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段提问,常对“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”进行提问。
how soon: “多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常对“in+时间段”进行提问。
how often: “多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常对“once,twice,three times a week”等提问。 how far: “多远”,对距离提问。
2)hard和hardly
hard “努力地,辛苦地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词。 hardly :“几乎不”,是否定副词。
3)much too 和too much
much too “非常,极其,太” 修饰形容词或副词原级 too much “太多” 修饰不可数名词
篇3:初中英语知识点总结
1 see、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2(比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I’m afraed togo out at night I’m afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I’m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowedto watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don’t be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 befriendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg :Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filledwith 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I’m like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He’s strict inobeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed todo 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He isused to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let’s begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I’m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He’s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don’t you care about this country’s future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don’t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: Theprisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the bookinteresting
109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to gohome I forget closing door
112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: Fromme for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = geton well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 getready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for mathI am ready for math
118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦
119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I havenothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth one’s sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否=wether eg: I don’t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句 eg: I’ll go to LuZhou if it does’t rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east东 )
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加 eg : They’ve increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +(名 ) 代替 eg: I’d like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj ofsb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important tome
163 It's time to do sth It’s time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have class It’s time for class 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: Iwant to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others Welanghed at the joke
172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from LeiFeng
174 learn to do sth 学做某事
175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : Weshouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to makefriends with you
183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my stepmoller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must madeyour bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词
194 must be 一定
195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry anymore He cried no more 他再也不哭
篇4:初中英语知识点总结
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1、表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2、如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:Children's Day。
3、在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4、无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5、双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
篇5:初中英语知识点总结
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1、表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2、如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:Children's Day。
3、在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4、无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5、双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。
一、主动语态改成被动语态方法 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
二、被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
常见考法
对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。
典型例题:CCould you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry, I have no idea.
A invents B invented C is invented D was invented
解析:题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”,发明收音机是过去的事,所以用过去时,排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除B
答案:D
误区提醒
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”,这一点我们必须注意。
典型例题:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.
A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
解析:这是济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to。
答案:A
[最新初中英语知识点总结]
篇6:初中英语知识点总结
初中英语
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够……
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的`气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
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39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
篇7:初中英语知识点总结
1. be supposed to do . 应该 如: We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展 表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposed to
2. shake hands 握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做
如:She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。(没有去)
4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 如:
They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很=very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事 如:
She has made plans to go to Beijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门
We just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9. after all 毕竟 终究 如:You see I was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 如:
Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起 挑选 如:He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事 如
He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向
16. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒,棍
chopstick 筷子 是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,通常用复数形式:chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事 如:
He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)
19. be different from 与…不同 如:
Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20.get/be used to sth.习惯于…
get/be used to doing习惯于…
be used to do 被用于做…
be used for doing 被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做… 如:
I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了
I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有:find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开 切碎 如:Let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces 做鬼脸
28. face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学 如: I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。
篇8:初中英语知识点总结
1.There be结构
a.这是英语中常见的一种结构,表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别,它的含义是“所有,属有”,其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.
b.There be结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。
c.There is a river near our school.
否:There is not a river near our school.
问:Is there a river near our school.
回答:Yes,there is.No,there isn’t.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?
⑵What’s near our school?
d.there be结构的一般将来时,同学们较难掌握,其正确形式为:there is going to be
e.反意疑问句的构成:There is no water in the glass,is there?
①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.
A.have B.watch C.be D.play
②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.
A.be B.have C.be on D.on
2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复,英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。
a.So+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.
So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.
b.Neither+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语,表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.
Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan,either.
c.So+主语+be(助动词,情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.
B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.
3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了
4.祈使句+and(那么)...
5.祈使句+or...否则...
eg.Work hard,or you will fall behind the other students.
=If you don’t work hard,you’ll fall behind the other.
6.The+比较级...,the+比较级...越...越...
eg.⑴The more,the better.越多越好。
⑵The harder you work on it,the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功,你就越好。)
7.How do you like the film?=What do you think of the film?(你认为这部电影怎样?)
8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?
虽然中文为怎样,我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book?
B:I’ve just returned it to the library.
9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?
I don’t know how to do.×10.What...be like?...是什么样的?
eg.⑴What’s the weather like?天气如何?
⑵What’s your school like?你们学校是什么样的?
11.What...for?为何目的?为什么?
eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
12.one of+最高级+复数最...之一
eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
13.find it+形容词+to do
eg.I find it useful to learn English well.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find+宾语+名词eg.I find him a good boy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)
find+宾语+形容词eg.I find the door open/closed.(我发现门开/关着)
I find our bags filled with/full of presents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)
14.I don’t think+肯定句我想...不
eg.I don’t think I’ll take it.(我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg.I prefer fish to chicken.=I like fish better than chicken
eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school.=If you go straight on,you’ll see a school.
16.had better do sth.最好干某事.
否定:had better not do sth.
特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.
eg.You’d better catch a train.
You’d better not talk in class.
You’d better not be late for the class.
17.It is good(nice)of+宾格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English.(你教我英语真是太好了)
18.It takes sb.some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)
=sb.spend some time on sth.(in)doing sth.
eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.=I spent half anhourin doing the work.
19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物cost sb.钱
pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.
eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.
=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.
=The coat cost me thirty yuan.
20.have been to某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿
sb.have been in+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)
have gone to某人已去某地,人不在这儿
21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…“太…而不能”“太…以致于不”
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry.这篮子太重我拿不动。
②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了,买不起。
⑵so...that如此...以致于...
上面的too...to结构的句子,可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。
①The basket is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
②This colour TV is so expensive that we can’t afford it.
22.What’s the population of...?...人口有多少?
不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large
eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA
23.I’ve come to return your pan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Why have you come?而不用What
24.not...until(连词)方才,才
eg.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。
肯定句+until到
eg.You’d better wait until tomorrow.(你最好等到明天)
25.neither...nor...既不...也不...
either...or...或者...或者...
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word“hundred”.
Either you or she is right.(谓语动词就近原则)
both...and...两者都...
eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One(主语看作复数)
初中英语重点短语整理
1.put down放下shut down把…关上cut down砍掉
come down下来、落下slow down减缓、放慢sit down坐下
write down写下get down下来,降落
2.after all毕竟.终究after that于是.然后day after day日复一日地
one after another相继.挨次soon after不久以后the day after tomorrow后天
3.come up with找到、提出catch up with赶上wake up弄醒、醒来
send up发射open up开设、开办grow up长大
pick up拾起、捡起hands up举手eat up吃光
clean up打扫干净give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事
4.arrive at/in+n.到达get to+n.到达reach+n.到达arrive/get+adv.到达
5.get…back退还,送回去.取回give back归还come back回来
at the back of在…的后面on the way(back)home在回家路上
6.at least至少at breakfast早餐时at desk在桌前at once立刻,马上at school在上学at the same time同时at work在工作588.es
be good at=do well in善长laugh at嘲笑not…at all一点也不at first起初
at night在晚上at noon中午at the age of//when sb.was…years old在…岁时at last/in the end/finally最后、终于at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初
at the end of在…终点、结尾at the moment/now现在at the foot of在…脚下at Christmas在圣诞节at any moment任何时候at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔at the doctor’s在医务室be bad at不善长
7.for example例如for ever永远be good for对…有益be bad for对…有害for long=for a long time长期for short简称be short for是…的简称
TV is short for“television”
8.come true实现come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来come on赶快come over过来come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来
9.even though=even if即使、虽然、尽管
10.be pleased with对…感到满意be covered with被…覆盖
be expected to do sth.被期望做某事be proud of以…自豪
speak highly of称赞be afraid of害怕hear of听说(hear from sb.收到某人的来信)of cause=certainly当然可以plenty of=a lot of许多
11.by the way顺便说by oneself单独,独自by the end of到…为至
by the time(引起时间状语从句)到…的时候one by one依次
by air/plane乘飞机by bus/train/car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车
(catch a bus赶公交车get on/off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to…by bus乘车去)
12.do/try one’s best尽力do one’s homework做家庭作业do(the/some)shopping购物
do the cooking烹饪do some cleaning打扫
do the/some washing洗衣服do sport做运动do with sb/sth.处理well done干得好
13.early in the morning一大早in the early spring初春in my early days我幼年时期early bus早班车
14.make a contribution to贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb./ring sb.up/give sb.a call/phone sb.给某人打电话connect…to…把…与…连接起来be close to靠近(某地)
give birth to生(孩子)lose to sb输给sb.
15.either…or…或者…或者..on either side of the stree t街道任何一边
(on each side of the street街道每一边on both sides of the street街道两边)
16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth.坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)practise doing sth.练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事)
17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一事)go straight along沿着…一直往前走
go down下降,go for a walk散,go over复习go shopping买东西,go to the cinema去看电影
go well进展顺利,go off to动身前往,go out外出,go to work去上班,go up上升,
want a go想试一试
18.think about考虑(think of认为、想起、考虑、想到think over仔细考虑think out想出)
talk about谈论,worry about担心,How/What about…?…怎么样?
19.borrow…from…从…借….(lend…to…把…借给…)from door to door挨家挨,
from time to time时时from now on从今以后from then on从那以后
be different from与…不同learn…from…向…学习
20.get dressed穿衣get into进入get/be lost丢失get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从…出来get ready for+n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡(be asleep睡着)get warm变暧get well康复get a chance有机会、得到机会
21.look for寻找wait for等候look after=take care of照看look like看起来像
look over检查,复习look out小心,从里向外看look the same看起来一样
look up向上看,查单词,look around环视look forward to期望look through温习,检查
22.set off出发、动身put off推迟keep off避开、不靠近…drop off放下(某物)
turn off关jump off跳离,take off脱(衣)(飞机)起飞
23.half a kilo半千克half an hour半小时in half分成两半half of the day半天
24.do eye exercises做眼保健操do morning exercises做早操
take(more)exercise(多)参加体育锻炼an exercise book练习本588.es
25.take part in参加hand in上交in hospital住院in surprise吃惊地in the sun在阳光下in trouble处于困境in a minute/moment马上
26.leave for…动身去某地
27.feed on以…为主食live on继续活着base on以…为根据carry on坚持、继续下去and so on等等on the other hand另一方面on foot步行
28.be famous for以..著名be excited about+n./V-ing对…感到兴奋be interested in对…感兴趣be born出生be busy with sth.—be busy doing sth.忙于…be amazed at对..感到惊讶
29.make sure确信make a dialogue编对话make a mistake犯错误by mistake由于疏忽make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends(with)和..交朋友make room for给..让地方make tea沏茶make money赚钱make a decision作出决定
30.used to do sth过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
31.forget to do sth.忘记做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
32.hear sb.to do(doing)sth.听见某人做某事
33.help sb.(to)do sth.//help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事with one’s help在某人的帮助下with pleasure乐意
34.in the first第一for the first time第一次at first起初a firs t language母语first of all首先
35.leave a message for sb.给某人留条give/take sb.a message给某人捎口信
36.take photos/pictures照像take away拿走take out取出work out算出
take care当心take medicine服药take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急take a walk散步take place发生
37.learn by oneself/teach oneself自学learn by heart背熟
38.have a try尝试,努力try out尝试、试验find out/about找出,查明have a good/wonderful/great/time玩得开心have a(bad)cold(重)感冒have a meeting/walk/watch开会/散步/比赛have sports进行体育活动
have nothing/sth.to do with与..无(有)关have no idea不知道
have(one’s)medicine服药
39.win first prize获一等奖
40.all over the world=around the world=throughout the world全世界
41.all kinds of各种各样的
42.neither…nor既不…也不…
43.not only…but also…不但…而且,both…and……和…都
44.the more,the better越多越好
52.all one’s life一生
53.as soon as一…就…as soon as possible尽可能早地、尽快as well=too也
as much as至多as little as至少regard…as把…当作…as if好像
54.no matter无论…
55 ever since从那以后,此后一直
56.so far到目前为止or so大约
57.three times a week一周三次
58.the number of…的数量a(large/good)number of/large numbers of/many许多
59.less than少于less and less越来越少
60.not…until…直到…才…
61.feel like+n./V-ing想要would like to想要
62.wash away冲走run away逃跑take away带走
63.before long不久long before/ago很久以前for long=for a long time长期
no longer=not..any longer不再
64.more or less=about或多或少大约more than=over多于,超过
65.every year每年every four years每隔四年every other day每隔一天
66.next to紧挨着next door隔壁,邻居next year明年next time下次
67.receive/get/have a letter from sb.=hear from sb收到某人的来信
68.on show=on display展览588.es
69.be filled with/be full of充满…
70.thank to=because of由于
71.some day=one day(将来)某一天all day终日day and night日日夜夜
in a day or two一两天内in the old days从前,旧社会from day to day(day after day)日复一日the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天Tree Planting Day植树节Women’s Day妇女节
72.keep/stop/prevent…(from)doing sth.防止(阻止)…做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
73.a place(places)of interest名胜
74.credit card信用卡
75.point at/to指向
76.by sea=by ship乘船by the sea=on the sea在海边at sea在海上
77.set one’s mind to do sth.一心想做某事
78.See you!再见You see.你知道你明白,你瞧Let me see.让我想想see sb.Off给某人送行see a/the doctor看病see sb.do/doing sth.看见某人做某事
79 some…others一些(人,物)…其他(人,物)one…another一个..另一个(三者或以上)one…the other一个…另一个(总数二个)
80.be worn out穿旧,磨坏check out核实,检查write out写出
take sth.out of从…拿出/取出某物
81.in this way用这种方法in a few year’s time几年以后in space在太空
in and out of class在课内课外in the last fifteen minutes在最后十五分钟里
in the second half在下半场later in one’s life在某人后半身in the air在空中
in the open air在户外
82.have been to去过某地have gone to到某地去了
93.be far behind+某人(He is far behind others.他落后于别人)
94.one of+adj.最高级+复数名词
95.take+某物+with+某人(You’d better take an umbrella with you.你最好带上雨伞)
96.prefer to=like…better than宁愿,更喜欢prefer+V-ing(to do sth.)(I prefer doing(to do)it myself.我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would/should等情态动词+prefer+不定式.(I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事),prefer+名词(v-ing)+to+名词(v-ing)(I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球);588.es
prefer+不定式(名词)+rather than+不带to的不定式,(I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里,而不愿乘车),
prefer+名词(代词)to do sth.(We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97.人+spend+time(money)+(in)doing sth.(I spent over two hours(in)finishing my homework.我花了两个多小时完成家庭作业.),人+spend+time(money)+on+名词,(He spent 1,000 on the TV set.他花了一千元买电视机).人+pay+money+for+sth.(He p aid ten yuan for the book.他花了10元钱买那本书.)It+takes(will take,/took…)+sb.+time(money)+to do sth.(It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there by bus.乘车去那里只花你10分钟).物+cost+(sb.)+money,(The dictionary cost me 20 yuan.我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98.do with+sb./sth.(What have you done with the pork?那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99.mind+if从句,(Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?)mind+V-ing,(Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100.what…for?/why…?(What do you learn English for?=Why do you learn English?)
101.need+名词(v-ing),(The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)
102.“be used for+名词(v-ing),”被用来做..(A writing brush is used for writing.)“be used as+名词”,被作为…使用(English is used as the first language in none of these countries.)“be used by+动作执行者”,被…使用
103.be made of由…制造(This table is made of wood.这张课桌是木制的)
be made from由…制成(This kind of paper is made from wood.这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点,“某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany)
be made by+人,“由谁制造的”(This kite is made by Kate.)
104.more developed countries发达国家less developed countries不发达国家
developing countries发展中国家
105.be worth+money(V-ing),值…钱.值得做…This car is worth more than two million yuan in China.This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106.the Summer Palace颐和园Tian’anmen Square天安门广场the Palace Museum故宫the Great Hall of the People人民大会堂the Temple of Heaven天坛
the Great Green Wall绿色长城PLA中国人民解放军PRC中华人民共和国
the Party中国共产党the League共青团Peking Opera京剧
107.so+形/副+that从句(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter.这地方太冷,冬天什么都不长)so+many/few+复数名词+that从句(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow.他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything.她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it),such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it),such+形容词+复数名词+that从句.such+形容词+不可数名词+that从句(It is such fine weather today that many children are playing outside)
108.tell sb about sth.告诉某人关于某事tell sb+从句tell sb.to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie说谎tell a story讲故事thank you for+n./V-ing谢谢你
…too+adj./adv.+to+v.太…而不能too much(修饰名词)太多,过分
much too(修饰adj./adv.)太
109.hope/wish+不定式(或从句),wish sb.to do sth.What do you mean by…?=What does…mean?…是什么意思?
篇9:初中英语知识点总结
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够……
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
篇10:初中英语知识点总结
一、名词
1.可数名词
可数名词是指能计数事物名称的词,包括个体名词和集体名词,有单、复数形式。复数名词构成法如下:
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es(除stomach)。
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要变y为-ies。但以元音字母加y结尾时直接加-s。 以f或fe结尾的名词须直接加-s的,如:beliefs,roofs,proofs,gulfs,chiefs,safes,serfs。变f或fe为-ves的,如:knives,leaves,halves,wives,lives,thieves.wolves,shelves,loaves。注意handkerchief的复数可直接加-s。也可变f为-ves。
以o结尾直接加-s,如:zoos,pianos,kilos,photos,autos,radios。加-es,如:Negroes,heroes,potatoes。
复数不规则的名词,如:man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,ox—oxen,child—children,tooth—teeth等。
单复数形式一样的名词,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,means,works等。
2.不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词。 以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词一般用做单数。
某些以-s结尾的表示单一事物的专有名词常用做单数。
3.名词的所有格
(1) “’s”所有格。一般名词后加“’s”。如:Tom’s brother’s bag。
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,在名词右上方加“’”。如:the workers’organization。 以-s结尾的专有名词所有格,若以读音[Z]结尾,一般可在名词右上方加“’”,也可加“’s”。如:Dickens’/Dickens’s cup。
如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只有后一个名词加“’s”;如果不是共有的,两个名词后都要加“’s”。如:Tom and Mary’s room(共有);Mary’s and Tom’s cups(不共有)。
(2) 表示无生命东西的名词,通常采用of+名词的结构来表示所有关系,总的来讲of所有格是’s所有格的一种替换形式。如:the class—room of the school。
(3) 表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“’s”来构成所有格。如:today’s newspaper。
二、冠词
1.不定冠词a,an
表示one或every。如:You have a mouth。
表示某一类人、事或物,相当于any。如:A spade is a tool。
用于某些固定词组中。如:a bit,a lot of。
泛指某人或某物。如:A boy is waiting for her。
用在rather,many,what等词之后。如:You are rather a fool。
注意:名词以元音音素开头时,前面若加不定冠词,要用“an”。
2.定冠词the
表示上文已提到过或下文将要提到的人或事物。如:I am very interested in the book。
表示独一无二的人或事物。如:the world,the sun,the moon,the earth。 用在序数词、形容词最高级及对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。如:the young,the second story,the largest room。
用在以-ese,-ch,-sh等结尾和表示国家、党派等专有名词前,以及在江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。如:the Communist Party of China,the Changjiang River,the Great Lake。
用在方位名词前以及某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。如:in the west,on the right。
用在形容词前表示一类人。如:the young,the dead。
在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。如:The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table。
用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物。如:The horse is a use-ful animal。 在艺术、文娱活动名称前通常用定冠词。如:go to the cinema。
3.不加冠词
(1) 一般专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前不加冠词。如:America,
China,Shanghai Railway Station。但是当一个抽象名词或物质名词被限定时,前面加the。如:The milk in the bottle has gone bad抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示其特殊性质或类别的修饰词,指概念的“一种”、“一类”、“一次”等时,用不定冠词。如:After a swim,he had a rest。
(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。如:This book is mine。
(3) 季节、月份、日期、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。如:Summer is the warmest season of the year。如果月份等被一个限定性定语修饰,就要加冠词。如:Jack joined the Army in the spring of 。
(4) 表示语言学科名称、球类运动的名词前一般不用冠词。如:He is studying French in Paris。但是在the Chinese language,the English lan-guage等中要用定冠词。
(5) 在以“普通名词或形容词最高级+as”开始的让步状语从句中,前面不加冠词。如:Shortest as he is。
三、数词
1.基数词
(1) 21~99之间的二位数由十位数加个位数再加连字符构成。如24可写成twenty-four。
(2) 101~999之间的三位数由hundred加and再加二位数或末位数构成。加489可写成four hundred and eighty-nine。
(3) 表示确切数目时,基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion不加s。如several hundred,ten million。但是表示不确定数目时,要用复数形式。如hundreds of。
(4) 表示“在几十年代”用“in+the+逢十的数词复数”。如in the1980s或80’s。
2.序数词
一般由基数词加-th构成,前面一般加定冠词the。如the two hundredth。 以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,把y改成i,再加-eth。如the fiftieth。 不规则的序数词有first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。
3.其他几种数词
(1) 分数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于l时,分
母的序数词要用复数形式。如
11/3读做three and two thirds
1/3读做one(a)third;
但1/2读做one(a)half,1/4读做one(a)quarter。
(2) 小数点读做point;“零”读做zero;带小数点的数字从左至右依次读出。如0.2读做zero point two。
(3) 百分数读做percent。如17%读做seventeen percent。
四、代词
1.人称代词
人称代词的主格做主语;宾格做宾语或表语。
2.物主代词
物主代词有两大类,一般形容词性物主代词做定语;名词性物主代词做主语、宾语和表语。
3.反身代词
反身代词由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成
如:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves
反身代词在句子中可充当宾语、表语和同位语。
4.疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,what等。疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,可用做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
5.指示代词
指示代词表示单数的有this,that;表示复数的有these,those。用法如下:
(1) 在句中做主语、宾语和定语。
(2) this(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that(those)指时间和空间上较远的人或物。
6.不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多,
用法和侧重点略有不同,介绍如下。
(1) one,some与any的区别:one作为不定代词可以泛指任何人,还可以替代名词词组或名词词组中的中心词,其复数形式为ones;some表示肯定意义,一般用于肯定旬;any表示否定或疑问意义,多用于疑问、否定句中。
(2) each与every的区别:each通常用来指小到两个,强调个别,可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语;every则通常指三个以上的人,强调整体,相当于汉语的“每个都”,在句中只做定语。
(3) none与no的区别:no(not any)在句子中做定语;none在句中做主语或宾语,代替不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
(4) other与another的区别:other可用于单数和复数,泛指“另外的”,做定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用;others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物”,但不是全部;the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,做定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方中的“全部其余的”;the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”;another指不确定的另一个,三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”、“再一…”、“另一个”,做代词或形容词。
(5) both与all的区别:both指两个人或物;all指三个以上的人或物。两者在句中都可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
(6) either与neither的区别:either表示“两个中的任何一个”;neither表示“两个中的任何一个都不”。两个词都表示单数。
五、形容词和副词的比较等级
比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
1.原级用法
① 表示被比较双方在某一方面相等或相同时, 用as + adj / adv + as结构, 表示“…和…一样” 。如:
a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.
b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
② 表示被比较双方在某一方面不相等或不同时, 用not as / so + adj / adv + as, 表示“…和…不一样”
a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.
b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
2.比较级的用法
① 对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如: This picture is more beautiful than that one.
② 表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如:
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如:
He works even harder than before.
注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语),the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。如:
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤ 不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥ 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,
而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧ 倍数表达法。
(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
如:The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. 如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
3.最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如: He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
六、情态动词
情态动词表示的是说话人的态度,没有人称和数的变化,虽然其本身具有一定的词汇意义,但不能独立使用。它与其后边的动词原形构成谓语。具体用法如下:
1.can和could的用法
表示智力或体力方面的能力或表示客观的可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。
2.may和might的用法
表示可能、允许。表示请求、允许时,might比may客气些。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。
用May I…征询对方许可,在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,特别是在现代口语中,用Can I…征询对方意见更为常见。
用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
表示推测、可能(不用于疑问句)。
3.must和have to的用法
(1) 表示“必要的”must问句,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
(2) 表示“可能性很大的“推测,结构为“must be+表语”,它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。
(3) must和have to表示“必须”时,意思很相似,但应注意下列几点区别: must表示的是说话人的主观看法;而have to则往往强调客观条件的作用。 must一般只有现在时;have to则有更多的时态形式。
must可以表示推断;而have to则不能表示推断。
询问对方的意愿时应用must。
二者的否定意义大不相同。must not表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告,意为“绝不可以”、“不准”、“不允许”。don’t have to意为“不必”。
4.shall和should的用法
shall用于第一人称时,表示说话人征求对方的意愿,用于第一、第三人称疑问旬中时,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求,用于第二、第三人称时,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允许或威胁。
should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to。在疑问句中,通常用should 代替ought to。
5.will和would的用法
(1) 表示请求、建议时,would的语气比will委婉。
(2) 表示意志、愿望和决心时用will。
(3) 表示过去习惯用would,比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
(4) would表示估计或猜想。
七、动词
动词是表示动作或状态的词,有时态、语态、语气和数等形式上的变化。
1.动词的时态
时态是动作或情况发生于不同时间时,谓语动词的不同形式。英语动词常用的有8种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。
(1) 一般现在时
表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作及现在的状态、特征、普通真理或事实。
在时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来。
表示按计划、规定要发生的动作或要做的事。
表示状态和感觉的动词常用一般现在时,不用现在进行时。
书报的标题、小说等的.情节介绍常用一般现在时。
(2) 一般过去时
表示过去的动作或状态。
表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。
(3) 一般将来时
表示将来要发生的动作或将要所处的状态。其表达形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外,还有以下几种:
“be going to do”表示即将发生的或最近打算做的事。
“be to do”表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。
“be about to do”表示即将发生的动作,意同be ready to do sth.,后面一般不跟时间状语。
go,come,move,leave,stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。 在日程计划安排方面,也可以用某些动词(如:go,leave,start,stay等)的一般现在时表示将来。
(4) 现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be+现在分词”构成。另外,“系动词+介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。
表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如:have,be,hear,see,like等)一般不用进行时。
(5) 现在完成时
由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况:
表示的动作在说话之前已完成或刚完成,但对现在有影响。
表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在。
还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。
(6) 过去进行时
表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间进行的动作,由“was(were)+现在分词”构成。
(7) 过去完成时
过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成。表示过去某一时刻以前完成的动作或状态。 表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。
(8) 过去将来时
表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would。
2.被动语态
(1) 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动语态,由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。
(2) 一些特殊的被动结构如下:带情态动词的被动结构。如:This work can be finished in a week。
带不定式的被动结构。如:The homework needs to be done with care。
八、介词
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。常用于名词词组和其他与之相当的结构之前,表示类似成分的关系。
1.介词构成
(1) 简单介词是南一个单词构成的介词,可分为3类:
①普通介词:如at,by,for,from,in,of,on,to,with等,这里列举的9个介词是英语中最常用的简单介词,它们约占介词使用率的92%;
②合成介词:如onto,within等;
③分词介词:如including等。
(2) 二重介词是由两个简单介词连用而构成。如from behind,until after等。
(3) 短语介词是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。一般说来,这个短语的最后一个词是简单介词。如in front of,because of等。
2.几个常用介词的区别
(1) at,in,on和by表示时间的区别在于:at表示时间的单位最小,通常表示时间的某一点、某一时刻等。如:at four o’clock。也可指某个节日或一年中发生大事的日子。如:Her grandfather died at seventy-two。
in表示某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节,以及泛指的上午、下午和傍晚等)内。如:He was born in 2002。
on表示具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如:某节日、星期几以及在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上,也可表示“准(时),按(时)”等。如:on New Year’s day。
by表示“不迟于,在(某时)前,在……前,在……的时候”。如:I don’t like travelling by night。
(2) near,by,beside均表示“在……附近”,但它们之间有所区别:
near表示相对的“近”,实际距离可能还很远。如:Tianjin is near Beijing。 by和beside都表示“靠近”,实际距离不可能很远,beside比by更具体地表示出“有……旁边”的意思。如:He was sitting beside her。
by还可表示“尺寸、距离”。如:They escaped death by inches。
(3) at,in和on均表示地点,但它们之间有所区别:
at表示较小的地方。如:She shall wait for you at the station。
in表示较大的地方。如:She lives in Beijing。虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。机构的组织用at,机构所在的地方用in。如:He is at college及He is in the college today。
on表示在某个物体上面,意为“在……上”。如:She put the glass on the table and sat on the chair。
(4) in,to和on都用在方位名词前,但它们之间有所区别:
in表示在某范围之内。
t0表示在某范围之外的地方。
on表示“毗邻”、“接壤”。
(5) above,over和on均表示“在……上”但它们之间有所区别:
above表示在物体上方,不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。如:He keeps his head above water。
over表示在物体的正上方,其反义词是under。如:There is a lamp o-ver the desk。 on在物体之上,表示与表面接触。如:He put a book on the desk。
篇11:初中英语知识点总结
初中英语知识点总结新人教版
a great/good many: a large number of许多。修饰可数名词复数。
I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙,我有很多事要做。
若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时,应加of .
①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。
②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。
able(可以的,有能力的,可能的)
①He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。
disable:有残疾的,不能干的;the disabled表示一类人(残疾人)
able作词辍时
①可以……的,值得……的(有被动含义)
eatable可食用的,measurable可以测量、估计的;readable可读的
②其他含义:conformable舒适的、安逸的;suitable 合适的,恰当的
above,over,on
三个词都可以表示“在……上“,但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触;over表示在某物体垂直的上方,含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意,与under 相对;above表示位置高于,但不一定垂直,与below相对。注意:与数字、数量、长度词连用时,多用over,同more than。如:over10,000people一万多人;表示年龄、刻度多用above,如a man above fifty五十开外的人;above zero零度以上。
习惯用语:well above average远在一般以上;above sea-level海拔以上;the one above上面的一个;above all首先,尤其重要的是;over there 那边; all over 遍及;over again 再一遍;over and over再三地
[应用]介词填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.
②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.
④The moon was______the trees in the east.
Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above
above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是
after all 到底,毕竟
at all (用来加强语气)与not连用,表示“一点也不,完全不”。
in all 总共
all but 几乎,差点没(=almost,nearly)
①We have all but finished the work.
②The day turned out fine after all.
③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.
④He wasn’t at all tired.
⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的,确实)?
⑥There were twenty in all at the party.
accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故,特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说,显得不很重要,指“小事件”,它还可以用来表示“事变”,如叛乱、爆炸等。如:
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.广播员正在播报时事新闻。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中,他严重受伤。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事,有个人和售票员打了起来。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你听说过“西安事变”吗?
admit vt.①接纳,许可……进入(allow sb./sth.to enter)
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was wea must admit the task to be difficult.
advice建议;劝告。是不可数名词,“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提(关于……的`)建议;忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征求(某人的)意见。
①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.关于如何学好外语,马克思给我们提了些好建议。
②If you take /follow my advice,you’ll pass the exam.如果你听从我的建议,你会考试及格的。
③Let’s asr teacher for some advice.咱们征求一下老师的意见吧。
admire(= respect / praise)vt.羡慕,钦佩,夸奖
admire sb.(for sth.)佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.
去北京的游人极其羡慕我们的故宫。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
别忘了夸奖孩子。
对比:envy(= jealous)vt.嫉妨,羡慕
envy sb.(sth.)嫉妒/羡慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我们都很羡慕你的好运。
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事(suggest不这样用)。
①I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。
②—What do you advise me to do?你建议我怎么办?
—I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心,继续干。
advise 还可同suggest一样,后接名词、代词、动名词(短语)和that从句(用虚拟语气)作宾语。
①—What would you advise?你有什么建议吗?
篇12:初中英语知识点总结
形容词
形容词即是表示人或物的特征、性质或状态,修饰名词或不定代词的词。
1) 作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后
但少数形容词只能作表语如:alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well等 eg: I have something important to tell you. Don’t be afraid. 2)作表语,放在系动词之后
eg: He looks happy.
3)作宾语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。
eg: You must keepyour eyes closed.
2.某些形容词说明事物之间的关系、方位,时间、用途等,不能用程度副词来修饰,也没有比较等级的变化,如the same, different,southern, northern, Chinese,Japanese等
3.形容词的名词化
某些形容词放在定冠词后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad, rich/poor,young/old, deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等 eg:The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。
4.形容词的排序
顺序:限定词+数量形容词(序前,基后)+性状形+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料 如:two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘
5.名词变形容词的方法:
1) 后加y/ny; cloud-clody,sun-sunny
2) 后加ern, west-western,
3) 表称谓诶和表示时间的名词后加ly, friend-friendly
4) 表物质的名词,后加en/y, wood-wooden, salt-salty
5) 表抽象意义的名词后加ful/y/less, care-careful/careless, luck-lucky, 6) 表示大州与国家的名词后加n, Aisa-Aisan
★ 初中英语教师总结
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