高二英语必掌握知识点总结（通用18篇）由网友“永远不知道”投稿提供，下面就是小编整理过的高二英语必掌握知识点总结，希望大家喜欢。
篇1：高三英语必掌握知识点
一、重要单词用法例析
1. below prep. & adv. 在……下面，低于
Do not write below the line. 不要该横线下写字。
I live on the floor below. 我住在下一层。
2. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中于，专注
I tried my best to concentrate my thoughts on the problem. 我努力让自己集中思想在这个问题上。
3. meanwhile adv. 在此其间，与此同时
The train won’t leave for an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才开，其间我们可以吃中饭。
Tom was at home studying. Meanwhile, Jon was out playing. Tom在家学习，与时同时Jon外出玩耍。
搭配：in the meanwhile同时，在此期间
In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine. 在这期间我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。
4. gifted adj. 有天分的; 有天赋的
He is a gifted musician. 他是天才音乐家。
5. seldom adv. 很少
There is seldom snow in Guangdong. 广东很少下雪。
He seldom goes out on Sundays, does he? 星期天他很少出去，对吗?
Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。
注意：(1)其后的反意疑问句用肯定式;(2)位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装。
6. occupation n. 职业;占用，占据
Teaching is me occupation. 教书是我的职业。
The old house is under my occupation. 这所旧宅现已为我所有。
辨析：occupation表示职业，较为正式，常用于表格;work工作，不可数名词;job职业，可数名词，可指单独一个任务，也可指工作职位;profession工作，是指需要特别技能/训练和高等教育的工作;trade是指手艺工。
7. eager adj. 渴望的，热切的
She is eager to go home. 她很想回家。
He is eager for a computer. 他渴望有台电脑。
辨析：be anxious to do sth 急于做……(强调着急)
8. acquire vt. 获得，取得
She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。
9. deny vt. 不认，拒绝
He denied telling me. =He denied that he had told me. 他否认他告诉过我。
注意：后接动词作宾语时，只能用-ing形式。
10. employ vt. 雇用，使用
We employed a cook. 我们雇用了一个厨师。
How do you employ your spare time? 你是怎样利用你的空余时间的?
He is employed in watering the flowers. 他正忙于给花浇水。
11. cover vt. 盖，遍布，走，采访
The Red Army covered 500 kilometers one day. 红军一天要行走500公里。
All the papers like to cover the affairs of the famous persons. 很多报纸喜欢报道名人的韵事。
二、词组句型用法例析
1. accuse … of… 控告某人犯某罪
I accused Donny of stealing money. 我控告Donny偷盗。
2. so as to (do sth.) 为了……
We got up early so as to catch the first train. 我们早起以便坐上第一班车。
辨析：so as to…不能位于句首，此时可用in order to…
In order not to be late for school, we must get up early. 为了上学不迟到，我们须早起。
3. defend…against… 防卫……免受……
Our duty is to defend our country against the enemies. 我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。
4. have a nose for sth. 有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网
That reporter has a nose for news. 那位记者对新闻特别敏感。
5. the same…as…./such…as…
He is such a kind man as all like. 他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)
注：在定语从句中，先行词中包含有the same, such, so等时，要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。
比较：He is such a kind man that all like him. (that不作任何句子成分)
三、课文长句难句剖析
If the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight.
剖析：being interviewed是现在分词的被动式做定语，修饰the person，相当于定语从句who is being interviewed;不定式短语to make sure that…作目的状语;句中的straight是副词，意为“直接地”。
译文：如果得到被采访人允许，我们有时使用小型录音机，保证我们能够直接记录下全部事实。
四、语法知识归纳
1. 全部倒装
就是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装通常用于：
(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首时
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首时
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
篇2：高二英语必修二必掌握知识点解析
paper复数：papers。paper，作名词时意思是“纸;论文;文件;报纸”，作及物动词时意思是“用纸糊;用纸包装”，作不及物动词时意思是“贴糊墙纸;发交通违章传票”，作形容词时意思是“纸做的”。
papers基本含义
n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;
v.贴壁纸;
paper的第三人称单数和复数;
I had papers relating to the children which my wife and I had to sign.
我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻子签字。
原型：paper
paper基本含义
n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;
v.贴壁纸;
He wrote his name down on a piece of paper for me.
他把他的名字写在一张纸上交给我。
第三人称单数：papers
复数：papers
现在分词：papering
过去式：papered
过去分词：papered
高二变化的大背景，便是文理分科(或七选三)。在对各个学科都有了初步了解后，学生们需要对自己未来的发展科目有所选择、有所侧重。这可谓是学生们第一次完全自己把握、风险未知的主动选择。以下是小编给大家整理的高二英语必修二必掌握知识点解析，希望能帮助到你!
篇3：高二英语必修二必掌握知识点解析
省略
(有个表格：见英语选修6附录)
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。
2、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
回答反义疑问句时，若事实是肯定的，用yes回答;若事实是否定的，就用no来回答。例如：Let’s go swimming，shall we?Yes，let’s go。
祈使句的反义疑问句
(1)祈使句的反义疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：Pass me the book，will you?
(2)Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反义疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：Let’s go for a walk，shall we?
(3)Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反义疑问句为“will you?”。如：Let us go for a walk，will you?
(4)其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：Listen to me，will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如：Have a cup of coffee，won’t you?
祈使句的反义疑问句形式
(1)Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用we表示，问句用shall we或shan't we。如：Let's have a cup of tea,shall we(shan't we)
(2)Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求，问句用will you或won't you.如：Let me have a rest,will you(won't you).
注意：回答Let's～的反义疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.
(3)其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句，使语气变得客气一些.如：Have a rest,will you.
基本类型
在祈使句后面跟反义疑问句，主要有以下几种类型：
1.用will you
Keep that door closed,will you?你让那门关着好吗?
Serve out the rice,will you?你来给大家盛饭，好吗?
2.用won’t you
Drive carefully,won't you?开车要小心些，好吗?
3.用would you
Come this way,would you?请您走这边，好吗?
Open a window,would you?你打开一扇窗，好不好?
篇4：高二英语必背知识点总结
1.一般现在时：
一般现在时大多用动词原形来表示。Behave在人称和数上应按自己的变化规则与主语保持一致。其他动词若其主语是第三人称单数，则应按动词第三人称单数的变化规律变化。
(1)表示主语现在所处的状态及所具备的特征、性格、能力等。 Eg:They are both tired and hungry.
(2)表示习惯性的，反复出现的动作与状态。
常用时间状语：always often sometimes now and then every day
(3)表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Eg:The earth moves around the sun.
(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句表示将来的动作。
Eg:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go climbing.
(5)表示按规定预计要发生的动作，只限于go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等。
(6)在某些以have,there开头的`句子中，用动词go,come的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
Eg:Here comes the bus!
2.现在进行时：
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作;
(2)表示即将发生的或按计划安排好的动作，多限于go,come,start，leave,return,arrive,stay,fly等表示运动方向的动词，句中往往有表示将来的时间状语。
(3)少数动词如go,come,leave,arrive,return,begin,do,die,lose等现在进行时可以表示预计即将发生的动作;
(4)表示反复发生的动作。
3.以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词：
以-ed结尾的形容词用来描述人的精神状态或人对事物的态度或感受;以-ing结尾的形容词有“令人......的”意思，常用来指物。
高二上学期英语知识点
表示时间的介词
(1) in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。
如： in July/summer/20_/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的.一天的某个时间段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3) at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。
如：at six o'clock, at Easter
(4) over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。
如：Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for与since：for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度，为“长达……”之意;since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有since时间短语的句子要用完成时，但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。
篇5：高二物理必掌握的重点知识点分析
一、电磁波的发现
1、电磁场理论的核心之一：变化的磁场产生电场
在变化的磁场中所产生的电场的电场线是闭合的(涡旋电场)◎理解:(1)均匀变化的磁场产生稳定电场
(2)非均匀变化的磁场产生变化电场
2、电磁场理论的核心之二：变化的电场产生磁场
麦克斯韦假设:变化的电场就像导线中的电流一样,会在空间产生磁场,即变化的电场产生磁场
◎理解:(1)均匀变化的电场产生稳定磁场
(2)非均匀变化的电场产生变化磁场
3、麦克斯韦电磁场理论的理解:
恒定的电场不产生磁场
恒定的磁场不产生电场
均匀变化的电场在周围空间产生恒定的磁场
均匀变化的磁场在周围空间产生恒定的电场
振荡电场产生同频率的振荡磁场
振荡磁场产生同频率的振荡电场
4、电磁场：如果在空间某区域中有周期性变化的电场,那么这个变化的电场就在它周围空间产生周期性变化的磁场;这个变化的磁场又在它周围空间产生新的周期性变化的电场,变化的电场和变化的磁场是相互联系着的,形成不可分割的统一体,这就是电磁场
5、电磁波：电磁场由发生区域向远处的传播就是电磁波.
6、电磁波的特点：
(1)电磁波是横波,电场强度E和磁感应强度B按正弦规律变化,二者相互垂直,均与波的传播方向垂直
(2)电磁波可以在真空中传播,速度和光速相同.v=λf
(3)电磁波具有波的特性
7、赫兹的电火花：赫兹观察到了电磁波的反射,折射,干涉,偏振和衍射等现象.，他还测量出电磁波和光有相同的速度.这样赫兹证实了麦克斯韦关于光的电磁理论，赫兹在人类历首先捕捉到了电磁波。
二、电磁振荡
1.LC回路振荡电流的产生：先给电容器充电，把能以电场能的形式储存在电容器中。
(1)闭合电路，电容器C通过电感线圈L开始放电。由于线圈中产生的自感电动势的阻碍作用。放电开始瞬时电路中电流为零，磁场能为零，极板上电荷量。随后，电路中电流加大，磁场能加大，电场能减少,直到电容器C两端电压为零。放电结束，电流达到、磁场能最多。
(2)由于电感线圈L中自感电动势的阻碍作用电流不会立即消失，保持原来电流方向，对电容器反方向充电，磁场能减少，电场能增多。充电流由大到小，充电结束时，电流为零。接着电容器又开始放电，重复(1)、(2)过程，但电流方向与(1)时的电流方向相反。
2、有效的向外发射电磁波的条件：(1)要有足够高的振荡频率，因为频率越高，发射电磁波的本领越大。(2)振荡电路的电场和磁场必须分散到尽可能大的空间，才有可能有效的将电磁场的能量传播出去。
3.采用什么手段可以有效的向外界发射电磁波?
改造振荡电路——由闭合电路成开放电路
三、电磁波的发射和接受
1、电谐振：当接收电路的固有频率跟接收到的电磁波的频率相同时，接收电路中产生的振荡电流，这种现象叫做电谐振。
2、调谐：使接收电路产生电谐振的过程。通过改变电容器电容来改变调谐电路的频率。
3、检波：从接收到的高频振荡中“检”出所携带的信号
四、电磁波与信息化社会
1、电视
简单地说：电视信号是电视台先把影像信号转变为可以发射的电信号，发射出去后被接收的电信号通过还原，被还原为光的图象重现荧光屏。电子束把一幅图象按照各点的明暗情况，逐点变为强弱不同的信号电流，通过天线把带有图象信号的电磁波发射出去。
2、雷达工作原理
利用发射与接收之间的时间差，计算出物体的距离。
3、手机
在待机状态下，手机不断的发射电磁波，与周围环境交换信息。手机在建立连接的过程中发射的电磁波特别强。
五、电磁波谱
1.光的电磁说
(1)麦克斯韦计算出电磁波传播速度与光速相同，说明光具有电磁本质
(2)电磁波谱
电磁波谱无线电波红外线可见光紫外线X射线射线
产生机理在振荡电路中，自由电子作周期性运动产生
原子的外层电子受到激发产生的
原子的内层电子受到激发后产生的原子核受到激发后产生的
(3)光谱①观察光谱的仪器，分光镜②光谱的分类，产生和特征
2.发射光谱连续光谱产生特征
i由炽热的固体、液体和高压气体发光产生的由连续分布的，一切波长的光组成
ii明线光谱由稀薄气体发光产生的由不连续的一些亮线组成
iii吸收光谱高温物体发出的白光，通过物质后某些波长的光被吸收而产生的在连续光谱的背景上，由一些不连续的暗线组成的光谱
3、光谱分析：
一种元素，在高温下发出一些特点波长的光，在低温下，也吸收这些波长的光，所以把明线光波中的亮线和吸收光谱中的暗线都称为该种元素的特征谱线，用来进行光谱分析。
4、电磁波与机械波的比较:
i共同点：都能产生干涉和衍射现象;它们波动的频率都取决于波源的频率;在不同介质中传播，频率都不变.
ii不同点：机械波的传播一定需要介质，其波速与介质的性质有关，与波的频率无关.而电磁波本身就是一种物质，它可以在真空中传播，也可以在介质中传播.电磁波在真空中传播的速度均为3.0×108m/s，在介质中传播时，波速和波长不仅与介质性质有关，还与频率有关.
5、不同电磁波产生的机理
无线电波是振荡电路中自由电子作周期性的运动产生的.
红外线、可见光、紫外线是原子外层电子受激发产生的.
伦琴射线是原子内层电子受激发产生的.
γ射线是原子核受激发产生的.
频率(波长)不同的电磁波表现出作用不同.
红外线主要作用是热作用，可以利用红外线来加热物体和进行红外线遥感;
紫外线主要作用是化学作用，可用来杀菌和消毒;
伦琴射线有较强的穿透本领，利用其穿透本领与物质的密度有关，进行对人体的透视和检查部件的缺陷;
γ射线的穿透本领更大，在工业和医学等领域有广泛的应用，如探伤，测厚或用γ刀进行手术.
篇6：高三语文必掌握的知识点总结
(一)、现代文：鉴赏与评价
写作：1、立论与驳论2、论据的选择与运用3、综合运用多种表达方式4、准确评论典型人物5、内容有意境
修辞的方法
古文
复句
(二)、文学作品中的意境论说文的解读没有形成系统的方法作文没有自己新颖的思想和主题，写不出优美的句子议论文没有说服力，写作过程中没有发散性思维，过于呆板
失分点：现代文的赏析和理解古文的解析诗歌的鉴析写作深度及广度
(三)、系统提高现代文及文言文阅读能力，特别是解题能力，
巩固文言诗句的知识点。背诵名句、熟记作家作品及相关文化文学常识。写作要确保观点鲜明准确，论据要有力。
(四)、特点：
临近高考，作文作为语文学科中重头戏的角色日益明显;时间有限，考生在时间和精力上略为紧张。
问题：
高考压力骤增，积累不够的学生写起作文来捉襟见肘;程式化痕迹过于明显，有些学生完全照搬模式，照抄别人作文，不考虑具体情况。
对策：
帮助学生找模版作文，找高考范文，但是一定要让学生真正消化，不能简单照搬;针对近年来出卷特点对时下热点焦点话题进行汇总，希望学生能提前对相关问题有所发挥。
(五)、
一、古文阅读
学生存在的问题及原因：
常见的实词、虚词、句式不能很好的掌握和判断。不能灵活运用课本上所学的知识点。
应对策略：
(一)读题：分三步。
(二)审题：在完成阅读步骤的同时一定注意审好题。
(三)解题:(以高考文言文阅读为例)
1.词语解释，
2.信息筛选题。
3.内容理解题和上题接近，除了看人物、时间、地方等有没有弄错，还得关注人物的言行、主张等，看有没有添加、删改、遗漏等。强调和原文的呼应、吻合。
4.赏析评价题，要看作者的态度和文段的背景。
5.注意人物形象的发展和变化。
6.翻译题还是强调这五个字：留、替、移、补、删。另外别放过关键词。
二、诗歌阅读
学生存在的问题及原因：
学生读不懂诗歌，不能用自己的语言准确答题。不会联系作者知人论世。
应对策略：
(一)、明确诗歌语言美的几个方面
(二)、明确古诗中常见语言的特点
(三)、把握词性的改变，体会诗人所炼之“意”。
(四)、读懂一首诗词的基本程序：理解每字→填全空白→依托知识→把握意象→描述意境→统观全诗→理解主旨。解诗句——看明示——品意象——感意境——析手法——识典故，最终判断诗的思想感情。
(五)、诗词中常见的思想情感，表达方式，结构形式，修辞手法，表现手法，语言风格。古诗鉴赏题，大体上可以归纳出六种问答模式。
1、分析意境型2、分析技巧型3、分析语言型4、炼字型5、一词(句)统领全诗型6、观点不同型
三、现代文阅读
学生存在的问题及原因：
①学生不会读文章，缺乏做题技巧。
②不能用准确的语言回答问题，答案眼点不全，答得多得分。
应对策略：
①教给学生阅读文章的方法，精明的读，提取一级信息，剔除二级信息，了解设题陷阱。解题步骤：科技文的三步操作法：定向，寻踪，筛选。
②应试技巧：树立一种观念;具备两种心理状态;明确三个步骤。审题的方法：审清题目内修饰语的的隐性信息;审准题目内中心语的隐性信息;审明题目分句的主要意旨。
解题思路：
1.从整体上把握作品。2.抓文章的筋骨。3.学会利用题目间的信息互通。4.文题对照，圈定范围。
从“三种思路”入手：把握文体的行文思路，了解考者的命题思路，掌握正确的答题思路。
文意概括的规范思路：a、化繁为简b、化实为虚。文字表述的规范思路：a、照抄式b、重组式c、提炼式d、拼接式。
篇7：高二英语知识点总结
1. put forward: 提出(计划、建议等);将…提前;把钟表拨快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。
【词语联想】
- put away: 收起来;贮存，储蓄
- put down: 放下;写下，记下
- put off: 推迟;延期
- put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戏剧)e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
- put up: 张贴;撑开(帐篷)e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷
2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定(conclusion: n. 结论)
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。
【习惯用语】- draw a conclusion 作出结论
3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜; 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。
◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome
- defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
- conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature
- overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties
4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席;参加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾;看护。
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你?
3)to go with 伴随
e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。
5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
- be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任
Who is to blame for the mistake?这个错误应归咎于谁?
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition.
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.
◆ 区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside
- in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。
- except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.
- besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。
- beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。
同义句转换
1)He speaks French as well as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. announce: 公布;宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。
9. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。
2)专心于
- be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。
10. challenge n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗
vt. 向...挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
篇8：高二英语知识点总结
1. consist of = be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时)
e.g. The UK consists ofGreat BritainandNorthern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 区别:
- separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来)
- divide...into 把…分开 (把整体分为若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separatesTaiwanfrom Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;阐明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】- link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考;查阅;询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 关系到;关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……”
常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语+宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (会谈)破裂，失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
- break in 闯入;打岔
- break off 中断，折断
- break into 闯入
- break out 爆发;发生
- break up 驱散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不仅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数 n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
篇9：英语高二知识点总结
英语高二知识点总结
1. cultural relics 文化遗产
Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.
博物馆展出了许多出土文物。By definition the capital is the political and cultural center of a country. 根据定义,首都是一个国家的政治文化中心。
2. rare and valuable 珍贵稀有
It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.
这样的天才现在很少见。
The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable. 这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。
3. in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for
He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险.
He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。
4. in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格
These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones. 这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。
5. popular
She is popular at school. 她在学校里很受人喜欢。
This dance is popular with young people. 这种舞很受青年人喜爱。
6. …a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. 用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。
decorate with 以...装饰
7. be designed for …为……而设计
by design 故意地
My brother designs to be an engineer. 我弟弟立志要当工程师。
This room was originally designed to be my study. 这间屋子原预定做我的书房。
His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy. 他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。
8. belong to 属于
We belong to the same generation. 我们属于同代人。
9. in return 作为回报/报答/交换
in turn 依次地，轮流的;转而，反过来
10. a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends. 他被一群朋友围住了。
11. become part of… 变成……的一部分
It is part of the way we act.
它是我们行为表现的一部分。
12. serve as
作为，用作，充当，起作用
The room can serve as a study. 这间房子可作书房用。
13. a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
14. Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
have sth done
请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
15. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 ( I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted. 我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)
16. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing. 可悲的.是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。
I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。
We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。
a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字
There is a page missing. 缺少一页。
Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.
17. be at war 处于战争状态,交战
18. remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走
He removed the mud from his shoes. 他去掉鞋上的泥。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture. 这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。
19. in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里
20. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。
There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.
There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China. 这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。
There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.
21. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明?
remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外
These matters remain in doubt. 这些事情仍然值得怀疑
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way. 他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
22. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. 通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。
23. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels. 一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。
24. without doubt 无疑地，确实地
He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.
他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.
25. the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队
26. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.
那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。 take apart 拆卸，拆开
Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away. 玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。
27. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。
28. rather than
胜于，而不是
Tom rather than Jack is to blame. 该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。
I prefer to read rather than sit idle. 我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。
We aim at quality rather than quantity. 我们的目的是重质不重量。
29. by the light of the moom 借助于月光
30. for oneself 亲自，独自地
One should not live for oneself alone. 一个人不应只是为自已活着。
31. To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….
32. I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room. 我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。
33. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。
34. do with 处理，忍受，对付
I can't do with his insolence.
我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度
What do they do with the coin?
他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的?
35. take notes of 记录，把……记下来
Please take notes of the important while you read. 请边读边把重要的事情记下来。
36. Read the information that is provided for the visitors. 阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。
They provide us with food. 他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
It's wise to save some money and provide for the future. “积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。”
He has a wife and seven children to provide for. 他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。
37. It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。
38. for fun 为了消遣，为了开心
He plays violin just for fun.
他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。
篇10：高二英语知识点总结精选
一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (对等)
注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
_注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语， 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错)
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表语
主语是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三、动词不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)
想要学习早打算( want learn plan)
快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供选择(agree offer choose)
决定了 已答应(decide be determined promise)
尽力去 着手做(manage undertake)
别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)
失败不是属于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
_注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
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篇11：高二英语知识点总结
Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组
1.Medical studies show that AIDS virus cannot be transmitted via the following routes：cups，glasses，toilet seats，swimming pools，mosquitoes，other insects or blood donation.(P.49)
2.AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)
3.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)
4.People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex，by receiving infected blood transfusions or，as in Xiaohua's case，through birth.(P.51)
5.Xiaohua's mother contracted the HIV virus when she was 28，and she died of AIDS only three years after Xiaohua was born.(P.51)
6.The disease is spreading faster in Africa and parts of Asia，mainly because of a lack of proper health care，prevention and education.(P.51)
7.The drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to find.(P.51)
8....but she does not let that knowledge discourage her.(P.51)
9.She also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them up.(P.51)
10.The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from.(P.52)
11....that can persuade hospitals and companies to allocate more funds for AIDS research and education.(P.52)
12.Xiaohua has learnt to live with HIV and the fact she will eventually get AIDS.(P.52)
13.Two years ago，Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and had taken samples of my blood.(P.55)
14.Mum held my hand and I saw that she was weeping.(P.55)
15.Cancer is a disease that begins in cells.(P.55)
16.In my body，the production of cells is disrupted.(P.55)
17.Doctors do know that cancer is not caused by injury and is not contagious—it does not spread from one person to another.(P.55)
18.The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment.(P.55)
19.Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.(P.55)
20.Every day is a new opportunity and I have learnt to appreciate every minute of each day.
Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点和语法重点
A.Language points语言点
1.HIV/AIDS is incurable...(P.49)
AIDS is a disease that...leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)
本单元中由前缀或后缀派生出的反义词的小结
2.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)
完成时的动名词的被动式的内涵及用法
3.As with most diseases and disasters，the young suffer the most.
“定冠词 + 形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人”的用法的小结
4.I had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me examined.(P.55)
1)过去完成进行时的内涵及用法
2)“to have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的两个内涵及用法
5.The treatment was successful and I was able to go home after exactly fourteen months，two days and six hours in hospital.(P.55)
was/were able to do与could do在内涵上的区别及各自的用法
6.I have been living with cancer for two years and...(P.55)
现在完成进行时的内涵及用法
Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧
1.Listening：Master the main idea of a long dialogue through the inner connections among the questions so as to have better understanding of the questioned details
从各设问间的内在联系把握较长对话的中心思想，更好理解各检测点的细节
2.Speaking：Talk about deadly diseases and attitudes towards AIDS，cancer，etc.
关于那些致命疾病及对待艾滋病、癌症等的态度的谈论
3.Reading：Make full use of informational words and phrases
充分利用信息词
4.Writing：How to write a personal narrative
如何写一篇个人经历过的叙述性故事
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篇12：高二英语必修五必背知识点总结
句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1.省略主语
Beg your pardon.请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活该(= It serves you right.)
2.省略谓语
Anything the matter? 要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表语
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表语 ready)
4.省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes)
5.省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money)
6.省略状语
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的应用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
篇13：高二英语必修五必背知识点总结
1.English is a widely used language.
2.He threw away the broken cup.
3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 灾区
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
篇14：高二英语必修五必背知识点总结
assist
vt.&vi.帮助;援助;参与;出席
常用结构：
assist sb. in/with sth.帮助(某人)某事
assist sb. in doing sth.帮助(某人)做某事
assist sb. to do sth.帮助(某人)做某事
assist with帮助(照料，做);在……上给予帮助
I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.
有机会我愿随时帮你。
I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager.我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。
The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.
有空时校长会帮忙做很多事。
篇15：高二英语必修五必背知识点总结
句子成分的省略
为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1、省略主语
Beg your pardon.请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right.你活该(= It serves you right.)
2、省略谓语
Anything the matter?要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin.河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3、省略表语
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am后面省略了表语ready)
4、省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze后省略了宾语problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)
5、省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)
6、省略状语
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的应用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..
Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.
过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.
1、作原因状语，等于as/since/because引导从句
Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…
2、作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的'动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。
Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…
3、作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句
Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….
Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…
4、作方式或伴随状语
Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.
Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
5、作让步状语
Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he….
6、独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.
1、Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…
2、Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…
3、Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
Ifweweregivenmoretime,
4、OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,
5、Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,
6、Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,
1、English is a widely used language.
2、He threw away the broken cup.
3、This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
4、Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
spoken English= English which is spoken
terrified people= the people who are terrified
an organized way= a way that is organized
affected area灾区= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles= articles that are printed
篇16：高二英语必修五必背知识点总结
1、impression n.印记;印象;感想;后接of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that从句; My first impression of him was favorable.他给我的第一印象非常讨人喜欢。 I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.他们给我的印象是他们对这个情形不是很开心。
知识拓展：impress v.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;使感动;常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记; It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
2、remind v.提醒;使想起;常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;remind sb.+(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……;使某人想起……;remind sb. about/of sth.使某人想起或意识到……;提醒某人某事I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me?很抱歉，我忘记你叫什么名字了，你能提醒一下吗?
You remind me of your father when you say that.说到那的时候，我想起了你的父亲。
知识拓展：reminder n.提醒物;引起回忆的事物
3、constantly adv.始终;一直;重复不断地Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的;不断的;重复的;
4、previous adj.先前的;以往的;(时间上)稍前的;
No previous experience is necessary for this job.以往的经验对这项工作不是很有必要。
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news.我听到这个消息的时候，我觉得简直令人那以置信。
I had only seen him the previous day.我只在几天前见到过他。
知识拓展：previously adv.先前的;早先
The building had previously been used as a hotel.这栋建筑早些时候被用作旅馆。
5、bend v.(bent bent)弯曲;使弯曲;弯腰;弯身;常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts
to sth.致力于某事bend sb.to sth.迫使;说服bend the truth歪曲事实It's hard to bend an iron bar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。
6、press v.压;按;推;挤;坚持;敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界She pressed a handkerchief to his nose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。 She pressed down hard on the gas pedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。 He is still pressing her claim for compensation.他仍坚持索赔。 The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。
7、switch n. & v.用作名词表示“开关;转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。 She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.她生第一个孩子的时候调整了工作，把全职工作转换成了兼职工作。 Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.按这两个键来转换屏幕上的文件。
I can't work next week, will you switch with me?下周我不想上班，你能和我换一下班。
8、lack n. & v.用作名词，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作动词，表示：“缺乏;短缺;没有;不足”。 a lack of food /money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。 He lacks confidence.他缺乏信心。
知识拓展：lacking adj.缺乏;没有;匮乏;不足
9、surroundings n.环境;surround v.围绕;环绕surrounding adj.周围的;附近的Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.每个人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
10、catch/gain/get sight of发现，看出;lose sight of看不见,忘记; lose one's sight失明;at first sight一见就;乍看起来;at (the) sight of一看见就……;be in sight看得见，在眼前;out of sight看不见At first sight, the problem seems easy.乍一看，这个问题似乎很简单。 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.小男孩一看到老师就跑了。 The island is still in sight.小岛仍然在眼前。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
11、take up：to fill or use an amount of space or time占用(时间);占据(空间);to learn to or start to do sth开始做(某项工作);开始从事;to accept sth. that is offered or available接受(建议或能得到的东西) The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占地儿。 They have taken up golf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。 She took up his offer of a drink.他请她喝一杯，她接受了。 He takes up his duties next week.他下周就要开始履行职责。
12、sweep up打扫;清扫;横扫;涌向;快速地抱起He swept up the baby up into his arms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里
篇17：高二英语必拿下的知识点
1.做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Looking after children is her job.
To clean the classroom is his job today.
2.做宾语：
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.
(1).有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。
He refused to speak on the radio.
He desired to see you.
(2)..有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的“依据往事或经验来作出理解和判断”的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。
短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等
短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.
She can't stand having nothing to do at home.
His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.
All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
It's no good learning without practicing.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.
(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.
The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.
I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.
注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：
A.remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：
Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.
I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.
Don't forget to write to me soon.
I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)
I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.
I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)
B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……;mean doing：意味着，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，
I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
C.stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语;stop doing停止干……，动名词作宾语。
After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.
After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.
D.try：try to do，努力，试图干……事;try doing：试着干……事
He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.
He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.
E.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表示“需要、该……”;接不定式，表示“想，要干……”
The room wants cleaning.
The bike requires repairing.
These young trees require looking after.
The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)
A Mr. Wang wants to see you.
You don't need to leave so early.
F.go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。
go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。
After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.
After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.
G.动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health.
The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.
She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.
Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.
3.做宾补：
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.
I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.
They had the lights burning all night long.
I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.
The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.
Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.
When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.
When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.
4.做表语：
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。
Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)
Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)
The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)
They are very tired after a long walk.
The door is locked now.
The children are well dressed these days.
5.做定语：
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
the boiling water=the water that is boiling
drinking water=water for drinking
Today I have a letter to write.
Please find a man to help us.
It is a good chance to practise your spoken English.
I like reading books written by Lu Xun.
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.
The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.
6.做状语：
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。单独的动名词不能做状语，在介词后形成介词短语，从而做状语。
(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。
The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.
I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.
In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.
(2).时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.
Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.
Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.
Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
(3).原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
I am sorry to hear that you are not well.
I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.
There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted.
Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.
Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.
(4).条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.
United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.
Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.
(5).结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。
现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
He arrived late to find the train gone.
I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.
He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.
His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。
I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.
(6).让步状语：通常有过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.
Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
(7).伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.
She came running towards us.
They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.
He went into the house, followed by some children.
He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.
篇18：高二生物必背知识点总结
1.类脂与脂类
脂类：包括脂肪、固醇和类脂，因此脂类概念范围大。
类脂：脂类的一种，其概念的范围小。
2.纤维素、维生素与生物素
纤维素：由许多葡萄糖分子结合而成的多糖。是植物细胞壁的主要成分。不能为一般动物所直接消化利用。
维生素：生物生长和代谢所必需的微量有机物。大致可分为脂溶性和水溶性两种，人和动物缺乏维生素时，不能正常生长，并发生特异性病变——维生素缺乏症。
生物素：维生素的一种，肝、肾、酵母和牛奶中含量较多。是微生物的生长因子。
3.大量元素、主要元素、矿质元素、必需元素与微量元素
大量元素：指含量占生物体总重量万分之一以上的元素，如C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg。其中N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg是植物必需的矿质元素中的大量元素。C是基本元素。
主要元素：指大量元素中的前6种元素，即C、H、O、N、P、S，大约占原生质总量的97%。
矿质元素：指除C、H、O以外，主要由根系从土壤中吸收的元素。
必需元素：植物生活所必需的元素。它必需具备下列条件：第一，由于该元素的缺乏，植物生长发育发生障碍，不能完成生活史;第二，除去该元素则表现专一的缺乏症，而且这种缺乏症是可以预防和恢复的;第三，该元素在植物营养生理上应表现直接的效果，绝不是因土壤或培养基的物理、化学、微生物条件的改变而产生的间接效果。
微量元素：指生物体需要量少(占生物体总重量万分之一以下)，但维持正常生命活动不可缺少的元素，如Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B、Mo，植物必需的微量元素还包括Cl、Ni。
4.还原糖与非还原糖
还原糖：指分子结构中含有还原性基团(游离醛基或α-碳原子上连有羟基的酮基)的糖，如葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖。与斐林试剂或班氏试剂共热时产生砖红色Cu2O沉淀。
非还原糖：如蔗糖内没有游离的具有还原性的基团，因此叫作非还原糖。
5.斐林试剂、双缩脲试剂与二苯胺试剂
斐林试剂：用于鉴定组织中还原糖存在的试剂。很不稳定，故应将组成斐林试剂的A液(0.1g/mL的NaOH溶液)和B液(0.05g/mL的CuSO4溶液)分别配制、储存。使用时，再临时配制，将4-5滴B液滴入2mLA液中，配完后立即使用。原理是还原糖的基团—CHO与Cu(OH)2在加热条件下生成砖红色的Cu2O沉淀。
双缩脲试剂：用于鉴定组织中蛋白质存在的试剂。其包括A液(0.1g/mL的NaOH溶液)和B液(0.01g/mL的CuSO4溶液)。在使用时要分别加入。先加A液，造成碱性的反应环境，再加B液，这样蛋白质(实际上是指与双缩脲结构相似的肽键)在碱性溶液中与Cu2+反应生成紫色或紫红色的络合物。
二苯胺试剂：用于鉴定DNA的试剂，与DNA混匀后，置于沸水中加热5分钟，冷却后呈蓝色。
6.血红蛋白与单细胞蛋白
血红蛋白：含铁的复合蛋白的一种。是人和其他脊椎动物的红细胞的主要成分，主要功能是运输氧。
单细胞蛋白：微生物含有丰富的蛋白质，人们通过发酵获得大量的微生物菌体，这种微生物菌体就叫作单细胞蛋白。
7.显微结构与亚显微结构
显微结构：在光学显微镜下能看到的结构，一般只能放大几十倍至几百倍。
亚显微结构：能够在电子显微镜下看到的直径小于0.2μm的细微结构。
8.原生质与原生质层
原生质：是细胞内的生命物质。动植物细胞都具有，分化为细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核三部分。主要由蛋白质、脂类、核酸等物质构成。
原生质层：是一种选择透过性膜，只存在于成熟的植物细胞中，包括细胞膜、液泡膜及两层膜之间的细胞质。它与成熟植物细胞的原生质相比，缺少了细胞液和细胞核两部分。
9.赤道板与细胞板
赤道板：细胞中央的一个平面，这个平面与有丝分裂中纺锤体的中轴相垂直，类似于地球赤道的位置。
细胞板：植物细胞有丝分裂末期在赤道板的位置出现的一层结构，随细胞分裂的进行，它由细胞中央向四周扩展，逐渐形成新的细胞壁。
★ 高二英语教学计划
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★ 高二学习计划作文
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