讲易诗（通用6篇）由网友“eieieieiei”投稿提供，下面是小编整理过的讲易诗，希望能帮助到大家!
篇1：讲易诗,讲易诗鲍照,讲易诗的意思,讲易诗赏析
讲易诗,讲易诗鲍照,讲易诗的意思,讲易诗赏析 -诗词大全
讲易诗作者：鲍照 朝代：南北 云泽翔羽姬。
横盖招益人。
贲园无金尚。
履道易书绅。
篇2：易翔诗歌及诗观鉴赏
易翔诗歌及诗观鉴赏
入冬修身书
除了尊重
省去人们之间多余的礼貌
像一棵树脱去枯叶，以便进入季节。
说话时，省去或悲伤或激烈的语气词
它们像堆在门口的早雾
终将散开，没有重量。
和寒冷成为亲密的朋友
我看见有一种形象
从劈开的木头中出现，成为火焰。
然后打扫自己
不留长指甲，头皮屑，衣衫洁净
保持一颗冬天的心，等春风掀开衣角。
和妻子散步
每天晚饭后
我都和妻子在操场上散步
我们聊着鸡毛蒜皮，张三李四
走得很慢很慢
她双手按着的肚子越来越大
我们猜不出是男孩还是女孩
就没有性别地爱着一个人
有时。她戴上耳机听歌
我牵着她的手，沉默地走着
直到天一点点暗下来
我爱这裹紧的夜色
像永恒的良知一样，令人心安
也爱空中星辰的光束
给我遥远的幻想
最后我爱房间里亮起的灯
这尘世的温暖
我们又一步步。缓慢地回去
神迹
微风中吹拂的清晨
天空漏下一串串鸟鸣
太阳正从东方赶来，赴世界的约。
喜悦在一个普通人心中流出
像一只瓢虫似的，偷偷翻过叶子。
这是多么平淡的一天
平淡得就像你脸上的微笑
像我刚刚写下的句子。
而这样的日子。我已经过了多年
从来都没有见过神
只把尘世的美好都当成神的痕迹。
陶罐
请允许我用它来形容你
从大地深处走来，被赋予丰腴的形体
体内的小片天空，盛装雨水、风霜
古老的虚空和哀愁……
其中经年的爱与怨恨
像你不能克服的中药一样
被你反复煎、熬，一生向我们倾吐
那没有上过釉的身躯
多像你从未散发过光泽的青春
（“母亲”，我一叫你就老了）
在时光的敲打中愈发沉闷，终日无言：
你顺受着旧时代、地主、婆婆……
的倾轧，将它们加成命运之和。
如今，你提着它像提着一颗心
随着我们的脚步
摇晃不定，四处担忧。
我们终生都在等待的一声碎裂
一直还没有传来。
以你之名
以你之名，
爱着日月星辰，山岳江河，
爱着这脚下的泥土与花草。
俗世的每一点美，每一点苦。
将万物归序，
然后放回你眼眸的水波。
万物恢复了最初的光芒，
便于我们克己，复礼。
年纪越大，越需要内心的秩序。
我将不再沸腾的血液抚平，
将生死不再置之度外，
而是托付于你手掌的宽阔。
我愿行走于你无声的`旨意，
你用皮袋，收藏我的锋刃与伤口。
父女图
一个下午
她都在玩积木
堆起来，又推倒，又再堆起来
她在这反复的过程中感到了快乐
我的快乐在于
看她忙着这一切
帮她把扔远的积木捡过来
期间还喂了她两次水，几粒葡萄
在诗歌中建立自己。
走神的时候
我会望望远处的树，天上的云
仿佛自己也变成了个孩子
正坐在大自然沉默的怀里
仿佛在我们父女之上、自然之上的苍穹深处
还有一双慈父之眼。正看着我们
书店
下班了，在中学门口的
书店，我掂量着一只暖水袋
付账后，匆匆离去的瞬间
“书店”，这个词卡住了我的脚步。
我想起高中时代
每个周末，都在学校门口的
书店里，久久不能离去。
那是辛苦、枯燥的世界向我
敞开的唯一窗口。
我在那买过杂志、盗版书和磁带
与店主谈起理想，点评人生。
想到这些，我的头脑一阵发热
随手买了本《读者》。
为了再次进入那逝去的岁月。
翻到背面，《读者》
已经从三元，涨到了四元
孤独
母亲来东莞半个月了
这几天，她越来越在家呆不住
有空就推着我两个月大的女儿下楼
我感到好奇，于是
有一次我跟随她，看她去哪里
直到她来到小区里的儿童游乐场
这里很热闹，有许多小孩
鲜花一样，在秋千、木马上玩耍
每个小孩旁边
都有一个和她一样的老人
母亲在一把长椅上坐下
和旁边的妇女攀谈
她练着我从来没听说过的普通话
像个婴孩一样，重新开始学习
篇3：刘易《木兰诗》教学设计
教学目的：
1、理解木兰这个古代巾帼英雄的形象，学习古代劳动人民的爱国精神。
2、体会恰当地进行详略叙述的作用和成功运用排比、对偶、夸张等修辞的表现力量。
教学要点：
1、故事情节和木兰形象。
2、记叙的详略处理
3、对偶和排比
教学设想：
1、这首诗以木兰代父从军为故事核心，在故事情节发展当中运用排比、对偶、夸张等修辞方法描写人物，刻画出了木兰这个古代巾帼英雄形象。课本就诗中的排比句、对偶句组织了课后练习。引导学生扣住故事情节的发展，分析诗篇对人物所作诸多描写的表现力量，把此种练习统一于人物形象分析当中，深刻理解木兰这个人物形象。
2、这首诗叙述详略得当。对此单独进行分析，以免影响分析人物形象的集中。
3、这首诗的语言富有民歌特色，刚健明快，引导学生注意朗读和背诵。
教学课时：
两课时
第一课时
教学重点：
1、字词、字义、朗读、故事情节；
2、木兰代父从军的缘由，准备出征的急切，奔驰征途的思亲。
教学过程：
一、作品及人物介绍
1、简介木兰其人及《乐府诗集》
花木兰是古时河南省虞城县营廓人。女扮男装，代父从军，屡立战功。凯归，帝封官嘉奖，木兰不受，欲纳宫中，以死拒之。唐初，追封为孝烈将军。人们为纪念她，于唐代修建花木兰祠，祠内现存元代立《孝烈将军祠像辨正记》和清立《孝烈将军祠辨误正名记》石碑，详细记载了花木兰的身世、籍贯、业绩及历代修祠情况。近年来，又修复了木兰祠大殿等一大批景点。花木兰祠已收入《中国名胜词典》。
《木兰诗》是南北朝时期北朝民歌的代表作品，选自南朝郭茂倩编的《乐府诗集》（乐府双璧另一：《孔雀东南飞》），属于叙事诗，叙述了古代女英雄木兰代父从军、建功立业的传奇故事，刻画出木兰这个古代巾帼英雄形象。木兰成了家喻户晓的人物。
二、字词注音及解释
机抒：zhù（织布梭子）可汗：kèhán鞍鞯：ānjiān（马鞍下的垫子）辔头：pèi（缰绳）燕山：yān金柝：tuò（打更用的梆子）
胡骑：jì（战马）戎机：róng（军事）著我旧时裳：zhuó（穿）
红妆：zhuāng（装饰，打扮）朔气：Shuò（北方）傍地：bàng（临近，此处引申为贴着）
三、解释句子含义
万里赴戎机，关山度若飞：不远万里，奔赴战场，过关越山，飞速而行。
朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣：北方寒气传送着打更的声音，白色的月光与雪光交织着，映照着明晃晃的铠甲。
将军百战死，壮士二年归：（互文）“将军壮士百战死，将军壮士十年归。”
当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄：（互文）“当窗对镜理云鬓，当窗对镜帖花黄。”
四、朗读全诗
1、师范读，学生注意字词读音、停顿及节奏。
2、生齐读，读准字音及节奏。
3、生自由朗读课文，对照注释理解课文。
五、理清结构
第一部分（1－3段）：写木兰代父从军、踏上征途。
第二部分（第4段）：写木兰经过长期激烈战斗胜利凯旋。
第三部分（5、6段）：写木兰，还朝辞官，功成身退，返回家乡，家人团聚。
第四部分（第7段）：吟唱诗歌的人用比喻赞美木兰。
六、分析第一部分
1、诗篇怎样写出故事的开始？这样写具有什么样的表现力量？
——诗篇由“唧唧复唧唧”引出“木兰当户织”，表明了木兰织布姑娘的身份。“不闻机杼声，惟闻女叹息”，这组对偶句表现出木兰停机不织，只是连声叹息，自然地引出母亲的发问，木兰的回答。富有生活实感，写出了故事的开始。表现了木兰的勤劳孝顺。
2、木兰的答话表明了什么情况？表现了她的什么特点？
——“昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名”，“军帖”的夜传，“十二卷”（虚数）的夸张，表明了军情紧急，显示出战争气氛。“阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄”，父老弟幼，揭示出尖锐的矛盾，表明了木兰代父从军的缘由。“愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征”，表现出木兰基于家庭情况，经过停织叹息的考虑，毅然决定代父从军。表现了木兰的勇敢坚毅、忠孝两全。
3、第三段运用什么修辞方法写出了什么内容？具有什么样的表现力量？
——“东市买骏马，西市买鞍路，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭”（虚指），运用排比修辞方法，铺陈地写出木兰连赴东西南北四市，匆忙购置战马鞍具的情景，表现了木兰准备出征的急切操办而又井然有序。
——“旦辞黄河去……但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾”。但，只。前后四句之间构成对偶并运用了间隔反复修辞方法。“旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头”和“旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边”这两组对偶句之间，间隔反复，层嬗递进，表现出木兰出征的路线，征程的遥远，行军的神速，点明了宿营的荒凉地点；“不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾”和“不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅”之间，间隔反复，紧相呼应，在荒凉夜间环境烘托中，揭示出木兰乍离家乡，思念亲人，离乡愈远，思亲愈切的心情，从而细腻地透露出木兰少女思亲的情怀，活生生地刻画了一位少年英雄女郎的形象，形象地描写出木兰奔驰遥远征途的豪迈气概。
七、布置作业
1、完成课后练习二、三、四。
2、熟读并背诵1－3段。
第二课时
教学重点：1、木兰功成身退，返回家园。
2、人物形象及详略叙述的恰当。
一、复习第一部分二、分析第二部分1、这一部分前两句在诗篇前后段落上有何作用？
——“万里赴戎机，关山度若飞”，是对上段描写的奔驰征途情景高度的、形象的概括，表明由驰抵战场，引到描写战场上的生活和战斗，在诗篇前后段落上起着承上启下的作用。这两句诗，写出征途之遥，夸张地表现出木兰身跨飞驰战马，万里奔赴战场，穿过关隘、飞越层峦的矫健雄姿。
2、后四句运用了何种修辞？有何作用？
——朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣”，两句对偶：凛冽的北风传送着打更的声音，将士们在军中宿营；寒冷的月光照射着明晃晃的铠甲，哨兵们在深夜值勤；在艰苦环境的烘托中，表现出木兰在战场上的艰苦生活，从而烘托出木兰的勇敢坚强。
——“将军百战死，壮士十年归”两句对偶，又是互文，互相渗透：将士们出征十年，经历过上百次激烈战斗，有的战死沙场，有的凯旋归来；写出战斗之多，时间之长，战况之烈，表明了木兰身经长期激战，英勇善战，凯旋归来。
三、分析第三部分
1、这一部分是怎样描写木兰朝见天子的情景的？
——“策勋十二转，赏赐百千强”，夸张，对偶，互相补充，表明天子为木兰记多次功、赏赐甚丰，并且还“问所欲”，意将封任高官；这就有力地衬托了“木兰不用尚书郎，愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡”，表现出木兰功成身退、眷恋家乡耕织生活、不慕荣华富贵的纯真性格、高贵品质。
2、木兰回到家园的情景如何？这样写有何作用？
——“爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将；阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆；小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊”，运用排比修辞方法，铺陈地写出一家亲人因木兰归来而各自产生的符合年龄、身份、性别特征的行动，富有浓郁的生活气息和亲切意味。表现出木兰胜利归来给全家亲人带来了一片欢乐。
——“开我东阁门，坐我西阁床，脱我战时袍，著我旧时裳，当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄”，运用排比修辞方法，铺陈地写出木兰一连串富有年轻女性特征的换装梳妆动作，表现出木兰久征胜利归来，恢复女妆，欣喜兴奋的感情。
——“出门看伙伴，伙伴皆惊忙：同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎”，表现出伙伴看到“木兰是女郎”时的惊诧和赞叹，衬托了木兰在长期从军当中的谨慎和机警。木兰从军的故事也就在喜剧高潮中结束。
四、分析第四部分
这一部分是吟唱诗歌的人在诗篇故事结束以后的吟唱。运用了什么修辞方法？体现了什么样的感情？
——这一部分以双兔为喻，很是风趣；“双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌”，“我”字，具有代木兰说话的意味，体现了对木兰十分亲切和非常喜爱的感情，赞美了木兰在从军十二年中未被发现是女郎的谨慎和机警。
（如有学生把这四句诗归入上一部分，理解为木兰自己的话，认为木兰在这以兔自喻，当中闪耀着风趣、智慧的光芒，体现了喜悦、自豪的感情，也应予以肯定。）
五、木兰形象分析
——木兰是一个女孩子，更是一个金戈铁马的英雄。她勤劳善良，纯朴孝顺，在国家需要的时候，挺身而出，驰骋沙场，为国家尽忠效劳，表现出深明大义、勇敢坚毅，果断的效国忠心和英雄气概。从军十二年，她凭着自己的坚强毅力和机智谨慎，女儿身份一直没被揭穿。在凯旋归来后，她不贪图富贵，甘愿过回简单安定的农家生活。她是我国古代北方优秀劳动妇女的象征。
六、疑难解析
这首诗详写什么？略写什么？诗人为什么这样处理题材？
——这首诗详写木兰的从军缘由、行前准备、征途思亲、凯旋辞官、返回家园；略写战场生活、百战情况。所以这样详略地处理题材，原因在于这首诗不是重在表现木兰怎样作战胜，而是重在表现木兰这个年轻女郎深明大义、代父从军、性格纯真、品质高贵。所以诗中扣住从军故事的始末，着重写她的内心世界，表现她的思想感情，刻画出了这个血肉丰满的年轻女郎英雄形象。在内容上，突出木兰的儿女情态，丰富了木兰的英雄性格，使得人物形象真实感人。在结构上，详略得当，使全诗显得简洁紧凑。这样根据人物特点、诗篇主题来详略地处理题材，非常恰当。
七、诗歌主题
——诗歌叙述木兰代父从军的故事，歌颂了木兰的英雄形象，赞美了我国北方劳动妇女的英雄气概，表达了古代人民渴望和平安定生活的愿望。
八、拓展练习
学生查阅资料，列举我国历史上还有哪些著名的女英雄并作比较
——例：梁红玉击鼓退金兵，穆桂英大破天门阵，红娘子，顾大嫂、孙二娘，扈三娘等。
九、布置作业：
1、背诵并默写全诗。
2、完成《三级训练》上的《木兰诗》习题。
3、做好《语文周报》上的阅读理解题。
十、板书设计
木兰诗
故事情节：（详）母问女答表明缘由毅然代父从军
排比铺陈匆忙购置急切准备出征
反复烘托思亲情切奔驰遥远征途
（略）夸张对偶坚强勇敢长期激战凯旋
（详）夸张衬托功成身退不慕荣华富贵
排比铺陈亲欢伴惊喜剧高潮结束
（略）双兔为喻风趣亲切赞美谨慎机警
木兰形象：（详）勤劳、善良、淳朴、谨慎（女儿情怀）
（略）机智、勇敢、刚毅、忠孝两全（英雄气概）
篇4：英诗中译韶华易逝
英诗中译韶华易逝
Nature's first green is gold,
Her hardest hue to hold.
Her early leaf's a flower;
But only so an hour.
Then leaf subsides1) to leaf.
So Eden2) sank to grief,
So dawn goes down to day.
Nothing gold can stay.
自然的新绿如金，
奈何最是难留。
自然的初芽如花，
绽放却难恒久。
叶叶凋萎，片片散落。
伊甸园沉入悲伤，
黎明沉沦为白昼。
韶华流逝如飞。
1. subside [səbˈsaɪd] vi. 沉淀
2. Eden [ˈiːd(ə)n] n. (《圣经》中人类始祖亚当和夏娃最初居住的)伊甸园
扩展：日常生活中常见的各类零食
饼干 biscuit
棒棒糖 bonbon
茶tea (沏茶make the tea)
话梅 prune candied plum
锅巴 rice crust
瓜子 melon seed
冰棒(冰果)ice(frozen) sucker
冰淇凌 ice cream
圣代冰淇淋 sundae
巧克力豆 marble chocolate barley
布丁pudding
篇5：中学英语易混词汇讲与练
中学英语易混词汇讲与练（高一上）
1．although／though
(1) 一般情况下，两者可换用(although多用于句首)。
(2) 所引导的让步状语从句放在主句前．从句中用部分倒装时，用though(=as)。
(3) 只能说as though(=as if); even though(＝even if)。
(4) though可用作副词,放在句末或句中．表示“然而”“不过”，although不可。
(1) they tried hard, they didn't finish the work on time.
(2) They didn't stop to have a rest they were tired.
(3) He speaks English as he were an Englishman.
(4) Even he didn't tell me anything about it. I know the whole thing.
(5) Child he is, he knows a lot about computers.
(6) He said he would help me with my English; he didn't， .
2．too much／much too
too much后接不可数名词(如果接可数名词用too many)，还可单独使用，用作代词或副词(作宾语或状语)。
much too不可单独使用，后面要接形容词或其他副词可修饰动词。
(1) The car is expensive for a common family in China.
(2) You drank last night.
(3) You eat sugar every day. It's bad to your health.
(4) It's hot today.
(5) What you said is for the girl.
3．holiday／vacation／leave／off
(1) Christmas is a for everybody
(2) The children will take their summer in half a month.
(3) The manager is on
(4) The headmaster gave me a day
(5) I have to ask you for half a day's
4．allow / permit/let/make
allow和permit在许多情况下可以换用，只是词义的强弱有些差别：allow侧重于“听任“ ”默许“ ”不加阻止”；permit强调“正式认可” “批准”的意思。Let椒普通用语；make是“使┅┅”。在使用中还要注意以下几点：
(1) 可以说allow／permit sb．to do不可以说allow／permit sb．doing。
(2) 可以说allow／permit doing不可以说allow／permit to do。
（3）可以说let sb. do sth. 不可以说 let sb. to do sth.
（4）可以说make sb. do sth.不可以说make sb. to do sth.
但要说：Sb. is made to do sth.
1. Students are not allowed ____________(enter)the net-bar.
2. Children are not permitted _____________(watch)this play.
3. Do you allow__________(smoke)in the office?
4. Please let me_____________(introduce)myself.
5. What make you____________(think)I am a farmer?
6. The children are made___________(do)a lot of homework every day.
7. That teacher often too much noise in the classroom.
8. Schools do not smoking.
9. He was angry with me and didn't me into the room.
5．through／across
across(横过、穿过)着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。
through(穿过，从……通过)着重指空间的一头纵穿到另一头。含义与in有关。
(1)A train is running the tunnel.
(2)Don't run the street while the traffic light is red.
(3)There is a shop the road.
(4)I don't think he will live the night.
6．be made from／be made of／be made in／be made into／be made up of
be made of／from意为“由......制成”。用以制造的原材料已改变，在制成品中看不出原材料，用from；原料未改变，在制成品中仍看得出原材料，用of。
be made in指产地，意为“在......制造，由......制造”。
be made into意为“将......制成”。与以上短语不同，它的主语为原材料。
be made up of指“由......组成”。
1. This kind of books is made ________ a kind of paper which is made _______bamboo.
2. The necklace made_______glass instead of diamond is made ______GuangZhou..
3. What can this piece of wood made_________?
4. The club is made_________twenty members.
5. These table are made our factory. They were made wood.
6. Wood can be made tables and other furniture.
7. China is made 56 nations.
7．by bike／on a bike／in a bus
by，in，on用于交通工具时用法如下：
表示旅行方式，不涉及交通工具时用by。如：by air，by water，by sea，by land(road)。
泛指交通工具时用by，表交通工具的名词前不用冠词，不用复数词尾。如：by plane，by bus，by boat，by train。
交通工具前有冠词或物主代词等修饰词时，用in或on如:on a red bike，on／in a bus／train／ship。
交通工具前有起始或到达时间时，也可用by。如：by／on，the 11：00 train。
“骑马，骑骆驼，步行”均用on。如：。n horseback，on a horse，On the camel，On foot。
1.I usually go to school______bus,but this morning I went______my brother’s bike.
2.I went there_______the No.6 bus but came back_______my friend’s car.
8．no one/none
(1) no one用来指人，不能接“短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数
(2) none不仅指人也可指物,其后常接of短语,构成“none of+名词/代词”结构,当名词或代词为复数时,谓语动词用单复数均可.
(3) 回答how many／how much引起的问句用none;回答who引起的问句用no one.
(1) likes a person with bad manners.
(2) of his friends came to help him.
(3) Almost believes him.
(4) of them has/have seen
(5)--How much coal is left? -- .
(6) --Who entered the room? -- .
(7) How many students are there in the classroom? -- .
9．wear / dress / put on / have on / in / be dress in / pull on / with
(1) 强调动作sb．dress sb／oneself sb．put on(衣服、鞋、帽等) sb．pull on(衣服、鞋、帽等)
(2) 强调状态sb. wear(衣服、鞋、帽、手套、眼镜、头发、胡须等。还可接颜色)
sb．have on(衣服、鞋、帽、手套等) sb．be in(颜色、衣服) sb．be dressed in(颜色、衣服)
(3)其他用法pull on表示不经心地、随随便便或匆匆忙忙地穿上／戴上。
wear可用于进行时，有时可用wearing作状语或定语
have on不可用于进行时，也不可用现在分词作状语或定语
in除了同be连用作表语外，还可单独作定语。
dress还可用作不及物动词，指“日常的穿着”。
with只能接眼镜、手套等，用作定语。
(1) She got up late, so she her clothes and went to school in a hurry.
(2)She is a new skirt today. She looks more beautiful.
(3)He is going out. He is an overcoat.
(4)The nurses are all in white.
(5) She her son and sent him to school. Then she herself in a coat and went to work. She always well.
(6)When a person is born, he/she nothing When he/she dies, he/she carries
(7)When did you get the shoes you yesterday?
(8)She likes to black (clothes).
(9)The girl red is our monitor.
(10) The woman teacher glasses English teacher.
10．agree on／agree with／agree to
agree on表示在某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见
agree with表示同意、赞成某人说的话，后接sb．或wh-从句,或表达意见,想法,观点,决定的词(opinion, view, idea, decision)还可以表示“与.....一致,适合”; 此时主语一般不是表示人的词.
agree to后接计划、安排、建议、条件等词(plan, arrangement, suggestion, terms).agree to do。表示“同已做某事”。
(1) I what he said.
(2) After a further discussion, both sides the date for the next meeting.
(3) They didn't each other on that point.
(4) A verb should its subject in number and person.
(5) At last the teacher give him another chance.
(6) Do you the arrangement?
(7) They all the matter.
11．spend／cost／take／pay
(1) sb. spend some time／money on sth．或sb．spend some time/money on sth.或sb. spend some time/money/(in)doing sth
(2) sth. cost sb. some money/time/life/health
(3) It takes sb．some time to do sth．或sb. take some time to do sth或 sth take sb some time to do
(4) sb. pay (sb.)some money (for)sth.
(1) It him three years to write the book.
(= He three years to write the book. The book him three years to write.
= He three years writing the book. )
(2) Every year he a lot of money on books/in buying books.
(3) This dictionary me 100 yuan.
(4) Making experiment like that much time and labour.
(5) Careless driving may you your life.
(6) They have decided to 70 000 yuan for the newly built house.
(7) We'll you in a few days, when I have money.
12．a number of／the number of
a number of的意思是“一些：许多”，相当于many，用于修饰可数名词。它所修饰的名词作主语时，中心词是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of的意思是“......的数量；号码”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the number。如果用作主语，即使后面的名词是复数，谓语也要用单数。
(1)Do you know my telephone?
(2) trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
(3)We have lived here for years.
(4) jobless people grows in the country at present.
(5) students are playing football on the playground.
(6) students in our class is over 70.
13．sound／noise／voice
(1) sound指各种听得见的声音，这种声音可以是悦耳的，也可以是不悦耳的。
(2) noise指各种“噪音；响声；喧闹声”。
(3) voice指人的说话声、歌声或笑声，也可以指鸟鸣声，还可以用于比喻。
(1) I heard a strange in the next room.
(2)She listened to the low, sad of the sea.
(3) The manager must be in the next room. I heard his .
(4)Don't make such a .
(5) The from that factory makes it difficult for me to go to sleep.
(6) travels fast, but light travels faster.
(7)The baby cried at top of his
14．as many as／as much as
as many as意为“多达……，……之多”，常用在人或物的具体数量前，结构为：as many as+数词+复数名词。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数．、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为：as much as十数词+复数名词。
比较:...倍数+as many+复数名词+as；…倍数+as much+不可数名词+as。
(1) 250 000 people lost their homes in the earth quake.
(2)The rain is plentiful here, often seventy inches every year.
(3) At the job, she could earn eighty dollars a week.
(4)The civil war in that country lasted 16 years.
15．prepare／prepare for／get(be)ready
(1) get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①get ready(for sth．)②get sth. Ready ③be ready(for sth)④be ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)
(2) prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
(3) prepare for意为“为......做准备”，for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare常见结构如下：
prepare sth．准备某物(事)；
prepare sth．for sth．为……做……准备
prepare to do sth．准备做某事
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备 ’
prepare sb．for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备
be prepared for sth．准备好应付某事
(1) Mother was busy lunch in the kitchen when I got home.
(2)The doctor told the nurses to the operation at once.
(3) We to do anything for the people.
(4)Will you help me the party?
(5) Please by seven o' clock tomorrow morning.
(6)The teacher is the exam.
(7)The students are the exam.
(8)Will you her for the bad news that is coming?
16．discover／invent／find
discover指“发现”原本存在而未为人所知的东西。discover还作“发现(某种情况)”讲，后面可以接名词、代词、复合宾语、宾语从句；invent指“发明”原本不存在的东西；find指“找到”原本丢失的东西。
(1)Electricity wasn't by Edison, but he the electric light.
(2) Have you the bike you lost last week?
(3) We her to a good doctor.
(4)This kind of machine was many years ago.
17．complete／finish／end ‘
(1)词义方面：finish是一般用语，常用于完成日常活动，有时指“吃完”；complete是较正式的用语；常用于完成预定的任务、工程、建设等，有时含有“使...…变得完整起来”的意思；end是指“结束”或“终止”某项活动，不强调该活动是否圆满完成。
(2)结构方面：finish后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式；complete后接名词或代词；end。后接名词或介词短语。
(3)词性方面：finish和end还可用作不及物动词，complete不可，但是complete可以用作形容词，意为“完整的，全部的”，用作表语或定语。finished可以用作表语或定语。
(1)This term will in July.
(2)When you reading the novel, can you lend it to me?
(3) They the evening with a few songs.
(4) We started off immediately after we 'had our breakfast.
(5) Fill. in the blanks with the missing words and the sentences.
(6)Is the story he told a one?
18．go up／bring up
二者都可以指价格等方面的上升，但是go up为不及物动词短语，不可用于被动，反义词组为go down；bring up为及物动词短语，可以用于被动；反义词组为bring down。
(1) I believe the prices might next week. We can buy some cheap ones then.
(2)Can you get them to the price? We can't sell at such a low price.
(3) The government should take measures to the price of petrol. It's too high.
(4)After the rain, the river keeps
(5) It is too hot these days. I hope the temperature will soon.
19．at one time／at times／at all times／at a time／at no time／at the same time／for a time
(1) at one time(＝once)意为“从前、曾经”。 (2) all times(=sometimes)意为“有时、间或”。
(3) at all times(＝always)意为“一直、随时”。 (4) at a time(＝each time)意为“一次、每次”。
(5) at no time意为“在任何时候都不、决不”。 (6) at the same time意为“同时”。
(7) for a time意为“一度、一段时间”，相当于for some time。
(1) In class you should listen to your teacher _________________, not from time to tome.
(2) We were good friends , but aren't now.
(3)Please give me two books
(4)We couldn't say who came earlier. They almost arrived
(5) You should waste your time playing computer games.
(6)He was a professor of a university in Beijing Now he studies in America.
20．change for／change into／change with
(1) change for...意为“向...方面转化”；change A for B意为“把A调换为B”，有时A可以省略。
(2) change with…意为“随同……改变”；change...with sb．意为“和某人交换”。
(3) A change into B意为“A变化成n，’；change A into B意为“把A变成B”。change into还可表示“换上(衣服)”。
1. I’m sorry to say that I can’t give back your money.I suggest that you________the small one_______a bigger one.
2. In what conditions can water________________vapour.
3. The price of this kind of goods will___________________the seasons.
4. The weather is changing the better.
5. Times change and we should change them.
6. Will you change seats me?
7. He changed his camera a television set.
8. Ice changes water rapidly on hot day.
9. Change the following sentences negative forms.
10. If your daughter doesn't like the color, you can come back to change another.
21．win／beat
beat宾语只能是表示人的词或一个集体，“在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人”应说beat sb．in…。win作“赢”解时，其宾语通常是war，battle，game，match，argument，medal等，不能是表示人的名词。
(1) They do their best to medals.
(2) We their team by 10 points.
(3) Jim Tom by a yard and the race.
(4) Do you know who the Nobel Prize for physics in ?
22．but／however／while
(1) but是连词，连接两个并列的成分或句子，在意义上构成对比，语气比较强。
(2) however(然而、尽管)作副词用时的显著特点是与逗号不可分：置于句首，其后用逗号；置于句中，前后用逗号；置于句末，其前用逗号。however还可以用作连词，引导状语从句，意思是“不管怎样”。
(3) while可以用作连词，连接并列句，表示对两种情况或两个动作的对比，意思是“可是广…而”。
(1)like computer games , I have no time to play.
(2) It's raining hard. , I think we should go out.
(3)He said that it was so; he was mistaken,
(4)She listened to me closely he read something.
(5) hard it may be, do it best.
(6)The girls are dancing the boys are singing.
23．hear／hear of／hear from
(1) hear作“听见、听说、听到”讲时，指亲耳听到。
(2) hear。{意为“听到、听说”。强调从别人那里间接得知。
(3) hear from sb．／a place意为“收到......来信(来电)；得到……消息”。也可以用receive／get a letter from或receive／get one’s letter来表达此义。
(1)I don't know the writer, but I him.
(2) I her sing in the next room.
(3)I he had gone to Britain.
(4)We haven't him since last Christmas.
(5)I haven't my hometown for months.
24．such as／for example
for example作为插入语可以放在句首、句中或句末，放在句首，其后用逗号；放在句中，前后用逗号；放在句末，其前用逗号。
Such as放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后切不可用逗号。
(1) Noise, is a kind of pollution.
(2) I know many students of your school, Wang Ling,
(3) He can speak five foreign languages, German and French.
(4) He knows several languages,, he knows English and Japanese.
(5) Boys __ John and James are very friendly.
25．on the air／in the air／in the open air／by air
in the air意为“在空中，：(问题、计划)未定”; by air＝by plane；in the open air同out doors，指“在户外，在露天”；on the air意为“(用无线电，电视)播送”。
(1) Children should have more sports , which is to great value to their health.
(2) Look. There is a kite flying high
(3) You can pick up the BBC programmers
(4)The film will be shown
(5)Do you travel by train or ?
26．fight for／fight against／fight with
fight for意为“为……而战；为争取......而战”
fight against①接事物名词，意为“为反对…而斗争”。②接人或国家名词，意思是“与…”战斗”。
fight with：①接人或国家名词，表示“与......(并肩)战斗”。②接人或国家名词，意思是“与......战斗”(＝fight against)。
(1) Two dogs fight a hone, and a third runs away with it.
(2)England fought France Germany in the war of 191441918.
(3)They are fighting better working conditions.
(4)They were fighting the enemy to gain their freedom.
(5) They fought the Italians in the last war and against them in this.
27．reply／answer
(1)answer一般用作及物动词，其后接名词或代词作宾语；reply一般用作不及物动词，其后接to时，可以接名词或代词作宾语。
(2)当引述直接引语或后接that从句时，reply和answer可换用。
(3)answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义-；reply不可。如：answer the door bell。
(4)作名词用时，answer意为“答案、回答、答复”，后接to。如the answer(＝key)to the question；reply意为“答复”，后接to。如：the reply(=answer)to a letter。
(1)She failed to to the teacher's question.
(2) my question in English.
(3)We haven't to his letter yet.
(4)No one was able to him a word.
(5)He that he knew nothing about it.
(6) Kate, could you the telephone please?
(7)There is no quick to this question.
28．alone／lonely
(1)词性：alone可以作形容词和副词；lonely只能作形容词。
(2)用法：作形容词时，alone只能作表语，有时作宾补，不能作定语；lonely可以作表语和定语。alone不能用very修饰，而要说much alone，或very much alone。
(3)词义：作表语时，alone的意思是“独自一人”，指的是客观情况；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主观感觉。(4)固定结构：leave／let sb．／sth．alone听任；别打扰；let alone更不用说。
(1)He feels though he has two brothers.
(2)The old man lives in a house in the forest
(3)When he woke up, he found himself in the room.
(4)Though he is at home, he doesn't feel ，for he has many things to do.
(5)The baby can't walk, let run.
(6) Leave the machine . It's dangerous.
29．except／but／besides／except for／but for
(1) 在否定句中，except与besides可换用。
(2) 在肯定句中，except的意思是“除……之外(其余的并不如此)”，因此，except sth．表示“把sth．排除在外”，属否定性质。besides的意思是“除……之外还有(其余的也如此)”，因此，besides sth．表示“把sth．添加在内”，属肯定性质。
(3) except和but后都可接名词、代词、动名词和不定式。except还可接副词、介词短语以及when，where，that引导的句子。
(4) except for一般指整体中存在的不足，但整体是完美的，意为“除了……之外”或“只是……”。
(5) but for等于if it were not for…；if it hadn’t been for．表示“若不是，要不是”的意思，所在的句子常用虚拟语气。
(1)I don't care for anything this.
(2) He answered all the questions the last one.
(3)We all went our teacher. We had a good time with our teacher.
(4) We all went our teacher. He had to attend an important meeting at school.
(5)I know nothing about him that he is from the south.
(6)I won't believe you when the sun rises in the west.
(7)Your composition is good some spelling mistakes.
(8) your help, we wouldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
(9)He did nothing all day play computer games.
(10)We had no choice to obey his order.
30．a bit／a little
(1) 在肯定句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时，可以互换。
(2) 作定语时，它们修饰不可数名词，而a little直接跟名词，a bit要加。of，才能接名词。
(3) 在否定句中意思恰恰相反，not a bit相当于not at all(一点也不)；not a little相当于very(much)(非常)。
(1) In fact, this is bigger than that one because he didn't know the answer.
(2)We can go on with it or have a rest because I'm only tired.
(3)I am tired, so we needn't have a rest.
(4)I am tired, and we must have a rest.
(5)There is only food left for lunch.
(6)There is only of food left for lunch.
31．at the end(of)／in the end／by the end of
at the end(of)既可以指时间，也可以指地点。指时间时，意为“在……末”。
in the end意为“最后，终于”；与finally，at last同义。
by the end of意为“不迟于”，强调“最后时限”，多同完成时连用。
(1) the road there used to be a hospital
(2) last month, they had finished 70 percent of the project
(3) this month he will go to America.
(4) They had a football match with Class 4 yesterday and they won.
32．catch(take)fire／be on fire／put out fire／be out／set sth．on fire
(1) catch／take fire意为“着火”，强调动作，主语为燃烧物。
(2) be on fire意为“着火；在燃烧”，表示状态，主语为燃烧物。
(3) put out fire意为“扑灭火”，表示动作，强调结果，主语为灭火的人。
(4) be out意为“火灭”，表示状态，主语为fire。
(5) set sth．on fire＝set fire to sth．意为“放火烧......”，主语为放火的人。
Yesterday evening a shop near our school for some reason. When the firefighters arrived, it for about twenty minutes. They tried their best to . And at last the fire _________.The police thought someone _______the shop and now they are trying to find out who it
33．alive／live／living
这三个词都有“活着的”意思。alive多用于指人或物，用作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语；live只可指物，仅用作定语；living可指人，也可指物，在句中作表语、后置定语或前置定语。
(1)Who is the greatest man ?
(2) Scientists are keeping a sick milk deer at the center.
(3)She bought a fish.
(4)The people are more important than the dead.
(5)There are some animals on the island.
(6)When we found him ten days later, he was still
34．sick／ill
(1) sick可作表语或定语，作表语时，有时含有“恶心的”“要呕吐的”之意；the sick指一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；
sick可以构成复合词，如：airsick(晕飞机)；seasick(晕船)；car-sick(晕车)；sick还可以构成固定词组，如：be sick for(渴望的)；be sick of(对……厌倦)。
(2) ill作“生病”讲时，只作表语，不作定语；作“坏的”“恶心的”讲时，只能作定语，不能作表语。speak ill of sb．说某人的坏话；ill luck!＝bad luck!意思是“倒霉!"
(1) He spends a lot of money on treating his father.
(2)Don't make friends with a person with a (n) name.
(3) The are taken good care of in this hospital.
(4)Don't speak of him.
(5) She sings badly. When I hear her sing, I feel
(6)The girl is in bed with a cold, and she is for home.
(7) He is always complaining. We are of listening his complaint.
35．steal／rob
(1) steal通常指小偷之“偷、窃”，常用于句型“steal sth．from sb．／sp．”，其宾语通常是物。steal还有“偷偷地走，偷偷溜进”的意思。
(2) rob通常指劫匪或强盗之“抢劫”，其宾语通常是人或处所，所劫之物用“of+物”来表达，常用于句型“rob sb．／sp．of sth．”。
(1) They broke into the room and his case.
(2) He a new bike from the school.
(3) He the girl of her new bike.
(4) He into the room, a purse on the table and then out of the room.
(5) They the bank of a big sum of money.
36．accept／receive
accept表示主观意愿，有“接受、同意、认可、满意”之意。
receive表示客观上“接到、收到”，与主观意愿无关。receive还有“受到、得到；接见、接待”之意。
(1) He told the headmaster that he had an invitation to the meeting and asked her whether he could it.
(2)Our suggestions were at the meeting.
(3) I my parents' letter last Friday.
(4)Where did you your doctor's degree?
(5)We were warmly at the factory gate.
(6) Did they what you told them?
(7)She applied to join the Party and was
37．job／work
(1) job是可数名词，侧重职业。表示某个人“失业”，应说out of a job；表示多个人失业可以说out of a job,也可以说out of job(s)。
(2) work作“工作”解时，是不可数名词。它可以构成很多固定结构，如：go to work(去上班)；be at work(在工作中；在班上)；after work(下班后)；out of work(失业)。work作“著作、作品”解时，是可数名词；表示“工厂；工事；机件”时，常用复数形式。
(1)I'm going to the hospital to see one of my friends after __
(2)She lied to us because she had to in order to get a __
(3)If anyone at __ discover the secret, I shall lose my __
(4)New __are needed because a number of people are out of
(5) The iron __is outside the city.
(6)Something is wrong with the __of my watch.
(7)Have you read the __of Shakespeare?
38． call on／call at／drop in on／drop in at
drop in on／at的意思是“顺便拜访某人或某地”，含有“事先没安排，偶然性拜访”之意。
call on和drop in on后接表人的名词；call at和drop in at后接地点名词。例如：
(1) Yesterday I called at his house but he was out．Tomorrow I’11 go to call on him again．
(2) When l went to Beijing to attend a meeting，I dropped in on him.
(3) His father often drops in at his office when he is free．
(4) This morning we called at the hospital to see if he was better．
填空
(1) He was called from his holiday to deal with the problem.
(2) When they came to visit our school, they called teacher’s house.
(3) Could I call Mr. Cheng ? He has been waiting outside for half an hour.
(4) Call me tomorrow. My telephone number 5362891.
(5) He is ill in hospital. I' II call him tomorrow morning.
(6)The chairman called me to talk about the on the meeting.
39．lie / lay
(1 )lie(lay，lain，lying)．躺、卧；位于
(2) lie(lied，lied，lying)说谎
(3) lay(laid，laid，laying)放、置；下蛋、产卵
(1) On the ground __ a wounded soldier.
(2) He __a desk in the corner of the room.
(3) This hen __an egg every day.
(4)The cat is __on the carpet.
(5)Don't believe him. He often __and this time he __again.
40．include／included／including
include是及物动词，可以用于主动语态或被动语态；including要放在被包括的名词或代词之前；included要放在被包括的名词或代词之后。
(1)Their names are __in the list.
(2)There are a lot of names in the list, __ his name.
(3)There are a lot of names in the list, his name __
(4) We no longer __ him among our friends.
(5)There are 40 students in our class, __four students from America.
41．before long／long before
(1) before long意思是“不久以后”，相当于soon，可与一般过去时和一般将来时连用。
(2) long before的意思是“很久以前”或“在……之前很久”。long before可以单独使用，也可以在before后接名词或从句。
(3) 句型：It will be long before…还要很久才......；
It won' t be long before...不要多久就……；很快就……
(1)A new school will be built here
(2)Mr. Smith stayed in Beijing for a year. he came to Shandong.
(3)He said he had been there
(4)I knew your husband I knew you.
(5)It won't be we get there.
42．fast／quick／rapid
(1) fast多指运动或动作的人或物体本身具有快速的特点。如：a fast train。
(2) quick一般指迅速的、一瞬间的或短暂的动作，并不强调速度，如：a quick look(reply，meal)。
(3) 催促人走路或做事要快，用quick,不用fast。如：Be quick!
(4) 指钟表的快要用fast，不用quick。(5) 指人的动作“快”要用fast。
(6) rapid侧重动作本身，有急促的含义，它所指的动作可能是一个或一连串的。rapid还可用来指水流急速。
(1)It may be a very car, but it uses a lot of petrol.
(2)Tom made a answer to the question.
(3)You're very , aren’t you?
(4)The clock is five minutes
(5)The improvement in his English is
43．especially／specially
(1) especially的意思是“特别地、尤其地、不寻常地”，强调程度，表示递进。
(2) specially的意思是“特意的、专门地”，强调为了某一目的。
(1)John has come to see you.
(2)I made this chocolate cake for you.
(3)I have been busy these days.
(4)I like the countryside, in spring.
(5)Noise is unpleasant, when you're trying to sleep.
44．to the north of／in the north of／on the north of
to the north of的意思是“在……的北面”，表示不属于同一范围。In the north of的意思是“在……北面”，表示在同一范围内。
on the north of的意思是“在……北面”，表示两地毗邻或接壤。
(1)Japan is (lies) _______________ Asia.
(2)Japan is (lies) ______________ China.
(3)North Korean is (lies) ___________________ China.
45．feel like／would like
(1) feel like中的like是介词，后接名词或动名词。该结构用来提出意愿或希望，意思是“想要(做某事)；愿意”。
(2) would like中的like是动词，后接名词、不定式或带不定式的复合结构。
(1) I not to go for a walk with you. I staying at home reading this novel.
(2) I you to help my brother with his English.
(3) Do you having something to eat?
(4) -- you to join us in the travel? --Yes, I to.
46．year after year／year by year
year after year意为“年年，每年”，表示动作的重复；
year by year意为“一年一年地”，表示逐年的转变过程。类似的结构还有：month after month；month by month；day after day, day by day
(1)Farmers work in the fields
(2)He is growing taller and taller
(3)We send cards each other
(4)Since 1980 great changes have taken place
47．What’s…like? ／What’s...?／How do you like...?／How is(are)...?
(1) What’s…like? 用来询问人或事物的特征，即人的外貌、品德或天气状况。
(2) What’s…? 用来询问人的职业。
(3) How do you like...? 等于What do you think of...?用来询问对某事的看法，即见解和观点。
(4) How is (are)…? 当主语是人时，用来询问某人的健康状况；当主语是物时，用来询问变化着的事情暂时情况。例如：
① 一What’s your father?--He is a doctor．
② 一What’s your father like? He is kind, but strict.
③ ---How does your father like the book? --- He read it twice.
④ How is your father? --- He is very well, thank you.
⑤ --- How are the things of the project? ---Everything goes very well.
48．very / just
两个词都可以用来表示强调，very表示强调时，是形容词，应放在the，this，that，my等物主代词后，意为“正是、就是、甚至、仅仅”。just表强调时，是副词，用以修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。just强调名词时，应放在the，this，that，my等物主代词前。例如：he was just here that the accident happened．He was the very person they wanted．But Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today．This is just the book I want to buy．
49．farther／further
表示时间、空间和距离时两者可换用；表示“进一步、进一层、更多”时，只能用further。
(1)I could walk no
(2)This problem will be discussed tomorrow.
(3)No explanation is needed.
(4) It means every athlete should try to run faster, jump higher, and throw ,
50．Persuade sb．to do／advise sb．to do
persuade sb．to do sth．＝persuade sb．into doing sth．意思是“说服(劝说)某人干了某事”，
advise sb．to do sth．＝try to，
persuade sb．to do sth．意思为“试着说服某人干某事”，但不一定成功。
(1) She finally her husband to give up smoking.
(2)I tried to him to change his mind, but he wasn't willing to do so.
(3)The doctor me to have a holiday, but I am too busy.
(4)Though she had different ideas about the proposal, we her to accept it.
51. as a result / as a result of / with the result
(1) He made one big mistake, and , lost his job.
(2) the flood, thousands of people lost their homes.
(3) The farm was flooded, that most of the harvest was lost.
52. in a way / in the way / by the way
(1) I left them alone, as I felt I was
(2) , you are right, but I still have doubts.
(3) Oh, , do you have my new address?
53. all / any / none/both / either / neither
(1) They were tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
(2)I don't know which of the two books is good. I'll read_______
(3) of us has seen the film, so everyone wants to see it.
(4)1 think of the three books is useful to your study. You can buy them all.
(5)-------Do you want this one or that one? --- I really don't mind .
(6) ---Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ---I'm afraid day is possible.
54. up/in/out/back/down/about/
(1) His carelessness brought the accident.
(2)The story brought my unhappy childhood.
(3)The wind brought a number of trees.
(4)Can you try to get them to bring the price?
(5) They started to use English, but they also brought some words from their own languages.
(6) This will bring them several thousand yuan.
(7)Next month they will bring a new edition of this dictionary.
(8) He was seriously ill. He brought most of what he had taken.
(9)He was brought by his stepmother in the south.
55. by/in/on
(1) We can' t travel through the forest road (land) because there aren't any roads.
(2)From Europe people can go to America sea (water) or air (plane).
(3)I am going the express train to Beijing.
(4)The astronauts got to the moon a spaceship.
(5)He often goes to work his bike. But something is wrong with the bike, so he has to go to work
bus or __ foot today.
(6)I'11 go to Beijing the 10:30 train.
56.句型转换,将下列复合句变成简单句
(1) They started early so that they could get
(2) She came into the bedroom quietly in order that she might not wake up her baby
(3) He stood up so that he could see better
(4) I stopped in order that he could speak to
(5) You ought to write to your mother worry about you.
57. down/at/into/out / off
(1) You should knock the door before entering.
(2) He was knocked by a car when crossing.
(3) The child ran in the street and knocked a woman her bike.
(4)The running boy knocked his teacher.
(5)The sudden blow knocked of his mouth.
58. after/ up/ off/ back/ on/ down/ away/ of
(1)Take the dog . I don't like it. You can take care it yourself;
(2) You should take what he' 11 say, carefully not to miss a word.
(3)After he got on the plane, he took his coat and a moment later the plane took
(4)I must take a few days , for I have to take care my mother.
(5)You should take what you said or you will be punished.
(6)The city has taken a new look since 1980.
(7)I mustn't take your time in office hours.
(8)He took the study of English at the age of five.
(9)The girl is beautiful. She takes her mother.
59. to/with/on
(1)I'm sorry we can't agree __ the price.
(2)I don't agree __ your decision.
(3)What he does doesn't agree __ what he says.
(4) He didn't agree __ this arrangement.
(5)They agreed ~ come on Sunday.
60. beat/hit/strike
(1)They put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and __it lightly.
(2) The stone __him on the head.
(3)When we heard our team __the Japanese team we the __drums gladly.
(4) __while the iron is hot.
(5)When I got home, the clock was __seven.
61. so/such
(1)The book is interesting that I want to read it again
(2)It was a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
(3)It was cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
(4) There are many mistakes in your composition that I can't understand it;
(5)He has made rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.
(6) There was much water in the river that we couldn't swim across it.
62. up/back/on/from/with/out
(1)You are keeping something from us. What is it?
(2)The heavy rain kept us holding the sports meet.
(3)He kept till the work was finished.
(4) Would you please close the door to keep the noise
(5)If the rain keeps , all the crops will be ruined.
(6)At first he couldn't keep up the class.
63. accept/receive
(1) I his letter yesterday.
(2)He didn't my suggestion.
(3)We shall you as a friend.
(4) I have an invitation to the ball, but I can' t it because I don't know whether I'll be able to attend it.
(5) She a good education.
64. attend/join/take part in
(1)Dr Baker decided to the meeting though he was still a bit surprised.
(2)Did your son school yesterday?
(3) He the army when he was only sixteen and the Party a year later.
(4) He the last Olympic Games and won a gold medal.
(5)Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home to her.
65. for/with
(1) They provided us all the books we need.
(2)The school provided food the students.
(3)We are provided everything we need for work.
(4)Can you provide me a room for the night?
66. manage/try
(1) We were pleased that they to get what we wanted.
(2)He to pass the exam but he had no luck.
(3) You'd better doing the experiment in another way.
(4)The box was heavy but he to lift it.
(5)If I am to get away, can you the factory?
(6) I can not another cake.
三．典型例题
[例1] （2002上海）---You forgot your purse when you went out. ---Good heavens, .
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
[例2] （2002上海）Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
[例3] （春季）---How long at this job? ---Since 1990
A．were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
[例4] （2002 NMET）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will
always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what
one是moment的同位语，I will always treasure 是修饰one的定语从句，其前省略了关系代词that。
the one, one, it, that是经常考查的代词，简述如下：
（1）the one用来代替代同类事物中特指的另一个。
（2）one用来替换上下文提到的同类名词，表泛指，相当于“a（n）+名词”。复数用ones。
（3）it 指上文提到的同一事物。
（4）that用来替换上文出现的带定冠词的名词。复数用those。例如：
The finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.
I need a bike. Lend me one.
I want to use your bike. Lend it to me.
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar.
---Do you have a camera?---No, but Tom has one. He bought it a week ago.
[例5] （2002上海）Can you make a sentence to the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in
[例6] （2002 NMET）---I’ m taking my driving test tomorrow. --- !
A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations
[例7] （2002上海）He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
(1)“当……时候”，如：I’ll go to see you when you come back.
(2) 刚（一）……就……,如：I had hardly left home when it began to rain.
(3) “如果（同if）”，如：Call me at once when anything goes wrong with the machine.
(4) “可是，虽然”，如：She usually walks when she might ride.
(5) 既然（同since），如：Why did you write in pencil when you know you should write in ink.
(6) “在那时，正……，突然……”，如：I was just leaving when he came. 而since和while没有此种用法，所以本题正确答案为D
[例8] （ NMET）Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because the technology so
rapidly. A. is changing B. has change C. will have changed D. will changed
[例9] （2003春季）---What happened to the priceless works of art? ---
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. they destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them
[例10] （2002春季）---How are the team playing?
---They’re playing well, but one of them _______hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
灵活运用答案：
1. (1) Although/Though (2) though/although (3) though (4) though (5) though (6) though
2. (1) much too (2) too much (3) too much (4) much too (5) too much
3. (1) holiday (2) holidays/vacation(s) (3) holiday/vacation (4) off (5) leave
4. (1) as a result (2) As a result of (3) with the result
5. (1) in the way (2) In a way (3) by the way
6. (1) allows (2) permit (3) allow (4) allowed, permitted
7. (1) all (2) both/neither (3) None (4) any (5) Either (6) neither
8. They started early in order to/so as to/to get there on time.
9. She came into the bedroom quietly in order not to / so as not to wake up her baby.
10. She stood up in order to/so as to/to see better.
11. I stopped for him to speak to me.
12. You ought to write to your mother early for her not to worry about you.
13. (1) No one (2) None (3) no one (4) None (5) None (6) No one (7) None
14. (1) at (2) down (3) off (4) into (5) out
15. (1) pulled on (2) wearing/in (3) putting on (4) dressed (5) dressed, dressed, dresses
(6) has on (7) had on/wore (8)wear/be dressed in/be in (9)in (10)with
16. (1) agree with (2) agreed on (3) agree with (4) agree with (5)agreed to (6)agree to (7)agreed on
17. (1) took(took, took, spent) (2) spends (3) cost (4)costs (5)cost (6)pay (7)pay
18. (1) the number of (2) The number of (3) a number of (4) The number of (5) A number of (6) The number of
19. (1) sound (2) voice (3) voice (4) noise (5) noise (6) Sound (7) voice
20. (1) As many as (2) as much as (3) as much as (4) as much as
21. (1) preparing (2) prepare for (3) are ready (4) prepare for (5) get/be ready (6) preparing (7) preparing for (8) prepare
22. (1) discovered; invented (2) found (3) discovered (4) invented
23. (1) end (2) finish (3) ended (4) finished (5) complete (6) complete
24. (1) go down (2) bring up (3) bring down (4) going up (5) go down
25. (1) at all times, at times (2) at one time (3) at a time (4) at the same time (5)at no time (6)for a time
26. (1) away, of (2) down (3)off, off (4)off, of(5) back (6) on (7) up (8) up (9) after
27. (1)for (2)with (3)with (4)for (5)into (6)into ((7)for (8)into
28. (1) win (2) beat (3) beat, won (4) won
29. (1) but (2) however (3) however (4) while (5) However (6) while
30. ( 1 ) heard of ( 2 ) heard ( 3 ) heard ( 4 ) heard from(5)heard from
31. (1) for example (2) for example (3) such as (4) for example (5) such as
32. (1) in the open air (2) in the air (3) on the air (4) in the open air (5)by air
33. (1) for (2) with against/with (3) for (4) again (5) with
34. (1) reply (2) answer (3) replied (4) answer (5) answered/replied (6) answer (7) answer
35. ( 1 ) lonely ( 2 ) lonely, alone ( 3 ) alone ( 4 ) alone lonely (5)alone (6)alone
36. (1) except (besides) (2) except (3) besides (4) except (5)except (6)except (7)except for (8)But for (9)except(but) (10)except(but)
37. (1) a little (a bit) (2) a bit (a little) (3) not a bit (4)not a little (5)a little (6)a bit
38. (1) At the end of (2) By the end of (3) At the end of (4) in the end
39. caught/took fire, had been on fire, put out the fire, was out/was put out, set…on fire, set fire to
40. (1) alive (2) alive (3) live (4) living (5) live (6) alive/living
41. (1) sick (2) ill (3) sick (4) ill (5) sick (6) ill /sick; sick (7) sick
42. (1) stole (2) stole (3) robbed (4) stole, stole, stole (5) robbed
43. (1) received, accept (2) accepted (3) received (4) receive (5) received (6) accept (7) accepted
44. (1) back (2) at (3) in (4) up/back (5) on (6) on
45. (1) work (2) job (3) work, job (4) jobs, work/job(s) (5) works (6) works (7) works
46. (1) lay (2) laid (3) lays (4) lying (5) lies, lied
47.(1)on (2)with (3)with (4)to (5)to
48. (1) included (2) including (3) included (4) include (5) including
49. (1) beat (2) hit (3) beat, beat (4) Strike (5) striking
50. (1)before long (2)Before long (3)long before (4)long before (5)long before
51. (1) fast (2) quick (3) fast (4) fast (5) rapid
52. (1) so (2) such (3) so (4) so (5) such (6) so
53. ( 1 ) specially ( 2 ) specially ( 3 ) especially ( 4 ) especially ( 5 ) especially
54. (1) in the east of (2) to the east of (3) on the east of
55. (1) would, like, feel like (2) would like (3) feel like (4) Would like; would like
56. (1) year after year (2) year by year (3) year after year (4) year by year
57. (1) back (2) from (3) on (4) out (5) up (6) with
58. (1) received (2) accept (3) accept (4) received, accept (5) received
59. (1) attend (2) attend (3) joined, joined (4) took part in (5) attend
60. (1) farther/further (2) further (3) further (4) farther/further
61. (1) persuaded (2) persuade (3) advised (4) persuade
62. (1) with (2) for (3) with (4) with
63. ( 1 ) managed ( 2 ) tried ( 3 ) try ( 4 ) managed ( 5 ) manage ( 6 ) manage
篇6：《红楼梦》林黛玉谈诗讲错了
《红楼梦》林黛玉谈诗讲错了
贾宝玉初会林黛玉 宝玉痴狂狠摔那玉
《红楼梦》中文字有各本皆同，实系错误，又不曾被发现的。如第四十八回，香菱跟黛玉学诗，黛玉告诉她说：
平声对仄声。虚的对实的，实的对虚的。若是果有了奇句，便平仄虚实不对，都使得的。
好像不错，实则大错而特错。当真做律诗，把虚字对实字，实字对虚字，岂不要搞得一塌胡涂?难道林黛玉这样教香菱而《红楼梦》作者又这样教我们么?这是承上文“平声对仄声”，句法顺下，因而致误。恕我不客气说，恐非抄者手底之误，实为作者的笔误。语曰：“智者千虑必有一失。”此殆万虑中之一失也。
我向来不赞成“以意改字”，但碰到有些情形又当别论。像这样明显的错误应当校正的。因为这儿发现的错误，不仅从做诗的实际分明看得出来，即从本书的文字说，也同样的分明看得出来。
平声对仄声，当然仄声对平声了。虚的对实的，当然实的对虚的了。这还用说吗，每样一句就足够了。试看平对仄，本书只有一句：
平声对仄声。
这是不错的。但虚之对实偏是两句：
虚的对实的，实的对虚的。
为什么?一句不也够了?下文以“平仄虚实”平列连称，这儿偏用两样的句法，岂不表示情形本有点不同。平对仄，仄对平(恕我这样噜苏地说)，而实不对虚，虚不对实，所以平仄一句而虚实两句，作者偶尔笔误，忘记校正，事或有之，而文理未尝讹谬，亦无冗赘，固无伤其日月之明。其原本当作：
虚的对虚的，实的对实的。
可谓毫无疑问的了。从《红楼梦》的语法文法看，本来如此，则这样的改法既不同用做诗的方法来硬扣，亦非以意改字，只是以《红楼梦》来改《红楼梦》。而且这样性质的错误，若再不改正，未免对不起读者了。
这条例子固最浅近;惟其浅近，更值得我们的注意，因往往会失之眉睫之间也。
林黛玉《葬花辞》
花谢花飞花满天，红消香断有谁怜?
游丝软系飘春树，落絮轻沾扑绣帘。
闺中女儿惜春暮，愁绪满怀无释处.
手把花锄出绣闺，忍踏落花来复去?
柳丝榆英自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞。
桃李明年能再发，明年闺中知有谁?
三月香巢初垒成，梁间燕子太无情。
明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾。
一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼。
明媚鲜研能几时，一朝飘泊难寻觅。
花开易见落难寻，阶前愁杀葬花人。
独倚花锄泪暗洒，洒上空枝见血痕。
杜鹃无语正黄昏，荷锄归去掩重门.
青灯照壁入初睡，冷雨敲窗被未温。
怪依底事倍伤神，半为怜春半恼春：
怜春忽至恼忽去，至又无言去不闻。
昨宵庭外悲歌发，知是花魂与鸟魂?
花魂鸟魂总难留，鸟自无言花自羞。
愿依胁下生双翼，随花飞到天尽头。
天尽头,何处有香丘?
未若锦囊收艳骨，一杯净土掩风流。
质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟。
尔今死去依收葬，未卜依身何日丧?
依今葬花人笑痴，他年葬依知是谁?
试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时。
一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知!
【诗词鉴赏】
《葬花吟》是林黛玉感叹身世遭遇的全部哀音的代表，也是作者曹雪芹借以塑造这一艺术形象，表现其性格特性的重要作品。它和《芙蓉女儿诔》一样，是作者出力摹写的文字。这首风格上仿效初唐体的歌行，在抒情上淋漓尽致，艺术上是很成功的。
这首诗并非一味哀伤凄恻，其中仍然有着一种抑塞不平之气。“柳丝榆荚自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞”，就寄有对世态炎凉、人情冷暖的愤懑;“一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼”岂不是对长期迫害着她的冷酷无情的现实的控诉?“愿奴胁下生双翼，随花飞到天尽头。天尽头，何处有香丘?未若锦囊收艳骨，一杯净土掩风流。质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟。”则是在幻想自由幸福而不可得时，所表现出来的那种不愿受辱被污、不甘低头屈服的孤傲不阿的.性格。这些，才是它的思想价值之所在。
这曾诗的另一价值在于它为我们提供了探索曹雪芹笔下的宝黛悲剧的重要线索。甲戌本有批语说：“余读《葬花吟》至再，至三四，其凄楚憾慨，令人身世两忘，举笔再四，不能下批。有客日：‘先生身非宝主，何能下笔?”即字字双圈，批词通仙，料难遂颦儿之意，俟看玉兄之后文再批。’噫唏!阻余者想亦《石头记》来的，散停笔以待。”值得注意的是批语指出：没有看过“玉兄之后文”是无从对此诗加批的;批书人“停笔以待”的也正是与此诗有关的“后文”。所谓“后文”毫无疑问的当然是指后半部佚稿冲写黛玉之死的文字。如果这首诗中仅仅一般地以落花象征红颜薄命，那也用不着非待后文不可;只有诗中所写非泛泛之言，而大都与后来黛玉之死情节声切相关时，才有必要强调指出，在看过后面文字以后，应回头来再重新加深对此诗的理解。由此可见，《葬花吟》实际上就是林黛玉自作的诗谶。这一点，我们从作者的同时人、极可能是其友人的明义《题红楼梦》绝句中得到了证明。诗曰;伤心一首葬花词，似谶成真自不如。安得返魂香一缕，起卿沉痼续红丝?“似谶成真”，这是只有知道了作者所写黛玉之死的情节的人才能说出来的话。以前，我们还以为明义未必能如脂砚那样看到小说全书，现在看来，他读到过后半部部分稿子的可能性极大，或者至少也听作者交往的圈子里的人比较详尽地说起过后半部的主要情节。如果我们说，明义绝句中提到后来的事象“聚如春梦散如烟”、“石归山下无灵气”之类，还可由推测而知的话;那么，写宝王贫穷的“王孙瘦损骨嶙峋”，和写他因获罪致使他心中的人为他的不幸忧忿而死的“惭愧当年石季伦”等诗句，是再也无从凭想象而得的。上面所引之诗中的后两句也是如此：明义说，他真希望有起死回生的返魂香，能救活黛玉，让宝、黛两个有情人成为眷属，把已断绝的月下老人所牵的红丝绳再接续起来。试想，只要“沉痼”能起，“红丝”也就能续，这与后来续书者想象宝、黛悲剧的原因在于婚姻不自主是多么的不同!倘若一切都如程伟元、高鹗整理的续书中所写的那样，则宝玉已有他属，试问，起黛玉“沉痼”又有何用?难道“续红丝”是为了要她做宝二姨娘不成?
此诗“侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁?……”等末了数句，书中几次重复，特意强调，甚至通过写鹦鹉学吟诗也提到。可知红颜老死之日，确在春残花落之时，并非虚词作比。同时，这里说“他年葬侬知是谁”，前面又说“红消香断有谁怜”、“一朝飘泊难寻觅”等等，则黛玉亦如晴雯那样死于十分凄惨寂寞的境况之中可以无疑。那时，并非大家都忙着为宝玉办喜事，因而无暇顾及，恰恰相反，宝玉、凤姐都因避祸流落在外，那正是“家亡莫论亲”、“各自须寻各自门”的日子，诗中“柳丝榆荚自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞”或含此意。“三月香巢已垒成，梁间燕子太无情。明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾”几句，原在可解不可解之间，怜落花而怨及燕子归去，用意甚难把握贯通。现在，倘作谶语看，就比较明确了。大概春天里宝黛的婚事已基本说定了，即所谓“香巢已垒成”，可是，到了秋天，发生了变故，就象梁间燕子无情地飞去那样，宝玉被迫离家出走了。因而，她悲叹“花魂鸟魂总难留”，幻想着自己能“胁下生双翼”也随之而去。她日夜悲啼，终至于“泪尽证前缘”了。这样，“花落人亡两不知”，若以“花落”比黛玉，“人亡”(流亡也)说宝玉，正是完全切合的。宝玉凡遭所谓“丑祸”，总有别人要随之而倒霉的。
先有金钏儿，后有晴雯，终于轮封了黛玉，所以诗中又有“质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟”的双关语可用来剖白和显示气节。“一别秋风又一年”，宝玉在次年秋天回到贾府，但所见怡红院已“红瘦绿稀”(脂评)，潇湘馆更是一片“落叶萧萧，寒姻漠漠”(脂评)的凄凉景象，黛玉的闺房和宝玉的绛芸轩一样，只见“蛛丝儿结满雕梁”(脂评谓指宝黛住处)，虽然还有宝钗在，而且以后还成其“金玉姻缘”，但这又怎能弥补他“对境悼颦儿”时所产生的巨大精神创痛呢?“明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾!”难道不就是这个意思吗?这些只是从脂评所提及的线索中可以得到印证的一些细节，所述未必都那么妥当。但此诗与宝黛悲剧情节必定有照应这一点，大概不是主观臆断吧;其实，“似谶成真”的诗还不止于此，黛玉的《代别离?秋窗风雨夕》和《桃花行》也有这种性质。前者仿佛不幸地言中了她后来离别宝玉的情景，后者则又象是她对自己“泪尽夭亡”(脂评)结局的预先写照。
有人说，《葬花吟》是从唐寅的两首诗中“脱胎”的(《红楼梦辨》)。诗歌当然是有所继承借鉴的，但不应把文艺创作的“源”和“流”的关系弄颠倒了。说到《葬花吟》在某些遣词造句、意境格调上利用前人之作，实不必到明人的集子中去找。唐初刘希夷《代悲白头翁》中“今年花落颜色改，明年花开复谁在”、“年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同”之类为人熟知的诗句还不足以借取利用吗?即如葬花情节，也未必径取唐寅将牡丹花“盛以锦囊，葬于药栏东畔”事，作者的祖父曹寅的《楝亭诗钞》中也就有“百年孤冢葬桃花”的诗句，难道还不足以启发他的构思吗?
但这些都是“流”，都仅仅是利用，既不表现诗的主要精神，也决不能代替作者源于现实生活的创造。何况，如前所述，此诗中，作者运笔鬼斧神工之处，完全不在于表面上那些伤春惜花词句的悱恻缠绵。
当然，《葬花吟》中消极颓伤的情绪也是极其浓重且不容忽视的。它曾对缺乏分析思考能力的读者起过不良的影响。这种情绪虽然在艺术上完全符合林黛玉这个人物所处的环境地位所形成的思想性格，但毕竟因作者在某种程度上有意识借所倾心的人物之口来抒发自己的身世之感，而显露了他本身思想的弱点。我们同情林黛玉，但同时也看到这种多愁善感的贵族小姐，思想感情是十分脆弱的。
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