高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解（共4篇）由网友“pipiqu”投稿提供，下面小编为大家整理过的高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解，欢迎阅读与借鉴!
篇1：高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
（江苏省石庄高级中学：秦建华课堂教学用）
Unit 1That must be a record
▲argument
settle an argument about sth解决关于……的争论/争端
start/put forward an argument for against就赞成/反对……展开辩论
argue v.
argue with sb about /over sth
Do what you are told to and don’t argue with me.
argue for/against为（支持）……辩护/反驳
argue a matter out把某事辩个水落石出
argue sb into/out of doing sth=advise sb(not)to do sth
▲conclude vt.推断（推论）出（后跟that-从句）缔结，议定；vi.come to an end结束，终止
The talks were expected to conclude on Sunday.会谈预计星期天结束。
What do you conclude from the facts?从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
Transactions were concluded on a wide variety of light industrial goods.
多种多样的轻工业产品已经成交。
conclusion n.
come to/draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论(from the facts)
jump to conclusion匆忙地/草率地下结论
bring sth to conclusion使……结束
in conclusion总之、总而言之、最后
▲popular
There was a time when this song was very popular. 曾经一度时间这首歌很流行。
She is very popular with her students.
He told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows
---This reference book is no more popular with the students than that one.
---You mean they are both little thought of ?
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved.
And the growing popularity51 of shopping centres led 52 in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。
name姓名；fame卓越，好名声；popularity名气很大，知名度很高
▲hire
hire/employ sb=take on sb.→fire/dismiss sb=give sb.the snack
hire 日常用语，指按工作量计酬来雇佣人手employ指商店或公司长期雇佣人手
rent一般指租住/借房屋，地产租借等
He fired these four workers and he hired ten more workers,because he thinks the four workers are not fit for thei posts.
hire out a bike(to sb)租出
rent a farm/house from an owner
▲fade vt.（使）褪色，（使）凋落；vi.逐渐消失，变微弱，变暗淡
The strong sunlight had faded the curtains.强烈的阳光使窗帘变色。
All memory of his childhood faded from his mind.
他所有的童年记忆逐渐从脑海中消失了。
fade next to逊色于
Successful as he is,he fades next to his brother.
尽管他很成功，但和他兄弟相比还是稍显逊色。
▲diagnose诊断
He was diagnosed with cancer.他被诊断患了癌症。
The book diagnoses our present economic ills.这本书切中了我们现在经济的时弊。
▲curiosity
Curiosity is part of child’s nature好奇是儿童的天性.
Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to
write the Guinness Book of World Records……(p.4)
a curiosity shop古玩店
curious感兴趣的，好奇，奇怪
I’m curious to know what she said.我非常想知道她说了什么
She’s always so curious about my work.她总爱打听我的工作。
It’s curious that he didn’t tell you.他没有告诉你实在反常。
▲contact
contact sb和……联系
be in/out of contact with和……保持/失去联系
get in touch with/keep in touch with
make contact with the ship by radio用无线电与船联系
keep track of/lose track of与……保持联系/失去联系
keep track of还有：记录，掌握……的线索，了解……的动态，看清，听清等意思
He could not escape because the police kept track of him.
他逃不了的，警察在注意他的行动
To a scientist,the most important thing is knowing he does not lose track of what he is
doing.对于一个科学家来说，最重要的是他清楚自己在做什么。
Please keep track of every cent you spend.请记录你花掉的每一份钱。
keep an eye on照看；keep faith with对……守信用；keep in mind记住，放在心上
▲account n.账户；解释，说明；vi.说明……的原因
I bought the bike on account.我赊账买了这辆自行车。
We could not go on account of the rain.因为下雨我们不能去。
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不论什么原因游客都不允许用东西喂动物。
It is a matter of great account.这是一件重要的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
烟民占世界总人口的20%。
▲attempt
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取
▲inspect检查，视察/检阅
The customs officer inspected my passport.海关官员检查了我的护照。
inspect sb/sb’s head for lice检查某人头部有无头虱
The visiting president inspected the troops.来访总统检阅了部队。
examine/investigate/look into
▲confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.你的话证实了我的看法。
The King confirmed me in my possession of the land.国王批准我拥有这片土地。
▲set down 放下；写下，记下；规定
Set down your heavy bags and have a rest.
放下你的重包休息一下。
The bus driver set the passengers down here.
公共汽车司机让旅客在此下车。
I will set down the story as it was told to me.
我将按告诉我的把这个故事记下来。
The price limits were set down by the government.
价格限度由政府规定。
set about sth/doing sth开始做/着手做；set aside拔出，把……置于一旁；
set back退步，挫折，阻碍，妨碍，使……倒退；set off出发，启程，引爆，燃放；
set out出发，，着手/开始(to do)，栽（幼苗）；set up建立，开办
▲stand out杰出、突出，显眼、醒目，坚持、不屈服
The road sign is easy to read because the words stand out.
路标容易认，因为上面的字很醒目。
The students agreed that they must stand out against the decision to cut down the trees.
学生门一致同意坚决反对砍伐树木的决定。
stand by在场、支持,stand down退出（竞选）、（士兵）撤下岗,
stand for代表、表示、主张,stand up站起、经久、耐用
▲achieve one’s goal实现目标
I’ll try to achieve my goal of becoming a scientist.实现做科学家的目标
▲in the first place首先、原本、第一
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
▲in a row
Please stand in a row.请站成一排。
This is the third Sunday in a row that it’s rained.这是接连着的第三个星期天下雨了。
▲apply for
About 100 people have applied for the position.大约有100人申请了这一职务。
其它词组
1.一本畅销书 答案：a best-seller 2.从那以来 答案：ever since
3.被分类 答案：be put into categories 4.面积达…… 答案：with an area of
5.导致 答案：lead to 6..创一项新纪录 答案：set a new record
▲burst vi. 爆裂，突然发作
It was so cold yesterday that my water-pipes froze and burst.
昨天太冷了，我家的水管都冻裂了。
A rat burst into my room last night.昨天一只耗子窜进了我的房间。
He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.他往气球中充得气太多，结果爆了。
The funny story made the children burst their sides with laughter.
这个有趣的故事使孩子们捧腹大笑。
On hearing the sad news,she burst into tears.一听到那个悲惨的消息，她就大哭起来。
相关短语：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑； burst into song 突然唱起歌来；burst into angry speech大发雷霆； burst into bloom开花； burst into view/sight景象/奇观突然出现； burst into the room突然闯入房间； burst out/forth laughing/crying大笑/哭
▲head down to the park （补充）
head for=move toward:He headed straight for the bar.他径直朝酒吧走去。
head sb/sth off:get in front of sb/sth so as to turn him/it back or aside拦阻
head off a flock of sheep:prevent them from going in the wrong way拦住
▲familiar adj.熟悉的，通晓的，随便的，非正式的
French was as familiar to him as English.他通晓法语就像通晓英语一样。
I’m very familiar with your name.我很熟悉你的名字。
sth./sb.be familiar to sb.某物/某人为某人所熟悉；
sb.be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某人/某物
分析课文中的句子（补充）:The X Games are like Olypic Games for sports that are less familiar to us than sports like fottball and basketball.极限游戏比赛就像奥林匹克运动会上有些不如足球和篮球那样为我们所熟悉的比赛项目一样。
▲delight vt. （使）高兴，（使）欣喜；n. 快乐，高兴
The circus delighted the children.马戏团使孩子们欣喜。
I have read your letter with delight.我高兴地读了你的信。
He takes great delight in teaching his students.他以教他的学生为乐。
Your visit last week delighted us.上星期你的来访使我们很高兴。
The news delighted the whole nation.这个消息使全国一片沸腾。
I delighted to read novels.我高兴地读小说。
The old man delighted in doing little things for others.那位老人高兴为别人做些小事。
To his great delight,his novel was accepted for publication.使他高兴的是，他的小说得到了公众的认可。
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
相关短语：be delighted at 因……而高兴；be delighted by/with sth.(sb.)喜欢某物（人）；
be delighted to do因做……而高兴； be delighted that...很高兴……
▲center on将某人（某物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料； call on访问(某人)，号召(to do)；
count on依靠……，期待……(sb.to do)；depend on取决于……，依靠……，依……而定；
feed on 以……为食，用……喂养；fix one’s eyes on 盯住……，凝视……；
go on继续，上台演出(the stage)， keep on(doing) 坚持……；
live on靠……生活，以……为食； look on看待(sb.as...)，观察……，面朝……；
wait on 服侍……，招待……
The patient has three nurses attending on him.那位病人有三位护士看护他。
I tried to concentrate my attention on my chemical research.我试图专心于化学研究。
She centered her attention on the problem.她把注意力集中在这个问题上。
Unit 2 Crossing limits
▲take possession of占领，占有/get possession of拿到，得到
The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.那个资本家拥有大宗财产。
A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 大宗财产掌握在那个资本家手中。
▲in the name of以……的名义，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名义逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。
He escaped under the name of Tom.他化名为Tom逃跑了
name构成的短语：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；name after以……命名
▲masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun
in the mass总体上，总的说来/the mass of大多数的/mass education群众教育/a mass meeting群众会议
The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（许多）
▲be rich in/be poor in
Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有丰富的维生素
a TV play rich in humour 富有幽默的电视剧
▲do research on a state key project就国家重点工程进行研究
▲lose the lives of many people/risk their lives
▲alternative
Have you got an alternative=another suggestion?你有没有其它建议？
Caught in the act,he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.
他被当场抓获，除了招供别无选择。
▲available
This was the only available room.这是唯一可以利用的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
▲equip…with
You’d better equip your bike with a head light.你最好在自行车装个前灯。
They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他们已经为部队装备了现代化的武器。
The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被动语态）
▲accurate adj.精确的，准确的，正确无误的
His information was accurate.他的信息很准确。
accurate强调“精确无误”。an accurate calculation精确的计算
correct按一定标准没有差错。a correct answer正确的答案
right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义.the right course of action正确的行动方针
▲search for
他们正在村里搜查那个强盗。
They are searching for the robber in the village.
They are searching the village for the robber.
Cf:The policeman is searching the robber.
▲have contacts with/contact to有接触/联系
▲find one’s way
feel one’s way摸索着走/fight one’s way奋勇前进/force one’s way挤着向前走/wind one’s way曲折前进/make one’s way去……途中/lose one’s way迷路
▲in exchange for交换，互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。
▲take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘获，捉拿
put sb in prison,take sb to prison,send sb to prison把……关进监狱/throw sb into prison把……投进监狱
▲wander through Arabic countries穿过许多阿拉伯国家
The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子无所事事，在街上闲逛。
The boy wandered the neighbourhood,looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了邻里街坊，找他那条狗。
▲reach out to sp./reach sp./come to sp.arrive at(in) sp.
▲date from/back to
The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。
▲ripe
By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.到15世纪初大型聚会的时机成熟了。
Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的还是生的？
▲prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下繁荣昌盛(prosperity)
The business is prospering.生意兴隆。
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝这对新人生活幸福，万事如意。
▲renew relations with恢复同…..的关系
▲excite one’s curiosity激起……的好奇心
▲send a message to sb向……发出邀请/信息
▲response非洲统治者的反应非常慷慨The response of African rulers are very generous.
▲challenge/at home
明朝朝廷认识到最大的挑战和机遇是在国内。
Ming court belied that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
国内外 at home and abroad
▲.various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.他分析了各种不同因素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
在所有做鸡蛋的各种方法中，我最喜欢煮的方法。
various,varied都可作“各种各样的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”，a varied life。
▲.suggest vt.
（1）提议，建议。后跟动名词、that从句（从句中谓语动词用should do,should可省略）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.他向我提出那种想法。
I suggest going there at once.我建议立刻去那里。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.老师建议我们现在就做作业。
（2）使人想起，暗示
His pale face suggests that he is ill.他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。
▲.accomplish vt.达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划）
This task is accomplished by great effort.完成这项任务花了很大力气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了很多成绩。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.就是工人们将完成这项任务。
accomplish指做到底，实现一个计划，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework.他完成了作业。
complete指加上缺少的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子补充完整
▲.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上工作到9点,这还不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad job.除工资（偏低）外，这工作不错。
Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.除你我之外，我认为没有人在30岁以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.不可能有脱离实践的知识。
归纳拓展：apart from，in addition（to），besides ，as well（as），except for，except，but
（1）apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。
（2）以下短语或单词意义相近，均表示“除……之外还有……”这一“附加”意义。
in addition（to） besides，as well （as）
（3）以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。except for except but
▲.arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起，由……发生
A difficulty arose right here.困难就在这里。
How did the quarrel arise?这次争吵是怎么引起的？
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。
rise vi.升起，上涨；raise vt.举起，提高，提升，提出；饲养（羊、鸡等），抚养（子女等），招募（军队等），募捐（钱等）。
▲.bring up教育；养育;提出；引出;呕吐；to bring up the question提出问题
She was brought up by her grandparents.她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten.他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。
归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚;bring about带来,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.这些男孩子每周赚60镑。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.我们最好等他们降价。
▲.run out of 用光，用尽
We are running out of water.我们的水要用尽了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday.昨天我们用光了汽油。
比较：All our supply of food has run out.我们所有的食品供应都用光了。
We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。
表示“用光、用尽”的还有：use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡了。要没水了。
从以上例子可看出，虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”，但use up,run out of 为及物动词，而run out,give out为不及物动词。
归纳拓展:run into遇上，偶然遇到;陷于，碰上（困境、麻烦等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.如遇困难，要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land Down Under
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories现代澳大利亚是由六个州两大区组成的
be made up of =consists of 由……组成
The Grade Three in our school is made up of 17 classes.我们学校高三年级是由17个班级组成的。
17 classes make up the Grade Three in our school.
The solar system is made up of a star and nine plants. 太阳系是由一个恒星和九个行星组成的。
make up 和解,和好; 虚构,编造; 化妆; 补偿,弥补; 凑钱
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.很难调解这对夫妇之间的争吵。
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.不要找任何借口来欺骗我。
I find no time to make myself up every day.梳妆打扮
Because you were ill, you will have to make up the final exam.补期末考试
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence/the lost time. 弥补智力上的缺乏/损失的时间(用其他方式)
Have you made up the money for your class? 凑钱
2. Australia is surrounded by many oceans.澳大利亚周边有两大洋
surround 包围 surround sb./ sth. with sth
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城。
surround 常用于被动语态中 “被……包围
The house is surrounded by/with high walls.房子周围有高高的围墙。
When he came back ,he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.当他苏醒后，发现他周围站着他的家人和朋友。
surroundings (周边环境) environment (与人类相对的环境)
3. but the capital of Australia is Canberra,a city located between Sydeny and Melbourne
……但是澳大利亚首都却在堪培拉，一座位于悉尼和墨尔本之间的城市
located=lying=standing
4.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.六个角代表六个州，第七个角代表区。
represent 代表,象征; 表现; 描绘,塑造; 声称
In a love song ,people will tell his lover that the moon represents his heart.月亮象征他的心
I’d like to thank you representing my whole family.我代表我的全家谢谢您。
=I’d like to thank you on behalf of my whole family.
The girl representing all the new students gave us a speech on the school opening ceremony.
那个女孩代表所有新生在开学典礼上讲了话。
He represented himself as a wealthy man, but in fact he was as poor as a church mouse.声称自己是个健康的人而其实
representative n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
stand for 象征,代表; 支持; (多指代字母、符号等的替代作用)
What does WTO stand for? WTO代表什么？ It stands for World Trade Organization
Before we elect him, we want to know what he stands for.
5.These peoples came to the continent at least fifity thousand years ago and created complex societies.
这些来自不同民族的人至少在五万年之前就来到这块大陆，而且创建了复杂的社会群体。
people 的含义
相当于persons (一个以上的人) There are many people in the room
指persons in general 人们。What will people think of this?人们将如何看待这件事？
指all the ordinary members of a state 人民（与the连用）serve the people heart and soul
指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一国籍的人民。the people of London 伦敦居民，the British people 英国人民
指nation (民族)，race （人种），tribe (部落)等，此时people为单数，其复数形式为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题：The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的人民。
6.live in a similar way to their ancestors……过着与他们祖先相似的生活
A be similar to B 。。。和。。。相类似
My new dress/bike is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
8.while others live in cities,towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians……而另外一些人像其他澳大利亚同胞一样住在城镇和农村。
▲fellow n.（常用复数，用以构成复合词）同伴；同志
school fellows同学 bed fellows同床者
Her fellows share her interest in computers.她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。
adj.同伴的；同类的；同事的
fellow creatures 同类动物 fellow countryman 同胞 fellow traveler旅伴；同路人
口语中有时指“男人；小伙子”
Poor fellow!可怜的小伙子！
▲while
引导时间状语从句，表示的时间只能是一段时间，而when引导时间状语从句表示的时间可以是时间点，也可以是时间段。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候我们正在吃饭。
表示对比，意为“而，但是”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工人而我是医生。
表示“尽管，虽然”，多放于句首。
While I understand what you say,I can’t agree with you.尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。
表示“只要”。
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
9.In 1770,Captain Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown.1770年库克船长生称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。
claim vt. & n. n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西，vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要，索赔
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?汽车出了事故后你向保险公司索赔了吗？
I claimed the coat that the teacher found. 我认领了老师找到的外套。
Has anyone claimed the watch? 有人认领这块手表吗？
He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him. 他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。
He claimed that he had done the work without help.他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.不要不懂装懂。
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
10. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.后来，美国独立战争使得英国不能向北美输送囚犯，于是澳大利亚被选为一个新的囚犯和罪犯的流放地。
11.The British Governor landed on January 26,today as Australia Day. 英国总督于1月26日登陆，这一天就是现在的澳大利亚日。
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their basic civil rights and described the new government.当时统治六个州的宪法表明人是自由平等的。它还说明了人民的基本权利，也描述了当时的新政府。
统治；控制，治理
In Britain elected representatives of the people govern the country.
在英国治理国家的是民选的代表。
支配某事物；决定
Self-interest governs all his actions.
他的所作所为皆取决于一己之利。
n.government 统治；控制；支配
州长；省长；总督someone who rules a state or province
12.The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Aistralian ecosytems. 新来的这批人改变了这里的土地管理方式。引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植物破坏了澳大利亚的生态系统
be harmful to/do harm to/harm sb.or sth
13. As a consequence,the original Australians suffered. 结果原来的澳大利亚人吃尽了苦头。
as a consequence 结果，后果
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.
毕业后，他变得懒惰起来，结果失去了自己所有的一切。
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss.由于他的粗鲁，他被老板开除了。
14.Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved had their land taken away from them许多土著居民和岛民被迁走了，他们的土地被剥夺了。
have+宾语+done过去分词作宾语补足语的结构
15.In the early twentieth century,Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century在20世纪初期，澳大利亚就像18世纪的美国一样。
resemble vt.（不用于被动语态和进行时态）
resemble sb./sth.（in sth.） 与（他人或他物）相似；像……
She resembles her brother in looks.她和她弟弟长得很像。
He strongly resembles his father in appearance.他非常像他的父亲。
n resemblance（between A and B）相似；相像
There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.这两个男孩有某些相似之处。
16.The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.第一次世界大战对澳大利亚有强烈的影响。
have an influence on/upon 对…有影响
have an influence on/upon=have an effect on/upon influence sb./sth.=affect sb./sth.
I don’t think this kind of system will have a great influence on our school.我认为这种体制不会对我们学校产生很大影响。
SARS has a strong influence on human.对人类影响很大。
17.After the war,the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Great Depression of the 1930s.
战后国家经历了社会和经济的动荡，遭受了30年代大萧条的苦难。
vt.受到，遭受，蒙受，后接pain,defeat,loss,poverty,hunger等名词。
His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
他的腿断了，遭受了巨大痛苦的折磨。
常用于短语suffer from...，意为“受……的折磨，患某种疾病，有某种缺陷”。
In the old days,peasants suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
在旧社会，农民们饥寒交迫。
18. Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
澳大利亚开始把自己转变成今天这样的现代化国家。
A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
A generator generator (发电机)transforms mechanical energy into electricity. (把机械能转变成电能)
A steam engineer transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热转化成动力。
adj.transformable 可改变外观或性质的
n.transformation（外观或性质的）改变，改观；转变
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
他结婚之后性格判若两人。
19.The economy grew and Australia benefited from the immigration.经济增长了，澳大利亚人从移民中受益。
benefit n.
He has had the benefit of a first-class education.他受益于第一流的教育。
The new factory will be a great benefit to the town.这个新工厂对这个市镇将会有很大的好处。(=be good to)
benefit v.
This medicine will benefit you.这药对你有好处。
I benefited from my father’s advice.我受益于父亲的教育。
20. pass laws to strengthen the rights of ……通过法律来加强……的权利。
strengthen v.加强；巩固；变强
The current strengthened as we moved down the river.我们顺流而下时，水流更急了。
This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave.最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。
strength n.力气；力量；强度
He is a man of great strength.他是个强壮的男子。
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
21.It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of diverse society.
许多年后澳大利亚才懂得尊重土著居民，并认识到多元化的重要性
Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
澳洲英语在发音上不同与英国英语和美国英语。
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多种多样的
have diverse interests 有多种兴趣
differ from sb./ sth.与某人/某事物不同，有区别=be different from
We differ from each other in many ways.我们在许多方面不同。
In this aspect,French differs from English/French and English.在这方面，法语不同于英语。
differ with/from sb.about/on sth.不同意；持异议
I’m sorry to differ with you on that.对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。
“I beg to differ.”表示与某人意见不一致。
n.difference
difference between A and B不同之处；差别；变化
It’s not very easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.区别糖和盐不是很容易的。
make a/no/some difference（to sb./ sth.）（对某人/某事物）有/没有/有些作用或影响。
It makes no difference（to me）what you say:I’m not going.不管你怎么说（对我来说）都无所谓，反正我不去。
Integrative reading
1.connect
The two cities are connected by a railway
The No. 1 trolly bus connects here with the No. 4 trolly bus for the East Lake.
connect with Beijing University.
connect A with B connect…with(by) join A to B/join…with(by)
We can connect(join)the two islands with a bridge.
The road connects Beijing with Tianjin.
The new highway has joined our hometown to the city.
The Pananma Canal connects the Atlantic with the Pacific.
(The road connects Shanghai and Suzhou.)
2.separate
Although both these shops sell vegetables, they are quite separate.
The children all sleep in separate beds.
We’re sorry that you two should be separated.
England is separated from France by the English channel.
Let’s separate them into three groups.
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
They didn’t separate till midnight.
The good friends were glad to meet after so long a separation.
Cf:The world is divided into five continents.
You can divide the apples between you.
separate:把原来在一起的人或物分隔开来
divide: 着重把一个整体按一定数量和大小比例分成若干份。
3.having been separated from…
*Arriving at the village(When he arrived at the village),he could not find his home.
*Walking in the park(When she was walking), she saw an old friend.
*Being blind(As they were blind),how could they see?
*Having been there many times, he offered to introduce the history of country .(As he had been)
*Having been rebuilt this way,these temples look even more beautiful.(As/After they have been rebuilt)
*Having put up the tent, they started to cook their supper. (After they put up/had put up)
(Right) Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.
(Wrong)Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen.
(Right)Having found the cause they continued the experiment.
(Wrong)Having found the cause,the experiment continued.
Fill in the blanks
(1).Who is the man standing by the door?
(2).The bell ran announcing the end of class.
(3).Austrlia is the only country covering an entire continent.
(4).Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in white.
(5).Those chosen as team members must be here before 7 a.m. tomorrow.
(6).He is a man liked by all.
(7).The man writing this English letter is my teacher.
(8).The letter written in simple English is from my teacher.
4.In area…the same size as/…more than 13 times as many as
China is large in area and rich in resources.
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height.
They built a fence 30 meters in length.
The area of Australia is 7.6 million sq.km.
A是B的x倍，可表示为：
A be x times the size/height/length of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 time bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher/longer than B by x-1 times
如：这个房间是那个房间的3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one.
This room is three times as big as that one.
This room is twice bigger than that one.
This room is bigger than that one by twice.
5.feed…on/feed…to
6.give birth to/be borne
She has borne three children.
She has given birth to three children.
7.keep out
Danger! Keep out!
They closed all windows to keep out the cold.
We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.
Please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here.
Please keep the dog out of the garden.
keep-phrase:
Keep up your courage/spirits.
They can keep up their normal temperature even in very cold weather.
The old man couldn’t keep up with the other people.
Dave was not good at maths and he couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class.
They used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war.
Keeping a diary is very important to you.
You’d better keep cool when you are in danger.
She couldn’t keep back her tears at the news.
A newspaper can keeps one in touch with the world.
Nothing can keep me from doing so.
8.round up 聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.向导把游客们聚集在一起，又把他们带回到海滨。
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.牧羊犬把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。
Unit 4 Green world
1.Attempt had been made by others to classfy plant species into groups,but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus.另一些人尝试按植物种类分类，但是突破性进展却来自Carl Linnaeus.
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取(在第一单元中讲过)
classify vt.编排；分类to arrange or organize according to class or category classify sb./ sth.（as sth.）将某人/某物归类
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.我们通常把 (人的) 性格之类型分为善与恶。
The books in the library are classified by subject.图书馆的书是按照科目分类的。
Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？
classified（常作定语）分类的 a classified directory分类电话簿 classified advertisements分类广告
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分类；类别
2. Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system.
在林尼厄斯确立这个系统之前，要说明植物之间的关系是一个复杂而陌生的事情。
3.But Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants in families was unique.而Linnaeus把植物按家族来分类的想法却很特别。
group v.集合，使成群；类集
The children grouped round the piano.孩子们集合在钢琴周围。
We can group animals into several types.我们可以把动物分成好几类。(We can classify animals as several types.)
noun（1）群；组；类
（family,team,audience,enemy,group,class等集合名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。）
Our group is going to climb a mountain tomorrow.我们组明天要去爬山。
The group are having dinner now.组员们正在吃晚饭。
What blood group are you?你是什么血型？
[作定语] a group activity 集体活动
（2）（公司联营的）集团：a newspaper group报业集团
▲identification （学案上没有） n. the state of being identified 鉴别；验明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高产量种子的鉴别
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份证明(缩写 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。
4.As a result,fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related,although they are different at first sight.
因此（结果），尽管桃子和梨子乍看起来是不同的，但事实上它们是有关联的。
at first sight/glance
At first sight/glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看这个问题似乎很容易。
They felt in love at first sight.他们一见钟情。
He could tell at a(single) glance what was wrong with the car.他一眼就能看出汽车有什么毛病。
5.develop a lifelong frienship with… 与……结成为终身好友
make a lifelong friend with sb.
6.Born into a life of privilege,Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family. Joseph Banks是一个富裕家庭的孩子，生来就享有特殊权利
privilege n. a special advantage, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class 特权；优惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员有享受图书馆借书服务的特权。
7.lead/live a cosy life过着安逸的生活
live/lead a happy life/a bitter life 过着幸福/痛苦生活
cosy ：comfortable; easy
8.but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge但是小班克斯却有渴求知识的欲望
n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 运动增进食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 爱好；欲望
He has an appetite for writing. 他好从事写书。（be fond of,go in for）
9.Despite his wealth,he worked to make a career in science. 尽管他很富有，但他谋求在科学上有一番成就。
in spite of his wealth/although he was wealthy/rich….
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些人拥有万贯家财。
10. In 1768,the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on
an expedition to Tahiti.1768年英国皇家海军任命James Cook为“奋力”号船长，带领皇家学会成员远征塔希提岛。
appoint sb.（to.）;appoint sb.（as.）
挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派
He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那空缺。
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
They have appointed a new manager.他们已经任用了一位新经理。
Who shall we appoint （as） chairperson?我们选派谁担任主席呢？
appoint sth.（for sth.） 确定或决定某事物
They have appointed a date for the meeting.他们已经约定了开会的日期。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
11.This would give astronomers a chance to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun.
这样天文学家就有机会去测量地球和太阳之间的距离。
They use a computer to calculate the cost of a journey.他们用电脑算出旅行的费用。
I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 p.m.估计我们大约在下午3点到达伦敦。
be calculated to do sth.旨在，打算或计划做某事
His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd.他讲的话有意鼓动/煽动人群。
n. calculation计算，推算
12 …it was the government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.
英国政府赞助了这次考察中天文学部分所需的设备和经费。
expense n.花费，费用，经费
It’s too much of an expense to own a car.拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。
at one’s expense由某人负担费用
He had his book printed at his own expense.他自己出钱印了书。
at the expense of sth.在损失或损坏某事物的情况下
He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.
他创建的企业很成功，但这一切都损害了他的健康。
13.had to supply about ￡10,000 of his own money to equip the expedition……不得不把自己的钱（大约一万英镑）拿出来为这次远征提供设备。
supply当“提供；供应”讲，近义词为provide/offer。
（1）supply sb.with sth./ supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
They supplied food aids to the people in the flood-stricken area.
=They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.
他们向受灾地区的人们提供了食品援助。
（2）offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
He offered me a cup of tea.=He offered a cup of tea to me.
（3）provide sb.with sth./ provide sth.for sb.向某人提供某物，供应
The firm has provided me with a car.=The firm has provided a car for me.公司提供给我一辆汽车。
在涉及到钱时，supply则不明确，一般讲来要给钱，provide往往则意味着免费提供
The school provides the students with lesson-sheets.学校免费给学生提供讲义。
We can supply you with some rare Ming editions. 我们可以给你提供一些稀有的明版书。
14.He also look out for new economic species; plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold . 而且他还调查了一些新的经济物种，在英国和世界其他地区生长其谷物能够被卖的植物。
look our for to be careful of 当心；注意；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 留神(汽车)！
15. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to anther on a large scale, helping to develop local economic with these new imports. 约瑟夫。班克斯是第一位大规摸把植物从一个大陆移到另一个大陆的人，用这些进口的东西来帮助发展当地的经济。
16.some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cococa,hemp and tea.用这种方式发展起来的植物有可可，大麻和茶叶。
17.The voyage had been a great success.这次航海取得了巨大的成功。
18.Wonderful discoveries had been of strange new lands,cultures,animals and plants.
绝妙的发现还包括新奇的大陆、文化和动植物。
19.From behind his desk, however, he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.然而他却在幕后卷入了诸如探索非洲和开拓澳洲之类的航行。
involve
（1）需要The job involved me in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。
（2）牵涉，牵连；包括
The strike involved many people.许多人参加了罢工。
involve sb./sth.in sth./doing sth.使某人/某事物陷入或参与某活动
in solving your problems!你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去。
He was involved in a heated argument.他参与了一场激烈的争论。
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
20.He accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture.他积累了大量的有关植物和农业方面的知识。
accumulated
（1）vt.积累；聚集
By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力工作积蓄了一笔财富。
（2）vi. 增加
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房间不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已积到十尺深。
n. accumulation 金钱、知识、经验的积累
21. In growing strawberries Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.在种植草莓时Banks采用早已废弃的在果实下铺稻草的方法来降低用水量。
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
He found a baby abandoned by its parents.他发现了一个被父母遗弃的婴儿。
The match was abandoned because of bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消。
(please look up the word:desert)
供阅读的其它知识点
▲Darwin’s observations on that voyage led him to write his famous book on the Origin of species.…
达尔文在那次环球旅行中的观察使他写出了著名的《物种起源》
▲deserve
The article deserves careful study=The article is worth studying.
She deserves a reward for her effort.她积极努力，应该得到奖赏。
They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。
▲It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
达尔文乘“小猎犬号”去加拉 戈斯群岛的活动使他获得了新创建理论的钥匙。
▲habitat（动物或植物的）栖息地/自然环境
This creature’s natural habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的天然栖息地是丛林。
▲pass sth.down from one generation to the next（常用于被动语态）一代一代传下去
pass away 去世，逝世(die) pass by走过；经过；忽视 pass sth.on （to sb.）将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间） pass on （to sth.）从一阶段进入另一阶段
▲.As a result of Darwin and Mendel s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species. 达尔文和门德尔的研究结果，使得19世纪的科学家闷形成这样的一种理念：环境的影响导致了新物种的发展。
▲It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
要重新认识环境对物种的重要性环需要下一代科学家的努力。
▲In 1922,Gte Turesson found evdence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature.
1922年Gte Turesson发现了自然界物种稳定多样性存在的证据。
▲grow to bush长成灌木，grow close to the ground长得贴近地面
▲adapt 适应，改编，改写
I don’t think I shall ever adapt myself to this hot weather.
They are adapted to various climates,soil and other natural conditions.
He is adapting the novel fortelevision.他在把这部小说改编成电视剧。
▲However, Turesson’s findings show that habitat,such as soil conditions,is of equal importance to the output of crops.
然而Turesson的调查研究结果却表明，生长地的情况，如生长地的土壤条件，对粮食农作物的产量也具有同样重要的意义。
output n. amount of things that you have made 产量；产品
We must increase our output to meet people's needs. 我们必须增加产量来满足人们的需要。
请不要跟adopt（采取、采用，通过、收养）相混
▲procedure n.程序（尤指工商、法律、政治等事务的）
Stop arguing about （questions of） procedure and let’s get down to business.
别再为程序（问题）争辩了，咱们着手议正事吧。
procedure （for sth.）手续；步骤
What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?在银行开个账户要办什么手续？
▲promote v.（1）提升，晋升
My daughter’s just been promoted!我的女儿刚被提升了！
promote sb.to sth.提升，擢升某人
The football team was promoted to the first division.该足球队已晋升为甲级队。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
（2）促进；鼓励，推动
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
Kindness promotes peace. 亲切的行为可以促进和睦。
▲rose n. a beautiful flower, which is red, white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；蔷薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父亲沿着花园的一边种了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young, you'll lie upon thorns when old. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
▲peony n. 牡丹；芍药
She blushed like a peony. 她脸红得像一朵牡丹花。
▲bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/一串钥匙
▲merely adv. only仅仅；只不过
I didn't stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我没有停下来和他说话--我只是微微一笑。
▲enterprise n. an undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk; a business organization事业；企业
government enterprise 公/国营企业 private enterprise 私/民营企业 small-to-medium-sized enterprises中小企业
▲settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；定居点
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的东海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 解决（方案）
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资双方达成一项解决办法。
▲straw n. dry, cut stalks of wheat, etc. 稻草；麦秆
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我们人人都戴草帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麦管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸可口可乐。
▲year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out) 对比year by year
▲tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice, as expressing feeling音调；语调
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用恼怒的口气说话。
▲reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 报酬；报答
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考试及格而得到奖品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的报酬却很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬谢；奖赏
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him. 人们表扬了他，这就是对他很好的奖励。
▲nowhere adv. at, in, or to no place; not anywhere 任何地方都不；什么地方也没有
He was nowhere to be found. 什么地方也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知道的地方：a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
▲altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 总共；总而言之
There were five of us altogether. 我们共有五人。
Altogether, the book is quite interesting. 总的说来，这本书相当有趣。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true, but I don't altogether agree. 你说的有些是真的，但我不能全都同意。
▲appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外表
Do not judge by appearances. 别从外貌判断事物。
n. being seen; coming 显露；出现
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause. 他一出场，礼堂里就掌声雷动。
▲latter adj. 后者
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
▲distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 区别；辨别
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不能辨认是棉花还是羊毛。(tell…from)
You are confusing things, let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，让我来把它区分出来。
▲in detail with all the facts 详细地 The teacher explained the text in detail. 老师详细地解释了课文。
Unit 5 Getting the message
Ⅰ. Words and Expressions（课文前面部分出现的）
1.convey ---- to take or carry from one place to another; transport. 运送；运输
----to communicate or make known; impart通知；通报；传达
The truck conveyed machinery across the country. 这辆卡车把机器运往全国各地。
Wires convey electricity.金属线导电。
I will convey the information to him.我将把这消息通知他。
2.advertise ---- to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim th equalities or advantages of (a product or business) so
as to increase sales. 做广告；---- to warn or notify告诫，告知
advertise sth做广告(宣传)，使……尽人皆知，put an advertisement做广告
Why not advertise your secondhand car in the local newspaper?为什么不在本地报纸上为你的二手车做个广告呢？
If you want to sell your secondhand car,why not put an advertisement in the local newspaper?
你如果想卖掉你的二手车，为什么不在本地报纸上做个广告呢？
advertise for sb/sth登广告招聘/欲购
The company advertised for a new secretary.公司登了广告招聘一名新秘书。
We should advertise for someone to look after our children.我们该登个广告聘人来照管孩子们。
advertiser 广告商
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.这份报告使广告商对今日妇女有了新的认识。
4.brand ---- A trademark identifying a product or a manufacturer
商标；牌子；烙印
What brand of soap do you like?你喜欢什么牌子的肥皂？
These cattle have my brand on them. 这些牛身上都有我打的烙印。
（常与of连用）特殊类型
his own brand of humor 他独特的幽默感
5.consideration ---- careful thought
Please give the problem your careful consideration. 请你仔细考虑这个问题。
短语：in consideration of 报答；由于under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中
take … into consideration 顾及，考虑到
Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when he marks your exams.
你的老师评定考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。
Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than I expected.
从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。
复习以前学过的词组
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
6.charge ---- expense; cost 费用；花费 ---- the price asked for something 价格，收费
a charge for the use of the telephone 使用电话的费用
The charge for a front-row seat is $3. 前排座位票价每张三美元。
----management 监督；管理
---- a claim of wrongdoing 指控；控告
a charge of stealing 对偷窃罪的指控
The charge carries a possible sentence of three years.这项控告可能要判三年徒刑。
短语：
in charge of 负责
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
in the charge of / in one’s charge 归某人负责；由某人监管
The factory is in the charge of a special committee. 这家工厂现在由一个特别委员会监管。
7.loss ---- The act or an instance of losing; something that is lost; people lost in wartime or an accident.损失；丧失；遗失。
The loss of my watch meant that I had to buy a new one.我的手表丢了就意味着我得买只新的。
Have you reported the loss of the technical papers about the new product to the police?
你们把丢失新产品技术文件的事向警方报告了吗?
His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.他的不幸去世对他的商行来说是个重大损失。
The losses are computed at $1000. 估计损失1000美元。
短语：
at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.赔本卖出货物
②迷惑的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些话
8.blame ----to hold responsible. 负责
---- To place responsibility for (something) 归咎：把（某事）责任归于…
Blame it!(美) 该死!
Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他,该怪我。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don't. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误。
If he fails the exam he’s only got himself to blame.如果他考试不及格，那只能怪他自己。
短语：be to blame 应受谴责
The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
n. 责怪，（对坏事所应付的）责任
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.法官把事故的责任归咎于汽车司机。
ⅠI. Words and Expressions（课文部分出现的）
1…they are broadcast on TV and over the radio,posted the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities.
电视机和收音机播放广告，因特网上登载广告，报纸上印制广告，广告牌上贴广告。
broadcast -- to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use.传播,传播（电台电视节目），供大众使用
--to send out or communicate, especially by radio or television. 播放：尤指通过电台、电视，播出，发送：
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.代理商通过电台紧急呼吁要求药品供应
to broadcast the gossip 传播流言蜚语
The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国广播公司每天广播。
Radio Beijing broadcasts on a dozen different frequencies.北京电台以十几种不同的频率进行广播。
作名词用：
The news broadcast will be at 7.00. 新闻广播将在7点开始。
post ---- to display (an announcement) in a place of public view. 贴布告：在公共场所贴（布告）
----to cover (a wall, for example) with posters. 贴海报：用海报张贴
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名单将于今天张榜公布。
The ship was posted missing. 该船宣告失踪。
2.The development of radio,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
广播、电视和其它媒体与广告业同步发展。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关系的
They went home hand in hand.他们手拉手回家了。
The development of agriculture should go hand in hand with that of industry. 工业和农业应共同发展。
Dirt and disease go hand in hand.肮脏与疾病是分不开的。
3.People react to advertisements in different ways.人们对广告的反应是不同的。
（1）vi. 反应，反抗
How did he react to your suggestion?他对你的建议有什么反应？
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子往往故意不听父母的话来表示抗拒。
How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她的反应是非常生气。
（2）vt. （指物质）起化学反应
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.酸可与碱起化学反应形成盐。
4.Some people find ads useful and entertaining;others think that they are annoying.有些人认为广告有用而且有趣，有些人认为它讨厌。
These flies are annoying me.这些苍蝇真使我心烦。
I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打断我的话。
be annoyed with sb for/at sth 讨厌某事为某事对某人生气
复习：be angry at/about sth
be angry with/at sb for doing sth
5.Defenders of ads say that ads help us make informed choices as consumers by introducing good quality products.为广告辩护者说，广告介绍了质地优良的产品，帮助消费者作出了明智的选择。
Can you inform where he lives?你能告诉我他住在哪儿？
He informed them of his arrival.他通知他们说他到了。
He is a well-informed man.他是个消息灵通人士。
inform against/on/upon sb告发/控告
informer告发者，检举者
6.On the other hand,critics sometimes accuse companies of using ads and misleading us by making us believe that a certain product is better than it really is or that we will be happier if we buy it.另一方面，批评者有时指责公司滥用广告误导我们，让我们相信某种产品比它的实际情况要好，或者购买某种产品会令人更加愉快。
to charge with a shortcoming or an error. 指责：因缺点或错误而指控
to charge formally with a wrongdoing. 指控：正式指控某一错误行径
The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。
The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
accuse 与charge
The police ______ him with murder. (1) charged
Tom _____ his boss of having broken his word. (2) accused
The police ______the driver with careless driving. (3) charged
His neighbour ______him of playing the musical instrument too loudly. (4) accused
7.By introducing a brand name to potential customers,and by associating the product with the customers’needs,companies are able to influence the choices customers.把一个商品品牌的名字告诉潜在的消费者，并把这种产品同消费者的需要联系起来，公司就可能影响消费者作出选择。
associate vt.把――和――联系起来
He associated himself with this campaign. 他把他自己与这次战役联系起来。
I didn’t want to be associated with it at all. 我根本不想参与这件事。
What do you associate with such a heavy snow? 这样一场大雪你有什么联想?
associate 还可以作不及物动词使用，“和……来往，和……共事（与with连用）解。
There he associated with working people. 在那里他与劳动人民来往。
8. Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.消费者每天看到大量的广告，因此广告商必须使出浑身的解数使消费者明白他们的意图。
get sth. across 使某事被理解（领会）
Our teacher is clever,but not very good at getting his ideas across to us.我们的老师很聪明，但他不善于把他的观点讲清楚。
The message got across at last.这信息终于被理解了。
9.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.接近消费者的最好机会是迎合消费者的情感。
appeal呼吁，恳求：热切或急切的要求、请求或恳求
Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you? 你有没有兴趣出国工作?
She appeals to me. 我对她感兴趣。
appeal （to sb） for sth. 请求某人某事；呼吁。。。，请求给与make an appeal
警方呼吁公众提供有关被害者的情况。
The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.
appeals to sb to do sth. 呼吁某人干. make an appeal for sb to do sth
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer.
谋杀案的被害家属已经请求最高法院作确切的答复。
上诉：appeal a decision to a higher court 不服判决提出上诉
He appealed against the judge's decision. 他不服法官判决而上诉。
作名词用:an appeal for aid 恳求援助 an appeal for forgiveness 恳求原谅
The teacher listened to his appeal. 老师倾听了他的要求。
10.It has been proven again and again that frequent advertising increases product sales.经常做广告会增加产品的销售额，这是一再证明了的事。
frequent：时常发生的, 频繁的
I enjoyed his frequent visits. 我喜欢他经常来访。
Frequent failures did not affect his morale. 屡次失败都没有使他泄气。
Rains are frequent here in early summer. 这儿在初夏季节常下雨。
She is a frequent visitor to our house.她是我们家的常客。
v.常去，时常出入于，与……经常往来
Police visited all the bars that the suspect frequented.警察视察了嫌疑犯时常出没的所有酒吧。
These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.这些森林里经常栖息着各种鸟类。
注意：frequent的反义词是 infrequent, frequent的副词是 frequently
11.Advertisements also help consumers choose among all the available products.广告还可以帮助消费者在所有能够找到的产品中进行选择。available（在第二单元中已经讲过，再复习一下）
This was the only available room.这是唯一可以利用的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
12. Armed with facts and figures,customers are better able to deal with the often powerful arguments by a salesman or saleswoman.掌握了一些事实和数据之后，顾客就能更好地应付销售人员强有力的说服。
figure:符号，数字 ,图表, 价格：用数来表示的价值
That car of his has been sold for a large figure 以高价出售
a figure of speech. 形象化的说法
She has a five-figure income. 她有五位数的收入。
figure in 包括：包括:figured in travel expenses 包含在旅行费用当中
figure on ①依靠We figured on your support. 我们就指望你的支持了
②把…估计在内；期望：I figured on an hour's delay. 我估计要延迟一小时
③计划We figure on leaving at noon. 我们计划中午走
figure out ①发现或决定：Let's figure out a way to help. 让我们来找出帮助的办法吧
②解决或破译：Can you figure out this puzzle? 你能找到谜底吗?
We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。
13.Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.并不是所有的广告都用来促销商品或为公司增加利润。
该句为不完全否定。相当于All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.
类似句型还有：Not every…=Every…not…Not both… =Both…not…
profit（1）n. 利润，赢利，利益
There are very little profits in selling newspapers at present.现在卖报纸利润很小。
We sold our house at a profit.我们出售房屋获得了利润。
This new invention will bring you great profits like a goldmine.
这项新发明会像一座金矿一样会给你们带来丰厚的利润。
I have read the book to my profit. 我读了这本书大有收益。
make a penny profit on each orange 要每只橘子盈利一便士
non-profit organisations非赢利组织（本课中出现的）
（2）v.有益于，对（某人）有好处
It will profit you nothing to do that.你做那件事没有好处。
She has certainly profited from spending a year in England.在英国度过的一年确实对她是有益的。
The students do hope to profit by / from the teacher's comments on their compositions.
学生们真心希望从老师对他们的作文的评语中获得益处。
对比：benefit/benefit from
14. Many governments used ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.
许多政府部门也采用广告作宣传，以使人民了解社会问题和政府的政策。
campaign 战役；计划
a campaign to stop people smoking 一项阻止人们吸烟的运动
Did you take part in either of my last two campaigns? 你有没有参加我（指挥）的上两次战役？
a fund-raising campaign 一项筹措资金的计划；
make… aware of 使……意识到
15.These”bad ads”use illegal ways to mislead consumers.这些“坏广告”采用不法手段来误导消费者。
an illegal immigrant. 非法移民 It is illegal to steal things. 偷东西是违法的
16.It is not always easy to spot a bad ad there are a few things we can look out for.First of all,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.要看出坏广告并不是容易的，但也有写情况是我们可以提防的。首先，我们要警惕“隐藏的信息”。
供阅读的其它知识点
1. policy ---- A plan or course of action, as of a governme
篇2：人教版英语第三册（必修）Unit 12语言点详解（江苏省石庄高级中学06届高三用）(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
1.comparisons
[U] 比较
He showed us a good tyre for comparison. 他给我们一个好轮胎作比较。
comparison of A to/and/with B, comparison between A and B A和B的比较
It is often useful to make a comparison between two things.
将两件事物相比较往往是有益的。
bear/stand comparison with sb./sth. 比得上某人/某物
That’s a good dictionary, but it doesn’t bear comparison with this one.
那是本好字典，但比不上这本。
by/in comparison with sb./sth. 相比之下，比较起来
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those in New York.
Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. 在实践中学习意味着积极地探索环境，通过触摸去了解事物。
此句中注意…by doing sth 这个结构，用来表示通过某种方式或手段。本文中出现的还有：
Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening.
有一些学生，他们发现学会一个新概念的最简单的方法是听老师解释，这些学生是通过听来学的。
compareA with B A和B的比较
2.People aged 15 and over who are unable or find it very difficult to read.
十五岁及以上不识字或识字有困难的人。
（1）这不是一个句子。句中的people被形容词短语aged 15 and over 和定语从句who are unable or find it very difficult to read 限定。
（2）aged 形容词。
①本句中意为“有…岁的，…年纪的。”
Among the smokers, about 20 percent of them are children aged between 13 and 15 years old.
百分之二十的吸烟者是13至15岁的儿童。
In the morning old people get up early and practice Qigong in groups in parks, and a lot of middle-aged
people dance together.清晨，老年人早起在公园里成群地练气功，中年人在一起跳舞。
② aged 还有“年老的”意思。 “the aged”指“老年人”。
The sick and the aged need our help.这些病人和老年人需要我们的帮助。
The aged woman was wrinkled and bent.这个老妇人满脸皱纹，佝偻着腰。
3.strict adj.严格的 严谨的，严密的
注意:be strict with sb./in sth.
We should maintain strict discipline.我们应当保持严格的纪律。
Her parents are strict with her.她的父母对她要求很严格。
Our teacher is strict in his work.我们的老师对工作非常严谨。
完全的，绝对的 常用短语：strict secrecy 绝密
4.a heavy workload（P.102）
She has a very heavy workload.她的工作量很重。
The machine can't cope with such a heavy load.这台机器承担不了这么中的工作负荷。
load负荷；负担；载重 ；装载量; [喻]负担; 重任, 工作量
The truck was carrying a load of bananas.卡车装了满满一车的香蕉。
a bus-load of schoolchildren满满一公共汽车的学童
a heavy teaching/learning load沉重的教学学习负担
[pl. ]许多, 大量, 一大堆loads of friends/money大批朋友= a load of
vt, vi（常与up, with连用）装，装满，载满
We loaded the truck with bananas. 我们把香蕉装上卡车。=We loaded the bananas into the van/lorry.
I was loaded down with the heavy luggage.这件大行李把我压得挺不起腰来。
Have you had your gun loaded?你的枪上了子弹吗?
Don’t move ! The gun is loaded. load a camera (with film)把胶卷装入照相机
load sb. with praise对某人大加颂扬 bear a load on one 's shoulders挑起重担
cast [lay] the load on [upon]把责任推给... take a load off one’s mind 消除思想负担
5.In 1986,the Chinese government introduced a law stating that by the year every Chinese child would have nine years of compulsory education. 在1986年，中国政府提出了一项关于在以前每个中国孩子将会接受九年义务教育的法律。
compulsory adj.强迫的， 强制的； 义务的； 必修的
compulsory measures强迫手段 compulsory legislation强制性立法
compulsory subjects必修科目 compulsory service system义务兵役制
Which subjects are compulsory in your school?在你们学校里，哪些课程是必修的？
Education is compulsory for all children in Britain between the age of 5 and 16.
在英国5岁到16岁的儿童都要接受义务教育。
6.Although there were several problems in reaching this target,the outcome was highly successful.
尽管在达成这个目标方面有一些问题，但是结果还是很成功的。
highly 与high 区别; close 与closely 区别
Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着？
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
引申：Suddenly the door was ______and in came Mr. Wang.
A. open wide B. widely open C. wide opened D. open widely
（答案为C，由前面的suddenly可见，此句强调动作，故用被动语态，而不用形容词，wide与widely都有副词，但是意义不同，他们的区别好象deep/deeply，high/highly，close/closely）
7.It is reported that 99% of school-age in China attended primary school by .
据报道，在以前，中国99％的学龄儿童能进入小学。
It is reported that 据报道。。。
类似的句型还有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced that …
8.In China,as in other countries,the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked
to education. 如同在其他国家一样，中国政府意识到中国市民的将来福利与教育密切相连。
(1) as in other countries,相当于as it is in other countries, it 指代的是后面提到的情形。
In India, as in China, you can enjoy ancient culture and attractive scenery.
在印度，正如在中国，你可以领略到古老的文化和迷人的风景。
(2) be closely linked to “与…紧密相关的”。由“link sth to(with) sth”而来，意为：“使和…联系起来”。
相当于“be related to”.
Ice and snow are closely linked to the lives of Canadians.冰与雪与加拿大人的生活紧密相关。
Violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.
暴力行为往往与看电视的后果相联系。
9.When the World Education Forum met in 2000,it calculated that here were 113 million children not in
schoool.At the Forum,the member countries of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Culture
Organisation(UNESCO)made a commitment to provide “complete,free and compulsory primary education of
good quality for all children by ”.They called this goal”Education For All”.These countries are now
trying to get every child into school,and they are experiencing smiliar difficulties to those that China faces.
在20召开的世界教育论坛会上，计算出有一亿一千三百万个孩子未进入学校。在论坛会上，联合教育成员国，科学和文化组织（UNESCO）做了一个承诺，目的是去提供“在之前，为所有孩子提供完全免费的高质量的义务教育”。他们称这个目标为 “全民教育“。现在，这些国家正努力去争取让每一个孩子都入学，而且他们也正经历着类似于中国所面临的困难。
commitment 承诺；责任；承担义务
The general has repeated his commitment to holding elections as soon as possible.
将军重申了尽快进行选举的承诺。
I've taken on too many commitments.我承担的义务太多了。
忠诚，信奉，支持
The company’s success this year would not have been possible without the commitment and dedication of the
staff. 如果没有员工的奉献精神，公司今年的成功是不可能的。
face to face 面对面地
I rushed out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss.我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。
The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个警察。
in the face of 不顾；面对，在…前面
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。
be faced with 面临
I realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem.
我意识到Hamlet面临着完全不同的问题。
The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes. 国家面临紧迫的问题，收新税。
10.To begin with, it is important to creat a positive attitude.In areas where agriculture plays an important
role,people do not attach importance to education,and parents are skeptical of anything that takes children
away from their work on the farm. 首先，创造一个积极的态度是一个重要的开端。在农业为主体的地区，
人们不重视教育，家长们对不让孩子们参加地里劳作的做法很有疑虑。
▲to begin with 首先，第一， 起初
I’m not going. To begin with I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.
我不去。一来我没票，二来我不喜欢这出戏。
To begin with he had no money, but later he became quite rich. 他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。
To begin with, we must consider the faculties of the staff all-sidedly.
首先,我们必须全面地考虑全体员工的素质。
类似词组有：to start with; to tell the truth; to be honest; to be frank; to make things worse
▲attach importance to
Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗？
关于attach 的其他用法请参看第五单元和第十单元
▲sceptical adj.怀疑论的; 不可知论的；怀疑宗教教条的; 怀疑的
He was skeptical about the announcement by the government.他对政府的通告表示怀疑。
(suspect /suspicious /suspicion)
be [fell] suspicious of [about]对...怀疑
I am suspicious of that woman - I think she may have stolen something from our shop.
.....我怀疑她有可能从我们商店偷了什么东西
I have a suspicion that she is not telling the truth.我怀疑她在说谎。
可疑的, 令人怀疑的suspicious actions可疑的行为
多疑的, 对...起疑心的(of, about) The ignorant are suspicious.无知者多疑。
sceptic 怀疑论者 scepticism 怀疑论，怀疑主义
Unit 11 suspect(P.93)
疑有,察觉
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
怀疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的。
怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected Bill of having done it. = The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
复习对比：
The police accused him of murder.= The police charged him with murder.警方指控他谋杀。
The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they'll come.我想他们会来的。
n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
11.It has to be explained how the child,the family and the community can be benefit,but it is not easy to change traditional ideas.China and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school,they have a tendency to be absent and often drop out later.In some cultures parents are particularly unwilling to send their daughters to school because the custom is to educate boys rather than girls. 尽管关于孩子，家庭和社区怎样才能受益已经做出了解释，但是要改变传统的观念是不容易的。中国和其他国家发现，即使当来自乡下的孩子开始上学的时候，他们经常旷课，然后就有退学的倾向。尤其是在一些地区，由于认为教育是给男孩的而不是为女孩的风气，所以父母总是不情愿送女儿上学。
▲tendency
There is an increasing tendency towards the use of mobile phones by middle school students.
中学生使用手机的趋势在上升。
She showed musical tendencies from an early age.她从小就显示出对音乐的喜爱。
have a tendency to do sth. 做…的倾向
She has a strong tendency to forget things. 她很容易忘记事情。
tend vi ① 有……的习惯或倾向，倾向于 (tend to do sth.)
Janet tends to get（=usually gets）very angry if you disagree with her.
你如果不顺着珍妮，她往往容易大发脾气。
② 通向，朝……方向发展 （tend+副词）
The road tends north .路向北延伸。
③ tend to/towards+名
The sort of music he listens to varies,but tends to pop music.
他所听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。
▲absent
（1）adj.① 缺席的，不在的（from）；
He is absent from Beijing.他不在北京。
He is absent in Beijing.他外出了，目前在北京。
He is often absent from classes.他经常缺课。
②心不在焉的，漫不经心的，茫然的（置于名词前）
There was an absent expression on his face.他脸上带着茫然若失的表情。
in an absent way 茫然地
（2）vt.（较正式）缺席不到 惯用语 absent oneself from 缺席
He absented himself from the meeting.他没有出席会议。
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的
▲drop out 退学 1 退出，脱离2 退学，辍学
（1）从（活动、竞赛中）退出
Since his defeat he has dropped out of politics.他失败后就不再从事政治活动了。
（2）中途退学、辍学
He dropped out of college after only 2 weeks.他在学院里只上了两周就退学了。
a word that has dropped out of the language 该语言中已经废弃的一个词。
Peter dropped out before completing one circuit/lap of the track.还没跑完一圈就掉队了。
其它词组：drop behind 落后 drop by 顺便访问：停下做短暂访问
drop off 睡着；减少 drop in on sb. at a place 顺便走访
drop into 跌入，落下，不知不觉
▲be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）乐意
They keep a list of people (who are) willing to work nights. 他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。
I’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.我十分乐意讨论这个问题。
They are unwilling to invest any more money in the project. 他们不愿再为这个项目投资。
She was unable, or unwilling, to give me any further details.她不能，或不愿意，向我提供进一步的细节。
12.China’s large population meant that the school had to expand to take in many more students. 中国人口众多，这就意味着为接受更多学生就必须扩大学校。
▲mean在此句中意为：“意味着…”后面可以跟名词、动名词或从句。
Life to him meant action, rather than thought.对他来说，生活意味着行动，而不是思索。
I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week.我不会等待，如果这意味着耽搁一个多星期。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.
在伦敦的一些地区，错过一辆巴士意味着得再等一个小时。
I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean to.
His father meant him to be an engineer. 他父亲想让他当工程师。
词组：
Don’t laugh! I mean it (= I am serious).不要笑，我是当真的。
You’re meant to (= you are supposed to) pay before you go in.
I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier).
我根本就不是块当兵的料。
Philip and Kim were meant for each other (= are very suitable as partners). Philip 和Kim真是天生的一对。
‘Do you mind if I have a look?’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。
The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。
She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
By no means are these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。
We haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
▲expand扩大，增大，膨胀，增强，伸展（become greater in size, number or importance）.
Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years.我们的对外贸易近来有极大的发展。
His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.
他原先不大的生意后来扩展成了超级市场集团企业。
The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine.花瓣在阳光下开放。
Water expands when it freezes.水结冰时体积膨胀。
Metal expands when heated. 加热，金属就会膨胀。
The eagle expanded its wings.老鹰展开翅膀。
In ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。
expand a story into a novel 把故事扩展成小说
详述（故事，论证等）,引申[(+on/upon)]
I don’t quite follow your reasoning. Can you expand (on it)?我不大理解你的论断，你能详细地加以说明吗？
You’ll have to expand your argument if you want to convince me.你如果想使我信服， 就必须详述你的论点。
They have expanded my view on the question.他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
变得更友善更健谈
He expanded a little when he had had a drink, and started to talk more freely.
他喝了一杯酒，变得更友善，并开始畅谈起来。
expansion n.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚
expansive(ly) adj.扩张(性)的, 膨胀(性)的; 辽[广]阔的, 浩瀚的, 广泛的
▲take in 本句中意为“接受，接纳。”它还可以表示以下等含义：
① 理解，领会，明白
They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder?
他们听了我的讲座，但是我怀疑他们到底听懂了多少。
② 包括，涉及
The article takes in all aspects of the problem.这篇文章包括了这个问题的所有方面。
③ 欺骗，使上当
Don’t trust that fellow, he’ll take you in if he gets the chance.不要相信那个家伙，他一有机会就回会骗你。
④ 将（衣服）收小，改瘦。
I’m getting much thinner, I’ll take in all my clothes.我瘦多了，我得将我所有的衣服都改小。
13.How people are distributed can also affect the education system. 人们如何被分配也能影响教育系统。
distribute...over ...把...配给到[分配到, 散布于]...
distribute sth. to把某物分[配, 发]给...
distribute sth. among把某物分[配, 发]给...
A leader distributed the prizes to/among the winners.一个领导把奖品颁发给优胜者。
He was distributing leaflets to the crowd.他正在向人群散发传单。
The new machine distributes seeds evenly and quickly.这部新机器播种又匀又快。
Our shops are distributed all over the city.我们的商店遍布全城。
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.老师把学生分成三组。
distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售, 法院对无遗嘱死亡者财产的分配, 分布状态, 区分
the distribution of wealth财富的分配 the distribution of profits利润的分配
the distribution of insects昆虫分类
14.These has been a shortage of teachers.Countries with a small population have problems too.In the Turks and Caicos Islands,where there are less than 20,000 people,the number of students in some schools is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same classroom. In China most citizens live in the eastern areas and this results in large class sizes. 已经出现老师短缺问题。人口少的国家也有问题。在特克斯和凯科斯群岛，人口不足两万，有些学校里学生数量很少，以至于不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。人们如何被分配也能影响教育系统。在中国，大多数市民住在东部区域，这造成了大班级。
result in （造成，导致）, result from （因……发生，随……产生）
因result in 果 导致 Hard work results in success
果 result from 因 由…导致 Success results from hard work.
job losses resulting from changes in production 生产革新造成的失业。
The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. 飓风已经造成成千上万的人死亡。
When water levels rise, flooding results.水位上升，就会发洪水。
15.Parts of the remote central and western provinces,however,have few people.Schools in these regions cannot support teachers for the small numbers of students at each level,so teachers have mixed-grade classes.In North and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1,000 km away from the nearest school. 然而，在遥远的中部和西部省份，人口太少，在这些区域的学校不可能为每个水平上的小数量的学生支援老师。因此，老师只能教混合班级。在澳大利亚的北部和中部，人口是如此的疏散以至于在一些乡下的定居区的孩子去远达1000公里的最近的学校去上学。
Halong Bay in Vietnam is made up of three thousand islands spread out in the clear green waters of the sea.
越南的九龙湾由三千个岛屿构成，这些岛屿散布在蔚蓝清澈的大海中。
spread out 分散 伸展身体，摊开东西
Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out.别都挤在一块儿，分开坐吧。
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa？你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。
as far as
as far as the eye can / could see 极目所尽
The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
As far as we knew, there was no cause for concern. 就我们所知，没什么可担心的。
As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 据我所记得的，她过去住在Chicago。
as / so far as sb/sth is concerned 就……而言
As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
16.The success of a country in bringing education to all also depends on the economy.In many developing countries there is not enough money available to provide classrooms,desks,chairs,books and teachers for all the children.To equip schools some of these governments rely almost completely on aid from other countries,international organizations such as the World Bank and non-governmental organizations such as Save the Children. 一个国家在教育上的成功也全部依赖于经济。在许多发展中国家，不可能有足够的钱来为所有的孩子提供教室、书桌、椅子、书籍和老师。为装备学校，一些政府几乎完全依赖其他国家的援助，国际组织如世界银行和象挽救孩子这样的非政府组织都在为这些国家提供帮助。
rely on/upon sb. /sth. to do sth./ depend on
依赖,指望某人、某事物
I relied on your coming early.我指望你早点来。
信任、依赖某人/某事物
You can rely on me to keep your secret.你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
复习depend on
The price depends on the quality.价格取决于质量。
Today,there are few industries and commercial organizations that do not depend on computers.
如今，几乎所有的工业和商业组织都依赖电脑。
The flooded areas depended on the government for relief.
洪水受灾地区依靠政府的救济。
You may depend on them to arrive early.他们早到是会靠得住的。
Shall we go climbing tomorrow? It all depends on the weather/That depends(It all depends).
明天去登山如何？看天气的状况再说吧。/要视具体情况而定。
17.Other countries receive help with particular programmes:both the World Bank and Save the Children have helped China with schools in less developed provinces.Corporation and private citizens also donate money through the Hope Project.
donate vt.捐赠，赠予 (contribute)
donate blood to a blood bank向血库献血
donate 1, 000 dollars to school给一所学校捐赠1, 000美元
捐献,捐赠[(+to)]
She donated her books to the library.她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
14.Even the richest nation in the world faces problems.The USA has found that it is not easy to make sure that every student receives the same quality of teaching.One in three students in the United States lives in the countryside,and providing them with a full curriculum is difficult. 甚至世界上最富有的国家也面临一些问题。美国已发现确定每位学生接受教学的相同质量是不容易的。三分之一的美国学生居住在乡下，给他们提供一个完整的课程是很困难的。
curriculum n.[C] 学校的全部课程
The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the curriculum.
这个学生知识很丰富,因为在学校课程以外他还学习别的东西。
(一门)课程
The professor is busy preparing his chemistry curriculum plan.这位教授正忙于准备他的化学课程计划。
18.Chian has also adopted distance learning methods such as television lessons,and in ,the Ministry of Education introduced computerised teaching networks in central and western China.中国已采用远程教学方法，像电视机，并且在，教育部采用计算机处理中部和西部的中国教育网络。
In today’s world of computerized working and developing technology, continued education is often essential for people to meet the changing requirements of their profession. 在工作电脑化和科技不断发展的今天，为了满足人们职业的不断变化的需求，继续教育是非常必要的。(p.105)
(1) 此句中应注意几个非谓语动词computerized, continued , developing和changing，在句中作定语, 分别限定其后面的名词。过去分词表被动，现在分词表示正在进行。
(2) computerize “用计算机做某事，使计算机化”。
The accounts section has been completely computerized.会计科已完全计算机化了。
computerize 的后缀- ize或 –ise表示“使…,…化”。
类似结构的词有modernize(现代化), realize(意识到)，apologize(道歉)，popularize(使…受欢迎)等。
(3) 此句中continued为形容词，作定语。 意为：“继续不停的(going without stopping)”。
We have accumulated rich experience for the continued education of government employees and
professionals.我们在组织和实施公务员和专业技术人员继续教育方面积累了相当丰富的经验。
(4) meet/satisfy/ fulfill the requirements “满足…的需求”。
Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly.我们的最新型号包你满意。
In applying for the position of sales manager I offer my qualifications, which believe will meet your
exacting requirements.
为了申请销售经理的职位，附上我的合格证书，我认为会符合你们严格的要求的。
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
你的文章应该包含提供的所有信息，并满足以下要求。
(5) profession n.职业，工作（多指具有某种专业知识的工作）
I think Jack should take up some other profession.我认为杰克应该从事其他什么职业。
She intends to make teaching her profession.她打算从事教学这一职业。
by profession 以…为职业，做…工作
I’m a carpenter by profession.我的职业是木匠。
professional adj.职业(性)的, 业务的,从事于专门职业的,以(运动等)为专业的
professional knowledge专业知识
professional men专家(尤指医生、律师等)
19.In these countries, where some people do not even have fresh water or basic health care, reaching the target of “Education for All” will be a huge task, despite help from the international community. 在这些国家里，有些人甚至不能喝到新鲜的水，得到基本的健康护理，要达到普及教育的目标将是一个艰巨的任务，尽管能得到国际社会的支持。
此句中where引导的定语从句限定前面的countries. 本文中出现了较多的where 引导的定语从句。应注意前面的先行词。
① In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than 20,000 people, the number of students in some
schools is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same class.
在特克司和凯科斯群岛，人口不足两万，有些学校学生数量很少，以至于几个不同年级的学生在同一
间教室里上课。
② To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” method, where the students have lessons by two-way radio
and mail.为了解决这个问题，澳大利亚采用了远程教学的方法，学生们可以通过双向广播和邮件传递
来学习。
20. However,balancing the workload of a demanding job alongside a course of study can be difficult…(p.105)
然而想要平衡费心费力的工作负担和课程学习的负担是很难的。
alongside prep.在…旁边，与…一起
The dog ran alongside me all the way.那狗一路上跟在我旁边跑。
We brought our boat alongside their boat.
我们把船靠到他们的船旁边。
除……之外
We have videos,recordings and other learning aids alongside（besides）the books.
除了课本之外，我们还有电视、录音和其他辅助教学设施。
alongside of沿着，并排，一起
The cars were parked alongside of each other.那些车并排停放。
21.Parents are not prepared to send girls to school because they do not believe it will be
of any benefit. 父母亲不愿意把女儿送去上学，因为他们认为这不会带来任何好处。(p.106)
(1) 此句中be prepared to 意为“能够并愿意做某事（be able and willing to do sth）”。
I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.我愿意把钱借给你，你得答应还给我。
I ’m not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults.我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。
（2）be of benefit to
① be of benefit to “对…有好处”。benefit前可用“real, great, much, immense”等形容词修饰。
Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操对你的健康有利。
② “(be)+of+名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时,相当于其中名词所对应的形容词的意思,说明被修饰
词具有某种特征或属性。
常用的名词有:use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. (of no interest=not interesting)
我不想听你说,我对此不感兴趣。
Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. (of great importance=very important)
煤对工业发展是相当重要的。
New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
新西兰的酒质量很好，并且被销往世界各地。
You'll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
22. However, when the facts are examined, it is clear that educating girls leads to
improved health and levels of income. 然而，仔细观察事实可以发现，显然让女孩接受教育，最终可以改善健康状况和提高收入水平。P.106
复习
(1)此句中应注意句型It is clear that …,it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。从句的主语是动名词短语educating girls, improved health and levels of income作lead to 的宾语。
类似的句型有：
It is clear ( obvious, evident, true, possible, certain...) that .....
常译为“清楚（显然，明显，真的，可能，肯定．．．）”，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.大家都清楚那个孩子受过虐待。
(2)lead to sth “导致某种结果( have sth as its results)”。 lead to中的to为介词。
后跟名词或动名词, 上海高考题中，thief与catch 之间是被动关系, 故用了动名词的复合结构的被动形式。
The discovery of new evidence led to _______ .
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards。
婴儿学会做事情，因为它的某些行为能有所回报，这个观念为人们所普遍接受。
(3)improved health 其中的“improved” 是过去分词作定语，限定health。
School health programs lead to increased student wellness and improved ability to learn.
学校的健康活动改善了学生的身体状况，并且也提高了学生的学习能力。
He believes that only hard work and perseverance can improve himself in oral English/improve his oral
English.
他相信只有努力和毅力才能提高他的英语口语水平。
Integrating skills，
23. In other aspects you have a lot in common.而在别的方面。你们却有许多相同的地方。
aspect n.样子, 外表, ; 神态; 方面; 情况, 状况; 方位, 方向, 观点
the aspect of the whole area全地区的面貌
consider other aspects of the matter考虑事情的其它方面
from legal aspect从法律的观点
discuss a subject in all aspects
24.Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate their intelligence and ability.
学习风格理论表明不同的人有不同的获得信息的方式，并且用不同的方法表现出他们的智力和能力。
(1) suggest
①本句中suggest表示“暗示、表明”时，后接名词或that从句（从句谓语用陈述语气）。
Are you suggesting that I’m too old for the job?你的意思是说我太老而不能胜任这个工作了？
His failure in the exam suggested that he had not worked hard enough．
他考试没及格表明他学习还不够努力。
②suggest表示“建议、提议”时，后接名词、代词、-ing形式或that从句（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）。
I suggest we go shopping together and look for a nice tank．
我建议我们一起去商店买一个精致的鱼缸。
I suggested that you（should）leave early．/I suggested your/you leaving early.我建议你早点动身。
(2) obtain 取得某物，经（买、借、拿等）获得
There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money.Those people try to get money by dishonest means.
有一些通过欺骗和赌博获得钱的人，他们总想通过不诚实的手段来得到钱。
I obtained this record for you with difficulty.我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。
辨析：get, obtain, acquire, gain, win, earn这组动词的一般含义是“得到”。
obtain较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts.
那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的资料。
Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information.
那时平常的人便能运用它们去获取宝贵的信息。
get普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
我坐在公共汽车的前部，以得到有利于观赏农村风光的机会。
acquire强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
接到把车开出城的指令后，我的信心增长了。
gain侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。
During that time, she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.
在这期间，她得到了我姑姑如此的信任，结果被委任为家仆的负责人。
A penny saved is a penny gained.省一文是一文。(谚语)
win主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。
It seemed certain that this would win the prize.这一块会得奖，这似乎是肯定的了。
This invariably wins them the love and respect of others.
这种行为常常为他们赢得别人的爱戴和尊敬。
earn侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。
His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。
Some of them have come home for a few days' hard-earned leave.
他们中的有些人已经回国，度过那得之不易的几天假日。
(3)demonstrate
① demonstrate在本句中指“表明，表示（show）”.
His sudden departure demonstrates that he is unreliable.他的突然离去表明他的不可靠。
② demonstrate 在高二教材中出现时，表示“示威集会或游行 ”。
可构成词组，demonstrate (against/in favor of sb /sth) 示威游行反对或赞成某人或某事。它的名词形
式有demonstrator游行者,示威者，demonstration 示威或游行。
Thousands demonstrated against the price increases.数以千计的人举行示威，抗议物价上涨。
The police arrested more than 100 demonstrators.警察逮捕了100多名示威游行者。
25.Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles: learning through seeing, learning through listening and learning through doing. 尽管专家对学习有很多的想法和分类，但显然，人们通过三种基本的方式来学习：视觉型学习，听觉型学习和动觉型学习。
(1) It is evident that …主语从句。相当于 “It is clear/obvious that …”.
(2) evident 形容词，表示“明显的，清楚的（obvious, clear）”。
He looked at his children with evident pride.他以明显的得意态度望着他的孩子。
The applause made it evident the play was a hit.掌声表明这个戏剧很成功。
evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物
There is no evidence that he is quilty.没有证据证明他有罪。
for lack of evidence因为缺少证据
on evidence依据证据
evident obvious apparent 意思都含“明显的”。
evident多用于推理及抽象的事, 指“明显的”
obvious 指“容易知道或发现, 无须解释或证明的”,
apparent 含“一目了然的”的意思, 还可指“思想上容易理解的”
It's evident that the plan is impracticable.很明显这计划是不能实现的。
It's obvious that a man isn't strong enough to lift an elephant.很明显, 一个人是不能举起大象的。
It's apparent that you can't be trusted.很显然,你是不可信赖的。
The rope had been cut, so it was evident/obvious that the lamb had been stolen.
绳子是被割断的，因此这只羊羔显然是被偷去的。
注：此句中的obvious 换用evident则更确切。
clear(以及常见的plain)是口语中常用词，其含义为“清楚易懂”。clear 除了“清楚的”，“清晰的”之外，还有许多其他含义。如“流畅的”，“无障碍的”等。
The water of the lake is as clear as glass.湖水清彻如同明镜。
He gave a clear answer to the direct question.他对那个直截了当的问题作了清晰的答复。
plain除了“清楚的”、“浅显的”之外，也有些别的含义。
a plain face一个普通的或不漂亮的面孔
The letter was written in plain English.那封信是用浅显的英语写的。
26.They select a variety of activities to suit their students’ different learning styles.
他们挑选各种各样的活动，以适合学生不同的学习风格。
▲select
She selected a diamond from the collection.她从收藏品中挑选了一颗钻石。
These oranges have been carefully selected.这些橙子是精选的。
He was selected to play for England.他被选中代表英格兰去参赛。
比较：select和choose
choose用途最广，指一般的“选择”，有时特指“抉择”，侧重意志或判断。
I leave it to you to choose between the two methods.
我任你在这两种方法中间作出抉择。
choose和select 有时可以通用，主要不同在于：
①choose 往往是以个人的好恶或对个人是否合适为标准；select 则更强调客观优劣，或为了达到
某一目的的条件上的优劣。
②choose有选定后就要“坚守”或“从事”的含义；select则没有。因此，“选择一生事业/爱人”
等应译作：to choose a career/a husband,etc.
③choose可接不定式表“宁愿；决定”，select不能。
表示选择的其他动词elect, pick, prefer, opt
elect指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。
pick口语用词，多指从个人角度仔细挑选，也含任意挑选之意。
prefer强调个人偏爱，不一定有选择的行动。
表示选择的名词choice, alternative, preference, option, selection, election
choice侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。
alternative指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。
preference侧重因偏见、爱好或判断等而进行选择。
option着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常常相互排斥。
selection指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。
election强调目的和达到目的判断能力。
▲suit
① n.一套衣服（通常包括用相同衣料做的短上衣、裤子和裙子）；（用于某活动的）套装
a dark suit 一套深色衣服 a business suit 一套西装
a three-piece suit 一套三件式套装 a spacesuit 宇航服
a diving suit 潜水服 a swimsuit 游泳衣
②2suit vt.
fit 指衣服的大小，尺寸的合身，吻合，协调
suit 指衣服的样色，颜色，款色的合身，或时间，天气，口味，价格，环境，交通，性格，地位
的适宜，适合。
match和…相配/相称，比得上
The climate doesn’t suit me.
No one matches him in singing.
Will it suit you if I come around at three?
The gold chain matched his watch.
The shirt of yours fits you very well
It doesn’t suit you to have your hair cut short.
The picture matches the story.
suit在课文句中表示“适合，适应（satisfy, meet the needs of, be convenient）”。
He said he knew of a hotel that might suit them.他说他知道一个可能适合他们的旅馆。
Let’s fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you?我们定个日子吧，周六晚方便吗？
suitable:be suitable for/to “适合,合适”。在后面的writing中有一个句子。
What aspects of your study habits are not suitable to your learning style and why.
你的学习习惯的哪些方面是不适合你的学习风格的，为什么。
When we design buildings, we should keep in mind that there should be apartments that are suitable for
disabled persons.当我们设计大楼的时候，我们要记住：应该设计一些适合残疾人居住的公寓。
27.Students who have this learning style take a hands-on approach to education and enjoy doing experiments or surveys.具有这种学习方式的学生通过动手实践的方式来接受教育，他们喜欢做实验，作调查
approach vt./n. 接近，靠近，建议，要求，（待人接物或思考问题的）方法，方式，态度
We heard the sound of an approaching car / a car approaching。我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。
She approached the bank for a loan.她向银行要求贷款。
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
学校决定采用另一种方式解决纪律问题。
28.However,restrictions of time,space and resources often make it impossible to provide the best exercise for all learners.然而由于时间、空间和资源上的限制常常使教师无法给所有的学生提供最好的训练。
restriction n.限制，约束
The park is open to the public without restriction.该公园无任何限制对公众开放。
He dislikes their restriction of his freedom of choice. 他讨厌他们对他的自由选择进行限制。
The government placed restrictions on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
政府限制进口外国轿车。
restrict vt.限制，限定
The sale of alcohol is restricted in Britain.在英国，酒的销量是受限制的。
restrict…to…把…限制在…内
We restrict membership of the club to schoolboys.我们俱乐部的会员仅限于中学生。
He was restricted to (smoking) three cigarettes a day.他受到限制，每天只能抽三根烟。
29.advocate vt.拥护, 支持; 提倡; 主张; 建议; 辩护
advocate+n./doing
I advocate a policy of gradual reform.我拥护逐步改革的政策。
Do you advocate banning cars in the city center?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？
n.辩护者; 律师; 拥护者; 倡导者; 鼓吹者; 替人说情者
the Judge A-军法会议的理事(官) an advocate of peace拥护或提倡和平的人
30.Organise a study schedule to include frequent breaks.
schedule n. 计划表，日程安排表
a schedule of postal charges邮资一览表 a sailing schedule航运时刻表
a train schedule火车行车时刻表 a production schedule生产进度[计划]表
What's your schedule for tomorrow ?你明天的日程安排如何?
according to schedule按时间表; 按照原定进度 on schedule按时间表, 准时
ahead of schedule提前
The task will be finished ahead of schedule if nothing prevents.如果没有阻力的话，这个任务就会提前完成。
behind schedule落后于计划或进度; 迟于预定时间
make a study schedule/plan 制定学习计划
篇3：人教版英语第三册（必修）Unit 11语言点详解（江苏省石庄高级中学06届高三用）(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)
Language points
第一部分（课文Making the Team Work前面出现的）
1.criterion 复数criteria :标准：一种借以作出判断或决定的标准、准则或测试.
What criteria do you use to judge a good wine?你用什么标准判断酒的好坏？
Our proposal failed to meet the criteria established by the government so they gave us no money.
我们的建议不符合政府确定的标准，因此他们不给我们钱。
In order to apply for this position, applicants MUST meet the following criteria.
要想申请这个职位，申请者必须符合下列标准。
criteria指用于检测、评判质量的标准,不管是否成文 standard表示法定的,权威的度量货质量标准2. Do you stick with your friends through thick and thin? What is the moment for you to pull out of a friendship?
▲stick with和某人在一起，支持某人，和某人保持联系或继续做某事
Stick with me and you’ll be all right.有事来找我，你就没有问题了。
I’ll stick with your decision on this issue . 我支持你在这个问题上的决定。
I hope you’ll stick with this job until next year .我希望你做这项工作做到明年。
If you stick with it, your performance will gradually get better.
如果你坚持不懈的话，你的能力就会渐渐增强的。
be stuck with [俚]被...缠住无法摆脱, 遇到困难无法进行下去
We were stuck with relatives who came to stay unexpectedly. 我们不得不接待不期而至的亲戚们. Will you help me with this mathematical problem I'm stuck with it.
这道数学题你能帮我一下吗? 我怎么也解不出来。 复习：be in/out of contact with，keep track of/lose track of与……保持联系/失去联系
get in touch with/keep in touch with，stay in touch with和……保持联系
contact sb和……联系
make contact with the ship by radio用无线电与船联系
▲through thick and thin 同甘共苦，共同分担艰难困苦 She feels like a fool for sticking with her husband through thick and thin.
她觉得和丈夫一起吃苦受罪太傻了
The couple have gone through thick and thin for many years.这对夫妇同甘共苦了好多年。They stuck together through thick and thin.不管有什么艰难险阻。他们都紧密团结在一起。
▲pull out
（指车辆、船只等）驶出，（火车）驶离车站（反义词组pull in）
The ship pulled out into the middle of the river.那只船划到了河中央。
拉掉，拔掉，使分离
He pulled out a gun.他掏出一枝枪。
使……从……中退出（of）
The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.这个计划耗资太大，我们只好退出。
The general pulled his troops out of the area.将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。
He threatened to pull out of the common market.他威胁要退出共同市场。
out of丧失, 放弃
His family are living a poor life for his father has been out of work for months.
超出…之外 My watch is out of order.
3.Do you prefer doing things on your own or in group?
on one’s own=all on one’s own=alone
She lives on her own.她独自过日子。
He can be left to work on his own.工作可交给他一人做。
Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own.
尽管他父亲在公司里，但他那份工作却是靠自己得到的。
4. The listening is a summary of research into the ways Chinese students in Auckland spend their leisure time.
Summary:概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day's events.他对一天的事件作了扼要的报告。
总结,摘要,一览[C] [(+of)]
He made a summary of the case.他为这个案件做了一个摘要。
leisure time(time free from work or other duties)=spare time
They’re seldom at leisure.他们难得清闲。
5. Percentage A small percentage of the workers are unskilled. 少数工人是非熟练工。Beijing's housing price growth was 0.7 percentage points lower than the national average in October.
……低了0.7个百分点。
6.Having the reputation of being honest,responsible and reliable will make otherpeople trust you?
reputationThe products of Hongye Brand have been exported to many countries and areas for several years and have won a good reputation both at home and abroad.
红叶牌产品已经出口到好多国家和地区，在国内外赢得了很好的声誉。Shizhuang Middle School is a one with an excellent reputation.石庄中学是一所享有盛誉的学校。
a good/bad reputation as a doctor医疗信誉好/坏
have a reputation for laziness/for being lazy以懒惰而出名
she had a reputation for generosity 她以慷慨大方博得好评
ruin one’s reputation 毁了声誉win a reputation获得名声
live up to one’s reputation不负盛名
7.Not only will these qualities make you rise in the eyes of others,you will also feel better about yourself.
in the eyes of sb：在某人的心目中，在某人看来
In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.在父亲的眼里你仍是个孩子。
In the eyes of the law,she is guilty.从法律上说，她有罪。
复习：
Keep an eye on the baby.照看一下这个婴儿。
I’ve lost my ring-Could you keep an eye out/keep an eye openfor it when you clean the room?
我的戒子不见了，你打扫房间时留点儿意好吗？
catch sb.'s eye引起(某人)注目 clap eyes on看见；注视 run one's eyes over扫视，浏览 see eye to eye看法完全一致
fix one’s eyes on 盯住
People full of action and ideas are often the ones to bring new energy to the group,while people who are mainly listening and commenting are often the ones to keep an eye on procedures that must be followed.
那些富于实干和思路开阔的人常常是给小组带来新的活力的人，而那些主要是倾听和评论的人则常常是监管工作流程的人。
8.suspect(P.93)
疑有,察觉
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
怀疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的。
怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected Bill of having done it. = The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
复习对比：
The police accused him of murder.= The police charged him with murder.警方指控他谋杀。
The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they'll come.我想他们会来的。
n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
9.requirement(P.93) 要求，需要
If you have any requirements, ask me.如果你有什么要求，就向我提出来。
But a project team requires very different roles from those of a rugby team.(P.94.)
但是一个项目小组所要求的角色却同橄榄球的角色大不相同。第二部分（课文Making the Team Work中出现的）
10.What if you feel comfortable doing a task by yourself?
假如你觉得一个人干工作还舒服些，那有怎么办呢？
what if常用来引导问句, 表示 “倘若…将怎么样? 即使…又有什么要紧?
What if he doesn’t come?如果他不来，将怎么样呢？
What if they don’t agree with us? 如果他不同意我们的意见，那又怎么样？
11.Especially at school,it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.
特别是在学校，有时我们感觉似乎是为了团队活动而搞团体活动。
for the sake of 由于; 为了…的利益; 看在某人的份上
for one’s/sth’s sake 为了…, 看在…的份上
He bought a house in the country for the sake of his wife’s health.
为了妻子的身体他在乡下买了一栋房子。
For goodness’ sake, will you stop that noise?看在上帝的份上，请你不要吵闹了好吗？
It is entirely for your own sake that I am speaking.完全是为了你我才这样说的。
12.A team is group of individual people brought together in order to accomplish a task that cannot be efficiently or effectively completed by an member of the group alone.团队就是许多人组合起来完成一项组内任何个人都不能高效或有效地完成的工作。
individual
Each individual boy in the class has his own personalities. 这个班上的每一个男孩都有自己的个性。
an individual style of speaking 独特的谈话风格
She wears very individual dresses. 她的衣着非常独特。
accomplish/complete/finish的区别
accomplish后面最常用的名词是task（任务），aim（目的），jounery（旅程），voyage（海程）
The explorers accomplished the voyage in three weeks.探险队在三星期里完成了海程。（到达目的地）
complete比accomplish更具体。后面最常用建筑、工程、书籍等名词作宾语（这些都不能用accomplish）
The building will be completed by the end of this month.这座楼将与月底结束。
finish和complete在许多情况可以通用，但是以下三点要注意：
①finish后面可接动名词族宾语，而complete则不能
He has finished speaking.他的话说完了。
②finish指消极的“完成”，如用完，吃完等；complete则指积极性的完成。因此“吃完饭”只能翻译成：finish a meal。这个区别在下面的句子中非常明显：
I have finished the book我已经读完这本书了。
I have completed the book我已经写完这本书了。
③finish在被动语态中可以有“全完了”，而complete则没有此意义
Now that people are no longer superstitious,fortune-telling as a profession is finished.
现在的人都不迷信了，因此算命这一行就算完了。
13.The group may be temporary or stay together for a long period of time.
这个组合可能是临时的，也可能是长期的。
temporary: not permanent
After over 24 hours of traveling, Team USA has settled into their temporary home in Mianyang City, China. 经过24小时的旅途，美国队在中国绵阳市的临时居所住了下来。
14.In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles.在运动队里，每一个队员都有一个明确的任务，队员们对自己的任务搞混了或不明确的情况很少。
uncertain 不确定的，不可预测的
It is uncertain that there's a cure for this illness at present. 现在这种病尚无确实可靠的疗法。
复习sure和certain的联系和区别：（供学生阅读消化）英语中的sure和certain是近义形容词，均有“肯定的；确信的；有把握的”的意思，它们的用法也大体相似，许多情况下可以通用，但它们之间也有一些差别。 相同点两者都能用于“be sure/certain + about /of短语”句型中，表示“对（某事）有把握”。主语必须是人，about/of之后多跟名词、代词。 I am sure/certain of his returning. 我确信他会回来。
He is quite sure/certain of /about it. 他对这事很有把握。 两者都能用于be sure/certain to do sth句型中，表示“一定会做某事”，主语可以是人，也可以是物。 Spring is sure/certain to follow winter. 冬天过后一定是春天。
They are sure/certain to come. 他们一定会来的。
两者都能用于“be sure/certain +从句”句型中，表示“确信……”，主语只能是人，而不能是物。 Tom is sure/certain that I put the key on the table. 汤姆确信我把钥匙放在桌子上了。
We are sure/certain that the book will be of great help to us.我们相信这本书对我们会有很大帮助。 两者都能用于“make sure/certain +从句”结构中，表示“确定；弄清楚”，主语只能是人。 You must make sure/certain when the bus will leave. 你必须弄清汽车何时出发。 He made sure/certain that he had turned off the gas. 他确信他关掉了煤气。不同点
“I ' m sure…”与“I ' m certain…”均可译为“我深信（确）信……”，但两者的含义却不同。前者表示一种主观上的判断或感觉，事实并不一定如此。后者强调的则是客观事实，意为主语已经知道后面的内容是既定的事实。试比较下面一组句子：I'm sure he didn't steal it. He isn’t that kind of person. 我确信他没偷，他不是那种人。
I'm certain he didn't break the cup.I broke it myself.
我敢肯定他没有打碎那个茶杯，（因为）那个茶杯是我打碎的。 如果it作为形式主语代替从句时，则其后的表语用certain，而不能用sure。 It isn ' t certain whether he will give us a report next Monday.
下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定。 两者在作定语时含义不同：sure意为“可靠的；无误的”；而certain若修饰可数名词，意为“某一；某些；某种；一些”，若修饰抽象名词，表示程度，意为“有点；有些”。 The letter was sent by a sure hand. 信已由一位可靠的人寄出了。
He made a sure answer. 他回答得准确无误。
A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天有个人来找过我。 在祈使句中常用sure，不宜用certain。
Be sure and remember what I told you. 千万要记住我对你讲的话。
Be sure to write and tell me all the good news. 务必写信告诉我所有的好消息。 口语中，sure常作副词，用在肯定答语中替代surely，这时与of course，certainly意思相当，而certain不可作副词用。
-Would you please turn down the radio a little bit? 请你把收音机音量拧小点，好吗？
-Sure. 当然可以。-Do you still remember our first fishing trip?
-I sure do. 你还记得我们第一次去钓鱼吗？当然记得了。
小结不同点
sure certain
表示判断 主观上的 客观上的
It作形式主语 不可用 可用
作定语的意义 可靠的；无误的 某一；某些；某种；一些
在祈使句中 常用sure 不宜用certain
作副词用 可以 不可
15.Roles of team members are accepted and there are no conflicts expectation and responsibilities attached to each role.他们的职责是经过大家认可的。对每个职责的期望值和责任新大家没有异议。
复习：attach to
attach label to parcel 给包裹贴标签(Unit 5)
attachment附件
① 加入，参加
Pro. Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years.
史密斯教授在医学院当了两年的客座教授。
② 加于…之上
No blame attaches to him for the accident. 这个事故他没有受到责备。
We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.
我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。
be attached to
认为重要；特别喜爱
Do you attach any importance to what he said?你认为他说的话重要吗？
Mary was attached to her brother. 玛丽很喜爱她的弟弟。
I am very attached to that old picture. 我很喜欢那幅旧画。
③be attached to连在...上；附属于
The hospital is attached to that university.这医院附属于那所大学
16.However,when forming teams to complete tasks at school,we are often hardly aware of this.
然而当要组成团队来完成学校的任务时，我们常常意识不到这一点。
Many governments used ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.
许多政府部门也采用广告作宣传，以使人民了解社会问题和政府的政策。（Unit 5 Getting the message）
17.Group work shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different personalities.团队活动向我们表明别人的角色是怎样适应小组目的的，同时还告诉我们要有耐心，并教给我们如何应对不同个性的人。
respond to响应, 作出反应
They eagerly responded to the Party’s call and went to work in the border regions.
他们热情响应党的号召，到边疆工作去了。
They responded at once to the strike.他们对这次罢工立即作出了反应。
复习下列词组：
add up to 合计达
adapt to适应
apply to对……适用
attend to照看，照料
belong to属于
be suited to / for…适合于
cater to 投合，迎合（尤指不良的愿望、需要等）
compare …to…把..比作，把…与…相比
be devoted to 贡献给，致力于
come to 苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐
contribute to贡献给……，献给……
devote one’s attention to 专心于
devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于，致力于
do /cause damage to 损害
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于
do harm to (=do sb. harm) 有害于
do wrong to (=do sb. wrong) 冤枉某人
get close to 接近，靠近
get down to 认真对待，静下心来
go back to 追溯至
devote to献身于，专心于
get used to/get accustomed to习惯于
look forward to 盼望，期待
refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅
owe … to…把…归功于，把…归因于
put an end to 结束，终止，废除
stick to 坚持，忠于，粘到…上
see to 照顾，处理，注意
set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁
turn to 求助于, 变成；着手于
familiar to sb为…所熟悉(familiar with sth.对…熟悉)
come to an agreement 达成协议
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end 终止，结束
see to it that…照料，努力使，注意把
come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿，
come to an understanding 取得谅解
18.As with sports teams,group wok can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other,while the work division is clear and each member performs at the right level in the role that is most suitable to him or her.正如运动队一样，小组活动只有在组员们相互尊重、相互帮助和相互支持的情况下才能取得成功。与此同时，分工明确，而且每个成员都要能在他们最合适的角色上发挥出正常的水平。
division n.分开,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
编写者都同意把教科书分成十二个单元。
分配,分派[U] [(+between/among)]
The thieves quarreled about the division of their stolen goods. 这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。
除(法)[U]
The boy has learnt to do division.这个小男孩已学会做除法。
Thirty divided by three is a simple division.30除以3是一个非常简单的除法。
as with 就…而言
As with the experienced participants, you will want to use test tasks that are as natural as possible 对于那些有经验的参与者来讲，你希望尽量采用比较自然的测试任务
表至于还可用：
as for
I enjoy going to the movie . but as for the theater, I prefer staying at home.我喜欢看电影，至于看戏，我宁愿呆在家里
as to
As to money , he is different 关于钱，他漠不关心
She was at a loss ( as to) how to explain it 她全然不知该如何说明这件事
19.Teams also need people to identify problems and others to suggest solutions.团队需要有人来判断问题，还需要另外的人来提出解决问题的办法。
20.In small teams,members may combine roles according to their personalities.在小型团队里，有的队员根据其个人品质可能身兼数职。
combine sth(with sth)
combine the work with pleasure将娱乐和工作结合起来
combine business with pleasure寓娱乐与工作之中
They combined their efforts to finish the work.他们结合彼此的力量来完成工作。
combine(against sth.)
The two parties combined against the government.两党联合起来对抗政府。
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.
combination
The United States is a combination of 50 states.
She has/owns the right combination of beauty and talent to become a star.
她拥有成为明星兼备的美貌和才华
21.Some are good at evaluating,while others are good at compromising in conflicts,and keeping peace and harmony in excited discussions.有的人善于评估，而另外一些人则善于在矛盾中作协调工作，在激烈的讨论中保持平静、和谐。
compromise妥协,和解[C] [U] [(+between)]
I hope we shall come to a compromise.我希望我们能达成妥协。
妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。22.Rules and regulations help teams function well,but we should always guard against making teams too bureaucratic.规章制度有利于团队功能的发挥，但是我们经常应该防止使团队过于官僚制度化。
guard against 对…提防
A helmet guards your head against/from injuries 头盔可以保护你的头免于受伤害
keep guard 守望，警戒 off one’s guard 不提防的，疏忽的
on one’s guard 看守的，警戒的 stand guard 站岗，放哨
23.Working in a team ,we have to take into account how each individual member works best.
take into account= take account of=take into consideration
复习（Unit 1）I bought the bike on account.我赊账买了这辆自行车。
We could not go on account of the rain.因为下雨我们不能去。
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不论什么原因游客都不允许用东西喂动物。
It is a matter of great account.这是一件重要的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
烟民占世界总人口的20%。
She gave an account of what he saw in China. 他描述了他在中国看到的事情。The suspect couldn't account for his time that night. 嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排
24.Some work best on tasks alone,while others work best in groups.有的人在单独工作时干得很好，而另外一些人则在群体中干得好。
25.Knowing other people’s shortcoming can help us avoid embarrassing them.
了解别人的短处可以帮助我们不致使别人感到为难。
embarrasse vt.（常用于被动语态）（尤指在交际场合）使窘迫，使尴尬,使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Are you trying to embarrass me?你是想让我难堪吗？
She was embarrassed when they kept telling her how clever she was.
他们不停地说她聪明，令她感到不好意思。
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question.亚瑟似乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。
使负债;使拮据
A large family embarrassed him.他子女多,这使他经济拮据。
妨碍,阻碍
Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.穿着厚大衣妨碍了他的行动。
embarrassing adj.令人困惑的，尴尬的
embarrassment n.［U］窘迫；［C］令人窘迫的人或事
He could not hide his embarrassment.他无法掩饰自己的窘迫。
That rude child is an embarrassment to her parents.那粗鲁的孩子让她父母难堪。
第三部分（课文Making the Team Work后出现的）
26.According to the author,some team members work best in tasks alone.Is this statement contradictory or not? (Post-reading)
contradictory adj 矛盾的，对立的
contradictory elements相互矛盾着的因素
contradiction ,n 矛盾
principal contradiction 主要矛盾
in contradiction with 与…矛盾，与…相抵触
His words are in contradiction with his action他的言行矛盾=His words don’t agree with his action.
27.many people believe that life in mordern society is becoming more dangerous,but as a matter of fact violent crimes do not occur as often as newspapers suggest.(language practice)
as a matter of fact=in reality=in fact=actually
violent adj 猛烈的，剧烈的，暴力的，感情，语言等激昂的，激烈的
a violent storm 狂风暴雨
a violent blow 猛烈一击
He gave the man a violent blow 他给予那个人以猛烈一击。
He was violent when he got drunk.他酒喝醉了就要使暴。
meet a violent death死于非命 in a violent temper大发脾气
adv violently n violence
28.As a result of certain news in the media,several senior officials lost face and were forced to resign.
resign(language practice)
放弃，辞去
resign one’s right放弃某人的权利
resign one’s position as a secretary辞去秘书的职务
把…交给Resign sth/sb to/into sth
I resign my son to your care我委托你照顾我儿子
I was resigned to my fate我听天由命
听从，服从Resign oneself to
I resign myself to your guidance我听从你的指导
使听从,使顺从 [(+to)]
He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate. 他听天由命
29.Good teams require coach and ambitious people whose goal is to succeed. (language practice)
ambitious adj.有雄心的；雄心勃勃的；渴望
They are ambitious although they are poor.他们虽穷却很有志气。
Everyone is ambitious of success in life. 每个人都渴望在人生中能飞黄腾达。Paul is ambitious to get the position. 保罗渴望能得到这个职务。
30. While pushing the team to greater achievements,the coach must keep an eye on the development of each individual team member as well as on that of the group as a whole. (language practice)
as a whole： all parts or aspects considered; altogether:
on the whole 总的看来：
On the whole, they are a happy marriage. 总的看来，他们是个幸福的结合
31.Everybody will remember how excited the public was when the Chinese national soccer team made it into the World Cup. (language practice)
rugby 英式橄榄球 football 美式橄榄球 soccer 足球Rugby football虽然被翻译成橄榄球，但它的起源却与橄榄Olive一点关系也没有。Rugby 其实是一个英格兰小镇的名字，小镇上有一间叫Rugby School的公学。 据说，在1823年的时候，该学校举行了一次足球比赛，当时比赛十分的激烈，其中有一个名叫William Webb Ellis的16岁小男孩，因为比分落后，情急之下，他竟然抱起地上的球就向对方的球门跑去，he took the ball in his arms and ran with it. 虽然在当时这个举动disregard the rules of football，违反了足球的规定，但却引起在场观战的观众的强烈兴趣：如果足球赛也可以用手比赛，那么一定会变成一项更好玩的足球运动。就这样在英格兰诞生了橄榄球运动Rugby Football，在英国及英联邦地区，渐渐推广，吸引了全世界各地方爱好运动人口的兴趣，而发展开来。excite
vt.使兴奋，使激动（常用于被动）
The news of her arrival excited the crowd.她到达的消息使人群激动起来。
The children were very excited by the program.孩子们看了节目非常兴奋。
vt.激发某人的情感
The recent discoveries have excited great interest among doctors.
最近的多项发现引起医生们的极大兴趣。
His great success excited his friends’ envy.他的巨大成就引起了他的朋友的羡慕。
exciting adj.（事物）令人兴奋的 比较：excited（人）感到兴奋的
At the news,He was too excited to say a word.听到这个令人兴奋的消息，他激动得说不出话来。
有许多其他词也与excite类似，有两种形容词形式。v.-ing形式的词表示“（事物等）令人……的”，而v.-ed形式的词则表示“（人）感到……的”。列举如下：
interesting（令人感到有趣的）-interested（感到有趣的）
surprising（令人惊奇的）-surprised（感到惊奇的）
boring（令人觉得枯燥的）-bored（感到枯燥的）
puzzling（令人困惑不解的）-puzzled（感到困惑的）
encouraging（令人鼓舞的）-encouraged（感到鼓舞的）
discouraging（令人泄气的）-discouraged（感到泄气的）
inspiring（令人鼓舞的）-inspired（感到激励的）
pleasing（令人高兴的）-pleased（感到高兴的）
worrying（令人焦虑的）-worried（感到焦虑的）
tiring（令人疲惫的）-tired（感到疲惫的）
disappointing（令人失望的）-disappointed（感到失望的）
moving（令人感动的）-moved（受到感动的）
frightening（令人害怕的）-frightened（感到害怕的）
embarrassing（令人难堪的）-embarrassed（感到难堪的）
对比：
The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didn’t know how to deal with the puzzling situation.
他脸上（感到）困惑的表情说明他不知道如何对付这一令人困惑的处境。
32.There are some sections in the newspapers catering to people’s love of sports.（教师教学用书.P.239） cater提供饮食及服务
They’re catering for a party.他们正在为聚会承办食物。
cater for（英）为……提供服务；迎合（满足）……的要求
TV must cater for many different tastes.电视节目必须迎合各种人的口味。
cater to 投合，迎合（尤指不良的愿望、需要等）
She refused to cater to his ridiculous demands.她拒绝迎合他那些荒唐的要求。
第四部分（Integrating skills课文中出现的）
33.However,that was not what she had in mind. 然而，这不是她心里所想的。
mind n.心，精神
mind and body精神与肉体
A sound mind in a sound body健全的精神于健全的肉体
智力，头脑 （亦可 a mind ）
He has a very quick mind 他的头脑反映很快
理性
lose one’s mind 发疯 absence of mind 心不在焉
意见，想法
He always reads others mind 他总能看出别人的心思
So many men , so many minds 各人各想法/人各有志
记忆力，注意力
fix one’s mind on collecting data专注于收集资料
out of sight ,out of mind 眼不见，心不想
词组：
have…in mind在想…，在计划…
She told her boss what she had in mind她告诉她的老板她心中想的
bear/keep sth. in mind/bear /keep in mind that…/with sth. in mind记住
Bear in mind that the price does not include flights. 记住,这价格不包括机票在内.
Please bear these rules in mind 记住这些条文
bring/call…to mind 使想起……
What does the picture bring to your mind？这幅画使你想起什么
come to mind 浮现于心中, make up one’s mind to do/that 下定决心做
keep one’s mind on 一直专注于 have…on mind 把…挂在心上
v 注意，留心
mind sth/that/wh/adv
mind you arrive on time 请务必准时到达 mind what your say 你说话要小心
介意 mind doing sth
Do you mind my standing here 你介意我站在这儿吗
如果…你介意吗，可用以下句型
Do you mind if … Would you mind if
Would you mind my doing… Do/Would you mind doing…
回答可用No, not at all/ certainly not/of course not 或 Certainly/Of course/Sure/I’d prefer it if you didn’t 作答
34.Looking back,she congratulates herself on this decision.现在回顾起来，她庆幸自己做了那个决定。
congratulate vi.祝贺，向……道贺；庆幸，高兴
常用于句型 congratulate sb.／oneself on（doing）sth.中。
We congratulated her on the birth of her daughter.我们祝贺她生了个女儿。
She congratulated herself on having thought of such a good idea.
她为自己能想出这样的好主意而感到高兴。
congratulate的名词是congratulations,注意复数词尾后面的介词搭配仍是on。
Congratulations（to you）on winning the race!
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。35.Things went smoothly.一切都还顺利。
smooth
adj.顺利的；光滑的；平坦的
They made things very smooth for me.他们为我排除了困难。
smooth paper 光滑的纸 a smooth road平坦的路
in smooth water 在风平浪静的水面上
vi.使某物光滑、平坦、平静或顺利
smooth down one’s dress 拉平衣服 She smoothed out the table cloth.她把桌布弄平。
smooth away=to get rid of 消除，排除
We will smooth away any difficulties when we reach them.
我们碰到任何困难都能顺利克服。
Money helps to smooth away most problems.金钱有助于消除许多问题。
smooth over使（问题等）缓解
It will be difficult for you to smooth over your bad feelings after so many years.
经过这么多年，你想缓和你们之间的芥蒂是很困难的。
How to smooth away the language difficulties如何突破语言障碍
go的特殊用法
选择题：A：“_____ is your business going?” B：“It _____.”A. What; goes well B. How; goes good C. How; goes well D. What; goes good
36.She made herself independent, and was able to manage her finance.
她已经独立经营了，而且还能很好地管理财务
finance n. 财政;金融;财政学财源;资金;(国家的)财务情况
The country's finances have improved.这个国家财政状况改善了。
vt.供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金
Our project is rarely financed.我们的工程资金不足。
37.Many people tend to listen to their teachers and parents who often have expectations that are hard to live
up to.很多人倾向于听家长或教师的意见，但是他们所期望的往往是学生难以办到的
live up to one’s reputation不负盛名
The WTO can’t live up to its name if it doesn’t include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
expectation期待，期望，预料
without much expectation of success 对成功不要抱太大的指望
our team has every expectation of winning我队胜券在握
对成功幸运的期待，指望
contrary to /against expectation(s) 出乎意料（副词）
beyond expectation(s) 出乎意料（副词，形容词）
come up to one’s expectation(s) 符合某人的期待
in expectation of 预计会有……
In expectation of a traffic jam,, I decided to walk 预计会交通堵塞，我决定步行
a young artist with great expectations 有远大前程的青年艺术家
38.Not going to university is not a shame.上不了大学并不是一件丑事。
shame羞耻，羞愧，惭愧
She was full of shame at her bad behavior and hung her head in shame.
她为自己的不良行为感到羞愧，惭愧地低下了头。
to one’s shame 令某人惭愧／羞愧的是……
耻辱，羞辱 （a shame 可耻之人或事 ）
bring shame on sb.／oneself 使某人自己丢脸
Your bad behavior brings shame on the whole school.你的行为使整个学校蒙受耻辱。
He was called a shame to their school 大家称他为学校之耻
遗憾的事，可惜
What a shame（that）it rained on the day of your garden party!多可惜啊，你开游园会那天下雨了！
39.It is not use for everybody to try to pursue the same career.每个人都去从事同一职业，这是毫无用处的。
pursue 追；追捕；追杀；追击
The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner. 警方正在追捕一个在逃的犯人。
追随；跟随； 注意; 缠；纠缠
Illness pursued him till his death, which made us all bitterly painful.
疾病一直纠缠着他,直到他去世,这使我们大家痛苦极了。
追求；寻求；不断努力以取得
to pursue pleasure/truth寻乐 /追求真理
40.People whose learning style is to try,experiment and find their way through hands-on experience,often find
that school life does not accommodate their learning style.
有些人的学习方式是尝试、实验或是通过实践经验来找办法，这些人常常发现学校生活不适应他们的
学习方式。
accommodate提供住宿
He will accommodate me with the use of his house, while he is abroad.
他在国外期间将把他的住宅供我使用。
容纳
One flat can accommodate a family of five.一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。
使配合;适应新的情况
Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances.
不管到哪儿,他都能迅速适应新环境。
复习：
Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things,such as walking or solving problems,and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt,not a language-specific part of the brain.还有人认为我们学习语言正如我们学习其他技能，例如走路、学习解决问题等，我们天生具有学习和适应的能力，而不是大脑中有学习语言的专门区域。
Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
41.How you feel about the fact that she decline her parents’ offer?……婉拒……
decline vi 变小，变弱，衰退，衰落
Her influence declined after she lost the election.她落选后影响力降低了。
a decline birthrate逐渐下降的出生率
Do you think standards of morality have declined in recent years?你认为近年来道德标准下降了吗？
婉拒;谢绝[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.她婉拒了他们的邀请。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
篇4：人教版（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
江苏地区全日制普通高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
（江苏省石庄高级中学：秦建华课堂教学用）
Unit 1That must be a record
▲argument
settle an argument about sth解决关于……的争论/争端
start/put forward an argument for against就赞成/反对……展开辩论
argue v.
argue with sb about /over sth
Do what you are told to and don’t argue with me.
argue for/against为（支持）……辩护/反驳
argue a matter out把某事辩个水落石出
argue sb into/out of doing sth=advise sb(not)to do sth
▲conclude vt.推断（推论）出（后跟that-从句）缔结，议定；vi.come to an end结束，终止
The talks were expected to conclude on Sunday.会谈预计星期天结束。
What do you conclude from the facts?从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
Transactions were concluded on a wide variety of light industrial goods.
多种多样的轻工业产品已经成交。
conclusion n.
come to/draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论(from the facts)
jump to conclusion匆忙地/草率地下结论
bring sth to conclusion使……结束
in conclusion总之、总而言之、最后
▲popular
There was a time when this song was very popular. 曾经一度时间这首歌很流行。
She is very popular with her students.
He told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows
---This reference book is no more popular with the students than that one.
---You mean they are both little thought of ?
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved.
And the growing popularity51 of shopping centres led 52 in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。
name姓名；fame卓越，好名声；popularity名气很大，知名度很高
▲hire
hire/employ sb=take on sb.→fire/dismiss sb=give sb.the snack
hire 日常用语，指按工作量计酬来雇佣人手employ指商店或公司长期雇佣人手
rent一般指租住/借房屋，地产租借等
He fired these four workers and he hired ten more workers,because he thinks the four workers are not fit for thei posts.
hire out a bike(to sb)租出
rent a farm/house from an owner
▲fade vt.（使）褪色，（使）凋落；vi.逐渐消失，变微弱，变暗淡
The strong sunlight had faded the curtains.强烈的阳光使窗帘变色。
All memory of his childhood faded from his mind.
他所有的童年记忆逐渐从脑海中消失了。
fade next to逊色于
Successful as he is,he fades next to his brother.
尽管他很成功，但和他兄弟相比还是稍显逊色。
▲diagnose诊断
He was diagnosed with cancer.他被诊断患了癌症。
The book diagnoses our present economic ills.这本书切中了我们现在经济的时弊。
▲curiosity
Curiosity is part of child’s nature好奇是儿童的天性.
Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to
write the Guinness Book of World Records……(p.4)
a curiosity shop古玩店
curious感兴趣的，好奇，奇怪
I’m curious to know what she said.我非常想知道她说了什么
She’s always so curious about my work.她总爱打听我的工作。
It’s curious that he didn’t tell you.他没有告诉你实在反常。
▲contact
contact sb和……联系
be in/out of contact with和……保持/失去联系
get in touch with/keep in touch with
make contact with the ship by radio用无线电与船联系
keep track of/lose track of与……保持联系/失去联系
keep track of还有：记录，掌握……的线索，了解……的动态，看清，听清等意思
He could not escape because the police kept track of him.
他逃不了的，警察在注意他的行动
To a scientist,the most important thing is knowing he does not lose track of what he is
doing.对于一个科学家来说，最重要的是他清楚自己在做什么。
Please keep track of every cent you spend.请记录你花掉的每一份钱。
keep an eye on照看；keep faith with对……守信用；keep in mind记住，放在心上
▲account n.账户；解释，说明；vi.说明……的原因
I bought the bike on account.我赊账买了这辆自行车。
We could not go on account of the rain.因为下雨我们不能去。
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不论什么原因游客都不允许用东西喂动物。
It is a matter of great account.这是一件重要的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
谁也说不清楚这些钱丢失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
烟民占世界总人口的20%。
▲attempt
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取
▲inspect检查，视察/检阅
The customs officer inspected my passport.海关官员检查了我的护照。
inspect sb/sb’s head for lice检查某人头部有无头虱
The visiting president inspected the troops.来访总统检阅了部队。
examine/investigate/look into
▲confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.你的话证实了我的看法。
The King confirmed me in my possession of the land.国王批准我拥有这片土地。
▲set down 放下；写下，记下；规定
Set down your heavy bags and have a rest.
放下你的重包休息一下。
The bus driver set the passengers down here.
公共汽车司机让旅客在此下车。
I will set down the story as it was told to me.
我将按告诉我的把这个故事记下来。
The price limits were set down by the government.
价格限度由政府规定。
set about sth/doing sth开始做/着手做；set aside拔出，把……置于一旁；
set back退步，挫折，阻碍，妨碍，使……倒退；set off出发，启程，引爆，燃放；
set out出发，，着手/开始(to do)，栽（幼苗）；set up建立，开办
▲stand out杰出、突出，显眼、醒目，坚持、不屈服
The road sign is easy to read because the words stand out.
路标容易认，因为上面的字很醒目。
The students agreed that they must stand out against the decision to cut down the trees.
学生门一致同意坚决反对砍伐树木的决定。
stand by在场、支持,stand down退出（竞选）、（士兵）撤下岗,
stand for代表、表示、主张,stand up站起、经久、耐用
▲achieve one’s goal实现目标
I’ll try to achieve my goal of becoming a scientist.实现做科学家的目标
▲in the first place首先、原本、第一
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
▲in a row
Please stand in a row.请站成一排。
This is the third Sunday in a row that it’s rained.这是接连着的第三个星期天下雨了。
▲apply for
About 100 people have applied for the position.大约有100人申请了这一职务。
其它词组
1.一本畅销书 答案：a best-seller 2.从那以来 答案：ever since
3.被分类 答案：be put into categories 4.面积达…… 答案：with an area of
5.导致 答案：lead to 6..创一项新纪录 答案：set a new record
▲burst vi. 爆裂，突然发作
It was so cold yesterday that my water-pipes froze and burst.
昨天太冷了，我家的水管都冻裂了。
A rat burst into my room last night.昨天一只耗子窜进了我的房间。
He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.他往气球中充得气太多，结果爆了。
The funny story made the children burst their sides with laughter.
这个有趣的故事使孩子们捧腹大笑。
On hearing the sad news,she burst into tears.一听到那个悲惨的消息，她就大哭起来。
相关短语：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑； burst into song 突然唱起歌来；burst into angry speech大发雷霆； burst into bloom开花； burst into view/sight景象/奇观突然出现； burst into the room突然闯入房间； burst out/forth laughing/crying大笑/哭
▲head down to the park （补充）
head for=move toward:He headed straight for the bar.他径直朝酒吧走去。
head sb/sth off:get in front of sb/sth so as to turn him/it back or aside拦阻
head off a flock of sheep:prevent them from going in the wrong way拦住
▲familiar adj.熟悉的，通晓的，随便的，非正式的
French was as familiar to him as English.他通晓法语就像通晓英语一样。
I’m very familiar with your name.我很熟悉你的名字。
sth./sb.be familiar to sb.某物/某人为某人所熟悉；
sb.be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某人/某物
分析课文中的句子（补充）:The X Games are like Olypic Games for sports that are less familiar to us than sports like fottball and basketball.极限游戏比赛就像奥林匹克运动会上有些不如足球和篮球那样为我们所熟悉的比赛项目一样。
▲delight vt. （使）高兴，（使）欣喜；n. 快乐，高兴
The circus delighted the children.马戏团使孩子们欣喜。
I have read your letter with delight.我高兴地读了你的信。
He takes great delight in teaching his students.他以教他的学生为乐。
Your visit last week delighted us.上星期你的来访使我们很高兴。
The news delighted the whole nation.这个消息使全国一片沸腾。
I delighted to read novels.我高兴地读小说。
The old man delighted in doing little things for others.那位老人高兴为别人做些小事。
To his great delight,his novel was accepted for publication.使他高兴的是，他的小说得到了公众的认可。
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
相关短语：be delighted at 因……而高兴；be delighted by/with sth.(sb.)喜欢某物（人）；
be delighted to do因做……而高兴； be delighted that...很高兴……
▲center on将某人（某物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料； call on访问(某人)，号召(to do)；
count on依靠……，期待……(sb.to do)；depend on取决于……，依靠……，依……而定；
feed on 以……为食，用……喂养；fix one’s eyes on 盯住……，凝视……；
go on继续，上台演出(the stage)， keep on(doing) 坚持……；
live on靠……生活，以……为食； look on看待(sb.as...)，观察……，面朝……；
wait on 服侍……，招待……
The patient has three nurses attending on him.那位病人有三位护士看护他。
I tried to concentrate my attention on my chemical research.我试图专心于化学研究。
She centered her attention on the problem.她把注意力集中在这个问题上。
Unit 2 Crossing limits
▲take possession of占领，占有/get possession of拿到，得到
The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.那个资本家拥有大宗财产。
A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 大宗财产掌握在那个资本家手中。
▲in the name of以……的名义，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的名义逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。
He escaped under the name of Tom.他化名为Tom逃跑了
name构成的短语：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；name after以……命名
▲masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun
in the mass总体上，总的说来/the mass of大多数的/mass education群众教育/a mass meeting群众会议
The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（许多）
▲be rich in/be poor in
Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有丰富的维生素
a TV play rich in humour 富有幽默的电视剧
▲do research on a state key project就国家重点工程进行研究
▲lose the lives of many people/risk their lives
▲alternative
Have you got an alternative=another suggestion?你有没有其它建议？
Caught in the act,he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.
他被当场抓获，除了招供别无选择。
▲available
This was the only available room.这是唯一可以利用的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
▲equip…with
You’d better equip your bike with a head light.你最好在自行车装个前灯。
They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他们已经为部队装备了现代化的武器。
The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被动语态）
▲accurate adj.精确的，准确的，正确无误的
His information was accurate.他的信息很准确。
accurate强调“精确无误”。an accurate calculation精确的计算
correct按一定标准没有差错。a correct answer正确的答案
right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义.the right course of action正确的行动方针
▲search for
他们正在村里搜查那个强盗。
They are searching for the robber in the village.
They are searching the village for the robber.
Cf:The policeman is searching the robber.
▲have contacts with/contact to有接触/联系
▲find one’s way
feel one’s way摸索着走/fight one’s way奋勇前进/force one’s way挤着向前走/wind one’s way曲折前进/make one’s way去……途中/lose one’s way迷路
▲in exchange for交换，互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。
▲take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘获，捉拿
put sb in prison,take sb to prison,send sb to prison把……关进监狱/throw sb into prison把……投进监狱
▲wander through Arabic countries穿过许多阿拉伯国家
The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子无所事事，在街上闲逛。
The boy wandered the neighbourhood,looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了邻里街坊，找他那条狗。
▲reach out to sp./reach sp./come to sp.arrive at(in) sp.
▲date from/back to
The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。
▲ripe
By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.到15世纪初大型聚会的时机成熟了。
Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的还是生的？
▲prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下繁荣昌盛(prosperity)
The business is prospering.生意兴隆。
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝这对新人生活幸福，万事如意。
▲renew relations with恢复同…..的关系
▲excite one’s curiosity激起……的好奇心
▲send a message to sb向……发出邀请/信息
▲response非洲统治者的反应非常慷慨The response of African rulers are very generous.
▲challenge/at home
明朝朝廷认识到最大的挑战和机遇是在国内。
Ming court belied that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
国内外 at home and abroad
▲.various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.他分析了各种不同因素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
在所有做鸡蛋的各种方法中，我最喜欢煮的方法。
various,varied都可作“各种各样的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”，a varied life。
▲.suggest vt.
（1）提议，建议。后跟动名词、that从句（从句中谓语动词用should do,should可省略）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.他向我提出那种想法。
I suggest going there at once.我建议立刻去那里。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.老师建议我们现在就做作业。
（2）使人想起，暗示
His pale face suggests that he is ill.他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。
▲.accomplish vt.达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划）
This task is accomplished by great effort.完成这项任务花了很大力气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了很多成绩。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.就是工人们将完成这项任务。
accomplish指做到底，实现一个计划，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework.他完成了作业。
complete指加上缺少的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子补充完整
▲.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上工作到9点,这还不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad job.除工资（偏低）外，这工作不错。
Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.除你我之外，我认为没有人在30岁以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.不可能有脱离实践的知识。
归纳拓展：apart from，in addition（to），besides ，as well（as），except for，except，but
（1）apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。
（2）以下短语或单词意义相近，均表示“除……之外还有……”这一“附加”意义。
in addition（to） besides，as well （as）
（3）以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。except for except but
▲.arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起，由……发生
A difficulty arose right here.困难就在这里。
How did the quarrel arise?这次争吵是怎么引起的？
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。
rise vi.升起，上涨；raise vt.举起，提高，提升，提出；饲养（羊、鸡等），抚养（子女等），招募（军队等），募捐（钱等）。
▲.bring up教育；养育;提出；引出;呕吐；to bring up the question提出问题
She was brought up by her grandparents.她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten.他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。
归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚;bring about带来,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.这些男孩子每周赚60镑。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.我们最好等他们降价。
▲.run out of 用光，用尽
We are running out of water.我们的水要用尽了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday.昨天我们用光了汽油。
比较：All our supply of food has run out.我们所有的食品供应都用光了。
We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。
表示“用光、用尽”的还有：use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡了。要没水了。
从以上例子可看出，虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”，但use up,run out of 为及物动词，而run out,give out为不及物动词。
归纳拓展:run into遇上，偶然遇到;陷于，碰上（困境、麻烦等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.如遇困难，要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land Down Under
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories现代澳大利亚是由六个州两大区组成的
be made up of =consists of 由……组成
The Grade Three in our school is made up of 17 classes.我们学校高三年级是由17个班级组成的。
17 classes make up the Grade Three in our school.
The solar system is made up of a star and nine plants. 太阳系是由一个恒星和九个行星组成的。
make up 和解,和好; 虚构,编造; 化妆; 补偿,弥补; 凑钱
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.很难调解这对夫妇之间的争吵。
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.不要找任何借口来欺骗我。
I find no time to make myself up every day.梳妆打扮
Because you were ill, you will have to make up the final exam.补期末考试
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence/the lost time. 弥补智力上的缺乏/损失的时间(用其他方式)
Have you made up the money for your class? 凑钱
2. Australia is surrounded by many oceans.澳大利亚周边有两大洋
surround 包围 surround sb./ sth. with sth
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城。
surround 常用于被动语态中 “被……包围
The house is surrounded by/with high walls.房子周围有高高的围墙。
When he came back ,he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.当他苏醒后，发现他周围站着他的家人和朋友。
surroundings (周边环境) environment (与人类相对的环境)
3. but the capital of Australia is Canberra,a city located between Sydeny and Melbourne
……但是澳大利亚首都却在堪培拉，一座位于悉尼和墨尔本之间的城市
located=lying=standing
4.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.六个角代表六个州，第七个角代表区。
represent 代表,象征; 表现; 描绘,塑造; 声称
In a love song ,people will tell his lover that the moon represents his heart.月亮象征他的心
I’d like to thank you representing my whole family.我代表我的全家谢谢您。
=I’d like to thank you on behalf of my whole family.
The girl representing all the new students gave us a speech on the school opening ceremony.
那个女孩代表所有新生在开学典礼上讲了话。
He represented himself as a wealthy man, but in fact he was as poor as a church mouse.声称自己是个健康的人而其实
representative n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
stand for 象征,代表; 支持; (多指代字母、符号等的替代作用)
What does WTO stand for? WTO代表什么？ It stands for World Trade Organization
Before we elect him, we want to know what he stands for.
5.These peoples came to the continent at least fifity thousand years ago and created complex societies.
这些来自不同民族的人至少在五万年之前就来到这块大陆，而且创建了复杂的社会群体。
people 的含义
相当于persons (一个以上的人) There are many people in the room
指persons in general 人们。What will people think of this?人们将如何看待这件事？
指all the ordinary members of a state 人民（与the连用）serve the people heart and soul
指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一国籍的人民。the people of London 伦敦居民，the British people 英国人民
指nation (民族)，race （人种），tribe (部落)等，此时people为单数，其复数形式为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题：The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的人民。
6.live in a similar way to their ancestors……过着与他们祖先相似的生活
A be similar to B 。。。和。。。相类似
My new dress/bike is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
8.while others live in cities,towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians……而另外一些人像其他澳大利亚同胞一样住在城镇和农村。
▲fellow n.（常用复数，用以构成复合词）同伴；同志
school fellows同学 bed fellows同床者
Her fellows share her interest in computers.她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。
adj.同伴的；同类的；同事的
fellow creatures 同类动物 fellow countryman 同胞 fellow traveler旅伴；同路人
口语中有时指“男人；小伙子”
Poor fellow!可怜的小伙子！
▲while
引导时间状语从句，表示的时间只能是一段时间，而when引导时间状语从句表示的时间可以是时间点，也可以是时间段。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候我们正在吃饭。
表示对比，意为“而，但是”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工人而我是医生。
表示“尽管，虽然”，多放于句首。
While I understand what you say,I can’t agree with you.尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。
表示“只要”。
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
9.In 1770,Captain Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown.1770年库克船长生称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。
claim vt. & n. n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西，vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要，索赔
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?汽车出了事故后你向保险公司索赔了吗？
I claimed the coat that the teacher found. 我认领了老师找到的外套。
Has anyone claimed the watch? 有人认领这块手表吗？
He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him. 他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。
He claimed that he had done the work without help.他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.不要不懂装懂。
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
10. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.后来，美国独立战争使得英国不能向北美输送囚犯，于是澳大利亚被选为一个新的囚犯和罪犯的流放地。
11.The British Governor landed on January 26,today as Australia Day. 英国总督于1月26日登陆，这一天就是现在的澳大利亚日。
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal, explained their basic civil rights and described the new government.当时统治六个州的宪法表明人是自由平等的。它还说明了人民的基本权利，也描述了当时的新政府。
统治；控制，治理
In Britain elected representatives of the people govern the country.
在英国治理国家的是民选的代表。
支配某事物；决定
Self-interest governs all his actions.
他的所作所为皆取决于一己之利。
n.government 统治；控制；支配
州长；省长；总督someone who rules a state or province
12.The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Aistralian ecosytems. 新来的这批人改变了这里的土地管理方式。引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植物破坏了澳大利亚的生态系统
be harmful to/do harm to/harm sb.or sth
13. As a consequence,the original Australians suffered. 结果原来的澳大利亚人吃尽了苦头。
as a consequence 结果，后果
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.
毕业后，他变得懒惰起来，结果失去了自己所有的一切。
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss.由于他的粗鲁，他被老板开除了。
14.Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved had their land taken away from them许多土著居民和岛民被迁走了，他们的土地被剥夺了。
have+宾语+done过去分词作宾语补足语的结构
15.In the early twentieth century,Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century在20世纪初期，澳大利亚就像18世纪的美国一样。
resemble vt.（不用于被动语态和进行时态）
resemble sb./sth.（in sth.） 与（他人或他物）相似；像……
She resembles her brother in looks.她和她弟弟长得很像。
He strongly resembles his father in appearance.他非常像他的父亲。
n resemblance（between A and B）相似；相像
There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.这两个男孩有某些相似之处。
16.The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.第一次世界大战对澳大利亚有强烈的影响。
have an influence on/upon 对…有影响
have an influence on/upon=have an effect on/upon influence sb./sth.=affect sb./sth.
I don’t think this kind of system will have a great influence on our school.我认为这种体制不会对我们学校产生很大影响。
SARS has a strong influence on human.对人类影响很大。
17.After the war,the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Great Depression of the 1930s.
战后国家经历了社会和经济的动荡，遭受了30年代大萧条的苦难。
vt.受到，遭受，蒙受，后接pain,defeat,loss,poverty,hunger等名词。
His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
他的腿断了，遭受了巨大痛苦的折磨。
常用于短语suffer from...，意为“受……的折磨，患某种疾病，有某种缺陷”。
In the old days,peasants suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
在旧社会，农民们饥寒交迫。
18. Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
澳大利亚开始把自己转变成今天这样的现代化国家。
A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
A generator generator (发电机)transforms mechanical energy into electricity. (把机械能转变成电能)
A steam engineer transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热转化成动力。
adj.transformable 可改变外观或性质的
n.transformation（外观或性质的）改变，改观；转变
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
他结婚之后性格判若两人。
19.The economy grew and Australia benefited from the immigration.经济增长了，澳大利亚人从移民中受益。
benefit n.
He has had the benefit of a first-class education.他受益于第一流的教育。
The new factory will be a great benefit to the town.这个新工厂对这个市镇将会有很大的好处。(=be good to)
benefit v.
This medicine will benefit you.这药对你有好处。
I benefited from my father’s advice.我受益于父亲的教育。
20. pass laws to strengthen the rights of ……通过法律来加强……的权利。
strengthen v.加强；巩固；变强
The current strengthened as we moved down the river.我们顺流而下时，水流更急了。
This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave.最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。
strength n.力气；力量；强度
He is a man of great strength.他是个强壮的男子。
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
21.It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of diverse society.
许多年后澳大利亚才懂得尊重土著居民，并认识到多元化的重要性
Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
澳洲英语在发音上不同与英国英语和美国英语。
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多种多样的
have diverse interests 有多种兴趣
differ from sb./ sth.与某人/某事物不同，有区别=be different from
We differ from each other in many ways.我们在许多方面不同。
In this aspect,French differs from English/French and English.在这方面，法语不同于英语。
differ with/from sb.about/on sth.不同意；持异议
I’m sorry to differ with you on that.对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。
“I beg to differ.”表示与某人意见不一致。
n.difference
difference between A and B不同之处；差别；变化
It’s not very easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.区别糖和盐不是很容易的。
make a/no/some difference（to sb./ sth.）（对某人/某事物）有/没有/有些作用或影响。
It makes no difference（to me）what you say:I’m not going.不管你怎么说（对我来说）都无所谓，反正我不去。
Integrative reading
1.connect
The two cities are connected by a railway
The No. 1 trolly bus connects here with the No. 4 trolly bus for the East Lake.
connect with Beijing University.
connect A with B connect…with(by) join A to B/join…with(by)
We can connect(join)the two islands with a bridge.
The road connects Beijing with Tianjin.
The new highway has joined our hometown to the city.
The Pananma Canal connects the Atlantic with the Pacific.
(The road connects Shanghai and Suzhou.)
2.separate
Although both these shops sell vegetables, they are quite separate.
The children all sleep in separate beds.
We’re sorry that you two should be separated.
England is separated from France by the English channel.
Let’s separate them into three groups.
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
They didn’t separate till midnight.
The good friends were glad to meet after so long a separation.
Cf:The world is divided into five continents.
You can divide the apples between you.
separate:把原来在一起的人或物分隔开来
divide: 着重把一个整体按一定数量和大小比例分成若干份。
3.having been separated from…
*Arriving at the village(When he arrived at the village),he could not find his home.
*Walking in the park(When she was walking), she saw an old friend.
*Being blind(As they were blind),how could they see?
*Having been there many times, he offered to introduce the history of country .(As he had been)
*Having been rebuilt this way,these temples look even more beautiful.(As/After they have been rebuilt)
*Having put up the tent, they started to cook their supper. (After they put up/had put up)
(Right) Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.
(Wrong)Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen.
(Right)Having found the cause they continued the experiment.
(Wrong)Having found the cause,the experiment continued.
Fill in the blanks
(1).Who is the man standing by the door?
(2).The bell ran announcing the end of class.
(3).Austrlia is the only country covering an entire continent.
(4).Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in white.
(5).Those chosen as team members must be here before 7 a.m. tomorrow.
(6).He is a man liked by all.
(7).The man writing this English letter is my teacher.
(8).The letter written in simple English is from my teacher.
4.In area…the same size as/…more than 13 times as many as
China is large in area and rich in resources.
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height.
They built a fence 30 meters in length.
The area of Australia is 7.6 million sq.km.
A是B的x倍，可表示为：
A be x times the size/height/length of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 time bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher/longer than B by x-1 times
如：这个房间是那个房间的3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one.
This room is three times as big as that one.
This room is twice bigger than that one.
This room is bigger than that one by twice.
5.feed…on/feed…to
6.give birth to/be borne
She has borne three children.
She has given birth to three children.
7.keep out
Danger! Keep out!
They closed all windows to keep out the cold.
We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.
Please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here.
Please keep the dog out of the garden.
keep-phrase:
Keep up your courage/spirits.
They can keep up their normal temperature even in very cold weather.
The old man couldn’t keep up with the other people.
Dave was not good at maths and he couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class.
They used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war.
Keeping a diary is very important to you.
You’d better keep cool when you are in danger.
She couldn’t keep back her tears at the news.
A newspaper can keeps one in touch with the world.
Nothing can keep me from doing so.
8.round up 聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.向导把游客们聚集在一起，又把他们带回到海滨。
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.牧羊犬把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。
Unit 4 Green world
1.Attempt had been made by others to classfy plant species into groups,but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus.另一些人尝试按植物种类分类，但是突破性进展却来自Carl Linnaeus.
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取(在第一单元中讲过)
classify vt.编排；分类to arrange or organize according to class or category classify sb./ sth.（as sth.）将某人/某物归类
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.我们通常把 (人的) 性格之类型分为善与恶。
The books in the library are classified by subject.图书馆的书是按照科目分类的。
Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？
classified（常作定语）分类的 a classified directory分类电话簿 classified advertisements分类广告
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分类；类别
2. Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system.
在林尼厄斯确立这个系统之前，要说明植物之间的关系是一个复杂而陌生的事情。
3.But Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants in families was unique.而Linnaeus把植物按家族来分类的想法却很特别。
group v.集合，使成群；类集
The children grouped round the piano.孩子们集合在钢琴周围。
We can group animals into several types.我们可以把动物分成好几类。(We can classify animals as several types.)
noun（1）群；组；类
（family,team,audience,enemy,group,class等集合名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。）
Our group is going to climb a mountain tomorrow.我们组明天要去爬山。
The group are having dinner now.组员们正在吃晚饭。
What blood group are you?你是什么血型？
[作定语] a group activity 集体活动
（2）（公司联营的）集团：a newspaper group报业集团
▲identification （学案上没有） n. the state of being identified 鉴别；验明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高产量种子的鉴别
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份证明(缩写 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。
4.As a result,fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related,although they are different at first sight.
因此（结果），尽管桃子和梨子乍看起来是不同的，但事实上它们是有关联的。
at first sight/glance
At first sight/glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看这个问题似乎很容易。
They felt in love at first sight.他们一见钟情。
He could tell at a(single) glance what was wrong with the car.他一眼就能看出汽车有什么毛病。
5.develop a lifelong frienship with… 与……结成为终身好友
make a lifelong friend with sb.
6.Born into a life of privilege,Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family. Joseph Banks是一个富裕家庭的孩子，生来就享有特殊权利
privilege n. a special advantage, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class 特权；优惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员有享受图书馆借书服务的特权。
7.lead/live a cosy life过着安逸的生活
live/lead a happy life/a bitter life 过着幸福/痛苦生活
cosy ：comfortable; easy
8.but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge但是小班克斯却有渴求知识的欲望
n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 运动增进食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 爱好；欲望
He has an appetite for writing. 他好从事写书。（be fond of,go in for）
9.Despite his wealth,he worked to make a career in science. 尽管他很富有，但他谋求在科学上有一番成就。
in spite of his wealth/although he was wealthy/rich….
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些人拥有万贯家财。
10. In 1768,the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on
an expedition to Tahiti.1768年英国皇家海军任命James Cook为“奋力”号船长，带领皇家学会成员远征塔希提岛。
appoint sb.（to.）;appoint sb.（as.）
挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派
He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那空缺。
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
They have appointed a new manager.他们已经任用了一位新经理。
Who shall we appoint （as） chairperson?我们选派谁担任主席呢？
appoint sth.（for sth.） 确定或决定某事物
They have appointed a date for the meeting.他们已经约定了开会的日期。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
11.This would give astronomers a chance to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun.
这样天文学家就有机会去测量地球和太阳之间的距离。
They use a computer to calculate the cost of a journey.他们用电脑算出旅行的费用。
I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 p.m.估计我们大约在下午3点到达伦敦。
be calculated to do sth.旨在，打算或计划做某事
His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd.他讲的话有意鼓动/煽动人群。
n. calculation计算，推算
12 …it was the government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.
英国政府赞助了这次考察中天文学部分所需的设备和经费。
expense n.花费，费用，经费
It’s too much of an expense to own a car.拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。
at one’s expense由某人负担费用
He had his book printed at his own expense.他自己出钱印了书。
at the expense of sth.在损失或损坏某事物的情况下
He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.
他创建的企业很成功，但这一切都损害了他的健康。
13.had to supply about ￡10,000 of his own money to equip the expedition……不得不把自己的钱（大约一万英镑）拿出来为这次远征提供设备。
supply当“提供；供应”讲，近义词为provide/offer。
（1）supply sb.with sth./ supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
They supplied food aids to the people in the flood-stricken area.
=They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.
他们向受灾地区的人们提供了食品援助。
（2）offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物
He offered me a cup of tea.=He offered a cup of tea to me.
（3）provide sb.with sth./ provide sth.for sb.向某人提供某物，供应
The firm has provided me with a car.=The firm has provided a car for me.公司提供给我一辆汽车。
在涉及到钱时，supply则不明确，一般讲来要给钱，provide往往则意味着免费提供
The school provides the students with lesson-sheets.学校免费给学生提供讲义。
We can supply you with some rare Ming editions. 我们可以给你提供一些稀有的明版书。
14.He also look out for new economic species; plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold . 而且他还调查了一些新的经济物种，在英国和世界其他地区生长其谷物能够被卖的植物。
look our for to be careful of 当心；注意；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 留神(汽车)！
15. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to anther on a large scale, helping to develop local economic with these new imports. 约瑟夫。班克斯是第一位大规摸把植物从一个大陆移到另一个大陆的人，用这些进口的东西来帮助发展当地的经济。
16.some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cococa,hemp and tea.用这种方式发展起来的植物有可可，大麻和茶叶。
17.The voyage had been a great success.这次航海取得了巨大的成功。
18.Wonderful discoveries had been of strange new lands,cultures,animals and plants.
绝妙的发现还包括新奇的大陆、文化和动植物。
19.From behind his desk, however, he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.然而他却在幕后卷入了诸如探索非洲和开拓澳洲之类的航行。
involve
（1）需要The job involved me in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。
（2）牵涉，牵连；包括
The strike involved many people.许多人参加了罢工。
involve sb./sth.in sth./doing sth.使某人/某事物陷入或参与某活动
in solving your problems!你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去。
He was involved in a heated argument.他参与了一场激烈的争论。
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
20.He accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture.他积累了大量的有关植物和农业方面的知识。
accumulated
（1）vt.积累；聚集
By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力工作积蓄了一笔财富。
（2）vi. 增加
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房间不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已积到十尺深。
n. accumulation 金钱、知识、经验的积累
21. In growing strawberries Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.在种植草莓时Banks采用早已废弃的在果实下铺稻草的方法来降低用水量。
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
He found a baby abandoned by its parents.他发现了一个被父母遗弃的婴儿。
The match was abandoned because of bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消。
(please look up the word:desert)
供阅读的其它知识点
▲Darwin’s observations on that voyage led him to write his famous book on the Origin of species.…
达尔文在那次环球旅行中的观察使他写出了著名的《物种起源》
▲deserve
The article deserves careful study=The article is worth studying.
She deserves a reward for her effort.她积极努力，应该得到奖赏。
They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。
▲It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
达尔文乘“小猎犬号”去加拉 戈斯群岛的活动使他获得了新创建理论的钥匙。
▲habitat（动物或植物的）栖息地/自然环境
This creature’s natural habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的天然栖息地是丛林。
▲pass sth.down from one generation to the next（常用于被动语态）一代一代传下去
pass away 去世，逝世(die) pass by走过；经过；忽视 pass sth.on （to sb.）将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间） pass on （to sth.）从一阶段进入另一阶段
▲.As a result of Darwin and Mendel s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species. 达尔文和门德尔的研究结果，使得19世纪的科学家闷形成这样的一种理念：环境的影响导致了新物种的发展。
▲It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
要重新认识环境对物种的重要性环需要下一代科学家的努力。
▲In 1922,Gte Turesson found evdence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature.
1922年Gte Turesson发现了自然界物种稳定多样性存在的证据。
▲grow to bush长成灌木，grow close to the ground长得贴近地面
▲adapt 适应，改编，改写
I don’t think I shall ever adapt myself to this hot weather.
They are adapted to various climates,soil and other natural conditions.
He is adapting the novel fortelevision.他在把这部小说改编成电视剧。
▲However, Turesson’s findings show that habitat,such as soil conditions,is of equal importance to the output of crops.
然而Turesson的调查研究结果却表明，生长地的情况，如生长地的土壤条件，对粮食农作物的产量也具有同样重要的意义。
output n. amount of things that you have made 产量；产品
We must increase our output to meet people's needs. 我们必须增加产量来满足人们的需要。
请不要跟adopt（采取、采用，通过、收养）相混
▲procedure n.程序（尤指工商、法律、政治等事务的）
Stop arguing about （questions of） procedure and let’s get down to business.
别再为程序（问题）争辩了，咱们着手议正事吧。
procedure （for sth.）手续；步骤
What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?在银行开个账户要办什么手续？
▲promote v.（1）提升，晋升
My daughter’s just been promoted!我的女儿刚被提升了！
promote sb.to sth.提升，擢升某人
The football team was promoted to the first division.该足球队已晋升为甲级队。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
（2）促进；鼓励，推动
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
Kindness promotes peace. 亲切的行为可以促进和睦。
▲rose n. a beautiful flower, which is red, white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；蔷薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父亲沿着花园的一边种了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young, you'll lie upon thorns when old. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
▲peony n. 牡丹；芍药
She blushed like a peony. 她脸红得像一朵牡丹花。
▲bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/一串钥匙
▲merely adv. only仅仅；只不过
I didn't stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我没有停下来和他说话--我只是微微一笑。
▲enterprise n. an undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk; a business organization事业；企业
government enterprise 公/国营企业 private enterprise 私/民营企业 small-to-medium-sized enterprises中小企业
▲settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；定居点
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的东海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 解决（方案）
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资双方达成一项解决办法。
▲straw n. dry, cut stalks of wheat, etc. 稻草；麦秆
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我们人人都戴草帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麦管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸可口可乐。
▲year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out) 对比year by year
▲tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice, as expressing feeling音调；语调
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用恼怒的口气说话。
▲reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 报酬；报答
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考试及格而得到奖品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的报酬却很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬谢；奖赏
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him. 人们表扬了他，这就是对他很好的奖励。
▲nowhere adv. at, in, or to no place; not anywhere 任何地方都不；什么地方也没有
He was nowhere to be found. 什么地方也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知道的地方：a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
▲altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 总共；总而言之
There were five of us altogether. 我们共有五人。
Altogether, the book is quite interesting. 总的说来，这本书相当有趣。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true, but I don't altogether agree. 你说的有些是真的，但我不能全都同意。
▲appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外表
Do not judge by appearances. 别从外貌判断事物。
n. being seen; coming 显露；出现
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause. 他一出场，礼堂里就掌声雷动。
▲latter adj. 后者
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
▲distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 区别；辨别
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不能辨认是棉花还是羊毛。(tell…from)
You are confusing things, let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，让我来把它区分出来。
▲in detail with all the facts 详细地 The teacher explained the text in detail. 老师详细地解释了课文。
Unit 5 Getting the message
Ⅰ. Words and Expressions（课文前面部分出现的）
1.convey ---- to take or carry from one place to another; transport. 运送；运输
----to communicate or make known; impart通知；通报；传达
The truck conveyed machinery across the country. 这辆卡车把机器运往全国各地。
Wires convey electricity.金属线导电。
I will convey the information to him.我将把这消息通知他。
2.advertise ---- to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim th equalities or advantages of (a product or business) so
as to increase sales. 做广告；---- to warn or notify告诫，告知
advertise sth做广告(宣传)，使……尽人皆知，put an advertisement做广告
Why not advertise your secondhand car in the local newspaper?为什么不在本地报纸上为你的二手车做个广告呢？
If you want to sell your secondhand car,why not put an advertisement in the local newspaper?
你如果想卖掉你的二手车，为什么不在本地报纸上做个广告呢？
advertise for sb/sth登广告招聘/欲购
The company advertised for a new secretary.公司登了广告招聘一名新秘书。
We should advertise for someone to look after our children.我们该登个广告聘人来照管孩子们。
advertiser 广告商
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.这份报告使广告商对今日妇女有了新的认识。
4.brand ---- A trademark identifying a product or a manufacturer
商标；牌子；烙印
What brand of soap do you like?你喜欢什么牌子的肥皂？
These cattle have my brand on them. 这些牛身上都有我打的烙印。
（常与of连用）特殊类型
his own brand of humor 他独特的幽默感
5.consideration ---- careful thought
Please give the problem your careful consideration. 请你仔细考虑这个问题。
短语：in consideration of 报答；由于under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中
take … into consideration 顾及，考虑到
Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when he marks your exams.
你的老师评定考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。
Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than I expected.
从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。
复习以前学过的词组
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条件考虑进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须考虑到国家的利益。
In the first place ,you must think over this plan.首先你必须考虑这个计划。
6.charge ---- expense; cost 费用；花费 ---- the price asked for something 价格，收费
a charge for the use of the telephone 使用电话的费用
The charge for a front-row seat is $3. 前排座位票价每张三美元。
----management 监督；管理
---- a claim of wrongdoing 指控；控告
a charge of stealing 对偷窃罪的指控
The charge carries a possible sentence of three years.这项控告可能要判三年徒刑。
短语：
in charge of 负责
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
in the charge of / in one’s charge 归某人负责；由某人监管
The factory is in the charge of a special committee. 这家工厂现在由一个特别委员会监管。
7.loss ---- The act or an instance of losing; something that is lost; people lost in wartime or an accident.损失；丧失；遗失。
The loss of my watch meant that I had to buy a new one.我的手表丢了就意味着我得买只新的。
Have you reported the loss of the technical papers about the new product to the police?
你们把丢失新产品技术文件的事向警方报告了吗?
His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.他的不幸去世对他的商行来说是个重大损失。
The losses are computed at $1000. 估计损失1000美元。
短语：
at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.赔本卖出货物
②迷惑的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些话
8.blame ----to hold responsible. 负责
---- To place responsibility for (something) 归咎：把（某事）责任归于…
Blame it!(美) 该死!
Don't blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他,该怪我。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don't. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他们怪罪秘书造成计划延误。
If he fails the exam he’s only got himself to blame.如果他考试不及格，那只能怪他自己。
短语：be to blame 应受谴责
The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
n. 责怪，（对坏事所应付的）责任
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.法官把事故的责任归咎于汽车司机。
ⅠI. Words and Expressions（课文部分出现的）
1…they are broadcast on TV and over the radio,posted the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities.
电视机和收音机播放广告，因特网上登载广告，报纸上印制广告，广告牌上贴广告。
broadcast -- to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use.传播,传播（电台电视节目），供大众使用
--to send out or communicate, especially by radio or television. 播放：尤指通过电台、电视，播出，发送：
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.代理商通过电台紧急呼吁要求药品供应
to broadcast the gossip 传播流言蜚语
The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国广播公司每天广播。
Radio Beijing broadcasts on a dozen different frequencies.北京电台以十几种不同的频率进行广播。
作名词用：
The news broadcast will be at 7.00. 新闻广播将在7点开始。
post ---- to display (an announcement) in a place of public view. 贴布告：在公共场所贴（布告）
----to cover (a wall, for example) with posters. 贴海报：用海报张贴
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名单将于今天张榜公布。
The ship was posted missing. 该船宣告失踪。
2.The development of radio,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
广播、电视和其它媒体与广告业同步发展。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关系的
They went home hand in hand.他们手拉手回家了。
The development of agriculture should go hand in hand with that of industry. 工业和农业应共同发展。
Dirt and disease go hand in hand.肮脏与疾病是分不开的。
3.People react to advertisements in different ways.人们对广告的反应是不同的。
（1）vi. 反应，反抗
How did he react to your suggestion?他对你的建议有什么反应？
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子往往故意不听父母的话来表示抗拒。
How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她的反应是非常生气。
（2）vt. （指物质）起化学反应
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.酸可与碱起化学反应形成盐。
4.Some people find ads useful and entertaining;others think that they are annoying.有些人认为广告有用而且有趣，有些?
★ 英语初二教学计划
【高级中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解（共4篇）】相关文章：
高中英语教学计划的2023-11-11
高一备课组工作计划2023-10-19
备课组计划精选合集2023-11-13
备课组计划2024-01-01
新标准英语三年级下册教学工作计划2023-12-13
英语六级算分2023-04-14
大学教学计划2023-09-20
仁爱英语八下教学计划2022-11-14
零基础英语学习计划2023-02-09
人教版高二语文下期教学计划2023-08-24