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介绍北京的导游词

时间：2023-05-29 08:18:47 导游词收藏本文下载本文

介绍北京的导游词（精选14篇）由网友“月是故乡明”投稿提供，以下是小编帮大家整理后的介绍北京的导游词，欢迎大家分享。

介绍北京的导游词

篇1：关于北京导游词介绍

大家好，大家有来过北京的吗?

感觉北京的天气怎么样?

北京的天气冷不冷不是看外面出不出太阳，看什么呢?看风!只要吹风，天气就会比较冷。冬天吹什么风呢?夏天又吹什么风呢?小学的老师讲过夏天刮东南风，冬天刮西北风，请记住。有个学生站起来说：不对，我妈说跟我爸结了婚一年四季都喝西北风……

大家选择十月底这个时间来北京，总的来说时间还是很好的，不冷也不热，是北京一个比较理想的旅游季节。俗话说：在好的旅游时间，遇见好的导游，是一种幸福;在好的旅游时间，遇见差的导游，是一种悲伤。在差的旅游时间，遇见好的导游，是一声叹息;在差的旅游时间，遇见差的导游，是一种无奈。大家在北京的这几天，都是由我小李给大家导游的，我希望我们有一个很好的旅游时间，更希望我是一个很好的导游。

介绍一下我自己，我姓李，名天运，就是大家见了我之后，从此呢，祝大家天天好运的意思。李是木子李，大家可以叫我李导，但不要反过来叫，反过来就叫导李，也可以叫我小李，但不要加个子字，小李子是慈禧太后身边的太监李莲英。太监是一个不完整的男人，本人除了比较瘦之外，身体其他各部分的功能都相当正常。本人12月26日出生，这个日子有什么特别的意义呢?我妈妈也是这天生日，还有本朝太祖也是12月26日生日，我想跟伟人同一天生日，这辈子不会差到哪里去吧?但是活了二十几年，才发现自己不高不矮偏矮，不肥不瘦偏瘦，不老不嫩偏嫩，也就这个样子了，到目前为止还没发生过什么奇迹在我身上，但是不要紧，俗话说身高不是距离，体重不是压力，年龄不是问题，所以本人还是要很自信地把大家这几天在北京的活动带好了。

篇2：关于北京导游词介绍

除了我带着大家游玩，还有负责我们交通的师傅____，我们的师傅有着十几年的驾龄，平时接待人大代表，奥运会时接待贵宾和运动员，十几年来零事故，非常专业，非常安全。在北京游玩的时间里都是有___师傅为我们驾车，接下来的几天都要辛苦他，我们先给师傅来点掌声!

虽然北京的道路现在都很宽广，但是北京作为首都，人多车多，大部分时间交通状况并不是很良好。在我们旅游的时间里可能会出现堵车或者人等车的情况，在这里希望大家多多谅解。

民以食为天，来到北京首先要讲究的是吃，出来了，就不会像家里吃得那么惬意，尤其是参加旅游团，大家要做好心理准备：北京的旅游团餐非常难吃，什么叫绝望?绝望就是饭店吃饭上了两个菜,吃第一个:“世上还有比这更难吃的吗?!”吃第二个“Kao!还真有! ”团餐虽难吃，但还是相当卫生的，大家可以放心吃，原则是吃饱，八菜一汤，米饭尽装，见菜不够，赶紧喝汤。出门旅游，消闷解愁，如果我们都不吃饱，那么远看群山，一锅馒头。以后再来中国旅游，如果人数少的话，大家尽量不要旅行社安排团餐，自己想吃什么点什么，最好这样(针对香港及华侨华人)。

接下来是住的方面，北京是首都，政治文化中心，天南地北，人来人往非常频繁，所以北京同级别的酒店都没有外地的好。然后简单介绍客人入住的酒店(如星级，离机场多远，离火车站多远，离天安门多远)。晚上我们回到酒店要注意休息，出来逛街的，人生地不熟，不要走得太远。来北京一定要做的三件事是登长城，吃烤鸭，看杂技。我看我们的行程表里安排了登长城，吃烤鸭，没有安排看杂技，非常遗憾。大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。所以杂技艺术在中国已经有多年的历史。我们奥运会上的跳水，吊环等运动都是杂技演变而来，在才正式成为奥运项目的蹦床运动也是由杂技演变而来，北京奥运会中国蹦床包揽了两枚奥运金牌。中国人可以自豪的向世界宣布，我们足球不行，我们田径场上不行，我们游泳池里面不行，但是我们床上行!在北京表演现代杂技的最出名的有朝阳剧场，朝阳剧场是奥运官方唯一一个指定专门对外表演的剧场。对外展示中国的风采，奥运期间来华外国领袖全部到此观看过杂技演出，现代杂技加上了声色光等先进的元素，比起传统杂技更加华丽，更加刺激，真正体现了台上一分钟，台下十年功的精彩，所表演的每一个节目基本上都在国际上拿过奖项，所以我们在北京游览期间，晚上有时间的话杂技是绝对不容错过的观看项目，不去会遗憾，去了会震撼。

篇3：关于北京导游词介绍

来到北京最重要的是游玩，除了我们刚才说的登长城，吃烤鸭，看杂技之外还可以玩什么呢?通常说入境广州观车头;飞抵桂林观山头;转至西安观坟头;游览北京观墙头;过往天津观码头;远足青海观源头;参拜西藏观佛头;故都南京观石头;醉游上海观人头;难忘杭州观丫头。在北京看的是墙头，也就是最重要看的是古都遗留下来的历史文化，大家参加这个旅游团，碰到小李导游，等于参加了一个北京历史文化速成班，所以大家都要认真听我讲。不能上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景点拍照，回家一问啥也不知道。尤其是北京旅游人多的时候，大人看人头，小孩看屁股，所以大家要紧跟着我一起游玩，握着导游的手，北京旅游一起走!

北京城是中国历史上最后5代封建王朝辽金元明清的都城，其设计规划体现了中国古代城市规划的最高成就，被称为“地球表面上，人类最伟大的个体工程”。我们不仅要看历史，更要看现代发展中的北京，现在简单介绍一下北京的情况。

北京市总面积16808平方公里，分18个区。北京的周边是河北省，从地图上看河北省是包围着整个北京的，离北京近的非

常著名的景点有河北承德避暑山庄，承德避暑山庄是我国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林，1984年被评为全国十大风景名胜之一，1994年被列入《世界遗产名录》，是非常值得一看的，如果我们有时间可以安排，应该要去那里游玩一两天。

北京地形是西北高，东南低，符合一句古诗一江春水向东流的意境。北京平原占1/3，山地占2/3。北京市常住人口1600多万，外地来京人员400多万，2000多万人住在三分之一的平原里，所以刚才说的交通方面压力很大。

为此北京市在改善交通环境方面做出了很大的努力，公交车的费用也很便宜，基本上乘公交车一元钱即可，有公交一卡通的还可以打8折或者4折。我们上班一族一般都要住郊区，因为市区租房或者买房比较贵，坐公交虽然便宜，但是时间很长，早上上班需要很早就起床。有时候到市区办一件事情，可能办事仅需要30分钟，可是坐公交车来要用2个钟头，再坐回去又要2个钟头，一天的时间就耗在车上了。由于路途遥远，下班一般就要坐公交车回家，所以北京夜生活不是很丰富。讲一下北京四大傻：吃饭点龙虾，购物到燕莎，唱歌爱献花，下班就回家。下班就回家的是穷鬼，9点回家的是酒鬼，11点回家的是色鬼，2-3点回家的是赌鬼。

篇4：介绍北京导游词

Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction

Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.

The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: “the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis.” Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.

篇5：介绍北京导游词

Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the people's heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means “to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven”. However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.

This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of “Jinfeng imperial edict” was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.

The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.

In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.

Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Chang'an Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Chang'an left gate and Chang'an right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Chang'an that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.

In ancient China, there was a saying of “wendongwuxi”, so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.

Now we can't see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.

On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a “mountain”. The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'sCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National People's Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.

In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the people's heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese people'sPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. That's what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.

The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote “the people's heroes are immortal”. On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sLiberation War and the people's revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's Liberation War and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.

To the south of the monument to the people's Heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem “Manjianghong” is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.

Behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.

In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of China's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.

The original flagpole base of Tian'anmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.

The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.

The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.

篇6：介绍北京导游词

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

What's the weather like in Beijing?

Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: “is there anythingworse in the world?” eat the second one “Kao! It's really there!” although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.China's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as “thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth”. Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis “three yuan”? The imperial examination system is called “three yuan”. Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is “Jieyuan”; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is “Huiyuan”; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

篇7：介绍北京导游词

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a “bay”, so it has been called “Beijing bay”since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named “Ji”. From then on, thename of “Yanjing” has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

篇8：介绍北京导游词

云居寺创建於隋唐时代，历代屡有重修扩建，成为华北地区著名寺院之一。寺院部分抗日战争时期毁於日军炮火，现仅存遗址。寺东北1.5公里处石径山上有藏径洞九座，洞内保存了自隋至明代刻制的石经板，连同寺院南端藏经穴中辽、金经板共143l2块，镌字数千万。除去重复刻造者外，计刻经112o馀部，刻工精湛，为中国佛教文化珍品之一。它是世界上最早、最全、保存最好的石刻大藏经，在中国佛教史上值得大书特书。刻制云居石径的规模，远超过北齐的音堂山摩崖石经和泰山经石峪刻经。

云居寺名称最早见於唐总章二年(669年)年石刻上，隋唐时代已具相当规模。在唐代分上寺及下寺上寺在石经山上，寺址已无考，下寺即今遗址。辽、金时代云居寺因刻造石经知名，故有石经寺之称。明代因在石经山东麓建东峪寺，而云居寺居山之西，故亦称西峪寺清初又改称西域云居禅林，仍然保留着云居之名。

云居寺历代屡有修葺，最后的修缮年代是清康熙三十七年(l6)。被毁前的寺院规模宏大，寺院中路有院落五层，殿宇六进。寺依山而建，每层院落逐步升高，各层正殿之旁又有配殿，中路北侧有僧寮客舍，南北二塔分居左右，山门前引泉水流过，清泉垂柳，山雾缭绕，自然环境颇为幽美，确实是一处修行佳处。七七事变后寺院被日军炮火毁为一片废墟，南塔也於此时被毁。在云居寺遗址范圉内，北部及四隅的十座小石塔是劫后仅存遗物。所幸摄有云居寺被毁前照片，中日邦交恢复后，日方将当时照片送归。

佛教自公元2年伊存授经东传中国后，译着经卷便是众多僧人信徒经久不息的一项事业。但是纸张、绢绸、木板经卷，不仅易受风、火、水、虫的破坏，也易受人为的损毁，历史上两次法难期间，大量的手写佛经化为灰烬，战争兵火也给佛教寺院、佛像经籍带来毁灭性灾难。造样就促使僧徒想方设法让佛法传承久远。鉴於山东泰山、河北鼓山等处的摩崖刻经得以保存，幽州僧人静琬认为经刻石上，可以地久天长，於是继承其师慧思遗志，选择了盛产汉白玉、艾叶青石，又远离幽州城的房山，开始了刻经於石、秘藏於室的艰巨工捏。静琬先是创建了石经山藏经洞和云居寺，他发愿造十二部石经。这一行动得到当时社会各方面的支待。从隋大叶中到唐初，静琬30年刻经不辍，每刻完一批石经就凿洞封存起来。

贞观十三年(639年)静琬入寂，他的第子玄导、僧仪、惠暹、玄法四代相续主持刻经，并得到金信公主奏赐经本四千多部作为底本，先后刻经百馀部，分藏於各藏经洞中。自隋至明，共开凿藏经洞九个藏石经版4559块;辽金时又在寺南侧挖穴，埋藏经版1o611块。辽天庆七年(1120xx年)在穴旁筑塔，即云居寺南塔也称压经塔。

静琬最初所刻石经146块，一部分镶嵌于第五洞的四壁上。第五洞名雷音洞是九洞之中最大的一个，也是唯一一座开放式藏经洞，洞前有门可以进出，长宽各约十米，中有四根八角形石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面均雕有小佛像共1o54尊，故称千佛柱。其馀各洞都是封闭式，里面叠藏石经板，洞门封锢，人不能出人。

篇9：介绍北京导游词

Beijing botanical garden is a collection of science, scientific research,travel and other functions in one comprehensive botanical garden, nationalemphasis construction is one of the botanical garden.

The Beijing Botanic Garden in Haidian District Fragrant Hill Park and theYuquan mountains (West hills near Wat Chayamangkalaram), approved by the StateCouncil in 1956, is a collection of scientific research, plant plant knowledgepopularization, visit the rest, germplasm preservation and promotion, new plantsand other functions as one of the large-scale comprehensive botanical garden.The planning area of 400 hectares, is now completed and open for tours by theplant area of 200 hectares, exhibition areas, places of historic interest andscenic beauty, research areas and nature reserves. The introduction andcultivation of plants more than 10000 species (including varieties ) in 1500000strains of. Covers an area of 900 acres. Collection of plants more than 3000species, is currently China's largest botanical garden in North, is specializedin plant introduction and acclimatization of theoretical study and experimentalresearch base. The whole garden plant exhibition greenhouse as the center, atotal of 13 galleries, planted with more than 1500 kinds of tropical andsubtropical plants, including stone flower, a tree, dance orchid plant.

Beijing botanical garden by plant exhibition area, places of historicinterest and scenic beauty cultural landscape, natural protection area and areaof scientific research.

Plant exhibition area including ornamental plants area ( Park ), arboretum,bonsai garden, greenhouse flower district. Ornamental plants area from peonygarden, rose garden, green peach, lilac Institute, Begonia Park, bonsai garden,lily magnolia garden, a garden show ( bamboo ), perennial flowers, peony gardenand park is being developed in the garden, the park consists of 11; by pine andcypress, ginkgo trees Garden District Maple rose area, linden willow, MagnoliaBerberis zone and sycamore, ash area consists of Quercus acutissima area ofpaulownia. Places of historic interest and scenic beauty resort by WatChayamangkalaram, Cherry Valley, the Longjiao temple ruins, “ December 9th ”memorial Pavilion, the tomb of Liang Qichao village, Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall.The introduction and cultivation of plants more than 56 lines, more than 5000,900000 square metre grassed. There are scientific research building, sciencemuseum. Wat Chayamangkalaram was built in the Tang Dynasty, is a nationalheritage conservation units, protecting and displaying the world rare YuanDynasty bronze Shakya Muni lying like Cherry Valley, dense forest, is in theplanning of nature reserve. Cao Xueqin Memorial Exhibition of Cao Xueqin's lifeand in the Western Hills. “ A dream of Red Mansions ” scene.

Beijing botanical garden is the Beijing Municipal Gardens Bureau designatedpriority of the new plant introduction, domestication, breeding base. TheBeijing botanical garden has begun to take shape, are playing a more and moreimportant social benefit and environmental benefit, more and more people'sfavorite.

20___ January Beijing botanical garden was named the first national AAAAgrade scenic spot, in 20___ March through the ISO9000 quality management systemand ISO14000 environmental management system certification and certified thefirst batch of fine park, 20___ in the capital of civilization industry madeoutstanding achievements appraisal. The garden is beautiful environment, goodorder, quality services and excellent culture to meet guests at home andabroad.

Beijing Botanical Garden ( referred to as South Park) with various plant3000 a variety of, visit the main point is the greenhouse exhibition area, thereare 13 pavilions, 1500 kinds of plants. The tropical plants accounted for 1000 avariety of, palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, succulents, Victoria roomroom, medicinal plant room, industrial raw materials plant, orchid plants,aromatic plants, tropical fruit and citrus plants. The arboretum occupies anarea of 70000 square meters, is China's rare silver fir trees, and SequoiaAmerica, Sri Lanka's Bodhi tree. There is also a special type of garden and thenational herbarium.

Beijing botanical garden exhibition greenhouse built in March 28, January 1, 20___, began to receive visitors, the exhibition greenhouseconstruction area of 9800 square meters, covers an area of 5.5 hectares, is thelargest in Asia, the world 's largest single greenhouse area of exhibitiongreenhouse of Kunming World Expo, the area ratio of the greenhouse is twice asbig as the Chinese history of architecture, the big.

Greenhouse into tropical rainforest room, desert plant room, orchid,pineapple and carnivorous plant rooms and four seasons garden show, tropical,subtropical plants more than 3100 species, show perspective, strangulation,root, old cauliflorous, strange phenomenon. Exhibition greenhouse for plantscience education base, and protection of plant resources and scientificresearch are the main places. As the city of Beijing internationalization citylandmark works, the exhibition hall of the greenhouse is increasingly playing agreat social benefits.

The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing botanical garden is the 50 anniversaryof the founding of Beijing city to meet key project, botanical garden is locatedin the road on the west side, the building area of 17000 square meters, coversan area of 5.5 hectares, 260000000 yuan investment. Exhibition greenhousebuilding designed by the Beijing Architectural Design Research Institute isassumed, with “ leaves to the root. ” concept for the design theme, have greatoriginality to design the “ roots ” interwoven inclined glass ceiling, like aleaf falls in the foot of the West hills. Exhibition exhibition design byBeijing plant landscape design and Research Institute of ancient bear.Exhibition greenhouse underground foundation in 1998 3 at the end of the monthto start construction, the main steel structure and glass curtain wall will bein May completed, on 1 January 20___ open to the outside world. Exhibitiongreenhouse is divided into four main sections: the tropical rain forest, desertplant zone, four seasons garden and special plant room. Display plants 3100species more than 60000 lines, for the masses to provide rich and colorfulornamental plant landscape, learning scientific knowledge, have a higher gradeof tourist attractions. At the same time, it is the horticultural research andinternational exchanges. Exhibition greenhouse project won the Tenth NationalExcellent Project Design Gold Award, 20___ annual national high quality projectsilver medal, Beijing City tenth first prize of excellent design, “ large-scaleexhibition greenhouse plant introduction and design of the scientific andtechnological progress in Beijing city ” project won the two prize, was namedBeijing City ninety in the ten building.

篇10：介绍北京导游词

Dear ladies and gentlemen, children

hello everyone!

I'm Sheng Zexi, today's tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today weare going to visit the temple of heaven, which is one of the world famouscultural heritages. Today, I'm very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery andarchitecture with you, and have a good time together. I wish you all have a goodtime!.

The temple of heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and QingDynasties worship heaven. It was first built in 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle inMing Dynasty), and then after continuous expansion, it was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Since its completion, it has been a special altar forthe emperor to worship heaven. It lasted for 490 years until the end of the 1911Revolution and the end of the feudal monarchy. It also completed its mission. Itwas turned into a park in 1918 and has been “visited by others” ever since. In1957, it was listed in the first batch of historical and cultural relicsprotection units in Beijing. In 1961, it was listed in the first batch ofnational key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

The temple of Heaven Park, with an area of 2.05 million square meters, hasfour groups of ancient buildings: qigutan, yuanqiutan, zhaigong and Shenle

Building group, there are 92 ancient buildings, more than 600. It is thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world. There aremore than 3500 ancient pines, cypresses and locusts in the temple of heaven,which are more than hundreds of years old. The temple of heaven is not only thealtar of ancient Chinese emperors, but also the crystallization of China's longculture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, greenancient trees and rich cultural relics collection record not only theexpectation and hope of ancient Chinese ancestors, but also the wisdom,fatalness and decay of feudal emperors.

Dear tourists, our tour today is coming to an end. I'm very happy to spendthis wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today,please criticize and correct me. Thank you!

篇11：北京故宫导游词介绍

各位朋友，穿过午门，现在我们已经进入故宫。故宫中这进院落就是太和门广场。首先我们看到是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥。它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。

金水桥下是内金水河，内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城内西侧南流，至武英殿东向，经武英殿门前，再东经涵道至太和门前。又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池，从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥，后流入午门东侧筒子河，全长2100米。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

跨过金水桥，这片广场曾经是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门，即前朝的正门，初建于明永乐年间，当时叫奉天门，明嘉靖年间改称皇极门，清顺治年后改称太和门。“听政”是指听取政事。明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火烧毁，朱棣曾在此御门听政，处理国家朝政。清朝人关后，清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。

太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门，西庑中间的门叫熙和门。太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六和”。在太和门两旁还有两道门，分别为昭德门和贞度门。

过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中重要的院落——太和殿及其广场。太和殿广场基本呈正方形，整个院落平坦宽阔，气势非凡。中间御路铺以青石，两侧青砖墁地。北有太和殿，南为太和门，东为体仁阁，西为弘义阁，面积约3万平方米，是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。整个广场可容纳近7万人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。

大家请看，远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基，呈“土”字形，俗称“三台”。台基高8.13米，台边缘高7.12米，三层台基间，分列着18尊鼎式香炉。在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头，那些小龙的名字叫“螭”，是传说中一种没有角的龙，这些小龙头实际上是大殿的排水系统。如果仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔，即喷水孔，三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个，每当下大雨的时候，雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出，非常壮观，为宫中一景，被称为“千龙吐水”。三重台基承托着雄伟的三大殿，这就是故宫的中

心建筑——太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形须弥座的南部，各位可以先在这里留个影，然后我们就去参观太和殿。好!现在我们面前这座高台上的宏伟建筑就是太和殿，也就是民间所说的“金銮宝殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被视为皇权的象征。

太和殿始建于明永乐年间，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年间重建后改称皇极殿。清初顺治年间改称太和殿，康熙年间又两次大规模改造，才有今天我们看到的太和殿的规模。“太和”二字出自《周易·乾·彖辞传》中的“乾道变化，各正性命，保合大和乃利贞。”“太”即大，“和”即和谐。意思是在天道的主宰下，阴阳和合，太和元气常运不息，万物和谐共存。太和殿面阔11间，进深5间，殿高35.05米，面积约2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全国现存的、、尊贵的宫殿，也是现存的中国宫殿建筑中规模的一座。太和殿在明清两代是举行大朝礼的地方。

每逢元旦、冬至、万寿，即皇帝生日这三大节及皇帝登基、大婚、命将出征、金殿传胪等重大活动都要在太和殿举行隆重的庆典。此外，冬至圜丘坛大祀、孟春圜丘坛常雩礼、孟春祁谷坛前一日，皇帝也都要在太和殿阅视祭祀祝版。大家请抬头看太和殿的屋顶，太和殿屋顶是采用古建筑中等级的重檐庑殿顶。屋顶正脊上两头的这两大琉璃构件叫大吻，吻上的龙形有镇火的意思。除了装饰性，它的实用功能是密合殿顶正脊和垂脊的交会处，以防风雨侵蚀。

这两个大吻高3.4米，宽2.68米，重4.3吨，由13块琉璃构件组成，是现存古建中的吻。太和殿殿顶四面坡的筒子瓦上镶有琉璃帽钉两排，垂脊上还有10个垂脊兽，分别是龙、凤、狮、海马、天马、押鱼、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什，脊兽前是骑凤仙人。脊兽和帽钉既有装饰性又有实用性，它们起着固定屋顶琉璃瓦的作用。在我国古代，脊兽的数量依照建筑物的等级高低而不同，数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。太和殿的脊兽共有10只，全国只有故宫的太和殿是这样。此外，太和殿装饰用的彩绘也是等级的金龙和玺。

现在请大家跟随我一起登上高台来看看太和殿的内部陈设。太和殿由72根巨柱支撑，其中66根大红漆柱分布两侧，6根沥粉贴金蟠龙金柱分列宝座两旁。大殿内的地上是“金砖漫地”，这种金砖主要产于江苏省苏州，是专门为皇宫烧造的细料方砖。之所以叫金砖，是因为这种砖烧制时间130天，质地细密，敲之有金石之声。太和殿内的主要陈设是皇帝的宝座。宝座位于二米高的须弥式地平床上，通体雕以金龙，椅子后面是雕龙金漆的七扇屏风。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁世凯复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个西式靠背坐椅。解放以后，专家们在库房内发现了宝座的残件，经过一年多的研究整修，终于恢复了宝座原貌。

现在请大家抬头看，宝座的上方是蟠龙藻井，上圆下方，深1.8米，由上、中、下三部分组成，下层是方井，中层为八角形，上部为圆形。井内蟠龙俯首向下，龙口衔一个铜胎中空的水银球。这个球被称为轩辕镜，寓意下面宝座上的皇帝是轩辕黄帝的正统继承人。藻井的设置一方面是烘托帝王的尊严，另一方面还有镇火的含义。

好，再来看宝座前方，大家可以看到宝座前设有脚踏、香筒、角端、仙鹤、宝象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的时候用于放置檀香的，通过燃烧着的袅袅的香烟，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。再来看象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，则象征社会和政权的稳固，称为太平有象。角端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人看作是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。

看完了太和殿内景，现在，让我们转过头来再来看看殿外的陈设。在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只龙头乌龟和一只铜鹤。龟鹤都是祥瑞长寿的动物，摆在这里有千秋万代的含义。再仔细观察一下，大家可能会发现，龟鹤实际上是香炉，龟鹤背上有一块可以开启的盖子，里面可以放香料，上大朝时燃香用，届时香烟从龟鹤口中逸出，烘托了一种神秘庄严的气氛。此外，在太和殿丹陛的东南角还设有日晷。日晷是我国古代的一种计时器，由晷盘和晷针组成，晷针从晷盘中心垂直穿过。自古以来，皇帝就有向天下颁布历书的责任，所以日晷的设置是国家的重器之一。太和殿西南角设有嘉量，是古代的标准量器，放置在这里象征国家的统一和强盛。这两件陈设象征皇帝在时间上和空间上都是公正无私的，对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。

此外，在太和殿外东西两侧还各有鎏金青铜太平缸两口，每口重约2吨。鎏金是一种金属加工工艺，据说这么大的太平缸需要用黄金100两。不幸的是，上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。现在我们还可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕迹。太平缸的主要用途是储水，以备日常洒扫庭院、防火之用。据记载明朝时有热水处太监在每年的小雪节令，便给缸加盖，缸座底下加铁屉，用来生火，以防止缸内的水结冰，清朝时也是如此。紫禁城内现在共有明清两朝遗留下来的铜质及铁质太平缸308口，其中鎏金铜缸18口。

以上就是太和殿的情况。我刚才说了，太和殿是举行大典的地方，在古代，举行各种大典都要选良辰吉时，那么皇帝在何处等待这历史性时刻的来临呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿，那我们现在就去看看!

中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之间，正处于“土”字形须弥座的中部。殿为方形，四角攒尖，鎏金宝顶。中和殿在明朝初年称为华盖殿，嘉靖年间改称中极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。“中和”二字取自《礼记·中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之达道也。”体现了儒家中庸之道的思想。

在明清两代，凡遇到三大节举行庆典前，皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受内阁、内大臣、都察院、翰林院官员及侍卫人员的朝贺。如果遇到皇帝亲自参加方泽、太庙、社稷及历代帝王庙、先师孔子、朝日、夕月等重大祭典的时候，皇帝还要提前一天在中和殿阅览祝文以表示恭敬谨慎。每年仲春时节皇帝在去先农坛行耕礼时，也会亲自到中和殿阅览祝文，检查种子和农具。

过了中和殿，我们就来到了保和殿，它位于“土”字形须弥座的后部，为重檐歇山顶。明初永乐年间这里叫做谨身殿，嘉靖时改为建极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。保和殿名称来源与太和殿相同，意思是统治者应该保持天人合一，维护万物的平衡。

保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候，在举行册立大典的时候，皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底，还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝时，每逢除夕，皇帝在这里举行宴会，宴请外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴请活动也在这里举行。到了乾隆皇帝以后，保和殿又多了一个用途，成为科举考试中殿试的地方。

大家随我往后走，大家看，在保和殿后的台阶上的这块石雕丹陛，是艾叶青石雕刻而成的，石雕四周都是卷草纹，下端是海水江牙纹，中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美，是难得的石雕珍品。这块丹陛石长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达200多吨，这是紫禁城内的一块石雕丹陛，采自北京房山境内的大石窝。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍作休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家!

篇12：北京故宫导游词介绍

首先我们先介绍一下宁寿全宫。明朝时这里是一个面积很大的空旷区域，只零星分布着几组供养已经去世皇帝的妃嫔的宫殿。清朝时对这里进行了大规模的改造。初是康熙皇帝为了给皇太后养老，把这里改建成了比较完备的宫殿区。乾隆年间，清高宗弘历为了归政后有个地方养老，又对这里进行了大规模的修葺，增建了宁寿宫等建筑。但乾隆归政后并没有过来居住，此后，这组宫殿空置了百余年。直到光绪年间，为了给慈禧养老，花了60万两白银对宁寿全宫进行了修缮。慈禧晚年大部分时间都住在这里。宁寿全宫这组建筑实际上就是微缩的紫禁城。皇极殿、宁寿宫为前朝;养性殿、乐寿堂、颐和轩为后廷;宁寿宫花园为御花园。而且，宁寿全宫的东路有紫禁城内的戏台——畅音阁。

九龙壁位于皇极门前，是宁寿全宫的照壁。这座九龙壁宽29.4米，通高3.9米，由270块各色琉璃拼接成的九条巨龙，跃海腾波、形态各异。从东面数第三条白龙腹部的一块构件是用木头钉上去的，据说这块琉璃当时烧坏了，工匠想出了这种补救办法瞒过了检查的官员，避免了一场灾祸。现在国内共有3座明清时期遗留的九龙壁，另外两座分别在山西大同和北海公园，而皇极门前的这座是三座中精美的。

穿过皇极门，我们就来到了皇极殿。皇极殿始建于康熙年间，初名“宁寿宫”。乾隆年间仿乾清宫规制改建，并改名为“皇极殿”。这里是乾隆皇帝准备等自己当太上皇时，接受百官朝贺或举行典礼的地方。乾隆六十一年，即嘉庆元年，在这里举行了的一次，也是后一次千叟宴。当时乾隆已经退位，实为嘉庆元年，但在紫禁城内仍习惯用乾隆的年号，直到乾隆去世。清代前后共举行过4次千叟宴。次是在康熙五十二年，清圣祖玄烨60大寿，地点在畅春园;第二次是康熙六十一年，地点在乾清宫;第三次是乾隆五十年，地点在乾清宫;第四次是乾隆六十一年，地点在皇极殿。

皇极殿后面是宁寿宫，建于明代，康熙年间修葺，乾隆年间仿坤宁宫重建。

宁寿宫再往北是养性殿。养性殿建于乾隆年间，是仿照养心殿建造的。现在是展示各种礼器的地方，其中主要的是玉磬和编钟。

养性殿后是乐寿堂。乐寿堂原设计为乾隆的寝宫，但乾隆一天也没在这里住过。现在这里是珍宝馆展示馆藏艺术品多的地方，主要展品有：寿山和福海玉雕、大禹治水玉山和象牙席。

寿山和福海玉雕是用两块巨大的和田青玉雕成的。寿山名“丹台春晓”，玉山上刻青松云峰、瑞兽出没，下以铜座承托，象征“寿比南山不老松”。福海名“青玉云龙玉瓮”，缸形，雕以九条游龙升腾于波涛云雾之间，下以海水铜座承托，象征“福如东海长流水”。

大禹治水玉山是我国现存的古代玉雕作品，高224厘米，重达5吨。材质为和田青玉，由扬州玉工雕琢而成，历时。内容以大禹治水的故事为背景进行创作，人物场景，形态各异。玉山背面刻有乾隆皇帝的御题诗文。

象牙席是用象牙为材料编成的凉席，工艺水平极高。这种席是选用上好的象牙劈成宽3毫米、厚1毫米的象牙条编织而成的。席长216厘米，宽139厘米，原有5件，现在还剩下3件。

乐寿堂之后是颐和轩，里面有清宫留下来的重的金塔。金塔是乾隆皇帝为了纪念其母亲而制作的，塔高147厘米，采用藏传佛教中覆钵式塔的建制，眼光门内有一尊金佛，原来金佛手中捧着一个金盒，里面放着乾隆母亲生前梳头时落下的头发，故称“金发塔”。此塔共用3440两黄金，塔身用翡翠、宝石、祖母绿装饰，塔顶的太阳用红珊瑚制成，底下的月亮用绿松石制成。

宁寿宫花园又叫乾隆花园，位于宁寿宫西侧，园中有古华轩、倦勤斋等建筑。乾隆当年常在这里赐宴、听曲。其中倦勤斋，“倦勤”二字为倦怠于勤政之意，反映乾隆准备退位后不再过问朝政之事。而实际上，乾隆退位后仍然把持朝政，直到乾隆去世，嘉庆才真正开始管理这个国家。

畅音阁位于养性殿东侧，是紫禁城内的戏楼。戏楼分为上中下三层，被称为福禄寿三台。它与承德避暑山庄的清音阁、颐和园的德和园并称清代三大戏楼。

珍妃井位于宁寿全宫的北端，因井内淹死珍妃，故名。珍妃是光绪皇帝的宠妃，因同情并支持光绪皇帝变法维新的主张，被慈禧打入冷宫。19庚子国变，八国联军进入北京，慈禧西逃前命太监崔玉贵将珍妃推入此井中淹死。第二年清廷与八国联军议和，慈禧派崔玉贵先行回京将珍妃打捞上来，装殓入棺。后来瑾妃在井边房屋内设立了灵堂用于祭祀珍妃，房屋取名“怀远堂”。

后我们介绍一下神武门。神武门明朝时叫玄武门，清初为避圣祖玄烨名讳，改称神武门。清代选秀女时进出此门。门楼上设钟鼓以报时，皇帝不在宫中，神武门上报时，起更击钟108响，以后每更击鼓，第二天早时再鸣钟。皇帝如果在宫内，只击鼓不鸣钟。

篇13：北京故宫导游词介绍

故宫的前朝部分由南向北的主要建筑有太和门广场、太和门、太和殿广场、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。

我们穿过午门，眼前的就是太和门广场。北面是太和门，东面是协和门，西面是熙和门。太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，称为“六和”。皇城的天安门、地安门、东安门、西安门、长安左门、长安右门，称为“六安”。内外相应为“六和六安”，寓意内和外安，天下太平。在广场中部有一条自西北流向东南的河，相对于流经天安门前的金水河，称作内金水河。河上跨汉白玉石桥五座。内金水河的作用主要有：宣泄宫内的雨水、防止火灾汲水灭火、满足宫廷营造用水、风水中设计的需要、美化环境装饰景观。

走过汉白玉石桥，面前是太和门。太和门为前朝正门，初建于明永乐年间，时称“奉天门”。明嘉靖年间改称“皇极门”，清顺治年间改称“太和门”。太和门为重檐歇山顶，覆黄色琉璃瓦，坐落在一层汉白玉台基上。明成祖朱棣曾在这里御门听政;清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在这里举行的。太和门前有一对青铜狮子，东侧的是雄狮，雄狮旁有一个汉白玉的石佛龛，人称“空庙无神”，雌狮旁有一汉白玉石匣，人称“空匣无玺”，石匣内曾发现过五谷杂粮。但这两件陈设究竟有何寓意，已经无人知晓了。

穿过太和门，就是太和殿广场了。广场东侧是体仁阁，清朝前期，这里是用来招揽科举考试之外的人才的地方。西侧是弘义阁，在清朝，这里是收藏珠宝的地方。广场两侧扇形排列着汉白玉方砖，它是举行大朝礼时仪仗队的站班位置，叫仪仗墩。广场中央是御路，在御路两侧明清两代设有品级山，它是文武百官在举行大朝礼时站班用的。文武官员上大朝时就按品级在相应的位置上站班行礼。

广场的北侧就是前朝三大殿了。紫禁城前朝三大殿坐落在高高的“土”字形汉白玉须弥座上。玉阶三层，南向，五出陛。须弥座四周有汉白玉栏板和龙凤云纹望柱，望柱下有排水螭首1142只。据说下雨时1142只螭首会形成“大雨如练，小雨如注，千龙吐水”的奇观。太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，由南向北依次坐落在须弥座上。太和殿前三层台阶间列鼎式香炉18只，象征清朝的18个省，是上大朝礼时燃香用的。太和殿前东南角，有日晷，是古代的计时工具;西南角，有嘉量，是古代的计量工具。日晷和嘉量的北侧，各有一只铜龟和一只铜鹤。鹤在南，龟在北，龟鹤都是长寿的象征,摆在这里有千秋万代,江山永存的含义。而实际上，龟、鹤也是香炉，在龟鹤的背上有一块可开启的盖儿，内置香料，当大朝礼燃香的时候，香烟从龟鹤口中溢出，显得神秘而庄严。太和殿山墙两侧，各有鎏金青铜太平缸2口，寓意“金瓯无缺”，象征国家领土完整。每口太平缸需用黄金100两，这几口太平缸上布满刀的刮痕，是八国联军占领紫禁城前朝时所为。它的实际用途是储水，以备日常打扫和防火之用。

太和殿始建于明永乐年间,原名奉天殿，明嘉靖年间改称皇极殿，清顺治年间称太和殿。太和殿面阔11间,进深5间,是现存中国宫殿建筑中的一座。重檐庑殿顶,黄色琉璃瓦.是宫殿建筑等级的建筑形式。太和殿正脊上两头的琉璃构件叫大吻，也叫正吻、鸱吻、龙吻，吻上的龙形有镇火之意。太和殿的大吻是现存古建中的。另外，太和殿的垂脊上装有垂脊兽10只，是一一个10种垂脊兽全班上阵的建筑，显示出太和殿等级之高。10只垂脊兽分别是：龙、凤、狮、海马、天马、押鱼、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什。脊兽前是骑凤仙人。骑凤仙人是一个手执玉圭的王者骑着凤的形象。传说战国时期，齐闵王兵败济水。正在走投无路时，天降一只凤将齐闵王驮过济水。骑凤仙人被安置在飞檐前端有天不绝人、遇难呈祥之意。10种脊兽跟在骑凤仙人之后，寓意“圣天子百神护佑”。

太和殿俗称“金銮殿”。“太和”二字出自《周易》：“乾道变化，各正性命，保和大和乃利贞。”“太”即大，“和”即和谐。意思是在天道的主宰下，阴阳平衡，气息运转，万物和谐。

太和殿在明清两代是举行大朝礼的地方，每逢元旦、冬至、万寿(皇帝的生日)三大节及皇帝登基、大婚等重大活动时，都要在太和殿举行隆重的庆典，称为“大朝礼”。另外，金殿传胪也在太和殿举行，仪制等级和大朝礼相同。还有就是皇帝到天坛祭祀前，要到太和殿阅视祝版。

太和殿内中央放置着地平床，正南三出陛，东西各一出陛。地平床中央放置着皇帝的宝座，宝座通体雕饰金龙。宝座后面是一个雕龙金漆七扇屏风。宝座前有香筒、甪端、仙鹤、宝象。地平床两侧有6根沥粉贴金的盘龙柱。殿顶安置藻井，井内中心雕蟠龙俯首下视，龙口衔宝珠，称轩辕镜，以示下面宝座上的皇帝是轩辕子孙正统嫡脉。殿内金砖墁地，金砖的质地细密，敲击有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。金砖主要产于苏州，要经过选料、练泥、制坯、阴干、烧制5个阶段，其中烧制就需要130天。烧制出来的金砖叩之有声、断之无空，极其珍贵。后在铺好的金砖上浸以生桐油才算完工。

太和殿正前方悬挂乾隆御笔“建极绥猷”，匾额，大意是皇上要上承天意，下体民情，建立宏大中正之道。

在太和殿后是中和殿，殿为方形，四角攒尖式，鎏金宝顶。“中和”二字出自《礼记中庸》“中者也，天下之大本也，和者也，天下之达道也。”体现了儒家的中庸思想。中和殿内正中设有宝座，宝座上方有乾隆御笔“允执厥中”匾额。意思是要精诚恳切的秉行中正之道，治理国家。这里是三大节在太和殿举行典礼之前皇帝休息的地方。另外，皇帝去祭祀前一天，除了去天坛，要到这里阅视祝版。皇帝亲耕前也要到这里阅视祝版，检查农具和放种子的青箱。

在中和殿后是保和殿。重檐歇山顶，黄色琉璃瓦，采用了“减柱造”的建筑方法。保和殿内设有地平床，上有宝座，宝座上方是乾隆御笔“皇建有极”匾额，语义与“建极绥猷”相同。这里是皇帝每逢除夕宴请外藩王公的地方，公主下嫁的宴请活动也在这里举行。清乾隆以后，这里成为殿试的固定场所。“保和”二字出处与“太和”相同，意思是保持天人和谐，维护万物平衡。

保和殿后的台阶上有一块紫禁城内的石雕丹陛，雕工精美，重达200多吨，采自房山大石窝。

篇14：北京故宫导游词介绍

故宫又名紫禁城,建成于明永乐十八年,是中国保存完整、规模的古代皇宫建筑群。

明建文帝削藩引起燕王朱棣不满，朱棣通过“靖难之役”夺得皇位，定都南京。因北京是朱棣的龙兴之地，亲信、势力都集中在北京，而且，北京地处北方咽喉要地，有利于抗击北元残余势力的南犯。所以，永乐皇帝下令迁都北京。明永乐四年，明成祖朱棣下诏，正式启动北京宫城的建设。此间动用工匠23万、民夫百万，至永乐十八年竣工。永乐十九年元旦吉日，明成祖朱棣御奉天殿受朝贺，紫禁城正式启用。

明朝自成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检，共有14位皇帝在紫禁城内生活起居、治理国家。

清朝定都北京后继续沿用明朝的宫殿，并对部分区域进行了较大规模的改造，如：文渊阁、宁寿全宫、南三所、西五所、斋宫、毓庆宫等。另外，清朝特别重视防火，并采取了多种措施，如：对建筑进行了防火结构的改造;建立火班(消防队);配备消防器材等。

清朝自世祖福临到逊帝溥仪，共有10位皇帝在紫禁城内生活起居、治理国家。

清宣统三年，末代皇帝溥仪退位。根据民国政府所答应的“关于清帝逊位后优待之条件”，清廷皇室成员仍可居住在紫禁城内廷。直至民国十三年，冯玉祥发动“北平政变”，要求溥仪“即日移出宫禁”，溥仪才搬出紫禁城。此间仍有人使用过紫禁城，那就是民国二年十月十日，袁世凯在紫禁城太和殿举行了大总统就职典礼。为此，袁世凯下令撤掉了皇帝宝座，换成西式靠椅，并取消了紫禁城前朝匾额上的满文。1925年10月10日，紫禁城改称“故宫博物院”，正式对社会开放。

解放以后，我国政府花费巨资对紫禁城进行了维护和修缮，使紫禁城再次焕发青春。

紫禁城这个名字是根据天象取的。古代天文学家将天体分为三垣四象二十八星宿。三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣、天市垣，紫微垣居天体中央，北极星又是紫微垣的中心，为天帝所居，称“紫宫”。人间的皇宫是应天象而建的，故取“紫”字。“禁”是指皇家禁地，万民莫入，故称“紫禁城”。

紫禁城坐落在北京的中轴线上。其建筑布局突出了一条明显的中轴线，主要建筑都在其上。红砖墙、黄色琉璃瓦、青白石基座体现出了皇家的气势，突出了皇权的至高无上。紫禁城有四座城门，南面为午门、北面为神武门、东面为东华门、西面为西华门。紫禁城以乾清门前的小广场为界，南面是前朝部分，北面是后廷部分。

紫禁城南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积约72万平方米，建筑面积约15万平方米，共有宫殿房舍8704间，周围是10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河。紫禁城的四角是由“九梁十八柱七十二脊”构成的精美的角楼。

午门是紫禁城的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位，即古代罗盘上的正南方，故称午门。鸟瞰午门，平面呈“凹”字形。午门通高35米，城台上正中是重檐庑殿顶、黄色琉璃瓦的城楼，九五开间。两阙上建有连檐通脊明廊各13间，明廊南北各有一座镏金宝顶的四角攒尖顶崇楼，加上午门正中的城楼，一气呵成，俗称“五凤楼”。另外，从午门正南方看，两阙犹如一只巨鸟展开的翅膀，所以，午门又称“雁翅楼”。午门面南,正门三间,两阙下东西侧另开左掖门、右掖门，东西向。午门南面正门三间，背面则为大门五间，人称这种规制为“明三暗五”。

午门中间正门专供皇帝出入，另外，只有皇后大婚时可以由此门进入。还有就是殿试中的前三名：状元、榜眼、探花可以从午门正门出宫，以示褒奖。举行大朝礼或随皇帝出行时，三品以上文武官员出入东门，宗室王公出入西门。左右掖门平时不开，上大朝时三品以下官按文东武西由掖门出入。殿试时，考生按考试的名次，单数走东掖门，双数走西掖门。传胪大典时，进士也是按照名次，分别从东西掖门出入。

午门前是逢年过节官民同乐举行各种活动的地方。明朝时，这里曾经处罚过大臣，称为“廷杖”，处罚地点在御路西边的空地。廷杖，就是打屁股，是明代的著名特产。但这个打屁股可不简单，那是个技术工种。明代的廷杖其实是一种非常严酷的刑罚，跟在家挨打可不一样。执行廷杖的人基本上都是锦衣卫，本身就都身强力壮。为了掌握廷杖的力度，又进行了艰苦的训练，确保能够一打就死，或者百打不死。训练的时候找一块砖头，在上面铺一张宣纸，用棍子猛击宣纸，如果宣纸破裂，则重新开始。如此这般不断练习，以宣纸不破，而砖头尽碎为层次。如果送过钱，就按打宣纸的力度打，打得皮开肉绽，实际上都是软组织损伤，涂点药就没事了。要是既无关照又有私仇的，那就按打砖头的力度打，一棍下去表皮完整，内部大出血，就此丧命那是绝不奇怪。

在明朝，有时被打屁股是十分光荣的，因为那是敢于直言进谏的象征。明万历年间，一个叫赵用贤的小官，因弹劾张居正夺情被打了屁股。赵用贤是个胖子，由于打得太狠，屁股上被打掉了不少肉。打完之后，赵用贤的老婆在这些被打掉的肉中找到了一块的，用特制方法风干后，做成了腊肉，从此挂在了家里，成了对子孙进行光荣教育的纪念品。

到了清朝，就没有廷杖这种制度了。在午门主要就是举行献俘礼和颁朔礼。献俘礼就是将军打了胜仗向皇帝进献俘虏的仪式，颁朔礼就是皇帝每年十月初一向全国颁布历书的仪式。

除午门之外，午门广场周边共设有5个门。正南为端门。午门两阙南侧东西各有朝房3间，是王公们的朝房，现为故宫售票处。朝房南侧，东为阙左门，西为阙右门。阙左门、阙右门之南为连檐通脊朝房各42间。东朝房南侧为太庙右门，西朝房南侧为社稷坛左门。两门之南另各有朝房5间，两门南北朝房为六科廊。