北京故宫博物院作文

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北京故宫博物院作文(共28篇)由网友“啊尼哟”投稿提供,下面是小编帮大家整理后的北京故宫博物院作文,希望对大家的学习与工作有所帮助。

北京故宫博物院作文

篇1:北京故宫博物院作文

北京故宫博物院作文

游客们,你们好!欢迎你们来到首都北京旅游。我是北京旅游公司的导游小姐,我姓李,请大家称呼我为李导。今天,我带大家去故宫博物院参观、旅游。

首先,我向大街介绍一下北京故宫的历史。故宫是明清两朝的皇宫,也称紫禁城,位于北京市中心,曾居住过24个皇帝,现名故宫博物院,是我国规模最大,最完整的古代宫殿建筑群和文物宝库,已有560多年的历史,占地72万平方米,被誉为世界五大宫之一,并为联合国可叫文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。

请游客们随我一起参观,走进天安门,经过午门,午门是紫禁城的正门,就来到了太和门,太和门前,有两尊青铜铸的狮子,地上金砖铺地,天花板描龙彩绘,一座高大的宫殿展现在大家面前,这就是皇上办公的.太和殿,坐落在工字形弥座上,汉白玉雕成,分成上中下三层。经过太和殿,就来到保和殿,意思为神志得专一,保持和谐,才能福寿安乐天下太平。

每个殿都有朱红的宫墙和大门,屋顶上盖的是黄色的琉璃瓦,整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,气魄雄伟,极为壮观,它标志着我国悠久的文化传统,显示着我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

在这里,我向大家介绍一下御花园,拐个弯,进小门,向右看,就看见九龙壁,九龙壁上刻着九条龙,它们颜色分别是白蓝黄黑四种,它们形态各异,没有哪两条是相同的。转个圈就来到御花园,它是典型的中国宫廷园林建筑,园内奇花异木,镶嵌石径,亭台楼阁,假山堆石,景色优美,四季都有花开,这里是皇帝休闲的好场所。

一天的导游生活匆忙的结束了,临行的时候,我恋恋不舍的和大家告别,祝他们一路平安,希望有机会再到北京细细游玩。

篇2:关于北京故宫博物院导游词

北京故宫博物院导游词

(故宫午门前)

女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自19清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至14明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

篇3:北京故宫博物院导游词

亲爱的朋友们,今天我将要带大家参观的是当今世界上保存最完整的,也是我国古代最瑰丽的宫殿——故宫。在进行正式参观之前,我先通过导游词给大家做一下简短的介绍。

故宫又名紫禁城,是我国古代明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫。它坐落在北京中轴线的中心位置,占地面积约为72万平方米,是现存规模最大的宫殿型建筑。紫禁城现存的殿宇有2631座,其中最著名的建筑有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、文华阁、武英阁等等。北京故宫是我国重点文物保护单位,也是国家5A级风景区,并入选了《世界文化遗产名录》。由此可见,故宫博物馆的历史价值和文化意义。

听了我通过导游词的简单介绍,我想大家对故宫也有了一个简单的认识。喜欢看宫廷剧的朋友们一定非常期待,想去看一看那些皇后、嫔妃们生活起居的地方,但是我不得不告诉大家,电视剧中拍摄的皇宫并不是故宫,而是仿照故宫专门用于拍摄的建筑。所以,故宫中有很多殿宇是不能进入,只能远观的,希望大家严格遵守要求,以免损坏了那些具有历史价值的文物。同时,也希望大家做好文明旅客,不乱扔垃圾,不乱涂乱画,希望大家配合。

听了故宫导游词,我想大家一定迫不及待了吧,那么我们现在就开始进行参观,请大家跟随我的脚步一同揭开故宫神秘的面纱。

篇4:北京故宫博物院导游词

北京故宫博物院导游词

女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴,这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自19清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至14明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10 位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了,

每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的`布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

(在太和门前)

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“ 内廷”,建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆,形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金碧辉煌,庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半,说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

篇5: 北京故宫博物院英文导游词

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world C famous wonder C the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of24monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape,960 meters long from north to south and750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of720,000 square meters of which150,000 is building area . It has9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are  room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of9roof beams,18pillars and72ridge . Encircling the compound there is a3,800-meter-long and52meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two Cdozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

北京长城英文导游词 ・岳阳楼英文导游辞 ・重庆英文导游词 ・西藏英文导游词

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed Ctile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of9room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

As the legend goes, the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. This not true. However, flogging was carried out here by the Ming emperors ,If a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .At one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of11people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .On the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month). On these occasions, Chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

Upon entering the Meridian Gate we began our tour of the Palace Museum. The river foowing in front of us is known as Jin Shui He (Golden Water River) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the Inner Golden Water Bridges. The on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. The bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. The rest were used by palatines. Aside from decoration, the golden Water River was also dug as precaution against fire. Most of the structures within the palace Museum are made of wood. What is more ,according to ancient Chinese cosmology, the South is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the Palace. In this way, the Palace Museum reflects traditional Chinese culture.

This building is called the Gate of Supreme Harmony .In the foreground stand two bronze lions. Can anybody tell which is male and which is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. A layout of the Palace Museum is posted by the entrance . From it ,you can see that the Palace Museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. The three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. Behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the Imperial Garden .It was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. The exhibition system of the Palace Museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. The Palace Museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of China `s museums. There are the three main halls of the Palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . Since most of China `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. To gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .It is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. On stairways of triple marble terrace there are18bronze tripods .The verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .On the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. On the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

In the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty .Each of these weights2tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .The structure in the very middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,also known as the throne hall. It is64meters in width and is38meters from entrance to rear. With terrace exclusive ,the hall is  meters in height and is  meters in all .Covering and areaof2,377square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is China` s largest exiting wooden structure. The hall is supported by6thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. As the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. The throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, Luduan (a unicorn which could travel18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .Over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .This ball is known as Xuanyuan Mirror ,and was supposedly made by a Chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. The throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .Magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. He used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

篇6:北京故宫博物院英文导游词

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

Hello, everyone,

We are noe 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the north north to south and 750 meters east to s in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The pound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign pound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-plex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Toinence plex, tplicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese plete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

What -units. It is flanked by tplete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

篇7:北京故宫博物院英文导游词

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

As the legend goes, the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. This not true. However, flogging was carried out here by the Ming emperors ,If a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .At one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .On the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month). On these occasions, Chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

Upon entering the Meridian Gate we began our tour of the Palace Museum. The river foowing in front of us is known as Jin Shui He (Golden Water River) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the Inner Golden Water Bridges. The on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. The bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. The rest were used by palatines. Aside from decoration, the golden Water River was also dug as precaution against fire. Most of the structures within the palace Museum are made of wood. What is more ,according to ancient Chinese cosmology, the South is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the Palace. In this way, the Palace Museum reflects traditional Chinese culture.

This building is called the Gate of Supreme Harmony .In the foreground stand two bronze lions. Can anybody tell which is male and which is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. A layout of the Palace Museum is posted by the entrance . From it ,you can see that the Palace Museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. The three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. Behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the Imperial Garden .It was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. The exhibition system of the Palace Museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. The Palace Museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of China `s museums. There are the three main halls of the Palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . Since most of China `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. To gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .It is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. On stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .The verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .On the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. On the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

In the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty .Each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .The structure in the very middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,also known as the throne hall. It is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. With terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .Covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is China` s largest exiting wooden structure. The hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. As the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. The throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, Luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .Over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .This ball is known as Xuanyuan Mirror ,and was supposedly made by a Chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. The throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .Magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. He used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,there sits the Hall of Complete Harmony. This structure is square in shape .Each side is 24.15 meters. This was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme Harmony to observe rites. This was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. A grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. There are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. Behind the Hall of Complete Harmony ,you will see the Hall of Preserving Harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. The imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the Sui Dynasty. China` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. To the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . It is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. It was quarried in Fangshan County in suburban Beijing. To bring this giant piece of stone to Beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

We are now standing before the square of the Hall of Heaven Purity. It served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .This building is known as the Gate of Heavenly Purity. Emperor Qianlong held court here. Proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the Hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. The hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .Inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. All of the other buildings are centered around the Palace of Heavenly Purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by Heaven. The empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. Later the emperor moved to live in the Palace of Mental cultivation. Looking up you can see a plaque bearing the Chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .Behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. This approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. Two copies of the will were prepared .One was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. After the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. It was in this way that Emperor Qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

Behind the Hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. It was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , A total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. In the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting Taoist doctrines.

Further northward is the Palace of Earthly Tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . The hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .Through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. This hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

The Gate of Earthly Tranquilliity leads to the Imperial garden (known to westerners as Qianlong` s Garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. A magnificent structure stands in the middle. It is called the Qin `s an (Imperial Peace) Hall. It is the only building in the Palace Museum that was built in Taoist style. It served as a shrine to the Taoist deity. The garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. There are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . On each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. The garden also features an imperial landscape. With rare trees and exotic rockery, the Imperial Garden served as a model for China` s imperial parks .In all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

The tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the Palace Museum. Our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the Palace are not . On the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign Charcoal Hill , providing natural protection for the Forbidden City. This was also an embodiment of China` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. Now let` s climb up to Wanchun (Everlasting Springs ) Pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the Palace Museum.

篇8:北京故宫博物院的导游词

故宫博物院导游词

各位朋友:

今天我们将要游览的是一处独具特色的旅游景点,它位于北京城的中心,殿宇千门万户,楼阁巍峨庄严,红墙黄瓦,金碧辉煌,素有金色的宫殿之海的美称,故宫博物院导游词。您一定猜到了,这就是驰名中外的故宫博物院。

故宫是明、清两面三刀代的皇宫,在这里有明清两代24个帝王登基坐殿,统治中国长达500多年。故宫含金量 颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在北京城的中心,是全城风景最美的一处景观。故宫的西北面有湖光塔景的北海公园;西面是碧波粼粼的中南海;东面有著名的商业街王府井;北面的景山为故宫的屏障。站在景山万春亭上,可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。故宫南面是特殊意义的国门,即天-安-门广场,它是新中国的象征,第一面五星红旗在此冉冉升起。

故宫是世界著名的旅游景观,被世界教科文组织列为世界文化遗产,它闪烁着东方文明的光辉。

故宫南北长960米,东西宽750米,面积木2万平方米,其中建筑面积15万平方米,有房屋9000余间。很多人都听说故宫有房9999间半的传说,这是因为按《易经〉中讲九是阳极之数,发九为尊,故宫是皇帝的住处自然要作到头了,导游词《故宫博物院导游词》。故宫四周有高10米的城墙。城有四门,南面是正门午门,北为神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门。四角各有一座结构精巧别致的被称作“九梁十八柱七十二条脊“的角楼。城外有长3800米,宽52米的护城河,使故宫自成防御体系,有城中之城的美称。而其护城河长度,也已列入世界之最。

故宫从明代开始作为统治中心,但它的初建者却不是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋而是他的四儿子明成祖朱棣。故宫建在北京城南起永定门北至鼓楼长16华里的中轴线上,南北为主,左右对称,建造中遵循《周礼。考工记》中“前朝后室,左祖右社”的建造原则。故宫在建造手法上突出皇权,其基本做法是突出以前三殿和后三宫为主的中轴线,其他建筑拱卫中央。故宫的建造可以说是集全国的人力物力,木材砖瓦取自全国各地,耗费极其巨大。宫殿内墁地的砖被称作“金砖”,制-作-工-艺极为复杂,从取土到成泥要6道工序,到成砖则需17道工序,最后还要把砖放到桐油里浸泡处理。这种砖铺在地上越磨越亮,由于制作复杂,价格昂贵,在当时一砖合一石米。年以有“金砖”之称。可以说故宫每座宫殿都浸透着人民的血汗它集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,充分反映了我国劳动人民的高度智慧和创造才能。故宫是我国保存到现在最完整,最辉煌的一组皇家建筑群,而今成为著名的旅游景点。

现在展现在我们眼前的这座红墙黄瓦,飞檐宏丽的建筑就是故宫的正门——午门。它平面呈“凹“字形,上有崇楼五座,正楼是9开间的重檐庑殿顶大殿,东西是四座重檐四角攒尖顶方形亭楼,各以廊庑相连,辅翼正楼。整个建筑气势巍峨,充分体现了皇帝的威严。午门全部建筑,高下错落,左右映对,势若朱鸟展翅,翱翔天空,故又常被人称作五凤楼。正楼设有宝座,左右设有钟鼓楼,过去皇帝 在太和殿举行大典时,钟鼓齐鸣,肃穆森严。

一提起午门,常令人想起“推出午门斩首示众”这句话。其实午门前并未斩过人。因为明朝行刑在西市9今西四),清代在菜市口,但在这里却打死过人。明代有一种罚刑——廷杖,就在午门下举行。如果大臣触怒皇帝就要被批“逆鳞”。被子批“逆鳞”的大臣被子打掉乌纱帽穿上囚衣推出午门,行刑就在这御路东侧。起初只是象征性的打,主要在于对大臣的羞辱,但到后来则打人至死。正德十四年正德皇帝朱厚照要到江南选美,群臣阻谏。荒淫无度的正德皇帝不但不听,还将舒芬,黄巩等130位大臣廷仗,打死11人。这听起来确实非常残忍,不过要到传统佳节元宵节,这晨却是另一番景象,悬灯结彩赐宴百官,喜气洋洋。

篇9:北京故宫博物院英文导游词

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

篇10:北京故宫博物院观后感600字

这周末,我来到故宫博物院,参观了紫禁城建成六百年纪念展,主题是“丹宸永固”。“丹”是红色的意思;“宸”则指祖国的大好河山;“永固”,顾名思义,是永远长存的意思。“丹宸永固”寓意祖国江山永远长存。

我前来参观时,正是日出之时,太阳平齐于地平线,放射出耀眼的光芒。阳光洒在古楼的屋檐上,琉璃瓦被照射得闪着金光,一些纯金建造的装饰也闪闪发光,金碧辉煌,一片生机勃勃的景象。园内有一群鸽子站在屋顶上,眺望着远方,陶醉在故宫的美景里。

一进入展览室,人山人海,看来展品肯定非常珍贵。这次纪念活动展出了许多珍宝,有皇帝所坐的宝座,还有皇后娘娘戴过的貂皮帽子,有烧香的青铜香炉,还有用一块儿玉制成的玉玺,这些展品果然都名不虚传,深得游客们的赞叹和喜爱。

最让我印象深刻的一件宝物是金瓯永固杯。金瓯永固杯是用金子打造而成,上面刻有花朵纹样。杯子两侧各有一条龙作为杯子的把手,杯子上镶嵌着许多直径大于五毫米的珍宝和五彩缤纷的宝石,两面分别刻有“金瓯永固”和“乾隆年制”八个字。杯底以四只大象的鼻子为支撑点,耳朵较小,牙齿较长,看起来很是美观。金瓯永固杯小巧而精致,和我们的手掌大小差不多,让我不禁感叹古代能工巧匠的智慧,也让我感受到了我国当时的繁荣昌盛。

宏伟的紫禁城,经历了六百年的风雨,见证了我们国家和民族六百年间的兴衰荣辱。丹宸永固,它将继续迎接中华民族伟大复兴的时代。我希望这些文物一直完好无损,让后代子孙也能看到这一奇观,感受到祖国的强大,为祖国感到自豪!

篇11:北京故宫博物院的英文导游词

北京故宫博物院的英文导游词

hello, everyone,

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world C famous wonder C the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two Cdozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed Ctile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would Cbe royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.

篇12:精选北京故宫博物院旅游区导游词

太和殿也叫金銮殿,为什么这么叫呢?因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。金砖墁地平整如镜,光滑细腻,像是洒了一层水,发着幽暗的光。那么金砖真的含金吗?其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖,工艺考究,复杂,专为皇宫而制,敲起来有金石之声,所以称作“金砖”。烧这种砖,每一块相当于一石大米的价钱,可见金砖虽不含金,但也确实贵重。

殿内共有72根大主柱,支撑其全部重量,其中6根雕龙金柱,沥粉贴金,围绕着宝座周围。在殿中央有一藻井,是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来,为中国古代建筑的特色之一。主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上,有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位,有一浮雕蟠龙,口衔一球(球为铜胎中空,外涂水银),此球叫轩辕镜,传说是远古时代轩辕黄帝制造的,悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起,构成游龙戏珠的形式,悬于帝王宝座上方,以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙,是黄帝正统继承者。它使殿堂富丽堂皇,雍容华贵。镜下正好对着宝座,据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死,故将宝座向后挪到现在的位置。关于龙椅,这里面有段故事。19(民国五年)袁世凯登基时,把原来的宝座搬走了,换了一把西式高背大椅,上饰他自己设计的帝国徽号。据说他的腿短,因而将椅座降低。新中国成立后,为了寻找那把龙椅,根据过去的一张照片,在破家具库找到了一把破椅,经专家鉴定,这椅子就是皇帝宝座,后经修复展出。

(带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处)

古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸,称为“门海”,门海者,盖“门前大海”之意,古人相信,门前有大海,就不怕闹火灾。因此,大缸又称为吉祥缸。它既是陈设品,又是消防器材。在科学不民达的古代,宫中没有自来水,更没有消防器材。因此,缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。

清代时,共有308口大缸,按其质量分类三种,即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸,其中最珍贵的是鎏金铜缸。然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体的厄运。侵略者是谁?是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。为了镇压中国人民反帝的义和团运动,19的8月13日至8月15日,八国联军攻陷北京,进占紫禁城。救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠,从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺的文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山,至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。这一切包括眼前这口缸上的道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国的铁证。是伪统治时期,大缸被拉出宫门,装上日本侵略军的卡车,用去制作子弹,再反过来屠杀我国人民。

(中和殿前)

眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。皇帝举行大典前,先到此暂坐休息,会见一些官员。皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时,前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式,前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。这里现在陈列的是乾隆年间的两面三刀顶肩舆,即八抬大轿

城角

故宫的四个城角,每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼,建造的可好看了。这四座角搂是怎么盖的呢?北京有这么个传说——

明朝的燕王朱隶在南京做了永乐皇帝以后,因为北京是他做王爷时候的老地方,就想迁都北京,于是就派了亲信大臣到北京盖皇官。朱隶告诉这个大臣:要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城的四个犄角上,盖四座样子特别美丽的角楼,每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。并且说:“你就做这个管工大臣吧,如果修盖的不好是要杀头的!”管工大臣领了皇帝的谕旨后,心里非常发愁,不知如何盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的角楼。

管工大臣到了北京以后,就把八十一家大包工木厂的工头、木匠们都叫来,跟他们说了皇帝的旨意,限期三个月,叫他们一定要按期盖成这四座怪样子的角楼,并且说:“如果盖不成,皇帝自然要杀我的头,可是在没杀我的头之前,我就先把你们的头砍了,所以当心你们的脑袋。”工头和木匠们对这样的工程都没把握,只好常常在一块琢磨法子。

三个月的期限是很短的,一转眼就是一个月了,工头和木匠们还没想出一点头绪、一点办法来,他们做了许多样型,都不合适。这时候,正赶上六七月的三伏天气,热得人都喘不上气来,加上心里烦闷,工头和木匠们真是坐也不合适,躺也不合适。有这么一位木匠师傅,实在呆不住了,就上大街闲遛去了。

走着走着,听见老远传来一片蝈蝈的吵叫声,接着、又听见一声吆喝:“买蝈蝈,听叫去,睡不着,解闷儿去!”走近一看,是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸编的蝈蝈笼子,在沿街叫卖。其中有一个细秫秸棍插的蝈蝈笼子,精巧得跟画里的一座楼阁一样,里头装着几只蝈蝈,木匠师傅想:反正是烦心的事,该死的活不了,买个好看的笼子,看着也有趣儿,于是就买下了。

这个木匠提着蝈蝈笼子,回到了工地。大伙儿一看就吵嚷起来了:“人们都心里怪烦的,你怎么买一笼子蝈蝈来,成心吵人是怎么着?”木匠笑着说:“大家睡不着解个闷儿吧,你们瞧……”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么好看呀!可是他还没说出嘴来,就觉得这笼子有点特别。他急忙摆着手说:“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷的,让我数数再说。“他把蝈蝈笼子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍,大伙被他这一数,也吸引得留了神,静静地直着眼睛看着,一点声音也没有。

木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子,蹦起来一拍大腿说:“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么?”大伙一听都高兴了,这个接过笼子数数,那个也接过笼子数数,都说:“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的楼阁啊,”

篇13:精选北京故宫博物院旅游区导游词

各位游客大家好!今天我们游览的是北京故宫。我是导游。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

故宫,又称紫禁城,是中国明清两代的皇宫。它是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始于明永乐四年(公元14),历时才完工。共有24位皇帝先后在此登基执政,统治中国长达500余年。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿——故宫了。大家看,这四面墙就是宫墙了,而且宫墙四面者建有高大的城门,南为午武门,东为东华门,西为西华门,宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特,造型绮丽的。现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官,发号施令,举行庆典的地方。全殿有11间房,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外净空高达14米,宽达63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木构大殿。

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。

保和殿,是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。

我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处,由此向北便是内廷。朝清宫是明、清皇帝住的地方。大家知道吗?《还珠格格》这部电视剧就是故宫拍的。

规划严整,气魄雄伟,极为壮观,这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局,立体效果以及形式上雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与论比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统,显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

各位游客,我们今天的浏览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家度过这段美好时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处,请您指正。祝大家玩得愉快!谢谢。

北京故宫博物院导游词 (五)

大家好!欢迎大家来到故宫,很高兴能为大家服务,我是本次大家旅程的导游韩一铭,大家叫我韩导就行。今天由我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。

现在,大家已经乘车来到了位于北京市中心的故宫。这里曾居住过24个皇帝,是明、清两代的皇宫,现在是故宫博物馆。故宫整个建筑金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽,无论是平面布局、立体效果还是形式上的雄伟堂皇,都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

我们先来观看故宫的中轴吧!这条中轴在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿的两旁,还分布着许多殿宇,也都宏伟华丽。

参观完了中轴线,就要去艺术珍品馆啦!故宫的一些宫殿中建立了综合性的历史艺术馆、绘画馆、分类的陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、明清工艺美术馆、铭刻馆、玩具馆、文房四宝馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆和清代宫廷典章文物展览等,收藏有大量的古代艺术珍品。据统计,有102653件,其中很多文物都是绝无仅有的无价之宝。

故宫的四个城角上,每个角都有十八柱七十二条脊的角楼,有一个关于角楼的传说。有一天,永乐皇帝让大臣们在故宫的四个犄角上修建一座九梁十柱七十二条脊,这可把大臣们给难住了。有一天,一位木匠见了一个装蝈蝈的笼子,觉着笼子非常奇怪,就走过去看了看,一数,这正是九梁十柱七十二条脊!木匠立刻交给了大臣。从此,就留下了这样的角楼。

各位游客,我们今天的游览马上就要结束了,对我今天的讲解,欢迎您提出意见和建议,我深表感谢。最后,祝大家玩得开心!谢谢

篇14:精选北京故宫博物院旅游区导游词

各位朋友:

今天我们将要游览的是一处独具特色的旅游景点,它位于北京城的中心,殿宇千门万户,楼阁巍峨庄严,红墙黄瓦,金碧辉煌,素有金色的宫殿之海的美称。您一定猜到了,这就是驰名中外的故宫博物院。

故宫是明、清两面三刀代的皇宫,在这里有明清两代24个帝王登基坐殿,统治中国长达500多年。故宫含金量 颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在北京城的中心,是全城风景最美的一处景观。故宫的西北面有湖光塔景的北海公园;西面是碧波粼粼的中南海;东面有著名的商业街王府井;北面的景山为故宫的屏障。站在景山万春亭上,可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。故宫南面是特殊意义的国门,即天安门广场,它是新中国的象征,第一面五星红旗在此冉冉升起。

故宫是世界著名的旅游景观,被世界教科文组织列为世界文化遗产,它闪烁着东方文明的光辉。

故宫南北长960米,东西宽750米,面积木2万平方米,其中建筑面积15万平方米,有房屋9000余间。很多人都听说故宫有房9999间半的传说,这是因为按《易经〉中讲九是阳极之数,发九为尊,故宫是皇帝的住处自然要作到头了。故宫四周有高10米的城墙。城有四门,南面是正门午门,北为神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门。四角各有一座结构精巧别致的被称作“九梁十八柱七十二条脊“的角楼。城外有长3800米,宽52米的护城河,使故宫自成防御体系,有城中之城的美称。而其护城河长度,也已列入世界之最。

故宫从明代开始作为统治中心,但它的初建者却不是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋而是他的四儿子明成祖朱棣。故宫建在北京城南起永定门北至鼓楼长16华里的中轴线上,南北为主,左右对称,建造中遵循《周礼。考工记》中“前朝后室,左祖右社”的建造原则。故宫在建造手法上突出皇权,其基本做法是突出以前三殿和后三宫为主的中轴线,其他建筑拱卫中央。故宫的建造可以说是集全国的人力物力,木材砖瓦取自全国各地,耗费极其巨大。宫殿内墁地的砖被称作“金砖”,制作工艺极为复杂,从取土到成泥要6道工序,到成砖则需17道工序,最后还要把砖放到桐油里浸泡处理。这种砖铺在地上越磨越亮,由于制作复杂,价格昂贵,在当时一砖合一石米。年以有“金砖”之称。可以说故宫每座宫殿都浸透着人民的血汗它集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,充分反映了我国劳动人民的高度智慧和创造才能。故宫是我国保存到现在最完整,最辉煌的一组皇家建筑群,而今成为著名的旅游景点。

现在展现在我们眼前的这座红墙黄瓦,飞檐宏丽的建筑就是故宫的正门——午门。它平面呈“凹“字形,上有崇楼五座,正楼是9开间的重檐庑殿顶大殿,东西是四座重檐四角攒尖顶方形亭楼,各以廊庑相连,辅翼正楼。整个建筑气势巍峨,充分体现了皇帝的威严。午门全部建筑,高下错落,左右映对,势若朱鸟展翅,翱翔天空,故又常被人称作五凤楼。正楼设有宝座,左右设有钟鼓楼,过去皇帝 在太和殿举行大典时,钟鼓齐鸣,肃穆森严。

一提起午门,常令人想起“推出午门斩首示众”这句话。其实午门前并未斩过人。因为明朝行刑在西市9今西四),清代在菜市口,但在这里却打死过人。明代有一种罚刑——廷杖,就在午门下举行。如果大臣触怒皇帝就要被批“逆鳞”。被子批“逆鳞”的大臣被子打掉乌纱帽穿上囚衣推出午门,行刑就在这御路东侧。起初只是象征性的打,主要在于对大臣的羞辱,但到后来则打人至死。正德十四年正德皇帝朱厚照要到江南选美,群臣阻谏。荒淫无度的正德皇帝不但不听,还将舒芬,黄巩等130位大臣廷仗,打死11人。这听起来确实非常残忍,不过要到传统佳节元宵节,这晨却是另一番景象,悬灯结彩赐宴百官,喜气洋洋。

北京故宫博物院导游词 (三)

女士们、先生们:

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆,一般大家都简称它为故宫,顾名思义,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。自19清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至14明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝的14位,清朝的10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位,是建筑艺术的经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

篇15:《故宫博物院》

《故宫博物院》

教学目的

1.学习本文以空间为序说明事物的顺序,体会这类说明文的条理性。

2.认识并学习方位词语的准确运用。

3.了解故宫博物院这一古代建筑群的概貌和特色,认识古代劳动人民杰出的智慧和创造才能,以增强学生的民族自豪感,激发学生对伟大祖国的热爱。

教学设想

1.本文最初是一篇广播稿。据此,可设计一种使学生身临其境的授课方式。在这种总体设想下,可分为两个步聚:第一步,教师以导游或解说员身份介绍故宫博物院的总体概况第二步,在教师的示范和指导下,由学生担任导游,就某些局部内容向大家介绍,借以指导朗读,增强学生对空间的感性认识,缩短与课文的距离。

2.对全文内容的掌握,可以与处理课后练习结合起来,首先组织学生熟悉课文,标注表明方位走向的词语;在这个基础上,分组讨论填写练习一的《故宫博物院示意图》;最后,全班一起讨论填写《故宫博物院示意图》,使学生对全文空间说明顺序,清晰分明的结构层次形成清楚的认识。

3.对说明的重点太和殿,可采取综合方法处理,空间方位可由学生解决,政治含义以教师分析为主,最后用课后练习巩固。

4.绘制《故宫博物院导游图》(不标建筑物名称和导游路线)大图或投影胶片均可。备用。

安排两课时。

第一课时

教学重点

1.了解故宫博物院全貌,掌握全文结构层次说明顺序。

2.初步认识故宫建筑群雄伟、壮丽的总特点。

教学过程

一、检查预习、解题。

1. 注音: 矗立 鳌头 湛蓝 藻井 斗拱 蟠龙 金銮殿 击磬

檀木 攒 乾清官 坤宁宫 肃穆 额枋 矫健 鎏金

翊 妃嫔

2.解释字义、词义:攒 挥霍 湛蓝 井然有序 点缀 错综相连 和谐 迥然不同

以上字词可出示字词卡片或使用投影。

3. 解题。

学生朗读“预习提示”第一句。

教师:这篇课文就是介绍故宫博物院的一篇说明文。(加黑字板书)

教师朗读课文第1段,学生标注有关名称,

教师提示;“紫禁城”:中国古代皇帝自称天了,他的住地称皇宫、紫宫,是禁地,不许百姓靠近,所以称紫禁城。这个词表明了它过去的封建性质和功用。

“故宫”:明清两代已成为历史,皇宫被人们称为故宫,这是人们习惯的称呼,表明着时代的变迁。

“故宫博物院”:博物院展览陈列各种文物标本,供人们参观。这个词表明了它今日的功能。也正因为此,我们才能去参观这座“我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群”。

课题采用“故宫博物院”既介绍了历史渊源,也体现了现实功能,与文章内容一致。

二、学习课文一、二段,了解故宫概况与全貌。

提问:如果我是一名导游,你们是来首都北京观光的游客,我们就要去游览故宫博物院了,你们首先需要我介绍一些什么呢?

归纳:首先要介绍概况,即位置、历史、价值。对这些,刚才我在读第一段时做了介绍。

提问:我们现在来到了故宫的正门天安门前,我这位导游又该介绍些什么呢?

归纳:应当介绍一下它的全貌。课文第二段就做了如下说明:

教师朗读第2段。

这一段介绍了故宫的四座城门,宫城的形状面积,宫殿房屋数量,城墙、护城河和角楼。概括说,就是故宫的总布局。故宫建筑群的总特点又是什么呢?

同学齐读第2段最后一句。

“规模宏大,形体壮丽,建筑精美,布局统一”,十六个字,四个主谓短语,整齐和谐的从四个方面概括了建筑群的总特点,全文就是围绕这十六个字说明的。

三、学习课文3――19段。理解课文主体的空间说明顺序。

(一)学习课文3――10段。

1.默读,标注有关建筑物的名词,表明方位的词语和说明走向的词语。

2.四人一组讨论,填写练习一中《故宫博物院示意图》有关部分(第2段中介绍的也一并填写)。

3.出示《故宫博物院导游图》,边讨论,边填写,边讲析。(图,见文后)

讲析:天安门是文章导游的起点。“里”、“前面”、“东西”、“北面”、“中心”等词语标明了方位。“从……往里走,沿着……穿过……到……。走进……”,“过了……就到了……”表达空间转移的走向。为了在有限的篇幅中介绍这座宠大的建筑群,作者选取了沿中轴线由南而北的顺序,使读者很快来到故宫最重要的建筑──三大殿。对三大殿的建筑介绍有分有合:4段、7段合,5、6、8、9、10段分;有详有略:太和殿详,中和殿、保和殿略。文章选用了合理的说明顺序,而且很好的运用了这个顺序。

(二)学习课文11――19段。

讲析:第11段是过渡段。在这之前介绍的是前三殿,顺便提及东西两侧的文华、武英二殿,合称“前朝”;在这之后转入介绍“内延”即后三宫,东西六宫。

对“内延”的说明也有个重点。那就是养心殿和储秀宫。同是重点侧重面与对太和殿的说明又有所不同,不同在哪儿呢?请同学们思考,我们下节课讨论。除此之外,“内延”的其他建筑也采取了合写方法介绍。“前朝”是皇帝政务活动场所,以“龙”为主要图案,“内延”居住后妃。“凤”图案增加。文章点明了这个主要特征的变化。

(三)对照图,归纳板书。

四、学习课文第20段,总结全文。

教师:至此,我们游览观赏了故宫博物院中最重要的建筑物,对这座古代建筑群的“规模宏大,形体壮丽,建筑精美,布局统一”有了初步认识。这时,作者带着我们走出故宫,来到景山,居高临下,再一次回顾这座“城中之城”。

同学齐读第20段。

教师:“重重殿宇,层层楼阁,道道宫墙,错综相连,而井然有序。”既写出了站在高处俯视的景象,又呼应第二段未句对故宫总的特点的概括,形象的语言给读者贸留下清晰、深刻的印象。“令人不能不惊叹”抒发了作者对祖国文化和劳动人民的热爱,钦敬之情;也是我们读到这里所必然引发的激情。

布置作业。

1.将字词记入积累本,并进一步巩固。

2.整理课堂讨论记录,完成练习一。

3.预习课后练习二、四。

第二课时

教学重点

1.学习课文说明的重点:太和殿、养心殿的内容。进一步了解空间顺序和故宫特点。

2.总结课文写作特点。

教学过程

一、学习课文说明三大殿的部分(4-10段)。

教师:上一节课,我们整体游览了故宫博物院,由于文章采用了合理的空间顺序,所以我们对这座古代建筑群的特点──主要是规模宏大。布局统一,有了一定的了解。这节课,我们首先重点参观紫禁城的中心──三大殿,进一步体会故宫建筑群的特点,学习按空间说明的'顺序。

1.指名朗读第4段。提问:三大殿的名称是什么,总的特点是什么?

归纳:高大──台基七米多高、三层。

精美──汉白玉栏杆,刻着龙凤流云,一千多个圆雕鳌头。

未进殿堂,我们已清楚的感受到三大殿的“形体壮丽,建筑精美”。

2.提问:现在我们来到了太和殿前,假如你是一位导游,你应向客人们介绍什么,并按什么顺序说明呢?

归纳:作为建筑物,我们应介绍它的外观特征和内部结构;作为古迹文物,我们还应介绍它的历史作用。

现在就请一位同学带我们观赏一下太和殿的外观。指名朗读第5段,注意突出事物特征的词语要重读。

提问:这一段说明了太和殿的什么,请归纳。

归纳分析:介绍外观的高度,面积,格局和色彩。列出具体数字说明太和殿的高、大,格局的雄传壮丽。参照注释,同学们可了解大殿外部雕镂设计的华贵和精美。色彩以金黄和红色为主,金色表示富贵,红色象征荣华。上映湛蓝的天空,下衬白玉镶边的台基,的确是色彩鲜明,金碧辉煌。具体说明了“形体壮丽、建筑精美”。

3.现在,我们就要迈入这座雄伟大殿的门槛了,请同学们先阅读练习四,思考备答。

指名朗读第6段。提问练习四。教师逐一归纳:

①方位词有:正中、上面、背后、两旁、中央、周围、下面。②立足点:大殿正中的朱漆方台前。③按空间顺序:先以朱漆方台为立足点,由上向后再向两旁介绍下部布局,然后沿大柱导上,以中央藻井的雕金蟠龙为中心点向周围展开,介绍上部装饰。

先择立足点,按照合理顺序,准确使用方位词语是运用空间说明顺序的重要环节。

提问:太和殿内,最突出的特点是什么?

讲析:龙多。座,雕龙;屏,雕龙;大柱,蟠龙;藻井,蟠龙。金色的龙成了太和殿的主宰。

提问:文章怎样摹写梁枋间龙的图案的?

讲析:先总写“彩画绚丽”,然后分两组写龙的姿态。“双龙戏珠、单龙翔舞”,主谓短语,对称整齐;“行”、“升”、“降”,排比出不同姿态;很自然的归结为“多态多姿”。最后加上”龙身周围还衬托着流云火焰”一句,更烘托出龙的气势。短短一段,十二次写龙,摹写简洁生动,太和殿,简直成了龙的世界。

提问:为什么要这样多的摹写龙呢?

讲析:因为故宫建筑,尤其是“前朝”建筑,突出的就是龙。皇帝自命“真龙天子”,龙是皇帝的化身,皇权的象征,突出龙,也就是突出皇权的威严。因此,对故宫中心太和殿的说明也突出龙,这样,使建筑的特点得到明确。

4.阅读第6――10段。思考回答:

强调三大殿建筑在中轴线上,用意是什么?

讲析:突出皇权这个核心,皇帝的宝座就在这八公里中轴线的中心点。

第7段介绍的是什么?用意是什么?

讲析:描摹大典的历史画面,说明太和殿在政治上的重

篇16:故宫博物院

故宫博物院

故宫博物院

教学目的:

一、学习本文突出重点有详有略地说明事物的方法,体会课文按照空间顺序介绍建筑物的作用;

二、了解故宫各部分主要建筑的方位、特征、用途,理解故宫在建筑设计上处处反映封建帝王为中心的特点;

三、学习方位词。

教学重点:

介绍建筑群不可平均使用笔墨。要详略得当,详略的处理却须根据建筑的特点而定。

教学难点:掌握详略得当。

教学关键:同难点

教学方法:

运用已经学过的关于说明文的知识和本文的“预习提示”,理清本篇的结构层次和说明顺序,可结合让学生填写示意图方式进行。

教学时数:一节

教学内容和步骤:

一、预习,扫清文字障碍:

1.给下列加黑字注音:

金銮殿蟠龙鎏金

玉玺 纪嫔湛蓝

上谕 傀儡翊坤宫

修缮 击罄诏书

2.解释划线的字:

举世闻名(全) 溥天之下(同“普”)

率土之滨(沿着) 残破不堪(忍着、能支持)

祸国殃民(使…受害;使…遭殃)

3.阅读“学习重点”和“自读提示”,明确学习本课的重点。

二、速读,理清结构层次:

提问:故宫的整体布局分为几部分?每一部分的主要的建筑有哪些?

――学生根据课文第十一段的内容和所填示意图做口述。

分析课文结构层次及各部分的说明中心:

归纳:

第一部分(1):概括说明故宫称属、历史及现状。

第二部分(2―21):介绍故宫的历史、现状、规模及布局特色。

第三部分(22―24):介绍故宫的文物价值和兴衰历史。

三、导读、讨论重点问题:

1.全文说明的对象是什么?(故宫博物院)

2.课文重点介绍的对象是什么?

(前朝――太和殿;内廷――养心殿)

3.研读5―8段重点介绍太和殿的部分。

讨论:

(1)各段说明的重点是什么?

(2)每段主要抓住了什么特点来介绍的?划出表现这些特点的词语。

(3)这部分采用了什么说明顺序?

4.研读17―18段,重点介绍养心殿的.部分,讨论:

(1)这两段重点介绍了什么内容?

(2)采用了什么说明顺序?

(3)主要运用了什么说明方法?

――这两段重点介绍了养心殿的作用――封建帝王日常统治活动的中心。是按时间顺序进行说明的,采用了举例说明的方法。

四、.总结:

1.在众多的宫殿中,作者为什么要选择太和殿和养心殿作为重点来介绍?

――从全文看,重点说明前朝和内廷;就局部而言,重点介绍太和殿和养心殿。

2.在介绍建筑群中,重点介绍主要建筑,这样写有什么好处?

――在介绍建筑群时,分清主次,采用有详有略的写法,这样才能突出重点,把最有特色的地方写出来,给读者以深刻的印象。重点于详略的安排,却要根据建筑物的特征而定。

3.4、11段分别是对“三大殿”和“内廷”的分写。11段在全文中起着分界、过渡的作用。

4.明确本文采用的说明顺序:

本文是按照先总后分再总的顺序写的。分说以方位为序,由南到北,从外入内写去。这样,有利于说明建筑物的特征,使文章有条有理,结构严谨,给人的感受十分明晰。

布置作业:

课后练习四、五。

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篇17:故宫博物院作文

故宫博物院简称故宫,它是明清两代的皇家宫殿,建于明成祖朱棣时期,用了近三十万民工,建了十四年之久。故宫从建成距今已有六百多年的历史了。

故宫的规模很大,占地约七十二万平方米,现存大小宫殿七十多座,房屋八千多间。它拥有四座城门,南面的午门、北面的神武门,东面的东华门和西面的西华门,城墙外是宽五十米的护城河。

故宫整体分为外朝和内廷两大部分,以乾清门为界,外朝以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、后三宫为中心,此外还有重华宫、北五所等建筑。

故宫还收藏有大量的文化艺术珍品和古代宫廷历史文物,它共有文物一百八十六万三千四百零四件,几乎件件都是国宝级藏品。宫内的宝物细分为二百三十一类,主要以雕漆、竹、木、金银、古砚、笔墨工艺品等几大类为主。其中书画文物有八千余件,铜器上万件,陶瓷七十万件,玉器数十万件和众多的金银器。

在故宫皇极门的南侧,还有一座巧夺天工的九龙壁。它设计精巧,造型独特,壁上的九条龙更是麟光闪烁、栩栩如生,就连乾隆皇帝都甚是喜爱。传说工匠们在铸造九龙壁时,有个人还把壁上的一块琉璃瓦摔坏了。眼看工期已到,工头马德春只好“滥竽充数”,把南木雕刻成以假乱真的琉璃瓦,并涂上油漆,才骗过了皇帝的眼睛。

故宫庄严绚丽,它是古代劳动人民智慧的结晶,也是中华文明艺术传承的瑰宝,更是世界艺术的瑰宝。相比国外的大英博物馆和卢浮宫,我觉得我们的故宫更为壮丽。因为我们的文化都是一点一滴从古代传承下来的,它蕴藏着我们深厚的文化底蕴。我爱故宫,更爱中国的历史文化。

篇18:参观故宫博物院

参观故宫博物院_1200字

故宫,这座美丽的城中之城,以前曾经在课本上读到过。今天,我们亲身来到了这里,每往前去,都有美丽迷人的景色。故宫的建筑宏伟华丽,红墙黄瓦,镶金嵌银,加上过道走廊的白玉栏杆,十分华丽壮观。每前进一处,每一个院落,都展现出庄严豪华、神奇优美、五彩斑斓的景色。

故宫的每一处,都是十分华丽的;故宫的每一个角落,都是豪华的。

“午门”这建筑房屋,十分雄伟,威严。人在这里,仿佛感受到了当年皇家的磅礴气势。从这里进去,新的院落又把人引去了新的世界,我们漫步游走:或漫步宽阔的神圣的院坝,或迈步豪华的长廊。

在故宫,一路观赏皇家的文物。这些文物,陈列在一间间的屋子里,每一间屋的展品,都有自己的特色:有皇帝穿用过的衣服、皇冠,有皇帝使用过的马鞍、弓箭、宝剑,有皇帝用过的笔墨与书写的.日记等等。

在这一间间的陈列室里,你可以观赏到皇家使用过的日常生活用品,可以观赏到各地给皇家进贡的宝物与艺术珍品,可以观赏到皇帝自己的发明与创造。

我们跟随游客,进入一间一间的陈列室,观看古代的各种兵器,观赏各种不同类型工艺品,观赏皇帝用过的文物,观看皇家收藏的各种各样的宝物,这些物品,都是世间稀有的珍品。

我们随游览的人流,进入皇帝的住寝,观看了皇帝住过的屋子,观看了皇帝睡觉的床及床上的被子等等皇帝用物,在皇帝的寝室,皇帝住过的房间,皇帝睡过的床铺以及床上的被子蚊帐等等都原样摆设保留在那里,皇帝坐过的椅子,用过的桌子等等都完好无损的放在原处。

在故宫,你得一路前行,不然,很多的景物你就观赏不到。因为,故宫太宽太大了,要想看得仔细,没有几天的时间,是根本不行的。

由于我们时间短,只能走马观花似的浏览一下,有很多的地方,根本就没有走到,根本就没有观赏到那里的美丽景色。

面对耀眼的建筑与白玉栏杆,人就眼花缭乱。这些美丽的景色,会使人情不自禁的留影纪念。

我们还来到了皇帝的御花圆,在这里,我们欣赏了曾经是皇帝消遣过的风景,御花圆好大好宽,里面有亭子,有各种树木,有假山有石洞,这里风景秀丽优美,让人流连忘返。

在御花园里,我们以古树为背景,以铁制造古大鼎为背景,以假山为背景留影纪念,只要心情愉快,就留影一张。

在故宫,游览的人是那么的多,进进出出的,一群群一串串的。有的穿着相同服装,好象是一个团队;有的是自由格式,就象是一个家庭。每一次留影,都会有游览的人走进你的画面来。

在御花园里,也非常的热闹,就象赶集一样。人在园里走,象在仙家游。以前的皇帝真是会生活,他们把天下老百姓的钱财都拿来修建自己的乐园,让自己过着神仙一样的日子。怪不得这些皇帝,都没有能逃脱人民的反抗而灭亡的凄惨命运,历史上,有哪一个王朝不是被人民的推翻而灭亡的呢?

故宫博物院是一个了不起的地方,这里集中国的悠久历史文化之大成,建筑房屋,院落布局等等都高雅别致,宏伟豪华,雄伟壮观,这里展示了中华民族文明的辉煌,展示了中华民的族智慧与伟大。

游览故宫,让人感受当年皇家的气派,也让人沉思历史的沉重,人类文明的文化,其实质就是劳动人民的血与汗所铸就。

篇19:故宫博物院导游词

(故宫午门前)

女士们、先生们:

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央,正符合“紫微居中”的说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理

成章了。“禁”字的意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史的,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了的时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群,为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高

9。9米,号称10米的城墙,墙外一周是52米宽的护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观的角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面的正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是

山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于“推出午门斩首”的说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有的在午门廷杖,当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大的面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉,最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的 “尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正,前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,威严,凶悍,成了门前桥头的守卫者,象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子,门前的狮子自然最精美,最高大了。东边立的为雄狮,前爪下有一只幼狮,象征皇权永存,千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河,叫金水河,起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓,中轴线就是箭,这表明皇帝受命于天,代天帝治理国家。

(在太和门前)

故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”,以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿,左右对称,形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上,殿基高8米,分为三层,每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕,三台中有三层石雕“御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿,是故宫最高大的一座建筑物,也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为“内廷”,建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫,交泰殿、坤宁宫,是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所,东、西一所是皇子的住所。“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外,河上有白玉石桥,沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆,形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光下金碧辉煌,庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外,还用了各种手法,使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理,殿顶的形式,吻兽和垂脊兽的数目,彩绘图案的规制等等。这样,不仅使主要建筑更显得高大,壮观,而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半,说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间,地上的皇帝自称“天子”,不敢与其同数,所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间,所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间,面积虽小,仅能容纳一个楼梯,但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方,为了照顾布局上的美观,所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

(经过太和门之后)

女士们、先生们,前面的大殿叫太和殿,俗称金銮殿,是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米,重檐庑殿顶,是殿宇中最高等级,为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上,由汉白玉雕成,离地8余米,下层台阶21级,中,上层各9级。太和殿始建于公元14,经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏,现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物,原来是钉子,用来固定瓦片用的,后来换成了神话传说中的动物,据说可以辟邪,而且数量越多,表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个,9是阳之极数,依次为7、5、3、1,平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

爱新觉罗。溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至14明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此,先后有明朝地14位,清朝地10位,共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌地宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家,自然规模宏大,气势磅礴,时至今日这里不仅在中国,在世界上也是规模最大,保存最完整地古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术地优秀传统和独特风格,所以在建筑史上具有十分重要地地位,是建筑艺术地经典之作,1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城,究其由来,是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成地。中国古代天文学家将天上所有地星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中地三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣地中央,正符合“紫微居中”地说法。因此,古人认为紫外线微垣

是天帝之座,故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊,因此他们也要模仿天帝,在

自己宫殿地名字上冠其紫字,以表现其位居中央,环视天下地帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关,关令尹喜见有紫气从东来,知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来,喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象,那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。

“禁”字地意思就比较明显了,那就是皇宫禁地,戒备森严,万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字,在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步,大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严,神圣不可侵犯啊!紫禁城建在北京,是有其历史地,也因为这里是一块风水宝地,说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建,用了14年地时间才基本建成,到今天已有570多年地历史。大家看到了,故宫是一级红墙黄瓦地建筑群,为什么这样呢?据

道家阴阳五行学说认为,五行包括金,木,水,火,土,其中土占中央方位,因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上,所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋地感情,于是从唐朝起,黄色就成了代表皇家地色彩,其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。

而红色,则寓意着美满,吉祥和富贵,正由于这些原因,故宫建筑地基本色调便采用了红,黄两种颜色。故宫占地72万多平方米,有宫殿楼阁9900多间,建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9。9米,号称10米地城墙,墙外一周是52米宽地护城河,俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米,东西宽约760米,城上四角各有一座结构奇异,和谐美观地角楼,呈八角形,人称九梁十八柱,七十二条脊。城四周各设一门,南面地正门是午门,北门叫神武门,东门叫东华门,西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名地工匠23万,民夫100万人。所用地建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县,五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县地盘山,花岗石采自河北曲阳县。

宫殿内墁地地方砖,烧制在苏州,砌墙用砖是山东临清烧地。宫殿墙壁上所用地红色,原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)地烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广,江西,山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。我们这里眼前地建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城地正门,俗称五凤楼。明代,每年正月十五,午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一,都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式,清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”地名字,故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。清代,皇帝举行朝会或大祀,以及元旦,冬至,万寿,大婚等重大节 日,都要在这里陈设卤簿,仪仗。此外,国家凡有征战凯旋时,皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼,如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于“推出午门斩首”地说法,可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来地。

实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪,有地在午门廷杖,当然严重地可能也有被当场打死地。(进午门后金水桥前)现在我们这里已经到了故宫里面,在正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫地布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米,在这样大地面积上,集各种建筑手法,建造一组规模如此宏大地建筑群,不但没有纷杂现象,反而给人以结构严谨,色彩辉煌和布局规整地感觉,最主要地手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显地中轴红,这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体,北从钟楼,南至永定门,总长度约8公里,皇家禁区苑内地部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上,其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿地设计和布局都表现了封建君主地“尊严”和对封建等级制度地森严。

女士们、先生们:

北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,又称为紫禁城(历代宫殿都象象天立宫,以表示君权受命于天)。由于君为天子,天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的紫宫禁地,故名紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1406年),永乐十八年(1420年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑面积15万多平方米,有房屋9999间,是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威,故

宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线,在这条中轴线上,按照前朝后寝的古制,布置着帝王发施令,象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北),左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿—宁春宫,和以太妃居住的宫殿—慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要,这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙,四周有角楼,外有护城河。

故宫御花园,原名宫后苑,今俗称御花园,占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅,左右对称的格局,布局紧凑,古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山,为太湖石叠砌而成,上筑御景亭,每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织,评定为世界文化遗产,是建筑艺术的经典之作。朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

(在旅游车上)

各位游客,大家好,现在我们的汽车正行驶在去北京故宫的途中。我是这次旅游的导游张灵昕。我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。希望我能带给大家最好的服务。首先我将故宫给大家做一简要介绍。故宫位于北京市城区中心,旧称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿和古建筑群。至今已有近580年的历史。先后曾有24位皇帝相继在故宫登基,执掌朝政。故宫规模宏大,东西宽为753米,南北长达961米,总占地面积达72万平方米。有大约10000间宫室。

(到了故宫景点)

各位游客,现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙,而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门,南为午门也就是故宫正门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门,这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米,殿内净空高达14米,宽63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木构大殿。我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿,是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处,由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇

帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整,气魄宏伟,极为壮观,这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局,立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐,都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统,显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

各位先生、女士们,大家好!我姓关名羽潇,是红星闪闪旅行社的一位导游。首先预祝大家旅途愉快!好,现在大家看我身后的那扇朱红的大门就是故宫的正门了。故宫处在北京市城区中心是明清两代的皇宫,也是当今世界现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿,好了现在已经到了停车场,先介绍到这儿请大家下车吧!各位请看!这便是故宫的正大门——午门。它建成于1420年,它的名字是用来斩头的吗?其实它还有一个作用就是在士兵出征之前,军官们也就是现在的领导在这儿诸如鼓舞士气并下达命令之类的。好!那我们就到故宫里面吧。

各位朋友,在我们眼前的就是闻名中外的三大殿:太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。先来看看太和殿,它高有33米,从东至西长有64米,从南至北宽有33米,面积为2377平方米。太和殿是在皇帝上早朝和举行盛大典礼的地方,它的规模为紫禁城内大殿第一,正背上的吻兽

的体积也是我国目前最大的。总而言之,处处显示它的第一的思想体现。看完了太和殿让我们一起去中和殿。中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面请朋友们自由参观一下当时的国宴厅——保和殿。十分钟后我带领大家游览最后一个景点:交泰殿。大家休息够了吗?现在我们就去交泰殿,殿里有康熙皇帝的御笔,在北京只有两幅康熙帝的真迹,另一幅就在大贪官和珅的家——恭王府。请看,眼前这一座四角攒尖的建筑物就是交泰殿,我们走进去看一看吧,您们看到后墙扁额上有无为二字了吗?那就是康熙御笔,无为的意思并不是没有作为,而是希望后代能够以德治国,施以仁政,以图国家长治久安。好了,亲爱的游客朋友们,本次北京故宫之旅就圆满结束了。我希望各位若干年之后还能来找我,我一定为大家再次讲解,朋友再见。我微笑地向游客们告别。

篇20:故宫博物院导游词

亲爱的朋友们:

今天我们要去参观一个独特的旅游景点,它位于北京市中心,有成千上万的房子,高耸的亭台楼阁,红色的墙壁和黄色的瓷砖,金碧辉煌,被称为金色的宫殿海。你一定猜到了,这就是故宫,它在国内外都很有名。

故宫是明清两代的皇宫,明清两代的24位皇帝在此登基坐殿,统治中国500多年。紫禁城,镶嵌在北京市中心的一颗明珠,是整个城市最美丽的景观。故宫西北面有湖景、塔景的北海公园;西边是波光粼粼的南海;王府井,东方著名商业街;北面的景山是故宫的屏障。站在景山的万春亭上,可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。紫禁城的南面是天安门广场,它是新中国的象征。第一面五星红旗在冉冉升起。

故宫是世界著名的旅游景观,被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。它闪耀着东方文明的光辉。

故宫南北长960米,东西宽750米,占地2万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,9000多间房屋。很多人都听说过故宫有9999个半房间的传说。这是因为根据易经,九为阳极数,九为尊。故宫是皇帝的居所,自然要完。紫禁城周围有一堵10米高的墙。城中有四门,正门南,神武门北,东华门东,西华门西。四角有一座精致别致的角楼,名为“九梁十八柱七十二岭”。城外有一条长3800米,宽52米的护城河,使紫禁城成为一个自卫体系,有城内一城的美称。它的护城河的长度被列为世界上最高的。

紫禁城自明朝以来一直是统治中心,但它的创建者不是明朝的开国皇帝朱元璋,而是他的第四个儿子明朝的创建者朱迪。紫禁城建在北京南部永定门到鼓楼的中轴线上,长16英里。主要是从南向北,左右对称。它遵循了周立考公基“前朝,后室,左室右舍”的建造原则。紫禁城的建筑技术突出了皇权。

其基本方法是突出前三殿和后三宫的中轴线,其他建筑以此为中心拱。紫禁城的修建可以说是全国各地人力物力的汇集,木材砖块取自全国各地,极其昂贵。宫中的砖被称为“金砖”,制作工艺极其复杂。从取土到成泥需要6道工序,成砖需要17道工序。最后,砖块应该用桐油浸泡。这种砖铺在地上越来越亮。因为复杂,价格高,当时一砖结合一石米。在,它被称为“金砖四国”。可以说故宫的每一座宫殿都浸透了人民的血汗。它体现了中国古代建筑艺术的优良传统和独特风格,充分体现了我们劳动人民的高度智慧和创造能力。紫禁城是中国最完整、最辉煌的皇家建筑群,现在已经成为著名的旅游景点。

现在,这座红墙黄瓦、气宇轩昂的建筑,就是故宫的正门——武门门。它在平面上呈“凹”形,上面有五座重楼建筑。主楼为9开间的正殿,东西为四角双檐的四个金字塔形屋顶方形亭阁,各由一条走廊连接,辅翼为主楼。整个建筑的气势充分体现了皇帝的威严。武门门内所有的建筑,高低错落,左右相映,犹如展翅高飞的飞鸟,所以常被称为武风楼。主楼有王座,左右各有一座钟鼓楼。过去皇帝在太和殿举行大典,钟鼓齐鸣,庄严肃穆。

提到午门,我们常常会想到“发动午门,斩首示众”这句话。其实午门之前没人被杀。因为明朝是在西施(今西四)执行的,清朝是在菜市口,但是人是在这里被杀的。明代有一种刑院打人,是在午门下举行的。大臣得罪皇帝,就要被批评为“逆鳞”。用被子批“逆鳞”的大臣打掉了他们的黑帽子,穿上囚衣推出午门,行刑地点就在这条御道的东侧。一开始只是象征性的打架,主要是因为部长的羞辱,后来他把人打死了。郑德十四年,正德皇帝朱厚照去江南参加选美,大臣们反对。荒淫的郑德皇帝不仅不听,还状告淑芬、黄恭等130位大臣,杀死11人。听起来真的很残酷,但是今天早上是一个不同的场景,传统节日元宵节就要到了,官员们欢欣鼓舞。

进入武门门后,就可以在宫中开始游览了。你面前的河叫金水河,上面的五座汉白玉桥叫内金水桥。五座桥各有各的用处:中间的一座叫尤鲁桥,供皇帝去,宗室亲王去;外面是军民部长行走的立交桥。金水河从这里流过,除了美观还有防火功能。一方面,故宫多为木质建筑,一旦发生火灾,可以用河水扑救;另一方面与我国五行学说有关,因为南方属于火,所以以水来判断。这样的例子还有很多,在讲解中随时会介绍给大家。可见故宫不仅是建筑艺术的杰作,也是中国传统文化的杰作。前门叫太和门。你能猜出它前面青铜狮子的雌雄吗?你猜得不错,东方的狮子,踩着前脚的绣球花,象征着力量,象征着全世界的团结;西边是一头母狮,前脚轻抚着一只小狮子,象征着后代的繁荣。站在门边的图是故宫的平面图。如你所见,故宫由两部分组成:前朝和故宫。前朝有三个大殿,皇帝颁布法令,举行仪式。三座宫殿的'后面是皇宫,包括干青宫、交泰宫、坤宁宫、皇家园林和东西六宫等。这里是皇帝处理政务、享乐生活的地方。

目前,故宫的展示系统分为宫殿历史文物展示、东六宫、外东路和三殿两厅,用于古代文化艺术展示。这座艺术宝库中有近百万件珍贵文物,占中国700家博物馆总收藏量的六分之一,使其成为国内外闻名的最大博物馆。在这里,中华文化艺术50的光辉灿烂。今天,故宫的禁地已经成为人们参观的旅游胜地。

篇21:故宫博物院导游词

女士们先生们:

紫禁城,建于北京,有其历史,又因为是风水宝地,所以历史悠久。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(14),历时基本建成。至今已有570多年的历史。如你所见,故宫是一座红墙黄瓦的一流建筑群。为什么?根据道家阴阳五行学说,五行包括金、木、水、火、土,其中土居于中心地位。因为中华民族世世代代生活在黄土高原,所以对黄色产生了一种敬佩和依恋的感觉。自唐代以来,黄色成为代表皇室的颜色,其他人不允许在服装和建筑中使用。而红色则象征着幸福、吉祥和财富。由于这些原因,故宫的基本颜色是红色和黄色。

我们前面的建筑叫做午门。武门门是紫禁城的正门,俗称五峰楼。明朝每年正月十五,在午门挂灯给官员送饭。到了清朝,这种活动取消了。每年农历十月初一,这里都会举行颁布下一年历法的仪式。清代乾隆年间,因避开乾隆皇帝的“李鸿”之名,“授历”改名为“授朔”。清朝时,皇帝举行会议或大祭祀,以及重大节日如元旦、冬至、生日和婚礼,都要用卤书和仪式来装饰。此外,当国家在战斗中取得胜利时,皇帝接受午门祭俘仪式,如果皇帝亲征,也从午门出发。

“发射午门斩首”的说法,可能是因为敷衍的戏台和野史的小说。事实上,这是阿明王朝朝廷命官的罪行,他们中的一些人在武门当庭。当然也有当场死亡的。

(入武门后,金水桥前)

现在我们已经到达故宫了。正式游览之前,我先介绍一下故宫的布局和游览路线。故宫占地72万多平方米。在这么大的区域内,结合各种建筑手法,建造出一组规模这么大的建筑。反而给人一种结构严谨、色彩鲜艳、布局规整的感觉。最重要的手段就是在施工中突出一个极其明显的中轴线红色。这条中轴线与整个北京城有机融合,从北面的钟楼到南面的永定门全长约8公里。皇家禁区部分约8公里。宫殿中的重要建筑都位于这个中轴线上,而其他建筑则是从东到西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局显示了封建君主的“尊严”和严格的封建等级制度。

紫禁城面对皇宫。现在我们在最南端,面朝外,前面就是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子,雄伟凶猛,成为门前桥梁的守护者,象征着权力和尊严。皇帝是天子,他面前的狮子自然是最美最高的。东边立着一头狮子,前爪下立着一只幼崽,象征着皇权永存千代。我们面前的这条河叫金水河,是用来装修防水的。河上的五座桥象征着孔子倡导的五种美德:仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河看起来像弓,中轴线是箭,说明皇帝是上天的命令,代表天帝治国。

篇22:故宫博物院导游词

亲爱的游客:

大家好!我是X,xx旅行社的著名导游。可以叫我刷导。今天,我们要参观的文化遗产是北京的故宫风景区。

请听我说。北京故宫,原名紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫。它是当今世界上最大、最宏伟、保存最完好的古代宫殿和建筑群。曾有二十四位皇帝在此登基,掌管朝政。请认真享受。我们将聚集在太和殿。

接下来我要介绍一下这个非常有名的太和殿,俗称金殿。它是紫禁城里最大的宫殿建筑,明清两代皇帝在这里召见文武官员发号施令,举行庆典。

此外,我们应该注意不要乱丢垃圾和乱涂乱画,而且在参观时也要注意安全...最后祝你一路顺风,11点在同一个地方集合。

篇23:故宫博物院导游词

亲爱的孩子们:

你们去过北京的故宫博物院吗?哈哈,我给你介绍一下:

相传北京故宫有9999.5套房子。一个人从出生开始每天都住在一个房子里。就这样,没有重复,他只能走出来,直到27岁。

更奇怪的是,故宫的院子里没有一棵大树。你知道为什么吗?原来皇帝怕刺客躲在树上,借此机会伤害皇帝或他的士兵,所以宫里不会有树。

宫殿里所有的房子都是木制的。每家门前都有一个大缸。房子着火了就派上用场了!

孩子们,听了我的介绍,你们真的要去吗?

篇24:《故宫博物院》读后感

今天我们学的课文是黄传惕的《故宫博物院》,读完了这篇课文后,我体会到了古代劳动人民的的智慧。

可以突出古代劳动人民的智慧的,我认为在以下几点:一、这是明清古两代的皇宫,是我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群,有近6的历史了,;二、故宫建筑群规模宏大,建筑精美,布局统一,集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的独特风格;三、这条线也是北京城的中轴线,向南从午门到天安门延伸到正阳门,永定门,往北从神武门到地安门、鼓楼、钟楼全长约八公里;四、亭台楼阁,池馆水榭,掩映在青松翠柏之中,假山怪石、花坛盆景、藤萝翠竹,点缀其间。

读完这篇课文,我深深体会到了当时中国古代人民的智慧,可是智慧不能只用在建筑上,而是应该多用在科技上,军事上。建筑好有一定的作用,但是,一个国家如果科技和军事好,力量强大,那就没有几个国家敢侵略攻占你。

不得不承认我们中国古代当时的建筑,可以说是数一数二的,看故宫平面示意图,对称平衡,当时可以做到这样的建筑,真叫一个鬼斧神工呀。

改朝换代,从明到清,从清到中华人民共和国,故宫已经有了600多年的历史,正是因为古代劳动人民的智慧。

篇25:《故宫博物院》教案

黄传惕

总:位置、历史意义、建筑地位、总体布局、艺术风格

分:前朝(前三殿、文华殿、武英殿)

内廷(后三宫、御花园)

总:强调其艺术价值

MSN(中国大学网)

篇26:故宫博物院读后感

故宫,是我们耳熟能详的文化古迹,我们有没有亲身体会到故宫的人文魅力呢?我没有亲身游览过故宫,这是很遗憾的。但我读了黄传惕的《故宫博物院》,弥补了这个遗憾。

黄传惕用平实的语言,描绘了故宫的宏伟,犹如身临其境。

作品首先介绍了故宫的故宫的位置、历史、在古建筑中的地位、总体布局和艺术风格。

其次介绍了故宫的特点,以保和殿后面的小广场为界把故宫分为前朝和内廷两部分分别加以说明。前朝主要介绍“前三殿”,先介绍殿前建筑。以一游览者的眼光介绍了从前向后的游览故宫所看到的一切。,以总分的说明顺序依次介绍了太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。接着介绍了后三宫:乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫,分别介绍了它们的作用。接着总结介绍后三宫的.彩画图案。游览完观全景,从景山离开这次故宫的旅行。

全文条理清晰,内容简练,语言真实准确而又不失生动。以一个游览者的身份带领我们走完故宫,让没有去过故宫的人也可以领略到故宫的建筑奇特和文化底蕴。

篇27:《故宫博物院》教案

《故宫博物院》教案

仙源学校黄丽

一、激情导入:

今天,我想对大家说说我讨厌的一个人,他叫黄传惕,虽说与我一个姓,毕业于北大,还是中央人民广播电台高级编辑,可是就因为他写了一篇说明文《故宫博物院》,读初中时我就挺烦这篇文章,写写小说不好吗?直到去年夏天,我和妹妹北京一游去了故宫,利用所学知识做了一回导游,妹妹瞠目结舌地问我:“姐,你来过一次吗?我怎么不知道”。着实骄傲了一把,至此,再教这篇文章,心里满是激情,也明白了学知识不光要注重他的趣味性,还要注意他的实用性。好了,希望老师的话能减轻你们对说明文的畏惧感和枯燥感,他日也许我们也会有幸游览,到时所学就会派上用场哦,让我们今天免费纸上一游。

板书:故宫博物院黄传惕

二、有效预习,整体感知

1.收集有关“故宫博物院”的资料。

2.快速大声读课文一遍,标自然段,圈划生字词,利用工具书与资料书独立解决。

3.小组内讨论完成:⑴本文属于哪一类说明文?

⑵本文说明对象是什么?

⑶本文采用什么说明顺序?

⑷按照说明顺序完成课后习题一。(请你来当小导游)

三、检测预习情况

1.点生回答收集到有关“故宫”的资料

2.扫除障碍,听写生字词

磬攒鳌头蟠龙湛蓝中轴线

玲珑:横贯:

奇巧:矗立:

3.反馈讨论情况,明确:⑴事物说明文

⑵故宫

⑶由南到北的空间顺序

⑷点生当小导游试述故宫博物院游览路线(见小黑板)

四、理清思路结构

过渡语:本文是一篇介绍故宫这一事物的说明文,那么经过同学们的认真预习,我们通过填写路线图,基本上也就看出了作者写文的思路结构,作者的'主题部分专门介绍故宫博物院的建筑群,在文中第3-15自然段。

板书:前朝(前三殿、武英殿、文华殿)

内廷(后三宫、御花园)

除此之外,文章开头写的是什么呢?

板书:位置、历史意义、总体布局、建筑特点

文末呢?

板书:强调其艺术价值

五、局部探究

过渡语:为了更清楚地说明事物,作者必定会抓住这一事物的特征,才能让读者了解这一事物。那么本文,抓住了故宫博物院这一庞大建筑群什么特点呢?迅速在文中找。

板书:规模宏大、建筑精美、和谐统一

1.为了突出这一特点,作者详写了哪一建筑物。在文中哪几自然段?

明确:太和殿,5-8自然段

2.带着问题大声朗读5-8自然段,思考这一部分按什么顺序说明的?

明确:地点的转换,移步换景,由外到内的空间顺序

3.作者介绍了太和殿哪些方面的情况?

明确:对太和殿,先写使三大殿成为统一整体的台基,然后是太和殿外观,内部装饰,最后从它的位置和功用上说明它的设计方面的象征意义--显示皇权的威严。

4.太和殿外观是什么样子?找出来读一读,其特点是什么?它的内部装饰有什么特点?

明确:外观,雄伟壮丽,色彩鲜明。内部装饰:庄严华丽。

5在三大殿中为什么要把太和殿作为解说的重点?

明确:因为太和殿是故宫最大的殿堂,是皇帝举行重大典礼、行使统治权力的场所,因此它的地位非常重要,另外它在整个建筑群中最具有代表性,所以把它作为解说的重点。

6.本文为了说明故宫建筑群规模宏大,建筑精美,布局统一,重点以太和殿为例介绍其特点,那为了抓住特点,说明文一般会用到说明方法来突出其特点,找一找文中运用说明方法的句子。说说其作用。

明确:例如:5自然段,太和殿高28米,面积2380多平方米,是故宫最大的殿堂。(列数字)

作用:为了说明太和殿是故宫最大的殿堂,强调其规模之大。

7.说明文的语言具有什么特点?(准确严密)从文中找一个句子来说一说?

明确:例如:6自然段第一句,大殿正中是一个约两米高的朱漆方台。

“约”,表推测,删掉后不符合事实,也不准确严密。

六、教师小结

每一种文体都有它的学习方法,只要找到了学习的“金钥匙”,就能快速打开知识大门。今天我们掌握了说明文的学习方法,今后就一定可以学到更多的知识。

板书

篇28:故宫博物院解说词

亲爱的朋友们:我叫陈爱嘉,大家叫我小爱就行了,今天有幸陪同大家一道参观,我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆,简称为故宫,就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心,是明清两代的皇宫,又称为“紫禁城”(历代宫殿都象“象天立宫”,以表示君权“受命于天”)。由于君为天子,天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地,故名“紫禁城”。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1406年),永乐十八年(1420年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大,西宽750米,南北长960米,占地72万平方米,建筑面积15万多平方米,有房屋9999间,是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威,故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线,在这条中轴线上,按照“前朝后寝”的古制,布置着帝王发施令,象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北),左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿—宁 ,和以太妃居住的宫殿—慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要,这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙,四周有角楼,外有护城河。

故宫御花园,原名宫后苑,今俗称御花园,占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅,左右对称的格局,布局紧凑,古典富丽,

殿东北的堆秀山,为太湖石叠砌而成,上筑御景亭,每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织,评定为“世界文化遗产”,是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

北京高考零分作文

北京高考作文题目

北京中考零分作文:北京的符号

北京卷高考作文题目及

高考(北京卷)作文题目

北京中考语文作文题目及解析

北京故宫600字作文

游北京天安门作文200字

四年级作文:故宫之旅

高考材料作文:北京的老规矩

北京故宫博物院作文
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