广东高中必修2册教案Unit 3 Computer(（推荐17篇））由网友“不在场”投稿提供，以下是小编帮大家整理后的广东高中必修2册教案Unit 3 Computer，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：广东高中必修2册教案Unit 3 Computer
Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading
(WHO AM I?)
Aims
To talk about computer
To read about computer
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by talking about computer
Look at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Yes, they are computers. Then what is a computer?
A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can be used for voice mail.
计算机室
A computer frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computer’s operating system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world.
曙光3000巨型计算机
A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship.
In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and soil.
Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become waste as quickly.
Computer jargon 计算机行话
Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords).
Examples of jargon:
Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”.
Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble
CPU –Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor
Data - Information stored on a computer
Disk - A place to store data.
Email - Electronic mail.
GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick.
Load - Get data from a disk
Nibble - Half a Byte
Save - Put data on a disk
RAM – random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better.
USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）
WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet
II. Pre-reading
1. Questioning and answering What do you know about computer?
●Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers.
●A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task.
●A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output.
●a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices.
●Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.
●a machine for performing calculations automatically
calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)
●A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give
2. Discussing and sharing How have computers changed our lives?
Someday soon, if you haven’t already, you’re likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. They’re a much more useful and humane tool than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will be everywhere----changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile.
Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.
III. Reading
1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I?
Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader.
2. Reading aloud and underlining expressions
Now we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from WHO AM I?
begin as…, a calculating machine, be built as…, follow instructions from…, sound simple, at the time, a technological revolution, write a book, make…work, solve problems, become huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to…, the size of…, go by, change size, become small and thin, get quick, stand there by oneself, be connected by…, share information by…, talk to…, bring…into…, deal with…, communicate with…, serve the human race
3. Reading, identifying and settling
Attention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help.
Chat （online）（在线）聊天
To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger.
4. Reading and transferring
Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer.
In 1642
In 1822
In 1936
In 1960s
In 1970s
IV. Closing down by doing comprehending exercises
Turn to page 18 and in pairs do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and 2.
Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Present Perfect Passive Voice)
Aims
To learn to useThe Present Perfect Passive Voice
To discover useful words and expression
To discover useful structures
Procedures
I. Warming up by reading to the tape
To begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader.
II. Discovering useful words and expressions
In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes.
III. Learning about grammar
1. Passive Voice-Overview
Tense or Model Passive Sentence
Simple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months.
Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month.
Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15.
Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year.
Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950.
Past perfect The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred.
Simple Modal The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student.
Past Modal The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges.
2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice
The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has ＋ been＋~ed
IV. Reading aloud and discovering
Now go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice.
As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.
Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around the world by the Internet.
V. Discovering useful structure
We shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20.
VI. Closing down by doing a quiz
Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences
Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.)
1. 3000 employees were laying off.
2. A story will made up.
3. An idea was putted forward for discussion.
4. Has the book been give back to you yet?
5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time.
6. Nothing can be hold against me.
7. Our allies will be lend support.
8. She has never heard of.
9. She was being knocked down by a bus.
10. She was letted off with a fine.
11. The candle was blow out by the draught.
12. The criminal were locked up.
13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers.
14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money.
15. The keys must have been being left behind.
16. The old cinema is being pull down.
17. The protesters being held back by the police.
18. The road was blocking off.
19. Thirty more people were laid off last week.
20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there.
Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language
(ANDY- THE ANDROID)
Aims
To discuss about IT
To write a report about IT
To read about androids or robots
Procedures
I. Warming up by talking about IT
What is Information technology?
Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.
II. Listening and writing
Turn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind.
III. Speaking and writing
Suppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.
IV. Reading, underlining and speaking
It is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy-The Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have!
Expressions from Andy-The Android
part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as…as…, in fat, look like…, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to…, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve one’s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program…with…, make up…, after all, with the help of…
V. Writing a letter
Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.
Android
An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- ‘man, human’ and the suffix -eides used to mean ‘of the species, kind, alike’ (from eidos ‘species’).
The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used.
Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations:
a robot that closely resembles a human
a cyborg that closely resembles a human
an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human
Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence).
The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrow’s Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.”
Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源)
Section 1: A text structure analysis of WHO AM I?
I. Type of writing and summary of WHO AM I?
Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing.
Main idea of the passage Beginning as just a calculating machine in 1642 in France, the computer has been experiencing improvement again and over again over 300years or more, which has not only made it more beautiful and intelligent but also changed man’s life a great deal!
Topic sentence of 1st paragraph I began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France.
Topic sentence of 2nd paragraph No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s.
II. A chain of events showing the development of computer
a calculating machine in 1642 in France → an Analytical Machine in 1822 → a “universal machine.” in 1936 → the size of a large room → made smaller and smaller → getting new transistors in 1960s→ clever and quicker → a network in the early 1960s → talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s → brought into people’s homes in 1970s → Internet
III. A retold version of the text WHO AM I?
I, the computer, was a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Then I was built as an Analytical Machine in 1822, which was a technological revolution. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem. I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room before I was made smaller and smaller.
Getting new transistors in 1960s I became clever and quicker. I was connected with other computers and turned out to part of a network in the early 1960s. Then I began talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s. In 1970s I was brought into people’s homes, and came the Internet.
Section 2: Background information computers
I. How Do Computers Work?
Computer Basics
To accomplish a task using a computer, you need a combination of hardware, software, and input.
Hardware consists of devices, like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computer there are more bits of hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations.
Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities. There is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also application software, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or do math problems.
You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.
How They Work Together
First, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole process is called booting up.
The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Let’s use the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you’ve saved already. In either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for.
If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you have provided input to tell the computer what to do. The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your computer over the cable to the printer, where it is printed out.
II. Television
Old portable television
A television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing).
Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit on shelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went. The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a whole wall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs.
A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to computers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”.
III. Web or World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages.
It is not used to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, or no computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require a communication with other computers.
IV. Radio
Radio is a communications invention. Though originally used to communicate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs.
V. DVD
DVD most commonly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play video that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape.
VI. Two kinds of DVD
They can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries.
VII. Email
Email (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email is quicker than snail mail(mail) when sending over long distances and is usually free. To send or receive an email, a computer with a modem and telephone line connected to the Internet, and an email program are required. Email addresses are generally formated like this: login@server.(com or fr or org or uk or other).
Some companies let you send and receive email for free from a website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! do this.
VIII. Human
Here are two humans.
A man is on the left and a woman is on the right. A human or human being is a person, like you. A male human is a man, a female human is a woman. If you think about all humans in the whole world, they are called humanity. In the past, people have also used man and mankind to mean all humans.
Humans are called Homo sapiens by scientists. Humans are an animal species that belongs to the group called primates. Monkeys are primates too, but the primates most like people are gorillas and chimpanzees. Most scientists think that chimpanzees and humans came from a common ancestor by what is called evolution. Other animals even more like humans than chimpanzees once lived too, but they are now extinct.
Human rights are those things that everyone deserves and the way they should be treated by other people.
Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit 3 Computers
common
n. 1. an area of grassland with no fences which all people are free to use or a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area (常用于专有名词中): Every Saturday Jean went riding on the village common. Harlow Common is very beautiful in winter.哈洛公园在冬天时风景很美。2. in common: in shared possession 3. out of common: unusual adj. 1. of or associated with the great masses of people: The common people in those days suffered greatly. 2. to be expected; standard: common decency. 3. common to or shared by two or more parties: common friend. 4. of no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual: the common man. 5. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public: for the common good. 6. commonly encountered: a common (or familiar) complaint. 7. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language: common parlance. 8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste: behavior that branded him as common. 9. of low or inferior quality or value: produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population.
simple
n. 1. any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties 2. a person lacking intelligence or common sense adj. 1. not elaborate in style; unornamented: a simple country schoolhouse. 2. (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions 3. having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved: a simple problem. 4. easy and not involved or complicated: a simple game.) 5. lacking mental capacity and devoid of subtlety 6. exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity: simple courtesy.
technology
n. 1. the practical application of science to commerce or industry 2. the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems
universal
n. coupling that connects two rotating shafts allowing freedom of movement in all directions: In motor vehicles a universal joint allows the drive shaft to move up and down as the vehicle passes over bumps.) adj. of worldwide scope or applicability: universal experience.
mathematical
adj. 1. statistically possible though highly improbable: have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs. 2. beyond question: a mathematical certainty. 3. of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics: a mathematical textbook. 4. characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics: mathematical precision. 5. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers: a mathematical whiz.
artificial
adj. 1. contrived by art rather than nature: artificial flowers. 2. not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes 3. artificially formal: Her husband hated the artificial humility .
disagree
v. 1. be different from one another 2. be of different opinions: She disagrees with her husband on many questions.
disadvantage
n. the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position v. put at a disadvantage; hinder, harm: This rule clearly disadvantages me.
choice
n. 1. the act of choosing or selecting: Your choice of colors was unfortunate.) 2. one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen: My only choice is to refuse.
adj. 1. of superior grade: choice wines. 2. appealing to refined taste: choice wine.
material
n. 1. things needed for doing or making something: writing materials. 2. information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form: The archives provided rich material for a definitive biography.) 3. a person judged suitable for admission or employment: He was university material. 4. the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object: Coal is a hard black material. 5. artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers: She measured off enough material for a dress.
adj. 1. directly relevant to a matter especially a law case: His support made a material difference. 2. concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being: material needs. 3. concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests: material possessions. 4. derived from or composed of matter: The material universe. 5. having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
mate
n. 1. the partner of an animal (especially a sexual partner): He loved the mare and all her mates. 2. a fellow member of a team: It was his first start against his former teammates.
create
v. 1. invest with a new title, office, or rank: Create one a peer. 2. create by artistic means: Create a poem. 3. bring into existence: The company was created 25 years ago. 4. make or cause to be or to become: create a furor.
move
n. 1. the act of deciding to do something: He didn’t make a move to help. 2. the act of changing your residence or place of business: They say that three moves equal one fire. 3. the act of changing location from one place to another: The movement of people from the farms to the cities. 4. a change of position that does not entail a change of location: Movement is a sign of life. v. 1. dispose of by selling: The chairman of the company told the salesmen to move the computers. 2. live one’s life in a specified environment: She moves in certain circles only. 3. go or proceed from one point to another: The debate moved from family values to the economy. 4. arouse sympathy or compassion in: Her fate moved us all. 5. move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion: He moved his hand slightly to the right. 6. cause to move, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense: Move those boxes into the corner, please. 7. change residence, affiliation, or place of employment: We moved from Idaho to Nebraska. 8. perform an action, or work out or perform (an action): We must move quickly. 9. change location; move, travel, or proceed: The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell. 10. give an incentive for action: This moved me to sacrifice my career.
brain
n. 1. part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord 2. mental ability: He’s got plenty of brains but no common sense.
spoil
n. 1. the act of stripping and taking by force 2. the act of spoiling something by causing damage to it: Her spoiling my dress was deliberate.3. (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war): To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy. v. 1. become unfit for consumption or use: The meat must be eaten before it spoils. 2. have a strong desire or urge to do something: He is spoiling for a fight.
mop
n. cleaning implement consisting of absorbent material fastened to a handle; for cleaning floors v. 1. make a sad face and thrust out one’s lower lip: Mop and mow.) 2. to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop: Mop the hallway now.
wander
v. 1. go via an indirect route or at no set pace: After dinner, we wandered into town. 2. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment: The wandering Jew. 3. lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking: Her mind wanders. 4. be sexually unfaithful to one’s partner in marriage: Might her husband be wandering? 5. to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course: Sometimes, the gout wanders through the entire body.
篇2：广东高中必修2册教案Unit 4 Wildlife protection
Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading
(HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE)
Aims
To talk about endangered species
To read about wildlife protection
Procedures
I. Warming up by learning about animals
Look at the photos below and listen to me telling you about the animals, the endangered animals.
The Giant Panda is a mammal now usually classified in the bear family, Ursidae, that is native to central China.
The Giant Panda lives in mountainous regions, like Sichuan and Tibet. The Giant Panda is the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a conservation organization. Toward the latter half of the 20th century, the panda also became somewhat of a national emblem for China, and is now used in Chinese gold coins.
Giant Pandas are an endangered species, threatened by continued loss of habitat and by a very low birthrate, both in the wild and in captivity. About 1,600 are believed to survive in the wild.
Milu deer is a Chinese deer. It has a long tail, wide hooves, and branched antlers. Another Chinese name for it is “four unlikes,.” because the animals were seen as having the horns of a stag, the neck of a camel, the foot of a cow, and the tail of an ass.
These animals were first made known to Western science in the 19th century, by Father Arm and David, a French missionary working in China. At the time, the only surviving herd was in a preserve belonging to the Chinese emperor. The last herd of Milu deers that remained in China were eaten by Western and Japanese troops that were present at the time of the Boxer Rebellion.
These deer are now found in zoos around the world, and a herd of Milu deer was reintroduced to Dafeng Reserve, China in the late 1980s. They are classified as “critically endangered.” in the wild, but do not appear to have suffered from a genetic bottleneck because of small population size.
A tiger is a large cat famous for its beautiful fur of orange striped with black. Tigers live in Asia and are becoming very rare. This is due to people hunting them for their fur and destroying the forests they live in.
II. Pre-reading
1． Defining wildlife
What does the world wildlife mean?
The term wildlife refers to living organisms that are not in any way artificial or domesticated and which exist in natural habitats. Wildlife can refer to flora (plants) but more commonly refers to fauna (animals). Needless to say, wildlife is a very general term for life in various ecosystems. Deserts, rainforests, plains, and other areas-including the most built-up urban sites-all have distinct forms of wildlife.
Humankind has historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways; besides the obvious difference in vocabulary, there are differing expectations in the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment.
2. Reading to the recording
Now turn to page 26, listening and reading to the recording of the text. Try to keep pace with the native reader, making your reading resemble that of the reader, in speed, in intonation and in pronunciation.
3. Reading and transforming
Now you are to read the text for information to fill in the form.
What did Daisy see where she was?
In Tibet in China Zimbabwe In thick rain forest
4. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read the text and underline all the collocations at the same time.
HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE
not long ago, wake up, find…by one’s side, a flying chair, get dressed, put on one’s jeans, fly away to…, turn around, with a sad face, use…to make…, kill…for…, take…from under…, take one’s picture, become endangered, destroy the farm, take photos, apply to, hunt…for…, make money for…, as a result, in thick rain forest, protect…from…, rub…over…, a powerful drug, pay attention to…, take…home
III. Closing up by matching animals to five risk categories
Different endangered species appear on different endangered species lists. And people who are trying to protecting animal use the following five risk categories to group the unlucky animal.
Now in groups of four try to group all the unlucky animals found in China.
List of Unlucky animals found in China
中国不幸动物分类名录
EXTINCT(灭绝动物)-A species formerly indigenous to Canada that no longer exists anywhere.
EXTIRPATED（根绝动物）-A species no longer existing in the wild in Canada but occurring elsewhere.
ENDANGERED（濒危动物）-A species threatened with imminent extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its Canadian range.
THREATENED（危急动物）-A species likely to become endangered in Canada if the factors affecting its vulnerability are not reversed.
VULNERABLE（弱势动物）-A species particularly at risk because of low or declining numbers, small range or for some other reason, but not a threatened species.
Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Present Progressive Passive Voice)
Aims
To learn about The Present Progressive Passive Voice
To discover useful words and expressions
To discover useful structures.
Procedures
I. Warming up by acting a text play
Good morning class. To begin with we shall put our text HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE on stage, that is, to act out our story. Now the class acting team with their text play of HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE!
II. Discovering useful words and expressions
1. Doing vocabulary exercises
Turn to page 28 and do the vocabulary exercises 1, 2 and 3. You can simply write your answers in the blanks on the very page of 28.
2. Playing a game
Let’s go on to play the game described on the top of the page 29. The following sentences are to be passed on.
▲ Plant native plants in your backyard.
▲ Do not dump weeds in the bush.
▲ Build a frog pond in your backyard.
▲ Put your rubbish in the bin.
▲ Leave your pets at home.
▲ Do not take anything out of the park.
▲ Encourage your friends to keep patches of bush as wildlife habitats.
▲ Join a community group and offer to do voluntary work.
▲ Find out about conservation activities happening in your local area.
▲ Participate in local clean-up, tree planting and weed control activities.
▲ Learn About Threatened Species
▲ Look out for wildlife
▲ Refuse to buy any rare or endangered plant or animal product.
▲ Be alert and drive slowly at dawn and dusk in rural areas where wildlife may be active.
III. Studying The Present progressive Passive Voice
1. Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action.
The Passive is formed: Passive Subject + To Be + Past Participle
It is often used in business and in other areas where the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action. For Example: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years. Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
If the agent (the performer of the action) is important, use “by.” For Example:
Tim Wilson wrote The Flight to Brunnswick in 1987.
The Flight to Brunnswick was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive.
The following chart includes sentences changed from the active to the passive in the principal tenses.
Active Passive Time Reference
They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present Simple
Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present Continuous
James Joyce wrote Dubliners. Dubliners was written by James Joyces. Past Simple
They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past Continuous
They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present Perfect
They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. Future Intention with Going to
I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future Simple
2. Passive Verb Formation
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the “to be verb.” with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: “The measure could have been killed in committee.” The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let’s take a look at the passive forms of “design.”
Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle
Singular Plural
Present The car/cars is are designed.
Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed.
Past The car/cars was were designed.
Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed.
Future The car/cars will be will be designed.
Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed.
Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed.
Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.
IV. Reading and identifying
Since you are clear about Passive Verb Formation, go back to page 26 and scan the text for all the examples of The Present Progressive Passive Voice.
Our fur is being used to make sweaters like yours.
She was being watched by an excited elephant.
…
Now try to put the following sentences into The Present Progressive Passive Voice.
▲ They are producing this new drug.
▲ Antelope is looking at her.
▲ They are killing us for the wool.
▲ They are destroying the farm.
V. Discovering useful structures
To consolidate your learning of The Present Progressive Passive Voice, turn to page 29 and do the grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3, also on the very page of 29.
VI. Closing down by playing a game
To end this period go to page 29 and play the game called “Tell me what is happening?” Ask questions containing The Present Progressive Passive Voice.
Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language
(ABOUT DINOSAURS)
Aims
To read and listen about dinosaurs
To speak about helping the dodo
To write to the dodo
Procedures
I. Warming up by reading to the tape
Let’s warm up by reading aloud to the recording of the text
ABOUT DINOSAURS on page 30.
II. Listening about DINOSAURS
Now I’d like to tell you something about DINOSAURS
■In formation about Dinosaur
Dinosaur means terrible lizard in Latin. They were called that because people used to think dinosaurs were lizards, but they were not. Dinosaurs first appeared about 200 million years ago. 65 million years ago, many kinds of dinosaurs became extinct. Birds are a special type of dinosaur and they were the only kind to live until today.
There were many kinds of dinosaurs. Some ate plants and some ate meat. The largest dinosaurs were plant-eaters like apatosaurus and brachiosaurus. They were the largest animals to ever walk on dry land.
Other plant-eaters had special weapons to help them fight off the meat-eaters. For example, triceratops had three horns on its face, ankylosaurus was covered in boney plates, and stegosaurus had spikes on its tail.
The meat-eaters all ran around on their back legs like people do. Some were very large, like tyrannosaurus, and some were small, like compsognathus. It was the smaller sized meat-eaters that evolved into birds. One of the first birds was archaeopteryx, but it looked half like a dinosaur.
There were large flying reptiles that lived at the same time as dinosaurs called pterosaurs, but they were not closely related to dinosaurs. There were also many kinds of large reptiles that could swim, like ichthyosaurs and pleisiosaurs, but they weren’t closely related to dinosaurs either.
III. Reading and copying
Next we shall go back to the text ABOUT DINOSAURS on page 30 again to read it and copy down all the expressions into your notebook.
Useful phrases from ABOUT DINOSAURS
During the history of the earth, live on the earth, tens of millions of years ago, came into being, eggs of five species, a rare new species, a bird-like dinosaur, climb tree, tell…from…, die out, hit the earth, put…into the air, get hot, live on, know for sure, in the same way, listen to the story about…, disappear from…
IV. Reading to answer questions
Read the questions in the table below and scan the text to answer them.
When did dinosaurs live on earth?
When did dinosaurs die out?
How did dinosaurs die out?
V. Listening about the dodo
Have you ever heard of the dodo, an animal that has also disappeared from the earth?
The Mauritius Dodo (Raphus cucullatus, called Didus ineptus by Linnaeus), more commonly just Dodo, was a metre-high flightless bird of the island of Mauritius. The Dodo, which is now extinct, lived on fruit and nested on the ground.
Next we are going to listen to the tape and do exercises 1 and 2 on page 30 on dodo.
VI. Speaking in pairs about helping the dodo
Zhao Yannan: The Dodo was driven to extinction by sailors when they discovered the island of Maritius in the 17th century. It is one of the first documented human induced extinctions.
Zhao Yanfei: What a pity that we can not find any dodo now. Imagine we are with the dodo, Yannan, what could we do to help it?
Zhao Yannan: Then I would intend to hide it in a cave, so that sailors could not find it.
Zhao Yanfei: If I were there, I would try to trap them as they were catching and killing the dodo. Putting man who is harmful to the dodo in a cage and attacking him is the best way to protect and save the dodo.
Zhao Yannan: I’d like to and I’m ready to, teach man how to be friends with animals, including the dodo. The man and the dodo can be living side by side on the earth. They can be happy together.
ZhaoYanfei: I would rather not tell you what I think of man. He is selfish and cruel. He cares only for himself and that is why so many animals have disappeared from this earth. Putting the bad men in a cage is the only way out, I am sure.
VII. Closing down by writing to the dodo
All right now, boys and girls, to end this period next you are to write a letter or an email to the dodo telling him what you are going to do to save him.
By 1681, the last dodo died, and the species became extinct. After hundreds of years, no one recalled what a dodo bird was, and it was regarded as a myth invented by imaginative sailors. It wasn’t until the 1900’s when the bones were found that the dodo was believed to be real.
Today, the dodo bird is a symbol of the harm humans can bring to other living things if we are irresponsible.
Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源)
Section 1: A text structure analysis of HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE
I. Type of writing and summary of the idea
HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE
Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing.
Main idea of the passage
Daisy went by flying chair to Tibet, Zimbabwe and a certain thick rain forest to visit endangered animals, which made her know a lot about some destructive as well as protection behaviors that people had done to wildlife.
Idea of 1st paragraph Daisy arrived in Tibet to see a sad antelope to learn that in three years they may all be gone.
Idea of 2nd and 3rd paragraphs Daisy came to Zimbabwe to see an excited elephant and learned that his family was being protected by man.
Idea of 4th paragraph Daisy landed in a thick rain forest to find a clever monkey and learned that no rain forest, no animals and no drugs.
Idea of 5th paragraph Daisy returned home learning so much about wildlife.
II. A text play（课本剧）of HOW DAISY LEARNED TO HELP WILDLIFE
Daisy: (waking) Who are you? Why are you here in my bedroom?
Chair: Excuse me. I am the famous Flying Chair.
Daisy: What are you here for?
Chair: I am here to take you on a trip. Where would you go?
Daisy: I’d like to see animals that gave furs to make this sweater of mine.
Chair: During the history of the earth there have lived on the earth many, many kinds of animals. But many have disappeared because of various reasons.
Daisy: Yes, you are right. I learned from books that tens of millions of years ago, a rare new species of dinosaur, a bird-like dinosaur, came into being. It could climb trees and was very lovely. Then it died out because something hit the earth suddenly, putting much dust into the air. So the earth got too hot for the animal to live on.
Chair: But no one knows for sure what caused all those ancient animals to die out, disappearing from the earth for ever.
Daisy: I shall get dressed and put on my jeans and sweater soon. Then let’s fly away to Tibet China to see the antelopes.
Chair: Here we are in Tibet! Turn around. There is a antelope there with a sad face.
Antelope: Hello, friends. Welcome to my home. You two look so friendly, unlike those who came to kill us to use our furs make sweaters.
Daisy: Sweaters like the one I am wearing? Oh, I am terribly sorry.
Antelope: The bad men came in groups to kill my family members for the wool. They took it from under our stomach.
Chair: I shall take a picture of you and the antelope, to be shown to all the world people.
Daisy: Come Antelope! Let’s have a picture taken together. We shall be off to Zimbabwe too see elephants there.
Chair: Here we are. This is a national park for animals. People came to see them and help with them.
Daisy: Look, there comes an excited elephant. Hello, dear Elephant! Why are you so excited?
Elephant: We are all excited because things have changed a lot here.
Chair: Why? What happened?
Elephant: We became endangered years ago. People came to destroy the farm and kill us for trunks. They are actually our long teeth.
Daisy: I have heard of that. They take your teeth and make them into art work.
Chair: Man is really selfish and disgusting. But Daisy is a nice girl. Now let’s have a picture taken together.
Elephant: Those bad men used to come and kill us. But now are well protected by the government and the good people. We are happy now.
Daisy: Good- bye, Elephant!
Chair: Take care, Daisy. We shall hurry to our last stop, the thick rain forest in South America.
Daisy: Wow! Look to the right. A lovely mother monkey is there. She seems to be rubbing herself. Hi, Monkey Mother! What are you doing?
Monkey: I am rubbing a millipede insect over my body to protect myself from the mosquitoes.
Daisy: How intelligent you are!
Monkey: It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. There are lots of plants and little animals in the rain forest here which can be helpful to man.
Daisy: Is that so? I am going to take photos of all those useful plants and animals. I will show the photos to my classmates so that they understand you lovely animals and the forest better. I will apply to be allowed to work here to help you get a better living in the forest.
Monkey: Thank you so much! Some unfriendly people came to catch us, to put us in the zoo in the city. We monkeys prefer living in the forest.
Daisy: Good- bye, Monkey! I will report what I learned on this trip to WWF. I will invite all my schoolmates to join us in the protecting project. The future is to be bright for both you the animals and us the human beings. See you!
Section 2: Background information on wildlife protection
I. 中国国家重点保护动物名录
■ 国家一级保护动物
最凶猛的雕：金雕
1.金雕 Aquila chrysaetos 2.白鹳 Ciconia ciconia
3.黑麂 Muntyacus crinifrons 4.云豹 Neofelis nebulosa
5.华南虎 Panthera tigris 6.豹 Panthera pardusfusca
7.白颈长尾雉 Syrmaticus ellioti 8.黄腹角雉 Tragopan caboti
■ 国家二级保护动物
鬣羚：真兽下纲，反刍亚目，有角下目，牛科
1.鬣羚 Capricornis sumatraensis
2.豺 Cuon alpinus
3.金猫 Felis temmincki
4.短尾猴 Macaca arctoides
5. 猕猴 Macaca mulatta
6.穿山甲 Manis pentadactyla 7.黄喉貂 Martes flavigula
8.斑羚 Naemorhedus goral 9.大灵猫 Viverra zibetha
10.小灵猫 Viverricula indica 11.雀鹰 Accipiter nisus
12.赤腹鹰 Accipiter soloensis 13.苍鹰 Accipiter gentilis
14.鸳鸯 Aix galericulata 15.乌雕 Aquila clanga
16.白腹山雕 Aquila fasciata 17.短耳鸮 Asio flammeus
18.长耳鸮 Asio otus 19.雕鸮 Bubo bubo
20.灰脸鹰 Butastur indicus 21.大?Buteo hemilasius
22.毛脚?Buteo lagopus 23.普通?Buteo buteo
24.红脚隼 Falco vespertinus 25.灰背隼 Falco columbarius
26.游隼 Falco peregrinus 27.燕隼 Falco subbuteo
28.红隼 Falco tinnunculus 29.领鸺鹠 Glaucidium brodiei
30.斑头鸺鹠 Glaucidium cuculoides 31.白鹇 Lophura nycthemera
32.小隼 Mrcrohierax caerulescens 33.鸢 Milvus migrans
34.鹰鸮 Ninox scutulata 35.小杓鹬 Numenius borealis
36.领角鸮 Otus bakkamoena 37.红角鸮 Otus scops
38.勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopla 39.蛇雕 Spilornis cheela
40.鹰雕 Spizaetus nipalensis 41.褐林鸮 Strix leptogrammica
42.草鸮 Tyto capensis 43.大鲵 Andrias davidianus
44.虎纹蛙 Rana tigrina 45.拉步甲 Carabus lafossaei
II. What is WWF?
WWF, the global conservation organization was originally known as World Wildlife Fund.
In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund For Nature (except in the US and Canada) to better represent the spread of its work. It was founded on September 11, 1961 by, among others, the biologist Sir Julian Huxley, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, Max Nicholson and the naturalist and painter Sir Peter Scott who designed the original black and white panda logo. It is one of the world’s largest environmental organizations, with a network of offices in nearly 60 countries and a secretariat in Gland, Switzerland.
Probably the most famous name associated with WWF is HRH The Duke of Edinburgh. The Duke was the first President of WWF-UK from its foundation in 1961 to 1982, International President of WWF (1981-), and is now President Emeritus.
WWF is dedicated to stopping the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and building a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by:
▲ conserving the world’s biological diversity,
▲ ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable,
▲ promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
WWF has a factual, science-based approach to conservation, which focuses on six priority issues of global concern: forests, oceans and coasts, fresh water, endangered species, and the insidious threats of toxic chemicals and climate change. For each of these issues, WWF has developed measurable targets and runs more than 1,200 field projects around the world in any year.
III. Antelope
The antelope are a group of herbivorous African animals of the family Bovidae, distinguished by a pair of hollow horns on their heads. These animals are spread relatively evenly throughout the various subfamilies of Bovidae and many are more closely related to cows or goats than each other. There are many different species of antelope, ranging in size from tiny to very big. They typically have a light and elegant figure, slender, graceful limbs, small cloven hoofs, and a short tail. Antelope have powerful hindquarters and when startled they run with a peculiar bounding stride that makes them look as though they are bouncing over the terrain like a giant rabbit. Some species of antelope can reach speeds of 60 miles per hour (100 kilometers per hour), making them among the fastest of land animals.
IV. Elephant
Elephantidae (the elephants) is the only extant family in the order Proboscidea. Elephantidae has three living species: the Savannah Elephant and Forest Elephant (which were collectively known as the African Elephant) and the Asian Elephant (formerly known as the Indian Elephant). During the period of the ice age there were more species, which are now extinct.
Elephants are the largest living land mammals. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 100 kg (225 pounds). It takes 20 to 22 months for a baby elephant to mature to birth, the longest gestation period of any land animal. An elephant may live as long as 60 to 70 years. The largest elephant ever recorded was a male shot in Angola in 1974, weighing 1 kilograms or 26400 pounds.
Prehistoric human beings have been known to eat elephants, as recent findings of animal remains in central China show. The elephant is now a protected animal, and consumption is prohibited around the world.
V. Monkey
A monkey is any member of two of the three groupings of simian primates. These two groupings are the New World and Old World monkeys. Because of their similarity to monkeys, apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons are sometimes incorrectly called monkeys. Also, a few monkey species have the word “ape.” in their common name. Because they are not a single coherent group, monkeys do not have any important characteristics that they all share and are not shared with the remaining group of simians, the apes.
Monkeys range in size from the Pygmy Marmoset, at 10 cm (4 inch) long (plus tail) and 120 g (4 oz) in weight to the male Mandrill, almost 1 metre (3 ft) long and weighing 35 kg (75 lb). Some are arboreal (living in trees), some live on the savanna; some eat fruit, some eat leaves, and some eat insects; although most have tails (sometimes prehensile), others do not; some have trichromatic colour vision like that of humans, others are dichromats or monochromats. Although both the new and old world monkeys, like the apes, have forward facing eyes, the faces of Old World and New World monkeys look very different. To understand the monkeys, therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the different groups individually.
Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit 4 Wildlife protection
enemy
n. 1. any hostile group of people: He viewed lawyers as the real enemy. 2. an opposing military force : The enemy attacked at dawn.
reserve
v. 1. arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance: Reserve me a seat on a flight. 2. obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance: We managed to reserve a table at Maxim’s. 3. give or assign a share of money or time to a particular person or cause
hunt
n. an instance of searching for something: the hunt for submarines. v. chase away, with as with force: They hunted the unwanted immigrants out of the neighborhood. v. 1. pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals): Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland. 2. search (an area) for prey: The King used to hunt these forests. 3. seek, search for: She hunted for her reading glasses but was unable to locate them. 4. oscillate about a desired speed, position, or state to an undesirable extent: The oscillator hunts about the correct frequency. 5. pursue or chase relentlessly: The hunters traced the deer into the woods.
wild
n. a wild primitive state untouched by civilization: He lived in the wild. adj. 1. in a state of extreme emotion: wild with anger. 2. produced without being planted or without human labor: wild strawberries. 3. in a natural state; not tamed or domesticated or cultivated: wild geese. 4. marked by extreme lack of restraint or control: wild ideas. 5. not subjected to control or restraint: A piano played with a wild exuberance- Louis Bromfield. 6. deviating widely from an intended course: a wild bullet. 7. (of colors or sounds) intensely vivid or loud: wild colors. 8. talking or behaving irrationally 9. located in a dismal or remote area; desolate: a godforsaken wilderness crossroads. 10. without civilizing influences: wild tribes. adv. in a wild or undomesticated manner: growing wild.
protection
n. 1. payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence: Every store in the neighborhood had to pay him protection. 2. the activity of protecting someone or something: The witnesses demanded police protection. 3. the imposition of duties or quotas on imports in order to protect domestic industry against foreign competition: He made trade protection a plank in the party platform. 4. the condition of being protected: They were huddled together for protection. 5. defense against financial failure; financial independence: Insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness. 6. a covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury: They had no protection from the fallout.
peace
n. 1. a treaty to cease hostilities: Peace came on November 11th. 2. harmonious relations; freedom from disputes: The roommates lived in peace together. 3. the general security of public places: He was arrested for disturbing the peace.
apply
v. 1. apply oneself to: Please apply yourself to your homework. 2. be pertinent or relevant or applicable: The same laws apply to you! 3. ask (for something): Apply for a job. 4. refer (a word or name) to a person or thing 5. give or convey physically 6. avail oneself to: Apply a principle. 7. ensure observance of laws and rules: Apply the rules to everyone. 8. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose: Apply a magnetic field here.
suggest
v. imply as a possibility: The evidence suggests a need for more clarification.
rub
n. the act of rubbing or wiping: He gave the hood a quick rub. v. move over something with pressure: Rub my hands.
contain
v. 1. be capable of holding or containing 2. be divisible by: 24 contains 6. 3. include or contain; have as a component: The record contains many old songs from the 1930’s. 4. contain or hold; have within: This can contains water. 5. hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of: Contain the rebel movement.
affect
v. 1. have an effect upon: Will the new rules affect me? 2. connect closely and often incriminatingly: This new ruling affects your business. 3. make believe with the intent to deceive
篇3：广东高中必修2册教案Unit 1 Cultural relics
Part One: Teaching Design （第一部分：教学设计）
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for Reading
(IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM)
Aims：
To read about cultural relics
To learn about The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
I. Warming up
Warming up by defining
Good morning, class. This period we are going to read about IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Before our reading, I’d like to know:
A. What kind of old things are cultural relics?
B. Are all the old things cultural relics?
C. What is the definition and classification of cultural relics?
D. To whom do cultural relics belong?
Keys for reference:
A. Cultural relics are physical remainders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. It can also be said that cultural relics are more than works of art, they are symbols of history and the people who lived in the past.
B. No, not all the old objects are cultural relics.
C. Each kind of relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic is still a unique cultural expression and contributions.
D. In a larger sense, it can be said that all the cultural relics belong to all peoples and whole societies, not a certain individual.
Warming up by presenting
Hi, everyone. Let’s look at the screen. I’ll present you some pictures. They all belong to cultural relics. Some of them are cultural sites. Some of them are natural sites. Please think these over：
A. Can you name them out?
B. Who have the right to confirm and classify them?
Keys for reference:
A. They are cultural sites: The Great wall; The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang; The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors; The Mogao Cave. These are natural sites: The Jiu Zhai Gou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area; The Huang Long Scenic and Histioric Interest Area. The following are cultural and natural sites: Mount Taishan; Mount Huangshan; Mount WuYi.
B. Only an international professional organization from UN has the authority to confirm and classify them.
Warming up by discussing
Now, boys and girls, I met a “moral dilemma”. That means I must make a choice between the interests of the family and the interests of the society. Things are like this: My old granny happened to find an ancient vase under the tree in the earth of our garden. It’s so beautiful and special. Now, my family fell into a moral dilemma. Can you help us to make a decision:
A: What should we do?
B: Can we keep it for ourselves or report it to the government?
C: Have you come across such a situation - to make a difficult choice?
Keys: ABC questions can be answered in all kinds of ways. The answers are flexible.
II. Pre-reading
1. Looking and saying
Work in pairs. Look at the photos on the screen. All these relics are quite beautiful. But some of them were lost and ruined in history，such as Yuan MingYuan and the Amber Room. Please guess:
A. What kinds of things can result in their disappearing?
B. Why do they come into being once again?
Keys for reference:
A. Maybe wars, natural disasters, and time have damaged or destroyed them, getting them lost and changed. Many of them were even stolen and hidden while nobody knows who, where and how.
B. People get to know these. If these relics could not be found again, they would be rebuilt by people.
2. Explaining and sharing
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates:
A. What do you know about the substance of “amber”?
B. What do you know about the cultural relics “the Amber Room”?
Keys for reference:
I am from group 2. From the knowledge we got from biology and chemistry, we know “amber” is a semi-precious stone used in jewelry and art world. Amber is really the fossil form of resin from trees. It has got its shape after a process that has taken millions of years to complete. Trees in very ancient forests produced this resin, which slowly dropped from trees and was buried. Trees use resin to protect themselves from disease and harm caused by insects and fungi.
I am from group 6. From the information of history legends and news reports, we know the Amber Room is a room built by lots of ambers. It was a gift given to Peter the Great, the King of Russia, by the King of Prussia, Frederick William I. It was given the name because almost thousand tons of natural ambers were used to make it. But during the second world war in 1941, the Nazi German army secretly stole the Amber Room and sent boxes of the Amber Room on a train to a German city. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
III. Reading
1. Reading aloud to the recording
Now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.
2. Skimming and identifying the general idea of each paragraph
Now please skim the text to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph.
1st paragraph the introduction about the Amber Room: design, colour, shape, material
2nd paragraph the present to the Czar: a part of winter palace in St. Petersburg, a reception hall for important visitor
3rd Paragraph the relocating of the Amber Room in Catherir Ⅱ times: moved into Summer Palace, more added to its design
4th Paragraph the missing of the Amber Room: the two countries were at war, Nazi German army stole the Amber Room, 27 wooden boxes were trained to a German city, Nobody knew it from then on
5th Paragraph the rebuilding of the Amber Room: a new one but the same as the old built by the two countries, for celebrating the 300th birthday of Peterburg
3.Scanning and analyzing the characteristics of the text.
Since you have got to know the general ideas of each paragraph, can you tell me the characteristics of the passage, such as, the type of writing, the way of narrating, and the tense?
Keys for reference:
This piece of passage is a narrative prose or non-fiction article written in a narrating style. It tells the history of Amber Room in the order of time so that we can clearly learn about what happened to it. The tense used in the text is past tense.
4.Reading and understanding
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
look into…, be used to…, make the design for the room, in fact, as a gift of…, add more details to…, remove… from the search for…,belong to…, feel as hard as stone, the fancy style, be made for…, in return, one of the great wonders, art objects, look much like…, give the name, be made into any shape, be made with gold and jewels, be made to be a gift, serve as…, at war, remain a mystery, be ready for…
5. Reading and transferring information
Read the text again to complete the table, which lists all the numbers in the text.
NUMBER MEANING
1716 Frederic William gave the Amber Room to Peter the Great as a gift.
1770 Catherine Ⅱ had completed the adding to the Amber Room in this year.
1941 The Nazi German army stole the Amber Room in this year.
The rebuilding of the Amber Room was completed in this year.
7000 Tons The total weight of the ambers used to make the room.
55 The number of soldiers given to the king of Russia in return.
600 The number of the candles lighting the Amber Room.
2 The two countries: German and Russia.
2 In two days the Amber Room was removed to a German city.
100,000 The Amber Room was dismantled into 100,000 pieces
27 27 wooden boxes were used to contain the pieces of Amber Room.
300th The newly rebuilt Amber Room was ready for the 300th birthday of St Peterburg city
6.Reading and learning
Read the text and learn more about the following proper nouns. You can surf on the website after class:
Names of people Names of places
Frederick Ⅰ Prussia
Frederick William Ⅰ St.Peterburg
Peter the Great Konigsberg
Catherine Ⅱ Winter Palace
Summer Palace
Ⅳ Closing down
Closing down by doing exercises
To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and No. 2.
Closing down by having a discussion
A. Can you imagine the fate of the Amber Room? What is it?
B. Do you think if it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room? Why?
Keys for reference:
A. I have no idea about the fate of the Amber Room. Because anything can happen to it. Maybe it was destroyed at war in the fighting fire. You see, ambers can be melted easily. Maybe it was kept secretly by somebody who had died without telling about it to anyone else. So maybe it is lying somewhere quietly.
B. I think it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room. Because it represents the culture and a period of history in St. Petersburg. It is a trace and feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of a lost time.
Closing down by retelling the story of the Amber Room
Well, all of us have learned the history of the Amber Room. Let’s recall some key words and expressions on the board. You are to retell the story of the Amber Room:
Colour Style Shape
owner present move to winter palace
add to more details remove to pieces
put on trains remain a mystery 300th birthday
Period 2: A lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)
Aims:
To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause
To discover some useful words and expressions
To discover some useful structures
Procedures:
I. Warming up
Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions
Please turn to page 3. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 first. Please check your answers against your classmates’.
Warming up by explaining
Now, class, since you’ve read the passage, could you explain to me how to use the phrase “belong to”? The word “to” here is a preposition, indicating the possession, and is always followed by nouns or pronoun. Look at Ex 3. The preposition “at” indicates a state, condition or continuous activity. So we can replace them or express them by using a present-continuous tense.
II. Learning about Attributive Clause
1. What is an adjective Clause?
An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?” or “what kind of?” Consider the following examples:
Adjective
the red coat
Adjective clause
the coat which I bought yesterday
Like the word “red” in the first example, the dependent clause “which I bought yesterday” in the second example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before.
In formal writing, an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),” “that,” or “which.” In informal writing or speech, you may leave out the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun in formal, academic writing:
informal
The books people read were mainly religious.
formal
The books that people read were mainly religious.
informal
Some firefighters never meet the people they save.
formal
Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save.
Here are some more examples of adjective clauses:
the meat which they ate was tainted
This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which meat?”.
They’re talking about the movie which made him cry
This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which movie?”.
They are searching for the student who borrowed the book
The clause modifies the pronoun “student” and answers the question “which student?”.
Did I tell you about the author whom I met?
The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which author?”.
2. Restrictive & non restrictive clauses
Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing?
1a My uncle, who lives in London, is very rich.
2b My uncle who lives in London is very rich.
2a The policies, which were unpopular, were rejected by the voters.
2b The policies which were unpopular were rejected by the voters.
3a My niece, whose husband is out of work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured.
3b My niece whose husband is out of work will inherit the house which I have always treasured.
The first sentence in each pair has a non-restrictive clause within two commas, and the second has a restrictive clause. A non-restrictive clause simply adds more information into the sentence and does not affect the meaning of the main clause: it is therefore bracketed off with commas (1a = an uncle who happens to live in London). Conversely, a restrictive clause defines its referent in the main clause more specifically and contributes significantly to the meaning of the sentence. Thus it is that particular uncle who lives in London who is referred to (1b). In 2a, all policies were unpopular and all were rejected, whereas in 2b only the policies that were unpopular were rejected. Note that in restrictive clauses the non-human relative pronoun is either ‘that’ or ‘which’, whereas for human referents the relative pronoun can be either ‘who/m’ or ‘that’ (the man that/whom I will marry ....).
3. A test on FORMAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Directions: Combine the sentences. Use formal written English.
Use (b) as an adjective clause. Punctuate carefully.
1) (a) An antecedent is a word. (b) A pronoun refers to this word.
An antecedent ____
2) (a) The blue whale is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.(b) It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons.
The blue whale ____
3) (a) The plane was met by a crowd of 300. (b) Some of them had been waiting for more than 4 hours.
The plane ____
4) (a) In this paper, I will describe the basic process.(b) Raw cotton becomes cotton thread by this process.
In this paper, I will describe ____
5) (a) The researchers are doing case studies of people to determine the importance of heredity in health and longevity.(b) These people’s families have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.
The researchers are doing case studies ____
6) (a) At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research. (b) The results of this research will be published within 6 months.
At the end of this month, scientists ____
7) (a) According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’(that is, a fear of mathematics) is a widespread problem. (b) A solution to this problem must and can be found.
According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’ ____
8) (a) The art museum hopes to hire a new administrator.
(b) Under this person’s direction it will be able to purchase significant pieces of art.
The art museum ____
9) (a) The giant anteater licks up ants for its dinner.
(b) Its tongue is longer than 30 centimeters (12 inches).
The giant anteater ____
10) (a) The anteater’s tongue is sticky.
(b) It can go in and out of its mouth 160 times a minute.
The anteater’s tongue ____
III. Closing down by taking a quiz
Quiz on Attributive clause
Select one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The words you choose should fit the blank in the sentence. Don’t use the HINT buttons unless you really need them.
1. As many children came were given some cakes.
A. that B. as C. who D. whom
2. The visitors saw rows of houses the roofs are red.
A. on which B. of which C. where D. that
3. I usually take a nap after lunch, is my habit.
A. which it B. as it C. as D. that
4. Please tell me the way you did the job.
A. how B. where C. which D. in which
5 Is this museum some German friends visited the day before yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
6. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grain.
A. in which B. where C. that D. with which
7. I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. when, that D. which, that
8. Little has been done is helpful to our work.
A. that B. what C. which D. all that
9. Perhaps this is the only market you can get such cheap goods.
A. that B. of which C. by which D. where
10. We’ll put off the outing until next week, __ we won’t be so busy.
A. when B. which C. at which D. in that
Key: 1~10：BBCDA ABADA
Period 3: A lesson plan for using language
Aims:
To learn to tell facts from opinions
To write a reply letter
To listen and speak about cultural relics
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by questions
Morning, class. We always say, “We must respect facts and can’t wholly depend on one’s opinions”. But can you tell me:
A. What does it mean when you say, “It is a fact”?
B. What does it mean when you say, “It is an opinion”?
Keys for reference:
A. A fact must be real, objective and without any personal judgment. So it can be proved.
B. An option always expresses one’s own ideas. It is always subjunctive. So it has not been proved.
Warming up by questioning
Turn to page 5. Read the passage and tell me:
A. If you want to go in for law against somebody, and if you want to win, what’s the most important thing you should do first?
B. What makes a judge decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
Keys for reference:
A. Searching for facts of course. The more, the better.
B. The evidences offered by the eyewitnesses make the judge decide which one is believable and which is not.
II. Guided reading
1. Reading and defining
Read the passage and define: What is a fact? What is an opinion? What is an evidence?
2. Reading and translating
Read the passage and translate it into Chinese paragraph by paragraph. Tom, you are to do paragraph 1, please…
3. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the part. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocation from Using Language on page 5
in a trial, rather than, …more than…, to tell the truth, agree with, It can be proved that …, no reason to lie, a reply to a letter, think highly of, search for, return the treasure to, cost them a lot of time and money
4. Listening
Now, boys and girls, as we know, people have never stopped searching for the Amber Room. This time we’ll listen to what three people say they know about the missing Amber Room. Before we listen to them, I’ll present some related new words to you to help you understand them easily. Please look at the screen and read after me.
explode vt. 爆炸, Czch n. 捷克, mayor n. 市长, melt vt. 熔化, sub (sub marine) n. 潜水艇，水雷, survivor n. 幸存者, Titanic n. 泰坦尼克船
5. Sharing and Correcting
Well done. Now share your forms with your partner and tell me in the three forms: What are facts? What are opinions? Li Ming, do you want a try?
Keys: What they heard, saw, did are facts. And what they believe are opinions.
6. Reviewing
We often use some expressions to ask for opinions. What are they?
Oh, yes. What do you think of …?
Do you believe …?
How can you be sure of …?
How do you know that?
And we often use some expressions to give opinions. What are they? Ok, Tom, Please. Oh, yes. They are: I think… / I don’t think… I don’t agree that… / I suppose that…
7. Discussing
Please look at exercise 3, and discuss which person gave the best evidence. Use the expressions above to help you. Before we discuss, let’s deal with the following discussion:
A. What is the best evidence?
B. How can we know which eyewitness is most believable?
Keys:
A. The best evidence is factual and is given by a person who is believable.
B. The most believable eyewitness is the one who has nothing to gain from telling a lie.
Well done. Let’s come to the discussion “Which person gave the best evidence?”
Keys fore reference:
Jan Hasek is less believable because he owns a little restaurant near the mine. If the search stopped, his business would suffer.
Hans Braun is also less believable because he is working for a company trying to find the ship which carried the treasures in the Baltic sea.
Of the three eyewitnesses, only Anna Petrov has no selfish reason for saying what she has said. In particular, she is not involved in any current effort to find the treasure. Therefore she is the most believable.
8. Reading and writing
Sometimes we may fall into or face a moral choice. That is a moral dilemma. Let’s read the letter on page 7 and see what’s Johann’s choice and opinion. Ok, finished? Now answer the following questions:
A. What’s Johann’s opinion about the Amber Room?
B. What’s his father’s opinion about the things found by him?
C. What happened to Johann when she was a pupil?
Keys:
A. Johann thinks the people who find the Amber Room should keep it for them own.
B. His father thinks as Johann does.
C. She found a little money and kept it to himself.
9. Completing the letters A & B and then giving your own letters
When you write your letter, you may choose to agree or not agree with the writer.
You must give a reason why you agree or don’t agree with the writer.
Be sure to give an example from your own life so that the reader can better understand your opinion.
Ⅲ Closing down
Closing down by a debating
There is a long ancient wall around a less developed town.
It is reported it has a long history, dating back to over 5 century BC. The local government is collecting money to repair and rebuild the wall. It has cost a lot of money. Some of your classmates think it is not worth. Some think it’s a good way to develop the local economy. Now Group 1 and 2 against Group 3 and 4. Let’s have the debating.
Closing down by dictation
The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
The room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.
The man who found the relics insist that it belongs to his family.
The room was completed the way she wanted it .
It was ready for the people of St. Petersburg to celebrate the 300th birthday of their city.
After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
Is it something that more than one person believes?
A fact is anything that can be proved.
An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
Part Two: Teaching Resources (教学资源)
Section 1: A text structure analysis of IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
I. Type of writing and summary of the idea
Type of writing This is a piece of narrative writing.
Main idea of the passage The history of the Amber Room
General idea of 1st Para The simple description of the Amber Room
General idea of 2nd Para The present sent to the Czar
General idea of 3rd Para The detail adding and relocating of the Amber Room
General idea of 4th Para The stolen of the Amber Room in World War Ⅱ
General idea of 5th Para The rebuilding of the Amber Room
II. A tree diagram
The Amber Room: the best and biggest work of country’s best Prussian artists
Para.1
Section 2: Background information on culture relics
I. What is a culture relic? 何谓 “文化遗产”?
Cultural relics are physical reminders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. Without these relics, we could not cherish cultural traditions as much or appreciate the lives of the people who practiced those traditions. Although we may not often consider it, cultural relics are not only the possession of one culture. In a larger sense, it can be said that they belong to all peoples. For these reasons, this unit describes cultural relics not from China but other places. Looking at it from another angle, it can also be said that cultural relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic, regardless of whether the same hands created many examples of it, is still a unique cultural expression and contribution.
II. The cultural relics of China in the world heritage site list《世界文化遗产名录》中的30处中国文遗产
本单元的主题是“文化遗产”，学生很可能已经亲身接触过当地的文化遗产，或是能过电视、报纸等媒体对此有了一定的了解，因此，在课前教师可让学生列举国内外著名的文化遗产，然后对“文化遗产”给出定义、分类或划分标准。到底，我国已有30处文物古迹和自然景观被联合国科教文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》，以下是这些文化遗产的名称、性质和列人《世界遗产名录》的年份：
◆Mount Taishan(泰山)，listed as a world cultural and natural site in 1987.
◆The Great Wall(长城)，cultural site, 1987.
◆The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang(北京故宫、沈阳故宫)，cultural site, 1987,.
◆The Mogao Caves(敦煌莫高窟)，cultural site,1987.
◆The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors(泰始皇陵及兵马俑坑)，cultural site,1987.
◆The Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian(周口店北京猿人遗址),cultural site,1987.
◆Mount Huangshan(黄山),cultural and natural site,1990.
◆The Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area(九寨沟风景名胜区),natural site,1992.
◆The Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area(黄龙风景名胜区),natural site,1992.
◆The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (武陵源风景名胜区)，natural site,1992.
◆The Mountain Resort and its Outline Temple, Chengde(河北承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙),cultural site,1994.
◆The Temple and Cemeter of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林)，cultural site,1994.
◆The Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains(武当山古建筑群),cultural site,1994.
◆Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa(西藏布达拉宫),cultural site,1994.
◆The Lushan National Park(庐山)，cultural site,1996.
◆Mount Emei and the Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area(峨眉山一乐山大佛风景名胜区),cultural and natural site.1996.
◆The Ancient City of Pingyao(平遥古城),cultural site,.
◆The Classical Gardens of Suzhou(苏州园林),cultural site,1997.
◆The Old Town of Lijiang(丽江古城),cultural site,1997.
◆The Summer Palace(颐和园),cultural site,.
◆The Temple of heaven：an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing(天坛),cultural site,1998.
◆Dazu Rock Carvings(大足石刻),cultural site, .
◆Mount Wuyi(武夷山),cultural and natural site,1999.
◆Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System(青城山一都江堰),cultural site,2000.
◆Aucient Villages in Southern Anhui-Xidi and Hongcun(安徽古村落一西递、宏村),cultural site,2000.
◆Longmen Grottoes(龙门石窟),cultural site,2000.
◆Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties(明清皇家陵寝),cultural site 2000.
◆Yungang Grottoes(云冈石窟),cultural site,.
◆Three Parallel Rivers of Yunan Protected Areas,natural site(三江并流),2003.
◆Capital cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom(高句丽的王城、王陵和贵族墓葬),cultural site,2004.
Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit I Cultural Relics
cultural
adj. 文化的 a cultural independence / cultural exchange
relic
n. sth. old that reminds us of the past遗迹；古物 unearthed cultural / a relic of early civilization
survive
vt.&vi. to continue to live, esp. after coming close to death; to continue to live after…幸免于；幸存；……之后还活着 survive the traffic accident / survive all her children
remain
vi. 1. to stay or be left behind after others have gone or been removed停留；留居；留下When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.2. to continue to be( in an unchanged state)继续；依然remain young / remain to be uncompleted; Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. If you won’t eat you’ll just have to remain hungry! 3. It remains to be seen: we shall know later on.情况仍未明，要看怎样发展。
state
n. 国家；政府；州；状态 state schools / state documents /in a poor state of health
look into: to examine the meaning or causes of考察，调查 look into the matter / look into the event
rare
adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的 the rare air of the mountains / rare metals / a rare book
dynasty
n. 朝代；王朝 the Qing Dynasty / the Tudor dynasty in England
belong to
to be the property of; to be a member of; to be connected with属于；为……的一员;与……有关系belong to a club / belong to a class / belong to me
in search of 寻找 in search of the cure to the disease / in search of the lost boy
amber
n. adj. 琥珀；琥珀制的；琥珀色的 the amber traffic lights / a decoration of amber
gift
n. 赠品；礼物；天赋 birthday gifts / gift vouchers / a gift for music
melt
vt. vi. (使)融化；（使）熔化 melt the snow / melt the anger /melt in water
heat
n. vt. 热；热度；把……加热；使激动 the body heat/ the heat of a debate/ heat soup for lunch
design
n. a plan in the mind; a drawing or pattern showing how sth. is to be made设计；图案 vt. to imagine and plan out in the mind设计；构思 curious in design / make a design for a monument; design an engine / design dresses for a queen
fancy
adj.奇特的；异样的（无最高级和比较级）vt.想象；设想；爱好 a fancy price / fancy goods / fancy his coming /fancy herself still young
style
n.风格；风度；类型 do things in style / in the style of / out of style.
jewel
n.珠宝；宝石 precious jewels / a jewel necklace
in return(for): in exchange (for); in payment (for)作为交换；报答；酬谢 in return for her kindness / in return for his gilt
light
vt. vi 点火，照亮 light a cigarette / light a torch/ light sb. on his way
mirror
n. 镜子；反映 a driving mirror / look in the mirror/ a mirror of the times
wonder
n. 奇迹；惊奇 the wonders of nature/ It’s no wonder. /in wonder
at war 处于交战状态 be at war / have been at war for long
remove
vt. to take away(from a place); take off移动;脱掉；除去remove the cloth from the table / remove one’s hat; You’ve got to remove your shoes before you enter the room.
furniture
n.家具（总称）much furniture / a lot of furniture /a set of furniture/ a piece of furniture
secretly
adv.秘密地；背地里 have a talk secretly/ take an action secretly
wooden
adj. 木制的 a wooden bridge/ a wooden chair
doubt
n. 怀疑；疑惑；vt.怀疑；不信 there is no doubt about sb./ sth./ no doubt/ …not doubt that / …doubt whether
mystery
n.神秘；神秘的事物 make a mystery of matter / dive into the mysteries of
apart
adv. 分离；分别地 miles apart / stand apart / keep apart from take apart 拆开 take apart the machine / take sb. apart
trial
n.审判；审问；试验 hold a trial / trial by a military court / give sb. a trial
consider
vt.1. to think about; examine考虑；思考I’m considering changing my job. We’ve decided to move and are considering a new house in Beijing. 2. to regard as认为I consider you a fool. I consider it a great honour to be here with you today. The boss considered Tom (to be) too lazy to be a good worker. 3. to take into account顾及；考虑到；If you consider (the fact) that she’s only been studying English a year, she speaks it very well.
opinion n.意见；看法；判断 give one’s opinion / in one’s opinion / depend on one’s opinion
evidence n.根据；证据；证物 evidence for his guilt/ call sb. for evidence/ material evidence/ verbal evidence
prove vt. 证明；证实 vi. 原来是；证明是 prove its truth / prove sb to be / be proved to be
pretend vt.假装；装扮 pretend to be / pretend that
think highly of 看重；器重 think highly of his deeds / think highly of his character
treasure n.财宝；财富；珍品 a store of hidden treasure / collect many treasures
besides adv. in addition, also此外;而且I don’t want to go; besides, I’m tired. I met some friends and other people besides. I don’t like those blue socks; what have you got besides? prep. as well as; in addition to除……之外 I have a few friends besides you. There were three others present at the meeting besides Mr. Day.
篇4：广东高中必修1册教案unit4
Teaching Plan for Unit 4
Period 3 Grammar ( Attributive Clause)
Teaching aims: 1) Talk about the Attributive Clause.
2) Students can use the Attributive Clause.
Key points: Students learn how to use the Attributive Clause.
Teaching aids: 1) computer 2) blackboard 3) text-book
Teaching methods: Task-based Approach; Student-centered Approach
Teaching Steps:
Step 1. Greeting.
Greet the students as usual.
Step 2. Revision.
Students read the text aloud one by one.
Step 3. Talk about grammar “ Attributive Clause”
1) Talk about the conjunctions of the Attributive clause
a. People : who, whom, that
The boy who/ that is handsome is Tom.( who acts as a subject, cannot be omitted)
The boy whom./that/who I saw yesterday is Tom.( wjo, whom, that here act as object, can be omitted)
The boy aboyt whom we talked is Tom. ( if there is a preposition, can only use whom, cannot be omitted)
b. things; which , that
Please pass me the cup which/ that is on the desk.
Please pass me the cup which / that you gave me yesterday.
Please pass me the cup about which you talked yesterday.
c. whose
I know a boy whose mother is a doctor.
I bought a book whose cover is beautiful.
Step 4. Practise the Attributive Clause.
1) Class work.
2) Individual work.
Step 5. Use the structure.
Students use the Attributive Clause to describe one object or a person in the classroom..
Step 6. Homework.
Go over the Attributive Clause and do the exercises in workbook.
Teaching plan for Unit 4
Period 2 Reading “ A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”
Teaching aims: 1) Learn about Reading :” A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”
2) Develop the reading skills.
3)learn to protect nature.
Key points: Develop the reading skills.
Teaching aids: 1) computer 2) blackboard 3) tape-recorder
Teaching methods: Task-based Approach; Student-centered Approach
Teaching Steps:
Step1. Greeting
Greet the students as usual.
Step 2. lead-in
Talk about the causes of the earthquake.
Step 3 Pre-reading
“It is always caim before a storm.’
Talk about “ What may happen before an earthquake?”
Students discuss it in the group of 4; Then try to find out as many phonenomen as possible.
Step 4. Reading.
1) Talk about the title of the text.
2) Read the passage, and try to divide the passage into 3 parts.
The first part: Before the earthquake, strange things happened.
The second part: During the earthquake, the city was destroyed.
The third part: After the ear4thquake, people saw hope.
3) Read the text again, and try to anwer the T or F questions in the test-book.
4) Try to filling thr cloze texr according to the text.
Step 5 Discussion
1) Talk about the writing style of the passage .
2) Do the exercised in “Comprehending”.
Step 6 Homework.
1) Find out the usage of the key words in the text.
2) Find out the “Attributive Clause” from the text.
Teaching Plan for Unit 4
Period 4. Using Language
Teaching aims: 1) Studnents practise the languang points of Unit 4.
2) Students learn to use the language points.
3) develop the abilities of using language.
Teaching aids: 1) computer 2) tape-recorder 3) blackboard.
Teaching Steps:
Step 1. Greeting
Greet the students as usual.
Step 2. Daily report
Student gives his report.
Step 3 Warming-up.
Go over the text in Reading. Students read the text aloud one by one.
Step 4 Listening Task.
1) For the first time, students listen to the tape, and answer the T or F questions.
2) For the second listen, students try to answe the questions. ( Teacher can make some pauses to help the students to catch the main information.)
3) Students listen to the third time, then try to follow the tape and practise reading the text aloud.
Step 5. Reading Task
1) Students read the text and answer the questions.
2) Talk about the letter, and try to find out the structure of the letter.
Step 6. Writing Task.
1) Students learn the structure of the letter to the newspaper editor.
2) Students discuss the topic and try to write a letter to the reporter.
Step 7. Homework
Modify the letter.
Teaching plan for unit 4
Period 1 Warming up
Teaching aims: 1) Talk about “Earthquake”
2) Develop students’ speaking abilities
3) Learn to protect nature.
Key points: Lead the students to talk about earthquake and naturalo diasasters.
New words: earthquake; shake; right away; well; rise; crack; pond; pipe; burst; injure; ruin; dirt; destroy; lie in ruins.
Teaching aids: 1) computer 2) tape-recorder 3) projector 4) blackboard
Teaching methods: Task-based Approach; Student-centered Approach
Teaching steps:
Step 1. Greeting
Greet the students as usual.
Step 2. Daily report
Step 3. Lead-in.
1) Talk about the earthquake in Taiwan recently.
Show the vedio about the Taiwan earthquake.
2) Talk about the greatest earquakes in the world.
Step 4. Warming-up
1) Studnets talk about the pictures in warming up.
2) Students imagine the happening after an earthquake.
3) Show the students the pictures of the earthquake , and help the students to describe the pictures.
Step 5. listening ( work-book)
“Why do earthquakes happen?”
new words: Pacific Plate; North American Plate; Indian plate; movement
1) Listen to the tape for the first time and answer the T or F question.
2) Listen to the tape again , then try to fill in the chart.
3) Students talk bout what they’ve learned about the earthquake.
Step 5. Homework
Prepare”Reading
1) Look up the new words. 2)Answer the questions in “Comprehending”
篇5：广东高中必修一文言文精读
广东高中必修一文言文精读
文言文是中国古代的一种书面语言组成的文章，主要包括以先秦时期的口语为基础而形成的书面语。下面为大家分享广东高中必修一文言文，希望同学们认真学习这些文言文。
兰亭集序
魏晋：王羲之
永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也，群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹;又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次，虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅，仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
夫人之相与，俯仰一世，或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内;或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，不知老之将至。及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣，向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化，终期于尽。古人云：“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉!(不知老之将至 一作：曾不知老之将至)
每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔。悲夫!故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。
前赤壁赋
宋代：苏轼
壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下，清风徐来，水波不兴。举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天，纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风，而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽化而登仙。(冯 通：凭)
于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀，望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉;余音袅袅，不绝如缕，舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。
苏子愀然，正襟危坐，而问客曰：“何为其然也?”客曰：“‘月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。’此非曹孟德之诗乎?西望夏口，东望武昌，山川相缪，郁乎苍苍，此非孟德之困于周郎者乎?方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉?况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶之扁舟，举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾，羡长 江之无穷，挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终，知不可乎骤得，托遗响于悲风。”
苏子曰：“客亦知夫水与月乎?逝者如斯，而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之，则物与我皆无尽也，而又何羡乎!且夫天地之间，物各有主，苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取。惟江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭。是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适。”(共适 一作：共食)
客喜而笑，洗盏更酌。肴核既尽，杯盘狼籍。相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白。
游褒禅山记
宋代：王安石
褒禅山亦谓之华山，唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址，而卒葬之；以故其后名之曰“褒禅”。今所谓慧空禅院者，褒之庐冢也。距其院东五里，所谓华山洞者，以其乃华山之阳名之也。距洞百余步，有碑仆道，其文漫灭，独其为文犹可识曰“花山”。今言“华”如“华实”之“华”者，盖音谬也。
其下平旷，有泉侧出，而记游者甚众，所谓前洞也，由山以上五六里，有穴窈然，入之甚寒，问其深，则其好游者不能穷也，谓之后洞，余与四人拥火以入，入之愈深，其进愈难，而其见愈奇，有怠而欲出者，曰：“不出，火且尽。”遂与之俱出。盖余所至，比好游者尚不能十一，然视其左右，来而记之者已少，盖其又深，则其至又加少矣，方是时，余之力尚足以入，火尚足以明也。既其出，则或咎其欲出者，而余亦悔其随之，而不得极夫游之乐也。
于是余有叹焉。古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽，往往有得，以其求思之深而无不在也。夫夷以近，则游者众；险以远，则至者少。而世之奇伟、瑰怪，非常之观，常在于险远，而人之所罕至焉，故非有志者不能至也。有志矣，不随以止也，然力不足者，亦不能至也。有志与力，而又不随以怠，至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之，亦不能至也，然力足以至焉，于人为可讥，而在己为有悔；尽吾志也而不能至者，可以无悔矣，其孰能讥之乎？此余之所得也！
余于仆碑，又以悲夫古书之不存，后世之谬其传而莫能名者，何可胜道也哉！此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也。
四人者：庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父、安上纯父。
至和元年七月某日，临川王某记。
篇6：高中必修4unit5教案
高中必修4unit5教案
I. 单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
Talk about different types of theme parks in different cultures
Show people around a place and give directions
Study word formation
Write an introduction to a place with detailed explanations
II. 目标语言
功能句式
Expressions used to show people around a place
We are happy to show you ...
Over there is the ...
Down the path you can see ...
The main idea/ theme in the park is ...
You will enjoy doing/ seeing ...
Expressions used to ask the way and give directions
Can/ Could you show me where ... is?
Can/ Could you tell me the way to ... ?
How can we get to ... ?
How far is/ are the ...?
You can reach ... by bus/ subway/ ...
Go along/ down ... and turn left/ right at the ... crossing.
It is just behind/ next to/ opposite the ... , you can’t miss it.
It is about ... minutes’ walk/ bus ride.
It is about ... meters away.
词汇
1． 四会词汇
theme, amusement, various, variety, rides, equipment, experiment, advance, advanced, technique, test, cloth, Brazil, jungle, creature, up-to-date, excitement, volunteer, jungle, sneaker, admission, outing, shuttle, brand, advanced
2． 认读词汇
roller coaster, fantasyland, imaginary, imagination, vary, Futuroscope, mysterious, T-Rex combination
3． 词组
No wonder, in advance, get close to, come to life,
结构 Word Formation
III. 教材分析和教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以Theme parks 为话题，旨在通过本单元的教学，使学生了解分散于世界各地的各种各样的主题公园，学会向别人介绍某个景点的大体情况，以及计划各项活动，同时培养学生对世界及生活的热爱。
1.1 Warming up通过向学生呈现四个风格各异的世界著名主题公园，激发学生学习本单元的兴趣。
1.2 Pre-reading 通过学生对主题公园里活动的想象，交流了解主题公园的有关知识。
1.3 Reading 通过介绍世界各地形式各异的.主题公园概况，使学生了解风格迥异的各国主题公园。
1.4 Comprehending 让学生从文章的标题及各段大意来整体理解课文。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。
Discovering useful words and expressions 中的练习1是以给出意思写出相对应词汇的形式考查对文章中重要词汇及短语的理解。练习2 是以短文填词完型的形式考查对练习1中词汇的运用。练习4则以完成句子的形式考查学生对get/ be closer to这一短语不同意义及用法的准确运用。
Discovering useful structures 是通过填表格的练习方式向学生呈现英语词汇不同的构词法（合成及派生）。
1.6 Using Language 分为四个部分练习听、说、读、写。
1) Listening练习听力可配合Listening on P69 in Workbook及Listening Task on P73 进行。
2） Reading and speaking这是一篇泛读文章，介绍更新奇的主题公园（观察未来）。然后让学生练习朗读课文的第二段，注意个别特殊的发音方式。接着把（观察未来）公园的各项活动性质归类及解释理由。然后根据自己对文章的理解为该主题公园绘制一张地图。最后分别说出（观察未来）主题公园会让你体验到的三种时间及空间的经历。
3） Writing要求介绍某一主题公园的概况，包括种类，方位，各活动项目及门票收费。
4） Speaking根据所准备的公园概况介绍写一段
对话，作为导游回答一位正在游览公园的朋友对公园情况的一些询问。
2. 教材重组
2.1 因本教材重点强调的是阅读能力，故将Warming-up, Reading, Comprehending合在一起设计成一节“精读课”。
2.2 Learning about Language, Using Structures 和Workbook中的Using words and expressions, Using structures合在一起,设计成一节“语法课”（既有词汇又有语法）。
2.3 将Using Language 中的Listening, Workbook 中的Listening 和Listening task 整合成一节“听力课”。
2.4 将Reading and speaking，Workbook 中的Reading task整合为一节“泛读课”，旨在从整体上理解课文，作为对本单元话题“主题公园”的知识扩充。
2.5 将Speaking, Workbook 中的Talking 和Speaking task整合为一节“口语课”。
2.6 将Using Language 中的Writing和Workbook中的Writing task 整合成一节“写作课”。
3. 课型设计与设时分配（经教材分析，根据学情，本单元可以用六个课时教完。）
1st period Intensive Reading
2nd period Language Study
3rd period Listening
4th period Extensive Reading
5th period Speaking
6th period Writing
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Intensive Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
theme park, provide ... with ... , amuse oneself, various, a variety of, shuttle, charge ... for, admission, make a profit, souvenir, base on, involve ... in, athletic, brand, equipment, sneakers, come to life, minority, fantasy, get close to, settlers, take an active part in, experiment, advanced, technique
b． 重点句子
As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.
With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to know something about the various theme parks all over the world, to understand the difference between a theme park and a traditional park and try to finish the comprehending exercises.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Learn how to generalize and compare the similarities and differences.
Teaching important points 教学重点
To solve the questions in Comprehending, and let the students find out the main idea of each paragraph, give a summary of the text.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to give a general instruction/ description of a place.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening;
Skimming;
Scanning;
Task-based.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder and a computer.
Teaching procedures && ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
T: Good morning/ afternoon, boys and girls! First let’s have a dictation about the words and phrases in Unit 4. Take out a piece of paper, please.
major, local, represent, Columbia, introduce, approach, touch, strange, express, be likely to, general, avoid spoken, misunderstand, punish, at ease
T: Now, hand in your paper please; I’ll check your work after class.
Step II Warming up
T: Let’s look at the pictures on P33. Try to match the names of the parks with the pictures. Can you guess which are parks and which are theme parks?
T: Which one of these parks would you like to visit most if you have the chance?
Sa: Of course I would go to Disneyland. I have watched so much about it on TV and I’ve been dreaming about shaking hands with those lovely cartoon characters and taking pictures with them.
Sb: I would like to go to Waterpark, because I like swimming and I like to take part in the activities in water in this park.
…
Step III Reading
Skimming
T: It’s interesting to listen to your ideas. Today we are going to study a passage about theme parks. The title is THEME PARKS—FUN AND MORE THAN FUN. I would like you to read the passage quickly for the first time to get a general idea of the passage. At the same time, please find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
(3 minutes later)
T: Have you got the main idea of the passage? Who can tell me the topic sentences of six paragraphs?
Topic sentences
Paragraph 1. Different kinds of theme parks.
Paragraph 2. Disneyland.
Paragraph 3. Dollywood
Paragraph 4. England’s Camelot Park
Scanning
T: After the first reading, we have all got a general idea of the passage. So I would like you to read it carefully again and try to find the answers to these detailed questions.
Teacher shows the questions on the screen.
1. What is the purpose of Dollywood? What kind of people do you think will visits this theme park?
2. What do you know about ancient English stories? What other activities do you imagine there are at Camelot Park?
3. Disneyland is a place to have fun. What will you do if you have a chance to visit Disneyland ?
4. If you have a chance to visit one of these three parks, which will you visit ? Why?
suggested answers
1. The purpose of Dolly wood is to show and celebrate America’s traditional southeastern culture. Probably a lot of Americans will visit this theme park.
2-4 students will give their own answers.
Step V Discussion
T: If you have enough time and money, would you like to go traveling to see the natural beauty of the country or go the theme parks to enjoy the exciting experiences? Give reasons for your choice.
a) Teacher divides the class into groups of four. Each group tries to reach an agreement and to collect as many reasons as possible from the group members.
b) After the discussion, the teacher asks a student from each of the groups to report the decision of their group and to give their reasons for the decision.
Step VI Homework
Remember all the new words and phrases in the reading passage.
Write a summary of the reading passage using the new words.
The second period Listening
Teaching goals
1. Target language
cloth, Marine Land theme park, dolphins, polar bears, do tricks, a roller coaster, dugout
2. Ability goals
Enable the students to master the skill of listening for information.
3. Learning ability goals
Help the students learn how to get the skills of listening.
Teaching important points
Listen to the three materials about customs, Sea World and building a dugout boat and answer the questions correctly.
Teaching difficult points
Listen and get the needed information to complete the exercises.
Teaching methods
Listening and cooperative learning.
Teaching aids I
A recorder, a cassette tape and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways
Step I Revision
Check the students' homework.
Step II Listening (Page37 and 38)
Students are asked to read questions to find out the requirements first, and then listen to the tape three times to complete the matching exercises and answer the eight questions.
T: Please open your books and turn to Page37. Before you listen to the tape, read the requirements and keep them in mind. Pay attention to the important information while listening and you'd better take some notes of it.
T: Different countries have different cultures. Different na?tional groups have different customs too. In Part 1, we are going to hear about the customs of some national groups. Now let's listen to the recording and try to match each group to an example of its customs.
Students listen to the recording for the first time.
T: Have you got the answers? Let' s check.
Check the answers together.
T: Let's listen to the tape again and answer the questions in
Part 2. You may listen to it twice. Students listen to the recording for another two times. Check the answers to the questions by asking some stu?dents to answer them.
Step III Listening (Page69)
T: Let's come to the Listening on Page 69. Here we are going to listen to David Evens and Ji Yang who are visiting the Sea World.
T: Have you ever been to Sea World?
Ss: Yes.
T: What can you do in Sea World?
Ss: We can feed the dolphins.
We can play with the polar bears.
We can watch sea animals do performances.
We can go diving to see fish.
We can see learn about the different kinds of fish and seaweed.
We can go surfing on the sea.
T: Good. Let' s listen to the recording about the Sea World in Australia. After listening, tick the item in the list of what people can do in this park. Are you ready? Let's go. Students listen to the recording for the first time and finish the exercise.
T: Have you got the answers? Let's check. Teacher checks the answers with the whole class.
T: Let' s listen to the tape again and try to answer the questions in Part 3. Please read the questions first.
T: Ok. Let's keep these three questions in mind and try to find the answers while listening. Are you ready? Let's go! Play the tape again, and then check the answers to the questions by asking some students to answer them.
Step IV Listening Task (Page73)
T: Let's turn to Page 73 and go on to do the Listening Task here. For this task, we are going to learn how to build a dugout boat and how to make a house of palm leaves. Are you interested in making things by yourselves?
Ss: Yes.
T: Great! You will be able to do it after doing the listening.
T: Let's find out how to build a dugout boat first. While listening, you need to pay attention to the materials you need, the steps, the method of making a person sit in it, and the method of making the boat easily go through the sea. Are you clear about what to do now? Let' s listen.
Students listen to the recording for two or three times and fill in the table in Part 1.
T: Have you got all this information? Let' s check.
Teacher checks the answers by asking some students to read out their answers.
T: Now, we come to the building of a house of palm leaves. While listening, we need to pay attention to the method of joining the palm leaves, the number of areas for sides, how to join the sides of the house together, the number of areas for the roof, and how to join the roof to walls. With this five questions in mind, let's begin listening.
Students listen to the recording for two or three times and complete the chart in Part 2.
T: Have you got the information to complete the second column of the chart? Let' s check the answers together.
Teachers checks the answers with the whole class.
Step V Homework
Do the listening again after class.
Preview Reading and speaking, Reading task.
The third period Grammar
Compound
1. 合成名词
(1) n+n
air conditioner 空调
blood pressure 血压
income tax 所得税
credit card 信用卡
(2) adj + n
central bank 中央银行
fast food 快餐
solar system 太阳系
remote control 遥控
(3) v-ing +另一词
washing machine 洗衣机
driving license 驾驶执照
(4) 其他方式
by-product 副产品
editor-in-chief 主编
2. 合成形容词
(1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。
absent-minded 心不在焉的
grey-haired 头发灰白的
(2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成
long-suffering 长期受苦的
far-reaching 深远的(影响)
3. 合成动词及合成副词
water-ski 滑冰
overeat 吃得太多
baby-sit 看孩子
empty-handed 一无所获的
Derivation: add letters to the beginning or the end of a word.
1) 前缀:
(1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear
(2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect, impossible, irregular,
(3) un-: unhappy, unable, unfit,
(4) non-: nonstop, nonverbal (非语言的)
(5) re-: rewrite, review
2) 后缀:
(1) 构成名词：-er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th.
buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth
(2) 构成形容词: -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less
national, American, careful,
exciting, cloudy, useless
(3) 构成动词: -fy, -is (z)e:
beautify, realize
(4) 构成副词: -ly:
badly
(5) 构成数词: -teen, -ty, -th
thirteen, sixty, twelfth
Conversion: change the part of speech of a word.
篇7：广东版必修3：《荷花淀》教案
广东版必修3：《荷花淀》精品教案
《荷花淀》教学设计 【教学目标】 1．了解孙犁的创作风格和创作成就。 2．掌握小说鉴赏的基本方法，准确分析小说的人物、情节、环境及主题。 3．鉴赏小说精彩语言。 【教学重难点】分析、鉴赏小说语言。 【课时安排】两课时 【教学过程】 第一课时 一、 初读。学生预习。 二、 再读。检查学生预习情况，引导学生深入思考。 1．分析小说人物。 →问：小说写了哪些人物？ 明确：水生、水生嫂、一群青年妇女。 →追问：谁是主角？ 明确：以水生嫂为代表的一群年轻妇女。 →再追问：作者为什么要选择这样一群连名字都没有的人做小说的主角？ 明确：视角独特，四两拨千斤。 可联系《药》做同类思考：为了表现革命者的悲哀，作者不仅描写了群众对夏瑜的不理解，更侧重表现了亲人对夏瑜的'不理解。 2．分析小说情节。 →问：小说写了什么情节？ （学生自由发言） →追问：按照什么线索组织的？ 明确：以时间的推移为线索安排情节: （月亮升起来）月下编席──（很晚）夫妻话别──（鸡叫的时候）（第二天）送夫杀敌──（过了两天）探夫──（快到晌午）遇险──（正午）助夫杀敌──（这一年秋季）（冬天）参加战斗 →再追问：总体上来说，这就是一场抗日斗争。想想这篇小说与其他描写抗战题材的小说有什么不同？（以电视剧启发亦可） 明确：一提到战争，我们脑海里马上便会出现炮火连天、硝烟弥漫、血肉横飞等等的场面，而这篇小说写到的战争在现实中更多了几分浪漫。 *孙犁及荷花淀派（诗体小说）的风格：淡雅清新的诗情画意+朴素浓郁的乡土气息 3．分析小说环境。 →问：小说写了哪些环境？ （学生回答） →追问：各自写出了环境的什么特点？ （学生回答） →再追问：这些环境在小说中起到了什么作用？ 明确：小说中的环境描写大致有如下5种作用，可结合具体情况具体分析： （1） 介绍背景 （2） 渲染气氛 （3） 烘托人物 （4） 推动情节 （5） 暗示象征 第二课时 （承上） 三、 细读。 一篇小说的阅读如果到此为止，只能称之为“牛饮”，如同将香茗陈酿一饮而尽，实在暴殄天物，好的小说须细细品味，如何品出一篇小说的妙处？下面以《荷花淀》为例，带大家一同去领略。 1．品好段 →问：文章中几个青年妇女一起商量探夫，虽然没人只说了一句话，但人物性格已经跃然纸上。你能否读出他们不同的个性呢？（给出五个选择项:：聪明机智、爽朗坦率、谨慎稳重、性急冒失、害羞忸怩） 明确：“听说他们还在这里没走，我不拖尾巴，可是忘下了一件衣裳”。�D�D明明是想丈夫，又不好意思直说，于是找个借口，感情表达得委婉含蓄。（聪明机智） “我有句要紧的话得和他说说”�D�D这位大嫂与前一个一样，也说得很含蓄，不说自己想念丈夫，而是找借口，说有要紧的话。 （爽朗坦率） “听他说，鬼子要在同口安据点”……�D�D水生嫂的话提醒她们途中不安全，为下文伏笔，显示了她谨慎、稳重的性格，考虑问题比较周密。 （谨慎稳重） “哪里就碰得那么巧？我们快去快回来。”�D�D可见她探夫心切，不顾一切，有点冒冒失失。 （性急冒失） “我本来不想去，可是俺婆婆非叫我再去看看他�D�D有什么看头啊！”�D�D这位大嫂羞羞答答，“犹抱琵琶半遮面”，假话里寓有真情。（害羞忸怩） →举一反三：夫妻话别的段落也同样精彩，请大家课后品味。倘若是另外一对不同性格的夫妻，在同样的场景下，他们的对话会是怎样的呢？请根据你想象中的人物性格，重新设计一段对话。 2．品佳句 →问：文章中两次描写到了水声，一次写：“船两边的水，哗，哗，哗。”一次写：“水在两旁大声地哗哗，哗哗，哗哗哗！”你读出有什么不同了吗？ 明确：前者用水声表现出的是宁静悠闲，后者从水声中可以读出紧张的气氛。 →举一反三：这样的佳句在文中随处可见，请细读文章，加以品析。 3．品妙词 →问“女人们到底有些藕断丝连。”作者为什么不用“牵肠挂肚”、“朝思暮想”等词语？ 明确：富有地方色彩。 →举一反三：这样的妙词在文中也是屡见不鲜，请细读文章，加以品析。 4．品标点 →问：就连标点，也充满了作者的智慧和匠心。大家可以将一些句子里面的标点进行替换，仔细体会。（请同学朗读）例如：你走，我不拦你。家里怎么办？将中间的“。”替换为“，”“！”“……”“？”等，你能体会出使用不同标点时人物性格的差别吗？ →举一反三：你能发现其他有深意的标点吗？请细读文章，加以品析。 四、回顾。 课后作业：请再次品读《荷花淀》，就你发现的好段、佳句、妙词或者神奇的标点，写一段评析的文字篇8：广东版必修2：《赤壁赋》教案
广东版必修2：《赤壁赋》精品教案
《赤壁赋》教学设计 一、教材分析： 《赤壁赋》一文属文赋，文质兼美，音韵和谐，乃苏轼之传世名篇。尽管文章抒发的情感，反映的思想有些深奥，但文章在诵读、鉴赏、审美等各方面，均可视作古代散文的经典。同时，体悟文章的精美高妙，对培养学生学习文言文的兴趣，体会作者豁达的胸襟，提升学生的文学素养乃至综合素养，有很大的帮助。 二、学生分析： 高一的学生，经过了较长时间的文言文学习，积累了一定的文言基础知识，能够基本阅读浅显的文言文。同时，由于前面已经学习过《阿房宫赋》，对赋体文章的特点也有了一定的了解。但以往强调文言基础知识的内容较多，对文言文整体阅读和感悟的较少，学生把文言文看成枯燥语言知识的积累，缺乏对文言文，尤其是优秀的古代散文的美感认知和情感体悟，所以要在这些方面加以强化。 三�p设计思想： 文言文的学习要重视学生的自主阅读，因此，应该把朗读、背诵贯穿到文言文教学过程之中，让学生在这一过程中从整体上把握文章内容，加深对作者情感的体悟。文言文教学要重视文言字词的积累和句式的把握，但也不能仅停留在字词句的解释上，文言文也要上出人文情感，让学生在阅读的过程中感受中国传统文化精华，体验作者的人生感受并在情感上与之产生共鸣。调动学生积极性，让学生参与到教学活动过程中，发挥他们的主体作用。这篇赋文质兼美，在景、情、理交融之中蕴含着作者乐观旷达的人生态度。在教学过程中应引导学生积极思考，结合文本深入探讨，以竞赛�p交流、讨论的形式将学生对作者人生态度的理解引向更深的层面。 四、学习目标： 1．把握文赋特点。 2．熟读成诵，增加文言知识积累，积淀文言语感。 3．诵读、品味、鉴赏课文精美的语言。 4．体会课文景、情、理交融的特点，结合作者的处境，体验作者的情感，理解作者的人生感悟。 （说明：把握文赋的有关特点，注意掌握节奏快慢和音调高低，有助于更好地进行诵读；而通过有感情的诵读有助于进一步的品味鉴赏课文的语言，体会作者遣词用字的妙处；体会作者通过精妙的语言描绘动人的情境，抒发情感，表达人生感悟。这些目标体现散文鉴赏方法的指导，也要求学生对作者思想情感有较深的体会和感悟，从而提升学生的文学素养。） 五、学习难点和重点： 1．品味、鉴赏课文精美的语言 2．背诵课文 3．体会文章景、情、理交融的特点，通过主客问答手法所表现的旷达的情怀。 六、教学方法：竞赛法、诵读法、讨论法 七、教学手段：多媒体课件 八、课时安排：三课时 九、教学过程与内容 （一）学生课前预习1．阅读课文注释及南方出版社出版的教辅《优化设计》，落实文言字词句知识，初步理解文章思想内容。 2．给学生提出诵读指导建议，让学生在理解文意的基础上熟读并争取背诵课文（我们为语文学习建立了公共邮箱，利用公共邮箱给学生发送指导资料）： ⑴读出韵律。赋体押韵如“望�p章�p江”，“焉�p间�p天�p然�p仙”等 ⑵读出重音。如“舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇”，动词重读；“哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷”，“挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终”，韵字重读；“而今安在哉”“而又何羡乎”疑问词重读。 ⑶读出节奏。如：况/吾与子//渔樵于///江渚之上，盖将/自其变者//而观之。 ⑷读出气势。如“方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，（停顿较小，语速较快）舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗（节奏一致，语速舒缓）固一世之雄也，（停顿较大，气势豪迈）而今安在哉？（情感急转，缓慢低沉）”。 ⑸读出情感。如：“举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章”。（乐）“其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉”。（悲）“江上之清风，与山间之明月……而吾与子所共适”。（旷达）“相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白”。（洒脱） ⑹根据文赋对仗特点背诵相关句子。⑺根据文赋押韵特点背诵句子。⑻理清文章层次�p情感变化在理解的基础上背诵（如明确客之三悲�p苏子二论及议论层次的转换。）⑼重点记忆关于风月的句子。（前人称《赤壁赋》“以江山风月作骨”。“风月”，描写之主景，抒情之触媒，议论之载体。把握住上列句子，也就把握住了背诵全赋之骨。） （二）第一课时 1．导入新课： 林语堂曾这样评价过一位古人：“一个不可救药的乐天派，一个伟大的人道主义者，一个百姓的'朋友，一个大文豪，大书法家，创新的画家，造酒试验家，一个工程师，一个憎恨清教徒主义的人，一个瑜珈修行者，佛教徒，巨儒教育家，一个皇帝的秘书，酒仙，厚道的法官，一位专唱反调的人，一个月夜徘徊者，一个诗人，一个小丑。……” ――《苏东坡传・序》（投影展示） 这里描述的是谁？他是一个什么样的人？他就是苏轼，一个曾自嘲说：“问汝平生功业,黄州惠州儋州”的人。然而，恰恰是黄州成就了他，使他在文学上“成熟”了。在这里，他的《念奴娇赤壁怀古》�p前后《赤壁赋》等名篇光耀千古。 2．简介苏轼及其创作《赤壁赋》的背景： 文“三苏”“八大家”“欧苏”，诗“苏黄”，词“苏辛”，书“宋四家” “乌台诗案”后，苏轼被贬到黄州做团练副使。这对苏轼来说是一个莫大的打可对中国文艺来说实在是一件值得庆幸的事，因为这段时间苏轼的创作达到了巅峰。《念奴娇赤壁怀古》，前后《赤壁赋》。 3．回顾“赋”的文体知识。（随机请学生回答相关问题） 4．检查预习效果：（各组间比赛，男女生比赛，激发学生积极性） ⑴按课本段落，要求四个自然组的学生分别齐声朗读课文，看哪个小组读音准，情感变化把握得好。 （听朗读示范录音，正字音，指导学生注意语气语调�p节奏快慢�p情感变化） ⑵检查男生对文言字词句知识的把握。 （通假字�p多义词�p词类活用�p古今异义词�p文言句式） ⑶检查女生对文章内容的理解。明确各段内容，概括各段段意：（按《优化》提示，可将课本最后一段“客喜而笑……”另作一段） 明确： 第一段，写作者游赤壁的情景，展示诗情画意的境界：清风明月交织，露珠和水色辉映。 第二段，写作者饮酒放歌的欢乐和客人悲凉的箫声。 第三段，写客人感慨人生短促无常的悲观情绪。 第四段，写作者丢开个人的愁怀，欣赏大自然美妙风光和豁达开朗的心情。 第五段，写客人转悲为喜，主客开怀畅饮，兴尽入睡。 5．分析第一段： ⑴情景设置：配乐，展示苏子泛赤壁的画面；学生朗读课文。 （说明：文章第一段描写夜游赤壁的情景，展现了一幅优美的秋江夜游图。将学生的思维带进泛舟游赤壁的优美意境之中） ⑵本段以写景为主，请学生找出写景的句子并朗读。 写景的三组对偶句――清风徐来，水波不兴。月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天。 ⑶四人小组讨论，形成一个整体画面，用优美的语言将这个画面描述出来。请一个学生描述。 ⑷这样的美景使泛舟者产生了怎样的心理感受？（朗读出来） （浩浩乎如冯虚御风，而不知其所止，飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽化而登仙。）（乐） ⑸教师指导学生运用抓重点句子法和想象画面法背诵第一段。（目的在于使学生在诵读中加深体验） （三）第二课时 1．面对同样的明月清风、良宵美景，主与客的感情有何不同？让学生齐读第三段（主乐客悲。）作者的好心情是怎样发生变化的? ⑴找出表现苏子快乐的句子，朗读并背诵。 乐――饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀，望美人兮天一方。” ⑵客之悲是通过什么表现出来的？（洞箫声――其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。）展示客吹洞箫的画面。 ⑶在欢快的音乐声中，男生读“苏子乐”的内容，之后哀怨伤感的洞箫声响起，女生读“客悲”的内容。 ⑷第二段由乐到悲，营造一种主客间箫歌互答、悲喜交集的境界。承上启下，引出主客对答。 2．全班齐声诵读第三段。 客面对明月清风、良宵美景，奏出充满悲哀的音乐，他之所以要“托遗响于悲风”，其缘由是什么？（用文中的句子回答，再加以概括） 明确：①无枝可依② 英雄安在③人生无常 （悲） 3．在优美的音乐中全班齐声诵读第四段。 ⑴针对“客”所发出的人生悲叹，苏子是如何说服“客”的? （请学生回答） （即事而议，自然之理） 明确：①从“变与不变”的角度来阐发观点。从“不变”的角度来看，人生是可以永恒存在的。②从“物各有主”来提出要顺其自然。（说明：锻炼学生筛选信息和归纳概括的能力。适时加以点拨。） ⑵这是一种怎样的人生观？（乐观旷达的人生观。） 4．末段既照应了开头超然欲仙的快乐，又体现出充分的哲学思考后真正的超越。（全班齐读，读出感情）（乐） 5．板书 赤 壁 赋 苏轼 景（乐―山水之乐）――情（悲）――理（乐―达观之乐） 情因景生 景以情显即景而议 由情入理 6．布置课后背诵课文 （四）第三课时 1．检查背诵效果 2．引导学生讨论分析文章的艺术特色： ⑴《赤壁赋》“以文为赋”的美学特征：骈散结合 本文既保留了传统赋体的那种诗的特质与情韵，同时又吸取了散文的笔调和手法，打破了赋在句式、声律的对偶等方面的束缚，更多是散文的成分，使文章兼具诗歌的深致情韵，又有散文的透辟理念。特别宜于诵读，并且极富声韵之美，体现了韵文的长处。 ⑵形象优美，善于取譬 如连用的五个比喻，渲染了箫声的悲凉，将抽象而不易捉摸的声音诉诸读者的视觉和听觉，写得具体可感，效果极佳。 ⑶情�p景�p理融为一体： 全文融景、情、理于一炉。景则水月流光，情则哀乐相生，理则物我相适。其间杂以呜呜箫音，悠悠古事。体物写志，不离眼前景；议论、抒情又不囿于眼前景。真的是：情因景生，景以情显，由情入理。 ⑷主客对答的辞赋篇9：广东版必修2：《再别康桥》教案
广东版必修2：《再别康桥》精品教案
《再别康桥》教学设计 教学目标: 知识目标：了解徐志摩的生平、创作。 能力目标：从意象入手，鉴赏本诗意境之美，理解徐志摩作品的风格。 情感、道德、价值观目标：体会徐志摩在诗中表现的特别的心绪感受。 教学重点、难点： 从意象入手，鉴赏本诗意境之美，体会作者的心绪。 教学课时： 1课时 教学过程： 一、导入 中国是诗的国度，《诗经》、《楚辞》流传千古，唐诗宋词，名家辈出。从五四到现在，新诗也走过了将近一个世纪的历程。可是有人却说，中国现当代诗坛只有一个半诗人。尽管这种评价太偏激了，却也可以看出这一个半诗人在中国诗坛的分量。他们是谁呢？一个是徐志摩，半个是何其芳。 徐志摩(1896-1931)，中国诗人、散文家，留学美国时改字志摩，小字又申。笔名有南湖、云中鹤等。浙江海宁人。19赴英国留学，入伦敦剑桥大学当特别生，研究政治经济学。在剑桥两年深受西方教育的熏陶及欧美浪漫主义和唯美派诗人的影响。1921年开始创作新诗， 1931年11月19日，由南京乘飞机到北平，因遇雾在济南附近触山，机坠身亡。 徐志摩是中国新诗史上一位杰出的诗人，新月诗派的代表人物。我们今天就来赏析徐志摩的经典诗作《再别康桥》。 二、整体把握 1.学生朗读全诗。 正音正字，投影： 河畔（pàn） 青荇（xìn�溃� 长蒿（�括�o） 漫溯（sù） 笙箫（xiāo） 2.学生讨论：每一首好诗都能引起读者不同的共鸣，你读了这首诗有什么感受？ 3.交流体验：说出读了诗之后的直接感受。 引导学生从感情、语言、节奏、诗歌的形式等方面挖掘诗歌的美。 4.学生再次朗诵全诗。 三、鉴赏文本 1.老师范读。 2.鉴赏《再别康桥》中的经典诗句――第一、七两小节。 ① 第一节在全诗中起什么作用？ 明确：第一节透露难分难舍的离情，给全诗定下欲走还留的基调。 ②第一、七节中最有特色的诗句是哪些？为什么？ 明确：“轻轻”、“悄悄”这些叠词的运用，舒缓语气，使诗句有轻盈的弹跳感，富有音韵美，表达恋恋不舍的深情。 ③讨论：第一节和第四节形式相同，内容相似，能否调换？为什么？ 明确：不能。第一节说“我走了”，“作别西天的云彩”，是为引出下文难分难舍的离情，欲走还留。作者用“作别西边的云彩”一句，让西天的彩霞给了我们一个印象，为后面的描写布下一笔绚丽的色彩，所有景色都是夕阳映照下的景物。第七节说“我走了”，“不带走一片云彩”，是说作者欲留还走，终于离开。这是一段完整的离别的过程，所以一、七节不能调换位置。 3．从第一节到第7节，作者的情感经历了怎样的变化？结合具体语句分析。 明确：第1节，连用三个“轻轻的”，实写只身悄悄来到和离开康桥时的情景，同时透露了难分难舍的离情，并且以轻微跳跃的节奏，衬托了缓步飘然而去的'形象，给全诗定下抒情的基调。 第2节，写岸边柳树倒影在康河里的情景，浸透诗人无限欢喜和眷恋的感情。 第3节，写康河的水草，道出了诗人对康桥永久的恋情。 第4节，写榆树下的青潭。诗人融情人景，将留恋全都融入康桥的风光中。 第5节，诗人感情达到了高潮。他幻想着撑一杆长篙，泛舟到青草更青处寻他“彩虹似的梦”，“向星辉斑斓里”放声高歌。 第6节，诗人由幻想回到现实。悄悄吹奏别离的签萧，在沉默中体味别离的惆怅。诗境依旧复归和沉浸于寂然。 第7节，跟开头呼应。“云彩”本来是不能带走的，然而诗人却说“不带走一片云彩”。这种夸张手法，表露出诗人不愿惊动他心爱的康桥的一片情意。这里，节奏相同，但以词句的变换融入更多的不得不离去的哀愁。至此，诗人把对康桥的“浓得化不开”的感情，于“沉默”、“轻轻”、“悄悄”中表现了出来。 ①第二节主要用了什么修辞手法？有什么作用？ 明确：将“河畔的金柳”大胆地想象为“夕阳中的新娘”，用的手法是比拟，使无生命的景语化作有生命的活物，温润可人。 ②把“金柳”换成“青柳”好不好？为什么？ 明确：不好。落日熔金，夕阳给柳树抹上一层金色，而且水波也泛着金光。作者选择了柳树的这一时刻来加以描绘，颜色艳丽，形象新颖，给人留下深刻的印象。 全诗描绘了白色的“云彩”、“青荇”、“柔波”、黄色的“星辉”等景物，展现出一副清新亮丽的画面，给读者视觉上的想象。 ③把“新娘”换成“姑娘”好不好？为什么？ 明确：不好。古诗里“柳”谐音“留”，有惜别的意思。柳树就像妩媚娇美的姑娘，而作者把康河边的柳树比作新娘――少女一生中最美最高贵的时刻，连影子都是灿烂的。由此可见康桥在徐志摩心中的地位。他把剑桥视为他的家园。而艳影“在我的心头荡漾”，把牵挂之情表现得非常形象。 【资料1：19徐志摩远渡重洋，从美国到英国研究文学，攻读博士学位。在剑桥大学以一个“特别生”的资格随意选修听课，度过了一年多悠闲的日子。同时又深受英国资产阶级民主政治和制度的影响，形成了资产阶级绅士兼诗人的气质。他说：“我的眼是康桥教睁的，我的求知欲是康桥拨动的，我的自我意识是康桥给我胚胎。” 资料2：至性至情的徐志摩，先后有三位女子走进他的内心（原配夫人张幼仪、美丽少女林徽音、再配夫人陆小曼）。1920年，徐志摩在剑桥大学邂逅了林徽音。两人在此相恋相处一年多，因而康河的柔波里一定也映照过他们浪漫的并肩同游的身影。】 4.作者把康桥视为自己的精神家园，全诗哪些地方体现了这一点？请举例。 明确 ：第三节。“软泥上的青荇，油油的在水底招摇”，写康桥对“我”的柔情，“招摇”二字可谓神采之笔。既暗示了康河水之清澈，又暗示了水在流动。只有水动，青荇才会“招摇”。既写青荇又写河水，相得益彰。所以“招摇”有抒情上的妙处，更有写景上的妙处。第四节“彩虹似的梦”，第五节“放歌”等。 四、课堂小结 全诗共七节，几乎每一节都包含一个可以画得出的画面。如向西天的云彩轻轻招手作别，河畔的金柳倒映在康河里摇曳多姿；康河水底的水草在招摇着似乎有话对诗人说……作者通过动作性很强的词语，如“招手”、“荡漾”、“招摇”、“揉碎”、“漫溯”和“挥一挥”等，使每一幅画都富有流动的画面美，给人以立体感。 作者以再别康桥时欲走还留、欲留还走的感情起伏为线索，抒发了快乐与惆怅交织的依依惜别的深情 。《再别康桥》是20世纪中国最出色的一首别离诗，犹如一首轻柔优美的小夜曲。诗人的自由天性、潇洒飘逸的风格与康桥宁静优美的自然风景融会成了别具一格的诗境之美。篇10：广东版必修2：《逍遥游》教案
广东版必修2：《逍遥游》（精品教案）
《逍遥游》教学设计 【教学目的】通过本文的学习，了解庄子及庄子的思想，学会读老庄的书；在现代社会乐观地生活；适当掌握一些文言的虚词实词句式等。 【教学方法】填鸭式、讨论式、自助餐式。 【教学时数】2课时。 【教学步骤】 【导入】 前一篇，我们学了林觉民的《与妻书》，感受了先烈为天下人谋永福的崇高信念和牺牲精神。我们或许应该思考，人活着，刻苦学习努力工作，主要是为追求幸福。而人有两面，社会人和自然人；那么这幸福体现为两面：一、作为社会人的幸福；二、作为自然人的幸福。 作为社会人的幸福：为国为民为集体为社会，奉献力量，实现兼善之志；作为自然人：追求个体幸福与感受，为自己而活，活给自己看，时时舒展自己，独立的幸福体验。孔子曾问弟子之志，其他人都要治国安民，只有曾点说：“莫春者,春服既成；冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏而归。”夫子喟然叹曰:“吾与点也!”这一叹，叹出了孔子心灵深处的梦――做一个治世的自由自在的人，于是那个名叫金人瑞的改名叫金圣叹了。冯友兰的《人生境界》谈到人生的四种境界――主要侧重于社会人的角度来看；老庄的作品则是抛开社会人的那面幸福而谈自然人的幸福――而这一点，正是我们的教材和德育工作中十分欠缺的。 李白曾写过一首述志诗： 上李邕 大鹏一日同风起，抟摇直上九万里。 假令风歇时下来，犹能簸却沧溟水。 在诗中，李白以冲天而起的大鹏自比，表示自己志大才高，气魄非凡；即令时运不好，也决不屈服，表现了一种睥睨一切，虽败不馁的英雄气概。李清照词中亦有“九万里风鹏正举”的豪放之语。岳飞取表字“鹏举”。人们用“鹏抟”（喻指人的奋发有为）、“大展鹏图”（“鹏图”形容人的宏大志向）、“鹏程万里”（“鹏程”比喻人的远大前程）互相祝愿着，传达着不平凡的志向。“鹏”这个意象正是来源于庄子的《逍遥游》，今天，我们就学习庄子的这篇《逍遥游》。 一、了解庄子的散文的价值 庄子的散文在先秦诸子中具有独特的风格。大量采用并虚构寓言故事，善用比喻，想象奇特，最富于浪漫主义色彩。 鲁迅先生说：“其文则汪洋辟阂，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也。”（《汉文学史纲要》）郭沫若也说：“以思想家而兼文章家的人，在中国古代哲人中，实在是绝无仅有。”（《庄子与鲁迅》），我们将通过学习《逍遥游》一课，来体会庄子散文的特点。 二、对文章字词句的疏通 （一）字词 1．字音识记：鲲、抟、谐、坳、徙、冥、阏、沮、枋、�`、舂、朔、泠、蒿、翱、恶、发、知、决、数数、�{、蟪、蜩 2．通假现象：冥通“溟”； �{通“餐”；反通“返” ；知通“智” ；辩通“辨” ；而通“能”； 辩通“变”； 有通“又”，反通“返”。 3．虚词、实词 怒而飞（怒：奋发） 志怪者也（志：记载） 去以六月息者也（去：离开；以：凭借）则风斯在下矣（斯：则，就） 莫之夭阏者（夭阏：阻塞） 之九万里（之：到……去） 之二虫（之：这） 众人匹之（匹：相比） 彼且奚适（奚：哪里） 是鸟也（是：这） 抟扶摇（抟：环旋着往上飞） 置杯焉则胶（置：安放；胶：粘着地） 而后乃今陪风（陪：凭） 而后乃今将图南（图：计划，打算） 适百里（适：往） 以久特闻（特：独） 穷发之北（发：毛，指草木） 恶乎待哉（恶：何；待：凭借）4．词类活用 ⑴水击三千里（水：名词作状语，在水面上） ⑵而后乃今将图南（南：名词作动词，南飞） ⑶举世非之而不加沮（非：形容词意动用法，以……为非）5．文言句式 ⑴南冥者，天池也。（判断句） ⑵《齐谐》者，志怪者也。（判断句） ⑶莫之夭阏者。（宾语前置） ⑷之二虫又何知！（宾语前置） ⑸奚以知其然也？（宾语前置） ⑹彼且奚适也？（宾语前置） ⑺彼且恶乎待哉？（宾语前置）6．古今异义词 果然：古义：充实之状，文中为食饱之状；今义：表事实与所说或所料相符。 虽然：古义：虽然这样；今义：转折连词。 （二）文句（借助注解了解下面句子的含义） 1．“是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。”是说这只鸟在海翻腾激荡的时候，就乘风迁徙到南海。 2．《齐谐》是书名，齐国的志怪之书。文章是引此为证，说明鹏之高翔奋飞是有根据的。 3．“天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也亦若是则已矣。”意思是说：天色苍苍茫茫，究竟是它真正的颜色呢，还是由于它无限高远没有边际的缘故呢？大鹏朝下看也不过这样的罢。 4．“小知不及大知，小年不及大年”。知，通“智”。年，寿命。本句意思是说：小智不能理解大智 ，小寿命不能理解大寿命。 5．“奚以知其然也？”宾语前置，译为凭什么知道是如此呢？ 6．“而彭祖乃公以久特闻，众人匹之，不亦悲乎？”特，独。匹，比。彭祖，名铿，尧臣，封于彭城，历虞、夏到商，年八百岁，故以久寿见闻。全句大意：然而只活了八百岁的彭祖现在却独以长寿闻名。众人还都希望同他齐寿，不是太可悲了吗？ 7．“汤问棘也是已。”汤，商朝的建立者，亦称成汤。棘，汤时的大夫。汤曾向棘询问有关宇宙的道理。原文是： 汤问棘曰：“上下四方有极乎？”棘曰：“无极之外复无极也 。穷发之北……”汤王有“物各有极，任之则条畅”的话，与《逍遥游》所持的思想一致。庄子肯定性重述其问，也是为论证自己的观点，同时运用鹏举万里而图南与斥 的“彼且奚适”之问对照，进一步说明“小知不及大知”的道理。 8．“此亦飞之至也” �C�C―这样也就达到了飞翔中最得意的境界。 9．“此小大之辩也” �C�C―这就是小智与大智的`区别。 三、对文章内容的把握： 泛读全文，回答问题： 1．教师：文中写了几次“笑”？各笑什么？ 2．学生找出并回答。 明确：写了三次“笑”： 蜩与学鸠笑之、斥�`笑之、宋荣子犹然笑之。3．理解三“笑”中的“之”各指代什么。 明确：前两个“之”所指对象，都是鲲鹏。第三个“之”所指的对象是“知效一 官，行比一乡，德合一君，而征一国者”。4．朗读第四、六、七自然段，思考并讨论： ⑴蜩与学鸠为什么要笑鲲鹏？作者的态度如何？为什么？ ⑵斥�`为什么笑鲲鹏呢？作者对斥�`的“笑”是什么态度？ ⑶宋荣子为什么笑“知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君，而征一国者”呢？作者对 宋荣子的态度又怎样？5．老师小结：蜩与学鸠嘲笑鲲鹏是因为它们眼界太狭窄，不理解鲲鹏的远大志向。 对蜩与学鸠、斥�`、宋荣子作者都持否定态度，对被“笑”的一方鲲鹏和“知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君，而征一国者”也都作了否定，并且对文中提及的野马、尘埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥灵、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。这种一一否定，全盘否定的态度，如果我们借用本文中的一个形象的词语，可以说是：笑！本文可以说是：庄子“笑”万物！ 6．问：庄子为什么要“笑”万物呢？明确：一方面因为它（他）们都“有所待”，都没有做到“逍遥游”。另一方面是因为庄子要以“笑”的方式来表达自己的态度，给生活在世俗中执迷不悟的人们以当头棒喝！引导他们改变人生观、世界观。 7．问：怎样做才能达到逍遥游的境界 乘天地之正，而御六气之变，游于无穷…… 8．哪种人才能达到这种境界？为什么？ 明确：“至人、神人、圣人”，因为他们“无己、无功、无名”。 9．怎样理解这“无己、无功、无名”？ 人的本质的一面就是社会关系的总和，每个人都生活在一个人与人的关系网之中。“臣之事君，义也，无适而非君也，无所逃于天地之间。”(《人间世》)关系网的束缚在客观上是存在的。要摆脱这种束缚，只有从主观上、自我上做功夫。把自我看得越重，获得自由的障碍就越大；把自我看得越轻，获得自由的障碍就越小；把自我视作不存在一般，做到如佛家所说的“去我执”，就可以解脱了。“至人无己”，正是这个意思。既然“无己”，哪怕它个密网宏罗。人把自己看得很重，主要在“功名”二字。在功名上的追求越多、越高，“我”就越膨胀。要做到“无己”，或要做到《齐物论》中的“丧我”，首先要放弃功名上的追求，做到“无功”“无名”。因此，“至人无己”三句下，宣颖《南华经解》评曰：“此三句一篇之主也。第一句又三句中之主也。”功名在人生中的意义，古今思想家的看法截然不同。 10．古今的名人有类似的思想么？ 范仲淹：不以物喜，不以己忧 李白：安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得心颜 陶渊明：采菊东篱下，悠然见南山 苏轼：回首向来萧瑟处，也无风雨也无晴 …… 板书设计： 四、文章的写作特点 运用神话传说，借助丰富的想象和生动的比喻，鲜明的对比来说明深刻的道理。 五、讨论《庄子》（逍遥游）对后世文人的影响 苏轼《赤壁赋》、李白、陶渊明、李清照 六、课外阅读： 郭沫若所说：“秦汉以来的一部中国文学史差不多大半在他的影响之下发展。”（《庄子与鲁迅》） 1．鲍鹏山《庄子：在我们无路可走的时候》 2．庄子《秋水》《庖丁解牛》 3．冯友兰《人生境界》 4．南怀谨读《逍遥游》篇11：广东高中必修1册教案Unit 3. Travel Journal
教学内容
教材分析 4 periods for textbook and 3 for exercise
教学目标 1、知识目标：Traveling, Describing a journey
2、能力目标: Write a journal
3、德育情感目标: It is not easy to make a living
教学重点 The present progressive tense expressing futurity
教学难点 The present progressive tense expressing futurity
课型.warming-up 教学媒体 multi-media computer
教学方法：task-based approach
Teaching procedures:
Step1.leading in
Brainstorming questions:
1) With the development of society, we are changing our way of life. The National Day’s just passed, what have you been ding all the 7 days?
2) I guess some of you must have gone to some place to travel .Yes , more and more people enjoy traveling nowadays.
3) Do you like to explore some wild places ?
4). where do you want to go ?
2. Let me do a survey among you.
Now you are going to an isolated island. There are 10 things for you to take.
Make a list from the most important to the least . tell me the reasons.(they are on the power point.
Step2Do the work in warming up
Step3 choose a place in the box to do the pair work.
When are you leaving ?
How are you going?
When are you arriving?
Where are you staying ?
How ling are you staying ?
When are you coming back?
Step4. Explain the grammar ( they are on the power point of unit 3 P1)
Period 2 Reading
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Free talk about rivers.
What will happen if there is no water?
Where can you find water?
Do you know the 4 rivers in the world?
The Yangtze River
The Nile
The Amazon
The Mississippi
Step 2 Questions
What other rivers do you know ?
What river do you want to travel to ? Why?
What the use of rivers?
How do people who live along a river use it?
The world has many rivers, if u could travel down one of them, which one would you choose ? Why?
Step3. Listening to the tape of the passage
Step4 skimming
Answer the following questions
1)Who are Wang Kun and Wang wei?
2)What are their dream?
3)Who are Dao Wei and Yu hang?
4)Where is the source of the Mekong?
5)What can you see where you travel along the Mekong?
6)Is it a difficult journey to cycle along the Mekong? Why?
Step 5 scanning
Fill in the blanks of the box.
Step6 Who do you think was right about the trip? Why?
Step 7 dealing with the language points
1.the river
2.dream
3. take a trip
4.graduate from
5. It was…that
6.persuade
7.insist on /insist that clause
8. details
9. determine
10. altitude
11. experience
12. give in/give up/give out/give away
13. keep on doing sth.
14. enter
Period 3 grammar and listening
Step 1. Imagine it is October 1st again, you have 7 days’ holidays. You are going to a place to travel . do the pair work.
When are you leaving ?
How are you going?
When are you arriving?
Where are you staying ?
How ling are you staying ?
When are you coming back?
Step2 Grammar :The present progressive tense expressing futurity
Step3 practice the exercise on textbook page 21.
Step4 explain the exercise on the exercise book about the grammar.
Period 4 Writing
Step1 Reading the passage on page 24
Step2 answer the following questions:
What is a travel journal?
What is the difference between a diary and a travel journal?
How to write a travel journal?
Step3 homework
Design a travel plan
Suppose you are going to a place to travel . you want to go there with one or two partners. So you would design it as beautifully as you can. The following should be included :
Place
When
How long
Step 4 Feedback
Through the learning of the text, students are more interested in traveling and how to plan for their travel.
篇12：广东高中必修1册教案Unit 1 English around the world
Unit 2； English Around the World
Ⅰ单元教学目标
技能目标Goals
Talk about English and its development, Different kinds of English
Talk about difficulties in language communication
Learn to make dialogue using request & commands
Learn to transfer from direct into indirect speech
Learn to give opinions and organize ideas by way of brainstorming
Learn to make a poster showing your ideas clearly
Ⅱ目标语言
功
能
句
式 Talk about English and its development
Refer to Introduction in the teachers’ book
Talk about difficulties in language communication
Different speaker may come from different place, so they may use different words and dialect, such as subway-underground、 left-left-hand-side 、two blocks two streets.
Make dialogues using request or command:
Pardon? Could you repeat that, please?
I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please?
I don’t understand. Sorry. I can’t follow you.
Could you say that again, please? How do you spell it, please?
词
汇
1.四会词汇
include role international native elevator flat apartment rubber petrol gas modern culture AD actually present(adj.) rule(v.) vocabulary usage identity government Singapore Malaysia rapidly phrase candy lorry command request retell polite boss standard midwestern southern Spanish eastern northern recognize accent lightning direction ma’am subway block
2. 认读词汇
Shakespeare Noah Webster Lori dialect Houston Texas Buford Lester catfish
3. 固定词组
play a role (in) because of come up such as play a part (in)
语
法
Comma Command & request
Open th Open the door. Please open the door.
Would y Would you please open the door?
Indirect Indirect Speech
He told He told (asked) me to open the door.
Ⅲ.教材分析和教材重组:
1. 教材分析
本单元的中心话题是 “English language and its development, different kinds of English”. 通过对世界英语这一话题的探讨,加强学生对英语语言的
了解,对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解.世界在发展,时代在前进,语言作为交流的工具,也随着时代的发展而变化.由于英语在世界上的广泛使用,它不断地吸收、交融、容纳、创新,这就形成了各种各样带有国家、民族、地区特色的英语. 没有人们认为的那种唯一的标准英语。尽管如此，我们还是要通过本课文的学习让同学们感受、了解美国英语、澳大利亚英语、印度英语、新加坡英语等都有自己的规律和惯用法，和不同的发音规律。
1．1 Warming Up简要介绍了世界英语的分支以及英语语言在不同国家产生的差异，使学生感受英语语言的多文化、多层次、多元性，对英国英语和美国英语的不同有一个粗浅的了解。
1．2 Pre-reading通过两个问题引发学生对课文主题的思考，以便参与课堂活动。
1．3 Reading简要地说明英语语言的起源、发展变化、形成原因，以及它的发展趋势。
1．4 Comprehending主要是检测学生对课文基本内容的理解程度。
1．5 Learning About the Language主要通过各种练习帮助学生重温本单元前几个部分所学的新单词和短语，同时也通过新的例子展现了美国英语、英国英语的差异，并着重介绍了本单元的语法项目（Request & Command and Indirect Speech）。
1．6 Using Language其中的reading and talking主要介绍了当今世界各地各国说英语有自己的特色，即便是美国东西部、南北部，说话均有所不同。为帮助培养跨文化意识，可以让学生学完课文后讨论中国的方言，使他们感受到本国的文化差异。
2．教材重组
2．1 导入 把Warming Up 作为一堂课。
2．2 精读 把Pre-reading、Reading 和 Comprehending整合在一起作为一堂课精读课。
2．3 语言学习把Learning About Language和Workbook中的Using Words, Using Structures 结合在一起。
2．4 写作
2．5听和说 把课文中的听和说整合成一堂课。
2．6 练习课 workbook exercises & other exx.
3．课型设计与课时分配
1st period Warming Up
2nd period Reading &Language Study
3rd period Learning About Language r& grammar
4th period Writing
5th period Listening & Speaking
6th period Exercises
(Period One)
Warming up
By Zhu Haishan From Luohu Foreign Language School
一、 教学目标（teaching aims）student’s book; warming up
1、 能力目标(ability aim)
a. Enable students to talk about the world Englishes
b. Enable students to talk about the differences between Am. English and Br. English
2、 语言目标(language aim)
more than; include; play an important role; because of; international; native; elevator; flat; apartment; rubber; petrol; gas;
二、 教学重难点(Teaching important points)
a. Students learn about the world Englishes and the differences between Am. English and Br. English.
b. Students can understand the jokes caused by the misunderstanding of different Englishes.
三、 教学方法(Teaching method)
a. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.
b. Listening
c. Discussion
四、 教具准备(Teaching aids)
a computer; a tape-recorder; a projector
五、 教学步骤(Teaching procedure)
Step I. Leading-in
Fun time: warm the students up by asking them to greet each other with their dialects. At the same time, lead the students to think about the topic of this unit--- “language”.
Step II. Warming up.
1) A quiz about the national flag of countries speaking English as their first or second language .Lead the students to the topic “ English Around the world”.
2) Ask the students to think about the question about the “world Englishes”.
Step III. Talking about “world Englishes”, especially the differences between “American English” and “British English”
1) Listen to a dialogue between an American and an Englishman. And try to find out the cause of the misunderstanding between them.
2) Talk about the differences between American English and British English.( mainly about vocabulary and spelling)
Step IV. Speaking Task.
Student make up a dialogue with a misunderstanding caused by the differences between “American English” and “British English” like the dialogue they listened to.
Unit 2 English Around the World
Period Two
Reading
By Zhen Ni（郑妮）from Luohu Foreign languages school
教学目标（Teaching aims）
Get the students to know English language and its development and different kinds of English through this passage.
教学内容( Teaching contents)
Get the knowledge of English language and its development and different kinds of English.
能力目标(Ability aim)
Get some knowledge of different kinds of English
语言目标(Language aim)
Grasp some words and expressions such as, play a role in /because of/ come up/ play a part in and learn the grammar- the indirect speech of the imperative clause
教学重难点(Teaching important points)
The indirect speech of the imperative clause
教学方法( Teaching methods)
task- based approach
教具准备(Teaching aids)
multi-media computer
教学步骤(Teaching procedure)
Step 1. Warming up.
Warm the students up by ask them to tell the differences between American English and British English.
Step 2. Pre-reading.
Ask the students to discuss some questions about “English” in pairs.
1.How many people speak English in the world today?2.Why do so many people speak English?3.What has helped to spread English around the world?4.Do you think it important for Chinese to learn English? Why?
Step 3. Reading.
1) The first-reading.
Ask the students to scan the text and choose the correct answer in the book.
2) The second-reading.
Ask the students to read the text paragraph by paragraph, and get some detail information.
a. For the first and second paragraph, students answer some questions
b. For the third paragraph, students find out the information to fill in the table of the development of English.
c. For the last paragraph, students find out the reason why India speaks English.
Step4 discussions:
1.Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why?
2, Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
3, Do you think Chinese will become the most popular language in the world instead of English in the future?
Step 5. Extension
Give the students some information of origin of British English and American English..
The formation of British English
From 17th century----19thcentury
The UK colonized Ireland and joined with Scotland long ago
Colonized ; North America, the Caribbean India, including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Australia, New Zealand, Palestine, parts of sub-Sahara Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Pacific Islands
The formation of American English
American colonial rulers also brought their English to:
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and other Pacific island in the late 19th century
Introduce the situation of English speaking in China.
Tell them some proper items.
Native speaker: A person who speaks English since birth but who may not speak a standard form of it.
L1 speaker: A native speaker of English who uses it as his or her mother tongue or an immigrant to an English-speaking country who always prefer to use it
ESL: English as a Second Language
L2 speaker: A second language speaker of English
EFL: English as a Foreign Language
Step6 Homework
1. Finish the exercise on page 11.
2. Read passage on page 51 The Oxford English Dictionary and make notes about Murray’s life.
Unit 2 English around the world
Period Three
Learning about Language
By Zhu Haishan From Luohu Foreign Language School
一、 教学目标（teaching aims）student’s book; Discovering useful structures
1、 能力目标(ability aim)
a. Enable students to tell the differences between a request and a command.
b. Enable students to learn about the Indirect Speech( requests & commands)
c. Enable students to use the Indirect Speech (requests & commands)
2、 语言目标(language aim)
command; request; retell; polite; boss
Indirect Speech (requests and Commands)
二、 教学重难点(Teaching important points)
a. Students learn about the differences between a request and a command.
b. Students learn about the Indirect Speech( requests and commands)
c. Students can use the indirect speech.
三、 教学方法(Teaching method)
a. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.
b. Discovering the structure through examples
c. Practice
四、 教具准备(Teaching aids)
a computer; a projector
五、 教学步骤(Teaching procedure
Step 1. Warming-up (Revision)
Warm the students up by asking them to go over the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech..
Do some exercises : change a statement or a question into Indirect Speech.
Step 2. Talk about Request and Command.
1) Talk about the polite and Impolite tune.
2) Change the commands into Requests.
3) Learn to give requests or commands according to the situations.
Step 3. Talk about how to change a request and a command into Indirect Speech.
ask(ed) sb (not) to do sth
tell/told sb (not) to do sth
Step 4. Practise changing a request or a command into Indirect Speech.
Step 5. using the structure.
A game: choose two students act as two robots. One listens to the requests, the other listens to the commands. Other students give either requests or commands, and the robots do what the students asked them to do.
Unit 2; English Around the World
(Period Four)
writing
By Zhen Ni (郑妮) from Luohu Foreign languages school
教学目标（Teaching aims）
a. Let students get to know how to write a statement by using brainstorming
b. Try to use connecting words or sentences to make it as an essay or passage not just several sentences.
教学内容( Teaching contents)
Write a statement
能力目标(Ability aim)
Using the brainstorming way to collect sentences and then arrange them properly
语言目标(Language aim)
I think,
I believe,
In my opinion…
We learn English to do…
教学重难点(Teaching important points)
How to arrange sentence correctly .
Try to use connecting words.
教学方法( Teaching methods)
Brainstorming way
教具准备(Teaching aids)
multi-media computer
教学步骤(Teaching procedure)
Step1 leading in
Use the brainstorming way to ask students “Why should we live?” which is a simple question, at the same time there might be various answers to the question, which will stimulate their interest.
Step2 presentation
Also use the brainstorming way to ask “ Why should we learn English ?” and “how can learning English help China?”
Step3 A poster
Write a poster to collect all their ideas. try to use completely sentences, such as :
I like to study English and use it for business in the future.
I want to study English well so that I can read English books.
Say, come to the blackboard and write down your ideas , trying to use complete sentences, such as :
If I learn English well, I can bring in the advanced foreign technology to China. So China will become stronger.
I decide to learn English well , in this case I can read many English novels, so I can translate them into Chinese, then more Chinese can know more things about the world.
Step4 write an essay
The title is “Do we need to learn English?”
Step5 display the structure on how to write the essay.
1. State your points of view.
2. Show the supporting reasons.
3. Get a conclusion
Step6 show them the connecting words which can help them to join the sentences and paragraphs .
Illustration: I think , I believe, In my opinion, As far as I am concerned…
Addition: firstly, secondly, then, besides, at last…
Contrast: however, but , on the other hand…
Summary: in short, in a word, therefore, so…
Step7 give them a simple example which is not complete
Do we need to learn English?
I strongly think we not only need learn English but also learn it well…Why should we learn it…How can learning English help China in the future?…So…
Step8 HomeworkMy Experience of Learning English
Para1. My problems in learning English.
Para 2. How I can improve my English.
Para.3. What I like about learning English.Para
Para 4. How I hope to make use of my English.
Unit 2: English Around the World
Period Five
Listening & speaking
By Xue Hong(薛 红) from Luo Hu Foreign Languages School
一． 学目标(Teaching aims)
教材(Teaching materials) listening materials on p12 and p14 on the textbook, another one attached
1、 能力目标(ability aim) enable Ss to catch the listening materials and understand them and distinguish British and American English, try using them in dialogues.
2、 语言目标(Language aim)distinguish some words used in British and American English 、 some dialect and accent
二、 教学重难点(Teaching important points)understand words used in British and American which have the same meanings and some dialect accent
三、 教学方法(Teaching method) listening and talking
四、 教学准备(Teaching aids)tape recorder and get students’ answer sheet printed out
五、 教学步骤(Teaching procedure)
step 1 Listening
Listening 1 (text book p12 )
Listen to the tape, trying to make the students know and distinguish British English and American English.
Step 2 Speaking
After listening to different words used in British and American English, see if they know more.
Get them to say more about the differences between American and British Englsih.
i.e. apartment-flat bar-pub bathroom-toilet can-tin chalkboard-blackboard
crazy-mad elevator-lift eraser-rubber game-match line-queue ……
Step 3 Listening
Listening 2 (text book p14 )
Listen to the tape, getting to know American dialect and accent.
Step 4 Speaking
After listening to different dialects and accents, see if Ss know how to pronounce the following words:
ask after either neither kilometer box……and more
Step 5 Listening
Listening 3
Listening to the tape and mark their choices.
Keys:1-5 BABCB 6-10 CABAB 11-15 ACCBC 16-20 ACBCB
Worksheet (please print it out)
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5分；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?
A. They’d better slow down.
B. They have to hurry up.
C. She doesn’t realize how late it is.
2. How often does Emy take her piano lesson now?
A. Three times a week
B. Twice a week
C. Four times a week
3. Where does the talk take place?
A. At a concert.
B. At a ball.
C. In a classroom.
4. Why did Harry got a ticket?
A. He got a train ticket
B. He slowed down at the wrong place
C. He broke the speed limit.
5. What did the woman want to do?
A. Forget a man’s birthday completely
B. Give a man a gift for his birthday
C. Pass the time
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或读白。每段对话或读白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选相中选出最佳选相, 并标在相应的位置。听每段对话或读白前，你都有时间读各个小题，每小题为秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或读白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8 题。
6. How did the woman come?
A. By train. B. On foot. C. By bus
7. When does the office close usually?
A. at 6:p.m. B. at 5:30 p.m. C. At 7 p.m..
8. What did the woman ‘s boss ask her to do?
A．He asked her to post some letters.
B. He asked her to write some letters.
C. He asked her to put away some letters.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11 题。
9. Who will be back tomorrow?
A. The man’s head
B. Jenny Craig.
C. The woman’s head
10. What is the woman’s office telephone number?
A. 764-300. B. 764-512 C. 689-300
11. Why does the woman make the telephone call?
A. Because something is wrong with her dishwasher
B. Because she wants to change her dishwasher
C. Because she wants her telephone to be repaired
听第8段材料，回答12 至14 题。
12. What’s wrong with the man?
A. He has a headache.
B. He has a stomachache.
C. He has a cold.
13. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. E at less B. Sleep more C. Do some exercise.
14. What do you know about the man?
A. He’s too hungry.
B. He’s too tired.
C. He’s too foolish.
听第9段材料，回答15 至17 题。
15. When doe the conversation probably take place?
A. About 13:00 Saturday.
B. About 3:00 p.m. Sunday
C. About 15:00 Saturday.
16. What does the man come to ask the woman for?
A. To see a movie.
B. To play for fun
C. To see a show.
17. What does the woman complain of
A. A lot of books bought should be finished.
B. So many books left by her professor should be read at once.
C. Each professor has left the students with a lot of work.
听第10段材料，回答18 至20 题。
18. How shall we say “truck” in British English?
A. Car B. Lorry C. Tank
19. Which American river is correct?
A. River Thames B. River Mississippi. C. Colorado River
20. What’s the biggest difference between British and American English?
A. Vocabulary B. Vocabulary and pronunciation C. Spelling
Listening material:
Text 1
M: Can’t we slow down? I’m tired.
W: Slow down? Don’t you realize how late we are going to be?
Text 2
M: Emy really likes her piano class, doesn’t she?
W: Yes, she used to take lessons only one day a week, but now she goes every other day after school.
TEST 3
M: I’d love to dance, but I don’t know the steps.
W: It doesn’t matter. No one will be looking at us in this crowd.
Test 4
M: I heard Harry got a ticket yesterday. What did he do?
W: He drove too fast in the downtown area.
Test 5
W: I wanted to buy him a present for his birthday, but now it is past.
M: It’s not too late, you know. You still could.
Test 6
W: Adam, I’m sorry.
M: But where have you been, Alice? You’re over an hour late.
W: Yes, But I couldn’t help it. I was late getting off work for a start, and hen I missed the bus The bus I did catch got caught in a traffic jam. It was one thing after another.
M: But why were you so late getting off work? The office closes at six, doesn’t it?
W: Yes, but there is a rush at the moment, and my boss asked me to write some urgent letters.
M: But didn’t you tell him you had an appointment?
W: Well, no ,I thought I’d finish them in about five minutes. If it hadn’t been for missing the bus and the traffic, I wouldn’t have been so late. I AM SORRY.
M: Well, you’re here. And that’s the main thing.
Text 7
W: Good afternoon. Could I speak ti the After Sales Manager, please?
M: I’m sorry. He ;s not in this afternoon. Who’s speaking, please?
W: Jenny Craig. Have you got any idea when he’ll be back?
M: I’m afraid he probably won’t be back until tomorrow. Can I give him a massage/
W: Would you mind spelling your name, please?
W: Jenny Craig, that’s C-R-A-I-G.
M: And your telephone number?
W: My home number is 764-512
M: And what’s the message?
W: Well, I was wondering if he could send a repairman to fix my dishwasher. It’s still under warrant.
M: When would you like to have it fixed?
W: Well, any time next week That’s convenient for the repairman.
M: OK, I’ll tell him that as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
Text 8
M: I don’t know why I can’t get rid of my cold. I have taken the medicine for three days and I’m still coughing badly day and night.
W: How can you stay in bed all day long? Get up and do some exercise, such s running, walking or some other sports. I’m sure you will get well soon.
M: Will I get rid of my cold that way?
W: I’m sure you will. Sports can do you a lot of good if you have a cold.
M: I’m too tired to do anything in bed.
Test 9
W: Ah! Another word I don’t know. I spend half my life looking up words in the dictionary. Come in. Oh, hi, Carrie.
M: Hi. Do you know what time it is?
W: Sure. It’s 3 o’clock.
M: But it’s Saturday. Do you know what that means?
W: For me, it means eight more hours of study before bedtime.
M: A round here, Jenny, Saturday is for relaxing and having fun. Come on, let’s go to do something. There’s a good movie show at the Multiplex.
W: I’d love to go with you, Carrie. But I can’t.
M: Why not?
W: Look at this pile of books I have to read .
M: Why so many?
W: That’s what I’d like to know. Each professor must think students are taking only his or her course.
Text 10
Many people say that one is better than the other when it comes to English. However, the fact is no one style of English is more correct than the other but you must choose one. There are really very few differences between British English and American English. However, the largest differences are the choices of vocabulary and pronunciation. Spelling also differ with each style>American words ending in “o-r” and “o-u-r” in British English. For example, in American English you would spell color “c-o-l-o-r” and “f-l-a-v-o-r”. In British English you would Spell “c-o-l-o-u-r’ and “f-l-a-v-o-u-r”. Also the word “t-h-e-a-t-e-r” in American English is spelled “t-h-e-a-t-r-e” in British English. American English says “truck’, WHILE British English calls it “lorry”. American English SAYS “two weeks” while British English says “fortnight”. In names of American river, the word “river” usually comes after the name, for example, Colorado River. However, British river have the word “river” before the name like River Thames.
Unit Two :English Around the World
By Zhang Shusheng（张书生）from Luohu Foreign Lnaguages School
The Sixth period Exercises
一．教学目标：(Teaching aims)
Finish the exercises on the workbook
1．能力目标：(ability aim)
a) Enable the students to command “commands and requests”
b) Through cooperative work find out correct answers themselves
2．语言目标：(language aim)
Full understanding of the readings
二．教学重难点(Teaching important points)
Understanding the main ideas of the passages
三．教学方法(Teaching method)
a. Fast and careful reading
b. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task
c. Discussion
四．教具准备(Teaching aids)
a computer
五．教学步骤(teaching procedure)
Step 1.warming up
Step 2: speaking task (Review commands and requests)
Offer them situations and try to make dialogues with commands and requests
Step 3 :Do the “Reading” on P13 and answer questions on it briefly.
Step 4: Finish the “Reading Task” at p.51 and complete the form after it.
Step 5: Group work:
Ask them to sum up what codes and short forms of words they often use when they often chat on the net with others.
Step 6: check up their researching result.
Step 7: homework.
篇13：广东版必修2：鱼书 教案
广东版必修2：鱼书 精品教案
鱼书 教案 教材简析 《鱼书》从日常生活中亲人朋友间的书信往返入手，谈书信往返对于人类社会交际和情感交流的重要性。作者从现代城市环境对人的生活习惯的改变谈起，由自己近期的疏于写信，朋友来信的稀少，想到友谊的重要：“古往今来，多少扣人心弦的故事，都建立在无垢的友谊之上”，伟大的人格，崇高的友情，是人生中“一盏明灯”。进而说到书信的往返正是友谊的一种证明。接着作者从写信和读信两个方面，写出书信往返对于滋润感情的特殊效果：“给远在他乡的友人写信，神弛心往，仿佛剪烛西窗，促膝长谈，心情畅适，近乎薄醉。故人久阔，忽然尺素飞来，那种乍来的喜慰，温暖的感觉，也很难找到近似的境界相比拟。”作者以生花妙笔，写出了书信给人们带来的乐趣。不仅如此，作者还就书信与人的一生的关系给予进一步的揭示。书信不仅可以表达感情，而且书信里还“保存了一些生命的`痕迹”，“值得吟味的人生小景”。于此笔锋一转，作者通过自己在现实生活中与书信有关的三件事，写出了人间情谊交往的酸甜苦辣――既有与善良敦厚友人的分道扬镳，也有浪迹天涯的朋友间的奇异缘遇，更有遭匿名信暗算的痛苦经历。正是这些不同的经历，使作者看清了人世间的美丑善恶，懂得何谓美好，何谓邪恶。 《鱼书》通过描述现代社会书信往返的各种现象，表达了作者对于人间真情的探寻，对崇高友谊的向往，对以书信卖友求荣的社会病态的批判，对现代人不屑于写信的心理行为的惋惜及抱憾。 读《鱼书》，古雅之风扑面而来。作者在流畅的现代汉语的行文中自如地穿插着文言词汇，不仅使所要表达的意思言简意赅，而且产生一种文雅、含蓄的修辞效果。比如作者恰到好处地用了“暌违”“鱼书”、“参商”、“尺素”、“雁足”诸词，这些词语古朴典雅，典故叠现，含义丰富而又意思明白浅显，一点也不晦涩、深奥，反而增强了表情达意的力度和深度。此外，《鱼书》的作者还善于用四字句，像“剪烛西窗，促膝长谈，心情畅适，近乎薄醉”，“投书告密，卖友求荣，卖身投靠，摇尾乞怜”之类，也用得自然、简洁、流畅，读来朗朗上口。 教学目标 1、体味作者对书信的喜爱和怀念之情，对人间真情的渴盼。 2、欣赏作者古雅的语言。 教学过程 一、导入 （一）、小调查：当你想念亲人和朋友时，你最喜欢、最经常采取的方式是什么？（请学生举手选择） A、写信 B、写信 C、打电话 （二）、请选择“打电话”的某一两个学生谈谈自己选择的理由。 （三）师：确实，电话的方便、快捷使生活的无数不可能变成了可能，它连接了七大洲、四大洋，使诺大的世界变成了触手可及的地球村。但在古代，人们却只能靠书信来联系。想念驻扎在边塞的丈夫了，抓来一只大雁，在脚上绑上一封信，雁儿雁儿，你帮我捎封信给我的丈夫；漂泊异乡，想念家乡亲人了，唤来一只小鱼，鱼儿鱼儿，你帮我带个口信给家里人。 就在七八十年前，人们也还是主要靠绿衣天使来传情达意。今天我们将一起来学习的就是一篇关于书信的文章――我国文坛著名的作 家柯灵老先生的散文《鱼书》。柯老先生在这篇文章中表达了对书信的喜爱和怀念。文章内容很简单，所以，今天我们一起从一个更能展示大家的聪明才智和文学功底的方面来学习。刚才同学们都说到最喜欢用打电话的方式，正好我这里有一些关于电话的作用和魅力的小短诗，那同学们读了《鱼书》这篇散文后，能否根据文章的内容和自己的理解，也写出一些关于书信的小短诗，来表达书信的作用和对书信的喜爱呢？我相信大家一定能够写出，而且一定会写得更好。那下面就请大家先用自己的方式阅读品味文章，然后试着写一则关于书信的小短诗。到时侯我们请一些同学上台来展示他们的作品。 提醒学生注意： 1、可以仿照印发材料上的小诗的句式，也可以根据自己的风格创造。 2、所写的小诗的内容要尽量以文章内容为依据，可以直接用文中的句字，也可以进行适当改编和创造。 3、阅读时可以根据给出的问题画出相关的词句，也可以把自己喜欢的其它词句画上记号、做好旁批。 （四）投影建议思考的问题和建议注意的字词 1、为什么柯老先生如此喜爱和怀念书信呢？在他眼中，书信具有怎样的魅力？ 2、建议注意的字词（加点）： 懒散因循风流云散的故旧友情的具体表征 取偿于精神的密接 推诚相与交流情愫隽品 分道扬镳 恶札 二、读 学生自主阅读，感受全文，分析作者对书信的态度和看法，喜爱、怀念书信的原因，并将相关语句和自己喜欢的词句画上记号，做好旁批。教师巡查指点。 三、写 学生依据课文内容仿写关于书信的小短诗。 四、讨论交流 学生分小组讨论交流所写的小短诗，推荐出优秀作品，准备上台展示。 五、作品展示 学生上台展示所写的小短诗，并解释诗句意思，说明诗句写作的课文根据；教师针对学生展示的作品，联系课文思想内容作简要评点。 六、总结 （一）情感内容 提问：从以上的展示和分析中，我们可以知道了，书信在作者笔下只不过是一个传情达意的载体，那作者到底是想借书信表达一些什么呢？ （二）语言特色 1、教师列举仿写短诗中的一些古雅的用词。 2、提问：这些用词使整篇文章充满一种什么味道？这样用有什么表达效果呢？ 明确：作者在流畅的现代汉语的行文中自如地穿插着文言词汇，不仅使所要表达的意思言简意赅，而且产生一种文雅、含蓄的修辞效果。这些词语古朴典雅，典故叠现，含义丰富而又意思明白浅显，一点也不晦涩、深奥，反而增强了表情达意的力度和深度。 七、再次品读 师生一起品读第四、五自然段，再次感受作者对人间真情的渴盼和文章古雅的语言。 八、扩展思考和作业 同学们都知道，鱼书雁足正在悄悄远离我们的生活，那种企盼来信的焦苦，那种接读来信的喜悦，那种深夜写信的温馨，都在悄悄远离我们的心头。难道未来的天空将会只有电波的传递而消失鸿雁的往来？对此，你怎么看呢？请将它写成文字，交给老师。篇14：高中必修四《拿来主义》教案
学习目标：
一、理解这篇杂文语言犀利、幽默的特点;学习本文运用比喻进行论证的方法，正确理解各种比喻的含义。
二、理解如何正确对待中外文化遗产。
学习过程：
随着我国开放的深入发展，国外的科学、文化、技术以及资产阶级的腐朽思想、生活作风等等也随之大量而来，我们应采取怎样的态度和方法才是正确的呢?学习鲁迅先生的杂文《拿来主义》，从中可以受到启发，得到教益。
一、生疏字词：
礼尚(shàng;崇尚、重视。)
自诩(xǔ;夸耀，说大话。)
残羹(gēng;有浓汁的食品。)
冷炙(zhì;烤肉。)
冠冕(miǎn;古代帝王戴的帽子，引申为体面。)
吝(lìn)啬(sè)、髓(suǐ)、蹩(bié)
二、研习新课：
1. 分析写作思路和课文结构层次。
提问：作者要论说的是“拿来主义”，为什么课文前半部分写“闭关主义”和“送去主义”?
明确：作者要论说的是“拿来主义”，但它是针对历史和现实存在的问题提出来的，近代的“闭关主义”必然导致“现在”的“送去主义”。“送去主义”是一种有往无来的卖国行径，必然导致国势日弱，被动挨打，从长远看，将造成亡国灭种。因此，采取与“送去主义”针锋相对的“拿来主义”就刻不容缓。“送去主义”和“拿来主义”是一个问题的两个方面，“破”正是为了“立”，“破”得彻底，“立”得才牢靠。这个问题弄明白了，作者的思路和教学设计>文章的结构层次就基本上清楚了。
全文分三个部分：
第一部分(第1-4段)：揭露批判“送去主义”的实质及其严重后果。
第1、2段是揭露批判国民党政府在文化上奉行“送去主义”的媚外求荣和欺世惑众的可耻行为。
第3、4段是揭露“送去主义”的实质和危害。
第二部分(第5-9段)：阐明“拿来主义”的基本观点，批判在对待文化遗产问题上的错误倾向。
第5段正面提出“拿来主义”的主张。
第6段揭示“送去主义”的危害和实行“拿来主义”的必要。
第7段揭示“拿来主义”的含义就是“运用脑髓，放出眼光，自己来拿”。
第8段批判对待文化遗产的三种错误态度。
第9段从正面具体而形象地阐明“拿来主义”的原则和方法。
第三部分(第10段)：总结全文，指出实行“拿来主义”的人应具有的胆识和品质，以及“拿来主义”对于创造民族新文化的重要意义。
2. 研习第一部分：弄清“送去主义”的实质与危害，体会幽默、讽刺的语言在批判错误观点的表现力。
(1)提问：第1段“别的且不说罢”一句有什么作用?作者列举了哪些事例来揭露国民党政府实行“送去主义”的媚外丑态的?
明确：这一句把所要揭露、论述的范围加以严格的限制，只讲文化上的事。本文写于1934年6月4日，那时日本帝国主义的魔爪已经伸到了东北、华北，国民党政府推行卖国主义政策，变本加厉地出卖国家的领土、资源和主权，确实“成了什么都是‘送去主义’了”。因此，用“别的且不说罢”的句子，不仅使论述的范围明确，而且增强了揭露的深刻性。
作者举了三个“送”的事例：“先送”一批古董到巴黎去展览，“不知后事如何”，即有去无回，这是媚外的可耻行径;还有几位“大师”们捧几张古画和新画，在欧洲各国一路挂过去，“捧”何其郑重、恭敬，媚态可掬，几张画“一路的挂”，何其卖力，何其寒伧可笑，“发扬国光”，反语，讽刺不以为耻，反以为荣;“还要送梅兰芳博士到苏联去，以催进‘象征主义’……也可以算得显出一点进步了”，用这种方式来显示一点进步，多么可怜，暗示“学艺”上的东西已经相当贫乏。作者讽刺批判的锋芒不是对着几位艺术家，而是指向卖国媚外的反动当局及其御用文人，字里行间充满着憎恶和鄙视。
(2)提问：一味奉行“送去主义”会产生什么严重后果及危害?
明确：作者以尼采自诩他是太阳，光热无穷，只是给与，不想取得作类比，“尼采究竟不是太阳，他发了疯”;中国不是“丰富”，还要“大度”，“只是送出去”，同样是愚蠢可笑的。说“掘起地下的煤来，就足够全世界几百年之用”，“几百年之后呢”?我们的子孙，“当佳节大典之际，他们拿不出东西来，只好磕头贺喜，讨一点残羹冷炙做奖赏”。“磕头”、“讨”和“残羹冷炙”、“奖赏”等词语，形象、深刻地写出了“送”的结果是我们的子孙后代无法立足于世界民族之林。
(3)提问：“抛来”和“抛给”有何区别?
明确：抛来指把无用的东西抛弃掉，或者无代价地送人或施舍，一般不怀有什么不良的动机或目的。抛给指有目的的、带恶意的输出。
(4)小结：作者把对待文化遗产的问题放在历史和现实的背景中加以考察，教学设计>文章一开始便从“闭关主义”说起，进而揭露国民党政府在“学艺”上实行“送去主义”的种.种媚外求荣，欺世惑众的事实，揭示“送去主义”必然使中国人民更加陷入被侵略，受奴役的悲惨境地。因此，“送去”之外，还得“拿来”。
3. 研读第二部分：理解“拿来主义”的主张，领会运用形象的比喻阐明抽象的深刻的道理的写作方法。
(1)提问：第5段中哪些词语含有讽刺意味?第6段的“送来”与“拿来”有何区别?第7段的“运用脑髓，放出眼光，自己来拿”怎么理解?
明确：“摩登”是针对上文“自从给枪炮打破了大门之后……成了什么都是‘送去主义’了”而言的，把卖国媚外的行径说成“时髦”，一味地“送去”说成“赶时髦”，其讽刺意味是很浓烈的。“吝啬”是针对上文“丰富”、“大度”而言的，两者鲜明对照，对“送去主义”者进行讽刺鞭挞。
“送来”是帝国主义对我国进行的经济、军事、文化侵略、掠夺，是“抛给”的同义语;“拿来”是根据需要自己拿，二者本质不同，内容迥异。
运用脑髓指用脑筋独立思考，有主见;放出眼光指要看得清，有辨别力;自己来拿指要有选择，自己拿。
(2)提问：第8段批判了对待文化遗产的哪几种错误态度?第9段阐述了“拿来主义”者应采取怎样的态度和方法?运用比喻论证说明有什么作用?
明确：“大宅子”比喻文化遗产。
怕：徘徊不敢走进门(逃避主义)孱头。
怒：勃然大怒，放一把火烧光(虚无主义)昏蛋。
羡慕：欣欣然接受一切(投降主义)废物。
以上三种人对待文化遗产的态度都是错误的。
对待文化遗产的正确态度：首先是“占有”，然后是“挑选”。“占有”是前提，不“占有”就无从“挑选”;“挑选”是关键，不“挑选”，“占有”就毫无意义。
“挑选”的具体做法：或使用，或存放，或毁灭。
鱼翅比喻文化遗产中的精华部分(使用，吃掉)。
鸦片比喻有益也有害的一类事物(存放，供治病)。
烟枪、烟灯比喻有害的可作反面教材的一类事物(送一点进博物馆，毁掉)。
姨太太比喻供剥削阶级欣赏享用的腐朽淫靡的东西(走散)。
文中运用“大宅子“、“鱼翅”、“鸦片”、“烟枪和烟灯”等当时人们所熟悉的事物作比方，使如何对待文化遗产这个抽象问题具体化，深奥道理浅显化，将怎样“挑选”说得具体形象又清楚透彻。尤其是对“孱头”、“昏蛋”、“废物”、“姨太太”等形象的勾勒，寓意丰富，耐人寻味。
4. 研读第三部分：
提问：这一段共5句话，如果这5句话是5个问题的答案，那么应该是哪5个问题(“思考和练习”二)?
明确：①究竟应该怎样对待文化遗产?②对文化遗产应该怎样区别对待?③正确对待文化遗产有什么积极意义?④要处理好文化遗产我们必须具备哪些条件?⑤实行“拿来主义”的重要性迫切性何在?
5. 总结全文，加深理解。
(1)提取要点，归纳中心：本文批判了国民党反动派的卖国主义政策和一些人对待文化遗产的错误态度，阐明了批判继承文化遗产的基本原理和方法，指出了正确的继承和借鉴乃是建设民族新文化的必不可少的条件。
鲁迅对文化遗产的见解，跟毛泽东同志“古为今用”、“洋为中用”，“排泄其糟粕，吸收其精华”的意见是一致的。时至今日，这篇教学设计>文章仍然放射着思想光辉，值得我们认真学习和借鉴。
(2)归纳写作特点。①先破后立，破立结合;②运用贴切的比喻阐明抽象、深奥的道理;③语言犀利、幽默。
篇15：高中必修四《牡丹亭》教案
这篇课文的学习重点应为欣赏六支曲子。欣赏戏曲语言，尤其是欣赏曲词，一要反复诵读，体会曲词的抒情性和音韵美，二要仔细揣摩，体会语言的准确、生动、形象。为此，本节课要求学生充分地运用多媒体预习课文，教师简单介绍完作者和《牡丹亭》的剧情以激发阅读兴趣，在学生相互质疑解决字音词义后，要留下足够多的时间让学生通过反复诵读整体感知课文，在充分阅读的基础上，教师再组织学生欣赏语言，在欣赏的过程中应以学生分析为主，教师重在引导、点拨，辅以分析一两个典型例子。
【教学目标】
1.知识与能力:
A.了解汤显祖及其《牡丹亭》
B.品味戏曲语言，提高鉴赏戏曲的能力
C.学习借景抒情的艺术手法
2.过程与方法:
A.在诵读时体会戏曲语言的抒情性和音韵美
B.在比较中进一步认识戏曲文学的特点
3.情感态度与价值观:
A.培养学生对戏曲的喜爱之情
B.体味杜丽娘对自由生活的向往、人性的复苏。
【教学重难点】
1.重点：培养学生欣赏古代戏曲的能力。
2.难点：从语言中揣摩人物性格，体会人性中的两面：自然人和社会人。
【教学时数】 一课时
【教学流程】
一、预习。
预习是培养学生自主学习的很重要的一个环节。首先教师要让学生明白预习的重要性，并进行方法的指导：利用学校、社区的图书馆，或者上网查阅。此外，教师对预习的内容可作一些提示：如戏剧的一些基本理论知识，作者情况，创作情况，作者对剧本的看法，别人写的剧评等等。
二、导入。
1、从《红楼梦》中林黛玉听《牡丹亭》的感受，谈到学生的读后感受。
《红楼梦》第二十三回《西厢记妙词通戏语 牡丹亭艳曲警芳心》里写道 “林黛玉素习不大喜看戏文……偶然两句吹到耳内，明明白白，一字不落，唱道是：‘原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣。’林黛玉听了，倒也十分感慨缠绵，便止住步侧耳细听，又听唱道是：‘良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院。’听了这两句，不觉点头自叹，……又侧耳时，只听唱到：‘则为你如花美眷，似水流年……’林黛玉听了这两句，不觉心动神摇。又听道：‘你在幽闺自怜’等句，亦发如醉如痴，站立不住，便一蹲身坐在一块山子石上，细嚼‘如花美眷，似水流年’八个字的滋味”。林黛玉听的就是我们今天要学习的《牡丹亭》中第十出《游园》。其中《皂罗袍》一曲文词优美，婉转典雅，意味深长，情景交融，是历来为人们所称道的伤春佳作。曹雪芹就用此曲来烘托刻画林黛玉的心理。封建时代的青年女子大多都有与杜丽娘同样的感受，因此这支感叹韶华虚度、青春愁闷的曲子得到了许多少女的喜爱和认同。你们是否也会有同感、共鸣呢?好，下面简单介绍一下汤显祖及《牡丹亭》。 [幻灯展示123]
2.由《牡丹亭》的流传及影响谈起，以引起学生的兴趣。
(《红楼梦》第二十三回，林黛玉听贾府家庭戏班小演员唱《牡丹亭?游园惊梦》，从“不觉点头自叹”, 到“心动神摇”，再到“越发如醉如痴”, 受到强烈感染。)这段曲文，抒发的正是杜丽娘青春苦闷的内心激情。鹤睫《红楼本事诗》：“隔墙人唱《牡丹亭》，曲中写出侬心事。”林黛玉和杜丽娘.都出身于宦族，有着相似的生活遭遇，所以，在此出曲文艺术魅力的强烈感染下，自然深有同感，迸发出共鸣。
在这部戏剧问世之后，立刻广为流传，产生了巨大影响，以至“家传户诵，几令西厢减价”。由于剧中深刻地揭示了那个时代中青年女性的普遍处境，因此尤其受到她们的青睐。万历年间，江南才女冯小青曾在幽居水阁的凄寂生活中写下这样的诗句：“冷雨幽窗不可听，挑灯闲看牡丹亭。人间亦有痴于我，岂独伤心是小青。”表达了她心中强烈的共鸣。与汤显祖同时代的戏剧家沈璟曾将此剧改编，以适合昆腔的演唱形式。现代戏曲大师梅兰芳曾排演昆曲《游园惊梦》，是对该剧《游园》一出最为完美的演绎。
3.利用多媒体播放昆曲《游园》选段，引入课文。
“袅情丝吹来闲庭院，摇漾春如线，”这是杜丽娘第一次踏进自家后花园时，看到眼前的“好天气”而叹出的一句词，唱腔婉转动人、曼妙悠然，“烂漫春光下，步步美人归，”让我们跟随这位美人的步伐踏进如诗如梦的《牡丹亭》。
4.从乡土教育引入，介绍南戏--明清传奇的演变。
我们瑞安有“东南小邹鲁”之美誉。北宋末年有部剧本因其高度的艺术成就被称为“南戏之祖”，有哪位同学知道剧本名称是什么，它是谁的作品?(高明，字则诚，《琵琶记》)顺便介绍高明的故居在阁巷的柏树村，那里有纪念堂、集善院遗址(高则诚少年时读书学习处)、高郎桥遗址等。正是高则诚的《琵琶记》奠定了明清传奇的基本格局，我们应为此感到骄傲，也更应此去接触并学好中国古典戏曲。明清传奇特指用南曲写成的长篇戏曲剧本，是南戏的进一步发展，它荟萃了南戏和元杂剧的精华，成为明清时期重要的戏剧体裁之一。今天我们要学习明清传奇中的精品《牡丹亭》，
三.介绍汤显祖及《牡丹亭》
[教师通过简单介绍作者和作品来提高学生的阅读兴趣，尽量帮助学生扫清阅读障碍。]
1.关于作者
汤显祖(1550~1616),字义仍，号海若、若士、清远道人，江西临川人，明代戏曲作家。与莎士比亚同时代，一在东方，一在西方，遥相呼应，都是剧坛泰斗。他的剧作“临川四梦”(《紫钗记》《牡丹亭》《邯郸记》《南柯记》)中《牡丹亭》影响最大。汤显祖曾说“一生四梦，得益处惟在牡丹”。
他是明代著名思想家，与被封建正统派视为洪水猛兽的进步思想家李贽zhì、与以禅宗来反对程朱理学的达观禅师交往密切，追求个性解放，提出以情反理，“情有者理必无，理有者情必无”的进步主张。戏剧创作上他反对拘于律声，提倡灵性，是明代浪漫主义文艺思潮的旗手之一。
2.关于作品《牡丹亭》
《牡丹亭》，原名《牡丹亭还魂记》，是汤显祖的代表作，共五十五出。这个故事既曲折离奇又充满了浪漫色彩：南安郡太守之女杜丽娘，长年禁锢在闺楼。一天，与丫环春香游览花园，为妩媚春色所陶醉。归来伏案小睡的梦境中，遇少年柳梦梅。从此相思缠绵，伤情而逝。三年后，柳梦梅临安赴考，途经南安，得见丽娘画像，见画生情，丽娘灵魂显现。次日，梦梅掘墓，丽娘还魂。有情人终成伴侣。
《牡丹亭》艺术上的最大特色是浪漫主义。首先通过“梦而死”、“死而生”的幻想情节表现了理想和现实的矛盾。杜丽娘所追求的理想在当时的现实环境里几乎是不可能实现的;可是在梦想、幻游的境界里，她终于摆脱了礼教的束缚，实现了梦寐以求的愿望。其次采取抒情诗的手法，倾泻出人物的内心感情。
3.《游园》在整部作品中的地位。《牡丹亭》全剧共五十五出(场)，《游园》是第十出《惊梦》中的前半部分，由六支曲子组成，主要是刻画杜丽娘的内心世界。在她走出深闺之前，她不知道“春色如许”，当她来到园中，领略了“姹紫嫣红”的春色，也就象征着她的青春的觉醒。
四、整体感知文本
1.简介常识
了解其组成：曲词：是剧中人物的唱词。各种角色都可以唱，可独唱、对唱、轮唱和合唱;
宾白：是剧中人物的说白。分对白、独白、旁白、带白(插在曲词中的说白)
科介：是剧本中关于动作、表情、和音响效果的舞台提示。
人物：旦 贴
字体变化：词牌名-----宋体五号外加黑括号
曲词------宋体五号
宾白------宋体小五
介--------仿宋小五外加小括号
传奇中重要人物上场时先唱引子，如【商调引子】，继以一段定场白，如【乌夜啼】，每出戏有下场诗。课文节选的《游园》是第十出的前半部分，故没有下场诗。
2.自读
学生结合课文有关注释自学，正音，有疑难处提出，先由学生互相解决。教师巡视，并主持质疑活动。[初步了解课文内容。]
正音：
炷zhù 恁nèn 髻jì 晌shǎng 钿diàn 揣chuǎi
迤tuō 茜qiàn 簪zān 颤chàn 颓tuí 垣yuán
乐lè 轩xuān 忒tuī/tēi 韶sháo 荼tú 縻mí
眄miǎn 缱qiǎn
补充注释：
(1)旦：与下文中的“贴”均是剧中女角。本剧旦扮演女主人公杜丽娘，贴是贴旦的省称，扮演次要的女角，本剧饰丫环春香。
(2)梦回：梦中醒来。乱煞：撩乱。年光：春光。两句意谓：春天的莺声惊醒迷梦，到处是撩乱人心的春光。
(3)恁(nèn)：怎么。似：胜似，过。三句意谓：时光在沉香燃尽中流逝，把没做完的刺绣活丢在一边，怎么今年春光触动自己的情感胜似去年呢?
(4)晴丝：游丝、飞丝，虫类所吐的丝缕，常在空中飘游。在春天晴朗的日子最易看见。
(5)“停半晌”五句意谓：暂停片刻对镜梳妆时，不料镜子偷看了自己半面，羞得我把头发也弄偏了。
(6)艳晶晶：光灿灿。爱好：爱美。“翠生生”三句意谓：你看我穿戴、打扮这么漂亮夺目，可知我的天性就是爱美的。
(7)“沉鱼落雁”两句：这是以鱼、鸟的惊动，花、月的羞惭烘托丽娘的美丽。
(8)泥：沾污，这里作动词用。
(9)姹紫嫣红：形容花的艳丽多彩。断井颓垣(yuán)：断了的井栏，倒了的短墙。这里是形容庭院的破旧冷落。
(10)忒(tui/tēi)：太。“锦屏人”句意谓：深闺中的女子太不珍惜这美好的春光。这是杜丽娘感叹自己平时得不到领略春色的机会，有负于大好春光。
(11)“牡丹”句：牡丹花更好，但它开于春末，怎能占位于春花之先呢?这里借花喻己，有叹息青春蹉跎之意。
(12)凝眄(miǎn)，
(13)剪：剪刀声。
(14)观之不足：看不厌。
(15)过遣：打发日子。
3.朗读 a学生齐读
b学生分角色朗读： 旦、 贴、 介
三、赏读曲词 .学生品读
(1)师：我想此时每位同学的脑海里，一定会浮现出一幅美丽的少女游园图。哪位同学愿意用语言与大家一起分享你构思的美景?
请一生描述。
(六支曲子构成了一幅美丽迷人的图画，断井颓垣、晴丝摇漾、莺啼燕舞、春花开遍、姹紫嫣红，还有多情而又年轻美貌的少女)
(2)师：这六支曲子都很美，不仅富有诗情画意，而且在借景抒情中刻画了人物形象。有许多地方值得细细品味，挑你喜欢的一支来品品、读读?并请在品好之后有感情地诵读曲词，读出杜丽娘当时的心情。
参考句式：我觉得(曲名) 中的“ ”这句(段)写得好，好 在 。
备用提问：
【绕池游】这支曲子揭开了游园的序幕，为整个游园奠定了感情的基调。
1、“梦回莺啭，乱煞年光遍”这句是什么意思?是写景吗?(鸟的歌声，把我从梦中唤醒。啊，到处都是撩乱人心的春光!不止是写景，从“乱煞”这个词可看出。)
2、“乱煞”这个词有何妙用?(不仅写了景——春光的热闹，还写了人——从中隐隐流露出杜丽娘心绪的烦乱)
3、你觉得杜丽娘游园前的生活是怎样的?从哪些语句和字词可看出来?(禁锢在深闺内院，生活单调乏味，厌烦无聊。“小庭深院”，说明她是被禁锢在深闺内院，天地极其狭窄。“炷尽沉烟，抛残绣线”是说，沉水香已经燃尽熄灭了，针线活没做完就被抛在一边。这里概括地描写了杜丽娘生活的典型环境，说明她的生活单调乏味：除了绣花就是闷睡。“炷尽沉烟，抛残绣线”一个“尽”，一个“抛”，一个“残”，就把她对针线的厌烦以及长睡后慵懒无聊的心情表露无遗。)
4、为什么“今春关情”还“似去年”?(不只是关心春天，更是因为她有一颗压抑不住的青春的心在隐隐跳动。)
5、能品出“莺啭”、 “乱煞”的另一种味道吗?(景中有情。“莺啭”不但惊醒了她的春梦，也唤醒了她的春情;“乱煞”不但写出春光热闹，也含有春意撩乱、春情难遣的味道了。)
【步步娇】是写杜丽娘游园前精心梳妆准备的情状，这支曲子写得极其新颖别致，把杜丽娘细腻复杂的内心活动，描绘得具体入微，淋漓尽致。
1、写春光、春意，作者为什么选取这不被人注意的晴丝，而不选桃红柳绿、蝶舞蜂喧?(可谓别出心裁，恰到好处。a晴丝只有春天天朗气清时才能见到，这就自然交代出春光明媚的背景。b晴丝袅袅，极细极微，只有象杜丽娘这样细心闲适的闺房小姐才会发现，也只有对春天十分“关情”的人才会专注地观察它。这从侧面反映了杜丽娘的身份和性格。而且，在这幽深寂寞的小院里，只能吹进象晴丝这样一点点可怜的春光，也说明深闺少女的寂寞可悲。c晴丝”同“情思”是谐语双关。“摇漾春如线”这“春”字，既是指春光，也可喻春情;既可说空中的晴丝摇漾如线，也可说是杜丽娘心中的春情象细线般颤动。春景与春情融合得如此紧密巧妙，曲折含蓄，真可谓达到了水乳交融、天衣无缝的地步。
2、为什么不说人照镜子，却说“菱花偷人半面”?运用了什么修辞方法?(拟人化，显得更加生动活泼)
3、杜丽娘用镜子照着面容都不好意思起来，你认为是什么原因?(恐怕是杜丽娘在镜中窥探到自己春情荡漾的内心隐秘，才羞答答不好意思吧!)
4、“步香闺怎便把全身现”反映了什么?(反映了封建礼教对闺中女子束缚的严重。)
【醉扶归】
1、前两句杜丽娘把自个来赞，写出她怎样的神态?(一个美丽华贵的少女顾影自怜、沾沾自喜的得意神态。)
2、怎么理解“可知我一生儿爱好是天然”?(爱美：穿戴、珍惜青春、对爱情的向往)
【皂罗袍】
1、这段文字历来广被吟咏，你认为美在何处?(a音韵美：压什么韵?(ian/uan)一韵到底，宛如一泓清泉流动，鸣响着泠冷的韵凋，给人以明快的美的享受。句式特点?(对比、整齐、用典)用了一系列近似对偶的句型，如“姹紫嫣红”对“断井颓垣”;“良辰美景”对“赏心乐事”。这一组组对比，既有力地渲染了情和景的矛盾，突出主人公的复杂微妙心理;而且使句式整齐华美，语言绮丽典雅，富于音乐美。
b、景美：描绘了一幅怎样的景图?这支曲子描绘了一幅(姹紫嫣红、景色宜人的春景图，富于诗情画意)。
c情美：面对此景，少女心事如何?(景美却情伤，反衬手法)这支曲子表达了杜丽娘怎样的思想情感。“原来”、“似这般”、“都付与”这几个副词饱含着主人公无限惊讶、感叹、惋惜，带有极强烈的感情色彩。主人公惜春伤春的情感，表达了她冲破封建牢笼、反抗封建礼教的精神和愿望不能实现的郁闷心情。(反叛精神或个性解放愿望)。
在这绮丽如画的游园场面里，杜丽娘年轻貌美，打扮俏丽，含情脉脉，顾影自怜。她缓缓步入花园，顿感美好的自然景色，与幽禁的深闺生活迥然不同，自己一向辜负了韶光年华。面对着姹紫妈红的百花与断井颓垣的残景而形成的鲜明对照，她不由得思绪万千，益增惆怅。春光如此烂漫明媚，燕语莺声如此动听，更诱发了她内心深藏的春情，引起了她对年华在深闺寂寞生活中淡淡消逝的叹惜，唤醒了她青春的觉醒，这巧妙地把抒情与写景结合在一起，情景交融，委曲地透露了这个少女爱情的苦闷，展现了心理活动和境界美，富有诗情画意。
2、用合唱形式给我们展示了一幅怎样的画面，对刻画杜丽娘形象有何作用?(绚丽的广阔的，衬托可怜)“朝飞暮卷，云霞翠轩;雨丝风片，烟波画船”。这两句十六字里，我们仿佛看到了雕梁画栋，飞阁流丹;看到了云蒸霞蔚，碧瓦亭台;和煦的春风夹带着蒙蒙细雨，烟波浩渺的春水中浮动着美丽的游艇……这是多么迷人而又略带怅惘色彩的春景啊!它使我们的视野由狭小的园林扩展到寥廓的境界，让我们随同主人公去畅想更广阔的天地，更美好的自然。然而，这对杜丽娘来说是可望而不可及的。这就更加衬托出她处境的可怜，如同囚笼中的小鸟一般。
【好姐姐】
杜丽娘的感伤情绪，在第五支描写赏花的曲子[好姐姐]中，又有所发展。这支曲子提到了三种花，作者是别具深意的。杜鹃历来被当作悲剧的象征，“遍青山啼红了杜鹃”正是借用了“杜鹃啼血”的典故，渲染了一种浓郁的感伤气氛。荼縻是晚春开的花，写它主要为突出尚未开花的牡丹。“牡丹虽好，它春归怎占的先”，才是作者笔意所在。牡丹具有国色天香，被人们誉为百花之王。可是，等它开花，春天就要过去了。杜丽娘以牡丹自比，想到自己“如花美眷，似水流年”，“颜色如花，岂料命如一叶”，自然分外伤心。所谓“烟丝(即晴丝)醉软”，也衬托出杜丽娘幽怨缠绵、如痴如醉的情状。上面是以花喻人，下面作者又以鸟衬人。成对的莺燕快活欢唱，更反衬杜丽娘的孤独寂寞。这支曲子处处借景抒情，一花一鸟都扣紧了杜丽娘的心理活动。颇有“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”的味道。至此，杜丽娘的伤感情绪再也无法排解了。
最后一曲[隔尾]：
天真的春香不理解杜丽娘的心事，还嫌“观之不足”，这更反映出杜丽娘的孤独、苦闷，身边连个像红娘那样的知心姐妹都没有。
游园原是为了消愁解闷，谁知越游愁越重，这真是“抽刀断水水更流，举杯消愁愁更愁”了。显然，杜丽娘的愁闷是时代、社会所决定，决不是游园所能解决的。但是，游园进一步唤醒了杜丽娘青春的觉醒，此后，她在追求幸福爱情的道路上迈出了更勇敢的步子。
小结：《游园》中情景交融手法的运用也达到了炉火纯青的地步。写景、抒情和人物的心理刻画，浑然一体，景中情和情中景很难加以区分。短短六支曲子使我们仿佛跟随杜丽娘游了一次花园，不但领略到鸟语花香，满园春光，而且感受到女主人公细微复杂的心理脉搏，听到了如怨如诉的内心独白。这也是这出戏至今生命不衰的重要原因。
(3)杜丽娘游园时的心情是如何变化的?
(4)对她的变化你是怎么认识的?[自然人，社会人(封建礼教)]
(5)你是否也有过这种心理体验?你又是怎么看待你和杜丽娘的相同或差异?
四.翻唱曲词
有京剧、越剧、昆曲、黄梅戏
还有同学建议，能不能用演唱流行音乐的方式演唱曲词?
五、欣赏昆曲(视频)
〈皂罗袍〉
{课外练习}
1.下列词句解释不正确的一项是：
A.“乱煞年光遍”：意谓使人眼花潦乱、令人讨厌的春光到处都是。
B.“剪不断，理还乱， 闷无端”：形容空虚、寂寞、无聊、苦闷的心情。
C.“朝飞暮卷，云霞翠轩”：概括地描绘春天景色变化万千令人目不暇接。
D.“牡丹虽好，他春归怎占的先!”：牡丹花开太迟，难作春花之首，喻自己的青春被耽误。
(答案：A。没有令人讨厌的意识.)
2.对下列曲词分析不正确的一项是：
A.“炷尽沉烟，抛残绣线，恁今春关情似去年?”此系春香所唱，她也看出了小姐的无精打采，真是旁观者清，杜小姐懒于添香，不愿刺绣，原因是“关情”。
B.“袅晴丝，吹来闲庭院，摇漾春如线。”明写春景，暗写春情。作者巧妙地利用“晴丝”与“情思二的谐音，将春情寓于春景之中。
C.“停半晌，整花钿，没揣菱花，偷人半面，迤逗的彩云偏。”是写小姐的的羞涩、娇美之态，反映出深闺名媛“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的复杂心理。
D.“恰三春好处无人见”，是写大好春天风光之美却无人发现欣赏。
(答案：D。参看前后文可知，“三春好处”在此实喻指自己的青春美貌和情思。)
3.下面对杜丽娘游园心理变化的分析不正确的一项是：
A.刚开始杜丽娘在春和日丽之中，伫立在小庭深院，心神不定，感到“闷无端”。
B.一番装扮之后，她为即将来临的欢乐感到兴奋，却又带着几分初出闺房的羞怯;她热切地向往新的生活，却又有所顾忌。因而言“步香闺怎便把全身现”。
C.走入园中后，则感到自己正当青春妙龄，花容月貌赛过了春景又心花怒放。
D.忽然传来了 “生生燕语”、 “呖呖莺歌”，杜丽娘情绪一落千丈，人的顾影自怜和鸟儿的成双捉对，深深地刺激着杜丽娘，便怏快而去，结束了游园。
(答案：C。没有“心花怒放”只有美丽青春被耽误了的幽怨和伤感。)
4.对这段曲文分析不正确的一项是：
A.杜丽娘走出深闺，面对大好的春色，她感到自己的生命和大自然一样美丽，从而引起了自我觉醒，萌生了像木兰一样不让须眉的渴望和憧憬。
B.六支曲子构成了一幅美丽迷人的图画， 晴丝摇漾、莺啼燕舞、春花开遍、姹紫嫣红，还有多情而又年轻美貌的少女
C.杜丽娘的情绪经历了喜春——爱春——惜春——伤春几个阶段，杜丽娘这种要求身心解放的强烈感情，折射着那个要求个性解放的时代精神。
D.六支曲子把抒情、写景和刻画人物心理活动有机地结合起来，使这支游园曲产生了摄魂荡魄的艺术效果。
(答案：A。杜丽娘在此曲中是痛惜自己的青春被埋没，萌生了对爱情和自由幸福的渴望和憧憬。)
篇16：高中必修四《拿来主义》教案
一、 设计理念
《拿来主义》选自鲁迅先生的杂文集《且介亭杂文》，鲁迅先生杂文的特点是“嬉笑怒骂皆成文章”，他能用风趣幽默的语言揭露最深入人心的社会本质。《拿来主义》这篇课文主要批判了国民党反动政府的卖国行为和对待我国文化遗产的错误态度，阐明批判继承传统文化及外来文化的中心论点。读起来浅显易懂却引人深思，发人觉醒，给人启迪。该课文是人教版高中语文课本必修四第三单元的第一篇课文，在课前的单元导入中提出“阅读时从文章结构入手，沿着作者的思路，看作者怎样提出问题、分析问题和解决问题，怎样把观点与材料紧密结合来。”本文的设计理念也是从文章的 篇章结构出发，引导学生通过文本细读把握作者的语言特点和写作思路，理清作者提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的思维脉络。同时激发学生的问题意识，引导他们运用“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式学习本文，品味杂文语言的犀利与严密，探讨文章思维的深邃与发散，感受文章极强的思想冲击力。还要通过拓展探究培养学生的思维能力，敢于发表个人见解，善于在课文的基础上联系自身的学习经历、生活体验等开拓更广阔的思考空间。
二、 前情分析
1. 学情分析
本次教学的对象是高二的学生，要认识到授课主体的主要特点。第一，高二
学生的阅读理解能力已经达到一个较为成熟的水平，所以理解课文内容不应该是本次教学的重点，透过现象看本质，发掘作者字里行间的背后蕴含的深刻寓意才是高二学生应该有的水平。第二，经过前期的学习，高二学生的思维能力已经具备一定的基础，教师要在此基础上有规律地进行引导，逐步深入，层层递进，发展他们的思维能力。第三，高二学生对议论文的基本特点与写作手法有所掌握，学习本文应该不会遇到太大的障碍，文章结构思路分析的难度不至于过深。最后，高二学生有足够的自主思考和研究的能力，他们思维活跃，表现欲强，所以课堂应以学生为主体，给予他们更多的表现自己的机会，设置合作探究的环节加强课堂互动。但这个阶段也存在不少学生有想法却不懂怎样去更好地理解与表达，需要老师在教学过程中多做点拨，启发学生的思考方向。
2. 教材分析
《拿来主义》这篇文章选自人教版高中语文课本必修四第三单元第一课。作
者是20世纪中国重要作家，现代文学家，思想家，革命家——鲁迅先生。这一单元还有《父母与孩子之间的爱》、《热爱生命》《人是一根能思想的苇草》《信条》等课文。《拿来主义》这篇课文是一篇说理性的议论文，文章结构安排巧妙，先破后立，破中有立，同时又具有一定的文学性，文中运用不少贴切到位的比喻来论证作者想要阐述的中心观点。本文的教学应该抓住文章的语言、结构、思维、探究这几个重要的环节，培养学生对社会现实问题的敏感程度，指引他们学会从不同的角度去思考、质疑或阐发，那学生也就接近或进入了更高的境界。
3.教学重难点
本文的教学重点是理清文章的写作思路和结构布局，把握作者所要论证的中心观点，品味杂文语言幽默、犀利、深刻的特点。学习议论文写作中比喻论证、对比论证的写作技巧。
本文的教学难点是分析作者的思维脉络，学习作者“以小见大”的写作方式，结合现实社会实际情况思考“拿来主义”所蕴含的深邃意义。引导学生思维发散，多角度思考，培养他们敢于质疑、敢于阐述个人理解的自主学习探究能力，在他们心中树立正确对待文化遗产以及外来文化的观点与态度。
4.教学准备
(1) 教学学具：多媒体课件
(2) 教学方法：提问法、讲解法、点拨法、激励法、评价法、合作探究法等
(3) 教学资源：教材、课件、图片、课内教参、课外资料
三、教学目标
(1)知识与技能
1. 熟悉鲁迅先生《拿来主义》这篇文章的写作背景。
2. 理解鲁迅先生在文中所表达的批判地吸收外来文化与批判地继承传统文化的观点。
3. 理清这篇杂文的写作结构与思路。
4. 认真揣摩这篇文章语言的生动、幽默、犀利与含蓄，把握杂文语言的基本特点。
(2)过程与方法
1. 掌握文章中对比论证、比喻论证的议论文写作技巧。
2. 研习文章说理议论与文学性兼并的文本内涵。
3. 结合文章写作背景理解“拿来主义”的含义及其实质。
(3)情感、态度与价值观
1.发展学生对于文本内容和现实生活的严密逻辑思维能力。
2.指导学生树立正确对待文化遗产及外来文化的观念和态度，学会批判地吸收与继承。
3. 启发学生多方面思考问题，勇于质疑、阐发，将文本与现实生活紧密联系起来。
四、教学过程
(一)材料导入
【设计意图】
学生学习这篇鲁迅先生的《拿来主义》，必须先熟悉这篇杂文的写作背景。只有了解了该文的写作背景，才能够真正领会鲁迅先生在本文想要阐明的文章主旨。所以本设计在导入部分就展示《拿来主义》的相关写作背景，既能与文本密切联系，也对学生理解文本做好相应的铺垫。
【设计内容】
1934年，日本帝国主义侵略我国的东北三省后，野心膨胀，妄图吞并整个中国华北地区，中华民族危难深重。然而，当时国民党反动政府却推行“攘外必先安内”的卖国反~政策，对日本侵略者实行不抵抗主义。蒋介石还提倡以“四维”(礼、义、廉、耻)和“八德”(忠、孝、仁、爱、信、义、和、平)为基本内容的“新生活运动”，以此来巩固国民党的反动统治。对外出卖国家领土，对内实行反革命的军事“围剿”和文化“围剿”。
由于这个时期帝国主义长期的经济侵略、军事侵略和文化侵略，当时在对待古代文化和外国文化问题上，实际存在着两种错误态度：一种是全盘肯定，全盘吸收;一种是全盘否定，盲目排斥。同学们，面对这两种完全不同的态度，你们是如何评价的?或者也可以回答老师的另一个问题，读完了上述展示的材料，你们内心有什么想法?(这两个问题都是开放性的问题，重点在于学生个人的自由理解与发表意见，教师要鼓励学生敢于表达自己的感想，将课堂的气氛活跃起来。)
这两种态度，都是不利于我国革命文化的发展的。鲁迅先生针对敌人破坏新文化发展的种.种罪行，针对革命阵营内部某些人对待古代文化和外国文化的错误态度，用他犀利的笔墨写下了两篇文章。一篇是《论“旧形式的采用”》，阐明正确对待古代民族文化遗产的态度;一篇就是我们今天要学习的《拿来主义》，着重阐明对待外国文化遗产的态度。接下来就让我们走进《拿来主义》这篇经典杂文，去感受其中深邃的思想。
(二)初读感知
同学们，请自由地阅读课文，阅读时请注意这篇课文的语言特点。(学生阅读课文期间，老师要写好课文名称与作者的板书)
同学们自由阅读完以后，教师要提几个较为简单的问题，检验学生的阅读效果。
(1)同学们这篇文章属于什么文体?(议论文)
(2)本文的论点是什么?(拿来主义)
(3)请同学们用原文的一句话来回答什么是“拿来主义”。(我们要运用脑髓，放出眼光，自己来拿!)
(三)再读文本理清思路
【设计意图】
学习《拿来主义》这样的议论杂文时，学生的学习动力相比学习散文、小说等这类文体要薄弱许多。很多学生在文本学习时会遇到障碍，明显感到难度的加深，不知从何学起。教师的任务在于把复杂的文本内容简单化，帮助学生理清文章的写作思路，整体把握文章的框架，初步体会作者论述的中心观点，为接下来深入探究文本奠定学习基础。
【设计内容】
(1)作者在论述“拿来主义”之前，先写了哪些主义?作者对于这于这些主义持有怎样的态度?作者是如何批判这些主义的?
(答案预设：作者在点明拿来主义之前，论述了闭关主义、送去主义、送来主义。作者对这些主义都持有否定、批判的态度。闭关主义——自己不去，别人也不许来。闭关锁国政策。结果“给枪炮打破了大门”“碰了一串钉子”，遭到多国侵略，签订一系列不平等条约，逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会。送去主义——国民党反动政府卖国行为。“发扬国光”，作者列举“古董”、“梅兰芳博士”“尼采”为例论述送去主义，结果是资源耗尽，子孙后代失去生存下去的根基。送来主义——帝国主义对中国的经济文化的侵略占有。其后果是整个中国社会被外来文化控制束缚，传统文化遭受严重的危机，导致一些人对外文化完全偏激的排斥拒绝。)
(2)作者在哪一节提出“拿来主义”的中心论点?(这个问题很简单，第七节，全班一起回答)作者为何要先论述闭关主义、送去主义、送来主义，在提出拿来主义呢?教师引导：这些主义之间有何关系?注意有一个关键词的运用。
(答案预设：关注提出中心论点时“所以”这个词的运用，前后论述表明了因果关系，也就是作者文章先写的是为何要提出“拿来主义”的主张。)
(3)那么顺着我们上述分析出来的思路，作者在第八、九段又在论述什么呢?(论述我们如何实行拿来主义)最后一段又写了哪些内容?(最后一段是对之前所论述内容的总结与升华，不仅总结了我们应该如何对待外来文化，还阐明了主张“拿来主义”会有怎样的成果，同时更提出了拿来主义的最终目的——创新。)
(4)同学们，讲过上述问题的梳理，你们是否已经把握了文章的写作思路呢?请一位同学来总结概括一下。
(答案预设：第一部分(1—6)：为什么要实行拿来主义;第二部分(7)：拿来主义的内涵;第三部分(8—9)如何实行拿来主义;第四部分(10)全文论述的总结深化。)
(四)精读文本内涵研习
【设计意图】
前一步教师引导学生理清而来整篇课文的写作思路，这一步就要引导学生去品味文本内容的内涵。鲁迅先生的文章具有深刻的文化底蕴，读起来并不是那么容易。《拿来主义》这篇杂文更是需要精读分析才能够帮助学生领会文字背后所蕴含的深刻内涵。但是精读文本也并非将文本中所有的内容都一一拿出来解读，因为课堂的时间毕竟是有限的，所以教师需要从中选取不叫重要的内容指导学生进行深入分析，并要求他们用类似的方法在课余时间继续分析文本其他内容，训练他们的语言表达能力与思维能力。
【设计内容】
(1)原文第一段：
自从给枪炮打破了大门之后，又碰了一串钉子，到现在，成了什么都是“送主义“了。别的且不说罢，单是学艺上的东西，近来就先送一批古董到巴黎去展览，但终“不知后事如何”;还有几位“大师”们捧着几张古画和新画，在欧洲各国一路的挂过去，叫作“发扬国光”。
问：这里“别的暂且不说吧”这一句话有什么作用?
(答案预设：这一句话框定了作者所要论述的现象的范围，只讲学艺上的事，论述方向清晰明确。而且只针对一个方面进行阐述，使得作者所要揭露的社会现实更为深刻。再从另一个方面思考，单是学艺方面的送去主义就已经造成严重后果，可见国民党政府所奉行的卖国主义政策带来的中华民族带来的空前危机。)
(2)原文第四段、第五段
这种奖赏，不要误解为“抛来”的东西，这是“抛给”的，说得冠冕些，可以称之为“送来”，我在这里不想举出实例。
我在这里也并不想对于“送去”再说什么，否则太不“摩登”了。我只想鼓吹我们再吝啬一点，“送去”之外，还得“拿来”，是为“拿来主义”。
问：这里作者用了第4个意思较相近的词语，我们有必要辨析它们分别的含义。请一组同学来分别解释一下这四个词的意思：抛来、抛给、送去、送来。
(答案预设：“抛来”是指把无用的东西抛掉，或者无代价地送人或施舍，一般不怀什么不良的动机或目的。“抛给”是指有目的的，带恶意的输出。“送来”是被动接受，是国民党政府自欺欺人的说法，其实是帝国主义文化对我国的侵略。“送去”这里是讽刺国民党反动统治推行卖国主义政策，任由帝国主义列强侵犯我国的主权和领土，不抵抗，懦弱。)
(3)原文第七段
所以我们要运用脑髓，放出眼光，自己来拿!
问：如何理解本文的中心论点?
(答案预设：有思考，有鉴别，有选择。“运用脑髓”是指要有独立思考的能力，要有我们自己的选择。“放出眼光”是指要有辨别精华与糟粕的能力，有对事物的洞察力。“拿来”更是凸显出我们要积极主动地吸收借鉴外来文化，挑选出有用的东西化为己用。)
(五)文本结构分析
【设计意图】
《拿来主义》这篇杂文的一个突出的特色，就是其巧妙的行文结构安排技巧。学生们通过上一个环节的文本分析已经对文章内容具备了一定深度的理解能力，在此基础上引导他们分析文章的行文结构，学生能比较容易领会写文章的结构技巧。对于高二的学生来说，思维已经稍显成熟，再经过前段时间的学习讨论，这一环节的难度有所降低。
【设计内容】
(1)文章开篇为何没有直接写“拿来主义”主义这个中心论点，而是先写了“闭关主义”、“送去主义”呢?
(答案预设：这是一种先破后立的行文结构。作者先不谈“拿来主义”，而是先论述“闭关主义”、“送去主义”，是为引出“拿来主义”做铺垫，作者通过前文批判闭关主义、送去主义，自然地提出拿来主义的观点，表面上像是在绕弯，其实是先破后立，破中有立。再从另一个层面讲，“闭关主义”和“送去主义”都是作为拿来主义的对立面，文章这样的结构安排是为了突出对比鲜明，可以更加衬托出“拿来主义”的中心论点。)
(2)文章第五段中正式提出了“拿来主义”的观点，为何在行文结构上没有就这个观点直接进行论述，还要论述一段“送来”与“拿来”呢?
(答案预设：从本文的结构安排上看，作者在第五段先提出“拿来主义”的观点，确立本文所要论述的中心思想，第六段是为了厘清“送来”与“拿来”的关系，强调“拿来”的真正含义是有选择的取舍，再引出本文的主旨，也就是第七段。然后继续论述“如何拿来”，逻辑严密，条理清晰。)
(六)合作探究
【设计意图】
语文课堂的教学形式应该具有多样性，不能只局限于讲解法、提问法这样的教学模式，否则语文课堂教学就会失去活跃的氛围，学生也会失去学习的激情，进入消极的状态。所以课堂上需要设置学生合作探究的环节，共同探讨文本中的内涵与技巧。以小组为单位，学生之间互相交流学习，共同分享学习成果，通过小组合作来加深学生对文本的分析理解，培养学生“自主、合作、探究”的学习意识。
【设计内容】
(1)《拿来主义》这篇课文是逻辑思维严密的议论文，请同学们以四人为单位自由组成小组，我们一起来合作探讨一下，本文有哪些论证方法?(给学生5分钟的时间自由交流讨论，然后每组选派一位代表来回答讨论结果。)
(答案预设：1.比喻论证法。将大宅子比喻成文化遗产，将鱼翅比喻成文化中的精华，将鸦片比作文化中的糟粕。通过比喻论证以穷青年对待大宅子的态度来阐明我们对待文化遗产应有的正确态度，吸取精华，去其糟粕，先挑后占。形象生动，这样论证易于读者理解。2.对比论证法。将“送去”与“送来”进行对比，“送来”何为“拿来”进行对比，通过对比论证进一步深化“拿来主义”的内涵，使全文的中心观点更加突出，我们要积极主动有选择地“拿来”。3.类比论证法。课文中第三段作者将政府一味奉行的“送去主义”与尼采进行类比。尼采自诩是太阳，光热无穷，只是给予，不想取得，可是尼采最后的结局是发疯了。通过这样的类比论证来说明奉行“送去主义”不会带来好结果，它只会使我们国家资源耗尽，子孙后代难以继续生存下去。这样的论证方式更具有说服力。)
(2)《拿来主义》这篇杂文语言特点鲜明，请同学们再重新回到文本中，去细细品味鲁迅先生杂文独特的语言风格。还是按前一个问题所组成的四人小组为单位，大家一起来品析一下语言特点。请回答问题的同学找出文中具体的例子一起加以说明。
(答案预设：抓住本文的关键词句，鉴赏作者精准的词句运用。比如“送去”“送来”“抛给”“抛来”“拿来”这个个相似词的辨析应用，可以看出作者语言运用的缜密。再比如“自从给枪炮打破了大门之后，又碰了一串钉子”“活人代替了古董，我敢说，也可以算得显现出一点进步了”这样的语句，极具讽刺意味，显示出文章语言的幽默、犀利。文章中还运用了许多贴切的比喻，“孱头”“昏蛋”“废物”这些词都准确精当地比喻了面对文化遗产的错误态度与观点，文章语言更为生动形象。诸如此类的语言在文本中还有许多，引导学生自由寻找并抒发自己的语言体会，最重要的是他们小组合作探究后的独特的解读成果。)
(七)拓展延伸
【设计意图】
经过上述的教学过程，同学们应该可以基本上掌握《拿来主义》这篇课文，在此基础上就要设置“文本与世界”相联系的环节。这个环节的主要目的是将文本内容与现实生活联系起来，指导学生能够从所学文本出发引发对现实社会生活的思考，发散他们的思维，训练他们的思维能力，从不同角度考虑现实问题，提出质疑、见解，阐明自己独特的观点。
【设计内容】
展示一段材料：
近代的中国历史是一部中华民族的屈辱史和血泪史，也是中华民族的奋斗史和抗争史。自鸦片战争以来，中国由一个独立自主的封建国家沦为西方列强的半殖民地，西方列强开始在各个方面对中国进行侵略渗透。这种侵略渗透对近代以来中国社会文化的变迁影响巨大，至今依然存在历史的余响。
当今中国社会受西方文化影响特别深，年轻人喜欢用苹果电子产品、喜欢喝可口可乐、喜欢过西方节日、喜欢看好莱坞大片、喜欢NBA等等，却将将传统的戏曲、民俗、声乐、节日等传统文化视如草芥，难逃崇洋媚外的嫌疑，中国传统文化、艺术正面临失传的危险。
鲁迅先生所主张的“拿来主义”，对于今天的中国仍有非常深刻的现实意义，请同学们发散你们的思维，来谈一谈“拿来主义”在文化全球化的当今社会其真正的实质与内涵又如何理解?(拓展探究问题考验的是学生走出文本，切合现实的思维能力，该问题没有任何答案标准，也没有预设的方向，给予学生充分的空间自由发挥，任何形式的答案都具有个性化的价值，都值得教师肯定。)
五、形成性作业
【设计意图】：
教师引导学生巩固拓展、自主思考、研究发现、创新解读，在掌握相关文本的同时，通过形成性作业完成一个有效的教学评价，从而根据教学效果合理改进教学过程，进而使教学效果达到最佳。
【设计内容】
1.完成《拿来主义》这篇课文相应的课后练习与作业。
2.通过学习本文的论证方法，训练学生的写作能力。要求学生选择一个当下热门的现实问题为主题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
六、板书设计
七、课堂小结
同学们，通过本文的学习，我们通过自由朗读，独立思考，问题研究，小组讨论等学习过程，理清了《拿来主义》这篇课文清晰的写作这思路，分析了其“先破后立”的行文结构，掌握了其多种形式的论证方法，品析了文本中形象、含蓄、犀利的语言特色。本文以小见大，用细致贴切的比喻来阐明“拿来主义”的科学观点，从提出问题、分析问题再到解决问题，透过文字表面领悟其中的深刻内涵。在全球化的世界背景下，中国已经位于全球发展的中心圈，面对多元化文化的发展，鲁迅先生的“拿来主义”仍然具有启迪作用，即运用脑髓、放出眼光、自己来拿!
篇17：高中必修四《拿来主义》教案
教学目标
知识与技能:1了解杂文特点 2 掌握先破后立的论证方式及几种论证方法:因果论证 类比论证 对比论证 比喻论证
过程与方法:体会鲁迅杂文幽默犀利的语言特色以及讽刺、反语手法的运用。
情感态度价值观：领会“拿来主义”的精神实质，明确对待文化遗产的正确态度——批判地继承。领会“拿来主义”的现实意义。
教学重点
1、学习本文运用比喻进行论证说理的方法，学习因果论证的写作方法。
2、领会鲁迅杂文语言的特点
3、领会“拿来主义”的精神实质。
教学步骤
一[导 入]
二作者简介、杂文特点和写作背景
三 研读课文
1思考：“拿来”的观点是在哪一段提出来地，是从哪一段开始阐述的?
明确：第2段点到“拿来”后，第5、6段再次点到，直到第7段，才开始正面阐述“拿来主义”这一主张。
2快速阅读课文的一到六小节，学生讨论，以下问题
(1)什么是“闭关主义”呢?作者是怎么否定它的?
(2)“到现在，成了什么都是‘送去主义’了” ，作者这样说有依据吗?
(3)品味其中的语言“不知后事如何”“捧”“挂”“发扬国光”“算得显出一点进步”
① “近来就先送一批古董……但终不知后来如何”——诙谐调侃，暗示反动当局借展览之名，行盗卖之实。
② “还有几位大师……叫做‘发扬国光’”——“捧”、“挂”表示恭敬、庄重，张扬的字眼与“几张”这微小的数目形成强烈反差，极尽奚落、讽刺意味。“大师”与“发扬国光”用表示否定的引号，形成“反语”。
③“活人代了古董……进步了”——讽刺卖国行径愈演愈烈。
(4)怎样否定“送去主义”的呢? 用什么论证方法?
(5)品味句子：‘我在这里也并不想对于‘送去’再说些什么，否则太不‘摩登’了。”“摩登”是什么意思?作者为什么这么说?
(6)“送来”的都是些什么东西?作者用一个成语来给这些东西定位，是哪个成语?。
这种“送来”的本质是什么呢?
四质疑
五小结
六延伸探究
1、从中外历史发展的角度举例分析什么是“拿来”和“送来”，并说明其产生的后果。
【提示】胡服骑射，北魏孝文帝改革，日本的“遣唐使”，中国的“四大发明”向欧洲的输出，黄道婆把先进的纺织技术带到海南，不同时期粮食作物的引进等等，各国各民族之间“拿来”“拿去”促进了各国各民族乃至全世界的巨大发展。外国向中国学习并“拿去”中国先进技术和先进文化(比如说丝绸、茶叶与瓷器以及“四大发明”等)的同时，却并没有哪个国家“拿去”中国摧残人性的丑陋的“三寸金莲”。而帝国主义强行“送来”的鸦片导致了中国的鸦片战争，极为深刻地影响了中国的历史进程，成为中国近代史上影响最大的事件。
五作业：预习后面的课文，体会文中比喻论证的妙处和各比喻的具体含义。
板书
——枪炮打破了大门，又碰了一串钉子 惧外
送古董
送画 媚外求荣
送活人
只是给与
不想取得
类 比
地大物博
慷慨大度
《拿来主义》教案(第二课时)
教学目标
知识与技能:1体会杂文特点 2 掌握比喻论证的方法
过程与方法:通过讨论、探究领会比喻论证的好处 体会鲁迅杂文幽默犀利的语言特色以及讽刺、反语手法的运用。
情感态度价值观：领会“拿来主义”的精神实质，明确对待文化遗产的正确态度——批判地继承。领会“拿来主义”的现实意义。
教学重点
1、学习本文运用比喻进行论证说理的方法，学习因果论证的写作方法。
2、领会鲁迅杂文语言的特点
3、领会“拿来主义”的精神实质。
一导入
由大小S到北大讲学的事件讲起
二、研读课文
1：读课文，文中的“大宅子”比喻什么?这是什么论证方法?文中的穷青年,对“大宅子”，有多少种态度呢?
明确：对待“大宅子”的态度和方法有：
① 孱头徘徊不敢走进门 (怯懦 害怕继承 拒绝借鉴 逃避主义)
② 昏蛋放一把火烧光 (盲目排外 全盘否定 虚无主义)
③ 废物欣欣然接受一切 (崇洋媚外 全盘接受 投降主义)
④ 拿来主义者“占有，挑选” (学生可能只找到三种)
2：对待文化遗产还有第四种态度吗?(你最欣赏哪一种态度?
3：“拿来主义”者是怎样“挑选”文化遗产的?
明确：有益的(即“鱼翅”)，要“拿来”，而且“使用”;既有危害又有用处的(即“鸦片”)，要吸取、使用它有用处的方面，清除它有害的方面;人民根本不需要的(即“烟灯”“烟枪”和“姨太太”)，原则上加以“毁灭”(只留少许送博物馆)。
4最后一段是结论。齐读第10段，回答下面的问题：
①揣摩“使用”“存放”“毁灭”与上文的对应关系。
明确：①使用——(鱼翅)吃掉，(鸦片)供治病;存放——(鸦片)送到药房去，(烟具)送一点进博物馆;毁灭——(烟具)大可以毁掉;(姨太太)请她们各自走散
②“拿来”者应具有的素质是什么?
明确“沉着、勇猛、有辨别、不自私”。
③填空：“没有拿来的，人不能自成为新人，没有拿来的，文艺不能自成为新文艺”。即“拿来”的目的是为了________(限填两字)。
明确：创新
三 质疑
四 拓展练习：用什么比喻什么 阐述了什么观点?
拿洗脸作比方，我们每天都要洗脸，许多人并且不止洗一次，洗完之后还要拿镜子照一照，要调查研究一番，生怕有什么不妥当的地方。你们看，这是何等地有责任心呀!我们写文章，做演说，只要像洗脸这样负责，就差不多了。拿不出来的东西就不要拿出来。须知这是要去影响别人的思想和行动啊!一个人偶然一天两天不洗脸，固然也不好，洗后脸上还留着一个两个黑点，固然也不雅观，但倒没有什么大危险。写文章做演说就不同了，这是专为影响人的，我们的同志反而随随便便，这就叫做轻重倒置。——毛泽东《反对党八股》
(洗脸不止一次，还要检查验收。写文章做演说比洗脸更重要，它要“影响别人的思想和行动”。作者以认真负责的“洗脸”设喻，阐明写文章要认真修改推敲的道理，妙趣横生。)
五 拓展探究：
今天是一个高度开放的时代，全球一体化、信息社会化，我们越来越感觉到，世界是如此广阔，中国正走向世界，世界也在瞩目中国。那么，作为一个青年人，在民族复兴的今天，我们该如何取舍?请大家联系现实谈谈今天我们是否需要拿来主义?
六总结 布置作业作业:请你就以下论题中 ，寻找有关资料，选择一个角度，写一篇800字左右的文章。
A、也谈“送去” B、“拿来主义”新说
板书：
(破)闭关主义 送去主义 送来主义
孱头
旧人 昏蛋
废物
(立) 拿来主义
鱼翅 吃掉 精华
鸦片 送药房 糟粕但有价值
新人
烟灯烟枪 送 毁掉 旧形式
(占有 挑选)姨太太 走散 腐朽的封建文化
★ 学期教学计划
★ 高中教师教学计划
★ 高二生物教学计划
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