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高考英语语法讲义

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高考英语语法讲义（共7篇）由网友“傲娇毒舌江蓠酱”投稿提供，以下是小编给大家整理的高考英语语法讲义，欢迎大家前来参阅。

高考英语语法讲义

篇1：高考英语语法讲义

高考英语语法讲义

1. 语法概述（主要内容：英语语法的学习方法与高考应试技巧、高考英语语法考点总体架构解析）

2. 名词、数词、冠词

3. 代词

4. 代词（续）、形容词与副词

5. 动词概述（主要内容：解析包括情态动词在内的动词各类型）

6. 时态

7. 语态、语气、非谓语动词

8. 非谓语动词（续）、介词

9. 定语从句

10. 状语从句

11. 名词性从句、主谓一致

12. 倒装句、省略句、情景交际单选题真题训练

Unit 1 语法概述

第一部分：应试技巧之真题演练（一）

1. Never ___ time come back again.

A．will lose B．will lost C．will losing D．will to lose

2. We had ___ arrived at the train station when the train began to move.

A．no sooner B．hardly C．almost D．nearly

3. The days we looked forward to ____ at last.

A．comes B．to come C．came D．coming

4. Time should be made good use of ___ our lessons well.

A．learing B．learned C．to learn D．learns

第二部分：应试技巧之真题演练（二）

― David has made great progress recently.

― ____, and ____．

A．So he has; so you have B．So he has; so have you

C．So has he; so have you D．So has he; so you have

第三部分：关于各种句子类型的否定式的总结注

一、陈述句的否定式

陈述句的否定式主要体现在谓语中。

1.对谓语的否定

（1）否定副词not通常总是放在谓语中第一个动词（助动词、系动词或情态动词）后面，一般现在时、一般过去时等时态下没有助动词、系动词或情态动词的句子必须加上助动词、系动词或情态动词后再加not。否定式中助动词、系动词和情态动词与not在口语里常缩成一个单词，如：aren't、isn't等等。“have”作“有”讲时的否定形式比较特殊，既可以在它后面直接加not，也可以在它的前面加“助动词 + not”。

注意：在主句接有宾语从句时，宾语从句的否定式习惯上放在主句谓语处。英语语法上有个概念叫“否定转移”，“否定转移”就是指将本属于that宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中的现象，“否定转移”发生在主句中发表看法、感觉的情况下，例如：I don't believe I've met you before.

否定转移也有一些例外情况，在以下情况下不允许否定转移：

①主句中添加情态动词否定式can't、mustn't、wouldn't等的'情况，例如：I can't believe that they are not married.

②从句中由no、never、nothing、nobody等否定词表否定或者由not just...but、just not...enough、not much、not quite等固定搭配进行否定，不便把否定转移到主句中去的情况，例如：I thought it explained nothing.

（2）由never、hardly等表示全部否定或部分否定的其他单词表示否定式，其通常置于谓语的第一个助动词、系动词或情态动词后（若无助动词、系动词或情态动词则直接放在作为谓语的实义动词前）。

2.对主语等名词性成分的否定

（1）可在该名词性成分前加no或not

注意事项：

①not和no的区别：no ( = not a /any )除用于回答一般疑问句外是形容词，只能作前置定语；not是否定副词、适用范围比no广，在作定语时not语气要比no弱而且not与其中心词之间须有冠词或者其他定语。试比较如下例句：He has not any friends here. 他在这里没有朋友。He has no friends here. 他在这里根本没有朋友。

②not与all、both、everyone、everybody等表“全部”意义的不定代词连用时构成“部分否定”。例如：Not all your classmetes like you. 你的同学有些喜欢你，但有些不喜欢你。Everybody can't do it. = Not everybody can do it. 并不是人人都能做这件事。

例外情况：all 与具有否定意义前缀或后缀的单词连用时表示全部否定。如：We all dislike smoking. 我们全都不喜欢抽烟。all与形式肯定而意义否定的其他词或词组连用时也表示全部否定，包括与too…to…、fail to、free of (from)连用等等。例如：All the people there are too old to work. 那里所有的人年龄都太大，不适合工作。All of them are now free from danger.他们全都脱离危险了。They all failed to keep their words. 他们全都没有信守诺言。

（2）用nothing、hardly、seldom、never、little等具有否定意义的其他单词表示。例如：I have never been there.

。。。。。。

完整的试卷内容，请免费下载：

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篇2：高考英语语法讲义

高考英语语法讲义

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）

“ 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的`意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词：具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot与remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了”二十年前的离开“而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）

I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）

I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）

-The light in the office is still on．

-Oh，I forgot _______ ．（MET 1991）

A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off（Key：C）

-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．

-Well，now I regret _______ that．（NMET 1995）

A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done（Key：D）

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用”情态动词＋have ＋done“结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 ”对立统一“来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用”统一“关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

篇3：英语语法讲义

英语语法讲义

主谓一致之一

主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。

这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致 2、意义一致 3、就近原则。

主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：

A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.

（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）

语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。

Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.

（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）

语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。

主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：

#不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。

To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。

What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。

##不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。

Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。

### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .

《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

The United States is leading the world in science and technology .

美国常在世界科技方面领先。

The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .

联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。

#### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。

The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.

近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。

A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：

On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边，有些人在打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。

Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。

A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。

###### 有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词、或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：

A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时，那家商店丢失了许多钱。

A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.

最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。

意义一致( Notional Concord )

这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。

1）当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单、复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。也就是说，我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去。从表面上我们也可以看出，它们与主语之间有”，“隔开。例如：

Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.

最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。

The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。

The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。

The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night.

昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了。

我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：

Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.

Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.

The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

As well as the suitcase, the missing things have been found and returned to the owner.

The missing things have been found and returned to the owner, as well as the suitcase.

2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指”有多少数量“则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：

Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.

人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.

二十年在人的'一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十块钱给一个

高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三

高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三

little,no,some, 等修饰。

I have read all the book (that) you gave me.

4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

He is the only person that I want to talk to.

5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。

This is the house where he lived last year.

This is the house that (which) he visited last year.

用no sooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.

当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。

South of the city lies a big steel factory.

From the valley came a frightening sound.

表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。

Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

部分倒装

用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.

3.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.

Try as he would, he might fail again.

如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。

Child as he was, he had to make a living.

用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等词开头的句子。

Never shall I do this again.

Little did he know who the woman was.

6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

Only in this way can you master English.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。

Only Wang Ling knows this.

用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!

stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,

an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;

papers 报纸, 文件 manners礼貌 drinks饮料

in a word 简言之?in other words 换句话说

have words with 与某人吵嘴

have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话

The crowd were running for their lives．

某些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for him.

高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之二

高中英语语法重点难点回顾之二

d that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)＋动词原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.

在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.

He is often heard to sing the song.

注意：不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如：

She could do nothing but cry.

What do you like to do besides swim?

I have no choice but to go.

作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.

There is nothing to worry about.

Please give me a knife to cut with.

There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.

动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:

admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(无法忍受)等。

I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。)

I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)]

mean to do 有意... mean doing意味着...

I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些来。)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)

allow, advise, forbid, permit

We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.

动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如：

The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).

在短语devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)

Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.

(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)

Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)

Asked to stay, I couldn’t very well refuse.

这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。

下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：

Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。

He used to live in London, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he?

There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there?

Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?

He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如:

We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?

含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn’t。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主语,例如：You must be tired,aren’t you?若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn’t。例如：You must go home right now, needn’t you?

当mustn’t 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如：

You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t＋主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t(hasn’t)＋主语, 例如：

He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?

You must have seen the film, haven’t you?

陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?

如果陈述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?

如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。

Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?

Everyone knows their job,don’t they?

No one was hurt,were they?

I’m late, aren’t I?

One can’t be too careful,can one(you)?

Have a cup of tea, will you?

Let’s go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?

同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that (不用which)及连接副词how, when, where, why等。例如：

His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

The news that our team has won the match is true.

She asked the reason why there was a delay.

关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:

A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

B)在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如：

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

It hasn’t been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.

C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：

It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

E)后面紧接or not 时。

We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

F)引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。

Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.

G)用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.

该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。

或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。

在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：

1)先行词是不定代词：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.

2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3)先行词被all,any,every, each, few,

高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一

高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一

主谓一致常考难题：

Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．

Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．

More than one student has seen the film.

Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

More members than one are against your plan.

一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．

并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:

Truth and honesty is the best policy．

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor．

To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:

The teacher as well as the students was excited．

The room with its furniture was rented．

A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:

Those who want to go please sign your names here．

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．

季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。

1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter

形容词的顺序：

系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料

Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table

某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。

某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。

1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地

2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地

3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不

4)late 晚，迟 lately近来

5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地

6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地

7)high高 highly高度地，非常地

8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”

9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)

10)near邻近nearly几乎

bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least

表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．

表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰：He works even harder than before．

注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。

He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．

在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：

The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．

A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．

表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.

The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］

A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.

例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.

你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。

表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：

I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.

但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:

They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.

6)almost与nearly

在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：

I’m not nearly ready.

在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：

I almost never see her.

need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：

You needn’t come so early.

Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.

注意：needn’t have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：You needn’t have waited for me.

“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。

You should have started earlier.

“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)

书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。

有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：

The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。

The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。

The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。

在动词 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)＋动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordere

篇4：高中英语语法讲义单词

高中英语语法讲义单词大全

高考高频难词

1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更

2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)

4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉

5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽

6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的

7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃

8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出

9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略

10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;幻灯片

11.bacteria n. 细菌

12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔

13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排

14.candidate n. 候选人

15.campus n. 校园

16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的

17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换

18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递

19.transplant v. 移植

20.transport vt. 运输 n. 运输,运输工具

21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变

22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化

23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见

24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子

25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心

26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的

27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的

28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的

29.nuisance n. 妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)

30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的

31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进

32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的

33.boundary n. 分界线,边界

34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)

35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目

36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的

37.vain n. 徒劳,白费

38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的

39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,

40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分

41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因

42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精

43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求

44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏

45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准

46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励

47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到

48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行

49.network n. 网状物;电视网;网络

50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流

51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的

52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹

53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨

54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛

55.wax n. 蜡

56.weave v. 织,编

57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持

61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂

62. academic a. 学术的;;研究院的

63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会

64. battery n. 电池(组)

65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏

66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物

67. career n. 生涯,职业

68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管

69. vertical a. 垂直的

70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激

71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊

72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度

73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的

74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的

75. petrol n. 汽油

76. petroleum n. 石油

77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁

78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽

79. decent a. 像样的,体面的

80. route n. 路;路线;航线

81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟

82. sake n. 缘故,理由

83. satellite n. 卫星

84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度

85. temple n. 庙宇

86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,

87. tend vi.易于,趋向

88. tendency n.趋向,趋势

89. ultimate a. 最大的,最终的 n. 极端

90. undergo v. 经历,遭受

91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的

92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳

93. adapt vi. 适应,改编,改写 vt. 使适应

94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉

95. casual a. 偶然的,;临时的;非正式的

96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉

97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的

98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器

99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的

100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学

101. organ n. 器官,风琴

102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩

103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出

104. expend v. 消费

105. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费

106. expense n. 开销,费用

107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的

108. expand v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀

109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀

110. private a. 私人的,个人的

111. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体

112. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的

114. personnel [总称]人员员工人事部门

115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋

118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋

119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予

119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的

120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭

121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的

122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢

123. balcony n. 阳台

124. calculate vt. 计算,核算

125. calendar n. 日历,月历

126. optimistic a. 乐观

127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的

128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显着的

129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出

130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入

131. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用

132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰

133. religious a. 宗教的

134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者

135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的,录像的

136. videotape n. 录像磁带

v. 把...录在录像带上

137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯

138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦

139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍

140. internal a. 内部的.,国内的

141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先

142. racial a. 人种的种族的

143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射

144. radical a.根本的;激进的

145. range n. 幅度,范围

v. (在某范围内)变动

146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹

v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑

147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立

148. issue n. 问题,争论点;

发行,(报刊)一期

149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道

150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住

151. adequate a. 适当地;足够

152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持

153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止

154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获

155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的

156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷

157. consistent a. 坚固定一致的

158. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)

159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的

160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增

161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采

162. explore v. 勘探

163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增

164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的

165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的

166. removal n. 除去,消除

167. render vt. 使得,致使

167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底

168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕

169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的

170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定

171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性

172. poverty n. 贫穷

173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,

抗...的,耐...的

174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意

175. barrel n. 桶

176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价

177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的

178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车

179. code n. 准则,法规,密码

180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕

181. adult n. 成年人

182. advertise v. 为...做广告

183. advertisement n. 广告

184. agency n. 代理商,经销商

185. focus v. (使)聚集

n. 焦点,中心,聚焦

186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止

187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论

188. debt n. 欠债

189. decade n. 十年

190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封

191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到

192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪

193. global a. 全球的;总的

194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览

195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻

196. significance n. 意义;重要性

197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的

198. virtue n. 美德,优点

199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的

200. orient vt. 使适应

(to,toward)使朝向 n. 东方

篇5：英语语法讲义（1）动词不定式

动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。

时态语态主动被动

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing /

完成式 to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing /

一、不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。

1、有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如：

afford aim agree arrange ask decide

bother care choose demand desire determine

elect endeavor hope fail help learn

long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend

refuse tend undertake expect hate intend

例如：

The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

2、有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：

ask choose expect help beg intend

like/love need prefer prepare want wish

例如：

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3、些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：

decide know consider forget learn remember

show, wonder find out tell inquire explain

例如：

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.

有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

二、不定式作补语

1、有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：

advise allow cause challenge command compel

drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel

induce instruct invite like/love order permit

make let have want get warn

persuade request send tell train urge

例如；

Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。

注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2、些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：

consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint

guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know

例如：

We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。

We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。

3、有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如：

believe expect intend like love mean

prefer want wish understand

例如：

We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。

You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。

三、不定式作主语

1、不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。

例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

2、但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如：

（对）To teach is to learn.

（错）It is to learn to teach.

（错）To teach is learning.

（错）Teaching is to learn.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于”形容词+动词不定式“结构的末尾。

3、It's for sb. to do和 It's of sb. to do句型的区别

这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。

1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

3）用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：

用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如：

You are nice. （通顺，所以应用of）。

He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）

四、不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。

His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。

五、不定式作定语

不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：

I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。

There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。

六、不定式作状语

1、作目的状语

常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2、作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。

I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。

He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。

3、作原因状语

I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。

She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。

4、表示理由和条件

He must be a fool to say so.

You will do well to speak more carefully.

七、用作介词的to

to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词，后面要跟动词-ing形式：

admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始

look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to

八、省去to 的动词不定式

1、情态动词（除ought 外）后。

2、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补时。

注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：

I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。

=They were made to work the whole night.

3、would rather，had better句型后。

4、Why… / why not…句型后

5、help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：

6、but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。

比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。

7、由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：

He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。

典型例题

1） ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

九、动词不定式的否定式

在不定式标志to前加上not。例如：

Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语，因此也B，D不对。

十、不定式的特殊句型

1、too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…。例如：

He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.

不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。

2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为”不太“。例如：

It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语）

3）当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。例如：

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

2、so as to

1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如：

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2）表示结果。例如：

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。

3、Why not

”Why not +动词原形“表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：”为什么不……?“ ”干吗不……?“。例如：

Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?

十一、不定式的时态和语态

1、一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如

He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2、完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。

He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。

3、进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：

He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。

4、完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：

She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。

5、动形式表示被动关系。如：

The book is said to have been translated into English. 据说这本书已被翻译成英文了。

十二、动名词与不定式

1、动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2、有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。

3、有些动词如forget接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。常见的，下面有专门讨论。

十三、特殊词精讲

1、stop doing/to do

stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing停止做某事。例如：

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择”stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事“。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

2、forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如：

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

3、remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4、regret doing/to do

regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

5、cease doing/to do

cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

6、try doing/to do

try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如：

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

7、go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如：

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

8、be afraid of doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为”怕“，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为”生怕，恐怕“。例如：

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

9、be interested in doing/to do

interested to do对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法）

10、mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如：

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

11、begin（start） doing/to do

begin / start to do sth 和begin / start doing sth.

1）谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

2） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：

I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

3）在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：

I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

4）事物作主语时。例如：

The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

12、感官动词 + 宾语 + doing/ do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +宾语+ do表示动作的完整性，+宾语+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调”我看见了“这个事实）

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调”我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

篇6：高考英语语法解题技巧

1、化繁为简，一目了然

一些参考书，包括词典对于语法的讲解过于抽象、冗长，学生花很长时间也难以记住，如在辨别receive和accept时，《英汉双解词典》(外文出版社，：6)这样说：“accept不但表示收到某物，并且在思想上加以允诺或肯定，有接受采纳的意思，比receive更进一步。receive为普通用法，可用于人，也可用于物，意思是‘收到’、‘受到’。”笔者认为这种解释不利于学生记忆，事倍功半。笔者在教学中借鉴一些好的方法，把其简化为：receive: “收到”、accept: “收下”，一字之差使其区别一目了然。并通过一句话：A pretty girl received a love letter, but didn’t accept it.(一个美丽的女孩收到了一封情书，但是没有收下。)来帮助学生更好地辨别其差别。

2、一言辨异，言简意赅

《星火英语新高考必备》(马德高主编，：6)中有很多值得我们借鉴的“一言辨异”法，笔者在此略举两例：Tears in her eyes, she tore her boy friend’s letter into pieces. (眼含着泪，她把男朋友的信撕成了碎片。)You shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all, he is a child after all; above all, he made only two mistakes in all. (你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子;更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。)

3、联想记忆，过目不忘

一些好的语法书介绍了一些很好的联想记忆法。如《巧学活用高中英语语法》(新华出版社，：20)一书用顺口溜助记以—f(e)结尾的名词变复数：

小偷之妻生活难，(thief, wife ，life) 自己扫叶来做饭。 (self, leaf)

忽见一狼躲架后， (wolf, shelf) 取刀把它劈两半。(knife ，half)

英语语法其实很简单

1，找对教材!

学好语法最好的教材，其实是高考考卷的语法题部分。历年各地的高考英语考卷中，会有6道英语词汇题和大约9道语法题，所涉及的知识点涵盖英语几乎所有主要常用语法。所以，你只要把高考题做明白，语法就明白了。

选用高考考卷还有一个好处，就是每一道题目都可以找到详细的解答。很多人学语法，做了半天题目却没有详细解答的答案，这样做题等于白做。

2，实用主义原则

所谓语法，并不如你想象的那么多，语法一共只有四类。

第一，静词法。冠词，数词。(介词属于词汇量问题，不属于语法)

第二，动词法。时态，语态，虚拟语气，