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篇1:高一英语语法
并列复合句是由两个或多个简单句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。这种句子容量大,可以为你提供更大的自由表达度。
并列复合句常用的连接词由and, but, for, so, or, nor等并列连词,如:
(1)They were happy and they deserved their happiness. 他们是幸福的,他们也该得到幸福。(并列连词是and)
(2)The signal was given, and the steamer moved slowly from the dock.
信号发出了,轮船缓缓驶出码头。(并列连词是and,前有逗号)
(3)Hurry or you won’t make the train. 赶快,不然你赶不上火车。(并列连词是or)
(4)Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜜是甜的,但蜜蜂却会蜇人。(并列连词是but) 两个或两个以上的简单句的关系如不很紧密,并列连词可引导单独一个句子。如:
(5)You’re alive! And she’s dead. 你活着!而她却死了。(并列连词and引导单独句子)
(6)I’m sorry to trouble you. But can you direct me to the nearest post office?
对不起打扰一下。你可以告诉我最近的邮局在哪儿吗?(并列连词but引导单独句子) 并列句的分句亦可用连接副词连接。如:
(7)I had a drink, then I went home. 我喝了杯酒,然后回到了家。(连接副词是then)
(8)It rained, therefore the game was called off.
由于有雨,因而那场球赛取消了。(连接副词是therefore)
(9)He was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 他生气了,但听我的话。(连接副词是nevertheless)
(10)I want to go to the party—however, I have no transport.
我想去参加聚会,但我没有交通工具。(连接副词是however)
(11)I have only an old car; still it is better than nothing.
我只有一辆旧车,但也比没有好。(连接副词是still)
(12)I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow? 我今日很忙,那你能明天来吗?(连接副词是so)
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篇2:高一英语语法
一.几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why
5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用):
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. ,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如: The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较:He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较:We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语,宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where,也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English He went to America, ______ his parents live. teacher. He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
篇3:高一英语语法
高一英语语法大全
虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
主语从句的虚拟
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常见的形容词有:necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常见的名词有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常见的过去分词有:suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
宾语从句的虚拟
1. 表命令,表建议,表要求的动词,后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接从句,虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表语从句中的虚拟
在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如:
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名词从句部分
1. that不可省略的情况
2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别:同位语从句中的that是连词,不做成分,只连接主从句,不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语,并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看,同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引导同位语从句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)
3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型:
What is known to us all is that the Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句,主句的动词为is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句,主句的动词为is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个定语从句,主句的动词为took place,as引导非限制性定语从句。
4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。
名词性从句均应用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序,其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。
5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。
介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略,但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
that不能省略的情况:
1)介词后面的that不能省略:
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时:
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语,that不省略:
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时,that不省略:
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名词性从句中it的使用:
为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下,it作形式主语或形式宾语,将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
定语从句
关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
(1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时,如,
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时,如,
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情况
在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作关系副词
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首,而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况:
在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀:瞻前顾后看意义
瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义
(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时,关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时,关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时,关系词用why或者for which。
(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别:
位置不同:as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后
作用不同:as从句动词常常是see \know等,因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。
状语从句部分
1.while 是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。
2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别:no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,No matter wh-不能。
No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
3. 在条件,时间和让步从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时,
用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中,动词一般都用一般过去时,而主句常用现在完成时。
4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /
though引导的让步状语从句。
5. 连词before小结:
We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)
It will be/was…before…要过多久才……
6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别:because表达直接原因,语气最强,回答why;
since通常放句首,译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因,语气最弱;
7. as可以引导多种从句,要注意其中的区别。
8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。
非谓语动词部分
动词不定式几点注意。
1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式:agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型:too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能
……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……),so…as to do/such…as to do(如
此……结果……)。
3. 不定式的三个结构:即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。
否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时,省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时,应加上to。
5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
ability, opportunity(机会),way时,一般用不定式作定语。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构,要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does, did时,but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时,but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。
7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
8. 不定式作定语和表语时,有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)
9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中,当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式不用被动,不能在动词后再放宾语。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语,不能说:The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说:The question is easy to answer it .)
包含高中英语全部语法的13个句型
1. as 句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……”
例:As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式:not as/so --- as
例:He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例:He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例:As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知,知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近
例:We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句,与 because的用法相近
例:As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例:Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。
2. prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例:I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例:I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例:Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿...
例句:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例:I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球,不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例:I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3. when 句型
(1) was/were doing sth...when...
例:He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...
例:We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发,天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例:I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝,电话铃就响了。
4. seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例:It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例:It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的,
(3) There seems to be ...
例:There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例:It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6. what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例:What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例:We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例:That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例:I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7. too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例:I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例:This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8. where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例:This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例:Where there is a will,there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例:This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
9. wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例:I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例: I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例:I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
10. would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例:She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例:I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例:I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例: Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11. before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例:Before I could get in a word ,he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例:It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例:We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例:It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12. 强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例:It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例:Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例:How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例:They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例:I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
篇4:高一英语语法梳理精选
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 主句
篇5:高一英语语法知识点精选
不定式作主语
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。
It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法:
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。例如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for。)
篇6:高一英语语法知识点精选
语法时态注意事项
◆动词时态应注意的几点
1. 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句:
①The film begins in a minute.
②My uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句:
①Every time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
②If you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、结果等,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it?
—I finished it last summer.
篇7:高一英语语法知识点精选
名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数,规则要记住,
一般加s,特殊有几处:
【妙语诠释】 ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
★ 高一英语学习方法
★ 高一英语教学总结
★ 高一英语范文
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