09届高三英语语法复习（一） 学案设计(人教版英语高三)（共8篇）由网友“早在一起”投稿提供，下面是小编精心整理的09届高三英语语法复习（一） 学案设计(人教版英语高三)，希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1：09届高三英语语法复习（一） 学案设计(人教版英语高三)
定 语 从 句
编写人：陈尚琢
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why.
一、关系词的基本用法
who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom 指人，在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语
（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.
（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.
（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?
（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.
（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.
（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.
（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。
He did everything that he could to help us.
2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词
最高级时。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时，
Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
3、先行词本身是that时，
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
4、先行词后有插入语时，
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
He is an engineer, which I am not。
关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
I have the same book as you（have）.
Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
This is such a book as was given to me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。
This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.
2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。
The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.
The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.
3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）
In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.
We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.
We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.
4、代词/数词+of +关系代词
He has written many books, most of which are fo可以修饰名词、
代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。
I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.
His sister, who works in WuHan , is coming to see him tomorrow.
as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。
He left her, as/ which was strange.
2、as 姻骶涞墓叵凳分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿?br>He is the man whose father died last week.
That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、
代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。
I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.
His sister, who works in WuHan , is coming to see him tomorrow.
as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。
He left her, as/ which was strange.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。
as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
4、as引导非限秩荩从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词?br>He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.
He was married again, which was unexpected.
定语从句运用中的注意点
1、（1）是用the one还是用that , which, where.
（2）Is this school _______ you study in?
（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?
（4）Is this the school _______ you study?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where E. C9在句中或句尾。
The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.
7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。
After that things improved, which astonished me.
Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.
8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.
He was married again, which was unexpected.
定语从句运用中的注意点
1、（1）是用the one还是用that , which, where.
（2）Is this school _______ you study in?
（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?
（4）Is this the school _______ you study?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where E. the one that / which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent toge I met you.
（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。
试比较：
He is such a kind person as everybody likes.
He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定雨Dthat, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：
You should leave the toy where you can find.
I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.
（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。
试比较：
He is such a kind person as everybody likes.
He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：
The news that he had been back surprised us all.
The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.
5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）
Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.
Consolidation:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, ___9 C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which%0_____ they say is a gome.
9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.
10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.
二、单项选择填空：
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as
10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C all what .D. which
13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. on which C. that D. where
14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.
A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which
15.-where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm _____ we worked.
A. that B. there C.which D. where
16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.
A. whose B. as C. which D. that
17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what
20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which
22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.
A. all whose children B. all of whose children
C. whose all the children D. all of her children
23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.
A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which
25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. which
26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.
A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that
27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.
A. in which B. in that C. which D. where
28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.
A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which
29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.
A. whom B. whose C. his D. which
31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom
32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?
A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had
33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.
A. which B. those C. them D. these
34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.
A. as B. where C. which D. that
35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. what D. because that
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.
China is a developing country, __________________________.
2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.
3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
___________________, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.
There are lots of birds ____________________________.
5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.
The Hope School has been set up __________________________.
6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.
That is such a heavy stone ________________________.
答案：
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
which that where(in which) As which
Where whether whose what which
二、单项选择填空：
1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA
21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.
2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.
5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.
6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.
篇2：09届高三英语语法复习（一）定语从句 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高三)
编写人：陈尚琢
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why.
一、关系词的基本用法
who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom 指人，在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语
（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.
（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.
（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?
（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.
（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.
（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.
（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。
He did everything that he could to help us.
2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词
最高级时。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时，
Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
3、先行词本身是that时，
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
4、先行词后有插入语时，
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
He is an engineer, which I am not。
关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
I have the same book as you（have）.
Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
This is such a book as was given to me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。
This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.
2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。
The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.
The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.
3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）
In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.
We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.
We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.
4、代词/数词+of +关系代词
He has written many books, most of which are for children.
We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词
He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.
6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词
He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种%s strange.
2和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。
He is the man whose father died last week.
That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语碏拗菩远ㄓ锎泳洌有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引导非限制性定语%tudy?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where 2as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。
as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。
The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.
7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。
After that things improved, which astonished me.
Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical chang (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. 5那别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的?B E. the one that / which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. where B. that C. which D. there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was …that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从綼tion:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The 09 C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as%6ㄓ锎泳洌不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较?br>The news that he had been back surprised us all.
The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.
5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）
Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.
Consolidation:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The question ________ we’ll put off the meeting remains to be discussed.
8. I’ve just finished reading a poem ________ meaning is completely beyond me.
9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.
10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.
二、单项选择填空：
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as
10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C all what .D. which
13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. on which C. that D. where
14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.
A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which
15.-where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm _____ we worked.
A. that B. there C.which D. where
16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.
A. whose B. as C. which D. that
17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what
20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which
22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.
A. all whose children B. all of whose children
C. whose all the children D. all of her children
23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.
A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which
25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. which
26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.
A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that
27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.
A. in which B. in that C. which D. where
28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.
A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which
29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.
A. whom B. whose C. his D. which
31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom
32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?
A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had
33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.
A. which B. those C. them D. these
34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.
A. as B. where C. which D. that
35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. what D. because that
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.
China is a developing country, __________________________.
2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.
3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
___________________, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.
There are lots of birds ____________________________.
5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.
The Hope School has been set up __________________________.
6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.
That is such a heavy stone ________________________.
答案：
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
which that where(in which) As which
Where whether whose what which
二、单项选择填空：
1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA
21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.
2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.
5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.
6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.
篇3：捷进英语语法项目高考复习融合串讲学案 (人教版英语高三)
04
模块四 简单句 并列句 复合句 省略句
崔玲玲
☆基础知识自助餐互学释疑，举一反三！☆
考点聚焦 【基本规则、功能与用法】
一.简单句
简单句的定义：简单句就是由一个分句构成的句子。在简单句中，分句和句子合二为一，从而结构合一，分句的成分就是句子的成分。陈述句、疑问句和感叹句都可以在简单句中使用。如：
（1）In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States .你在来信中问到美国不同地区的时间问题。（陈述句）
（2）Is American country music about modern life ?美国乡村音乐写的是现代生活吗？（疑问句）
（3）Wash your hands with soap at the end of your experiment . 在做完实验后要用肥皂洗干净你的双手。（祈使句）
（4）What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher ! 对这位年轻教师来说，我是一个多么难教的学生啊！（感叹句）
简单句的结构
简单句包含一个分句，也就是一个“主语+谓语”（基本成分）的结构。如：
（1）It is a very slow task . 它是一项费时的工作。
（2）Flies and mosquitoes are very dangerous insects。 苍蝇和蚊子是害虫。（主语并列）
（3）He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer . 他在业余时间学法律，还当了律师。（谓语并列）
（4）The north has warm , dry winters and hot , wet summers . 北方有温暖、干燥的冬天和炎热、潮湿的夏天。（宾语并列）
二.并列句
并列句（compound sentence）就是由两个或两个以上的分句构成、且各个分句地位相等的句子。如：
（1）I have a problem and I’m writing to ask you for advice . 我有一个问题，所以写信来征求你的意见。
（2）We couldn’t find it ;it was lost . 我们没能找到它；它丢了。
（3）Then she looked at the judges , one of them nodded and she began . 然后她望着裁判，其中一个点点头，接着她开始了。（三个分句）
并列句的结构
（1）陈述分句与陈述分句并列。如：
The woman belongs in the home , and the man must go out into the business world . 男主外，女主内。
（2）疑问分句与疑问分句并列。如：
Who are good listeners to you ,and what do they do well ?哪些人是你的善听者，他们什么做得好？
（3）祈使分句与祈使分句并列。如：
Pass judgement on me and give him what he wants . 对我宣判吧，给他想要的东西。
（4）感叹分句与感叹分句并列。如：
You’re alive ! And she’s dead ! 你还活着！而她却死了！
（5）不同种类分句的并列。如
Please let me stay in the company ; I enjoy working here . 请让我留在公司吧，我很喜欢在这里工作。（祈使分句与陈述分句并列）。
并列句的连接方法
在并列句中，各个分句都是独立分句。把各个分句连接在一起有三种方法。
①用并列连词连接，并列连词有and , but , or , nor ，关联并列连词有not only…but also . 如
（1）Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm . 眼下正是暑假期间，我帮爸爸在农场干活。
（2）Right now they were going to Bonn with the tickets and passports , and their Dad was going on his own to Frankfort . 就在这时，他们正带着车票和护照去波恩，而他们的爸爸却自己往法兰克福去了。
（3）Many people were killed in their cars , but a few lucky ones were not hurt . 很多人被撞死在自己的汽车里，但也有少数幸运的人没有受伤。
（4）The two concerts cost 4 million dollars , but 7 million dollars were collected from ticket sales and a further 7 million dollars came from radio and TV companies . 两场音乐会耗资400万美元，但是仅门票收入就筹集到700万美元，此外，从电台和电视台还筹到了700万美元。
并列连词or前可用也可不用逗号。如：
（5）Do you come to school alone , or do you come with a friend ? 你是独自来学校，还是与朋友一道来？
用关联并列连词not only … but also 连接分句时通常用倒装结构。如：
（6）Not only do disabled people read , write , draw pictures and cook , but they also study , go to university , take exams and have jobs . 残疾人不仅能读书、写字、绘画和烹调，而且还能学习、上大学、参加考试和工作。
②用连接副词连?或两个以上的分句构成，而且其他分句从属于一个主要分句的句子。如：
（1）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting . 人们读广告，部分是为了获取信息，部分是因为它们有趣。
（2）Many of the forests where they lived were destroyed . 许多它们栖息的森林被破坏了。（关联词是where）
使用了关联词之后，分句的性质就发生%2述分句K都要遵守规矩；谁要是破坏了规矩，谁就要受到惩罚。
有时用冒号，表结果。如：
（9）In old stories , the squirrel was usually described as a good animal:it saved something for the future . 在古老的故事里，松鼠通常被描写成好动物，它储存东西供将来用。
三.复合句
复合句（complex sentence）就是由两个或两个以上的分句构成，而且其他分句从属于一个主要分句的句子。如：
（1）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting . 人们读广告，部分是为了获取信息，部分是因为它们有趣。
（2）Many of the forests where they lived were destroyed . 许多它们栖息的森林被破坏了。（关联词是where）
使用了关联词之后，分句的性质就发生了变化。由关联词引导的分句已经不能单独构成句子，所以叫做非独立分句。没有关联词的分句仍旧可以单独构成句子，所以叫做独立分句。
复合句的结构
简单句是由一个独立分句构成，并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句构成，复合句则由一个独立%o you think why the boy had a weak smile on his face）
从句的种类
①主语从句。如：
（1）How much income we can expect this year is not yet known .我们今年能有多少收入还不知道。
②表语从句。如
（2）The answer is that he is one of the top three physics experts in hisparticular field . 答案是在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一。
③宾语从句。如：
（3）Seientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a numberof different plates . %B全句为陈述句；主句为疑问分句，全句为疑问句，等等。有一种复合句结构较特殊：主句为疑问分句，从句为带疑问词的疑问分句，这时疑问词要置于全句之首。如?br>（2）Why do you think the boy had a weak smile on his face ?你认为这个男孩为什么脸上露出淡淡一笑？（等于do you think why the boy had a weak smile on his face）
从句的种类
①主语从句。如：
（1）How much income we can expect this year is not yet known .我们今年能有多少收入还不知道。
②表语从句。如
（2）The answer is that he is one of the top three physics experts in hisparticular field . 答案是在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一。
③宾语从句。如：
（3）Seientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a numberof different plates . 科学家解释说，地球的表层是由许多不同的板块构成的。
④同位语从句。如：
⑤定语从句。如：
（4）The kiwi which is New Zealand’s national bird , is one of these types of flightless birds . 驼是新西兰的国鸟，它就是这些不能飞行的鸟类之一。
⑥状语从句。如：
（5）Listen and be quiet while others are talking !在别人说话时要听着，不要做声！
复合句的关联词
引导从句的关联词可分为七类。
①从属连词，有although , because , if , since , that , until , when , so that , as if , as … as 等，详见连词部分。如：
（1）Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse , he decided to continue with his research and his writing . 尽管他患了一种日益严重的脑病，他决定继续他的研究和写作。
②疑问代词，有who , whom , whose , which , what . 如：
（2）Did he say what it was about ?他说是有关什么事了吗？
③疑问副词，有when , where , why , how .如：
（3）The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样才能够向其他科学家证实他的想法。
④关系代词，有who , whom , whose , which , that 。 如：
（4）This is useful for scientists who work in forests and in agriculture.这对于从事森林和农业工作的科学家有用处。
⑤关系副词，有when , where , why . 如：
（5）I remember the time when we needed a permit to go out after dark . 我记得我们天黑以后外出需要通行证的那个时代。
⑥缩合关系代词，有who , whoever , whom , whomever , which , whichever , what , whatever . 如：
⑦缩合关系副词，有when , where , why , how . 如：
（6）Special cameras can produce pictures showing where different metals can be found . 特殊的摄像机可以拍摄照片，表明在什么地方可以找到各种不同金属。
四.省略句
省略句的含义：一个分句或句子通常包含多种成分，主语和谓语是最基本的；如果谓语为及物动词，则宾语也是必须的。这种句子叫做完全句。另外有一些句子却缺少一种或几种成分，也就是说在结构上是不完整的，可是它们仍然能够为听话者所理解，也就是说，说话者和听话者对句子缺少的成分有共同的认识。这些句子符合句子的定义，“能表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。”这种句子就叫做省略句。如：
（1）Any other questions ?还有什么问题吗？（等于Do you have any other questions ）
省略句在对话中使用很普遍。简略答语即只回答提问的那部分，有助于语言的简洁。如：
（2）“What time is it by your watch , please ?”“A quarter to eight .”“请问你的表几点了？”“差一刻八点。”（等于It is a quarter to eight by my watch）
在包含两个分句的并列句和复合句中，后一分句中与前一分句中相同的部分可以省略，以减少不必要的重复。如：
（3）I want to improve , but I don’t know how ( to improve ).我想提高，但是不知道如何提高。（并列句）
省略句的种类
①省略主语，如：
（1）（I）Haven’t see you for ages . 好久没有见到你了。
（2）（It）Doesn’t matter . 没关系。
②省略谓语，如：
（3）They learn French and we (learn)English .他们学法语，我们学英语。
③省略表语，如：
（4）Broad boats are difficult to take into the port , but narrow boats are not (difficult to take into the port )。宽大的船只很难引进港口，而狭小的船只却不难。
④省略宾语，如
（5）Keep away ( this bottle ) from children . 谨防儿童接近。
⑤省略主语和助动词。如
（6）( Have you ) Found the treasure ? 找到财宝了吗？
（7）( Would you )Like some more tea ?再来些茶好吗？
⑥省略主语和连系动词，如：
（8）( I’m ) Sorry to hear that . 听到这件事很难过。
（9）( Are you ) Happy ?快活吗？
⑦省略主语和谓语，如：
（10）“What does he want to eat ?”“( He wants ) Some rice and vegetables . ”“他想吃什么？”“一些米饭和蔬菜。”
⑧省略实义动词和宾语，如：
（11）We do not visit my parents as much as we ought to ( visit my parents ). 我们没有像我们所应该的那样经常去看望父母。
⑨省略从句，如
（12）You would do the same ( if you were in my position ). 你也会那样做的（如果你处在我的地位）。
⑩省略整句，如：
（13）“Can I take a message ? ”“You can take a message . ”“我可以捎话吗？”“可以。”
另外，还有许多在口语中常用的套话，大多同名词短语构成，不管听话人还是说话人都难以确切指出它们究竟省略了什么词语。如Good morning （早上好），Good afternoon （下午好），Good evening（晚上好），Hello（喂），Yes（是呀），Yeah（是），All right（好），OK（可以），No（不），Not at all（你太客气了），Happy New Year（新年好），Happy Birthday（生日快乐），Happy Christmas（圣诞快乐），Never mind（没关系），（My）God（天哪），（Good）Heavens（上帝），Congratulations（恭喜），Fuck off（滚开）等。这些句子严格说来不属于省略句的范围，有的语法书称之为“非句子”。
还有一种句子，也只由一个或几个名词短语构成。它们的表现力很强，常用于文学作品中，如：
（14）Then silence . 然后一片寂静。
（15）Years of hard work , very little food , only a small cold room to live in and never a moment’s rest . 多年劳累，食不果腹，斗室寒舍，从无休息。
篇4：高三英语总复习学案(人教版).doc(人教版高考复习英语选修九学案设计)
Chapter I SB I Units 1 - 2
☆重点句型☆
1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法
2. I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when“作并列连词的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的
特殊疑问句结构
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,
... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词
(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. especially v. 特别地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的
4. interest n. 兴趣
5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的
6. deserted adj. 抛弃的
7. hunt v. 搜寻
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，关心
10. total n. 总数
11. majority n. 大多数
12. survive v. 生存，活下来
13. adventure n. 冒险
14. scared adj. 吓坏的
15. admit v. 承认
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的
18. except prep. 除……之外
19. quality n. 质量
20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的
☆重点短语☆
1. be fond of爱好
2. treat…as…把……看作为……
3. make friends with 与……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事
5. hunt for寻找
6. in order to为了
7. share…with与……分享
8. bring in引进；赚钱
9. a great / good many许多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困难
11. end up with以……结束
12. except for除……之外
13. come about发生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home别拘束
16. the majority of大多数
17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all根本；竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l. be fond ____ 喜欢，爱好 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for
3. in to ____ 为了 order
4. care ____ 担心，关心 about
5. such ____ 例如，诸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 别客气 home
8. ____ total 总共 in
9. except ____ 除了……之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
11. ____ about 发生 come
12. end ____ with 以……告终 up
13. bring ____ 引进，引来 in
14. a great ____ 许许多多，极多 many
15. be ____ 对……深感兴趣，深深迷上…… into
16. ____ the Internet 上网 surf
17. ____ classes 逃学，逃课 skip
18. get ____ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together
19. be proud ____ 为……感到骄傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 对……感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 开玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以……名义 in
25. ____ the time 总是，一直 all
☆交际用语☆
1. I think…
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆单词聚焦☆
1. argue v. 的用法
▲构词：argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论3. [C]论据
▲ 搭配：
① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事
② argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事
③ argue that... 主张，认为，争辩说
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解决争端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (全国卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目标] argue名词形式的词义。
[答案与解析] D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。
2. compare v. 的用法
▲构词：comparison n. 比较
▲搭配：① compare...to... 比拟；比作 ② compare... with / to... 将……和……相比较 ③ compare notes 对笔记；交换意见
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
[考查目标] compare的用法。
[答案与解析] D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。
3. consider v. 的用法
▲构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 认为／觉得某人……③ consider that- clause 认为…… ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中
【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目标] consider的几种常见用法。
[答案与解析] C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。
4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。
(2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丢弃；遗弃
He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困难
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困难
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物
(1) adj. 最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun的用法
▲构词：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑
② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的
③ be full of fun…… 很好玩
④ have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑
⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心
⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!
⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目标] fun构成的短语for fun的意思。
[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。
8. imagine的用法
▲构词：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目标] imagine的基本用法。
[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。
9. interest的用法
interest vt. 使……感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣
▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的
▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对……感兴趣(关心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在……中有股份、权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为……利益；为……起见；对……有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对……不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对……表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对……不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养／有兴趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣
有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.
另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全国卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目标] interest派生词的词义和用法。
[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。
10. prove的用法
▲构词：① proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实…… ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实…… ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country - United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05长春模拟)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed
[考查目标] 考查prove的意思。
[答案与解析] A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。
11. provide的用法
▲构词：① provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若
▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给……提供；以……装备
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目标]考查provide的词义。
[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share的用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分配、分给…… ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare - you must learn to ____. (NMET )
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。
[答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享--把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。
13. solve的用法
▲构词：solution n. 1. [C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. [U] 解答，解决 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解决……的办法
【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目标] solve名词solution的相关搭配。
[答案与解析] D “对于……的解决办法”，介词用to。
14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)
(1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...……的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...刚做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...刚要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.
(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)
【词语比较】
1. especially, specially
especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是
(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语)
(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)
I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring, bored, bore
boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.
有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人……”；过去分词形式，为“感到……”。
3. except for, except, but, besides
表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除……之外，还……，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)
(3) except for 只不过……，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. know, know of, know about
(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。
5. for example; such as
(1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.
(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。
☆短语归纳☆
1. 含all的短语
1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共
3) after all 毕竟，终究
4) at all 到底，根本
5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一点也不
7) all the time 始终，一直
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立刘，马上
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 独个儿，独立地
14) all but 几乎，差一点
15) all in all 总的说来
16) all together 一道，同时，总共
17) for all 尽管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肃、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。
【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目标] 主要考查all构成的四个短语。
[答案与解析] B in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。
2. at all
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语
1) be good at 擅长于
2) be interested in 对……感兴趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对……满意
4) be famous for 因……而出名
5) be kind / good to 对……好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面积极
8) be sure about / of 确信
9) be afraid of 害怕
10) be full of 充满
11) be filled with 充满
12) be made of / from 由……组成
13) be generous to 对……慷慨
14) be popular with 受欢迎
15) be confident of 确信
16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
17) be angry with / at 对……发脾气
18) be late for 迟到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对……感到惊讶
20) be busy doing 忙着做……
21) be excited about 对……感到兴奋
22) be worried about 担心
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 对……好奇
[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor. 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。
【考例l】(重庆)
-- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
[考查目标] 同定搭配中介词的选择。
[答案与解析] A be slow in 意为“在……方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对……有耐心”。
4. end up with...以……结束
(1) end up with + n. 以……结束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
(2) end up as...最后成为…He will end up as a president some day.
(3) end up + 地点状语最后(有……结局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.
5. “make + 名词” 短语
① make a noise 吵闹
② make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸
③ make room for 给……腾出地方
④ make the bed 整理床铺
⑤ make phone calls 打电话
⑥ make friends with 交朋友
⑦ make money 赚钱
⑧ make use of 利用
⑨ make a decision 做出决定
⑩ make a mistake 犯错误
[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。
Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。
They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 为了给更重要的人物腾出
地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. (北京春招)
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目标] 主要考查make短语。
[答案与解析] A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”；make up 意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。
【考例】
-- When shall we start?
-- Let's ____ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (北京)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 make 短语。
[答案与解析] C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。
6. make fire点火
有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着；着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒险的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火烧…… / make (a) fire 点火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾
[注意] fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。
7. a great / good many许多
(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.
(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名词复数 A great many of the people have seen the film.
8. make yourself at home 别拘束
(1) make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语) -- Good evening, Jim. -- Good evening, Mary. Come in and make yourself at home.
(2) (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) You can't possibly do it all by yourself.
(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.
(4) for oneself 亲自; 为自己The student wants to think it for himself. / One should not live for oneself alone.
(5) of oneself 自动地The door closed of itself suddenly.
(6) be oneself 身体或情绪好 I am not myself today.
(7) help oneself to + n. / pron. 随便…… Please help yourself to the fish．
(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.
(9) come to oneself 苏醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes.
(10) between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.
9. the majority of... 大多数的……
(1) a / the majority of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。the majority 单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.
(2) by a majority of + 数字，以超过……票的多数She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.
10. treat … as … 把…看做… The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.
【比较】 表示“认为”的短语还有：
regard…as… consider…(as)… think of…as…
look on / upon…as… take…for…
[注意] 在consider…as…短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。
[牛刀小试2]
1. If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
2. Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.
A. of; loved B. for; cared
C. to; devoted D. on; affected
3. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.
A. in all B. after all C. above all D. at all
4. -- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.
-- Never mind. ____, you have tried your best.
A. Above all B. In all
C. At all D. After all
5. Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.
A. hope for the best B. make room for
C. make the best of D. lay our hope on
(DCCDC)
【句型归纳】
1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。
这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：
(1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 ……” )
(2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不……” )
(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也……” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)
(4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。
(5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全国 III)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn't too D. nor does John
[考查目标] nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。
[答案与解析] D 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。
2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。
该句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
常见句型：
(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause
(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause
(4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause
(5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause
(6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause
(7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause
注意：① 当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然 要用such。② 当so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。
【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
[考查目标] so + adj. 位于句首时，主句倒装。
[答案与解析] D A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。
3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。
该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time. 这时不能用while / as 替换。
常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...
【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[考查目标] ”when“ 作连词，表示“正在这时”。
[答案与解析] A 意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。
4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。
该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。
【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
[考查目标] what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。
[答案与解析] B 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。
5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend - a volleyball he called Wilson. 为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。
1. 该句中的”in order to“，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的 状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause
注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在in order that / so that 引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。
【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
[考查目标] 目的状语。
[答案与解析]D as soon as “一…就…”；as a result“结果是”；in case “万一”；so that“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。
2. 该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.
注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。
【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
[考查目标] one作同位语，指代a moment。
[答案与解析] B that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。
6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。
1. 该句中的“while”用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为 “然而”。“while“充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that…”；引导让步状语从句，意 为“although…”。
2. 该句中的 ”stay“ 为系动词。后接表语 (the same)。 除了stay外，常见的系动词还有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。
【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
[考查目标] 系动词的用法。
[答案与解析] B 系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行
时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。
7. for the first time 第一次
(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time.
(2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the last time
They liked Beijing the first time they went there.
(3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
8. What is it that...? 是什么……?
强调句的用法：
(1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专指人) + 其他部分
(2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。 Jim met the student in the street last week.
主语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.
强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.
强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.
强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.
(3) 注意点：
一般疑问句的强调句：
Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
特殊疑问句的强凋句：
Who is it that will visit our class?
Where is it that he has gone?
When was it that she went?
not … until … 用于强调句：
It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.
[牛刀小试3]
1. -- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -- ____. (2004广西)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
2. We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.
A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; so
3. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____. (NMET 2002)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
5. Roses need special care ___they can live through winter.
(2004 天津)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
(BBACB)
【交际速成】
1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 谈论喜欢和不喜欢
-- I enjoy Chinese food very much. -- ____. (03东北三校)
A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please
C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly while it is hot
[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。
【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有：
(1) This book is very interesting.
(2) I like / love the movie (very much).
(3)I like / love to play computer games.
(4) I like taking photos.
(5) I enjoy listening to music.
(6) I'm interested in science. My hobbies / interests are...
(7) He is fond of music.
(8) This song is bad / awful.
(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.
(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.
(11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing,
(12)I'm not into classic music.
(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.
2. Making apologies 道歉
-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. -- ____ Okay.
(2003北京春招)
A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm
[答案与解析] C 本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。
【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：
(1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).
(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.
(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.
(4) Please excuse me coming late.
(5) Please forgive me.
(6) Excuse me, please.
(7) I beg your pardon.
应答表达有：
(1) That's / It's all right.
(2) That's / It's OK.
(3) Never mind.
(4) It doesn't matter.
(5) It's nothing.
(6) Forget it.
(7) Don't worry about that.
(8) Don't mention it.
3. Talking about language difficulties in communication 谈论语言交际困难
-- I'm sorry. I can't catch you. ____
-- OK, it's B-L-A-C-K.
A. Would you please walk slowly?
B. I don't understand you．
C. What's the meaning of this word?
D. Would you please repeat it more slowly?
[答案与解析] D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch 在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch 在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯， 故正确答案是D。
【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：
(1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.
(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.
(3) Can you speak more slowly, please?
(4 )How do you say...in English.'?
(5) I don't know how to say that in English.
(6) I don't know the word in English.
(7) How do you spell it, please?
(8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.
(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that
again, please?
(10) What do you mean by killing time?
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- ____ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.
-- I was saying that the party was great.
A. Repeat. B. Once again.
C. Sorry? D. So what?
2. -- Do you like a house with no garden?
-- ____. But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.
A. Not a bit B. Not a little
C. Not really D. Not specially
3. -- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.
A. It's OK B. You are welcome
C. It's your fault D. Never you mind
4. -- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly!
-- Sorry. But ____.
A. I didn't mean it B. I didn't mean to
C. I don't mean it D. I don't mean to
5. -- You seem to show interest in cooking.
-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.
A. Really B. Pardon C. OK D. What
(CCABD)
【精典题例】
1. -- David has made great progress recently.
-- ____, and ____.
A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you
C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have
【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。
2. Little ____ what others think.
A. does he care about B. care he about
C. about he eared D. about cared he
【解析】选A little为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football.
A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played
【解析】选C what he enjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playing football。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。
4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.
A. unexpecting B. disappointing
C. disappointed D. interesting
【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing”令人失望的(消息)”。
5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
【解析】选D “when”表示“就在这时，突然”。
6. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened
C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightening
【解析】选A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感
到害怕”。
7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used.
A. everyday; wide B. everyday; widely
C. every day; wide D. every day; widely
【解析】选B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。
8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like?
-- ____.
A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father
C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty
【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。
9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.
A. had put out B. was put out
C. had been out D. had broken out
【解析】选C be out“火熄灭”，表示状态。
10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.
A. be shared B. should be spared
C. saved D. be spent
【解析】选A suggest后用虚拟语气。be shared前可
省略should。
11. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.
A. interest; as books many as she could
B. an interest; as many books as she could
C. interested; as many books as she can
D. interests; as books as she could
【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。
12. -- How's the young man? -- ____.
A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor
C. He is much better D. He's David
【解析】选C how is sb. “某人身体如何”。
13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
【解析】选D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。
14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.
A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for
【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。
15. -- What about your classmate, Susan?
-- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.
A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers
【解析】选D consider as…“认为……是……”，as可省略。
Chapter 2 SB I Units 3 - 4
☆重点句型☆
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say ”Hi“ / ”Hello“ / ”Thanks“ to sb. (for me) 问候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. means n. 方法；途径
2. experience n. 经验
3. equipment n. 设备
4. successful adj. 成功的
5. protect v. 保护
6. handle v. 处理
7. consider v. 考虑
8. benefit n. 利益
9. particular adj. 特别的
10. effect n. 效果
11. combine v. 合并
12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的
13. advance v. 前进
14. seize v. 抓住
15. struggle v. 奋斗
16. fear v. & n. 害怕
17. strike v. 敲打
18. destroy v. 毁掉
19. publish v. 出版
20. naughty adj. 调皮的
☆重点短语☆
1. get away from 逃离
2. watch / look out 注意，当心
3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游
4. as with 正如……一样
5. see off 为某人送行
6. on the other hand 在另一方面
7. take care of 照顾
8. get close / near to 接近，凑近
9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树
10. as wall as 也，和……一样(好)
11. protect…from 保护……不受……的伤害
12. be surprised at 因……而吃惊
13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住
14. take place 发生
15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)
16. be upon 临近，逼近
17. hold on to 紧紧抓住
18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)
19. look into 注视……的内部；检查，调查
20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l. get ____ from 逃离 away
2. watch ____ 注意，当心 out
3. protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from
4. see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off
5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand
6. as ____ as也，还，而且 well
7. ____ place发生，产生 take
8. ____ fire失火 on
9. pull sb ____ 把……往上拽 up
10. get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on
11. go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through
12. ____ holiday在度假 on
13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent
14. be ____ 逼近，临近upon
15. ____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take
16. ____ ”Hi“ to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say
17. come ____ with提出 up
18. go ____ a hike 去远足 for
19. be caught ____ 受困于……，陷于…… in
20. ____ a second 马上，一会儿 in
21. look ____ 往……里面看，调查 into
22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to
23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto
24. sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away
25. sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down
☆交际用语☆
1. Where would you prefer going...?
2. How would you like to go to...?
3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !
4. Well, I must be off.
5. It's all right．
6. I'm afraid.
7. Come on !
8. It scares me.
9. Don't worry.
10. First..., next..., then..., finally...
☆单词聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前头，预先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面；比……进步；超过
③ on the advance (物价)在上涨
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目标] chance的词义。
[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考虑
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑问词 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 认为
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价
⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价，用……换来的；丧失；牺牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。
[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的
名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 无效
(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行
[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
▲搭配:
① by experience 凭经验；从经验中
② from experience 凭经验；从经验中
③ gain experience in… 获得……经验
④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验
▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目标] experience的意思。
[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑；担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)
④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)
⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑……
【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。
9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比较]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；办法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。
[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 规则的；有规律的
keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息
(2) common普通的；常见的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的
have a common interest 有着共同爱好
(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同时
② at once 立刻，马上；同时
③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
⑥ not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
⑧once and again一再，再三
⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔
⑩ once too often又(多了)一次
once upon a time从前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。
[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保护……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。
[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。
15. separate的用法
▲ 构词：separation n. [U]分开，分离
▲ 搭配：
① separate A from B 把A和B分开
② A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开／阻隔
③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(几分)
▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。
separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。
part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
[考查目标] 动词separate的词义。
[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表
示“被隔开；被分隔”。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)
1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)
2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)
3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)
4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)
5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)
6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)
☆词语比较☆
1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on
(1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.
* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.
(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)
Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.
(3) dress vt. 给……穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙
dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.
(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。
At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.
(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.
(6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.
2. strike, hit, beat
(1) hit vt.
① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.
② 使……受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.
(2) beat vt. & vi.
① 连续有节奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.
③ (鸟翼) 扑动
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
④ 打败；打赢；取胜
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
(3) strike vt. & vi.
① 打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中
He struck me with his fist.
The house was struck by lightning.
② 发起进攻；袭击
He moved away as the animal struck.
③ 撞；触(礁)
His head struck the table as he fell.
④ 擦(火柴)
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
⑤ (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。
A happy thought struck her.
⑥ 给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)
I was struck by her beauty.
⑦ 罢工 They are striking for higher pay.
⑧ (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.
3. complete, finish
complete 可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。
complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。
(1) complete 作及物动词，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等The railway is not completed yet.
(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book
☆短语归纳☆
1. cut down
(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.
(2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.
2.含get的短语
① get back 回来，恢复，送回
② get off下来，动身，起飞 ③ get up 起床，站起来
④ get on 上(车)
⑤ get on / along with 与某人相处．某事的进展
⑥ get together 聚首，碰头 ⑦ get away from 逃离
⑧ get on one's feet 站起来 ⑨ get down 下来
⑩ get on well with 与……相处融洽
get married 结婚 get to 到达
get through 通过，接通
get down to 开始着手做某事
get across (使)通过 get(a)round 传开，说服
get in 进入。收获 get out 出去，逃脱
[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。
【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ____ our studies．
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
[考查目标] 此题主要考查get短语。
[答案与解析]A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。
【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。
[答案与解析]C get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展．继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。
3. get away (from)
(1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.
(2)走开；离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.
(3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!
4. get close to
(1) close adj. 靠近；接近
The church is close to the shops.
亲密；密切
Are you a close friend of theirs?
(2) close adv. 靠近；接近
He was standing close to the door.
(3) close v. 关上；关闭(不开发)；结束
She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上)
(4 ) closely adv. 紧密地；仔细地；密切地
He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.
The little baby was closely looked after by her.
[比较]
(1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。
(2) 类似的词组有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) -- widely (广 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词)
5. hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(hand v.)
Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.
[比较]
(1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us.
(2) hand on…to…传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.
(3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．
6. instead of 代替……
(1) instead of + n. / pron.
Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.
(2) instead of + doing
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
(3) instead of + 介词短语
He studies in the evening instead of during the day.
[比较]
(1) instead adv. 作为替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.
(2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked.
(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
7. 含take的短语
① take a picture 照相，拍照
② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交车等)
③ take away 拿走，夺取，使离去
④ take care of 小心，照料，保管
⑤ take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞
⑥ take out 拿出，带……出去
⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置
⑧ take place 发生，产生
⑨ take exercise 做运动
⑩ take a seat 坐下
take turns 轮流
take an active part in 积极参加
take a message 捎口信
take on 从事，呈现
take the place of 取代，代替
take apart 拆开
take down 拿下，记下
take...for... 误认为……
take in 吸收，接纳
take up 拿起．从事．占据
[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了队，以便我能够回
去弄点儿吃的。
8. used to
(1) used to do sth. 过去常常……(现在已不如此)
We used to grow beautiful roses.
注意：否定句和疑问句有两种
You usedn’t to make that mistake.
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?
(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing习惯于
I have always been used to hard work.
He got used to living in the country.
(3) be used to do 被用来做……
This knife is used to cut bread.
表示“过去常常……”时，used to与would区别：
(1) would 只强调“过去常常……”，used to 说明现在不是如此。
The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
9. watch out 当心；注意
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心
You must always watch out for the traffic here!
(2) watch over 照看；看守；负责
The mother bird is watching over her young.
10. 含“动词 + out”短语
① come out 出来，出版，传出
② go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴
③ look out 当心，注意
④ take out 拿出，取出，带……出去
⑤ rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产
⑥ try out 尝试，试验
⑦ watch out 小心
⑧ wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨
⑨ find out 找出，查出
⑩ make out 填写，完成．设法应付
get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布
pick out 看出，选出
think out 想出
give out 发出，筋疲力尽
set out出发，陈述
[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. 请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火车来了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。
【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.
A. find out B. pick out
C. look out D. speak out
[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。
[答案与解析]B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”；find out意为“找出．发现”；look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。
[牛刀小试2]
请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：
(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)
1. -- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry. I'm too busy to ____ for the moment. (get away)
2. The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies. (get down)
3. The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)
4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task. (took on)
5. He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)
☆句型归纳☆
1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。
该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.
unless引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。
【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[考查目标]状语从句。
[答案与解析]B 句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作，
这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。
2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。
该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.
常见的用法:
1. well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词 同级比较结构。
2. as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于”not only … but also...“。
3. as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
4. as well as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了……之外，还有”；相当于”besides，apart from“。
5. as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。
6. may / might as well do sth 表示“还是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
[考查目标] as well as连接比较状语从句。
[答案与解析]B 该句中 if not better than相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构 ”John plays football as well as David"。
3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。
该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(2005广东) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
[考查目标] 时间状语从句的引导词选择。
[答案与解析]B before 表示“直到……”。
4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。
该句中的must have been表示推测。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.
情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，co
篇5：人教版高三英语语法复习主谓一致
第二章 主谓一致
句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是：主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型：
1．带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。
（together）with …
except / but …
S + besides … V
rather than …
as well as …
A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.
Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.
两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于这次空难。
2．部分-整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。
70 percent
two-thirds
part of the / one’s + n +V
half （整体）
all
the rest
1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.
※注：all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。
1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。
2）All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。
3．定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。
Each / Every
Either / Neither
Another + n（单数）+ V
Many a
More than one
More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.
不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。
Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。
4．就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。
A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.
Either A or B 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。
Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.
Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.
There be A, B and C 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。
5．需记住的其他规则
Either
1）Neither of + n 作主语，谓语用单数。
Each
None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。
None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数。
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。
None of the cars was / were damaged. 这些车都没有受损。
None of the food has gone bad. 食物没有变质。
2）a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。
the number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数。
A large number of students are from the south. 很多学生是南方人。
The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.
我校学生数已上升到3000人。
3）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。
He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.
他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。
在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。
（比较）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。
4）单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。
When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一个不定式作主语）
What I say and what I think are none of your business.
我说什么，想什么与你无关。（两个并列主语从句作主语）
5）each, any, every, no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。
Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打电话找你。
注：复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。
Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?
Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?
6）以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。
The United Nations was set up in 1942. 联合国建于1942年。
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是乔叟写的。
Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。
7）某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。
8）由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。（两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人）
War and peace is a contant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。（对立统一的一对事物）
9）单复数同形的名词如deer, means；集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。
Exercise 1 主谓一致
1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.
A．its B．their C．ours D．us
3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.
A．is B．has C．are D．have
4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.
A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put
5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．are B．were C．is D．am
6．There one or two things that I have to mention.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
7． Either I or my accountant（会计） to blame for the loss ?
A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does
8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（贫困）with the help of the local government.
A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got
9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.
A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become
10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（积极的）results to be seen.
A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained
11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.
A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from
12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.
A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express
13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.
A．has been B．have been C．are D．is
14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks
15．All we have seen and heard our memory.
A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress
C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses
1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA
篇6：届高三英语学案（Unit7-3 BOOK III）(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
------ by Chen Jinhong
一、短语闯关
1. ________ ________ 照顾
2. _________ ______ _________ ________被投进监狱
3 want _______ _______想为…..报仇
4.______ _______ _____ __________放弃他的财富
5.________ _________ ________ ___________过着愉快的生活
6.be ______ ______ _________ _________站在农民的立场
7.answer _______ ______ ________ _______ to sb 偿还对…..的虐待
8. ________ _____ _______ _________判处某人死刑
9._________ ________ __________ __________做这次最后的牺牲
10._______ ________ _______ 大大好于
二、句型突破
1.富人们可以做他们喜欢的，而农民却受折磨。
The rich_______ ________ _____ _______ _________, _________ the peasants __________,.
2.奇怪的是这两个男人太像了以至于人们认为他们是双胞胎。
___________ the two men _________ ______ ________ ________that people thought ________ _________ _________.
3.一到达，Darnay立刻作为人民的敌人被逮捕并扔进监狱。
________ _________, Darnay was _____________ ___________ ______ ________ _______
of the people and __________ ________ __________.
4.在信中，莫纳特医生说所有的St Evremondes的家族成员都必须偿还他们对农民姐弟的虐待。
In the letter Dr Manette said ________ ____________ ______the St Evremonds must _______ _______ the wrongs ________ _______ the peasant boy and ________.
5.在临死之前，他心里想他最后的行为大大好于他一生中所做的任何别的事。
Just before he ________,he __________ _______ __________that his final ______was _______ _______than ________ __________he had ever done ______ ________ _______.
三、智能训练
At one time no one could travel on an English road faster than four miles an hour. That was the law until 1896. A man had to walk in front of a car which could not go faster than the man. At night the man had to carry a red lamp.
Once Charles Rolls brought a car from France to England ,but he wanted to drive faster than four miles an hour .In order to have no trouble with the police ,he had a talk with some of the police officers ,who ordered their policemen to look the other way when the car came along the road. This was a good plan in the country ,but not so easy to follow in the busy streets of London.
One night Rolls and some friends started from London on their journey to Cambridge. One of the men walked in front with the red lamp , but he walked as fast as he could .The police became very interested in walls and shop-fronts when they heard the car ,and not one of them saw it .
They reached a hill ;but what a waste of time it was to drive down the hill at four miles an hour! Rolls was getting ready to jump into the car; but then he noticed a policeman who was not looking the other way. The slow car reached him.
“Good evening,” said the policeman ,looking at the car.
“Good evening,” said Rolls ,holding the lamp.
“One of these horseless things,” said the policeman ,looking at it with interest.
“Yes,” said Rolls, and waited.
“I’ve often wanted a ride in one ; but of course policemen can’t buy things like that.” He turned and looked hopefully in Rolls’s face.
“Jump in ,” said Rolls.
“Thanks ,” said the policeman ,and did so . “Now ,”he said ,sitting down, “you can let it go just as you like down this hill. There isn’t another policeman on this road for a mile and a half.”
1．The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that
.
A．they could watch the car coming from the other direction
B．the car could go faster than four miles an hour
C．they could make sure no one was in the way
D．the car would not hit them on the road
2．In what way did the policemen carry out the order from their officers?
A．They greeted Rolls when the car came along.
B．They walked in front of the car with a red lamp.
C．They pretended to be attracted by something else.
D．They stood on duty every 1.5 miles along the road.
3．The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to .
A．teach Rolls a lesson B．take a free ride home
C．have a talk with Rolls D．have a car ride experience
4．After the policeman jumped into the car ,Rolls .
A．dared not drive the car faster than he was allowed to
B．could drive as fast as he wished within a certain distance
C．could drive on any road he liked for the rest of the journey
D．drove his car as fast as he could down the hill to Cambridge
C
Goods must be of proper quality ,must be as described on the package and must be fit for any particular purpose made known by the seller .Those three rules used for the goods you buy can also be used for the goods you get on hire ,or for the goods you get as part of a service.
There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get-from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.
A person providing a service must do so:
-With reasonable care and skill .You should expect a proper standard of workmanship（工艺）. A new house should have straight walls and the roof must not leak .
-Within a reasonable time. A shop should not take three months to repair your TV. You can always agree upon a completion time with the supplier of the service.
You ,the customer ,must pay:
-A reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance .A trader can not expect a large payment for a small job.
5．The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “ ”.
A．the services B．the workers C．the goods D．the rules
6．What should the supplier do when offering a service?
A．He should determine the completion time himself.
B．He should provide free repairs within three months.
C．He should make sure the service meets proper standards.
D．He should reach an agreement on the payment with his workers.
.B .C .D .B .D .C
篇7：高三各单元课文翻译14(人教版高三英语学案设计)
蜜蜂的语言
有很多不同种类的蜂，有些群居，像蜜蜂，它们在树上或岩洞里筑巢，另一些则在地下的洞里居住，也有一些根本就不群居。在不同种类的蜂中，只有蜜蜂最能引起科学家的兴趣，这在于它们相互交流所用的语言。1851年现代蜂箱的出现使设计研究蜜蜂语言的实验成为可能。
卡尔.冯.弗里士教授是一位奥地利科学家，他一生中花费了多年研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂房里是怎样以很巧妙的方式传递信息的。从事多年的蜜蜂研究之后，卡尔.冯.弗里士教授对一再观察到的某一现象感到很纳闷。当他把一小叠一小叠的蜜放在桌上后，蜜蜂不一会儿就来了。一旦有一只蜜蜂发现了蜜，没多久便飞来了许多蜜蜂。看来一只（发现了食物的）蜜蜂能把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂。这是怎样做到的呢？为了弄清情况，冯.弗里士制作了几个特殊的蜂箱，每个蜂箱里面只放一个蜂窝，蜂箱的一面是透明的，他可以透过透明的墙观察蜜蜂在里面的活动情况，为了便于区别，他在一些蜂的身上点上颜色。
当一只带有标记的蜜蜂从喂食的桌上飞回蜂箱时，冯.弗里士就通过玻璃进行观察。使他惊讶的是，这只蜜蜂在蜂窝上面跳起舞来。它先向右转一圈，再向左转一圈。它这样一遍一遍地转圈。情况还不仅如此，这种舞蹈似乎使周围的蜜蜂兴奋起来。它们成群地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作，然后离开蜂箱飞到喂食处去了。这种圆圈舞好像传递了有关食物的信息。可是它还传递什么别的信息吗？
冯.弗里士设想这种舞传递了更多的信息。为了查明这一设想正确与否，他设了两个喂食点，一个靠近蜂箱，另一个在很远之外，相隔树林。他给所有来到近处喂食点的蜜蜂都点上蓝色，给所有飞到远处喂食点的蜜蜂都点上红色。当蜜蜂返回蜂箱时，冯.弗里士看到了一种奇妙的景象，所有到过近处喂食点的蜜蜂都跳着圆圈舞，所有到过远处喂食点的蜜蜂都跳着一种完全不同的舞--摆尾舞。跳舞的蜜蜂沿着一条直线跑，腹部左右摆动，然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，又向另一边转半个圈。它一遍一遍得重复着这些“舞步”。现在事情很明白了，很明显圆圈舞告诉蜜蜂喂食点的位置。也很明显蜜蜂移到一侧的摆尾舞含有关于喂食点另外的信息。
接着，冯.弗里士和他的同事们在靠近蜂箱的地方设置了一个喂食点，然后他们把喂食点慢慢往远处移动。回到蜂箱处，他们便仔细观察摆尾舞。他们用跑表计算蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数。他们发现喂食点越远，舞就跳得越慢。于是另一个惊人的事实是显露出来，每分钟摆尾舞的次数说明了到喂食点的准确距离。他们还发现蜜蜂从蜂箱到喂食点的最大飞行距离是3.2公里。
对于冯.弗里士教授和他的同伴来说下一步的问题就是查出蜜蜂是否能彼此告诉喂食点的精确位置。例如蜜蜂是否有可能交流一些像方位北、南、西南、东南等精确的细节呢？为了回答这个问题，冯.弗里士教授和他的同伴们将必须获取足够的数据去提供一份有关蜜蜂行为的充分的资料。设计了更多的实验后，他们便能弄清蜜蜂互传寻找食物信息的过程了。
当蜜蜂发现了一个喂食点，他们从蜂箱直接飞去，片刻后一群蜜蜂就像一条溪流一样来回于喂食点和蜂箱之间。几个世纪之前就出现了“bee-line”这个词，现在”to make a beeline for someone or something”这种表达的意思是沿着直线迅速地去某处。
他一生的时间都花在了研究动物的交际上，包括蜜蜂在内。1973年，卡尔.冯.弗里士与另外两位科学家共同活动了诺贝尔奖。他死于1982年。
篇8：高三各单元课文翻译13(人教版高三英语学案设计)
月亮宝石
《月亮宝石》这部小说是以1848年的英国为背景写的，但真实的故事发生在此前50年。月亮宝石是一块巨大的黄颜色的宝石，曾经是印度一座月神雕像的一部分。一个英国人谋杀了三名教士，从神殿里偷出宝石并带回伦敦。当他姐姐听说了此事之后，再也不跟他说话了。宝石被诅咒了，这个人也过着没有亲人和朋友的哀伤寂寞的生活。在他去世的时候，作为一种报复，他把月亮宝石留给了自己姐姐的女儿--雷切尔，同时也把坏的运气传给她。雷切尔将在自己18岁生日的宴会上收到月亮宝石作为礼物。
雷切尔.柯林斯是一个漂亮、富有的年轻女士。她跟自己的母亲和几个仆人住在英国北部的一所华美的房子里。在生日的前一天，她跟自己童年的伙伴弗兰克林.布莱尔一起在起居室的一扇门上画花鸟，他们一起做得很开心并且在雷切尔生日的当天完成了绘画。弗兰克林是一个抽烟的人，但他对雷切尔非常体贴。仆人们认为他为了让雷切尔高兴而把烟戒掉的行为是他爱上了雷切尔的证据。
月亮宝石是雷切尔生日晚会上最叹为观止的礼物。所有的客人都惊叹它的尺寸和罕见的美丽。但从雷切尔把它系到连衣裙的那一刻起，事情便开始变得不对劲了。是巧合还是月亮宝石的坏运气导致了紧张的气氛以及晚上奇怪事情的发生呢？
首先，其中的一个客人--戈弗雷向雷切尔求婚，但是她拒绝了。戈弗雷是一个优雅成功的单身男子，有着众多的女性追求者。晚餐后，弗兰克林提到自从戒了烟后他便一直休息不好，一位本地的坎迪医生主动提出要给他开个药方。弗兰克林回答说医生无非是凭猜想来开药方，这让坎迪医生十分恼怒。最后，一些穿着不寻常的外国服饰的印度人进来为客人表演，但是他们的表演很不专业而且行为怪异。
晚会的最后客人们都离开了，剩下弗兰克林和戈弗雷留下过夜。睡觉前雷切尔把宝石放到了起居室橱柜的一个抽屉里，但第二天早晨宝石不见了。被丢失了这样一件贵重的宝石所困扰，雷切尔的妈妈雇佣了著名的侦探--卡夫巡佐来侦察这起偷窃案。随着故事的发展，我们发现了当晚在场的人的一些秘密以及他们可能偷走宝石的原因。
首先，卡夫巡佐怀疑是印度人。他发现他们并不是真正的表演者，而是虔诚的月神的追随者。他们在世界各地寻找月亮宝石，等待一个机会把它重新带回印度。侦探猜测是不是他们把月亮宝石藏在屋里的什么地方，等到每个人都睡着了，然后把它偷走。
他继续询问有关晚会的问题，知道了弗兰克林和坎迪医生的争吵。他也听说了戈弗雷在向雷切尔求婚遭到拒绝后非常失望。坎迪医生或者戈弗雷会拿走宝石作为丢脸的报复吗？
仆人们也有机会偷走宝石。卡夫巡佐发现一个叫罗萨那的女仆在雷切尔的妈妈给她这个工作之前是个小偷。其他的仆人说她最近被发现在自己的房间里忙着做什么事一直到很晚，而且经常自己一个人散步。罗萨那也非常喜欢弗兰克林。侦探坚信她要么是“旧病”复发偷走了宝石，要么想在雷切尔和弗兰克林之间制造矛盾。
最后他考虑到雷切尔和弗兰克林。雷切尔非常顽固地抵制他关于月亮宝石的询问，甚至到了好像她不想让这个秘密被揭开的地步。是她自己偷走了宝石吗？也许她有需要偿还的债务。弗兰克林，跟她相反，给了侦探尽可能多的帮助。为什么在这个明显让雷切尔厌烦的侦察中他却表现得这样热情呢?
卡夫巡佐有一个致命的线索。他在雷切尔起居室的门还没有干的颜料上面发现了晚会的时候并不存在的污点。有罪的人的衣服上一定会有污迹。如果他找到了带有污迹的衣服，他就找到了小偷。那么是谁偷走了月亮宝石呢？
★ 高三老师工作计划
★ 高三英语工作总结
★ 届高三英语学案（Unit7-3 BOOK III）(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
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