高三英语冲刺讲座3

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高三英语冲刺讲座3

篇1:高三英语冲刺讲座3

完型填空

一、完型填空题型的特点

完型填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合语言测试题。它既是对学生的语言水平的考查,又是对学生的分析能力、判断能力和综合运用能力的检测。近几年高考的完型填空题有以下几个显著的特点:

1.短文内容逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明,注重上下文暗示,首尾呼应。

2.语言符合考生认知水平,一般采用记叙文和议论文,虽然尽量避免选用专业性强的文章或议论文体,但难度系数逐年加大,生词量增多。

3.以逻辑选择填空为主,语法选择填空极少,而词义或短语辨析增多。

4.保留提问句。

5.由正确选择过渡到最佳选择。

6.以单词填空为主,词组和短语填空为辅。

7.词语用法填空减少,短语搭配有所增多。

高考天津卷的“完型填空”选材与相似,仍为记叙文,以第一人称讲述了“我”在参加3000米赛跑中的思想变化,倡导通过体育比赛锻炼意志、培养坚定的品格。 考生需要把握人物行为活动的进展以及人物心理活动的描写。本题对于阅读过程中的思维活动提出了较高的要求。

整个大体难度适中

二.完形填空是一种具有一定难度的障碍性阅读理解题,要做好该题,必须具备:

1、良好的阅读习惯,善于从整体上把握文章的意义和结构。

2、词语意义和用法的辨析能力。

3、固定搭配和习惯用法方面的知识。

4、基本的语法知识。

5、在特定语境中综合运用语言知识的实践能力。

6、较强的逻辑推理能力和分析判断能力。

三. 体裁专项突破

选做完形填空题的文章的体裁主要为记叙文、说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议这四种,同学们如能明确英语记叙文、说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文的结构特点、语言特色、与汉语相关文体的异同及各种体裁的答题要领,就能大大提高解题的效率。

1、记叙文突破

记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章,具体地说,它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态及其发展过程,用以表现作者的思想,抒发作者某种情感的文章形式。近几年的高考完形填空题中的记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主,如幽默故事、童话故事、历史故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。

记叙文是中学英语阅读材料中最常见的文体,其语言特点有:

1)、以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅。

2)、广泛使用动词,特别是动态动词。

3)、适当运用直接引语。

解答记叙文体的完形填空时,应着重把握以下几点:

(1)、了解文章的结构形式。

(2)、明确作者的写作目的。

(3)、知晓文章所记叙的几大要素。

(4)、弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:

第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者亲切的态度和深厚的感情。用第三人称就是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持着一定的距离,读者的注意力更多集中在故事本身。了解了作者的写作角度有助于我们走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义。

请看下面的例题:

As she waited at the edge of the ice for her music to start,. Peggy took a quick look at her father standing nearby with a group of parents and teachers. He smiled at her. Then she 1._____ out at the audience, 2._____ to see her mother. These two, Alvert and Doris Flemint, had 3._____ all the way from California more than 2,000 miles away, to see their 4._____ compete in this sports meet in Cleveland, Ohio.

The music 5._____ and Peggy moved onto the ice, letting the music 6._____ her along into her turns, and she began skating with much 7._____ in herself. The cold fear she always had in the 8._____ seconds before skating onto the ice was 9._____. She was feeling the movement of the 10._____ and letting it carry her. She skated easily, 11._____ did some jumps, a final turn and her performance was 12._____.

The crowd loved it and cheered 13._____ she skated off the ice. “Nice job,” said one of the other 14._____. It was the remark that 15._____ came after a free-skating performance. But what should the 16._____ say? Standing beside her father, Peggy 17._____ for the scoring to be finished. On all sides were other young skaters, some waiting 18._____ alone, others with a parent. Shortly before 10 o’clock the results were 19._____. The new United States Women’s Figure Skating Champion was Peggy Fleming of Passdena, 20._____.

1.A.looked B. watched C. found D. stepped

2.A.failing B. looking forward C. wanting D. hoping

3.A.bicycled B. driven C. run D. walked

4.A.friend B. children C. son D. daughter

5.A.started B. played C. developed D. sang

6.A.allow B. set out C. carry D. support

7.A.thought B. belief C. success D. design

8.A.following B. last C. recent D. past

9.A.lost B. present C. strong D. gone

10.A.music B. fear C. ice D. audiences

11.A.so B. or C. before D. then

12.A.satisfied B. unsatisfactory C. finished D. welcome

13.A.because B. until C. before D. as

14.A.skaters B. parents C. judges D. parents

15.A.always B. seldom C. again D. hardly

16.A players B. audience C. judges D. parents

17.A.waited B. looked C. wished D. asked

18.A.comfortably B. hurriedly C. happily D. anxiously

19.A.cried out B. let out C. announced D. declared

20.A.England B. Cleveland C. Ohio D. California

2、议论文突破

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文,它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文旧理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文,还有人直接将议论文归入到了说明文当中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言,英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先,英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”,并不进行正反评判和推理,也不强迫读者接受作者的观点;而英语议论文主要是就某一主题,在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上,通过论证、推理辩论等手段,试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点,但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。

议论文的应用范围很广,除了学术论文外,社论、评论、杂文,随感等都属议论文的范畴。

不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题--分析问题--解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下三种:

模式一:引言段(提出观点)--正方论点1(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者的观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)--结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)

在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排列,最有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以示强调。

模式二:引言段(提出观点)--反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)--结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)

在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。

模式三:引言段(提出观点)--反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点--结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)

在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。

议论文有自己的语言个性,它不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时,它的语言也很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),now that(既然),therefore(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),so(所以),It follows that…(因而…),If…,we may conclude that …(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……),Should it be the case (如果是这样的话……),Idon’t want to…,but…(我并不想……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……但是……),Even if …(即使……)等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。

同学们在解答议论文体的完形填空时,首先要读懂第一节,尤其是文章的第一句话,

这样就可以迅速找到文章所要论证的观点,进而理解全文的主旨大意。其次要用心体会,作者谋篇布局的方法,了解各个段落的功能,感受作者论证的过程。最后再循着作者的思路重读全文,推敲各空答案。

请看下面的例题:

Recently, a professor of philosophy(哲学) in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has 1._____ that how we deal with money in our day to day life has more meaning than we usually 2._____. One of the exercises he has asked his students to do is to keep a 3_____ of every penny they spend for a week. From the 4._____ they spend their money, they can see what they really 5._____ in life.

The professor says our 6._____ with others often becomes clearly defined(明确) when money enters the picture. You 7._____ have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some 8._____. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems 9._____ than ever before. 10._____it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn’t.

Since money is so important to us, we consider those who are 11._____ to be very important. The professor 12._____some rich people in researching his book.

Question: What is the most 13._____ thing you have discovered about being rich?

Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much 14._____. I am nothing. I don’t know much. All I am is rich.

People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it 15._____? How much money do I need for any given 16._____ in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important 17._____ in modern society: to bring back the idea that the money is an instrument 18._____than the end. Money plays an important 19._____ in the material world, but 20._____ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.

1.A.pointed B. studied C. discovered D. noticed

2.A.imagine B. think C. recognize D. plan

3.A.secrect B. diary C. promise D. record

4.A.way B. method C. opinion D. attitude

5.A.mean B. value C. get D. make

6.A.work B. friendship C. relation D. union

7.A.should B. must C. had to D. might

8.A.cars B. books C. rooms D. money

9.A.stronger B. weaker C. worse D. looser

10.A.But B. Otherwise C. And D. Then

11.A.rich B. poor C. helpful D. ordinary

12.A.saw B. interviewed C. questioned D. knew

13.A.puzzling B. disappointing C. surprising D. interesting

14.A.worry B. doubt C. hate D. respect

15.A.about B. against C. for D. at

16.A.achievemant B. result C. purpose D. success

17.A.need B. discovery C. lack D. event

18.A.better B. rather C. more D. less

19.A.action B. performance C. role D. trick

20.A.demanding B. hoping C. getting D. expecting

3、说明文突破

说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态,或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。它所说明的对象可以是实体的事物,如仪器仪表、自然环境等,也可以是抽象的事理、如概念、原理、定律、规章等。它包括说明书、解说词、文献资料、图表等形式。尽管说明文中可能会掺有一些记述、描写或议论的成分,但说明文的最主要表达方式还是说明。必须说明的是与汉语说明文相比,英语说明文所涉及的范围似乎更大,在英语中,天文地理、人情世故、客观事物、主观意识等宇宙间的一切都可以通过说明文加以阐述说明,象the importance of being on time(准时的重要性)和the happiness of reading books(读书之乐)之类的话题,在汉语中似乎应该属于议论文的范围,但在英语中却一般列在说明文中。

与英语记叙文相比,英语说明文的语言特征并不那么明显。但尽管如此,也还是有一些语言现象在英语说明文中经常出现。

1)、多用现在时态。

2)、采用客观描述。

3)、遣词用字简炼、平实、确切。

解答说明文体裁的完形填空题是要着重把握这样两个方面:

(1)、弄清叙述的顺序。

(2)、了解说明文的种类。说明文依照内容展开方式可以分以下几类:

1过程说明文。这是用得最广的一种说明文,它又分为人为过程的说明文(给予指令或建议)和自然过程的说明文(提供信息和分析)两种,文章形式既有实用性较强的产品介绍,生活知识;也有专业性很强的学术论文;还有幽默风趣的科学小品等。过程说明文中的时态通常用一般现在时。

2实例说明文。它是用实例、事实来阐述特征过程、现象、观点的一种说明文。那些空洞的概念和高深的理论经过事实和例子的佐证立即就会变得具体明白、简单起来。

3比较(对比)说明文。它是运用比较和对比的手段来分析和说明事物的一种说明文。通过比较相似事物和对比相异事物,可以使事理更加明了。

4分类说明文。对于复杂事物,往往可以根据它的性质、形状、成因、功能等属性的差别,分成若干类,然后依照类别分别进行说明。通过分类说明可以加深读者对事物本质的了解。

5因果说明文。通过分析事物的因果关系阐明事物的性质或经过的文章称为因果说明文。在对有关因果关系透彻分析的基础上得出的结论总是令人信服的。

6界说(定义)说明文。就是用简洁而明确的语言把事物的本质属性揭示出来,给人们以清晰的概念。界说(定义)说明文中总是有一个定义句,其句式为被定义对象的所属类别+限制性定语。定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,如A bat(蝙蝠)is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on fruit and insects but is not a bird .因此,界说(定义)说明文既能使读者对被说明文的事物有一个明确的本质的了解,又能使读者将该事物与其他事物区别开来。

英文说明文的写作方式除了以上六种外,还有其他一些但对于中学生来说,这六种方式是首先值得了解的。另外,值得一提的是,在一篇说明文中,常常是以一种写作手法为法,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种手法混用,并不分什么主次。

弄清了说明文的种类和不同,说明文的写作特点,有助于我们采取不同的阅读策略,

进而达到迅速、准确理解文章的目的。

请看下面的例题。

One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our 1._____we can see what has not yet happened. For example, while we are looking forward to 2._____a new place or country, we 3._____what it will be like. We predict( 预料) the 4._____ people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things 5._____. Things are often very different from the way we 6._____them to be.

One of the 7._____ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been 8._____ to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had 9._____and analysed(分析) the problem from every angle(角度) for days, but there 10._____ to be no way of 11._____ out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreamed. When he 12._____ up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in his 13._____.

The hypnotist(催眠者)sat in the chair opposite him and spoke 14._____: I want you to concentrate on my voice. Think about 15._____. You know nothing but my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your 16._____ will get heavier. Soon you’ll be asleep.

You will hear my voice and 17._____ my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are too heavy. You are 18._____ asleep, and when you wake up you will 19._____ nothing.

You will forget everything. Now I am going to 20._____ slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five.

1.A.brains B. senses C. minds D. sights

2.A.visiting B. seeking C. reaching D. discovering

3.A.imagine B. know C. feel D. guess

4.A.custom B. habit C. style D. way

5.A.quickly B. simply C. correctly D. neatly

6.A.required B. wished C. left D. expected

7.A.funny B. dull C. famous D. silly

8.A.managing B. trying C. thinking D. hoping

9.A.studied B. learned C. discussed D. researched

10.A.used B. ought C. seemed D. had

11.A. making B. finding C. turning D. letting

12.A.gave B. sat C. woke D. got

13.A.dream B. lesson C. research D. exercise

14.A.softly B. loudly C. slowly D. firmly

15.A.everything B. something C. nothing D. anything

16.A.eyes B. feet C. head D. body

17.A.believe B. repeat C. take D. understand

18.A.really B. extremely C. actually D. almost

19.A.accept B. remember C. hear D. receive

20.A.count B. say C. add D. speak

内容概要:本文讲述了人的大脑有预测未来的非凡能力,甚至在梦中有时也能解决一些难题。

答案简析:

1、选C。从前一句话中可以得到足够的启示。

2、选A。此处强调过程,另三个词系短暂动词,不能这样用。

3、选A。imagine表示一种心理描绘,与look forward to,predict 和expect 等词意相吻合。

4、选D。这里强调的是行为方式。此外,第6个空格前重现了类似的表达方式。

5、选C。情况经常与我们预计的不同,说明我们的预计不总是“正确的”。

6、选D。四个选项中只有expect与predict 同义。

7、选C。开普勒的梦不具有 funny,dull和silly的特征。

8、选B。从下文来看,已成功地解决了问题,而不是“想”、“希望”或“努力”去做。

9、选A。“研究”与“分析”是紧密相联的。study 此处意为“研究”。research作“研究”讲时,若接宾语,须加上介词on 或into。

10、选C。凭语感确定。

11、选B。find out 意为“弄清”、“找出”。其余三个词组不合文意。

12、选C。wake up“醒来”,符合情节发展的进程:睡觉--做梦--醒来。

13、选A。由前文可知,他是在“梦”中解决了难题。

14、选A。softly意为 gently and slowly,这是催眠者对催眠对象应该采用的方式。

15、选C。从前后句来看,催眠者希望他什么也不要想。

16、选A。从下文your eyes are too heavy一句中可得到暗示。

17、选D。听到并且“理解”合乎逻辑。

18、选D。almost asleep意为迷迷糊糊地睡着了,从眼皮沉重,还有简单的思维活动来看,不能说是完全睡着了。

19、选B。这里的remember nothing等于下一句中的forget everything。

20、选A。后面列举的一、二、三、四、五这一串数字,表明“计数”已经开始。

4、夹叙夹议文突破

夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情,一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体,“叙”是“议”的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开;“议”是“叙”的渗透,即议论在记叙的基础上发表,且要有一定的深度与广度。

解答夹叙夹议类完形填空题时,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。

请看下面的例题。

Is the world really going mad? 1._____day I was sittng in a restaurant 2._____ a quick drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 3._____ me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long 4._____ the whole room was 5._____ with smoke. I asked with an apology for 6._____ to open a window to stop myself 7._____!

Nowadays air pollution is something that hardly question any more. However, I still can’t walk down the street in any of the big cities without 8._____ that people are 9._____ the air pollution. It is time for the government departments of the world to introduce emission(废气排放) controls on all cars and 10._____ the public transport system(公共交通体系) to encourage people to 11._____ their cars at home. A friend of mine takes flying lesson each morning and it really makes him 12._____ when he climbs above the smog layer(烟雾) and looks down 13._____ it and thinks: “I’m breathing that!” This kind of 14._____ results from the bad management of resources. Waste things can 15._____ should, be treated properly. House building, road 16._____, and industrial development are all earthmoving(or earth-reducing) operations and can change the balances of 17._____ created over millions of years. I would like to 18._____serious studies done on all these main works before they are built. Also, there should be 19._____ national parks set up to keep the most beautiful parts of our countries in their natural 20._____.

1.A.The other B. Another C. Every D. Each

2.A.asking for B. drinking C. having D. buying

3.A.seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed

4.A.ago B. after C. before D. now

5.A.full B. filled C. crowed D. parked

6.A.promise B. help C. suggestion D. permission

7.A.standing B. sitting C. talking D. dying

8.A.thinking B. persuading C. deciding D. learning

9.A.suffering B. dying C. walking D. standing

10.A.increase B. reduce C. improve D. raise

11.A.wash B. repair C. drive D. leave

12.A. sick B. tired C. foolish D. excited

13.A.on B. at C. from D. for

14.A.discussion B. question C. pollution D. operation

15.A.but B. yet C. still D. and

16.A.work B. construction C. building D. setting

17.A.life B. mind C. human being D. plants

18.A.see B. start C. enjoy D. pay

19.A.few B. any C. more D. no

20.A.situation B. states C. soils D. places

答案简析:

1、选A。the other day意为“几天前”,可以用作状语。

2、选C。四个选项中只有have可以同时后接a drink和a talk这样两个宾语。

3、选B。it 为形式主语,that从句为真主语从句,全句意为“餐馆里几乎每个人都在抽烟,此事突然引起了我的注意”。A、C不能接人,应予排除,show表示人为地展示给他人看,在此不合语境。

4、选C。it is not long before …是一个句型,表示没过多久就……,由此可以看出烟雾之大。

5、选B。根据意义和搭配不难选定。

6、选D。ask for permission意为“请求允许”,其他三个选项不合逻辑。

7、选D。这里有点夸张的味道,从句末的感叹号上也能体会出作者当时的心情。

8、选A。这里的双重否定表示“一上街就自然地…”。B、C、D三项明显不合逻辑。

9、选A。从词语搭配角度考虑。

10、选C。只有真正地“改善了公共交通系统,才能使市民弃用私车”。

11、选D。目的就是要鼓励人们把车“停放”在家中。

12、选A。由于高空中的烟雾,作者朋友在上飞行课时自然会感到身体,尤其是眼睛不舒服,由作者朋友的心理活动I’m breathing that也可作出这种推断。

13、选B。在高处向下看物体应用look down at sth。

14、选C。空中的烟雾应该视作一种“污染”。

15、选B。此处为递进关系,表示“能且应该”,故用and。

16、选D。道路应用“建设(construction)”。building表示房屋的“建筑”,应排除。

17、选A。另三个选项不能概全。

18、选A。这里表达的是作者的一种愿望。

19、选C。作者意思是指要通过建公园来保护环境。根据意义不难排除另三个选项。

20、选B。保持自然状态以用states为好。

四.完型填空应试策略

由于完形填空重在考查学生在语篇中综合运用语言的能力,答题时就必须遵循“整体-部分-整体”的步骤,具体可分为以下三步:

1、通览全文,了解大意

2、综合考虑,逐项填空

3、复读检验,消除疏漏

完成所有空档后,还要再复读一遍短文,看看这时的短文行文是否流畅,意义是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理。若有不合语感、题意或语言规范之处,应审慎调整答案,力求做到万无一失。

例:(全国夏季高考题)

What is intelligence(智力)anyway? When I was in the army I 1_____an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against 2______of 100,scored 160.

I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 3_____ have scored more than 80.4_____, when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him---and he always 5_____ it.

Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man 6_____ questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them I’d prove myself a 7_____. In a word where I have to work with my 8_____,I’d do poorly.

Consider my auto-repair man 9_____.He had a habit of telling 10_____. One time he said,” Doc, a deaf-and-dumb(聋哑)man 11_____ some nails. Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made 12_____ movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He 13_____ his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk 14_____ him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well, Doc, the 15_____ man who came in was blind. He wanted scissors(剪刀).16_____ do you suppose he asked for them?” I lifted my right hand and made scissoring movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said, “Why, you fool, he used his 17_____ and asked for them. I’ve been 18_____ that on all my customers today, but I knew 19_____ I’d catch you.” “Why is that?” I asked. “Because you are so goddamned educated, Doc. I knew you couldn’t be very 20_____.”

And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.

1.A.failed B.wrote C.received D.chose

2.A.an average B.a total C.an exam D.a number

3.A.always B.possibly C.certainly D.frequently

4.A.Then B.Thus C.Therefore D.Yet

5.A.fixed B.checked C.drove D.changed

6.A.answered B.practised C.designed D.tried

7.A.teacher B.doctor C.winner D.fool

8.A.brains B.effort C.hands D.attention

9.A.again B.as usual C.too D.as well

10.A.lies B.jokes C.news D.tales

11.A.bought B.tested C.found D.needed

12.A.cutting B.hammering C.waving D.circling

13.A.nodded B.raised C.shook D.turned

14.A.brought B.packed C.sent D.sold

15.A.clever B.other C.right D.next

16.A.What B.How C.Who D.Which

17.A.imagination B.hand C.voice D.information

18.A.trying B.proving C.practising D.examining

19.A.for sure B.at once C.in fact D.right now

20.A.clear B.silly C.slow D.smart

答题分三步:

第一步,通览全文,了解大意。本文选用的是科幻、科普小说作家阿西莫夫自述的一段故事,体裁为夹叙夹议。短文大意为:博士智商很高,但却被修理工的一个非常简单的智力问题给难住了,由此引出这样一个话题:到底什么是智力?

第二步,综合考虑,逐项填空。该完形填空题内容幽默风趣,文章结构严谨,信息相互依存,细节环环相扣。要答好它最好能把握以下几个方面:

1、文章的主线。如:

2、句子间的逻辑关系。如:

3、句子内部的逻辑意义。

4、句子中的关键词。

5、句子前后词语的逻辑关系。

6、事件的先后顺序。

7、作者的态度。

8、词语的习惯搭配。

第三步,复读检验,消除疏漏。

五. 应试准备

事实表明:完形填空的解题能力是与一定量的实践练习密切相关的。只有通过训练,才能提高应试能力。训练时,应特别注意以下几个方面:

1. 注意固定短语的积累

2.平时练习时注意方法的运用

3. 每天应该做一篇完型填空

1)、注意选用那些质量较高(以意义填空为主,与竞赛题特点相一致)的练习作为训练材料。

2)、注意在把握全文意义的基础上再去考虑各个空格的答案。要明确每道题的答题依据,即弄清根据文中什么信息确定了某一题的答案,可以将依据简要地记下来,也可将依据的信息与相关空格用线连起来。初始训练时,不一定光做标准的完形填空练习,可从缺词填空练起,看看自己能否仅仅根据上下文判定每空的答案。也可将标准完形填空题的选项部分用纸遮起来,逼着自己先通读全文,预测可能的答案,然后到选项中去验证自己预测的答案,如果预测的答案与某一选项完全相符,则可断定该选项就是答案。

3)、注意在阅读中分析文章的主旨大意和行文逻辑,培养对语言结构和语言情境的敏感性。下面让我们通过几个例子来看看语言结构和语言情境的变化对答案的影响:

I did it .

A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D. again

让我们再看看增加了某些情景的句子的情况:

She said I was not strong enough but I did it .

A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D. again

再看下例:

Failure(失败)told me that I was not too careful then, so I did it to see the result.

A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D. again

又如,如果语境是这样的:

Failure is the mother of success. The famous saying encouraged me. I did it _____.

A. myself B. yesterday C. carefully D. again

由此可见,完形填空之难,在于光懂得一些语言规则是不能答好题的,还必须读懂文章,弄清语境,并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断,只有这样才能作出恰当的选择。上面举的几个例子充分说明了这一点。

篇2:高三英语冲刺讲座2

单项选择

第一部分: 语法复习的主要脉络

通过对历年来高考单项选择试题的分析,可以发现,单项选择题已经由传统的单纯考查语法知识向考查英语应用的方向发展,体现了英语的交际功能。考查重点也由集中到分散,考查的知识点越来越多。

从词法上看,动词(动词时态、语态(主动表被动)、非谓语动词(重点)、词语辨析/一词多义和情态动词,)、形容词、副词、名词和代词是考试重点,而动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和情态动词是重中之重;

从句法上看,连词和从句是考查的重点。从高考的试卷来看,动词时态考查比较多的是一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时,现在完成时、现在完成进行时以及它们之间的混合。被动语态中也涉及到时态问题。关于非谓语动词,考生一定要确认非谓语动词 在句子中所充当的成分,它的作用是什么,同时也要明确这样一个事实:非谓语动词和谓语动词一样,也存在时态和语态的问题。

语法复习主要脉络:

1. 定语从句:(缺什么,补什么)

1) 关系代词/关系副词在定语从句中的作用

2) 限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句

3) 定语从句中只用that不用which的八种情况

4) 介词+关系代词(which/ whom/ whose/ where)引导的定语从句(注意介词的选择的三种情况)

Mr. Smith, in whose office Mr. Li once worked, was told to have been killed in an accident.

She stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden.

5) 关系代词as引导的定语从句(注意和which引导的定语从句的不同)

6) 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致

7) 注意way后接定语从句的情况 way in which/ that/ 不填;

2. 名词性从句

主语从句

It 作形式主语(虚拟问题)/ That句首引导(注意 that不能省略)/ Wh- 词引导 (whether引导的问题)

宾语从句

要求,命令,建议,决定,意图,推荐的动词后面的宾语从句/ wh-词引导/ it形式宾语/ that 引导/ whether引导

表语从句

that引导(注意 that不能省略)/ Wh- 词引导 (whether引导的问题)/ 虚拟语气

同位语从句(和定语从句的辨析)/ 虚拟语气

that引导(注意 that不能省略)/ 某些名词fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility, word,question等/ wh-词引导

3. 状语从句

1)时间状语从句(由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever等引导的副词从句;every time, each time, next time, last time等引导的时间副词从句;由once, as soon as, the moment (that), the instant (that), the minute (that), directly, immediately, instantly引导的副词从句;由since, ever since引导的副词从句;由no sooner… than, barely / hardly / scarcely… when引导的副词从句)

2)地点状语从句 (由where, wherever引导)

3)原因状语从句(because, since, as;由 now ( that)(因为,既然),seeing that(因为,鉴于),considering that(鉴于,考虑到),in that(因为)引导的表原因的副词从句)

4)让步状语从句(由even if / even though(即使,虽然)引导的;由 no matter how / what / which等引导的)

5)目的状语从句(由that, so that, in order that, for fear that引导)

6)结果状语从句(由so… that, such… that等表结果的副词从句引导)

1. 情态动词

1) 情态动词+ have done (表对过去推测的含义)(must, could/couldn’t, should/ shouldn’t, needn’t/ might, would)

2)不同情态动词的不同用法

Will(表将来; 表习惯;表趋向,趋势;表规律;表推测;表命令;条件从句中的will; 表执意)

Can(表能力;表允许;表可能性;和be able to 的区别)和could的用法

May(表允许; 用在目的状语从居中;表让步;表祝愿)和might的用法

Must(表主观的肯定;表肯定推测;表偏要,硬要)

Shall①用于第一、三人称的问句中,表示征求建议。例如:

②用于第二、三人称,表示命令、警告、威胁。例如:

③用于官方文件中,表明具有法律效应。

Need (常用于否定句和疑问句; 用于肯定句中的条件(only, but, all, before等暗含否定含义的词)

2. 主谓一致

l)某些集体名词,如 family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式

2)某些集体名词,如 people,police,cattle,militia等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数

3)单、复数同形的名词做主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,做主语时,动词一般用单数。

5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式

6)不定代词 each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.

7)如果主语有 more than one…或 many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式.

8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式.

9) this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;

10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。

11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数.

12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致.

13)用 and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式.

14)当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,With,like,rather than,together with,but,except, besides, including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定.

15)以 or,either… or ,neither… nor,not only.but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则,

16)名词型物主代词连接的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

17)such, the same 起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

18)关系代词who, that, which等在定词从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

19)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

20)不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some, more等作主语时, 有两种情况

21)“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of , lots of , plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致

22)a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数

23)表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式

24)half of, (a)part of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。

25)如果主语由“the +形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,

26)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。

27)在“one of +复数名词+who/ that/ which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/ that/ which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。

3. 倒装句

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly… , at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely, not often, by no means, not a bit, still less, in no case, 等。

2) 以否定词开头作部分倒装

3) only + 状语 在句首倒装的情况。

4) as, though 引导的倒装句

5) 其他部分倒装

(1) so (such) … that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。

So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.

To such lengths did he speak that every got bored.

(2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如: May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

(3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:

4. 名词(抽象名词的具体化)和冠词的连用; 名词单复数同形

5. 冠词(定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法; 和抽象名词连用表具体的内容)

6. 形容词和副词(形容词排序的问题(冠词或指示代词+所有格+序数词+基数词+特性/性质+大小/长短/高低+年龄/温度/新旧+形态/形状+颜色+国籍/地区/出处+物质/材料+用途/类别/目的);形容词副词同形;级的问题(倍数的比较);级的加强语气词)

7. 代词(that/ one/ it的替代作用)

8. 时态(十六种时态的构成及基本定义; 确定时态的方法)和语态(主动表示被动的特殊形式)

9. 非谓语动词(动词不定式/ 动名词/ 分词的不同作用; 特殊动词后的非谓语动词形式, 它的时态和语态)

10. 动词(动词辨析; 固定搭配; 一词多义)

11. 强调句型(和其它几个相似句型的辨析)

It is/ was … that … 和It is/ was … when/ before/ since…的区别

12. 反意疑问句(复合句的的反意疑问句)

13. 句型的复习与巩固(61个基本句型)

14. It句型的判断方法(疑问句要改为陈述句, 使问题简单化) 和there be 句型

15. 虚拟语气(虽然不在高考大纲中,但是高考也考过)

第二部分:应试策略

英语知识运用能力

20高考英语知识运用试题的基本特点是:平稳、难度下降、知识点覆盖全面、突出语篇、符合考纲目标要求。

单项填空试题

高考英语中的单项填空试题主要考查:1)语法知识;2)运用语法知识的能力;3)搭配、习惯用法;4)对词语的正确理解能力。年高考15份试卷中的单项填空试题的特点是:内容覆盖面广、试题重点突出,强调动词用法能力的考查。英语动词的学习是中学英语教学中的重点和难点,与动词有关的内容有:时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、非谓语动词等。该试题的设计遵循“以能力立意的原则”突出语境理解的作用,注重基础知识在语境中理解与运用的考查。单项填空试题难度下降,没有偏题、怪题,符合目前英语新课程改革的要求。修订大纲中指出;“大型考试应降低语法试题的难度。” 英语课程标准在终结性评价中指出:“笔试应避免单纯语法知识题”。试题知识点覆盖比较全面、基本上做到了重点突出(主干知识动词占该试题50%)。

试 卷 考 查 内 容

动词(时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词短语、动词) 复合句(定语从句、状语从句等) 其它(冠词、副词、代词、用语、名词、形容词等)

全国 6 3 6

全国(新课程) 6 3 6

全国(广西) 6 2 7

北京 7 3 5

浙江 7 2 6

湖北 7 2 6

湖南 9 2 4

天津 5 3 7

福建 7 2 6

江苏 7 2 6

重庆 8 1 7

广东 4 2 9

辽宁 7 2 6

单项填空试题能力层次分类分析:

1)语法理解和运用能力

动词时态

(全国一卷)

30. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ___________ half of it.

A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed

此题考查动词时态。根据题干所提供的语境,My mind wasn’t on what he was saying用的是过去时态,说明“漏听的内容”也应该表示过去的一个客观事实。干扰最大的是B选项。如果不认真分析语境,容易误选过去完成时。正确答案为D。

(全国二卷)

25. ---Has Sam finished his homework today? ---I have no idea. He ____it this morning.

A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done

此题语境设计非常精彩,考生如果只根据第一句的问话判断答案,A、BI 都有干扰性,尤其容易选A 选项,He did it this morning.没有上下文,单独看此句是正确的。但是认真分析对话的答语I have no idea.就只有C选项He was doing it this morning.符合对话的语境。

(北京卷)

22.---What’s that terrible noise? ---The neighbors ____ for a party.

A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

此题根据第一句的语境判断,问的是此时此刻“噪音产生的原因”,所以选择B选项,用现在进行时态解释噪音产生的原因。

(湖北卷)

22. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _____her somewhere.

A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen

题干中的语境kept looking at暗示了出后面的动作应该使用过去完成时态,表示“…..不知在什么地方见过她。”所以答案为D。

(江苏卷)

34. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.

A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun

题干中的since the early 1990s是表示时间的关键短语,后面的定语从句有对该短语进行了进一步说明,所以不难判断出正确答案应该是B。

补充说明

情态动词

(全国一卷)

29. ---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

---No, it _____ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not

此题考查在特定语境中情态动词的运用。通过对所提供的语境I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.的理解,推断出正确选项应该是“can’t”。can’t表示一种否定的推测,考查了情态动词表示推测的基本知识,即表示否定和疑问的推测要使用can。

(上海卷)

28. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.

A. must B. may C. can D. need

根据题干中所提供的语境“under adult supervision when in a public library”

选择A选项。

(湖北卷)

26. ---Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

---Sorry, I’m not sure. But it ____ be.

A. might B. will C. must D. can

所提供的语境I’m not sure明显说明对所说的事情把握不大,因此选择A选项might。

复合句

(全国一卷)

31. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.

A. why B. where C. what D. how

此题重点考查表语从句关联词的选择与对动词disagree用法的掌握情况。该题有一定难度,误选C的考生占一定比例。主要原因是受中文影响,即“我不同意你说的人人平等。” 如何选择从句中的连词与清楚地理解从句中的动词用法有着密切的关系。disagree是不及物动词,表示在某一点上“不同意”,所以该题正确答案应该选B( where),表示“你说人人平等,在这一点上我不敢苟同。”

(全国二卷)

23. There were dirty marks on her trousers______ she had wiped her hands.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

此题考查定语从句的用法。从句中的动词“wiped sth on sth”提供了清楚的语境,所以选择A(where)作为关系副词引导定语从句指代“在裤子上”。

(全国一卷)

23. The English play ____my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

答案为C。定语从句是高中语法学习的重点,也是历届高考测试的热点。

定语从句的考查点为关联词的运用,使用好关联词关键是要理解关联词在从句中的作用。从句中的动词 act表示

“表演一部戏”时与介词的搭配为 “act in a play”,所以该题引导定语从句的关联词为in which。

(北京卷)

31. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

此题考查宾语从句关联词的选择。从主句中的cannot figure out可以判断出应该选择why,说明我们不明白到底什么原因使那么多的动物渐渐灭绝。

(湖南卷)

23. I work in a business_____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

此题的先行词为business,定语从句还原便可清晰看到该句为“almost everyone is waiting for a great chance in the business”,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以选择C.(where)。

24. I think Father would like to know _____I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which B. why C. what D. how

此题关键是理解be up to的含义,根据题干所给的具体语境be up to的意思

为“忙于……从事于……”。所以选C(what )代替介词to后的宾语。

(上海卷)

36. America women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently.

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

考查点为定语从句。C选项干扰比较大,误选C的考生主要是没有认真理解从句动词,而受主句as的干扰。还原定语从句为”they can talk with them”, 所以正确答案为D(with whom)。

2)习惯用语的辨析能力

(全国一卷)

26. ---How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

---That _____ me fine.

A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits

考查点为动词辨析。动词satisfy和 meet都有“满足”的意思,根据题义可以排除。动词fit和 suit都有“适合,合适”的意思,fit常用于表示衣服合身,而suit的含义比较广,有“对……合适,对……方便”的意思。选择D(suit)符合该题的上下文。

(全国二卷)

33. I must be fat---I can _____ do my trousers up.

A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom

考查在特定语境中恰当使用副词的能力。根据题干第一句句意:“我一定是发胖了”,第二句应该表示胖的程度:“裤子要系不上了”。A 和C不符合题意,seldom是频度副词,而hardly既是频度副词,也是程度副词,因此最佳答案为B(hardly)。

(全国三卷)

28. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.

A. length B. distance C. way D. space

考查点为近义词在特定语境中的用法。根据题干60 miles的暗示,此处需要

一个代表“距离”的名词,所以选B(distance)符合题义。

3)识记、理解并灵活使用固定搭配的能力

(全国一卷)

32. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished with them.

A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off

该试题考查理解运用动词词组的能力。在准确分析语境的前提下,动词词组

掌握得比较好,选出正确答案C是不难的。动词词组很多,而且每个词组常常

有几个甚至更多的含义,所以要很好地掌握它们的意思,只靠死记硬背不行,

要在大量语言材料输入的同时,观察和体验这些短语在特定语境中的用法。

(全国二卷)

26. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _____completely.

A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over

根据题干语境,可以判断该空应该填“扑灭”,所以答案为B。

(重庆卷)

26. Before the war broke out, many people _____in safe places possessions they could not take with them.

A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away

分析句子不难看出,该句的意思是“把目前不用的东西收拾起来,以备将来

用。” in safe places是关键词,所以选B(put away)。

(北京卷)

35. I don’t _____rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for

正确答案为“go in for”,意思为 “从事,参加”。

3)英语口语交际能力

(天津卷)

21. ---How often do you eat out?

---, but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea B. It depend C. As usual D. Generally speaking

通过对话中usually的理解,可以排除C、D选项。But可以排除A选项。

正确答案为 B. (It depend)意思为“视情况而定”。

(湖北卷)

35. ---Will $200_____?

---I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.

A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do

Sth will do是一种比较固定的说法,在口语表达中比较常见,意思为“……够了,……行了”。

通过分析可以看出单项填空试题考查的能力可以具体归纳为三个方面:

a.特定语境中理解运用语法知识的能力;

b.特定语境中理解运用词汇知识的能力;

c.特定语境中理解运用日常交际用语的能力。

该试题考查趋势:考查点由强调语法结构向灵活的语言运用转移、词义理解设问更加灵活多变。

第三部分: 单项选择的应试方法

做单项选择题的时候,考生往往不能正确理解句子的大意。要处理好这个问题最重要的环节是分析句子的成分,看懂句子的意思。因此,考生应该有一定的词汇量和基本词法、句法和语法知识,必须知道每一个句子成分由什么充当。当然,我们并不是死抠语法知识,但是熟悉了解基本的语法知识是必要的。

做选择题的时候,考生可以运用直接法、排除法和比较法。所谓直接法,就是一眼能够看出题目的答案,直接选择;所谓排除法,就是对于有些拿不准的选项,首先将错误的选项逐一排除,最后得出正确答案;比较法,就是运用联想记忆,将学过的知识进行迁移,并且与考查的知识点进行比较对照,最终找出正确答案。

天津市2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)

21. - How often do you eat out ? - ________ , but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking

22. Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.

A. or B. while C. but D. and

23. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others ,______ , of course , made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

24. When he left ________ college , he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office .

A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the ; the

25. Happy birthday , Alice ! So you have________ twenty-one already!

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

26. I keep medicines on the top shelf , out of the children’s________ .

A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place

27. Mr. Smith used to smoke________ but he has given it up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

28. - What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

- I had just finished my work and ________ to take a shower.

A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting

29. I got the story from Tom and ___________ people who had worked with him.

A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than

30. It is easy to do the repair , __________ you need is a hammer and some nails.

A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything

31. - Who is the girl standing over there ? - Well, if you ________ know , her name is Mabel.

A. may B. can C. must D. shall

32. It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.

A. that B. until C. since D. before

33. It was not a serious illness, and she soon ________ it.

A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of

34. Don’t leave the water________ while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

35. A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A

项目 题号 项目 题号

交际 21 连词 22

定语从句 23 冠词 24

系动词 25 名词 26

副词 27 时态 28

代词 29, 30 情态动词 31

状语从句 32 动词短语 33

非谓语动词 34 名词性从句 35

如果我们仔细分析这张表的话, 我们不难发现还有几个语法项目没有考.例如, 介词, 形容词, 强调句, 感叹句, 反意疑问句, 省略句, 倒装句.

单项选择填空是这些年来高考试题中一直采用的一种题型,做好单项选择填空需要掌握选择填空的答题技巧,以便提高答题的准确率。选择填空的答题技巧是很多很多的,现在结合近年来高考选择填空题给同学们作些分析并提出一些注意问题。

一、整体把握,分析语境

这些年来,单项选择填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查,而是在特定的语境中对语法和词汇进行考查,这就增加了考试的难度。因此,考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力。答题时我们必须读完全部信息,利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如:

1. --- What’s that terrible noise? (2004年北京卷22题)

--- The neighbors ___________ for a party.

A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

2. -George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? (2004年湖北卷33题)

-No , I ________ . Did they have a big wedding ?

A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite

3. --- It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. (2004年全国卷I)

--- OK. ____________.

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you

二、注意分析句子结构

明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所担任的句子成分,有时对于我们选择正确答案是很有帮助的。例如:

1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______at the meeting by my boss

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

2. On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market煟撸 some bananas and visited his cousin.煛

A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

对句子稍作分析,我们就会发现本句中的空白处的句子成分与went、visited是三个并列谓语,后两个谓语用and加以连接,正确答案毫无疑问是A。

3. Is this factory____you visited last Friday﹖

A. which B. where C. the one D. there

应该知道这个句子的主语为this factory. this是定语is是连系动词当谓语,空白处缺少的是表语,所以C项是正确答案(the one后面省略了关系代词which或that)。如果我们在factory前面加上定冠词the,答案则应选A,因为此时factory成了句子的表语。

4.It was ________ back home after the experiment . (2004年湖北卷24题)

A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn’t go

C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn’t go

三. 注意排除思维定势的干扰

在学习过程中,同学们进行了相当多的习题练习,因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地会产生思维定势。当碰到一些已经发生了变化的新题目,如果不作分析而是凭老经验,想当然办事,势必造成错误。为此,必须排除思维定势的干扰,以便选出正确的答案。例如:

1. Whom is it up to ___________ the place to hold the meeting?

A. to decide B. deciding C. have decided D. being deciding

2. -She can’t help____the house because she’s busy making a cake.熒虾

A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned

3. This is the only way we are thinking of ___________ him out of trouble.

A. getting B. to get C. got D. to have got

4. He tried every means to make himself ___________ the rules by studying them day and night.

A. understood B. understanding C. understand D. to understand

四、注意捕获句子中的隐含信息

为了考查考生观察问题、分析问题的能力,高考选择题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在语境之中,而不是直截了当地告诉考生。因此,答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。例如:

1. -Are the new rules working﹖ -Yes.____books are stolen.煟∟MET)

A. Few B. More C. Some D. None

此题中的Yes提供了很重要的信息,它说明了答话人已肯定了新的规章在起作用,故正确答案是A。至于D项中的none是不能当定语的,故不能选。

2. -Can you come on Monday or Tuesday﹖ -- I’m afraid__ day is possible.煟∟MET)

A. either B. neither C. some D. any

此题中的“I’m afraid”就是隐含信息,它说明了答话人所持的是否定态度,也就是说星期一、星期二这两天都不行,所以B是正确的答案。

3. Everyone was on time for the meeting ___ Chris, who's usually ten minutes late for everything. (2004年湖南卷27题)

A. but B. only C. even D. yet

五、注意句式的变化

在考查考生对基础知识的掌握过程中,命题人常会通过改变句子结构的方式来增加试题难度。碰到这类题材时,要沉着冷静,仔细分析,以便选出正确的答案。例如:

1.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ________ such a beautiful palace.

A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find (2004年辽宁卷)

2。 John plays football____焛f not better than David.(NMET1994)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

这种把原级与比较级的用法混在同一个句子当中的用法,在中学教科书中并没有出现,考生碰到这种题目自然会感到很陌生。如果我们冷静地思考一下就会明白if not better than是插入语,这时就会觉得句子很容易理解,答案也就一目了然,即B是正确答案。

Rather than____on a crowded bus he always prefers____a bicycle.烴MET1994

A. ride, ride B. riding, ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding

此题用的是prefer to do…rather than do…的句型,如果该题以陈述句的形式出现,考生很容易找到正确答案。但是命题人却采用倒装句来命题,增加了试题的干扰因素,需要考生仔细分析才能明白C是正确答案。

-I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.

-What do you suppose____to him﹖熒虾1997

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

这里答语用的是复杂的特殊疑问句,其中do you suppose作插入语,可见suppose之后缺少的是句子谓语而不是suppose的宾语,故正确答案是C。至于D项时态不呼应,所以不能选。

六、注意日常交际用语的掌握与应用

高考题目中经常会出现日常交际用语方面的考查内容。做这类题目要特别注意的是中西方文化的差异,特定的语言环境以及习惯用法。以下应该注意的问题

1. 问是否介意及回答,of course/ certainly not; Not at all; I’m afraid you’d better not; I’m afraid you can’t; I’d rather you didn’t actually

2. 介绍及回答, This is …; I’m glad/ pleased to meet/ see you; Glad/ Nice to meet you

3. 表扬及回答, Thank you/ Thanks; It’s very kind of you to ay so; I’m glad you enjoy it.

4. 道歉及回答, Never mind; That’s all right.

5. 求助及回答, I’d love/ like to; With pleasure; Help yourself, please; Go ahead, please; I’d like to, but I’m busy now.

6. 主动帮助及回答, It’s all right. Thanks; That’s very nice of you.; No, thank you all the same/ just the same.

7. 成功表达及回答, I’m glad to hear that; Congratulations.

例如:

-Hi, haven’t seen you for ages. You look fine. -____. You look well焧oo.烴MET1994

A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all

在英语中,当听到赞扬时用来回谢对方的常用Thanks或Thank you,不能按照中国人的习惯为了表示谦虚等说“不”“没什么”一类的话。因此,正确答案是B。

-Do you think I could borrow your dictionary﹖ -____.烴MET1997

A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on

could用于疑问句可以用来表示委婉的语气,但它不能用于回答。help oneself含有“自取”“自用”的意思,所以C项为正确答案。

-I’d like to take a week’s holiday. -_____, we’re too busy. (2004年全国卷III23题)

A. Don’t worry B. Don’t mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon me

-Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide? -Of course. _______ sir. (2004年全国卷II 21题)

A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself C. It doesn't matter D. Take your time

--- I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.

--- _____________.

A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations

C. Really D. Oh, I am glad to hear that

七、细心观察,注意相似句型之间的差别

英语中有些句型很相似,如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如:

It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

As is known to all, pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

这里第一句中的it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句;第二句中的as为关系代词,引导的是定语从句。

再看下面一道高考题:

____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.烴MET

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此题答案是B。该题考查由as引导的定语从句,它可以放在主句前或后。as表示主句的内容,而不是代表某个先行词。故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的”。其余几项均无此意。如果有的考生不小心也会选A,因为it作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与as引导定语从句很相似。下面有100道相似句型题供同学们参考

单项选择填空题的内容是多方面的,这里所讲的只不过是其中几个问题。我们必须明白,要做好单项选择填空题仅靠掌握一些答题技巧还是远远不够的。因此,我们在平时的学习过程中一定要扎扎实实地打好英语基础并练好语言的本领。

单项选择复习建议

1. 熟练掌握高中英语新课程标准词汇及用法, 其中要掌握词性及其固定的搭配(基本要求)

2. 对于重要句型的把握 (重点61个)

3. 注意一词多义 (重点)(cover, run, reach, play, stand, beat, spare)

4. 固定搭配 (常考动词15个:take, get, bring, ask, catch, put, come, give, keep, make, break, hold, look, go, turn)

篇3:高三英语冲刺讲座1

一. 考纲说明

高考考纲公布之后,在高三师生中引起强烈反响。英语考纲因增加了新题型,取消了题型示例及赋分,可谓是“革命化”的修改。于是,高考英语变化成为考生和教师共同关心的焦点之一。

1.填空题考查三能力

今年的考纲最大的变化是增加填空题。规定的高考题型有:多项选择题、多项选择式完形填空题、填空题、短文改错和写作等题型,其中填空题是新增加的一种题型。从考纲给出的填空题型示例看,题目给出了一段文字,要求考生阅读后按照自己的理解进行填空,即用自己的理解来转述原文内容。该类题型将主要考查三种能力:阅读、阅读+写作、写作。 例如:

A laboratory, different from any others, at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers. While the students sleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye movements that shows the beginning of the dream as well as the body movements that shows the end of a dream. Observers report that a person usually keeps moving before a dream. Once the dream has started, his mouth doesn't move, neither does his body. But his eyes become more active, as if the certain had gone up on a show. When the dream lasts, many people murmur and even speak without any body movements. But the scientists can't make the final scientific conclusion until now.

Notes about dream

Stage Action

The dream starts 1. _____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________

The dream lasts Body movement ( ╳ ) Mouth movement ( √ )

The dream ends Body movement ( √ )

Keys : 1. Mouth movement ( ╳ ) 2. Body movement ( ╳ ) 3. Eyes movement ( √ )

2.应用考查加大

与去年的英语考纲相比,今年的考纲在考试性质部分删除了“英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的”一语。“按照标准化测试要求设计”的考卷中客观题多、主观题少。今年的考纲删除了这句话,表明高考英语学科将增加主观题含量,开始侧重对学生运用英语这门语言工具的考查。往年的考纲将听力列为单独的一部分,今年的考纲则将听力归入“语言运用”部分,这样设置更加科学。

3.明确各题能力要求

今年的考纲明确了各题的考查能力,大大方便了考生的复习。如听力“要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话”( 事件、天气、时间、地点、人物、原因、说话者的意图、观点)。这就要求考生:理解主旨要义;获取事实性的细节信息;理解说话者的意图、观点或态度;对所听内容作出简单推断。

再如,今年的阅读要求考生读懂所熟悉的日常生活的简短文字材料,如公告、说明、广告以及杂志、书报中关于一般性话题的简短文章。要求考生:理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;作出简单判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图和态度。

另外,写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。要求考生能够准确使用语法和词汇;使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

4.写作以中等题为主

去年的写作分为两部分:一是改错,二是书面表达。今年的写作没有划分得那么细致,这也是下发自主命题权的信号。

5.天津的考试说明和的没有多大的变化。

试卷特点:

1) 强调语篇结构分析, 要求考生在平时的学习中加强对阅读材料深层次的理解

2) 选材内容贴近生活、有时代气息

3) 试卷中继续出现一些不注释汉语、但不大影响对考试内容理解的生词。

4) 书面表达立意较好, 对考生提出了较高的要求

5) 阅读理解部分继续保持较大的阅读量

第五档(很好);(21-25分)

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

--- 覆盖所有内容要点。

--- 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

--- 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。

---有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档(好):(16-20分)

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

-虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。

-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

-语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

-应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档(适当):(11-15分)

基本完成了试题规定的任务。

-虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。

-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

-有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。

-应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。

整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档(较差):(6-10分)

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

-漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。

-语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

-有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。

-较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。

信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

第一档(差):(1-5分)

未完成试题规定的任务。

-明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。

-语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

-较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。

-缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。

信息未能传达给读者。

0分

未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

6)

听力

一、高考听力测试题的特点

1.测试目的和要求

高考听力测试以语篇(对话或独白)为测试载体,在语言使用的场景中测试学生使用语音、语法、词汇知识的能力,主要是考查考生对所听信息的正确理解能力和快速反应能力。听力测试要点包括:1)理解主旨和大意。2)获取事实性的具体信息,如时间、地点、人物等。3)简单推断谈话背景、人物关系等。4)理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。一般来讲, 说话人总会有说话的意图,或提出或回答问题,阐述自己的观点,表明自己的态度。有时,说话者的意图或观点被明确说出,有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间,需要我们去揣摩、推测。

天津2004年高考听力选材贴近学生生活, 具有鲜明的时态性。 考查对于语境的察觉、听的过程中的预测与设想、对所听内容中涉及事项的辨识等。

20的听力会略有调整,语速会加快一些, 从而使难度略有增加。

2.测试的形式和难度

高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右,共20个小题,计分30分。设问全部是特殊疑问句,几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型,如:what(主旨或内容) , who(关系或身份), when(时间), where(地点), why(原因), how(方式), what time(具体时间), how many(数), how much(量), how long(长短), how old(年龄), how soon(多久), how often(频率) 等,选项为“3选1”。听力测试共分两节:第一节是听五段简短对话,每段对话后仅有一个选择题,每段对话仅读一遍。主要考查考生对语音、数字(时间、日期、号码、价格等)、字母、句子结构及句意等的快速反应能力和理解能力。

听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place ?What is the man’s profession?, 之类的问题,考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点、人物职业、人物关系等。熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词,这一点很重要。记住下面一些常用的场景用语。

餐馆(restaurant)用语:menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup, dish, beer, food, soft drink等;

医院(hospital)用语:take medicine, temperature, pill , headache, running a fever, blood pressure 等;

宾馆(hotel)用语:luggage, single room, double room., room number 等;

邮局(post office)用语: mail, post, deliver, stamp, envelope, telegram等;

机场(airport)用语:flight, take off, land, luggage, boarding, meet sb. 等;

车站(railway station)用语: round trip, single trip, sleeping car, meet sb.等;

商店(shop)用语: on sale, size, color, price, change等;

学校(school)用语: professor, exam, course, dining hall, playground 等。

飞机上(on a plane) flight, landing card,

二、高考英语听力测试的题型及内容

(一)概括谈话主旨 (what)

任何一段对话都要围绕一个话题或一个中心思想来展开并贯穿整个对话或独白,它可以用一个或几个词或一个短语或一句来概括,此类题要求考生听懂并对材料的内容做出归纳和概括。

如NMET2001第3题:

What can we learn from the man from the conversation?

A. He's anxious to see his sister. B. He wrote to his sister last month. C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.

录音原文:

M:I haven't heard from my sister since last month.

W: Don't worry, Charlie. Letters from the United States can be slow sometimes.

对话中,两个人在谈论的是有两个月没有收到妹妹的信了,因此符合逻辑的是“期待”。对话中的don't worry有可能让一些考生误选A答案中的anxious。但是如果注意接下来的信息:Letters from the United States can be slow sometimes。那么就能听懂要义,选准答案C。

What are the two speakers talking about?

A. A football player B. A football team C. A football match

录音原文:

W:Do you know that Michael Owen has won the France football golden ball prize?

M:Not so surprised, he had twenty goals in this season.

在听录音中我们捕捉到 Michael Owen 人名,won…..prize 得奖;他进了20个球等关键信息。这些信息都是针对运动员,所以 题的正确选项为A。

(二)捕捉人物、时间、地点、数字等具体信息(what, when, where, who, why, how, whose)

为了说明和解释主旨大意,对话或独白材料中会出现一些具体信息,如时间、地点、人物和数字等。这些细节是把握对话的主旨必不可少的内容,也是听力考试的重点项目。 (要随手记录)

如NMET2001第1题:

Where did this conversation mostly take place? (地点)

A. At a concert B. At a flower shop C. At a restaurant

录音原文:

M: The music and flower are lovely.

W: Yes, I hope the food is good, too.

从对话中可以听出他们是在餐厅里,因为在餐馆里常常有音乐和鲜花的环境。那女士说的意思是音乐和鲜花都很美,同时希望有佳肴。因此答案为C。

What does the man often do?

A. He often makes live conversation with other people on the internet.

B. He often reads news on the internet.

C. He often depends on the internet for his work.

录音原文:

W: How much do you depend on the internet for information every day?

M: Well, I read online news quite often. But I never chat with people online as I am so busy.

What time did Julie leave? (对于含有时间的考题,应该采取的办法)

A. At 8:00 B. At 8:15 C. At 8:50

录音原文:

W: Have the children left for school yet?

M: Sally left around 8:00 and Julie ran out fifteen minutes later.

对于篇幅较长,难度较大的对话或独白,考生要培养在听力测试中“速记”的本领。“速记”不是听写,而是用最快的方式写下一个单词或一、二个数字,以便在第二次听录音时根据问题和选项进行校对和修正,确定选项。

例如:

Good evening. Tonight the main news is about the bad weather we are having. Storms are reported in all parts of the country. In the north, the main road near Glasgow are blocked by trees because of high winds. In the south, heavy rains and storms are reported. Near Dover, fifty houses have been flooded, and last night a lorry was blown over by the wind. In the east, quite a few areas have been flooded, many small boats have been lost, and this morning one boat was found two miles inland. Things are better in the west. But two villages have been flooded by a river. Four people nearly drowned in the flood. More storms are expected tomorrow.

1. Why are many roads closed in the north?

A. Because of heavy rain

B. Because of strong winds

C. Because of fallen stones from mountains

考生在准备听力时,心里要记住roads are closed in the north的原因是什么,手中的笔要记下because of 后面的单词.你将听到二遍because of high winds 你快速记下 winds这个单词,在录音放第二遍时再核对一下,所以答案是B

2、In which part of the country have fifty houses been flooded?

A. In the south B. In the north C. In the east

考生在准备听力时,心里要记住houses have been

flooded,然后特别要捕捉相应的的方位词。因为在上一题中已选择了north,所以一般不会重复该词。所以你把重点放在选项A和C上。你将听到二遍in the south, heavy rains and storms are reported. Near Dover, fifty houses have been flooded. 这里考生应快速记下 south和rains, flooded等单词,听第二遍时,考生再进行核对,本题答案为A。

3、What happened in the west?

A. Many boats were in the west.

B. Four people died in the west.

C. Two villages were under the water.

考生在准备听力时,心要记住 west,注意捕捉west附近的信息。你将听到二遍 two villages have been flooded by a river. Four people nearly drowned in the flood. 这里考生应快速记下 villages 和flooded, nearly drowned 。选项B为 four people died 与录音中的nearly drowned 不相符合,而选项中C的 two villages were under water 与录音中的 two villages have been flooded by a river 相符合。所以正确答案为C。

(三)推断对话或独白的背景和双方关系(what’s the relationship… / what are the two speakers?

此类题考查考生根据对话或独白所提供的有关信息,对对话或独白的背景,说话者所处的场合,谈话者的身份及关系进行推断的能力。 (注意两个人的说话的语气)

如NMET第16题:

What do you know about the woman?

A. She's the man's wife. B. She's a business manager. C. She's a company secretary.

录音原文:

M: What does our program look like for tomorrow?

W: Let's see. A meeting with Bill Lyons at ten in the morning, and all the paper work is ready. Then, a trip to the National Lab at three P.M And at seven in the evening we're having dinner with Mr. Cooper, manager of LG Company.

M: Another busy day. But please don't plan anything for Saturday. I'm going to watch basketball with my family.

从对话中说话人的语气判断,女士在向男士陈述第二天的工作安排,根据常识,这事一般是由秘书来做的。对话中最后一句But please don't plan any-thing for Saturday. I'm going to watch basketball with my family.也表明男士是女士的上司,因为这种口气只有老板对员工才有。因此答案为C。

What’s the relationship between the two speakers?

A. A boss and a salesgirl B. A teacher and his pupil C. A professor and his assistant

录音原文:

W: Excuse me, professor Smith. I was wondering if I could leave 15 minutes early this afternoon.

M: Sure, go ahead, Jane. Do give your lovely child a big kiss for me.

(四)判断说话人的观点和态度( how did sb. feel…/ what does the man think of(about)…/ what’s the man’s attitude towards…/

常言“听话听音,锣鼓听声”,说话者总会有说话的意图,有时这意图观点是明说出来的,有时则隐藏在字里行间,需要考生自己去揣摩、推断。这类考题的问题常可设置为:What will the man do this evening? What can we know about the woman? What is the most probable result of the conversation? What's the man's attitude towards……?等。

例如 NMET2002第12题。

设问:

Why does the man thank the woman?

A. She has helped him with his problem. B. She has invited him for coffee.

C. She has agreed to see him on Monday.

录音原文:

M: Thank you very much, Miss Tim. That helped me a lot.

W: I'm glad I could be of some help, Carlos. Let me know if you have any more questions later.

M: I will. And thank you for giving up your coffee break to help. I know you need one after

teaching three classes.

W: Oh, I don't mind. Teaching is what I love most.

M: Well, goodbye. And thanks again.

W: You're welcome, Carlos. See you in class Monday.

从开始感谢的话可以判断:Thank you very much. That helped me a lot.后又提到为帮助我牺牲了喝咖啡的时间,因此可以判断他感谢她是因为她帮他解决了问题,所以答案选A。

How did the woman feel about coming back by bus?

A. It was boring B. It was very nice C. It saved time

录音原文:

M: Did you mind coming back by bus instead of by plane?

W: No, we didn’t mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper.

三、高考英语听力的应试策略

具备相应的知识以后,高考听力考试的障碍主要出现在两个方面:一是能力因素。考生被录音材料牵着鼻子走,接受信息的速度跟不上谈话的语速,错过关键信息词,听完后把握不住要旨。二是心理因素。高考结果分析反映,听力测试的前五题丢分较多,这是因为在考听力时,考生似乎进入状态比较晚,心情烦燥不安,注意力不能集中,还没等听出个头绪就结束了。一旦开头有听不懂的部分,有的考生马上就会心慌,导致后面的问题也听不懂。答题思路不对也是丢分的重要原因。高考听力并不是重在细节,更不重在语法,而是重在对应(matching),只要听懂对话的大概内容,就能根据常识和逻辑分析,运用排除方法得出正确答案。为此,听力考试必须听、读、记结合进行:第一步迅速阅读题干和选项,第二步静听录音、记住要点,第三步结合人物、时空、话题及背景推出正确答案。临场应试具体应注意以下几个方面:

(一)调节情绪,保持良好的心理状态

高考听力测试具有瞬时效应、信息效应和心理效应的特点,需要稳定心理才能沉着应答,发挥出正常的水平。在平常的听力训练当中,应排除杂念,集中精力,全身放松,保持最佳竞技状态,把注意力全部集中在听音之上,充满信心,沉着冷静。在考试时,遇到未听懂或未完全听懂的内容,对于实在没把握的内容,也应采用阅读理解的方法去推测。切忌听录音时在某一个词语上冥思苦想、耿耿于怀,打乱听后面内容的心理节奏。

(二)读题预测,变被动为主动

在听力测试过程中,考生在听完每段材料后都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。所以考生应充分利用播放录音的间隙,阅读每题的题干和选项,强记关键目标词语,充分利用题干、选项和自己的的知识和经验,作适当的分析与推断,预先猜测对话或独白的内容,进而缩小“包围圈”,做到有的放矢。(对关键词做标记)

例如NMET第9-11题:

9.Where is the woman going?

A.Bridge Street B.The cinema C.The station

10.Where is the cinema?

A.On the corner of Bridge Street. B.Next to the station. C.On Station Street

11.Which turning should the woman take on Bridge Street?

A.The first on the right. B.The first on the left. C.The second on the left.

预先浏览第9题后,应立即想到要注意听的目标词语是有关地点的内容。看过第10和11题后,知道录音材料应该是有关问路的内容。可以联想到相关的词语,比如turn right, turn left, go straight等,带着这些预测的问题去听,听起来比较从容,心中有底。

(三)抓大放小,紧盯关键词句

由于高考听力材料信息量大,速度较快,捕捉关键词句就成了英语听力的一个非常重要的环节。有些考生在做听力测试的过程中抓不住重点,盲目地逐词逐句地听,不免挂一漏万。其实,在听录音的过程中,只要捕捉到关键的词句就能基本找出问题的答案。

例如NMET2002第14、15题:

14.What will the man do next morning?

A.Meet Mr.Cooper. B.Visit National Lab. C.Meet Bill Lyons.

15.How will the man spend his Saturday?

A.He will do some paperwork. B.He will take some rest. C.He will meet some visitors.

从录音材料中听到,女士的第一句话是:A meeting with Bill Lyons at ten in the morning.只要听准了人名、时间和具体事宜,第14题就可以选对答案C。男士后面又说到周六不要安排任何事情,他要与家人观看篮球赛,所以15题答案选B。此外,考生在听录音时还应重视说话人的重音和语调。通常情况下,说话人的语调越重表明此信息越重要。运用强记、专心投入,在听力考试中是至关重要的。所谓会听,就是指的在听力考试中会抓关键词语及主要信息。

(四)顾全整体,运用概括分析跳越障碍

高考听力测试题中很少出现没学过的生词,但不排除会碰到有些词听不懂的情况,于是有些考生不再继续往下听,而是去思考未听懂的个别词语,形成恶性循环。碰到个别词语听不懂是正常现象,可能是由于弱读、同化、连续、省音等语音现象的缘故,正确的处理方法是跳过去,接着往下听。只要你领会了大意,明确了话题和谈话的背景文化知识,就可以越过障碍,运用整体理解去推知答案。

例如NMET2002第6-8题:

6.How does the man feel about David's way of sleeping?

A.It's effective. B.It's strange. C.It's the best.

7.How many hours does David sleep a day?

A.Four. B.Six. C.Seven.

8.What does the woman suggest at the end of the talk?

A.People should develop a habit like David's. B.People need longer hours of sleep.

C.People have different sleeping habits.

听完全段对话后得出整体印象,可明确本段对话的主题要义是谈人的睡眠习惯。女士的第一句话就点出:David has a strange but highly effective way of sleeping,因此,第6题选B。女士的第二句话清楚表明a total of four hours of sleep each day,于是第7题就知道答案选A。在对话中那位男士最后说Not every-one is David ,I guess。由于可以推断他们的态度和观点:每个人的睡眠习惯是不一样的。因此,答案选C。

(五)眼明手快,各器官协调并用

在听第六到第十段长对话或独白时,考生不可能记住录音材料中涉及到的全部信息,特别是一些数据、时间、地点、人名等。所以考生就应做到耳听、眼读、脑思和手划同时进行。有必要时,考生还要对一些非常重要且易忘的信息做速记。速记时遵循的原则是简单、易懂、快捷,可采用字母、缩写、符号、汉字等形式,具体形式因时而异,因人而异。

总之,听应有法,但无定法,贵在得法。一般说来,高考听力题难度不会很大,只要平时打好词汇基础,坚持多听,加强有针对性的训练,高考中就定能发挥出最佳水平,取得满意效果。

听力复习方法:

1. 首先每天做一个听力的练习,时间不要超过30分钟。也就是说,听一个听力练习就够了,这样可以和高考取得同步。

2. 做听力时,要讲究方法。在听不懂的时候可以看听力材料。看一遍,跟读一遍。

3. 要坚持

篇4:高三英语冲刺讲座4

阅读理解

阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径,因此,阅读理解是试卷中占权重较大的一部分。20该试题有以下特点:难度适中,个别省份略有下降;短文选材符合《考试大纲》要求,即题材、体裁多种多样;对阅读技能考查全面;个别省份篇章长度有所加长;短文内容积极健康,有知识性、教育性。整体分析,各省市的试卷都做到了如下三个方面,1)信息含量大,体现在5篇文章题材与体裁的多样化方面;2)文章难易搭配适度,命题者注意到合理握文章及句子的难度;3)恰当控制生词的数量,较好地处理合成词与派生词。每份试卷的5篇文章20道题都能有序安排好细节判断,理解判断与推理判断题,命题者熔知识性趣味性实用性一炉,全方位多侧面对学生的阅读能力进行了检测。

英语高考中阅读理解短文的题材广泛,包括:政治、经济、文学、历史、地理、社会生活、科普知识等。短文的体裁以叙述文、议论文、说明文为主。叙述文描述人或事及相关情景的发生和发展经过。说明文是对事物现象的说明或解释。议论文论证某一观点是否正确,由论点、论据与论证构成。

阅读理解部分主要考察考生的以下能力:

1)正确理解英文原文;

2)掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

3)了解用于阐述主旨和大意的事实和有关细节;

4)根据上下文判断词汇和短语的具体含义;

5)既能理解单句的意思,也能理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;

6)根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推理;

7)领会作者的观点和态度。

要想顺利通过阅读理解部分,学生必须具备一定词汇和固定短语量、熟悉语法结构,拓宽知识面,熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章,提高阅读速度,提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外,学生还必须掌握有关阅读的基本技巧:

1.通过上下文猜测词义

1)利用某一生词前后出现的其他单词或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。

2)利用生词后面的同位语来猜测不熟悉的词。

3)利用语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。

4)利用说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。

5)学会只猜测生词的大概意思,而不必追求其准确定义。

2.善于分析和理解句子的内在关系

如果遇到较长的复合句,首先要找出表达句子主要意思的部分。准确判断句子的含意,分析和理解句子的内在关系,才能提高阅读能力。

1)逗号之后的句子像which ,that ,who等关系代词引导的从句通常是对前面的某个名词和句子作进一步解释和说明的。

2)句子较长找不到主语时,可以先找出谓语,然后确定在谓语动词前和句子主语核心名词后面的部分为该核心名词的后置定语,这样问题就迎刃而解了。

3)在短语或句子前后都有逗号时,可以把这一部分遮盖起来不要管它,再来重读句子,这时句子主谓结构就会突然变得清楚而又明朗了。

4)利用句子中的标点符号和反映句子内在关系的关键词或词组来分析理解句子。如:as a result of ; not only…but (also);from…to ; instead等。

3.利用有用的语言信号在阅读过程中进行猜测

一个有效率的阅读者要善于发现和识别有用的语言信号,如:读到thus这个单词时,我们就会期待着一个“结果”或“结论”,而见到however、but时,我们就会知道随之而出现的必定是一种和上文不同的情况。because、result ...from引导“原因”; on the other hand表示“对比”;such as 表示“举例”;consequently表示“结果”;furthermore表示提供进一步的信息;in fact表示进一步地说明和解释;similarly表示“相似”;on the contrary指一件事的相反方面;eventually表示“最终”的结果等。

我们知道,阅读是理解的前提和手段;理解是阅读的目的和结果,它起到分析、加工和处理信息的作用。因此,做阅读理解题时,应该究竟是先读问题,还是先看文章一直存在着分歧。由于两者各有利弊,而且每个人的阅读习惯不同,因而我们可以针对不同的文章采取不同的解题步骤。

1)先通读全文,然后做题,做题时如遇到困难,再重读有关的文字。这种方法的缺点在于第一遍阅读时,阅读目的性不明确,该记住的一些事实或细节未留心注意,答题时不得不再去查找。

2)先读问题,然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点在于目的明确,知道考查重点所在,因此阅读时就有侧重点,能节省解题时间。缺点在于,由于没有读过短文,不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况,因而可能不能很快找到所需的信息。

3)首先快速通读全文,对文章内容形成总体印象。然后读问题,再把全文认真读一遍,最后回答问题。这种方法避免了前两种方法的缺点,我们在快速阅读过程中能了解文章的题材、主要结构,并对细节也有所了解,这样既提高了做题的准确率,又能有效地利用时间。

第一部分: 高三考生英语阅读现状

1. 意识不到阅读的重要性

2. 没有时间做英语阅读

3. 不愿意做英语阅读

4. 找不到合适的阅读材料

5. 没有良好的阅读习惯和阅读方法

第二部分: 阅读考项中常考的题型及对策

我们如何在有限的时间内把自己的阅读水平提高一个层次呢?( 高考中取得相对高一点的分数)

阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意,也就是中心思想。文章或段落的中心思想犹如一支蜡烛的芯。这根芯看似无关紧要,但是如果没有它,那么这支蜡烛就不能再称为蜡烛,而是一堆蜡。所以,一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意,这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中被考查的重点。

下面,我们一起来回顾一下1990年到近十年的全真试题,就可知道此项技能的重要性了。

1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? [NMET91 (76)]

2.The best headline (标题) for this newspaper article is _____. [MET92 (66)]

3.The writer tells this story to _____. [MET92 (75)]

4. The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____. [NMET93 (61)]

5.The writer wrote the story in order to _____. [NMET93 (66)]

6.The text is mainly about _____. [NMET95 (61)]

7. The main purpose of this announcement is to _____. [NMET95 (76)]

8.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? [NMET96 (61)]

9. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about____. NMET96 (66)]

10.This news story is mainly about _____. [NMET97 (51)]

11.The text is mainly about _____. [NMET97 (55)]

12. The text is mainly about _______.[NMET98 (51)]

13. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? [NMET98 (54)]

14. The text is mainly about ______.[NMET98 (57)]

15. What would be the best title for the text? [NMET98 (70)]

16. This article mainly tells about the story of _______. [NMET99 (51)]

主旨概括题

“主旨概括”(1)f

主旨判断题的范围一般包括:短文标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。做这类题目时,要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实、作者所使用的论据,找到各段的主题句,然后进行归纳、总结和概括。但要注意:概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落,绝对不可离题太远、太笼统,或者只概括一段或几句话的意思。

从上述全真试题中,我们可以总结出,对于文章或段落的主旨大意设问的形式一般是:

1. The main idea of the passage (text) is _____.

2. The text (passage) is mainly about _____.

3. What does the passage mainly discuss (deal with)?

4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?

5. The main point of the passage is ______.

6. The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____.

7. Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?

8. What is the topic of the text?

9. The main purpose of the story is to tell us _____.

10. The conclusion we can get from the story is _____.

大家只要记住,看到问题中使用mainly, main,title,headline,topic,conclusion等词时,就得仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。当然,除了上述通用的句型外,还可用其它的形式设问,这就要求我们认真理会题干的意思了。

例如92年的75题“The writer tells this story to _____.”

以及93年的66题“The writer wrote the story in order to _____. ”

也是考查考生对主旨大意的理解

“主旨概括”(2)

技巧训练

文章(或段落)的构成有其内在的规律性,其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下四种结构应首先有所了解,然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。

1. 主题句在篇(段)首的结构

这种结构通常用演绎法撰写,遵循从一般到个别(特殊)的步骤,即先概述,然后用细节加以说明。请看91年的Passage C:

Jane Clark, fair-haired, blue-eyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world. In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge (雪橇) across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world. In bitter(刺骨的) winds and snow-storms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached-38. When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, “I still can't believe it.” She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs. David Wilson, who came second, said, “It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you. But it doesn't hurt for long. She was a good winner.”

Question:

76. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?

A. Woman wins the world's toughest race B. Woman fights bitter winds and snow-storms!

C. Woman wins a sledge race in the world! D. Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic!

你认为正确答案是哪一个呢?

其实这篇文章的首句就是主题句,其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”,或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。。

你选对了吗?

2. 主题句在末尾的结构

尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的,其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据,最后做出概括性的结论,以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般,由特殊性到共性。请看Passage A的最后一段:

On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!

Question:

54. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool.

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble.

这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述,最后一句做了归纳总结:“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。

“主旨概括”(3)f

在上一讲中,我们接触到了主题句在首句和主题句在尾句的结构。那有没有主题句在中间或没有主题句的结构呢?答案是肯定的。在这一讲中,我们就来重点看看这两种结构吧。

1. 主题句在中间的结构

有些主题句既不在句首,也不在句尾,而是处于篇章(或段落)的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫,或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后,仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。

这类结构包括三个层次:引题--主题思想--解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看,也可分为三部曲:归纳--结论--演绎,即给出一两个例证之后,做出概括性的总结,然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例:

When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet(子弹)is shot straight up, it will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down.

本段文字中用斜体显示的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。

2. 没有主题句的结构

没有主题句的篇章(或段落),并不是没有主题思想,它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的,而是在文中含蓄地存在着,需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程,或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。请看92年的Passage A:

Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.

In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted, ‘Bring me the knife' Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.” “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes” Shu said.

Question: The best headline (标题) for this newspaper article is _____.

A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor

文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节,都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。In short, 正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此,提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力,是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点,也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项,这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意

细节理解题

细 节 理 解 (1)(一)

试卷分析

准确地抓住并理解文章或段落的主题思想是十分重要的。但是仅仅粗略地看懂大意,不可能真正理解所有细节。只有准确理解全部细节,才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想。因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的,用辅助论据支撑或阐述主题思想。因此,属于细节类的理解题既可检测阅读者对主旨大意理解的深度,又可测定他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。这类试题考查考生对文中某一细节或重要事实的辨认、理解。因此,考生应该首先阅读短文后面的问题,确定所需查找的细节及事实的范围,然后利用略读手法快速确定文中的出处,并对其进行转换、加工,直至确定最佳答案。

从NMET开始以来,细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的百分之五十以上。例如1990年试题中20道阅读理解题,细节题就占了10题:

1.Annealing can make metal ______.(70)

2. Why do people put hot metal in water? (71)

3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on ____.(72)

4. How did Mr. Cassatt react (反应) when his daughter made her announcement? (74)

5. What in fact was Mr. Cassatt's main reason in opposing his daughter's wish? (75)

6. Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries? (81)

7. For how long was Benin under France? (82)

8. For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic? (83)

9. Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin.(84)

10. When and how did Benin get its two names-Benin and Dahomey? (85)

我们再来看看19的试题中细节题占了多少?

1.Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ____.(53)

2.Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary? (54)

3.From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _____. (52)

4.David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ____.(59)

5.Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days? (60)

6.A man bought himself a ticket of £15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay? (61)

7.The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he ______.(63)

8.People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they're talking to _____. (67)

通过对90年和99年试卷的对比分析,可以看出越来越重视对考生综合理解能力的考查。卷面已逐渐增加了对主旨大意,作者的意图,观点,心理等深层次理解题的分量。即使是细节题,也不象90年试题那样容易从原文中找到根据,而是需要考生根据文中的信息,通过自己的归纳总结,能对图表进行辨别,能对发展顺序进行判断,以及能对具体情况进行计算。这就需要考生能真正理解文章内容及主题思想,抱有碰运气或者猜的思想是根本行不通的。

在阅读考核中,查找主要事实或特定细节常见的题型是:

1. Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)?

2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?

3. All of the following are true except...

4. The author (or the passage) states that...

5. According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)...?

当然,针对某一具体的文章,还可以有各种各样,形形色色的设问方式。对于细节题,也可以说对于任何阅读理解题,考生必须根据文章提供的信息进行答题,而不能根据自己的主观判断或者一般常识来答题。切记!切记

细 节 理 解 (2)(一)

细节理解题是最让人捉摸不定,变化万千的题型了。因为针对不同的文章,不同的细枝末节,可以有不同的设问,这就让人觉得它是那么不可捉摸,犹如雾里看花,水中望月。其实,这种题型是阅读考项中最简单的了。我们只要记住一点:万变不离其宗。这种题型无论有什么千变万化,你只要能看懂文章和题干,答案都能在原文中找到明显的线索。下面,我们就来看看,对付这等“千变魔头”有何绝招?

技巧训练

我们读文章,无外乎是对两个方面的理解。一个是浅层理解,或表层理解。另一个是深层理解,或内涵理解。所谓表层理解,指要读懂文章的基本内容,包括主要事实和各个细节。主要事实指文章中对于主题主旨具有典型意义的重要事实,这是文章的基本构架。细节是构成主要事实的局部因素或充实事实的例子,数据等细枝末节。一篇文章一般都包括这些要素。所以阅读理解考核中要求寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找到。但是,要注意的是出题者不会很明白很直接地提问,而是很注意提问的技术性或艺术

性。也就是说,他提问都是要设障碍的,要罩上一层迷雾的,使得你弄不清问题指的是哪一件事,哪一个细节,造成你寻找的困难,这就要求你仔细琢磨了。

归纳起来,提问技巧一般有隐含提问法、真伪证实法、间接提问法三种。这一讲里我们先来看看前两种提问技巧。

1. 隐含提问法

出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等,使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如:

The basketball team never lacked vociferous(大叫大喊的)young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm.

Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show?

A. The young people B. The players C. Some people D. A lot of people

因为the basketball team 和 players;seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语,而“they”又与basketball team有参照关系

2. 真伪证实法

出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实,不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座,而是提出似是而非,或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目,考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断,而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分,找出正确肯定的事实,才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案选择。例如:

One word that sums up(概括)our age better than any other - whether “our age” is “the technological age” of western countries or the “modernizing age” of China - is the word CHANGE. But has change not always been present?

True, but never before at such a breakneck speed. Today it is more than just change. It is unprecedented change. In such a world, reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a world continually being remade.

Question: Which of the following is not true?

A. Western countries and China are being remade.

B. Reading will help understand our age.

C. The present age and future world are continually changing.

D. Reading is the best tool provided by our age.

选择题中,A、B、C项均与文意吻合一致。D项是一个似是而非的选择答案。文中的Reading provides the best tool for us(阅读对我们来说,是最好的工具。)和选项中D. Reading is the best tool provided by our age.(阅读是我们时代提供的最好工具。)意思不符。

细 节 理 解 (3)(一)

我们来见识见识第三种迂回提问法。

间接提问法

这又是一种设障提问技巧。问题不直接提出,而是绕着弯子提出。比如,涉及时间、距离及数据等时,你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案,有时,选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符,只是一个近似数值,(其它选择答案完全不沾边,完全错误),或者,提问者只给你一部分事实,让读者续出相应的事实使某事实更完整正确(这又叫做省略提问法)。

例如: 年第60,61题

Want to save money when travelling by train? Here are some ways.

Day Returns

This ticket can save you up to 45% on the standard fare (车费). You have to travel after the rush hour period Mon.- Fri., but can travel at any time on Sat. or Sun

Big City Savers

These are special low-priced tickets on certain trains. You have to book in advance-at the latest by 16:00 the day before you travel. It's first come, first served.

Weekend Returns

Weekend Returns are available (有售) for most journeys over 60 miles. Go on Fri., Sat. or Sun., and return the same weekend on Sat. or Sun., and save up to 35% on the standard fare.

Monthly Returns

These are available for most journeys over 65 miles. Go any day and return within a month. Monthly returns save you up to 25% on the standard fare.

Family Railcard

For £20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult (成人) and up to 4 children for only £3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date.

60.Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days?

A. Big City Savers B. Monthly Returns C. Weekend Returns D. Day Returns

61.A man bought himself a ticket of £15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay?

A. £44 B. £29 C. £24 D. £15

60解析:要去一个远在80里以外的小镇游玩四天,选项A和D就可排除了。而选项C,我们可从对 Weekend Returns的介绍“Weekend Returns are available for most journeys over 60 miles. Go on Fri., Sat. or Sun., and return the same weekend on Sat. or Sun.”中了解到:虽然其旅程距离超过60里,但必须在同一周末返 回。所以,要游玩4天,最好的选择当然是B了。

61解析:这里题干的意思是“有一个人用family railcard为他自己买了张15英镑的票,并且为他家人买了三张票。问题是:他须付多少钱?”从文章可知“使用family railcard,可以带一个成年人和四个小孩而每个人只需花三英镑(就可买到票)。”所以答案是:15+9=24

猜测词义题

猜 测 词 义 (1)

做阅读理解的三个能力的培养(理解能力和推理判断能力及词汇积累能力)

试卷分析

近几年的NMET的阅读理解考项中总有一些考题要测试考生根据上下文和构词法知识猜出生词词义或旧词具有新意的能力。例如:

1. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “career” in the first paragraph (段)? [NMET92 70]

2. The word “he” in the last sentence refers to ______.[NMET92 80]

3. The word “yielded” in the last sentence means _______. [NMET93 73]

4. The underlined phrase “make out” in the first paragraph means ______. [NMET94 70]

5. The underlined words “geothermal energy” in the third paragraph mean ______. [NMET94 78]

6. The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____. [NMET95 71]

7. The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to _____. [NMET96 59]

8. The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _____. [NMET96 68]

9. The underlined phrase “figure out” in the text means _____. [NMET97 54]

10. The underlined word “one” refers to _____. [NMET97 68]

11. “Act your age” means people should _____. [NMET97 69]

12. The words “Youth Summit” refer to ______. [NMET98 55]

13. When the writer says “Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man”, he means _____. [NMET98 58]

14. What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “I'm on high”? [NMET99 55]

15. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computer towns ____. [NMET99 58]

16.“Professional work” used in the text means _______. [NMET99 69]

由此可见,历届高考对考生推测词义的能力是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容做出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时,做些语法分析,通过词与词的关系,确定其词性;有时根据常识和生活经验或者构词法知识,完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义做出正确的推测。一般说来,这种题型的题干部分总含有mean, refer to的字样。做这种题时,特别要注意的是,对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论,一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。例如95年的71题:

The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____.

A. home B. children C. wife and husband D. wife and children

“family”是我们很熟悉的词了,意为“家庭”,但以这个意思理解family的话,我们就无法选择答案了。但是,如果我们结合上下文“The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.”就很容易看出family其实指的是“children子女”,所以答案应该是B。

因此,考生不仅要知道常用词的意思,更要知道其灵活变化的意思。 在阅读理解测试中,常见的考查这种技能的题型有:

1. The word “...” in line ... most nearly means _____.

2. The word “...” in line ... probably means _____.

3. In line ..., the word “...” refers to _____.

4. In line ..., the word “...” could best be replaced by which of the following?

5. The word “...” as used in line ... in this passage means _____.

6. The word “...” as used in line ... is closest in meaning to ____.

7. In line ..., “...” could properly be replaced by ____.

8. By “...”, the author means _____.

猜 测 词 义 (2)

猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要,就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。

就象我们在看中文的文章时,并不是一碰到生词就去查字典,而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时,也应养成这样的习惯和能力。

技巧训练

要想提高猜测词义的能力,我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。

1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义

在be,be called,call等判断词出现的判断句中,可根据已知部分,猜测生词的含义。例如:

1)A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.

2)A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗?mosquito是“蚊子”,carpenter是“木匠”。

怎么样?不难吧?

有时,我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如:

His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 不难猜出,zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。

当看到文中的破折号“-”时,我们也应该留点神,因为它也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如: Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers-those who can understand as well as speak many languages. 这里,Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。

你猜出来了吗?

2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如:

1)Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

grubby是什么意思呢?和clean相对,便是“肮脏的”了。

2)John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things;his wife, however, is very thrifty.

和wastes a lot of money相对比,thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。

3. 通过因果关系猜测词义

because,since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词,so...that与such...that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分,就能猜出生词的词义。例如:

1) She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

根据后边的原因,我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right? Ok, it's your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。

2) The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

根据that引导的结果状语从句,可以猜出,turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗?

4. 根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识,根据上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。

下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗?

1) Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.

2)Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们: wings是“翅膀”;beaks是“喙”;claws是“爪子”;wither表示“枯萎”。

5. 根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如:

1) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.

2) Are people born intelligent or stupid?

你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗?

从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy,可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid “愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。

6. 根据列举的事例猜测词义

如:You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊,杂志”的意思。

7. 根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识,知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。

如: The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.

根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget,我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。

推理分析题

推 理 分 析(一)

推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题目时,要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。应注意:当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时,不是在问你作为中国学生的想法,而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。

除了靠平时多训练自己这方面的能力外,还可以多看看有关这方面技巧介绍的文章。下面,我们一起来看看有些什么技巧吧。

技巧训练

要进行正确的推理,首先应对文章的写作特点或推理特点有所了解。推理是揭示事态的原因或结果,这类文章通常是以三种方式展开的。

第一种是从结果到原因,重点在原因。其推理方式往往是首先提出一个问题或叙述一个事实,然后给予答案或说明原因。

第二种推理方式是从原因到结果,重点在结果。其推理方式是首先在导言中提出问题,然后指出或列举这个问题可能引起或已经引起的后果。

第三种推理方式是因果连锁反应,即前一个矛盾统一体中的结果又连为后一个矛盾统一体中的原因。掌握文章的推理方式,在进行推理时是大有帮助的。

其次是要看清题意和题型要求,还要在阅读时注意收集各种线索,捕捉与之有关的信息。

另外,在选择答案时,因其大同小异,模棱两可,应根据题意要求,选择最切合原文内容的一个。但往往很多文章并不严格依照这三种模式来展开,所以,做题时就得靠考生保持清醒的头脑,从文章给出的事实和逻辑两个方面去判断推理了。当考生遇到问及作者的态度,观点的考题时,首先要通读全文,对文章的写作风格有所了解,尤其要仔细领会文章的主题思想,因为它通常能规定作者的写作笔调。

其次,要注意作者在描述事物,表达观点时遣词造句的方式。因为在表达个人看法时,作者往往用一些带有个人感情色彩或褒贬分明的词汇,阅读时对这些方面多加注意就能作出正确的判断。

下面,我们一起来看看1995NMET阅读理解项的文章B,试试自己能否选出正确答案。

Frank Smithson woke up and leaned over to turn off the alarm clock. “Oh no!” he thought to himself. “Another day at that office; a boss who shouts at me all the time.”

As Frank went downstairs his eyes fell on a large brown envelope by the door. He was overjoyed when he opened it and read the letter inside. “Big woods Football Pools(足球赌博公司)would like to congratulate you. You have won half a million pounds.”

Frank suddenly came to life. The cigarette(香烟)fell from his lips as he let out a shout that could be heard halfway down the street. At 11:30 Frank arrived at work. “Please explain why you're so late,” his boss said. “Go and jump in the lake,” replied Frank. “I've just come into a little money so this is good-bye. Find yourself someone else to shout at.”

That evening Frank was smoking a very expensive Havana cigar(雪茄) when a knock was heard on the door. He rushed to the door. Outside were two men, neatly dressed in gray suits. “Mr. Smithson,” one of them said,“we're from Bigwoods Pools. I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake…”

65.When he heard the knock at the door, Frank probably thought _____.

A. someone had come to make an apologyB. someone had come to give him the money

C. his friends had come to ask about the football pools D. his friends had come to congratulate him on his luck

66.On hearing “…there's been a terrible mistake…” Frank was most likely to be _____.

A. disappointed B. worriedC. nervous D. curious

以上两小题答案均没有直接表达在短文里,但根据二、三、四自然段中对Frank的行为活动的描写可以推断出,Frank那天晚上急于等待有人把half a million pounds送到家中,所以65题正确答案是B。但是当他冲到门口打开门时听到的却是“...I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake...", 由此可以想象Frank的心情是何等的失望,因此66题正确答案应该是A。

从上面例题我们可以看出,推断的内容在文章中虽没有明确的叙述,但却暗含在文字之中。因此在进行推断时,必须要靠有关的文字部分作为推理的前提和依据,千万不能想当然。

在判断推理题目时,学生有时会发现所给的四个选项中,有不止一个选项可以作为答案项,学生一旦发现有一个看似正确的选项,就立即把它作为正确答案的备选项,这是不明智的,正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有更完备的答案。如果有别的备选答案的话,就要根据作者的意图,选择比较,去伪存真,做出深层理解和全面分析,进行合理的推理和判断,选出切合文章的最佳答案。

推理型问题主要包括以下几大类:对作者语气、态度、倾向、风格的推理,对作者意图、主题思想的推理,对数字的推断,对文中细节的推断等。

1)推断作者的态度、语气、风格、倾向

在一些文章里,作者的语气和态度往往并不能直接在文章中读到,而是通过一些描写反映了作者的某种态度或倾向。通过全文的阅读,有时可以从文章中领悟作者的观点;通过对作者使用的词汇(多为形容词和副词)的分析,可以推断出作者的态度和感情,例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对,是批评还是客观陈述。

2)推断作者的意图或主题思想

利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法可以先确定短文的主题和大意,然后分析句子之间的关系,在全面理解原文的基础上,推测出作者的写作意图和目的。

3)推断文中的数字

先在短文中找出题目中所涉及的数字和文字,然后根据题目要求对各数字进行推算。应注意,有的题目只要求找出相关的数字,有些题目则要做简单的计算。

4)推断文中细节

文中经常会为了说明一个主题或者观点,而做出一系列论述或解释,采用的方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时,应首先仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围,然后按题意进行推断。

例如下文:

The early settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and in Virginia were drawn largely from the rural areas of England. Few actual paupers and few of the really rich were among them. Nevertheless, exclusively members of what today would be described as the rural middle -class did not people the colonists. Many settlers were so poor that they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom for a given number of years; poverty forced others to leave their native lands for the New World against their will.

Question: It can be inferred from the passage that some settlers were able to pay for travel to the New World by ______________.

A) disguising themselves as wealthy merchants

B) falsifying their ancestor's wills

C) drawing and selling portraits of upper-class Europeans

D) working for other people for several years

对于该问题,文章有提示,即文章的最后一个句子。我们可以从该句子中they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom for a given number of years所包含的信息,推断出“这些人为了过大西洋需要去挣钱,其方式就是为别人打工,出售自己的自由”。故选D是正确的

推 理 分 析(二)

前面我们了解了推理分析题型的常见考查点,你还有印象吗?

对,一是对整篇文章的逻辑推理分析,二是对作者的写作意图和态度的判断。除了这两点以外,另外一些技能也会成为考查点。

一、对文章的体裁和来源作出判断

考试大纲就明文规定:体裁避免单一化,包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。而文章的来源指的是该文的出处,是选自小说,报刊杂志,还是科技论文,书评等,这就得靠考生自己作出判断了。通常这类问题的提问方式有以下几种:

1. This selection(节选) might be some parts of a book concerned with...

2. This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with...

3. Where did this passage most probably appear?

4. These extracts(摘录) are probably taken from...

二、技巧训练

那么如何判断文章的体裁和来源呢?

判断体裁应根据其写作特点和叙述的内容,故事、评论、阐述对话各有其特点,是不难区分的。判断其来源要留心所选的部分是哪一类的,涉及哪方面的内容。一篇故事是不可能取材于科学杂志,新闻报道也不可能刊载在书评内。因此,判断文章来源应将文章的形式及内容特点加以综合考虑才能下结论。例如:

More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured(受伤) each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt(安全带) saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.

Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility(责任) to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing(倒退) your vehicle or you are making a local delivery(发送) or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances(情形) apply to youbefore you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.

Question: This text is taken from _____.

A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement(广告) D. a government information booklet(小册子)

这篇文章由不系安全带造成的危害引出不系安全带会处以什么样的惩罚,以及哪些情况下可以不系安全带。很显然,文章应该是从警方的报告中节选下来的,答案是B。

推 理 分 析(三)

考查推理分析能力的题型,还经常会让你对所阅读的文章的前后内容作出判断和预测。

一、对前后的内容作出判断与预测

这是要求你对该选段前面未取部分或其后将要谈及的内容,作出判断与预测。通常提问的方式有:

1. The paragraph preceding(先于...) this one most probably discusses ...

2. The paragraph preceding this extract probably deal with...

3. What does the paragraph following the passage most likely discuss?

4. What do you think the author will discuss in the next part?

5. The author intend to explain next ...

6. According to the passage you've read, the writer will probably suggest next ...

二、技巧训练

那么,如何判断和预测前后的内容呢?

由于所选文章的前后内容都未出现,且该部分是孤立的一段或几段,因此要准确作出判断,并非易事。这就要求我们在看文章时,要带着问题去阅读。

首先,我们对所读的选段要有一个全局的概念,弄清它所涉及的全部内容,哪些可能已谈过,哪些还没谈,而我们正在阅读的摘选部分就是你作出分析的参照物了。

其次,我们要从文章的语篇结构上去分析。一篇文章通常由导言、正文和结束语构成。导言一般要概述全篇内容,它规定了文章的主线或中心内容。借助导言,我们能紧紧把握作者的思路,从而有利于对文章的理解。正文是文章的主体,也是最常选摘的部分。正文的各段内容都由导言确定,也就是说,正文不论述导言中未提及的观点和内容。结束语是文章的收尾部分,尤其是正式论文往往通过它而使全篇得到提纲

挈领的概括并从中得出结论。 因此,通过对文章的篇章结构的分析,就可判断已谈了什么或将要谈什么。

下面,我们一起来看一篇短文,试试你能否正确作出判断,OK?

Garson McCullers had the brilliant and early success that has come to be almost a tradition of the southern school. She was born in Columbus, Georgia, in 1917 of a family that was poorly off(贫困的), but which sympathized with her early passion(激情) for music and writing. She started writing plays in her early teens under the influence of Eugene O'Neill. At seventeen she went to New York to study music at Julliard with the idea of becoming a concert pianist, but she lost her tuition(学费) money in the subway and thereafter supported herself in a variety of jobs, from guarding the door for a book publisher to playing the piano for others, from music to literature(文学), at nineteen she sold two stories to Story magazine. Then she went back to the South to marry Reeves McCullers (he died in 1953) and lived for two years at Fort Bragg where he was stationed. It was in this period that she wrote The Heart is a lonely Hunter (1940), whose publication made her immediately (立即)famous. It is extraordinary enough for a first novel, but is prodigious(巨大的) for an author of twenty-two. Mrs. McCullers, understandably, had not yet learned the tight control of her art that was to make hernext book so memorable, but The Heart is a lonely Hunter embraces all the themes that she was later to deal with more particularly.

Question: With what topic does the paragraph following the passage most likely deal?

A. The major themes in Carson McCullers' work. B. Carson McCullers' musical compositions.

C. How Reeves McCullers affected his wife's work. D. Carson McCuller's contributions to Story magazine.

你决定选哪一个了吗?

我们先来分析分析这篇文章。文章前半部分主要讲的是Carson McCullers的早年经历和使她一举成名的书。原文最后一句话指出那本书容纳了她后来刻意论述的主题。但主题是什么,这里没有提到。这也是文章后半部分要谈的内容。到现在,你应该知道答案了吧。对,就是A。

第三部分:复习策略

1. 坚持每天做至少两篇阅读并在规定的时间内完成(考生在平时练习时应把握好测试时间,最好按略高于考试要求的速度即70wpm进行练习)。(阅读不同题材和体裁的文章,广告,通知,告示…)

2. 要求针对不同的阅读材料使用不同的阅读方法来解决阅读中的问题。

高考阅读文章选材要求:

1)阅读材料的主题要明确,话题要新,要有时代感,

2)语言应地道,条理清晰,结构紧凑,在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上要有较大的复杂性。

3)材料长短适宜。平均每篇短文300词左右,但每篇文章要有足够的信息量

4)语言难易要适度。材料中的生词量应控制在1%以内(由构词法形成的词不计为生词),避免短文中出现太多的汉语释义。每篇注释的词控制在3个以内。

5)材料应具有真实性,原汁原味,选材新颖,避免选用广为流传和人所共知的材料,可涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济和生活等。

6)体裁应多样化,应有叙述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。每套试题最好有一篇考查特定信息能力的广告、公告类材料,也可选用科普、新闻等体裁。

总之,今年高考阅读理解测试的内容和形式将朝着纵深方向发展,命题的难度也将逐渐加大, 篇幅加长。阅读理解是英语学习的关键。我们除了要具备丰富的词汇、固定短语以及实际应用它们的能力、熟练的语法知识及其综合应用的能力外,平时一定要多做阅读练习。阅读题材要广泛,如人物传记、新闻广告、英文报刊杂志、社会文化背景、科普知识等。阅读的体裁也要广泛,如说明文、议论文、叙述文、应用文等,同时也要注意阅读速度。在此基础上,掌握科学的解题思路与分析方法,即阅读技巧,必将提高阅读水平,加快解题速度,从而为获得优异的成绩打下良好的基础。

篇5:高三英语冲刺复习计划

高三英语冲刺复习计划

一、指导思想

通过系统扎实的`第一轮复习,帮助学生梳理知识、夯实基础。抓住中等生,促进学困生,进一步提高优等生。二轮侧重培养应试技能,三轮综合以查漏补缺。力争在高考中取得满意的成绩。

二、教材处理

重点放在高一、高二教材的疏通与巩固上。要求学生在复习相关单元知识之前必须熟读教材。教师必须把好检查验收关,确保中等生以上能够准确、流利地读熟教材中的阅读材料,以熟读促进单词的掌握和语感的增加。

高三教材以阅读为主,以高考要求为标准进行取舍与重组,以进一步增强能力水平和应试技巧。

三、复习资料

一轮复习以《创新设计---高考总复习》(英语)为复习材料,适当删补,每两个单元5~6个课时;其配套的《综合能力检测》作为学生作业,要求批改和讲评。

四、进度安排

高一、高二教材的复习在11月底完成;高三教材的教学工作在明年3月底前结束。4月进入二轮复习,5月中旬开始模拟综合。

篇6:高三英语冲刺复习计划

1、识记词汇,扫除拦路虎。

在高考复习后期,词汇量不达标,往往是遏制成绩更上一层楼的瓶颈。建议高三学生拉网式地浏览一下高考词汇表,标记出自己不认识的词汇,集中精力和时间去攻克,一天识记150个单词,反复循环,核心词汇需要掌握音、形、义,而一般词汇只要混个面熟即可。另外,大批量词汇的识记一定要结合阅读才能更加有效,否则遗忘率高。

2、规范答题,不做小马虎。

养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

3、回归书本,学会炒冷饭。

冲刺阶段还是应回归书本,把书中的知识点进行归纳梳理,整合成知识网络,进一步巩固提高。还要分类梳理题型,对于自己不擅长的题型或弱点题型进行重点突破,做到熟练掌握。这里的书本还应包括以前做过的试卷、错题集、作文簿和课堂笔记等,这些都是学生自己在高中三年英语学习中做积累的第一手珍贵资料,具有很强的针对针对性。

4、听力训练,练成千里耳。

今年高考英语听力语速要加快。考生应该对于这一部分多加练习,最好是天天进行一次听力训练。听力的提高没有捷径,需要学生下苦功夫。在平时的听力训练中建议做到:注意力集中,要边听边思考,要培养速记能力,及时将一些有效信息记录下来或在题目上进行标注,遇到一些听不懂的对话或文章可以翻看一下原文,然后反复听,直到听懂为止。

5、限时阅读,铸就金刚罩。

完形填空、阅读理解和任务型阅读是许多学生的软肋。从广义上讲,这三类题型都涉及到语篇,要求学生对篇章的主要内容和结构有着充分的理解。高考时,考生要答完这三类题型,就必须认真阅读6篇文章,有时候出错多,不一定是理解的问题,而是有的同学缺少定力,读上两三篇就心烦气躁,在这种心态下做题质量可想而知。现在进行阅读训练时,一定要限时定量。

6、灵活表达,会啃硬骨头。

严格来说,英语书面表达还算不上作文,绝大多数学生习惯于先用中文构思,然后翻译成文,最后再稍加润饰。因此,学生在碰到表达难点时,要学会灵活迂回战术,使用同义词、反义词、定语从句等自己所熟悉的表达形式,来打好书面表达的擦边球。在表达中,切忌硬碰硬,生搬硬套,逐词翻译,弄出令阅卷老师啼笑皆非的中国式英语来。

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高三英语冲刺讲座3
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