美国文学选读期末试卷（共8篇）由网友“MoZmaqORrIko”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家整理后的美国文学选读期末试卷，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
篇1：美国文学选读期末试卷
Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.
(10 points in all, 2 point for each)
Group 1
Column A Column B
( )1. Benjamin Franklin a. Moby Dick
( )2.Edgar Allan Poe b. The Cast of Amontillado
( )3. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. The Scarlet letter
( )4. Nathaniel Hawthorne d. Self-Reliance
( )5. Herman Melville e. The Autobiography
Part ⅠⅠ: Gap filling (10 points in all, 1 point for each).
1.
2.
3.
4. ?The Old Man and the Sea? is written by _______ . Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name ______ _______ . ?the remains of my relations? means __________________ in Chinese. ?I must not only punish but punish with impunity? means ___________________________in Chinese.
5. _________ is regarded as the first person to write the detective novel in the west.
6. Ralph Waldo Emerson is the supporter of _________.
7. Herman Melville is the famous _________and poet of America.
8. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled _________ by Emerson.
9. The historical novel ?Scarlet Letter? describes the17th century?s life style of the___________________________ in North America.
10. In Herman Melville?s Moby Dick?, as the opposite of the human being, the whale stands for __________________.
Part ⅠⅠⅠ: Reading Comprehension (40 points in all, 2 points for each).
A
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格) of directions every time 1 ask “How can I get to the post office?”
Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑) in Japan because most streets there don?t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it?s
about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don?t know. It?s true that a person doesn?t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, ?Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don?t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don?t know” is impolite, they usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
1. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________
A. describe the place carefully
B. show him a map of the place
C. tell him the names of the streets
D. refer to recognizable buildings and places
2. What is the place where people measure distance in time? _________
A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. Kansas. D. Iowa.
3. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________
A. in order to save time B. as a test C. so as to be polite D. for fun
4. What can we infer from the text? _________
A. It?s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B. It?s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C. People have similar understandings of politeness.
D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
B
Heroes of Our Time
A good heart
Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarshipto study medicine ― but Coach John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”
Success and kindness
After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children?s videos in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others ― producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it?s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”
Bravery and courage
A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he?s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”
A. Being a star in the NBA. B. Being a student of medicine.
C. His work in the church. D. His willingness to help the needy.
.
A. helpful to his personal development
B. something he should do for his homeland
C. a chance for his friends to share his money
D. a way of showing his respect to the NBA
A. Produce safety equipment for children.
B. Make videos to help protect children.
C. Sell children?s music and artwork.
D. Look for missing and exploited children.
A. He helped a man get across the rails.
B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.
C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.
D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.
C
Tom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer group.
The lack of right male role models in many of their lives ― at home and particularly in the school environment ― means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
They don?t see men succeeding in society so it doesn?t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture is all powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child?s peers. You have to do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child.
It?s pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. Instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems ― somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children.
A. He disliked his teachers.
B. His parents no longer supported him.
C. It?s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.
D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school.
.
A. Peer groups. B. A special unit. C. The student judges. D. The home environment.
A. Wait for their change patiently. B. Train leaders of their peer groups.
C. Stop the development of street culture. D. Give them lessons in a separate area.
12. A teacher?s work is most effective with a schoolboy when heA. is with the boy alone B. teaches the boy a lesson
C. sends the boy home as punishment D. works together with another teacher
D
Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish?s blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of-1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.
The scientists? next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish?s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules(分子)held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.
.
A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.
B. A special fish living in freezing waters.
C. The ice shelf around Antarctica.
D. Protection of the Antarctic cod.
.
A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88°C.
B. it loves to live in the ice-salt mixture
C. A special protein keeps it from freezing.
D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05°C.
15. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. A type of ice-salt mixture. B. A newly found protein.
C. Fish blood. D. Sugar molecule.
16. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph
A. sugar B. ice C. blood D. molecule
E
If your boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he?d better offer you more money to do
so ― or even double that depending on where you live now. That?s because Moscow has just been found to be the world?s most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.
Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment.
A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is London takes the No. 2 place, up from No. 5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates London is 26 percent more expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive than New York, while No. 5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.
Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two listed in the top 50 of the world?s most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year?s study ― New York came in 15th, down from 10th place, while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.
Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada?s most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.
17. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean? _________
A. an act of stealing B. something delicious
C. something very cheap D. an act of buying
18. London has become the second most expensive city because of _________
A. the high cost of clothing B. the stronger pound against the dollar
C. its expensive transportation D. the high prices of fast food meals
19. Which city is the third most expensive on the list? _________
A. Tokyo. B. Hong Kong. C. Moscow. D. Sydney.
20. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?
A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. San Francisco. D. Toronto.
Part IV: Translation (40 points in all, 20 points for each).
1. When he found I would leave him, he took care to prevent me getting employment in any
other printing house of the town by going round and speaking to every master, who accordingly refused to give me work. I then thought of going to New York as the nearest place where there was a printer; and I was the rather inclined to leave Boston when I reflected that I had already made myself a little obnoxious to the governing party; and from the arbitrary proceeding of the Assembly in my brother?s case, it was likely I might if I stayed soon bring myself into scrapes, and further that my indiscreet disputations about religion began to make me pointed at with horror by good people as an infidel or atheist. I determined on the point, but my father now siding with my brother, I was sensible that if I attempted to go openly means would be used to prevent me.
2. He had a weak point--this Fortunato--although in other regards he was a man to be
篇2：美国文学期末试卷
美国文学选读试题及答案 试题一 I. Multiple Choice (1'×15=15')
1. C______was the first colony in American history. A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey C. Virginia D.Georgia
2. _B_____ was the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. One of his fellow Americans said, “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on this young nation.” A. John Smith B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson D.Thomas Paine
3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. A. common sense B. imagination C. intuition D. individualism
4. The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ A. Philip Freneau B. Edgar Allan Poe C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow D. Emily Dickinson
5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. A. Sunflower B. Armada C. Mayflower D. Titanic
6. Melville's novel __D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. A. Typee B. Omoo C. White Jacket D. Moby Dick
7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. A.Modernism B.Rationalism C.Sentimentalism D.Transcendentalism
8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. A. The Scarlet Letter B. Sister Carrie C. The Great Gatsby D. The Old Man and Sea
9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is第2页not determined economically. A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious
10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism. A. Rationalism B. Romanticism C. Neoclassicism D. Enlightenment
11. __C______ was a poet in American modern period who was deeply influence by eastern culture. A. T. S Eliot B. Robert Frost C. Ezra Pound D. Walt Whitman 12. Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is NOT true?D A. After 1862 she became a total recluse, not leaving her house nor seeing close friends. B. She once felt a deep affection for Charles Wadsworth, a married aged minister, but it proved to be a frustrated love affair for Dickinson. C. She wrote about death, immortality, nature, success and failure. D. During her lifetime, all her poems are published.
[美国文学期末试卷]
篇3：英美文学选读
英美文学选读
American Literature
Chapter one : The romantic period
I. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:
1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.
2. Emerson’s transcendentalism:
The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.
3.His toward nature:
Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.
II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:
1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.
2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.
3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and na?ve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch’s Sabbath, they become what they are. Even his closed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.
III. The symbolism of Melville’s Mobby-Dick
1.The voyage to catch the white whale is the one of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of universe.
2. To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that control the universe. As to readers, the whale is a symbol of physical limits, or a symbol of nature. It also can stand for the ultimate mystery of the universe and the wall behind which unknown malicious things are hiding.
IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :
1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass” and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)
2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.
3.He uses the first person pronoun “I” to stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader.
Chapter two : The realistic period
I. The character analysis and social meaning of Huck Finn in Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
Huck is a typical American boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. He appears to be vulgar in language and in manner, but he is honest and decent in essence. His remarkable raft’s journey down on the Mississippi river can be regarded as his process of education and his way to grow up. At first, he stands by slavery, for he clings to the idea that if he lets go the slave, he will be damned to go to hell. And when the “King” sells Jim for money, Huck decides to inform Jim’s master. After he thinks of the past good time when Jim and he are on the raft where Jim shows great care and deep affection for him, he decide to rescue Jim. And Huck still thinks he is wrong while he is doing the right thing.
Huck is the son of nature and a symbol for freedom and earthly pragmatism. Through the eye of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed. Twain contrasts the life on the river and the life on the banks, the innocence and the experience, the nature and the culture, the wilderness and the civilization.
篇4：英美文学选读复习
英美文学选读复习
1．莎士比亚的生平
2．莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯
3．莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义
（1）威尼斯商人
4．莎士比亚的诗歌
（1）叙事诗
（2）十四行诗 18
5．莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义
（1）对社会现实的批判
（2）对人文主义的颂歌
6．莎士比亚的艺术成就
（1）人物塑造
（2）情节结构
（3）语言风格
7．选读
十四行诗 18 的主题、意象
《威尼斯商人》的主题、人物性格、语言特点
《哈姆雷特》的主题、人物性格、语言特点
B约翰?弥尔顿
1．弥尔顿的生平
2．弥尔顿的文学创作
3．《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点
4．选读
史诗《失乐园》故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、作品意义
C亚历山大?蒲伯
1．蒲伯的生平及创作生涯
2．蒲伯的时代观与文学观
3．蒲伯的主要作品介绍
4．蒲伯的语言风格
5．选读 《论批评》第二部分
（1）作品简介
（2）作品体裁、结构、语言风格
D丹尼尔 笛福
1．笛福的生平：个人事业和社会活动
2．笛福的社会观
3．笛福的主要作品介绍
4．笛福的创作特点
5．选读：
《鲁滨逊漂流记》4
故事简介 作者的创作意义：时代精神的.写照
1．华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯
2．华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张
3．华兹华斯的诗歌
（1）抒情诗：《丁灯寺旁》
4．华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义
5．华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就
6．华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响
7．选读：
《我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云》
《作于西敏寺桥上》
《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》
《孤独的割麦女》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等
F珀?比?雪莱
1．雪莱的生平
2．雪莱的诗歌创作主张
3．雪莱的主要作品
抒情诗：《西风颂》 《云雀颂》
诗剧：《解放了的普罗米修斯》
散文：诗辩
4．雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义
5．雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响
6．选读：
《西风颂》：主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色
G约翰?济慈
1．济慈的生平及创作生涯
2．济慈的美学思想
3．济慈的主要诗作
《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》《安底弥翁》《伊莎贝拉》
4．济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义
5．济慈的诗歌对同时代英国文学的影响
6．选读：
《希腊古瓮颂》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等
H简?奥斯汀
1．奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯
2．奥斯汀的小说创作思想
3．奥斯汀的小说
《理智与情感》《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德公园》《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《劝告》
4．奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义
5．奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响
6．选读：
《傲慢与偏见》1 主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等
I查尔斯?狄更斯
1．狄更斯的生平及创作生涯
2．狄更斯作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向
3．狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征
4．狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征
5．狄更斯的创作特色与艺术成就
（1）语言
（2）3种人物的刻画
（3）幽默与哀婉情感的交融
6．狄更斯小说目录
7．选读《雾都孤儿》第3章
故事简介
主题：济贫院
J夏洛特?布朗蒂
1．夏洛特的生平
2．夏洛特的创作思想和主题
3．选读《简?爱》第23章
故事梗概
作品的批判现实主义思想
作品的社会意义
作品女主人公的形象
在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题
K托马斯?哈代
1．哈代的生平与创作
2．哈代的创作倾向：传统观念与现代思想的并存
3．哈代作品中的“宿命观”
4．哈代作品中的批判现实主义思想
5．哈代作品的艺术特色
6．选读
《德伯家的苔丝》19 故事梗概 作品主题
L威廉?勃特勒?叶芝
1．叶芝的生平及文学生涯
2．叶芝的诗歌创作思想
3．叶芝诗歌的代表作品
（1）早期诗歌：
（2）中期诗歌
（3）晚期诗歌
4．叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义
5．叶芝诗歌的艺术成就
6．叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响
7．叶芝的戏剧创作
8．选读：
《茵纳斯弗利岛》《在阔叶柳花园旁边》
M D．T．S．艾略特
1．艾略特的生平几创作生涯
2．艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观点
3．艾略特的主要诗歌作品
（1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》
（2）《荒原》
4．艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义
5．艾略特的戏剧
6．艾略特的艺术成就
7．艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对当代英国的影响
8．《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义
9．选读
《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 N戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯
1．劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯
2．劳伦斯的创作思想
3．劳伦斯的主要小说
（1）《儿子与情人》《虹》《恋爱中的女人》
4．劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义
5．劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧
6．劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响
7．《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义
8．选读
《儿子与情人》人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等
篇5：英美文学选读教案之一
英美文学选读教案之一
这是我这学期上课的教案,自己觉的参考价值不像文学史教案那么高,但是也更新上来吧,对我的学生来说,上课有笔记没记上的也可以参考,我选用的教材是中国对外翻译出版公司出版的`《英美文学选读（增订版）》吴翔林编注。 Lecture 1 William Shakespeare 1. Introduction of the course (1) This course is called Selected Readings in English and American Literature, a compulsory course for you. It will be finished in 12 weeks. And in each week we’ll meet each other two times. (2) In this course, you will have to read some original works taken from English and American classics. It may be a little bit difficult for you. However, it’s also a chance for you to know some great treasury in world literature and I’ll help you understand them. (3)Comparing with the literary history courses, this course mainly focuses on original productions. The course book is a nice one with classical works and detailed notes. (4) For the final test, 10% will be decided by your attendance, 20% by your homework and 70% by the test paper. About the homework, after we finish each writer, I’ll give you a name list of recommended works written by the writer. In the whole semester, you should choose at least one piece of English writer’s works and one piece of American writer’s works recommended by me. And then you should write a small paper on the piece of works you chose. That means you should turn in two papers in the whole semester. (5) A very important suggestion: preview the productions before the class; otherwise it’ll be very difficult for you to catch me in the class. 2. William Shakespeare (1564 C 1616) (1) Historical Background A. Queen Elizabeth I: a powerful England with the fast development of capitalism B. Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another is the humanism, which means the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement. C. Shakespeare lived in such a period and also such a period made him the most famous and most important English writer. (2) Life (Read paragraph 1 and 2 on page 1 after class. These two paragraphs are the introduction of the great writer’s life.) A. His complete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. B. He is mainly famous for his great plays, especially the outstanding “Four Great Tragedies”. (“Hamlet”, “King Lear”, “Othello” and “Macbeth”) He is also the author of some other famous plays, such as “Romeo and Juliet”, but today we’ll learn the excerpt from one of his great comedies C “The Merchant of Venice”, which we’ll talk about a little bit later. C. Shakespeare’s sonnets are also very good. We’ll first introduce Sonnet 18, the most famous sonnet written by Shakespeare. (3) Sonnet 18 A. A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. It was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. (It is a very popular poem form and used widely in English literature. In the Elizabeth era, Edmund Spenser was also famous for his sonnets. And later, John Milton, Byron and Keats all contributed excellent sonnets.) B. Though the sonnet is a fixed form, but the rhyme scheme of the sonnet is not fixed. (few minutes for students to find out this poem’s rhyme scheme.) Answer: abab cdcd efef gg. This is a typical rhyme scheme used by Shakespeare in all his sonnets. C. Explain the poem sentence by sentence. temperate: moderate or mild; rough winds: strong winds; darling: lovely; lease: 租约；complexion: appearance; dim: darken with cloud; brag: boast; D.(discuss) Theme: expressing the deep love to his friend (4) The Merchant of Venice A. Famous comedy written by Shakespeare in his youth B. Setting: Venice, the Middle Age C. Characters: Bassanio, Antonio, Shylock, Portia (let students discuss the characters) Portia: Shakespeare’s ideal woman, beautiful, intelligent, cultured, gracious, independent, a daughter of Renaissance Shylock: most successful character, a Jew, a greedy and merciless usurer and also a victim of racial discrimination and religious persecution (sympathy) D. Plot: Read the introduction from P3 to P4. E. (Discuss)Theme: Mercy wins over malice. F. The selection is the most famous scene of the whole play and also the climax of the play. (Ask students to read it thoroughly after the class.) In the class, we’ll learn a short part taken from the scene. (P10 to P11, the famous statement about mercy made by Portia) G. (the last but not least) form of the play: verse drama written in blank verse mostly blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. Soon after blank verse was introduced by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of Virgil’s works, it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic dramas and some poets, such as John Milton, also employed this form to write their long poems. (5) Recommended Reading Sonnet 29; Sonnet 73; Sonnet 116; Four great tragedies; Romeo and Juliet; A Midsummer Night’s Dream 3. Homework 1. Preview the next chapter about John Milton. 2. Find out the form and rhyme scheme of the poem “To Cyriack Skinner” on P23. 英美文学选读教案之二 Lecture 2 John Milton (1608 C 1674) (Comparing with William Shakespeare, few people read his great productions today. However, he is also a classical writer in English Literature.) 1. Historical Background (Discussion: Any important event happened during Milton’s life time in Britain?) English Bourgeois Revolution The conflicts between King (James I and then Charles I) and the Parliament Profound conflicts: the Old Feudalism and New Capitalism In religion: The Anglican Church and the Puritan The consequence of those contradictions: the Civil War (1642 C 1649) The King was executed in 1649 and monarchy was abolished. Oliver Cromwell’s dictatorship (1649 C 1660) The Restoration: Charles II and then James II Glorious Revolution (1688) 2. Life born in a rich and cultured family C handsome and hardworking C graduated from Cambridge University and got master degree C six years’ private study and the most knowledgeable poet in Britain C writing pamphlets for the Commonwealth C blind in 1652 C arrested and fined after restoration C produced three great poems in plain life Most important works C three great poems: Paradise Lost (1667); Paradise Regained (1671); Samson Agonistes (1671) (poetic drama) Besides three great poems in his late years, he also wrote some excellent sonnets including the one we’ll learn today. 3. To Cyriack Skinner (Ask the questions of homework) (Answer: Sonnet; abba abba cdcdcd) (1) Form: Sonnet (2) Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcdcd (different with William Shakespeare’s sonnets) (3) Explain the poem sentence by sentence (4) (Discussion) Theme: the author’s positive attitude towards his blindness (another sonnet on blindness seems more discouraged.) 4. Paradise Lost (《失乐园》) (1) Milton’s masterpiece; greatest epic written in the English language *epic（史诗）: it is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Notice the differences between traditional epics and literary epics. Paradise Lost is a literary epic. (2) It’s a long epic including 12 books. The plot is taken from the Old Testament of Holy Bible. *Holy Bible对于理解西方文化最重要的经典，分为《旧约》(The Old Testament)和《新约》(The New Testament)两部分，这两部分写于不同的时期，而且使用的文字不同，《旧约》主要用希伯莱语写成，《新约》则用希腊文写成。圣经最早曾被翻译成希腊文，然后是拉丁文，在欧洲各国通行。《圣经》英译始自8世纪，但各种版本都不算通行，直到Martin Luther宗教改革之后，16出现的Authoriz篇6：英美文学选读试卷分析
在自考的全部专业中，英语本科的淘汰率一直高居“榜首”，同时《英美文学选读》又是整个本科专业的瓶颈课程。我们随机抽取了两刀（40本）试卷进行统计，发现该门课程的通过率大致在12%左右，可能是自考全部课程最低的。绝大部分成绩徘徊在40分到58分之间，大约占了44.7%。我们批改到的最高分大约是82分，成绩相当出色！
一、试卷构成
《英美文学选读》全国卷由四部分组成：第一部分是40分的选择题，每题1分，覆盖面十分广泛。从以往几次试卷来看，该部分主要考核英美文学史，也包括少量选读中的内容，多属于常识性知识，例如今年14题要求辨别If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?的作者；11题要求辨别It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure done with caves of ice.的作者和出处；还有每年必定会有一题考核作品中出现的人物，例如20第8题是Sheridan’s The School for Scandal中的人物，今年28题是The Scarlet Letter的人物。由于内容大多属于大纲中的“识记”性知识，不需要多少理解，因此正确率相应比较高。但有时题目的切入点十分灵活比如年第6题，需要考生有较好的基本功。
第二部分是四道共16分的阅读理解。考题内容均取自选读部分，一般是两篇诗歌，两篇小说，要求指出：A）作者和作品出处（1分） B）作品中具体某个词或词组的确切意义（1分） C）表述该选段的思想内容（2分）。考生需要认真研读作品，和作品后面的注释，平时做一些读书笔记。
第三部分是四道共24分的简答题，内容的跨越比较大，既有阅读理解部分的延伸，也有某一时期的文学思潮，还有对某一断代史的简论，答对率非常低。
第四部分是两题共20分的问答题。一般是某个重要作家或作品的特色以及对他们的评价。
二、试卷评析
文学术语（俗称的名词解释）是基本的文学常识，是对文学中共性问题的抽象概括，因此对于这些术语不可等闲视之。尽管全国卷没有单列的文学术语考核（省卷的题型可能不同），但是可能糅合在选择题中和第三部分的简答中。比较重要的名词解释有：所有以-ism结尾的名词，各个时期的文学运动，heroic couplet, Gothic novel, Byronic hero, Lost Generation, dramatic monologue, stream of consciousness, metaphysical poets等等，考生可以自己总结。本套试卷中1），26），37）等题目就从不同侧面考核了对术语的了解；其中第1）题考文学题材romance，对于这个题材我们要了解以下要点：流行于中世纪欧洲各国popular literary form in the medieval period；讲述骑士的英雄经历knightly adventures or other heroic deeds；题材往往是英雄救美的故事Romantic love is an important part of the plot.而形式是叙述性韵文narrative verse or prose（P3）。
第2）题答错的比较少，考生一般总会将Chaucer和The Canterbury Tales联系起来。尽管教材中没有出现中古时期的文学选读，但是这两个时期的文学发展脉络必须十分清晰，该题目早在2001年就出现过。另外的三部作品都是中世纪的重要作品，其中Piers Plowman的作者 William Langland是当时十分具有现实主义的作家；Sir Gawain and the Green Knight是用英国北部方言书写的，压头韵，作者至今是个谜 ； Confessio Amantis（《一个情人的忏悔》）的作者是John Gower。
4）题考核了莎士比亚Sonnet 18的主题思想，该十四行诗着重描写友人的美貌，同时说明诗歌能使人的美丽横古常新，因此我们可以排除A，B和D。由于此首诗歌十分重要，我们需要补充几个注释：1）sometime: 在莎翁时代等于sometimes；2)fair from fair:第一个fair是beautiful thing，第二个fair等于抽象名词beauty；3）最后一行的this指my poetry；life意immortality。
6）也是莎士比亚的作品，有许多人判断错误。本段的内容并没有什么难度，不需要上下文就可以判断，其中第二行的Which相当于Who， 这是莎翁英语和现代英语不同的地方；最后一行的by理解为present。Bass的话只是在做陈述，而 Portia的回答才是关键，可以判断出带有“讽刺”意味。
7）的答案是B，错误的考生比较多，关键是考生没有熟悉这首诗歌。“玄学”派诗歌往往有“声东击西”的特点，正如教材所述：It begins with a certain idea but ends in quite a contrary one（P66）. The Sun Rising一诗分为三个部分，In Stanza 1 the lover addresses the sun directly, as a “busy old fool”, and asks why it bothers to shine in on him and his love, who will not be pressured by its time keeping. In Stanza 2, the poet uses hyperbolic extension to dispose of space and asks the sun to agree his love is better than all treasure. Stanza 3 extends the hyperbolic comparison even further to praise this lady ---“she is all States, and all Princes”.
8)菲尔丁在文学中的地位越来越重要，原因是近年来国内外叙事学研究的进一步深入。Fielding是一个时代的开始，在他之前英国文学的题材主要是按以下方式发展的：古民谣ballad, 传奇文学romance, 叙事诗narrative poem, 散文essay和戏剧 play。一直到了十八世纪，英国才出现“小说”novel这一新的文学题材。对这一题材做出贡献的有教材中的Daniel Defore, Henry Fielding以及Samuel Richardson，因此教材中注明菲尔丁是Father of the English Novel(p.121)；同时比较重要的还有1）菲尔丁四部小说的名称以及大致的内容2）comic epic in prose 3)the third person narration。
9）考核Swift的内容，关于该作家可以提及的有：1）有关“风格”的定义 proper words in proper places 2）作为讽刺名篇的A Modest Proposal 3）Gulliver’s Travels中的四个场景Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island和 Houyhnhnm；这四个场景不需要记忆，只需要识别，2001年试卷的6）题就考到了最后一个场景中的Yahoo。
12）Wordsworth在英国文学史中是一个举足轻重的人物。首先，浪漫主义和古典主义的分水岭就是他的那篇Lyrical Ballads，其次，在18的版本中，他发表了Prelude，阐述自己对诗歌的见解，吹响了浪漫主义的号角manifesto，其中他认为诗歌是the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ,which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity(P161)。教材的179页的最后两段就是他的文学主张，故该题的D是有悖于浪漫主义的。对于Wordsworth的四篇作品我们必须认真研读。浪漫主义诗人对“诗”的不同理解，以及nature和imagination在诗歌中的作用都是该时期的重点。
13）Keats的两首颠峰之作 Ode to a Nightingale和Ode on a Grecian Urn要求考生非常熟悉，尤其是诗歌的主题思想（即下面15题）。济慈挚爱一切自然和美的事物，曾说过：A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.而Beauty is truth, truth beauty.更是他的名chard Sheridan ，错误的原因在于考生只留意试题中的since Shakespear而没有考虑后面出现的social criticism，因为“社会批判”是在十九世纪末开始的，而非谢立丹的十八世纪；C）Oscar Wilde虽然也是十九世纪的剧作家，但是他与“社会批判”还有一定的距离，许多人可能记得他的唯美主义名言art for art’s sake，因此可以排除他。正确的答案在教材的318页。
22）Modernism现代主义是本教材的又一个重点内容，尽管作品通常比较晦涩难懂，但是现代主义的基本特色还是清晰的。首先，它的理论基础是irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis；其次，主题和内容是distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.这就是C的内容；再次，现代派作家侧重描写个人的内心活动和主观世界即concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective 也就是备选项A的内容，其中A中的介词over应理解为“而非、不是”的意思。最后，现代派作品更加注重形式和技巧的革新，反对一切形式的理性主义，和现实主义彻底决裂；它们打破了传统文学中的时空观，强调psychic time；宣扬屏弃一切文学的基本要素例如story, character, plot and chronological narration，因此他们的作品又被成为“反小说”，“反诗歌”等，D）表达了这个意思。只有B是试题要求的答案。
25）题的答案在书的407页，文选部分的上方：Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at once made unforgettable.和A的内容相似。其中C、D可以马上排除，因为教材406页已经说明：We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.有关Irving的内容需要和英国文学中Marlowe的作品一同记忆。前者的两部作品Rip Van Winkle和The Legend of Sleepy Hollow尽管被称为Spanish Sketch Book，但是他的创作灵感来自于German legends，恰好和后者的戏剧Dr. Faustus一样。
28）Nathaniel Hawthorne是近几十年来美国文学研究的热点之一，也是一个较有争议的作家，爱默生曾说他的小说“一无用处”。然而该作家给我们提供了广阔的研究空间，在以后的几次考试中很有可能出成大题。教材中的以下内容要注意：
霍桑特别关注人类的interior of the heart，他把现实社会中的许多问题归结为“人类的罪恶天性”，努力去探索人们心中“恶”便成了他作品的主题，他说There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.而“恶”的一个来源，按他的看法就是自作聪明的知识分子overreaching intellect（2001年试卷35题）；他揭示的手段往往是寓言式的，使用多种象征手法，例如《红字》A就有多种意义，而里面的Pearl就是该书最大的'主题象征。
考生反映说，考题前三个人物Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth教材上没有，属于超纲内容。但是考生只要记住Pearl就可以做出正确的推断。
32）的答案在书500页的页端。对于这个作家我们必须扩展起来。为了教学的方便，美国现实主义文学的三巨头Howells, James 和Twain（见考题30）我们经常相提并论，但是他们之间却有许多不同（见书PP474-475），考生要自己整理成文。尽管其他两位作家时常嘲讽欧洲风情，但H.James却是欧洲古老文明的崇拜和捍卫者an admirer of ancient European civilization，原因是多方面的，一是他的家庭不同于其他作家，他的祖父是美国最富有的人之一，使James具有接受高等教育的可能；他的父亲和欧洲的许多名流交往，特别是他的弟弟威廉更是著名的实用主义哲学家，提出了“意识流”理论，因此James的作品语言晦涩，对读者的要求比较高，正如教材所述He is often highly refined and insightful.二是他经常来往于新、旧两个大陆，所以他的作品主题与其他作家不同：James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America…（见书497页）。还有James同时也是一位批评家，著有The Art of Fiction一书，他对文学批评做出的贡献有：1）forerunner of stream of consciousness 2）founder of psychological realism 3）point of view（请与Fielding的the third person narration结合记忆）。
34）Emily Dickinson和Whitman同是美国诗歌的两座高峰，她的短诗集中体现了对death, nature, immortality, love和religion的思索（见2001年40题），而所有这些都是诗人个人的世界，没有涉及更广阔的范围，因此D)War and peace是不对的。Dickinson的诗歌特点：一、没有标题。二、多破折号(dashes)作为诗歌节奏的手段，多大写字母(capital letters)用于强调。
第一部分的全部答案如下：
1） B 2）D 3）C 4）C 5）D 6）A 7）B 8）B
9） A 10）C 11）D 12）D 13）D 14）D 15）B 16）B
17）D 18）C 19）A 20）A 21）D 22）B 23）B 24）A
25）A 26）C 27）B 28）A 29）C 30）C 31）C 32）D
33）C 34）D 35）D 36）A 37）A 38）A 39）C 40）B
第二部分的答案如下：
41
A. John Galsworthy: The Man of Property
B. A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.
C. It presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife’s coldness. He can never know what is on his wife’s mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband’s possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife’s mind is as good as saying that he really can’t regard her as his property---this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.
42.
A. T.S.Eliot: The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock
B. The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.
C. Here, Prufrock’s inability to do anything against the society he is in it made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison. Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This image vividly shows Prufrock’s current predicament.
43
A. Wahington Irving : Rip Van Winkle
B. The social environment is changed
C. When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years, he finds that everything has
changed. All those old values are gone, and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society. One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change, improvement, and progress could subvert a stable society.
44
A. Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken
B. Many many years later.
C. The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in hislife. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader: “Make good choice of your life.”
以上A，B各1分，C部分2分。
第三部分
45 A. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and Spenser’s The Faerie Queene
B. It is usually concerned with moral, religious, political, symbolic or mythical ideas.
说明：仅A点全对的就很少。不过有些考生答了Moby Dick, Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown，Gulliver’s Travels都是正确的，但是Paradise Lost不属于寓言。判断寓言其中第一个标准看它是否有两层意义：An allegory refers to a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning. In written form, allegory involves a continuous parallel between two levels of meaning.后一部分只要谈到moral, religious, political就可以了。
46A. The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe.
B. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the
freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.
说明：本题考核的内容明显超纲了，只有一位考生几乎全对，三位考生大致正确。教材中只提到了卢梭，而没有歌德的内容，从世界文学的范围来看，提到浪漫主义，首先想到卢梭（1712-1778），在他的作品《新爱洛漪丝》中，对自然、情感和自我的颂扬，以及宣扬的感情至上，都为19世纪的浪漫主义作家所继承，因此是浪漫主义的先驱。紧接着德国的狂飙突进运动The Storm and Stress Movement为整个欧洲的浪漫主义开辟了道路，在这个运动中起重要作用的是Goethe(1749-1832)和Schiller(1759-1805)，而前者的作品就是著名的《少年维特之烦恼》。绝大部分考生都写了Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron等，这些都是leading writers而不是great shapers of thought。
以上两题A点2分，B点4分。
47
A. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.
B. To Ishmael, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.
C. As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God’s vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object of profound curiosity for the reader.
说明：一般来将考生只要按三点分别讲述就可以了，不必像答案这么全面。但是许多同学只谈了一个方面，是不够的。
48
A. The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.
B. According to Emerson, it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.
C. He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.
说明：以上两题每点3分，最高不超过6分。
第四部分：49题
A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.
B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “ spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were(Wordsworth’s “ I Wandered as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,” or Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.
C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind(emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)
50题
A. Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850
Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it: One is an ignorant, uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.
The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as much as he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.
During their journey,they experience a series of adventures: coming across two frauds, the “Duke” and the “King”, witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom’s coming to rescue.
B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft’s journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.
以上A、B各5分。需要注意的是答案仅是参考，考生无须完全按照答案要求，只要能够有理有据，自圆其说就可以有高分。
三、学习方法
经过我们的教学观察，《英美文学选读》学习过程中暴露出来的问题有：
1） 教材不便于自学。许多考生反映，如果没有经验十分丰富的教师指导，自学只能停留在教材的前30-40页，无法继续下去。书中的古代诗歌占了相当的比重，然而古诗词的注解太少，考生对中古英语的句法和诗歌的基本特征不了解（例如41题涉及“格”和“音步”问题），相当的词汇在一般词
典上查不到，学生看不懂，甚至部分教师也不明白，例如The Faerie Queene中 Upon a great adventure he was bond(P16)中bond的意思不明确； Enforst to seeke some covert nigh at hand（P18）enforst字典上查不到。其实在当时的英语中前者相当于bound，后者是 enforced的变体。莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》有一句Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew/ Thou mak’st thy knife keen.(年19题)，为什么答案说是双关的修辞手法？书上却没有答案！关键在于sole和soul谐音，前者是指在“鞋底”，后者说是在“心头”磨刀，暗指心比石头还坚硬。所有这些都对自考学生带来了许多阻碍，尤其是偏远地区的考生，他们一无参考资料，二无教师请教，苦难相当大。
但是另一方面，考生的学习指导思想还停留在大专的方式上，希望教材能提供一切，这是十分错误的。本科段的大纲要求我们在这个阶段要培养：具有从事科学研究的初步能力。也就是说我们要善于自己发现问题和解决问题。我们要学会充分使用图书馆和各种工具书，我们列举一些参考书供大家选择：
1）陈嘉 《英国文学史》四册 商务印书馆
2） 陈嘉 《英国文学作品选读》三册 商务印书馆
3） 杨岂深 《英国文学选读》三册 上海译文出版社
4） 杨岂深 《美国文学选读》三册 上海译文出版社
5） 裘克安 《莎士比亚注释丛书》 商务印书馆
6） 王佐良 《英国文学名篇选注》 商务印书馆
7） 王佐良 《英国诗选》 上海译文出版社
8） 辜正坤 《英文名篇鉴赏金库诗歌卷》 天津人民出版社
9） 刘炳善 〈〈简明英国文学史〉〉 河南人民出版社
二、学校、考生的课程安排不科学。一些社会助学单位由于不了解英语专业的特点，往往在课程的安排上简单地从开考计划出发，安排课程设置，例如在四月份的课程刚结束，就进入《英美文学选读》的学习，希望在当年的十月份进行考试，学习的时间仅仅只有五个多月；还有相当的考生是从其他专业转报的，英语的基本功薄弱，他们从本科的第一学期就开始学该门课程，固守着专科的学习方式来看待本科的课程学习，同样是非常错误的。
《英美文学选读》属于高年级课程。在全日制高校中，一般是三、四年级的两年
时间里学完。对于自考生来将，我们建议大家先学《高级英语》，《英语词汇学》和《英语语法》，同时穿插其他的课程，例如《翻译》、《写作》和《英美文学选读》，但是考试最好安排在稍后的时间，目的是让考生先流利地掌握一些语言点，这些内容和基本功对文学的欣赏会起一定的促进作用。
三、学习方法过于僵化。从第一部分的试卷构成可以看出，复习的时候绝对不能搞什么单??的基础上再研读重点作家的作品。文学史的部分和选读的部分同等重要，不可偏废；考生可以先从“史”出发，以点带面，将作家串联起来。当教材进入“浪漫主义时期”之后，英国文学可以美国文学齐头并进，要求同学进行横向比较，例如要求同学自己整理英国浪漫主义和美国浪漫主义的“异”与“同”，美国现代主义和英国现代主义的联系。如此一来，学生产生了兴趣，也牢固记忆了各时期的作家。培养在熟读的基础上打破时间的界限，进行横向和纵向的对比的能力，学会自己进行罗列和总结。每一个时期的文学导言十分重要，也是考核的重点。
篇7：美国文学读后感
美国文学读后感
――《向美国学教育》读后感
文/孙玮
《向美国学教育》这本书，万玮老师将我带进的是熟悉而陌生的美国教育。说熟悉是因为美国的“模范教师”――当然他们称呼为年度教师或者国家英雄，在最近几年艾斯奎斯《第56号教室的奇迹》，罗恩克拉克老师的《优秀是教出来的》，以及由李茂老师翻译的《每个孩子都爱学》，从教师层面介绍了美国英雄教师们的工作状态，尤其是艾斯奎斯连续几次来中国与一线教师面对面交流，道出了许多真实的教育处境。说陌生是指对于美国教育中的具体问题，只能隔靴搔痒，浅尝辄止，没法有更系统深入的了解。万玮老师的这次美国之行中所做的记录和思考无疑对帮助我感受美国教育文化的独特魅力，辨析中美教育的差异，有着重要意义。
阅读伊始就对万玮老师生活化的文笔打动，摒弃空洞枯燥的理论说教，用亲身经历来讲述，娓娓道来，如沐春风。在文字中可以感觉到万老师置身其中的那种在场感，不仅仅是观察者，更是参与者，美国教育文化中的点滴被万老师捕捉到，提炼出来，蕴含在讲述中――一个讲故事的人，教育的哲理朴素，而芬芳。作为一名教师，要学会用生活化的讲述来阐释自己的观点，也就是要会讲故事，讲自己的教育故事，也讲自己听到或者感受到的教育道理。可以明显感觉到较之《班主任兵法》中的诙谐幽默、斗智斗勇，《向美国学教育》中作者的心境更沉潜稳重，颇具诗意行走和思考的意蕴。
在记录中万玮老师大量采用对比的方式来进行思考。用他的话说：“对比不是目的，对比只是一种方式――生活方式、思维方式，对比让我们感觉到宇宙的辽阔，感知到自己的位置，让我们思考，我们应该去何方。”在认识了阿米什人之后，他想到了云南贵州我们少数民族的青年的情况，感叹文化需要坚守。阿米什人总数大概25万左右，主要生活在美国宾州境内和加拿大，被包围在高度现代化的社会丛林中，竟然以一种100多年以前的原始生活方式生活。如果孩子外出上学接受了现代化的东西，他就要与种族隔绝，目的只是为了保持他们这个种族的纯洁本性不被现代社会污染。而现在我们的一些少数民族，正在面临着被文化科技的改变，最原始的民族风貌开始发生变化。这是文化的一种消亡。在倡导开放自主的社会中，还可以允许要阿米什人族群的存在，意味着文化要回归对人本身的尊重。对比的方式，可以帮助我们更清晰地来判断教育中的价值取向。
在书中，美国人对中国教育的见解令人耳目一新。我们知道美国的数学教育是相对很容易的，中国的任何一位老师如果语言过关，()都可以到美国做小学数学教师。美国的格雷格老师一语道破：理科的东西答案通常很明确，因此受到大力鼓励；文科方面，因为涉及很多思想方面的东西，如果一个社会不够开放的话，必然要加以控制。这确实是一个关于文理科的有意思的课题，在很久之前我们就在喊：学会数理化，走遍天下都不怕。这或许是为了国内经济建设的需要，需要有大批的建设者，需要有数理化方面的人才。而文科过于倾向于思想的自由化，关注人文，关注人的生存现状，对于整个社会的架构和发展都会有有所洞察。在教育的今天，我们所要关注的绝不仅仅是数理化，还有孩子作为人的发展元素。中国有句话：先做人再做事。我们教育要让孩子成人，成站起来的人，真正的人，而不能培养一批数理化的“精英利己主义者”。
万玮老师在书中对中美教育及文化的差异，以及从高中到大学的课程管理、教学方式、评价体系等都有较为详实的记录，这些思考涉及教育的各个方面，甚至有社会学的相关内容。作为一个教育思想者，万老师的行走始终坚定有力，他在美国的日子里所记录的令人感佩，而其中洋溢着的学者风范更是让我肃然起敬。走一路，学一路，思一路，行一路。对照中美教育，从中汲取积极的价值取向，借鉴一些具体的行为措施，创新一些因地制宜地做法，让自己在相对开阔的教育视野中来品鉴践行我们的教育。
感谢万玮老师。
篇8：英美文学选读教案以及复习要点
英美文学选读教案以及复习要点
英美文学选读教案以及复习要点 专业八级资料 Lecture 1 William Shakespeare 1. Introduction of the course (1) This course is called Selected Readings in English and American Literature, a compulsory course for you. It will be finished in 12 weeks. And in each week well meet each other two times. (2) In this course, you will have to read some original works taken from English and American classics. It may be a little bit difficult for you. However, its also a chance for you to know some great treasury in world literature and Ill help you understand them. (3)Comparing with the literary history courses, this course mainly focuses on original productions. The course book is a nice one with classical works and detailed notes. (4) For the final test, 10% will be decided by your attendance, 20% by your homework and 70% by the test paper. About the homework, after we finish each writer, Ill give you a name list of recommended works written by the writer. In the whole semester, you should choose at least one piece of English writers works and one piece of American writers works recommended by me. And then you should write a small paper on the piece of works you chose. That means you should turn in two papers in the whole semester. (5) A very important suggestion: preview the productions before the class; otherwise itll be very difficult for you to catch me in the class. 2. William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) (1) Historical Background A. Queen Elizabeth I: a powerful England with the fast development of capitalism B. Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another is the humanism, which means the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement. C. Shakespeare lived in such a period and also such a period made him the most famous and most important English writer. (2) Life (Read paragraph 1 and 2 on page 1 after class. These two paragraphs are the introduction of the great writers life.) A. His complete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. B. He is mainly famous for his great plays, especially the outstanding Four Great Tragedies. (Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth) He is also the author of some other famous plays, such as Romeo and Juliet, but today well learn the excerpt from one of his great comedies - The Merchant of Venice, which well talk about a little bit later. C. Shakespeares sonnets are also very good. Well first introduce Sonnet 18, the most famous sonnet written by Shakespeare. (3) Sonnet 18 A. A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. It was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. (It is a very popular poem form and used widely in English literature. In the Elizabeth era, Edmund Spenser was also famous for his sonnets. And later, John Milton, Byron and Keats all contributed excellent sonnets.) B. Though the sonnet is a fixed form, but the rhyme scheme of the sonnet is not fixed. (few minutes for students to find out this poems rhyme scheme.) Answer: abab cdcd efef gg. This is a typical rhyme scheme used by Shakespeare in all his sonnets. C. Explain the poem sentence by sentence. temperate: moderate or mild; rough winds: strong winds; darling: lovely; lease: 租约;complexion: appearance; dim: darken with cloud; brag: boast; D.(discuss) Theme: expressing the deep love to his friend (4) The Merchant of Venice A. Famous comedy written by Shakespeare in his youth B. Setting: Venice, the Middle Age C. Characters: Bassanio, Antonio, Shylock, Portia (let students discuss the characters) Portia: Shakespeares ideal woman, beautiful, intelligent, cultured, gracious, independent, a daughter of Renaissance Shylock: most successful character, a Jew, a greedy and merciless usurer and also a victim of racial discrimination and religious persecution (sympathy) D. Plot: Read the introduction from P3 to P4. E. (Discuss)Theme: Mercy wins over malice. F. The selection is the most famous scene of the whole play and also the climax of the play. (Ask students to read it thoroughly after the class.) In the class, well learn a short part taken from the scene. (P10 to P11, the famous statement about mercy made by Portia) G. (the last but not least) form of the play: verse drama written in blank verse mostly blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. Soon after blank verse was introduced by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of Virgils works, it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic dramas and some poets, such as John Milton, also employed this form to write their long poems. (5) Recommended Reading Sonnet 29; Sonnet 73; Sonnet 116; Four great tragedies; Romeo and Juliet; A Midsummer Nights Dream 3. Homework 1. Preview the next chapter about John Milton. 2. Find out the form and rhyme scheme of the poem To Cyriack Skinner on P23. Lecture 2 John Milton (1608 0 1674) (Comparing with William Shakespeare, few people read his great productions today. However, he is also a classical writer in English Literature.) 1. Historical Background (Discussion: Any important event happened during Miltons life time in Britain ) English Bourgeois Revolution The conflicts between King (James I and then Charles I) and the Parliament Profound conflicts: the Old Feudalism and New Capitalism In religion: The Anglican Church and the Puritan The consequence of those contradictions: the Civil War (1642 - 1649) The King was executed in 1649 and monarchy was abolished. Oliver Cromwells dictatorship (1649 - 1660) The Restoration: Charles II and then James II Glorious Revolution (1688) 2. Life born in a rich and cultured family - handsome and hardworking - graduated from Cambridge University and got master degree - six years private study and the most knowledgeable poet in Britain - writing pamphlets for the Commonwealth - blind in 1652 - arrested and fined after restoration - produced three great poems in plain life Most important works - three great poems: Paradise Lost (1667); Paradise Regained (1671); Samson Agonistes (1671) (poetic drama) Besides three great poems in his late years, he also wrote some excellent sonnets including the one well learn today. 3. To Cyriack Skinner (Ask the questions of homework) (Answer: Sonnet; abba abba cdcdcd) (1) Form: Sonnet (2) Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcdcd (different with William Shakespeares sonnets) (3) Explain the poem sentence by sentence (4) (Discussion) Theme: the authors positive attitude towards his blindness (another sonnet on blindness seems more discouraged.) 4. Paradise Lost (《失乐园》) (1) Miltons masterpiece; greatest epic written in the English language *epic(史诗): it is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Notice the differences between traditional epics and literary epics. Paradise Lost is a literary epic. (2) Its a long epic including 12 books. The plot is taken from the Old Testament of Holy Bible. *Holy Bible对于理解西方文化最重要的经典,分为《旧约》(The Old Testament)和《新约》(The New Testament)两部分,这两部分写于不同的时期,而且使用的文字不同,《旧约》主要用希伯莱语写成,《新约》则用希腊文写成.圣经最早曾被翻译成希腊文,然后是拉丁文,在欧洲各国通行.《圣经》英译始自8世纪,但各种版本都不算通行,直到Martin Luther宗教改革之后,1611年出现的.Authorized Version至今通行,对英国的语言和文学影响极大.推荐阅读英文版《圣经》节选或房龙《圣经的故事》中文版. Plot: (paragraph two on P24) revolt of Satan and some other angels 0 their defeat and throwing into the Hell 0 temptation of Adam and Eve 0 expulsion of Adam and Eve (3) Theme: to justify the ways of God to man (su★ 高中语文教学计划
★ 备课组教学计划
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