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英语写作的三个黄金定律

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英语写作的三个黄金定律

篇1：GRE写作的黄金定律

文章的清晰体现在读者能够很容易理解作者讲述的内容。为保证所写文章清晰明了，写作时有两点一定要加以注意：

一是越确切具体越好。在这一方面，作者首先应明确了解自己所要传达的信息、读者的范围及特点，然后再选择相关信息，采用某种文体格式传递给读者。也就是说，写作必须要以特定读者为对象，以让读者能够明确接受作者所传递的信息为宗旨。尽量以客观陈述为主，少主观臆测推断;尽量明确无误表达，少模棱两可评论，这是使文章清晰确切的写作准则。

二是组织结构富有逻辑性。文章结构富逻辑性会让读者很轻松地读懂作者要表达的思想内容。文章的这种逻辑性可以通过采用从一般到具体、从“全景”到细节、从问题的定义到分析再到提出解决方案等多种方式来体现。

篇2：GRE写作的黄金定律

直截了当、切中要点是保证文章简洁的最好写作形式。与中文写作相比，英文写作非常强调直奔主题、简单明快的写作风格。例如，在写作一个段落时，常常将概括段落主要内容的主题句(topic sentence)作为段落的首句，以便让读者迅速明确本段要讲述的内容。另外，写作时尽量将每个句子写得简短一些，少用或不用冗长的复合句。切记：短小精练的句子表达的意思才强而有力。

GRE issue写作优秀实例：技术进步之社会影响

题目：

Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.

技术不仅仅影响而且实际上是决定了社会传统和道德规范。

正文：

Taking a brief glance at history of human existence, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that technology, defined as the application of science and knowledge, has played an important role in bringing transformation and improvement to society. I agree with the above saying in the topic that technology should be regarded as a determinative factor which not only influences but also, and more importantly,determines the social custom and ethics.

People, generally speaking, would not doubt the perspective that technology exercises enormous influence on the custom and ethics of mankind. Before the Industrial Revolution, women in Britain were not allowed to work outside apart from some comparatively enlightened places; yet waves of women went into spinneries as cotton spinner after the jenny were universally utilized around Europe. The reason why factories preferred women rather than men in the Industrial Revolution lies in the development of technology, which decreased the physical weakness of women, raised the social awareness of the advantage of women worker such as more carefulness and patience, changed the traditional industrial configuration in the proportion of females and males, therefore transformed the cliche ban of women's outside working. Same analysis could be applied on feminism campaign. With the purpose of sexual equality and personality liberation, feminism campaign is based on the development and betterment of the equipment from this point of view. In a word, all these changes in social custom and ethics owe to the development of technology.

But why, someone may ask, should technology be mentioned as the determinate factor,not merely an infective ingredient? The answer comes from the difference between quantity of effects that influence and determination separately raise. As dictionary refers, the effect of influence is indirect and comparatively weaker; while that of determination is direct, basic and strong. From the examples given in the above paragraph, agreement may not be difficult to reach that the impact of technology on social custom is direct and enormous. Without technology in medical, people today might still hold the belief that spread of plague is the punishment from God and the sick are unforgivable sinners; in industry, the popular concept of global village and the social consciousness of racial equality might never exist; in sociology, women cannot get the opportunity to realize their own values as an independent individual through working. To sum up, technology is the determinative factor to change the social custom and ethics.

However, question may still be raised why it is the technology determines the social custom and ethics, rather than human beings or other factors. Admittedly, it seems much more of sense that human beings make the social custom and ethics by themselves. But it does not imply that human beings determine the trend of social custom, since the formation of a social custom and a principle of ethics is based on the level of technology at that time by which majority of people can measure what can be done while others cannot. Admittedly, often human activities such as Renaissance and World War 2 seem to influence the social custom more obviously and to a greater extent than technology does. But when considering why such activities happened on a specific time in a specific place, one still have to turn to technology for further understanding. Thus, the social custom actually should be regarded as fruits, if the human activities are taken as trunk; technology should be considered as the roots of the tree which determine whether the tree can live and what it can produce.

In fact, social custom and ethics feed back with the development of technology,resulting in either promotion or restriction. For an instance, acquirement for longer life nowadays is an increasingly popular social custom. This challenges the medical technology at present, thus stimulates the researchers to speed up their discovery for new medical treatment. Human cloning, for another instance, is legally abandoned in many countries due to the discordance with the ethnics of society today. Therefore the further development of cloning technology in many countries almost halts. The influence of social custom and ethics on technology cannot be ignored.

In conclusion, this issue asserts that the technology influences the social custom and ethics so markedly that can be regarded as a determinative factor. Meanwhile, the social custom and ethics can reflect feedback toward technology. Technology can be metaphorized into a flowing river, while the social custom and ethics into the banks, on which preserves human civilization and cultures. The river determines the position of banks; while the banks control the direction of flow.

GRE issue写作优秀实例：国家领土

题目：

Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.

政府应该保留国家领土中公共拥有的荒凉地区，即使这些地区往往人迹罕至。

正文：

Conflicts between prolonging human existence and solving current societal problem lie in governmental issues consistently. In order to keep biological diversity and natural balance, it places emphasis on environmental preservation which includes issues on wilderness areas. Insofar as protecting such areas permits a more comfortable survival of offspring I concede the necessity of preservation. However, when the nation is short of economical and political self-sufficient ability and current issues abound in number, government would set higher priority to at hand problems.

Preservation of wilderness areas conducted by government assures an effective method of providing descendants access to comfortable prospective nature system.Creatures, directly or indirectly instrumental for people, suffered from an escalated scale of extinction as a result of human industrialization. Moreover, along with rapidly accruing population, startling developing technologies and, perhaps most important of all, continuously inflating human desire the size and amounts of such areas shrank gravely over periods. Gradually appearing phenomena revealed threats of disastrous consequences tomorrow. Scarcity of plants with photosynthesis mechanism increase CO2 in atmosphere and therefore resulting in global warming trends which molten sea ice to water and has inundated some of the territory, for example. Awareness of some people in the leading position calls for governmental policies that protect environment from being excessively trampled by human behavior. To protect wilderness areas by forces of government is one of the available and effective measures. Creatures there could afford a free landscape and secure surrounding to grow and rear offspring.Possibly, certain kinds of rare species would be preserved from extinction.

However, a government takes responsibilities not primarily for the moral justice but for well-being of populace and strength of the nation as a whole. Once the protection of such areas require too much economical or personnel support, the priority needs confirmation. Resources of any government are limited, and deficit occurs frequently even if it places little emphasis on such relatively marginal issues. This does not entail eschewing from accountability for destiny of prospective citizens or human beings altogether. It means concern for being responsible for its living residents to guarantee the advent of prospective society. Can a population which suffered and is suffering from mass starvation, unemployment and destructive warfare but focused on symbiosis relationship with other species exist long? In this sense, human needs to be somewhat selfish rather than completely generous at the risk of self sacrificing.

Granted that preservation of wilderness areas validate in allowing biological diversity and better natural environmental situation for our progeny, it is likely that we can not satisfy them in light of the decline in human evolution. Had our predecessors intensively focused in preservation and distributed much more financial budgets to these areas rather than they did exploit Alaska for petroleum, we would not reproduce so many instruments that facilitate us in daily life and communication and make realization of genetic structure in ourselves possible. Such case holds true to whom live after us. Although by concentrating more on technological and economical development harms environment in future, we may have worked out solutions such as cloning disappeared species, recreating adaptable climate and colonizing to other planets. After all, purposes of all policies, no matter protecting the environment or reinforcing economical and technological strength, serve ultimately to the well-being of human.

To an extreme extent, without effective resorts to reduce the birth rate, which means persistent enlarging of population, government may take measures exploiting such areas for residence rather than preserve them originally looking. After all, it would be nonsense to afford others' benefits until we substantiated ourselves. Admittedly, wild animals and plants are there to stay and compete much less than they did, and such behavior robbing their last residence could be regarded as cruel. Yet, we may distinguish which is crueler comparing with depriving the right of survival from our fellow. The nature had performed its principle: the one who adapt less will be eliminated.

In summary, we have moral responsibility to preserve wilderness areas for a brighter future and circumstance for our descendents. However, sometimes government has to lay down such idea in order to avoid jeopardize in domestic crisis. In addition, once needed, to meet the needs for survival of its citizens, the government ought to make alternatives of exploiting rather than preservation.

篇3：英文写作的三大黄金定律

英文写作“黄金三定律”？说来很简单：清晰、准确、简洁，就这三点。通常，人们进行写作的一般目的无非就是向读者传递信息、介绍情况，或阐述作者对某一主题所持的观点，用英文写作也是如此。为了让读者更好地理解文章内容所传递的信息，使用英文进行写作时，行文一定要注意做到以上所述的三点，这就是目前公认的英文写作“黄金三定律”。

定律之一：清晰

文章的清晰体现在读者能够很容易理解作者讲述的内容。为保证所写文章清晰明了，写作时有两点一定要加以注意：

一是越确切具体越好。在这一方面，作者首先应明确了解自己所要传达的信息、读者的范围及特点，然后再选择相关信息，采用某种文体格式传递给读者。也就是说，写作必须要以特定读者为对象，以让读者能够明确接受作者所传递的信息为宗旨。尽量以客观陈述为主，少主观臆测推断；尽量明确无误表达，少模棱两可评论，这是使文章清晰确切的写作准则。

二是组织结构富有逻辑性。文章结构富有逻辑性会让读者很轻松地读懂作者要表达的思想内容。文章的这种逻辑性可以通过采用从一般到具体、从“全景”到细节、从问题的定义到分析再到提出解决方案等多种方式来体现。

定律之二：准确

要使文章语义表达准确，首先要尽量不要在学术文章中出现“大概、也许”之类模棱两可的词语，避免出现容易让人困惑和误解的词语和表达法；其次，要尽量避免使用那些有多种含义的词语和表达法。例如：singapore is a fine country这句话中的fine一词有多种含义，如“好的、细小的、罚款”等。日常生活中这样使用没有问题，但在写作时一定要避免使用这种容易产生歧义的多义词。

定律之三：简洁

掌握以上英文写作“黄金三定律”，相信你的英文写作水平一定会有一个飞速提高。

篇4：曾国藩黄金定律

01、志：志不立，天下无可成之事;有志者，事竞成;

02、恒：锲而不舍，金石可镂;欲稍得成，从恒下手;

03、专：凡为一事，事皆贵专;以专而精，以纷而散;

04、熟：熟极生巧，妙无不熟;万事皆熟，熟则能强;

05、裕：海纳百川，有容乃大;心胸广宽，得道多助;

06、静：静能生明，怒以伤身;静以修身，宁静致远;

07、淡：人我之际，须看得平;功名之际，须看得淡;

08、暇：人生苦短，莫图便盖;事忙易错，且更从容;

09、松：文武之道，一张一弛;忙里偷闲，小处放松;

10、明：人贵自知，自知则明;偏信则暗，兼听则明;

11、实：实事求是，精益求精，差之毫厘，失之千里;

12、硬：刚正不阿，铁骨正之;迎难勇进，雄壮豪迈;

13、俭：俭以养德，贫而自强;物欲丧志，侈以败业;

14、重：心胸宽博，举止端庄;步履稳重，字墨刚劲;

15、廉：洁身自好，严于律己;节欲莫贪，克己复礼;

16、勤：刻苦求进，勤学善思;懒惰误己，勤奋兴财;

17、慎：三思而行，谨始慎终;深思熟虑，慎者受益;

18、忠：忠实处事，忠诚为人;忠孝持家，忠心敬人;

19、仁：仁术并用，以仁爱人;仁礼并施，稳聚人心;

20、诚：推心置腹，言而有信;精诚所至，始终如一;

21、敬：平易近人，不卑不亢;内外兼修，乐道人善;

22、恕：宁人负我，我勿负人;宽以待人，容人之短;

23、和：恶语难消，忍过事堪;和睦相处，万事谐通;

24、谦：谦虚谨慎，好学穷理;满则招损，谦者受益;

25、挺：艰难险苦，坚定意念;决不气馁，振作精神;

26、辣：激浊扬清，赏罚严明;恩威并重，治病救人;

27、变：洞察势情，识破天机;深识远略，出奇善变;

28、悔：遇有不测，自查反省;汲取教训;以利再战;

29、耐：人生六耐，缺一不可;临危应耐，耐以生存;

30、缓：事缓乃圆，好从慢得;从缓待变，应对自如;

31、滑：化危为夷，缓解矛盾;以滑化险，急中生智;

32、展：化大为小，一展了之;诱其松懈，自我发展;

33、浑：难得糊涂，愈致混淆;藏锋剑锐，戒骄装愚;

34、忍：修身养性，志存高远;忍气静心，平息愤争;

35、退：节制锋芒，谦和退避;激流勇退，养精蓄锐;

篇5：合作也有黄金定律

那天，和一位资深商界朋友闲谈，谈到我的一位朋友在和人打官司，我忍不住发牢骚说：“商业社会人与人的关系，实际上就是合作关系，可是现在与人合作太难了。开始挺好，大家是朋友，谈友谊，谈合作，可是合作的结果，大都不欢而散，弄不好还要闹到法庭上去，从朋友变成敌人了。”

这位朋友笑笑，说：“我经商多了，和许多人合作过，但没有一个上法庭的，你知道这是为什么吗？”

我摇摇头。

“现在大部分人做生意是这样：先认识，然后谈友谊，谈合作；然后是利益；然后就是不满，甚至像你的朋友那样，闹上法庭，从朋友到敌人。”

“为什么会这样呢？”我问。

“我想是因为很多人和别人洽谈时，为了尽快谈成，就把自己的所有想法、方案和对未来美好的前景都说出来，而且人为地夸大，诱使对方做出决定，等到对方抱着美好的不切实际的幻想做出决定，开始投入合作时，会发现越来越多的问题，会感到合作并不像当初许诺得那么美好。矛盾、冲突越积越深，到最后终于爆发，一次合作就终止，从朋友变成敌人。”

我点点头，但还有些不解：“那么你为什么能和别人合作，获益，再合作，再获益，反复重复下去呢？你和合作伙伴之间就没有矛盾、冲突吗？”

“凡是合作都会有矛盾和冲突，但我会事先分散、化解，而不是压制到最后爆发，

”

“那你是如何分散、化解的呢？”

“我想这是因为我能很好地控制每次交谈的密度。我和别人洽谈合作时，第一次见面，谈话的内容只占我整个方案的3％，其它都是闲谈，与主题无关。而且，下一次谈话一定选在三天之后。给对方一定的消化时间。第二次再谈，交谈的内容增加一倍，是6％。下次再谈，再增加一倍，12％。三次之后，一般人就会动心了，他会用心思考，反复推敲，但这个时候，还不能做决定。紧接着，是第四次交谈，这一次是24％，很多人这个时候就已经做决定了。如果这时候还不能决定，再谈一次，这一次，密度是48％。这个时候，他心里一定会做出决定。很多人这个时候就争着签字，但我不是，还要再谈。再谈，正好相反，不是往上增，而是往下减。我会提出一些负面的问题，并不会影响他做决定，他正在兴奋点上，会按惯性往前走。但是我说和不说对我不一样。等到他最终做出决定，并开始和我实际合作时，会发现问题，但这些问题我都事先和他讲过，所以他有准备，会接受。即使这次合作最后没有赚到钱，他也不会怨我。因为我所有的想法不是一次性强加给他，而是慢慢渗透给他的，是他自己接受了才做决定的。要怨，只能怨自己，当初没有认真对待我提出的问题，如果认真对待，也许就不会有今天的结果了。所以他还要感谢我呢。下一次，如果有机会，他还会和我合作。”

每一个合作，不仅会有有利积极的一面，也会有消极的一面。大部分人，为了合作成功，都只说正面，对负面的东西瞒着不说，等到出现问题，就互相埋怨，结果可想而知。成功的合作，是在合作之前，把你想到的有关负面的东西告诉对方，但是，要记住：别把时间顺序搞错，否则，没人会跟你合作。