八年级上册英语期末复习提纲((精选6篇))由网友“克莱德”投稿提供,下面是小编整理过的八年级上册英语期末复习提纲,希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1:八年级上册英语期末复习提纲
八年级上册英语期末复习提纲
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【语言目标】
• What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach.
• How often do you eat vegetables? Every day.
• Most students do homework every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的,有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),(在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么?”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词。
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.” “你最喜欢什么节目?”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”;
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;其反义为:be bad for...。(这里for 是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good . pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell
(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【语言目标】
• What’s the matter? I have a headache.
• You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
• I have a sore back. That’s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了?
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事,
mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事,
give up doing sth.放弃做某事,
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花(时间)来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)来更愿意(做...)
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1. What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2.Maybe you should see a dentist.
3.I hope you feel better soon.
4.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
8.When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
9.I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
10.I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11.I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
12.I practice playing the piano every day.
13.She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14.The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15.Do you mind closing the window?
16.Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.
17.They kept working though it was raining.
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
【语言目标】
• What are you doing for vacation? I’m spending time with my friends.
• When are you going? I’m going next week.
• How long are you staying? We’re staying for two weeks.
【应掌握的词组】
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行,
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行,
go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样?
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书,
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40.a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
【应该掌握的句子】
1.What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
2.Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.
3.When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, .
4.I’m going to Tibet for a week.
5.What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.
7.Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
8.What is it like there?
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.
14.She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
【语言目标】
• How do you get to school? I take the bus.
• How long does it take? It takes 20 minutes.
• How far is it? It’s 10 miles.
【应掌握的词组】
1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about …….怎么样?
4. take the subway 乘地铁
5. ride a bike 骑自行车
6. take the bus乘公共汽车
7. take the train乘火车
8. take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train
(乘坐……车,放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭
12. the early bus 早班车 13. how far多远
14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事 16. bus stop公共汽车站,train station火车站,
subway station地铁站,bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18. walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区
21. depend on=depend upon 依靠,靠……决定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多
number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数
26. the number of….的数量,谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地,全世界
【应掌握的句子】
1. How do you get to school? I walk to school.你是怎样到校的?我步行。
2. How about the white shirt? 这件白衬衫怎么样?
3. I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.我通常步行,但有时坐公共汽车。
4. How long does it take you to get to school? It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.你需要多长时间到校?步行大约10分钟,乘汽车15分钟。
5. How far is it from his home to school? About 10 kilometers. 从他家到学校有多远?大约10公里。
6. Lin Fei’s home is about 10 kilometers from school.林飞的家离学校大约10公里
7. He leaves for school at around six-thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校。
8. Then the early bus takes him to school.然后,他乘坐早班车到学校。
9. Thomas wants to know where Nina lives.托马斯想要知道尼娜住在哪里。
10. In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.
在日本,大部分学生乘坐火车上学,尽管其他人也步行或骑自行车。
11. A small number of students take the subway to school. 小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
12. What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样?
13. She is dead but her memory still lives on.她虽然死了,但人们仍然怀念她。
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
【语言目标】
• Can you come to my birthday party? Yes, I’d love to. /Sorry, I can’t .I have to study for a test.I’m sorry. I’m playing soccer on Saturday.
• When is the party? It’s at seven-thirty.
【应掌握的词组】
1. come to one’s party 参加某人的聚会
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. I’d love to 我非常乐意
4. I’m sorry 对不起
5. study for a test为测验而学习
6. go to the doctor 去看医生
7. visit one’s aunt 看望某人的姑姑
8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课
10. too much homework 太多家庭作业
11. much too interesting 有趣得多
12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧
13.Thanks for asking(inviting)谢谢邀请
14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛
15. Birthday Party 生日聚会
16. go to the mall 去购物中心
17. soccer practice 足球练习
18. look for 寻找
19. find out 找到,弄清楚,查明
20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习
21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球
22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙
23. football match足球比赛 24. my cousin’s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会
25. write soon 尽快回信
26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习
27. 给某人打电话的几种说法:
call sb. up, call sb.
phone sb., phone to sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up,ring sb.
give sb. a ring,
give sb. a phone
make a telephone call to sb.
28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上
29. be (go) on vacation 度假
30. next week下周
31. join sb.加入某人一起
32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静,
keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”,
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“(使某人)不停地做某事”,
keep sth. 保存某物
34. culture club 文化俱乐部
35. try to do sth. 努力(企图)做某事,
try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’ best to do sth. 尽力做某事
【应掌握的句子】
1. Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, I’d love to.
2. May I ask you some questions? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.
3. I would love to go to your party.
4. She isn’t very well these days and has to stay home.
5. We can learn what we did not know.
6. Thank you for inviting me. =Thanks for asking (having, inviting)
7. Maybe another time.
8. Can she go to the movies? No, she can’t. She’s playing soccer.
9. Read these dialogues and find out about another kind of football.
10. She and I are both students
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
【语言目标】
• Is that Sam? No, that’s Tom,
He has shorter hair than Sam. He’s calmer than Sam.
【应掌握的词组】
1. long hair 长头发
2. How are you? 你身体好吗?
3. How old 多大年纪4. how tall 多高
5. how long ago多久前(的事)
6.more outgoing 比较外向
7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲,企图
8. here are photos of me 这是我的照片
9. as you can see 正如你所看到的
10. in some ways在某些地方
11. we look the same我们看起来一样,
They look different他们看起来不同
12. the same to ……多……是一样的
13. quite the same 完全一样
14. all the same 还是, 同样应……
15. look like 看起来像….一样,而look same 看起来很像
16. go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party
17. a little taller 高一点
18. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物
19. put sth. in sth. 将某物放入某物中
20. make a list of 列出清单
21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服
22. is popular in school 在学校受欢迎
23. is good at sports 擅长体育
24. make me laugh 使我发笑
25. that’s not very important for me 那对我来说并不重要
( be important for sb.)
26. put up举起,抬起,挂起,张贴,建造;
put on穿上,戴上,上演(戏剧);
put down=write down=copy down 写下来;
put out 伸出,扑灭; put away 收起来,收好;put off推迟; put one’s heart into…全神贯注于……,全身心投入……
27. opposite views 相反的观点
28. a weekend teacher 周末教师
29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心
30. elementary school students 小学生
31. be good with children 善于与孩子相处
32. have good grades 成绩出色
33. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话
34. can’t stop talking 不能停止讲话
35. help others 帮助别人,help each other互相帮助
36. in one’s free time在业余时间
37. one of +复数名词(代词)……其中之一
38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…
39. be/feel sorry for sb. 为某事感到同情或难受;
be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或后悔;
be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过;
say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
40. begin with 从……开始
41. next to 在……旁边,紧靠……
42. be famous for 因… 而著名,因……而广为人知;
be famous as 作为……而知名
43. all together 总计,总共
44. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事,
相似的用法有几个感官动词see, let, hear, watch, feel等
【应该掌握的句子】
1.What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
2.Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.
3.When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4.I’m going to Tibet for a week.
5.What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.
7.Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I’m staying for three weeks.
9.What is it like there?
10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.
14. She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?
【语言目标】
• How do you make a banana milk smoothie?First, peel the bananas and cut it up. then put the milk into the blender....
• How many bananas do we need? We need three bananas.
【应掌握的词组】
1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料
2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器
5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源
6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器
7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)
turn up旋大(灯火等),开大(煤气等)调高(声音等),
turn down 把(灯火、电器等)关小一点
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂
9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉
11. two pieces of bread 两片面包
12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起
14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包 13. takes turns doing sth,
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事
15. slices of duck 烤鸭片
16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼
17. make faces 作鬼脸
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误,
make the bed整理床铺
make one’s way to往…走去,
make room for给…腾出地方
18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易
it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难,
It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列
20. a recipe for ……的烹调方法, ……的菜
【应掌握的句子】
1.How do you make a banana smoothie?
2.Describe a process and follow instructions.
3.Pour the milk into the blender.
4.How many bananas do we need?
5.Then compare lists with another student.
6.I need some help.
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
【语言目标】
• What did you do on your school trip?
• Did you go to the zoo? No, I didn’t. I went to the aquarium.
• Were there any sharks?
No, there weren’t any sharks, but there were some really smart seals.
【应掌握的词组】
1. talk about 谈论,talk over谈论
2. give a talk 作报告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话
4. go to the beach去海滩
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去动物园
7. go to the aquarium去水族馆
8. hang out with one’s friends和朋友闲逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir买纪念品
11. have pizza吃比萨饼
12. a famous actor著名的演员
13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名
14. win a prize赢得奖品(奖项)
15. at the aquarium 在水族馆
16. have a great time玩得高兴,过得愉快
17. on the school trip在学校的旅游
18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆
19. the Visitors’ Center游客中心
20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 后来
22. at the end of…在……结束的时候,在……的尽头
23. the Gift Shop礼品店
24. at the beginning of…在..开始的时候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行
26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣
27. make up a story编一个故事 28. go for a drive 开车兜风
30. in the rain在雨中
in the dark在黑暗中
in the sun在阳光下
in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down=copy down 写下,记下
32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事
33. play computer games打电脑游戏
34. for sale 供销售
35. see you soon盼望很快见到你
36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看
37. win the first prize获得了一等奖
38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员
39. in the future在将来,今后
40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
41. the story goes that…据说……
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日,
in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间
the off season淡季
43. none of… ……当中没有一个
44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨
a light rain一阵小雨
a fine rain 一阵细雨
44. all day = all day long 整天
all night = all night long整夜
【应掌握的句子】
1. How was your school trip?
2. Talk about events in the past.
3. Were there any sharks? No, there weren’t any sharks, but there were some really smart seals.
4. What else did you do?
5. Finally, they took the school bus back to school.
6. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the students
7. The students had a terrible school trip.
8. They took the subway back to school.
9. She lives in California. The weather was beautiful.
10. On my next day off, I don’t want to go for a drive. That sounds really boring.
11. Did you have fun camping?
12. No one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.
Unit 9 When was he born?
【语言目标】
• Who’s that? That’s Deng Yaping, She is a great ping-pong player.
• When was she born? She was born in 1973.
• Who is Shirley Temple? She is a movie star.
• When did she become a movie star? When she was three years old.
【应掌握的词组】
1. ping-pong player乒乓球运动员
2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中国杰出的乒乓球运动员
3. start hiccupping 开始打嗝
4. too… to…太……,而不……
5. write music谱写曲子
6. a movie star电影明星
7. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车
8. start learning开始学英语
9. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动
10. a loving grandfather慈爱的祖父
11. spend all one’s free time with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间
12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手 13. ice skating滑冰
14. a kind and loving grandmother和蔼而慈爱的祖母
15. a skating champion 滑冰冠军
16. the famous Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家
17. a small boy(girl)孩提时期
18. at the age of…在……年龄时
19. take part in参加、加入
20. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴
21. major in 主修,专修
22. start for a place=leave for a place动身去…
23. because of 因为、由于
【应掌握的句子】
1.When was he born?
2.Who’s that? That’s Deng Yaping. She is a great Chinese ping-pong player.
3.How long did Charles Osborne hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months.
4.You are never too young to start doing things.
5.Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old.
6.Who is Shirley Temple? She’s a movie star.
When did she became a movie star?
She became a movie when she was three years old.
7.It was a comedy called “How Alone”.
8.Arthur is a loving grandfather. He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.
9.She toured the U.S. when she was fourteen.
10. When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.
11. Who is the greatest man alive?
12. My mother bought a live fish.
13. The living people are more important.
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player
【语言目标】
• What are you going to be when you grow up? I’m going to be a computer programmer.
• How are you going to do that? I’m going to study computer science.
【应掌握的词组】
1. grow up 长大,成长
2. computer science计算机科学
3. be going to do 表示主观打算、准备或有信心做某事
4. computer programmer 电脑程序设计人
5. baseball player 棒球运动员
6. take acting lessons上演技课
7. professional basketball player职业篮球运动员
8. practice basketball练习篮球
9. move somewhere=move to somewhere搬到(不具体的)某一地方
10. sound like 听起来像……
11. part-time 兼职的,full-time 全职的,全日制的
12. a year or two 一两年=one or two years;
an hour or two=one or two hours一两个小时
a day or two=one or two days一两天
13. my dream job我梦想的工作
14. what I want to do 我想做的事情
15. somewhere interesting有趣的地方
16. a reporter for fashion magazine 时装杂志记者
17. save some money 积蓄一些钱,攒钱
18. at the same time与此同时
19. hold art exhibition举办美术展览
20. all over the world全世界,世界各地 21. somewhere quiet and beautiful 安静而美丽的地方
22. send sth. to sb. 将某物发送给某人
23. I’m not sure yet我还没有定下来
24. the Olympic Games=the Olympics奥运会
25. New Year’s resolutions新年的决心
26. play an instrument 弹一种乐器
27. get a part-time job找到一份兼职工作
28. make the soccer team组建足球队
29. get good grades获得好成绩
30. eat healthier food吃健康的食物
31. get lots of exercise多进行体育锻炼
32. take guitar lessons上吉他课
33. I really love music我酷爱音乐
34. sounds interesting听起来很有意思
35. communicate with sb.与某人交流
36. a foreign language teacher 一份当外语教师的工作
37. keep fit 保持身体健康
38. work harder in school 在学校里更努力学习
39. make one’s resolution 表决心
40. after high school=leave school中学毕业后
41. international magazines 国际杂志社
42. the exchange students留学生
43. have a welcome party 召开一个欢迎会
【应掌握的句子】
1. I am going to be a basketball player.
2. How are you going to do that? I’m going to study computer science.
3. Being a computer programmer is his dream.
4. Cheng Han is going to be an actor.
5. Where is Cheng Han going to move? He’s going to move to New York.
6. Where are you going to work? I’m not sure yet.Maybe Beijing or Shanghai.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
【语言目标】
• Could you take out the trash? Sure.
• Could I borrow the car? Sorry, but I need it, I have to go to a meeting,
• I have to make the bed and do the laundry.
【应掌握的词组】
1. could you please…你能……吗?/请你干…….好吗?
2. do the dishes 洗餐具
3. sweep the floor清扫地板
4. take out the trash倒垃圾
5. make one’s bed铺床
6. fold one’s clothes叠衣服
7. clean the living room 清扫客厅
8. stay out late晚归
9. his father’s reason他父亲的理由
10. get a ride搭车
11. use one’s computer 使用某人的电脑
12. hate sth./to do sth.讨厌某事/做某事
13. do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服
14. make breakfast, make dinner, do some cooking 做饭
15. wash the car刷车16. work on 从事,忙于
17. work at学习、致力于、在……上下工夫
18. borrow some money借一些钱
19. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事
20. go to the store去商店
21.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事
22. agree with sb. =agree with what one says同意某人的意见
23.(需了解) make a deal作成交易 make a face做鬼脸;
make a fool of捉弄,使出洋相
make friends with与……交朋友
make a name for himself成名
make a note of注意,记下来
make free with擅自使用
make fun of取笑
make…into把……作成,使变成
make it成功,到达某处
make one’s living维持生活
make one’s way to前往某处
make room腾出地方
make up编造
make use of利用
24. borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)
25. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)
26.ask for要求得到、要求见到
27. take care of = look after照顾、照看、照料
take good care of=look after…well
28. need some help需要一些帮助
29. come over过来
30. get angry生气
31. have a test考试
32. make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除
【应掌握的句子】
1.Could you please clean your room?
2.Could you please open the door for me?
3.I hate to do chores.
4.Tell your partner your answer to activity 1a. Does your partner agree?
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog.
6.You are having a party. Ask your partner for help. Talk about these things.
7.Take him for a walk.
Give him water and feed him.
Then wash his bowl. Play with him.
Don’t forget to clean his bed.
8.I’m going to move to a new house! I need some help.
Unit 12 what’s the best radio station?
【应掌握的词组】
1. the best radio station最好的无线电台
2. comfortable seats舒适的椅子
3. big screens大屏幕
4. friendly service友好的服务
5. new movies新电影
6. close to home离家近
7. in a fun part of town 在城镇闹区
8. Town Cinema城镇电影院
9. Screen City大屏幕影视城
10. Movie Palace电影艺术宫
11. Jeans Corner牛仔广角
12.Trendy Teens时髦少年服装店
13. Easy Listening轻松听力
14. have good quality clothes服装质量好
15. in town在城里, in the city在城市里
in the country在乡下
16. the beat clothing store最好的服装店
17. do a survey of 对…进行调查
18. all the movie theaters所有的电影院
19. the most interesting music最有趣的音乐
20.be(get, become, feel) interested in 对…感兴趣
21.positive words肯定的词语
22. negative words否定的词语
23. the most creative最有创造力的
24. the most boring最烦人的
25. the math teacher数学老师
26. a great success巨大的成功
27. win the prize for赢得……的奖项
28. without music没有音乐伴奏下
29. the funniest actor最滑稽的演员
30. the worst movie最差的电影
31. action movies动作片
32. beautiful beaches美丽的海滩
33. in the north of China在中国的北部
34. an Ice and Snow Festival冰雪节
35. Central Park 中心公园
36. leader of a band乐队指挥
37. Forbidden City紫禁城
38. elementary school 小学
【应掌握的句子】
1. What’s the best radio station?
2. How do you choose what movie theater to go to?
3. I think Gold Theater has the most comfortable seats.
4. What do young people think about places in town?
5. The film is interesting.
6. Where are we going for lunch?
7. My sister Isabel is the funniest person I know.
8. Last week’s talent show was a great success.
9. He danced without music.
篇2:八年级上册英语复习提纲
【复习目标】
会使用频率副词及短语;
能描述课余时间的活动安排;
会描述基本饮食结构.
【语言目标】
●Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends
Isometimesgotothebeach.
●Howoftendoyoueatvegetables
Everyday.
●Moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.【重点词汇】
●always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,never.
●howoften,once,twice,threetimesaweek,everyday.
●milk,junkfood,health,unhealthy,habit,exercise,most,result,try,different
maybe,although,arm,foot,tooth,ear,eye,advice,thirsty,forget,finish,plan.
【应掌握的词组】
1.gotothemovies去看电影
2.lookafter=takecareof照顾
3.surftheinternet上网
4.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式
5.goskateboarding去划板
6.keephealthy=stayhealthy保持健康
7.exercise=take(much)exercise=dosports锻炼
8.eatinghabits饮食习惯
9.takemoreexercise做更多的运动
10.thesameas与什么相同
11.bedifferentfrom不同
12.onceamonth一月一次
13.twiceaweek一周两次
14.makeadifferenceto对什么有影响
15.howoften多久一次
16.although=though虽然
17.mostofthestudents=moststudents
18.shop=goshopping=dosomeshopping购物
19.asfor至于
20.activitysurvey活动调查
21.dohomework做家庭作业
22.dohousework做家务事
23.eatlessmeat吃更少的肉
24.junkfood垃圾食物
25.begoodfor对什么有益
26.bebadfor对什么有害
27.wanttodosth想做某事
28.wantsbtodosth想某人做某事
29.trytodosth尽量做某事
30.comehomefromschool放学回家
31.ofcourse=certainly=sure当然
32.getgoodgrades取得好成绩
33.someadvice
34.hardly=notnearly/almostnot几乎不
35.keep/beingoodhealth保持健康
36.bestressed紧张的,有压力的
37.takeavacation去度假
48.getback回来
【应掌握的句子】
1.Howoftendoyouexercise你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体
Howoften+助动词do(does或did)+主语+dosth.疑问词howoften是问频率(多久一次),(在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:once,twice,threetimes…,sometimes,often,quite,often,never,everyday,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesamonth,threeorfourtimesamonth等.
翻译:“你们多久到工厂去一次”“每星期两次.”
(“Howoftendoyougotothefactory”“Twiceaweek.”)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会”“通常每两周举办一次.”
(“Howoftendotheyhaveadancingparty”“Usually,onceeveryotherweek.”)
“他多久去购一次物”“一个月一次.”
(“Howoftendoeshegoshopping”“Hegoesshoppingonceamonth.”)
2.“Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends”“Iusuallyplaysoccer.”
“周末你通常做什么”“我通常踢足球.”
第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词.
翻译:WhatdoyouusuallydoonweekendsIoftengotothemovies.
WhatdoessheusuallydoonweekendsShesometimesgohiking.
3.“What'syourfavoriteprogram”“It'sAnimalWorld.”
“你最喜欢什么节目”“动物世界.”
4.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.
asfor...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词,代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词).如:Asforhim,Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到.
Asforthestory,you'dbetternotbelieveit.关于那故事,你不要相信.
翻译:至于我自己,我现在不想去.(Asformyself,Idon'twanttogonow.)
至于那个人,我什么都不知道.(Asfortheman,Iknownothingabouthim.)
5.Momwantsmetogetupat6:00andplayping-pongwithher.
wanttodosth.意思是“想要做某事”;
wantsb.todosth.意思是“想要某人做某事”.如:
Doyouwanttogotothemovieswithme你想和我一起去看电影吗
Theteacherdoesn'twantustoeathamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包.
6.Shesaysit'sgoodformyhealth.
begoodfor...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;其反义为:bebadfor....(这里for是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词)
如:It'sgoodforustodomorereading.多读书对我们有好处.
Readinginbedisbadforyoureyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害.
7.Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight
8.Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.
9.Myeatinghabitsareprettygood.这里pretty相当于very.
10.Itrytoeatalotofvegetables,usuallytentoeleventimesaweek.
trytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思而trydoingsth.表示“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”.
如:You'dbettertrydoingtheexperimentinanotherway.
你试试用另一种方法做这个试验.
11.Myhealthylifestylehelpsmegetgoodgrades.
helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事
12.Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.
这里better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级
13.Isherlifestylethesameasyoursordifferent
=Isherlifestylethesameasyourlifestyleorisherlifestyledifferentfromyoursbethesameas…/bedifferentfrom…
14.Whatsportsdoyouplay
15.Alotofvegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.
keepingoodhealth=keephealthy=stayhealthy
16.Youmusttrytoeatlessmeat.
trytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17.Thatsoundsinteresting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句.sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell
(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语.如:
Ittastesgood.这味道好.
Themusicsoundsverysweet.这音乐听起来很入耳.
Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了.
【词语辨析】
一,maybe/maybe
1.Thebabyiscryingsheishungry.
2.Thewomanateacher.
maybe是副词,意为“大概,可能,或许”,一般用于句首.Maybe是情态动词,意为“可能是..,也许是..,大概是..”.
二,afew/few/alittle/little
1.peoplecanliveto100,butpeoplecanliveto150.
2.Thereistimeleft,Idon'tcatchthefirstbus.
3.Couldyougivememilk
afew(少数的,几个,一些)
alittle(一点儿,少量)
表示肯定
few(很少的,几乎没有的)
little(很少的,几乎没有的)
表示否定
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
三,none/noone
1,ofthepensaremine.
2,isintheclassroom.
none指人或物,强调数量,用howmany提问,常与of连用.noone多指人,强调“无人”这种状态,用who提问,不可与of连用,作主语时,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.
四,hard/hardly
1.Thegroundistootodig
2.Icanunderstandthem.
3.It'sraining,thepeoplecangooutside.
hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”.Hardly意为“几乎不”.
篇3:八年级上册英语复习提纲
Unit1
【语言目标】
Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?Isometimesgotothebeach.
Howoftendoyoueatvegetables?Everyday.
Moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.
【应掌握的词组】
1.gotothemovies去看电影
2.lookafter=takecareof照顾
3.surftheinternet上网
4.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式
5.goskateboarding去划板
6.keephealthy=stayhealthy保持健康
7.exercise=take(much)exercise=dosports锻炼
8.eatinghabits饮食习惯
9.takemoreexercise做更多的运动
10.thesameas与什么相同
11.bedifferentfrom不同
12.onceamonth一月一次
13.twiceaweek一周两次
14.makeadifferenceto对什么有影响
15.howoften多久一次
16.although=though虽然
17.mostofthestudents=moststudents
18.shop=goshopping=dosomeshopping购物
19.asfor至于20.activitysurvey活动调查
21.dohomework做家庭作业
22.dohousework做家务事
23.eatlessmeat吃更少的肉
24.junkfood垃圾食物
25.begoodfor对什么有益
26.bebadfor对什么有害
27.wanttodosth想做某事
28.wantsbtodosth想某人做某事
29.trytodosth尽量做某事
30.comehomefromschool放学回家
31.ofcourse=certainly=sure当然
32.getgoodgrades取得好成绩
33.someadvice
34.hardly=notnearly/almostnot几乎不
35.keep/beingoodhealth保持健康
36.bestressed紧张的,有压力的
37.takeavacation去度假
48.getback回来
【应掌握的句子】
1.Howoftendoyouexercise?你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?
Howoften+助动词do(does或did)+主语+dosth.?疑问词howoften是问频率(多久一次),(在这里助动词do(does或did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:once,twice,threetimes…,sometimes,often,quite,often,never,everyday,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesamonth,threeorfourtimesamonth等。
2.“Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?”“Iusuallyplaysoccer.”
“周末你通常做什么?”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词。
3.“What’syourfavoriteprogram?”“It’sAnimalWorld.”“你最喜欢什么节目?”“动物世界。”
4.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.
asfor...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。
5.Momwantsmetogetupat6:00andplayping-pongwithher.
wanttodosth.意思是“想要做某事”;
wantsb.todosth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6.Shesaysit’sgoodformyhealth.
begoodfor...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;其反义为:bebadfor...。(这里for是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)
7.Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?
8.Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.
9.Myeatinghabitsareprettygood.pretty相当于very。
10.Itrytoeatalotofvegetables,usuallytentoeleventimesaweek.
trytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思而trydoingsth.表示“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”。
11.Myhealthylifestylehelpsmegetgoodgrades.
helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事
12.Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.
better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级
13.Isherlifestylethesameasyoursordifferent?=Isherlifestylethesameasyourlifestyleorisherlifestyledifferentfromyours?bethesameas…/bedifferentfrom…
14.Whatsportsdoyouplay?
15.Alotofvegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.
keepingoodhealth=keephealthy=stayhealthy
16.Youmusttrytoeatlessmeat.
trytodosth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17.Thatsoundsinteresting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell
(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
Unit2
【语言目标】
What’sthematter?Ihaveaheadache.
Youshoulddrinksometea.Thesoundslikeagoodidea.
Ihaveasoreback.That’stoobad.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.
【应掌握的词组】
1.Haveacold感冒
2.soreback背痛
3.neckandneck并驾齐驱,齐头并进
4.Ihaveastomachache我胃痛
=Ihavegotastomachache
=Thereissomethingwrongwithmystomach
=Mystomachhurts
=Ihave(got)apaininmystomach
5.What’sthematter?怎么了?
=What’sthetrouble(withyou)?
=What’syourtrouble?
=What’swrong(withyou)?
=What’thematter(withyou)?
=Whathashappenedtoyou?
=Isthereanythingwrong(withyou)?=what’sup?
6.sorethroat咽喉痛
7.liedownandrest躺下休息
8.seeadentist看牙医
9.drinklotsofwater多喝水
10.hotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’sagoodidea好主意
12.That’stoobad太糟糕了
13.Ithinkso我认为如此
14.I’mnotfeelingwell.我觉得不太舒服
=I’mnotfeelingfine/allright.
=I’mfeelingill/sick.=Ifeelterrible/bad.
=Idon’tfeelwell.
15.getsomerest多休息
16.Ihavenoidea=Idon’tknow我不知道
17.stressedout筋疲力尽
18.Iamtired我累了Heistired.他累了
19.ahealthylifestyle健康的生活方式
20.traditionalChinesedoctors传统中医
21.abalanceofyinandyang阴阳调和22.youhavetoomuchyin.你阴气太盛
23.toeatabalancediet饮食平衡
24.healthyfood健康食品
25.stayhealthy保持健康
=keephealthy=keepingoodhealth
=keepfit
26.enjoyoneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself
反身代词)玩得高兴,过得愉快
=haveagoodtime=haveawonderfultime
=havefun
27.enjoysth.=likesth.(名词)喜欢某物,
enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事=likedongsth
practicedoingsth.练习做某事,
minddoingsth.介意做某事,
finishdoingsth.完成某事,
giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事,
can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事,
keepdingsth.坚持做某事.(keepondoingsth./keepsb.doingsth.)
bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事
beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事
makeacontributiontodoingsth.为..做贡献
goondoingsth.继续做某事
forgetdoingsth.忘记做某事
rememberdoingsth.记得做某事
spend....(in)doingsth.花(时间)来做某事
preferdoingsth.todoingsth.比起(做...)来更愿意(做...)
28.atthemoment=now此刻
29.Hostfamily东道家庭
30.Conversationpractice会话练习
31.I’msorrytohearthat.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1.What’sthematter?Ihaveabadcold.
2.Maybeyoushouldseeadentist.
3.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.
4.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.
5.EatingDangshenandHuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.6.Peoplewhoaretoostressedoutandangrymayhavetoomuchyang.
7.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.
8.Whenyouaretired,youshouldn’tgooutatnight.
9.Ibelievehim,butIcan’tbelieveinhim.
10.Iamnotfeelingverywellatthemoment.
I’mtiredandIhavealotofheadaches.
11.I’mstressedoutbecausemyMandarinisn’timproving.
12.Ipracticeplayingthepianoeveryday.
13.ShehadfinishedwritingtheletterwhenIwentin.
14.Thedoctoraskedhimtogiveupsmoking.
15.Doyoumindclosingthewindow?
16.Marycouldn’thelplaughingathisjokes.
17.Theykeptworkingthoughitwasraining.
Unit3
【语言目标】
Whatareyoudoingforvacation?I’mspendingtimewithmyfriends.
Whenareyougoing?I’mgoingnextweek.
Howlongareyoustaying?We’restayingfortwoweeks.
【应掌握的词组】
1.babysitone’ssister照顾妹妹
2.visitone’sgrandmother看望奶奶
3.spendtimewithfriends和朋友们一起度过时光
4.visitcousins看望表弟等
5.gotosportscamp去运动野营
6.otothebeach去海滩
7.gocamping去野营
8.Goshopping去买东西
9.goswimming去游泳
10.goboating去划船
11.goskating去溜冰
12.gowalking去散步
13.goclimbing去登山
14.godancing去跳舞
15.gohiking去徒步远足
16.gosightseeing去观光
17.gohouse-hunting去找房子
18.oonahike徒步旅行,
gobikeriding骑自行车旅行,
gofishing去钓鱼
19.dosomeshopping买东西
20.dosomewashing洗衣服
21.dosomecooking作饭
22.dosomereading读书
23.dosomespeaking训练口语
24.dosomesewing做缝纫活
25.thatsoundsnice那好极了
26.athome在家
27.howabout=whatabout……怎么样?
28.howlong多长时间
29.howfar多远
30.howoften多长时间一次
31.howmuch,howmany多少
32.haveagoodtime
=havefun=haveawonderfultime
=enjoyoneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
33.showsb.Sth.=showsth.tosb.出示某物给某人看
givemethebook=givethebooktome给我书,
passmethecup=passthecuptome把杯子递给我,
sellmethehouse=sellthehousetome把房子卖给我
buymeabook=buyabookforme给我买书,
makemeacake=makeacakeforme给我做蛋糕
34.getback=comeback回来
35.rentvideos租借影碟
36.takewalks=goforawalk散步
37.thinkabout考虑
38.decideon=decideupon决定一个计划
39.somethingdifferent不同的事情
40.agreatvacation一个愉快的假期
41.Ican’twait我等不及了
42.thefamousmoviestar的影星
43.anexcitingvacation激动人心的假期
44.Askheraboutherplans向她询问她的计划
asksb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事
45.forgettodosth.忘记要做某事
forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事
【应该掌握的句子】
1.Whatareyoudoingforvacation?I’mbabysittingmysister.
2.Whoareyougoingwith?I’mgoingwithmyparents.
3.Whenishegoingcamping?Heisgoingonthe12thofFebruary,.
4.I’mgoingtoTibetforaweek.
5.Whatareyoudoingthere?I’mgoinghikinginthemountains.
6.Showmeyourphotoswhenwegetbacktoschool.
7.Whereareyougoingforvacation?I’mgoingtoHawaiiforvacation.
8.Whatisitlikethere?
11.HethoughtaboutgoingtoGreeceorSpain,butdecidedonCanada.
12.HeisleavingthefirstweekinJuneandstayinguntilSeptember.
13.Pleasedon’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.
14.Shecouldn’twaittogethometoseeheparents.
Unit4
【语言目标】
Howdoyougettoschool?Itakethebus.
Howlongdoesittake?Ittakes20minutes.
Howfarisit?It’s10miles.
【应掌握的词组】
1.gettoschool到校
2.gethome到家
3.howabout=whatabout…….怎么样?
4.takethesubway乘地铁
5.rideabike骑自行车
6.takethebus乘公共汽车
7.takethetrain乘火车
8.takeataxi乘坐出租车
9.goinaparent’scar坐父母的车
10.bybike,bikebus,bysubway,bytaxi,bycar,bytrain
(乘坐……车,放在句尾)
11.haveaquickbreakfast迅速吃早饭
12.theearlybus早班车13.howfar多远
14.takesb.tosp.带某人到某处
15.doingsth.takessb.Sometime/money
=Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.
=sb.spendssometime/money(onsth.)
=sb.spendssometime/money(in)doingsth.
=sth.costssb.sometime/money
=sb.paysomemoneyforsth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事16.busstop公共汽车站,trainstation火车站,
subwaystation地铁站,busstation客运站
17.wanttodosth.想做某事
18.walktoschool步行上学
19.inNorthAmerica在北美
20.inotherpartsoftheworld在世界的其他地区
21.dependon=dependupon依靠,靠……决定
22.notall不是所有的
23.needtodosth.需要做某事
24.numberofstudents学生数
25.anumberof=many许多
number前可用large,great,small修饰其谓语是复数
26.thenumberof….的数量,谓语是单数
27.don’tworry(aboutsth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28.aroundtheworld=allovertheworld世界各地,全世界
【应掌握的句子】
1.Howdoyougettoschool?Iwalktoschool.你是怎样到校的?我步行。
2.Howaboutthewhiteshirt?这件白衬衫怎么样?
3.IusuallywalkbutsometimesItakethebus.我通常步行,但有时坐公共汽车。
4.Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?Ittakesabout10minutestowalkand15minutesbybus.你需要多长时间到校?步行大约10分钟,乘汽车15分钟。
5.Howfarisitfromhishometoschool?About10kilometers.从他家到学校有多远?大约10公里。
6.LinFei’shomeisabout10kilometersfromschool.林飞的家离学校大约10公里
7.Heleavesforschoolataroundsix-thirty.他大约在6点30分动身去学校。
8.Thentheearlybustakeshimtoschool.然后,他乘坐早班车到学校。
9.ThomaswantstoknowwhereNinalives.托马斯想要知道尼娜住在哪里。
10.InJapan,moststudentstaketrainstoschool,althoughothersalsowalkorridetheirbikes.
在日本,大部分学生乘坐火车上学,尽管其他人也步行或骑自行车。
11.Asmallnumberofstudentstakethesubwaytoschool.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
12.Whatdoyouthinkofthetransportationinyourtown?你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样?
13.Sheisdeadbuthermemorystillliveson.她虽然死了,但人们仍然怀念她。
篇4:八年级上册英语复习提纲
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢?
get sb. sth. for … 为了… 给某人买某物
= get sth. to sb. for…
注意:当sth. 是代词时,不可使用第二种用法。
2. That’s not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。
enough有两种词性:当它用来修饰形容词、副词时,作为副词,应放在所修饰的词之后,如上句;当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后,如:I don’t have enough time to spend with her.
3. What’s the best gift (that) Joe has ever received? Joe曾经受到的的礼物
是什么?
4. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙!
5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我认为对于一个六岁的孩子一条狗会是一个好礼物。
6. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很难照料。
7. The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.近来最流行的宠物是大腹便便的猪。X kb1.com
8. Life with a pig isn’t always perfect. 和一只猪在一起生活并不总是完美的。
9. Now she’s too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。
too… to …:太…以致于不能…
= so… that 主语 can’t ….
e.g. He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
= He is very young and he can’t go to school.
注意:too…to…是一个简单句,而so…that…是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时,在句型中要用for sb.来表述。如:
The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.
= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.
= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.
= The digital camera is very expensive and we can’t buy it.
10. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圆。
cost:花费(金钱)主语为物;
pay:花费(金钱)主语为人;
take::花费(时间、金钱)主语为物;
spend :花费(时间、金钱)主语为人。
语法
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢?
How/What about doing sth.? 做…怎么样呢?
How/What about + (a/an) + n.? …怎么样呢?
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做(不做)…?
= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做(不做)…好吗?
注意:7、8两个单元学习的几种礼貌的提出建议的方式要重点、综合复习。注意他们的搭配。
Unit 9
重要短语
1. hear of 听说
hear from 收到…的消息/来信
2. take a ride 兜风
3. end up 结束
4. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
5. roller coaster 过山车
6. a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员
7. in fact 事实上
8. all over the world 全世界
9. think about 考虑
think of 想起;认为
10. rather than 宁可;而不是
11. neither…nor… 既不…也不…
12. three quarters of 四分之三
13. for example 举个例子
14. such as 例如
15. on the one hand,… on the other hand,…. 一方面…,另一方面…
16. be asleep 睡着(状态)
fall asleep 睡着(动作)
重点句子新 课标 第 一网
1. Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗?
No, I haven’t. 不,我没有。
Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。
这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so,它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如:
-- I paid 20 yuan for this book.
-- So did I.
2. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.
过山车是以迪斯尼的人物为主题的。
3. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
虽然船的路线不同,但它们都停泊在同一个地方。
4. It’s just so much fun in Disneyland.
迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。
5. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
只是因为我能说英语,我得到了这份工作。
6. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人是中国人。
7. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。
语法
1. 现在完成时
(1) 用法:动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;
过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响;
过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 基本结构:have/has + V.过去分词
(3) 时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句,等。
(4) 注意事项:
A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;
B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。
C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。
D. have been to:去过…
have gone to:去了…
have been in:呆在…
E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词:
buy --- have had borrow --- have kept
join --- have been in / have been a member of
become --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends
die --- have been dead get to know --- have known
come/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold
begin/start to do --- have done
begin / start --- have been on
enter / come / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at
go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away from
2. since,for在现在完成(进行)时中的用法差异
(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。
He has been an English teacher since three years ago.
We have known each other since we came to study in this university.
(2) for后接时间段
He has lived here for three years.
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)
He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。(并不涉及他现在是否住在这里)
Unit 10
重点短语
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
2. look through 浏览
3. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道
4. think of 想起、认为
5. come along 出现,发生
6. get along/on … with sb. 与某人相处的…
7. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
8. have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会
9. on Saturday night 在周六的晚上
10. at least 至少
11. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里
知识点
1. I hope so. 我希望如此。
so为代词,用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了hope以外,还有think,believe,suppose,be afraid等,可与so连用。如:
Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗?
I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕会。
注意:用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容,有两种不同的方法,不可混用。如:
I don’t think so. 我不这么想。
I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不会这样。
2. How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱?
3. I feel like part of the group now. 现在我感觉像是他们中的一员了。
4. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友,使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。
篇5:八年级地理上册期末复习提纲
八年级地理上册期末复习提纲
1、从东西半球看,她位于东半球,从南北半球看,她位于北半球。
2、从大洲大洋位置看,她位于亚洲东部太平洋的西岸。
3、从纬度位置看,大部分位于属于中纬度地区,属于北温带,南部少部分位于热带,没有寒带。
4、我国陆地领土面积约960万平方千米,居世界第三位,仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。
5、我国陆上国界线长达0多千米,相邻的国家有15个。
6、我国大陆海岸线长18000多千米,与我国隔海相望的国家有6个,分别是日本、韩国、菲律宾、文莱、马来西亚、印度尼西亚
7、我国濒临的海洋从北到南依次是渤海,黄海、东海、南海。
8、渤海有我国的盐场长芦盐场,东海有我国的渔场舟山渔场。
9、全国的行政区域,基本分为省、县、乡三级。
10、我国共有34个省级行政区域,包括23个省,5个自治区,4个直辖市和2个特别行政区。
11、我国总人口为12.95亿,人口特点是人口基数大,人口增长速度快。
12、为了使人口数量的增长,同社会经济发展和资源环境条件相适应,我政府把实行集计划生育作为一项基本国策。
13、我国人口分布不均,东部地区人口密度大,特别是东南沿海更大;西部地区人口密度小。
14、我国人口分界线是黑龙江省黑河市到云南省腾冲市。
15、我国人口最多的河南省,面积的新疆省。
16、在我国56个民族中,汉族人口最多,少数民族中人口最多的是壮族。
17、汉族的分布遍布全国各地,以东部和中部最为集中,少数民族的主要分布在西南、西北、东北地区。
18 各民放分布具有大杂居,小聚居的特点。
20、我国在各少数民族聚居的地区实行民族区域自治,设立自治机关,建立自治区、自治州、自治县、民族乡等。
第二章 中国的自然环境
21、我国西部地形多以山地、高原、盆地为主,东部则以平原和丘陵为主,地势的特征:西高东低,呈三级阶梯状分布。
22、第一阶梯青藏高原雄居西南,平均海拔在4000米以上,号称世界屋脊。
23、一、二阶梯的分界线是昆仑山、祁连山、横断山;二、三阶梯的分界线是大兴安岭、太行山、巫山、雪峰山 。
24、四大高原是:黄土高原、内蒙古高原、青藏高原、云贵高原 ;四大盆地是:四川盆地、柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地;三大平原是:东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原。
25、黄土高原的特征质地疏松,缺乏植被覆盖的地方水土流失严重,沟壑纵横,内蒙古高原的特征地面平坦,一望无垠,青藏高原的特征冰川广布 ,云贵高原的特征地面崎岖不平。
26、山区常见的自然灾害是崩塌、滑坡、泥石流 。
27、开以利用山区和时候,要特别注意生态环境建设。
28、山区包括山地、崎岖的高原和丘陵,约占全国陆地面积的 2/3 。
29、冬季,我国南北气温差别很大,夏季,大多数地方普遍高温。
30、1月0℃等温线大致沿秦岭——淮河一线分布。
31、冬季最冷的地方是黑龙江漠河 ,夏季最热的地方是新疆吐鲁番 。
32、号称我国“三大火炉”的是重庆、武汉、南京 。
33、划分温度带主要指标是活动积温 。
34、我国从北到南划分为5个温度带是寒温带、中温带、暖温带、亚热带、热带 。还有一个地高天寒、面积广大的 高原 气候区。
35、我国年降水量的总趋势是从东南沿海向西北内陆递减 。
36我国降水最多的地方是台湾的火烧寮 ,降水最少的地方是吐鲁番盆地的托克逊 。
37、一个地方的降水量和蒸发量 对比关系,反映该地气候的湿润程度。
38、干湿地区的划分是依据气候的干湿 程度,我国四个干湿润是 湿润地区、半湿润地区、半干旱地区、干旱地区。
39、我国南北温差大的主要原因是纬度位置,冬季风
40、季风区和非季风区的分界线是大兴安岭、阴山、贺兰山、巴颜喀拉山、冈底斯山。
42、季风气候的优点雨热同期,是但它会带来一些灾害性天气如寒潮、水旱灾害、台风。
43、我国的内河流塔里木河 ,河水主要来自于昆龙山、天山的冰雪融水 。外流河如长江,河水主要来自于天然降水。
44、世界上最长,开凿最早的人工河是京杭大运河。
45、黄河发源地巴颜喀拉山,注入渤 海。
46、具有“塞上江南”美称的是宁夏平原 。
47、黄河上中游的分界是河口 ,中下游的分界是孟津。
48、黄河下游河床逐渐抬高,成为“地上河 ”。
49、黄河在流经中游 河段后,产生的泥沙最多,原因是流经的地形是黄土高原。
50、长江发源于唐古拉山山脉,注入东海,它是我国长度 最长、水量 、流域面积 最广的河流,有“水能宝库 ”和“黄金水道 ”之称。
51、长江上游中游的分界宜昌,中游和下游的分界湖口。
52、长江水能资源主要集中在上游 河段。宜宾 城市以下四季都能通航。
53、有“九曲回肠”之称的是荆江 ,本河段的治理措施是裁弯取直。
54、长江中下游平原地区的三个主要来源是、宜昌以上的干支流,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖两大水系,北面的汉江。
第三章 中国的自然资源
55、对于可再生资源,如果利用合理,并注意保护和培育 ,便能实现永续利用,对于非可再生资源,我们应该十分珍惜和节约使用 。
56、我国自然资源的特点是总量丰富,人均不足。
57、根据土地的用途及土地利用的状况把土地资源分为耕地、林地、草地、建设用地。
58、我国人均土地资源占有量小,且各类土地资源所占的比例不尽合理,主要是,耕地 少、林地多、难利用土地不足,特别是后备土地资源 与人与耕地的矛盾尤为突出。
59、我国的耕地和林地主要分布在气候湿润的东部季风区 ,草地主要分布在年平均降水量不足400毫米的西部内陆地区。
60、土地资源的人为破坏现象有水土流失、土地荒漠化、乱占耕地。
61、土地资源的一项基本国策是十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地,切实保护耕地 。
62、地球上的水,海洋水占97%,淡水资源 占2.5%
63、地球上的淡水资源,绝大多数为两极和高山的冰川 ,其余大部分为深层地下水 。目前人类利用的淡水资源主要是江河湖泊和浅层地下水 。
64、我国水资源总量少于巴西、俄罗斯、加拿大、美国和印度尼西亚,,位于世界第 6 位,若按人均计算,则仅为世界平均水平的 1/4 。
65、从时间分配看,夏季 季降水集中,冬春季降水少。有效调控径流和水量的季节变化的措施兴修水库 ;
66、从空间分布看,我国水资源南丰北缺,特别华北和西北 地区缺水最为严重,进一步加剧了北方的缺水状况。解决水资源地区分布不均的有效办法之一是跨流域调水 。
67、南水北调工程就是把长江 水系水调到缺水严重的华北、西北 地区。
68、针对我国水资源严重紧缺的问题,节约用水尤为重要。
第四章 中国的经济发展
69、经济发展的“先行官”是交通运输。
70、历我国的四大“米市”是无锡、芜湖、九江、长沙。
71、在各种交通运输线中,铁路运输是我国最重要的运输方式。经过西藏省的铁路是青藏铁路。
72、贵重或急需的货物而数量又不大的,多由航空运送。
73、容易死亡或变质的货物,多采用公路 运送。
74、大宗笨重货物,远距离运输,一般选择水运、铁路 运送。
75、农业的生产部门有种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业。
76、农业是支撑国民经济建设与发民的基础产业。
77、西部地区天然草场广布,有我国四大牧区是内蒙古牧区、青海牧区、新疆牧区、西藏牧区。
78、林业集中分布在东北、西南、东南 地区。长江中下游地区地区是我国淡水渔业最以达的地区。
79、粮食作物中的水稻、小麦公布呈现“南稻北麦 ”格局。
80、油料生产形成了长江油菜带和黄淮花生区两大生产区。
81、糖料作物则呈现明显的“南甘北甜 ”的分布特点。
82、棉花生产以北方为主,形成了新疆南部、黄河流域、长江流域 三大棉区。
83、工业是国民经济的主导产业。
84、北京的中关村是我国最早建立的高新技术开了试验区。
85、高新技术产业主要特点1。从业人员中,科技人员 所占的比重大。2。销售收入中,用于研究与开发的费用比例大,3。产品更新换代快。
86、高新技术产为是以电子和信息 类主业为“龙头”产业。
87、我国高新技术产业开民区多依附于大城市 ,呈现出大分散、小集中的分布特点。
88、因地制宜发展农业一方面要考虑自然环境的差异,另一方面要考虑社会经济条件的制约。
判断经度和纬度的口决
(1)判断纬度看横线(上的度数),北大北纬,南大南纬;赤道以北为北纬,赤道以南为南纬。
(2)判断经度看竖线(上的度数),东大东经,西大西经;本初子午线以东为东经,本初子午线以西为西经;180度经线以东为西经,180度经线以西为东经。
(3)判断南北半球看纬度,北纬属于北半球,南纬属于南半球。
(4)判断东西半球看经度,西经20度以东是东半球,西经20度以西是西半球;东经160度以东是西半球,东经160度以西是东半球。
(5)判断低、中、高纬看纬度,0-30度为低纬,30-60度为中纬,60-90度为高纬。
(6)判断五带看纬度,回归线和极圈。
初中生怎样学好地理
1.预习课本
将课本中的内容粗粗的阅上一遍,在这个过程中,要有意识的去理解(有些东西不必死扣字眼,老师和课本怎么说,你就怎么理解),有意识的去背(肯定一遍背不过,但是下一遍感觉就和书上的这些东西熟悉了)。然后,用一支笔,按你自己的理解将课本上的重点画出来。
2.学地理最重要的是细心
就拿一张地图来说,上面的每一点信息都有可能成为考试内容,稍不留神错过一点的话很可能那张图就白读了。复习的时候最好是能腾出一块完整的时间系统地读。先读图。地图是地理的重头戏,有时甚至会比书本还重要。山川、河流、城市,把它们的地理位置记清楚。要争取第一遍时就记熟。因为记地图有一个特征,一旦记住了就不会轻易忘记,所以与其隔一段时间复习一次,还不如刚开始就认真地记好。
3.做好地理知识结构,最好做好每一个知识点的思维导图
在课堂上认真听课,课后笔记,特别是必修1得花点苦功夫,其实大部分都是有规律的,把重点知识掌握,多理解下。最后把老师讲的和自己学习的知识做好思维导图,包括地图、表格等。
4.关于记笔记
有人又有问题了,那笔记的问题怎么办,怎么解决,可以买网上哪些所谓的学霸笔记吗,或者看那些,其实我个人认为最好的方法还是自己记笔记最好,一自己记可以 加深印象,二可以根据自己情况来制作个性笔记,例如标注重点了,还有自己对知识的一些心得了什么,三那别人的笔记因为对方学习的状况和你有差别,可能你认 为重点的别人并不认为就没有记,参考的价值就不大,再有别人有的地方是略记或者自己的注记,你看不懂或者理解偏差反而会影响你的学习。
所以我认为笔记最好自己记,根据自己情况来记,怎么记?如何记那?我认为这样记最好:首先老师上课讲的重点,自己认为的重点难点易错的,以及对知识点的感悟,自己答题的思路,以及一些自己脑海里一闪而过的思想。
篇6:八年级历史上册期末复习提纲
八年级历史上册期末复习提纲(7—9课)
第七课 中国古代官僚体制
(一) 官僚机构(1)中央:(a)秦汉时期设丞相,协助皇帝处理全国军政事务。
(b)隋唐时期,实行三省六部制,扩充完善了官僚制度。
(2)地方:秦代实行郡、县两级制;东汉后期改为州、郡、县三级制;元明清时期以省领路、府、州、县的三级或多级制。
(3)自秦代开始,历代王朝都有监察制度。
(4)意义:古代官僚制度的完善有利于多民族国家的巩固和发展,对国家统一、社会稳定、抵御外来侵略有重要作用。
(5)少数清官:如北宋包拯、明朝海瑞、清朝于成龙等。
(二)科举取士(1)西周时由贵族世袭;汉代采用察举、征辟的方式。
(2)科举考试四个阶段:童试、乡试、会试、殿试。
(3)以进士科为重要。
(4)评价:科举制度是比较完备而又严密的选官制度,在国际上也产生了重要影响。
(5)八股文:明清时期,规定考试题目必须来自“四书”、“五经”,考试格式为八股文,不允许发挥个人见解。
第八课 改革推动社会进步
(一) 商鞅变法(1)商鞅是战国时期著名的改革家。
(2)公元前356年,在秦孝公支持下,商鞅开始在秦国变法。
(3)主要措施:(a)打破旧贵族对土地垄断,承认土地私有,允许买卖;(b)重农抑商,奖励耕战;(c)设立县制,国君任免县令;(d)轻罪重刑,实行连坐。
(4)意义:商鞅变法后,秦国社会安定、经济富足,军事实力大大提高。强大的秦国最终一统天下。
(二)王安石变法:北宋神宗时,王安石开始了全面改革,史称“王安石变法”。
(三)张居正改革(1)原因:明朝中期以来,耕地兼并严重,赋役负担严重不均,国家财政入不敷出,社会问题堆积如山。
(2)目的:为了挽救统治危机。
(3)主要措施:(a)清丈土地:按照实际田产数征税。
(b)“一条鞭法”:把各种名目的赋役和劳役合并起来,折合银两征收。
(4)效果:使赋役不均的现象有所缓解,国家财政收入状况明显改变。
第九课 中国古代农民
(一)以农为本(1)概论:我国的农业是从黄河流域和长江流域发展起来的,是一种精耕细作的农业生产体系。
(2)农业的发展:(1)秦汉以前,北方地区的主要农作物是粟。后来,小麦大面积种植。南方地区以种植水稻为主。
(2)东汉以后,江淮地区得到开发。
(3)宋代,太湖流域成为重要的粮仓,出现了“苏(苏州)湖(湖州)熟,天下足”的民谚。这时中国农业经济的重心已经从黄河流域转移到长江流域。
(4)明朝后期,从国外引进了玉米、甘薯等高产作物。
(5)纺织业原料:早期主要是麻和丝。宋元时期,棉花普及。
(6)“五谷”和“六畜”:“五谷”通常指“稻、麦、黍、稷、豆”。“六畜”指马、牛、羊、猪、狗、鸡。
(7)中国古代统治者奉行“以农为本”的政策,鼓励农业生产。
(8)我国古代许多农谚是农业生产经验的结晶。二十四节气是我国独有的科技成果。
(9)有重要影响的农学著作:(a)北魏贾思勰的《齐民要术》。该书提出了精耕细作、提高单位面积产量的思想。(b)元世祖组织人编写《农桑辑要》。(c)元朝王祯的《农书》,绘有生产工具的图样。(d)明朝徐光启的《农政全书》,是一部大型综合性农书。该书补充了宋元以来在棉花、甘薯引种栽培方面的新鲜经验。
(二)农民与乡村社会
(1)自给自足的小农经济:古代农村以家庭为单位从事生产劳动。“男耕女织”,形成一种自给自足的小农经济。
(2)我国古代农民的显著特点:聚族而居、安土重迁。
(3)农民是赋税徭役的主要承担者。农民抵御天灾人祸的能力十分有限,农民生活很艰辛。
(4)我国古代农民四处流亡的原因:总结为五逃:“天(天灾)、官(政府的徭役)、军(供给军队的物资)、钱(高利贷)、愚(经营不善).
(5)我国古代农民起义的主要原因:自然灾害频繁;赋税徭役沉重;土地兼并严重;民不聊生。
(三)农民起义1.陈胜、吴广起义:
(1)时间:公元前209年夏(秦末)。 (2)地点:大泽乡。
(3)口号:“王侯将相,宁有种乎?” (4)政权:“张楚”
(5)意义:中国历史上第一次农民大起义。
2.李自成起义:
(1)时间:明末。 (2)地点:陕北。
(3)口号:“均田免粮”(反映了农民强烈要求土地和减免沉重赋税的愿望)。 (4)政权:“大顺”。
(5)意义:推翻了明朝的腐朽统治。
3.我国古代农民起义的重要影响:使新建封建王朝的统治者,不得不采取一些发展生产、与民休息的政策。这有利于社会经济的恢复和发展。
★ 初三历史期末总结
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