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托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位

时间：2023-03-27 07:35:41 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位（共5篇）由网友“EasyRevenge”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助您。

托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位

篇1：托福阅读怎样在解题时做好定位

托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位?3个细节技巧指点

托福阅读定位技巧：选对定位关键词

定位首先需要的就是题目和文章中出现的对应关键词。既然是帮助考生回原文定位的，那么这些关键词就必须具有特殊性，容易被识别才行。小编建议大家多考虑名词部分，尤其是题干主干部分的名词，主语宾语信息或者主语表语信息，当然要排除文章的核心词即文章标题或段落中心句中曾经出现过的内容，因为这类词在文章或段落中的出镜率太高了，已经失去了特殊性。

托福阅读定位技巧：注意关键词替换

有时候定位的阻碍来自题干关键词在原文中的替换，在原文中不是关键词原型的重现，而是换成了一个接近的说法，有些思维模式一根筋的同学可能会意识不到这就是题目的定位了。在此小编介绍一下常见的替换做法，以便于在遇到这样的情况下就能够从容应对。

最低级的同义替换就是同根词不同词性间的替换，比如：题干中说到of importance回到原文就变成了important，当然这是比较低级的替换所以出现的频率不会太高。更多见的同义替换就是近义词之间的替换，比如：题干中说of importance原文中变成了significance，这种替换要求同学们具备一定词汇量的基础。难度再大一点的就是反义词之间的替换，比如：题干中说生态系统的性质稳定stable，回到原文中变成性质不变not change。

托福阅读定位技巧：关注原文出题点

如果大家觉得关键词的替换程度比较大不容易确定，也可以通过识别高频考点位置建立起原文和题目之间的关系。由于托福阅读的原文主要来自美国大学的课本教材，所以一些理论和观点讲解是核心信息，往往在这些地方也聚集了大量的考点，所以同学们要对theory，hypothesis等用词敏感一些，遇到这种词，仔细斟酌一下是否和题目具有一定的关联性。此外，生物和心理类的文章多会描述一些实验和研究的过程，所以research shows的内容也是高频考点，类似的词还包括experiment，investigation，study等等。总之托福阅读的题目一定会出在值得被考察的信息上，区分信息的重要性也是大家在阅读备考过程中需要去培养的一种能力。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Geographic isolation creates...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop, but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs only when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.

词汇解释：

isolation: one group, person, or thing is separate from others.

speciation: speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.

gene pool: the gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.

结构分析：

并列复合句

句1 Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop，

句2 but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs only when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.

.中句2含有because引导的原因状从和when引导的时间状从。

句子分析：

句1中

geograhic isolation 主语， creates 谓语，opportunities 宾语， for new species 介词结构作定语，to develop, 目的状语。本部分意思：地理隔离创造了新物种发展的机会。

句子2

主句部分：but it does not necessarily lead to new species

it 主语，指代geographic isolation， does not necessarily lead：谓语部分， to new species：宾语。本部分意思：但它不一定会导致新物种

原因状语从句：because speciation occurs

speciation是主语，occurs 谓语。

本部分意思：因为新物种的出现(产生)。

时间状语从句：when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.

the gene pool，主语;undergoes，作谓语;enough changes 宾语。

to establish 状语。其中，reproductive barriers是establish的宾语。

between the isolated population and its parent population,介词结构作定语，说明是isolated population 和 its population之间的障碍。

本部分意思：因为只有当基因库产生足够的变化，使得分割种群与其总群之间产生繁殖障碍时。

参考翻译：

地理隔离创造了新物种发展的机会，但它不一定会导致新物种，因为只有当基因库产生足够的变化，使得分割种群与其总群之间产生繁殖障碍时才会产生新的物种。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：amphibians are unable to...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

In contrast to mammals and birds, amphibians are unable to produce thermal energy through their metabolic activity, which would allow them to regulate their body temperature independent of the surrounding or ambient temperature.

结构分析：

复合句，本句中带有which引导的非限制性定语从句。

句子分析：

In contrast to mammals and birds, 状语说明amphibians的情况。amphibian 主语， are unable to produce =cannot produce 相当于复合谓语，thermal energy 宾语， through their metabolic activity 定语。本部分的意思是：与哺乳动物和鸟类相反，两栖类动物不能通过他们的代谢活动产生热量。

which引导的从句中，which充当主语，would allow 谓语， them作为宾语，to regulate their body temperature,宾语补足语。independent of the surrounding or ambient temperature 定语。本部分的意思：这将允许它们脱离周围环境温度调节体温。

参考翻译：

与哺乳动物和鸟类相反，两栖类动物不能通过他们的代谢活动产生热量，这将允许它们脱离周围环境温度调节体温

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Frog species that remain...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Frog species that remain exposed to the sun despite high diurnal temperatures exhibit some fascinating modifications in the skin structure that function as morphological adaptations.

结构分析：

复合句，主句带有that引导的定语从句，despite引导的让步状语从句，又接that引导的定语从句。

句子分析：

主句中， frog species 主语，后接that引导的定语从句修饰这个主语。从句中that充当主语，remain 系动词 exposed to表语，系表和在一起作为从句的谓语部分，the sun 宾语。接下来，despite引导的状语从句中，high diurnal temperatures 做主语，exhibit谓语，some fascinating modifications 宾语， in the skin structure定语。本部分意思：尽管白天气温高，暴露在太阳下的青蛙物种在皮肤结构中出现了一些有趣的改变。

that引导的从句修饰modifications，不是structure，有同学总以为that修饰离它最近的名词，但是这想法是错的。从句中,谓语部分里的function，并没有第三人称单数，所以function服务的主语是个复数，因此这个从句在修饰modifications. function as morphological adaptations 整个动词短语做谓语部分。本部分意思：其作用是形态适应。

参考翻译：

尽管白天气温高，暴露在太阳下的青蛙物种在皮肤结构中出现了一些有趣的改变，其作用是形态适应。

托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位

篇2：托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位

托福阅读如何在解题时做好定位?3个细节技巧指点

托福阅读定位技巧：选对定位关键词

托福阅读定位技巧：注意关键词替换

托福阅读定位技巧：关注原文出题点

以上就是关于托福阅读定位的一些细节技巧讲解，希望能够帮助大家提升阅读做题效率和正确率，顺利解答难题拿到理想得分。

托福写作考试举例子的注意事项介绍

. 多用群体性例子而非个人例子

这个要求可能和许多同学的想法完全相反。很多人觉得既然要举例，那自然应该尽可能多用名人事例，而这些东西在托福写作备考准备案例素材时也会大量背诵各类所谓的名人案例。这种思路在托福写作中其实并不符合当下要求。大家要知道，如今的托福写作中，涉及个人观点类的话题越来越少，而关系到社会现象的题目则在不断增加。也就是说，考生在举例时，运用名人事例来进行例证的机会越来越少，论证效果也在逐渐下降，毕竟在广泛的社会现象明前，个人事例其实是比较缺乏说服力的。而相对的如果是以某个群体为例来进行证明，那么其说服力显然会好很多。

以看电视会对青少年产生消极影响来说，如果大家举的例子是某某人因为从小经常看电视而影响了视力，这种例子其实是没有什么说服力的，但如果考生给出的例子是某某研究表明，青少年群体因为看电视缺乏运动而整体肥胖率上升，这样的例子显然就很很好地证明观点了。所以，大家在托福写作例证时，要注意多用群体性例子，少用个人化例子。

2. 举例要多加入细节增加可信度

另一个考生在举例时常会犯的毛病就是给出的例子太空洞，缺乏内容和细节，因此给人不可信的感觉。简单来说，就是会让考官觉得你的例子是瞎编的。例子想要具有说服力，那就必须有足够多的内容细节来支撑。大家不仅需要对例子涉及到的背景、成因和变化有一定的描述，对于例子本身的具体发展以及变化细节也都要给出足够多的描述来丰富其内容，从而增加例子的可信度。

比如诚实与信任这个比较经典的独立写作话题，考生如果给出的例子是A因为撒了一次谎而从此失去了B的信任，这种例子显然就没什么可信度，一看就让人有种明显是编的，甚至编都编得不走心十分敷衍的感觉。但是如果大家给出了整件事情的前因后果，再加上一些细节渲染比如善意的谎言等等，那么这个例子就显得更加

7月7日托福写作真题解析

独立写作

给5-10左右的孩子share一下哪三个 Value最重要：

1. beinghelpful to others

2. beinghonest

3. being wellorganized

综合写作

阅读部分：政府不该fund艺术家和艺术组织

1，不属于政府的正当function。政府不需要保证人们有东西可以娱乐。举例功能应该像把纳税人的钱投到military这样保证人民安全

2，艺术作品会被censor。艺术作品受到政客的影响会被选择去投资与否，政客还会使用作品表达政治倾向，对社会不好

3，娱乐产业已经很赚钱了不需要funding。举例都是每年盈利之类的

听力部分：反驳。

1，没有出政府功能。举例national park每年2billions投入poll还显示人民满意。人民满意也算政府需要做的

2，艺术和政治是分开的。反驳有两点，一个是individuals通过art quality 而不是political perspective判断which art to fund，以及private institution也会参与fund art

3，只有 Holly wood commercial art赚钱，只有这一种艺术发展是不行的，其他的 project，没有fund就不会存在，孩子就不会受益

托福写作语法问题深入分析，如何选择恰当的表达方式?

托福写作语法表达改写实例分析

选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下，推荐几种考生们在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：

1.一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：

The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.

从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：

My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.

2.避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：

There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day.It was hard work for my grandfather.

可以改为：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.

更简洁的句式为：

My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.

3.把从句改为短语或单词。例如：

Dairy cows were raised on the farm， which was located 100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.

简介的表达方式为：

The dairy farm was located in a remote area， 100 kilometers to the nearest university.

4.仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。例如：

In the fall， not only did the cows have to be milked， but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.

本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s

family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：

In the fall， my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.

5.用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，例如下面这句话：

My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.

Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.

6.有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达，例如：

Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.

两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：

Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses，let alone pay for a university degree.

上述这些托福写作中语法改写的实际案例，不知道大家有没有看懂呢?学会更恰当的表达方式，你的作文得分就能有所提升了。

篇3：托福阅读在错几个的情况下能够达到25分呢

托福阅读在错几个的情况下能够达到25分呢?这是许多考生比较在意的一个问题。本文将从几个点来解答在托福考试中，如何达到托福阅读25分，而在托福写作25分只能错几道题呢?本文将一一解答。

托福阅读在错几个的情况下能够达到25分呢

托福阅读在错几个的情况下能够达到25分呢?很多考生以及托福大神给出了这么几种不同的观点，有人说要保证托福阅读25分以上最多错6-8个;也有人认为在总题目44-45分的基础上，对39个错5-6个，托福阅读就可以拿到25分;也有人说在没有空题的情况下可以错3-6个;也有人说要看题目难度和考生整体水平即平均分，每次考试容差率不同。说到这里，小编先给大家解释什么是容差?

托福阅读容差就是指根据题目的难度允许错却不扣分的题目。一般来说除了最后一道题，容差为一题。以上几种观点到底是否准确呢?

我们说过托福阅读有三篇文章，总共42道题。除每篇文章的最后一题每题2分之外，其他题目都是每题一分。所以说托福阅读部分的原始总分是45分。而原始分与最终成绩之间有个对应关系。

托福阅读25分错几个?托福阅读想要拿到25分，根据表格原始分就要拿到39分。原始分要拿到39分最多可以错几道题呢?这里分为几种情况。

首先，在每篇文章最后一道题全部作对的情况下，原始分要39分那么基础题可以错6道题，也就是说在这种情况下托福阅读25分错6个题目。

其次，在每篇文章最后一道题全部做错的情况下，已经扣6分，原始分得分为39分，转换成最终成绩恰好是25分。在这种情况下托福阅读25分只能错3道大题，基础题一道都不能错。

第三种就是比较复杂的情况了。三道“6选3”大题，如果其中一道题选错一个选项即扣一分，而其他两道题没错，那么错5个基础题就能拿到托福阅读25分;如果错两个选项此题没法即扣两分，其他两道题没错，那么错4个基础题也能拿到托福阅读25分。三道题中一题全对、一题全错、一题错一个选项，或者是每题选错一个选项，都要扣3分，那么基础题则错3个托福阅读即可得25分。以此类推，想要托福阅读25分，原始分必须为39分，错3-6个题，所以说最多可错6道题。

托福阅读考试有哪些陷阱?

陷阱一：熟词僻义

词汇类问题(Vocabulary Questions)是新托福阅读考试每次必练习题型，而且题量较多，每篇文章通常出现3-5题，它要求考生确定文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思(一个单词可能有多个意思，但在给定选项中只有一个选项与该单词在阅读文章中的意思相符)。这种题型总的来说还是比较简单的，但这种题型中的“陷阱”即“熟词僻义” 让考生们头痛不已。

所谓“熟词僻义”也就是词汇题中所考查的单词尽管考生比较熟悉，对其常用含义也了解，但恰恰题目中考查的是该单词在阅读文章中的意思，而该意思是考生所不熟的。而往往考生们受该单词常用含义的影响，导致选错答案。比如“calling”一词的常用含义为“呼喊、召唤”，而新托福阅读中则可能考到该词的“职业、天职”的含义。

欲应对此“陷阱”，建议考生们在备考中扩大自己词汇量的同时，掌握猜测单词意思的技巧(利用上下文、构词法等)，同时注意这种题型主要考查单词在文章里面的意思，建议考生们在选出答案后把答案放回原文进行检验。

陷阱二：题干中设陷阱

有很多人仗着知道不少托福阅读技巧很轻松地就中招了，题干中的陷阱主要出现在否定排除题，即俗称的“三缺一”题型中，题目4个选项中有3个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。该题题干中要么会出现大写的“NOT”，要么会出现大写的“EXCEPT”，比如：

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s deion of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT…

而考生们在做题过程中往往会遗忘掉题干中的“NOT”和“EXCEPT”，选出一个和文章内容相符的选项，最终在不知不觉中已经丢掉唾手可得的分数。

建议考生考试时一定要细心、镇静，尤其要特别注意这种题型中的“NOT”或“EXCEPT”，并且谨记：这种题目的答案要么是选项内容原文没提到，要么根据原文内容选项是错误的。

陷阱三：定位信息陷阱

新托福阅读题的定位其实不难，但前提是定位信息要选准，也就是定位的点要对。通常情况下我们优先选择作为定位信息的是：专有名词、术语、物质名词、特殊名称等，但在做题过程中要具体情况具体分析，考生们千万不可以一刀切。如备考指导 Practice Test 2的第七题中题干为“Paragraph 2 suggests that which ofthe following is one of the most important factors in determining differences in feedingpreferences of East African herbivores?” 该题干中有专有名词“East African”，如果考生们用该词定位，肯定会导致无法定位到该题对应文章内容的准确位置。无法准确定位，必然耗时，而且影响考试心情。实际上考生们在考试时应该注意该篇文章的标题为“FEEDING HABITS OF EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES”，标题中已经出现“EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES”，因此我们可以得知该篇文章整篇都是关于EAST AFRICANHERBIVORES的，如果还是以它为定位词，肯定定位不到所需信息的准确位置。而该题的定位信息应该为“differences in feeding preferences”。

陷阱四：选项中陷阱重重

这也是给托福提高成绩造成最大麻烦的地方。直接事实题中，有的选项重复文章中的信息，但并没有回答问题。这样的选项最容易迷惑考生。对此，建议考生们在做直接事实题时直接排除那些本身就矛盾的选项，同时千万不要因为某个选项内容在文章中出现过就选择该选项，一定要回答问题。

句子简化题中有的选项内容和原文相符，但忽略了原文重要信息，这样的选项最容易误导考生。建议考生在做题时要仔细研读文章中所标识的句子，根据标点和关联词把句子按照义群拆分为几个部分，学会长句短读，迅速找出句子的主句，也就是主谓宾或者主系表。

修辞目的题中，选项中出现的是例子，即作者说了什么，但这种题考查的是作者为什么这样说。建议考生们在做题时注意字眼definition、example、to illustrate、to explain、to criticize等。

推论类问题中，选项重复原文信息，也就是选项为原文直接清楚表述的内容，这样的选项也容易误导考生。建议考生们注意在解答此类问题时，不仅要理解作者所写出的句子的字面意思，还必须搞清楚这些句子之间的逻辑性暗示。正确答案一定是从原文中已经给出的内容推论出来的。

托福阅读如何拿到28分

分数要求

想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题

阅读时间：

15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。(官方要求是20分钟一篇)

13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的TPO一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期TPO。

在题目上一般是(细节词汇，细节作用，细节词汇，细节词汇改写，细节词汇，黑点大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20分钟一般都是够用的。

我的阅读障碍：

速度：1’大概150-170字，生词量一般而且前后不出现感觉自相矛盾需要停下来想的情况下。

选项：词汇量一般，有时词汇题的相似词汇不造句都感觉不出区别。

新托福阅读真题训练技巧：

1，粗看下文章的段数，对每段大概几道题有个预期。(比如只有5段，那长段肯定是3道题)粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。

2，每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。(就算只有一道词汇题，这段的段首也要读)

3，每读一段整理一次逻辑，A支持的观点是，A的观点的问题是B的观点是。。。(记忆法，图像帮助理解，逻辑帮助记忆，生成图像来理解含义，对逻辑部分用色彩记忆红黄绿记忆法，每一段的第一句作为逻辑中心标记黄色，这段如果讲倒推如原因，在脑中的逻辑框架就在红色的区域生成记忆，如果正推将后果等就在绿色区域生成图像，读完全文留下来的会是每一排都是红黄绿三色的逻辑关系，每一段都纵向罗列，如下)红——黄——绿

红——黄——绿

4，鉴于每段都会出细节题，如果有词汇题等先只看一句话，做完了要看到细节题问的什么再看文章，鉴于有四个选项，选一个对的或者不对的，看的时候自己要边看边总结，比如总结出三个步骤，解释了三个方面的问题，或者其他。5，要检查，每个不确定的题都标上guess回来看，我不确定的题错的概率还是非常高的。如果不走神的理解全文，一般15分钟是够的，还能剩下几分钟检查。

新托福阅读真题做题策略：

词汇题、句子改写题——只读该句不读完整段(30‘ _ + 1’_1)耗时3分钟

词汇题看好单词的词性、发出者(是人，是物)，保持一致的最对，看这一句即可。

In the past,whole cities grew from the arduoustask of cutting and piling stone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes

Mountains

of Peru.猜词是保证不了完全准了，根据意思，这道题排除BD，剩下AC很是纠结，但是看task本身，skilled task这种说法小奇怪，一般是skilled workers，所以选A

The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared

词汇题对于我一直是难点超爱错，猜出来的，如果有时间检查一定要再看一下，从ETS出题的角度考虑。

托福阅读练习：jazz的完整历史

The roots of jazz

The folk songs and plantation dance music of black Americans contributed much to early jazz. These forms of music occurred throughout the Southern United States during the late 1800's.

Ragtime, a musical style that influenced early jazz, emerged from the St. Louis, Mo., area in the late 1890's. It quickly became the most popular music style in the United States. Ragtime was an energetic and syncopated variety of music, primarily for the piano, that emphasized formal composition.

The blues is a form of music that has always been an important part of jazz. The blues was especially widespread in the American South. Its mournful scale and simple repeated harmonies helped shape the character of jazz. Jazz instrumentalists have long exploited the blues as a vehicle for improvisation.

Early jazz.

Fully developed jazz music probably originated in New Orleans at the beginning of the 1900's. New Orleans style jazz emerged from the city's own musical traditions of band music for black funeral processions and street parades. Today, this type of jazz is sometimes called classic jazz, traditional jazz, or Dixieland jazz. New Orleans was the musical home of the first notable players and composers of jazz, including cornetists Buddy Bolden and King Oliver, cornetist and trumpeter Louis Armstrong, saxophonist and clarinetist Sidney Bechet, and pianist Jelly Roll Morton.

Jazz soon spread from New Orleans to other parts of the country. Fate Marable led a New Orleans band that played on riverboats traveling up and down the Mississippi River. King Oliver migrated to Chicago, and Jelly Roll Morton performed throughout the United States. Five white musicians formed a band in New Orleans, played in Chicago, and traveled to New York City, calling themselves the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (the spelling was soon changed to “Jazz”). This group made the earliest jazz phonograph recordings in 1917. Mamie Smith recorded “Crazy Blues” in 1920, and recordings of ragtime, blues, and jazz of various kinds soon popularized the music to a large and eager public.

The 1920's

The 1920's have been called the golden age of jazz or the jazz age. Commercial radio stations, which first appeared in the 1920's, featured live performances by the growing number of jazz musicians. New Orleans; Memphis; St. Louis; Kansas City, Missouri; Chicago; Detroit; and New York City were all important centers of jazz.

A group of Midwest youths, many from Chicago's Austin High School, developed a type of improvisation and arrangement that became known as “Chicago style” jazz. These musicians included trumpeters Jimmy McPartland and Muggsy Spanier; cornetist Bix Beiderbecke; clarinetists Frank Teschemacher, Pee Wee Russell, Mezz Mezzrow, and Benny Goodman; saxophonists Frankie Trumbauer and Bud Freeman; drummers Dave Tough, George Wettling, and Gene Krupa; and guitarist Eddie Condon. They played harmonically inventive music, and the technical ability of some of the players, especially Goodman, was at a higher level than that of many earlier performers.

In New York City, James P. Johnson popularized a new musical style from ragtime called stride piano. In stride piano, the left hand plays alternating single notes and chords that move up and down the scale while the right hand plays solo melodies, accompanying rhythms, and interesting chordal passages. Johnson strongly influenced other jazz pianists, notably Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Art Tatum, Fats Waller, and Teddy Wilson.

Fletcher Henderson was the first major figure in big band jazz. In 1923, he became the first leader to organize a jazz band into sections of brass, reed, and rhythm instruments. His arranger, Don Redman, was the first to master the technique of scoring music for big bands. Various Henderson bands of the 1920's and 1930's included such great jazz instrumentalists as Louis Armstrong and saxophonists Benny Carter and Coleman Hawkins.

Armstrong made some of his most famous recordings with his own Hot Five and Hot Seven combos from 1925 to 1928. These recordings rank among the masterpieces of jazz, along with his duo recordings of the same period with pianist Earl “Fatha” Hines. Armstrong also became the first well-known male jazz singer, and popularized scat singing-that is, wordless syllables sung in an instrumental manner.

During the late 1920's and early 1930's, jazz advanced from relatively simple music played by performers who often could not read music to a more complex and sophisticated form. Among the musicians who brought about this change were saxophonists Benny Carter, Coleman Hawkins, and Johnny Hodges; the team of violinist Joe Venuti and guitarist Eddie Lang; and pianist Art Tatum. Many people consider Tatum the most inspired and technically gifted improviser in jazz history.

The swing era flourished from the mid-1930's to the mid-1940's. In 1932, Duke Ellington recorded his composition “It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing.” “Swing” was soon adopted as the name of the newest style of jazz. Swing emphasizes four beats to the bar. Big bands dominated the swing era, especially those of Count Basie, Benny Goodman, and Duke Ellington.

Benny Goodman became known as the “King of Swing.” Starting in 1934, Goodman's bands and combos brought swing to nationwide audiences through ballroom performances, recordings, and radio broadcasts. Goodman was the first white bandleader to feature black and white musicians playing together in public performances. In 1936, he introduced two great black soloists-pianist Teddy Wilson and vibraphonist Lionel Hampton. Until then, racial segregation had held back the progress of jazz and of black musicians in particular. In 1938, Goodman and his band, and several guest musicians, performed a famous concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Their performance was one of the first by jazz musicians in a concert hall setting.

Other major bands of the swing era included those led by Benny Carter, Bob Crosby, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Woody Herman, Earl Hines, Andy Kirk, Jimmie Lunceford, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Chick Webb, and, toward the end of the period, Stan Kenton. The bands in Kansas City, Missouri, especially the Count Basie band, had a distinctive swing style. These bands relied on the 12-bar blues form and riff backgrounds, which consisted of repeated simple melodies. They depended less heavily on written arrangements, allowing more leeway for rhythmic drive and for extended solo improvisations.

Boogie-woogie

Boogie-woogie was another jazz form that became popular during the 1930's. Chiefly a piano style, it used eight beats to the bar instead of four. Boogie-woogie featured the traditional blues pattern for most themes. The music had an intense quality that created excitement through the repetition of a single phrase. Albert Ammons, Pete Johnson, Meade Lux Lewis, and Pinetop Smith were among its most important artists.

Jazz vocalists came into prominence during the swing era, many singing with big bands. Many fine jazz singers emphasized popular songs. These singers included Mildred Bailey, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Nat “King” Cole, Carmen McRae, and Sarah Vaughan. Blues singing at its best can be heard in recordings by Jimmy Rushing, Jack Teagarden, Joe Turner, and Dinah Washington. In addition to singing, Nat “King” Cole was a superb jazz pianist and Jack Teagarden was a great jazz trombonist. See also Special Reports: Ella Fitzgerald: First Lady of Song.

Bebop

In the early 1940's, a group of young musicians began experimenting with more complicated chord patterns and melodic ideas in a combo setting. The group included trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, pianists Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk, and drummers Kenny Clarke and Max Roach. The style they developed became known as bebop or bop.

Most bop musicians had an exceptional technique. They played long, dazzling phrases with many notes, difficult intervals, unexpected breaks, and unusual turns in melodic direction. On slower tunes, they displayed a keen ear for subtle changes of harmony. Only extremely skilled musicians were able to play bebop well, and only sophisticated listeners at first appreciated it.

In bebop performances, musicians usually played an intricate melody, followed with long periods of solo improvisation, and restated the theme at the end. The bassist presented the basic beat for the group by plucking a steady, moving bass line. The drummer elaborated the beat with sticks or brushes on cymbals, snare drum, and tom-tom. The bass drum was reserved for unexpected accents called “bombs.” The pianist inserted complex chords at irregular intervals to suggest, rather than state, the complete harmonies of the piece.

Hard bop

Bebop was followed in the 1950's by hard bop, or funk, jazz. This form emphasized some of the traditional values of jazz derived from gospel and blues music, including rhythmic drive, uninhibited tone and volume, and freedom from restricting arrangements. The hard bop leaders were drummer Art Blakey and pianist Horace Silver. Blakey led a combo called the Jazz Messengers from the mid-1950's until his death in 1990. The Jazz Messengers served as a training ground for many of the greatest soloists in jazz history. Trumpeter Clifford Brown and drummer Max Roach were co-leaders of another outstanding hard bop combo.

Cool jazz

Cool jazz originated in the works of such musicians as tenor saxophonist Lester Young, who starred with Count Basie, and guitarist Charlie Christian, who played with Benny Goodman. In the late 1930's and early 1940's, these musicians made changes in the sound and style of jazz improvisation. For example, they softened the tones of their instruments, used syncopation more subtly, and played with a more even beat.

In 1948, tenor saxophonist Stan Getz recorded a slow, romantic solo of Ralph Burns's composition “Early Autumn” with the Woody Herman band. This work profoundly influenced many younger musicians. In 1949 and 1950, a group of young musicians that included trumpeter Miles Davis, alto saxophonist Lee Konitz, baritone saxophonist Gerry Mulligan, and arranger Gil Evans recorded several new compositions. These recordings emphasized a lagging beat, soft instrumental sounds, and unusual orchestrations that included the first successful use of the French horn and the tuba in modern jazz. The recordings, with Davis as leader, were later released as Birth of the Cool.

During the 1950's, many combos became identified with the cool movement. Some of the most successful combos were the Gerry Mulligan Quartet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, and the Dave Brubeck Quartet.

The spread of jazz.

In the 1940's and 1950's, the sophisticated forms of bebop and cool jazz began to gain wide acceptance among intellectuals and college students. Jazz concerts became popular. Groups of jazz stars made a series of international tours called Jazz at the Philharmonic. The international growth of jazz resulted in many successful overseas tours by U.S. bands and combos.

The introduction of the 331/3 rpm long-playing (LP) record, which was first produced commercially in 1948, also helped spread the popularity of jazz. For 30 years, jazz recordings had been limited to 78 rpm records that restricted performances to about 3 minutes in length. The LP allowed recorded performances to run many minutes. The LP also permitted a number of shorter performances to be issued on a single record.

During the 1950's, musicians in other countries began to improve greatly as jazz performers as they were exposed to performances by American musicians through recordings and concerts. Sweden, France, Germany, Japan, and other countries developed players and composers whose work compared favorably with that of the leading Americans. The first foreign jazz musicians to influence Americans were Belgian-born guitarist Django Reinhardt in the late 1930's, and George Shearing, a blind, English-born pianist who immigrated to the United States in 1947.

In 1954, the first large American jazz festival was held at Newport, Rhode Island. Since then, annual festivals also have been held in Monterey, California; New York City; Chicago; Nice, France; Montreux, Switzerland; Warsaw, Poland; Berlin, Germany; and many other locations throughout the world. These festivals have featured almost all of the most popular jazz musicians and have introduced many extended concert works.

New directions

Beginning in the 1950's, jazz became even more experimental. Jazz music began to feature nontraditional instruments, such as French horn and bass flute. Jazz musicians began to take an interest in non-Western music, especially the modes (different arrangements of scales), melodic forms, and instruments of Africa, India, and the Far East.

In the late 1950's, John Lewis, musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet, worked with classical musician and composer Gunther Schuller to write and play orchestral works that combined elements of modern jazz and classical concert music. Stan Kenton also played this so-called third stream music when he toured the United States with a 40-piece orchestra.

Also during this period, pianist George Russell developed a jazz theory of modes. In 1959, the Miles Davis combo, with pianist Bill Evans and saxophonists John Coltrane and Cannonball Adderley, recorded compositions and improvised solos based on modes rather than on patterns of chords.

In 1960, saxophonist Ornette Coleman reshaped the thinking of younger jazz musicians when he recorded the album Free Jazz with a double quartet. In this recording, Coleman discarded harmony, melody, and regular rhythms. He substituted unstructured improvisation played atonally (in no definite key). Pianist Cecil Taylor and bassist Charles Mingus conducted similar atonal experiments.

In the 1960's, the influence of the music of India entered jazz through the adaptations of John Coltrane. Jazz musicians also began to use more unusual meters, such as 5/4, 7/4, and 9/8.

Fusion

In the 1970's, many musicians blended jazz and rock music into fusion jazz. Fusion combined the melodic and improvisational aspects of jazz with the rhythms and instruments of rock. Electronic music played an important part in fusion. Jazz pianists began exploring the increased sound potential of synthesizers. Horn and string players began to use electronics to intensify, distort, or multiply their sounds. Many well-known jazz musicians gained new popularity by playing fusion. Some of the best-known fusion musicians were guitarist George Benson, trumpeters Donald Byrd and Miles Davis, pianist Herbie Hancock, and two combos, Weather Report and the Mahavishnu Orchestra.

At the same time, many veteran jazz musicians retained their popularity by leading groups that played in the swing, bebop, and cool styles. These leaders included Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Woody Herman, Gerry Mulligan, and Oscar Peterson.

Recent developments

During the 1980's, a number of young jazz musicians returned to mainstream jazz. Mainstream jazz includes elements of the swing, cool, and bebop styles. The most widely acclaimed young musician of the 1980's was trumpeter Wynton Marsalis, a performer of both jazz and classical music. Marsalis plays with brilliant technique and tone. He and his brother, saxophonist Branford Marsalis, have led excellent hard bop combos.

Many young musicians continued to forge ahead with fusion groups. Two of the most respected fusion artists are the brothers trumpeter Randy Brecker and saxophonist Michael Brecker. Jane Ira Bloom also displays a mastery of the soprano saxophone and the synthesizer.

In the 1990's, jazz was dominated by a blend of older values and more modern styles. Many musicians favored acoustical over electronic instruments, formal structure over total freedom, and a sense of history over harsh modernity. Music of older artists continued to gain respect and followers. For example, bands devoted to the music of Count Basie and Charles Mingus became popular. Veteran musicians, such as trombonist J. J. Johnson and saxophonists Joe Henderson and Sonny Rollins, found new audiences among younger listeners.

The young musicians who energized jazz in the 1980's had become establishment figures by the end of the 1990's. They included trumpeters Roy Hargrove and Wynton Marsalis, guitarist Pat Metheny, trombonists Steve Turre and Ray Anderson, and pianist Chick Corea. A younger group of musicians also gained popularity, focusing on “straight-ahead jazz” that reflected earlier mainstream styles. They included saxophonists Joshua Redman and Donald Harrison, bassist Christian McBride, trumpeter Terence Blanchard, and pianist Marcus Roberts. At the same time, the free jazz style of the 1960's continued strong throughout the 1990's in the playing of saxophonists Steve Lacy and Roscoe Mitchell, pianist John Zorn, and their young followers.

Today, jazz continues to feature a variety of styles. Many musicians play in historic styles, such as swing and bebop. Others seek a more experimental approach. For example, the Art Ensemble of Chicago blends free jazz, African costumes and makeup, exotic instruments, and surprise techniques into theatrical musical events. Ornette Coleman's group, called Prime Time, mixes free and fusion jazz in new and interesting ways.

Electronics technology is gaining a greater role in jazz music. Such young jazz composers as Michael Daugherty are demonstrating that live musicians can interact creatively with computer-generated sound. Some artists have attempted new fusion sounds that blended jazz with such forms as rap music.

篇4：做好托福阅读推断题把握作者意图是解题关键

做好托福阅读推断题把握作者意图是解题关键

托福阅读推断题题型解读

大家知道推断题最经典的一个定义是OG上有这么一句话，“……在文章中强烈暗示但并没有明确说明的。”

强调在文中暗示，意思是说你依然要回到原文中，也就是说他的作题步骤和信息题基本是一致的，要去把握原文给你的信息并加以判断。但是它又说文中没有明确说明，这是跟信息题最大的区别：文中没有明白地跟你说清楚。

在我们日常生活中有很多这样的例子，比如，“以前我在杭州的时候还是蛮帅的。”其实这句话的隐含意思是我不如以前帅。

还听过一个TED演讲，女嘉宾说“我们女人上完厕所是要洗手的，我们女人坐完公交车是要洗手的，我们女人点完钞票是要洗手的……总之我们女人干什么都要洗手。”听完之后大家什么感受呢?好像一直说男人不洗手一样。

所以你发现这些我们日常生活中很多讲话的例子都没有把话讲明白，但是我们能听得明白他说的是什么意思。在托福阅读中，这样的推断比比皆是。我给大家的建议是，在托福阅读当中的推断，都不是基于严格的判断，如果基于严格的逻辑判断，可能有多个意图，但如果从作者写作的意图判断，其实只有一个意思。我们用题目来理解。

托福阅读推断题实例讲解

Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?

■ They become less stable as they mature.

■ They support many species when they reach climax.

■ They are found in temperate zones.

■ They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.

这个题目是个推断题，其中有infer。题目问的是redwood forests红木森林，可以在文中轻易定位。你发现那句话所在的句子表示一个例子，说一旦红木森林成熟了，那么生长在红木森林底部的物种.种类和数量反而减少了。

大家要注意，不管是什么题目，如果你读到一个例子，绝对不能孤立去读这个例子。因为这样我们就不明白为什么作者讲这句话，你要回到前句的观点中去明白作者用这个例子来说明什么。

前句的观点我们一起连着读，它说至少在温带地区生物的最大多样性不出现在群落最高峰的时候，而是在群落发展的中间阶段。下一句话说，红木森林当它成熟的时候数量跟种类反而减少了。这其实是很好的一个匹配的例子。最后答案大家会轻易选出C。

三段式推论实例介绍

在这里你发现其实作者运用了一个很常见的三段论的推论。什么叫三段论呢?由大前提和小前提推出一个结论。

举例来看：

大前提：三班同学学习很认真。

小前提：小明是三班的。

结论：小明学习很认真。

然而，如果换成：

大前提：三班同学学习很认真。

小前提：小明学习很认真。

结论：小明是三班的。

其实你发现并不能得出这个结论，他可能是四班的，他也很认真。所以我们再回来看刚刚的那个推断题。前面讲在温带地区有这么一个规律，然后说红木森林符合这样的一个规律，你能不能得出红木森林就一定是温带地区的呢?这是存在逻辑错误的，但是正确答案还是选C。

所以我们总结，托福阅读不是真正严格的逻辑考察，它是在考你作者讲话的意图。因为托福不像GRE，GMAT是严格的逻辑考试，托福是一种语言考试，它考察的是在语言交际中的讲话意图。

作者讲了一个温带地区的规律，举出的例子必是温带地区的例子。如果他举一个热带地区的例子，那有什么意义呢?这说明了在推断题中，你要理解作者的意图，作者的意图甚至比逻辑更加重要。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：roots or rootlike...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

They include roots or rootlike structures, a waxy cuticle that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water, and pores called stomata in leaves and stems that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss.

词汇讲解：

waxy /'w?ks?/ adj. 蜡状的

cuticle /'kj?t?kl/ n. ‘植物’角皮，角质层;表皮，外皮

scarce /ske?s/ adj. 不足的，稀有的

结构划分：

They include roots or rootlike structures, (a waxy cuticle)(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water), and pores (called stomata)(in leaves and stems)(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

They include roots or rootlike structures and pores

修饰一：(a waxy cuticle) ，同位语

中文：一种蜡状角质层

修饰二：(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water) ，从句，修饰a waxy cuticle

中文：覆盖在叶子和茎表面并且限制水分蒸发

修饰三：(called stomata) ，修饰pores

中文：称之为气孔

修饰四：(in leaves and stems) ，介词短语

中文：在叶子和茎上

修饰五：(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss) ，从句，修饰pores，但是注意这个从句里还有三个修饰成分。

从句：but close

从句：when water is scarce

非谓语动词： thus reducingwater loss

中文：保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失

参考翻译：

他们包括根部或类似根部的结构(一种覆盖在叶子和茎表面并限制水分蒸发的蜡状角质层)以及在叶子和茎上的称之为气孔的毛孔(这些毛孔保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失)。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：abundance is notable...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) where the labor that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds(fragments of pottery) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation.

结构划分：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements (especially urban sites) (where the labor (that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases ofexcavation).

深度分析：

这个句子主干就是：

This abundance is notable in Roman settlements

这个句子理解的难点在于，where从句里中间有一个定语从句，把the labor和constitute隔开了，大家注意这样一个问题。这个问题只要能够理解，速读就不是问题了。

修饰一：(where the labor constitutes a high proportion of the total work during the initial phases of excavation)，从句

中文：在这些地方劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例

修饰二：(that archaeologists have to put into the washing and sorting of potsherds (fragments of pottery)) ，从句，修饰labor，难点就在于这个从句的理解，其实就是put the labor into the washing and storing of pots herds

中文：考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳

参考翻译：

这种丰富性在罗马居住点(尤其在城市)很明显，在这些地方考古学家花在清洗分类陶瓷碎片上的劳动占了挖掘初期总工作量的很高的比例。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：results from other types...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program,taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.

结构划分：

(In addition), results (from other types of preschool readiness programs)indicate that those (who participate and graduate) are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete school than readiness program, (for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干：results indicate that

后面从句是一个并列结构：those are less like to repeat grades, and they are more likely to complete schoolthan readiness program

修饰一：(In addition)，介词短语

中文：另外

修饰二：(from other types of preschool readiness programs)，介词短语

中文：来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目

修饰三：(who participate and graduate)，从句，修饰those

中文：参加并且毕业

修饰四：(for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.)，从句

注意从句里面还有一个从句，即by the time+从句 the graduates reached the age of 27，此处的by the time可看成连词，像anytime/every time/the moment一样。

中文：因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元

参考翻译：

另外，来自其他类型的学龄前预备项目的结果表明：那些参加过学前项目并毕业的人重读可能性更少，他们更愿意完成学校而不是预备项目，因为花在这个项目的每一美元，在毕业生27岁时，纳税人可以节约7美元。

篇5：详解托福口语Task1解题时出现的问题及处理方法

详解托福口语Task1解题时出现的问题及处理方法

接下来我们一起分析一下：

(一)第一题--简单原则，即：没有对错之分，只要自圆其说即可

第一题是开放性话题，内容涉及4个大方面：人、物、地、事。要求考生在15秒钟的准备时间之后，用45秒来回答问题。这些问题都是最身边、最生活、最简单的话题，考生只要用最简单的语言答问题之所问即可。有些时候用一些比较复杂的词汇或者句子结构反而会成为口语熟练表达的桎梏。因此脑海中最先闪现的词或结构就可以摘来使用，当然这些词汇和结构要求恰当、合适。

(二)考生通常遇到的问题

<1>整体来看--语调缺乏起伏;流利度不够;流利但是发音不清晰，语调太平;衔接性不强。

<2>语言应用方面--用词不当(大词小用);句子结构有误;有明显的语法错误--思想混乱，三单、过去式形式错误，男女不分。

<3>话题开展方面--有理由，没细节;只有细节，没有提炼出理由;语言空洞，理由和细节不能支撑所持观点。

<4>中英转换时找不到合适且恰当的英文表达。如果考生出现了上述所有问题，那自然分数低的“可观”;一般考生只会出现上述个别现象，所以只要对症下药，就可取得比较高的分数。

(三)解决方案

1、每天的发音练习必不可少--至少坚持一个月。大家要记住：语音方面，如果不是糟糕的不可救药的话，都是可以纠正过来的，所以首先要对自己充满信心。那么到底要练习哪些音呢?其实就是国际音标中的6个困扰音，即中国考生最不容易发到位的音--[ɑ:]、[e]、[ei]、[ai]、[au];考生必须对着镜子把嘴型做到位，不断读这6个音，同时也要读其相关的单词，每天至少要练习30分钟。

2、选择合适跟读材料，每天跟读30分钟--不必花费心思挑选跟读材料，只要跟读我们的听力材料即可，比如红、蓝色Delta中的听力材料，尤其是跟读简单的对话材料(因为其内容比较生活化，有些短语可借鉴到口语内容里)注意模仿其语音语调，至少跟读3遍，并且总结其中的常用英语短语表达。

3、每天10分钟的口语小段子--谨遵第一题根本原则--最生活，每天用10分钟的时间完成一篇口语小段子，内容是一天当中任何值得纪念的人、物、事、地，字数在93-107字。写完后纠正出语法错误，然后熟读自己写的段子，继续完善。完善后，尽量做到脱稿复述出来，要求流利且注意到语音语调;期间最重要的事情就是总结常用口语的地道英文表达，并且通过不断实践，不断使用来熟练掌握这些表达，为口语考试打好基础。

适合托福口语练习的精彩电影推荐

看电影学英语受到很多口语高手的推崇，下面为大家推荐几部适合练习托福口语几部的精彩电影。

一.遇见你之前 Me Before You

Louisa Clark是一个年轻又活泼的小镇女孩，不久前突然被咖啡馆解雇(1.being laid off from a café)，家境不好，学历不高的她，无奈之下只好接下一份需要细心与专业技巧的工作：成为一名四肢瘫痪病人的全职看护(2.caregiver)。到了病人家中，她才发现看护对象是一名因车祸导致全身瘫痪的(3.completely paralyzed) 年轻人Will Traynor。威尔年轻英俊，博学富有，过去热爱旅行冒险，却因一场车祸(a motorcycle accident)而一蹶不振，变得自暴自弃又愤世嫉俗;生性乐观的小露向他展示生命的美好。为了让威尔重新展开笑颜，小露使出浑身解数，两人都得到宝贵的的意外收获，重新找到人生与心灵的归属。

词汇详解：

1. lay sb↔off to stop employing sb because there is not enough work for them to do 解雇

2. paralysed verb[often passive]~ sb to make sb unable to feel or move all or part of their body 使瘫痪

The accident left himparalysed from the waist down.

那场事故使他腰部以下瘫痪。

3. caregiver nouna person whotakes care of a sick or old person at home 家庭护理员

二.王牌特工：特工学院 Kingsman：The Secret Service

Harry Hart 是英国秘密特工组织(1. & 2. an elite secret spy organization) Kingsman 中的一员，某次行动中，他的战友不幸牺牲，哈里将一枚徽章和一个电话号码交给了战友年幼的小儿子“Eggsy” Unwin ，叮嘱他将来如果遇到了什么麻烦可以拨打这个号码，然而，这样的机会只能使用一次。

一晃眼十七年过去，破碎的家庭让Eggsy成长为了一个整日无所事事的小混混，某日，因为违反交通规则而遭到逮捕Eggsy使用了手中珍贵的号码，赶来的哈里在Eggsy玩世不恭的外表之下发现了他善良的本质和极高的天赋，于是，哈里决定将Eggsy培养成为新一代Kingsman，他们需要共同面对的是强大而又邪恶的亿万富翁Valentine。

词汇详解：

1. elite a group of people in a society, etc. whoare powerful and have a lot of influence, because they are rich, intelligent,etc. 社会精英

a member of the ruling/intellectual elite上层统治集团成员

In these countries, only the elite can afford an education for theirchildren. 在这些国家，只有上层人士才供得起子女上学。

2. spy

a person who tries to get secret information about another country,organization or person, especially sb who is employed by a government or thepolice间谍

He was denounced as a foreign spy.有人告发他是外国间谍。

三.火星救援 The Martian

载人航天宇宙飞船a mannedspaceship宇航员 Mark Watney成功抵达火星，谁知一场破坏力极其巨大的风暴a fierce storm向宇航员们Astronauts袭来，阿瑞斯3号被迫中断任务，紧急返航。撤离途中，宇航员Mark 被飞船上吹落的零件击中，由于生还希望渺茫，队友们crewmates只得匆匆返航，并向世人宣告他已牺牲的事实。出乎意料的是，马克以极低的概率活了下来survived。他躲进驻火星的航天基地疗伤。下一次火星任务要等到四年后，而基地内的补给supplies仅够他维持31天。短暂的绝望后，Mark决定利用有限的食物，在这颗空无一人的星球上种植作物，寻找一线生机。与此同时，地球方面也很快发现Mark生还的事实，他们想尽办法部署营救计划rescue mission。

词汇详解：

1. survive[transitive] to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time 幸存

The companymanaged to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过难关。

Few buildingssurvived the war intact. 战争之后没几座完好的建筑了

2. supplythe things suchas food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, forexample an army or expedition 补给

Our supplieswere running out.我们的补给快用完了。

a transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees 一架为难民运动食物和医疗用品的运输机。

3. rescuenoun[uncountable] the act of saving sb/sth from a dangerous or difficult situation;the fact of being saved 营救

We had given uphope of rescue. 我们那时已经放弃了营救的希望。

a mountain rescue team 登山救援队

an occasion when sb/sth is saved from a dangerous or difficult situation 营救行动

给大家推荐的三篇电影中都有爱情Romantic，有谍战，还有科幻storiesSpySci-fi，大家可以选择自己喜欢的类型，建议看电影的同时注意英文表达的积累，尽量选择包含中英双语字幕的视频。最后祝大家能在愉快的氛围中提升自己的英语水平。