初中英语语法分类详细介绍

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初中英语语法分类详细介绍(合集8篇)由网友“金泰茶具”投稿提供,下面是小编为大家整理后的初中英语语法分类详细介绍,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

初中英语语法分类详细介绍

篇1:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密,本不该拆开来讲,可是篇幅有限,只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单,告诉我是什么?对!是to+动词原形。当然啦,to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢? Listen to me carefully.

不定式省to有四种情况:

使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如:Let him go! 让他走!

would rather,had better后。如:You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。

Why... / why not...后。如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?

感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补,省to。如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。

注意:这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟! 如:The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句:They were made to work the whole night.

不定式的特殊用法:

It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,但如果动词不定式太长,显得头重脚轻的,那么我们就可用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。

如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)

不定式还可以充当句子的宾语,但有些动词,如find,think,believe 等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。

如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。

还有一点:动词不定式,还可用在how,when,where,what,which 等疑问代词或副词之后,与其共同作宾语。如:I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?

too...to...和enough...to:too...to表达“太 ... 一致于不能...”。

enough ... to 表达 “足以...”。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。

The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了,我提不动。

He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说,他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三,应用自如。你记住了吗?

好吧,再试一把趁热打铁!

练习:

1. Tell him ___ the window.

A. to close not

B. not to close

C. to not close

D. not close

2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.

A. say

B. speak

C. tell

D. talk

4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

5. ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________?

A. to pick them up

B. to pick up them

C. pick it up

D. pick up it

7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.

A. to wake up

B. send for

C. to pay for

D. pay for

8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.

A. to be

B. to

C. be

D. being

9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.

A. not take out

B. not to take down

C. not take off

D. not to take away

10. My mother told me ________more water.

A. drinking

B. drank

C. to drink

D. drink

实战:

1. You'd better _______read in the sun.

A. not to

B. not

C. don't

D. to

2. You aren't a new driver, are you? _______.

A. No, I am

B. Yes, I'm not

C. No, you are

D. Yes, I am

3. Must I stay here now?_________.

A. No, you mustn't

B. No, you needn't

C. Yes, you can

D. Yes, you may

4. There is _______ “s” in the word “bus”.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

5. Neithere of us ______a doctor.

A. is

B. isn't

C. are

D. aren't

6. Who was the first in the girls'_________race?

A. 400 metre

B. 400-metre

C. 400 metres

D. 400-metres

7. It's too noisy here, I can't _______.

A. go to sleep

B. fall to sleep

C. sleeping

D. get to sleep

8. The story happened ________ the evening of October 20, 1995.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. to

9. Could I speak to Mr Gao, please? ________. He has gone to the hospital.

A. I think so

B. Certainly, you can

C. I'm afraid not

D. I'm not sure

10. I'm sorry to trouble you, Miss Hu. ________.

A. Fine, thank you.

B. All right.

C. It's very kind of you .

D. It doesn't matter.

11. Can you tell me where________?

A. is the post office

B. the post office is

C. does the post office

D. the post office does

12. In England, the first name is _______name, but in China, the first name is ______ name.

A. family, given

B. given, family

C. family, family

D. given, given

13. Li Ping met an old friend of _______ on a train yesterday.

A. he

B. him

C. his

D. her

14. Kate is ________ girl.

A. a eighteen-year-old

B. a eighteen-years-old

C. an eighteen -years-old

D. an eighteen-year-old

15. Our city is getting ________.

A. beautiful and beautiful

B. beautifuler and beautifuler

C. more and more beautiful

D. more beautifler and more beautifuler

篇2:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

动词不定式的形式

1.作主语。 如:

To learn English is very important.

但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。

如上句可表达为:

It's very important to learn English.

2.作表语。 如:

My idea is to ring him up at once.

3.作宾语。 如:

I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4.作宾语补足语。

a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。

如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。

如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

5.作定语。

a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。

如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。

如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。

如: I have no time to play cards.

6.作状语,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。

如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7.不定式复合结构“for sb. to do sth” 作主语时,常用“It is +adj+ forof sb. to do sth”的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,right, wrong, careful等用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.”其他形容词用 for。

如:

It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

It's very kind of you to help me.

8.动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。

如: I don't know when to start.

He didn't tell me where to go.

但上面结构相当于一个从句,故上述句子也可表达为:

I don't know when we'll start.

He didn't tell me where he would go.

注意:

a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。

如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些动词后可接不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式,但意思不同。

如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)

Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

篇3:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

动词的种类

动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的`作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。

1.行为动词

行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。

如:

More and more people study English.(vt)

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2.连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

如:

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

It feels damp.

3.助动词

助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

如:

How do you usually come to school?

The children are playing yo-yo now.

4.情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

如:

Can I help you?

- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的“能”;be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而“能”。

b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”,只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,它可用于各种时态。

c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。

以上对动词的种类知识的内容讲解学习,相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们在考试中取得很好的成绩。

篇4:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

短语动词的四种类型

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫短语动词。主要有四类:

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:

We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。

We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)

二、动词+介词

如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:

I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:

Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。

篇5:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

实义动词与非实义动词

根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词,read为实意动词)

He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)

篇6:初中英语语法分类详细介绍

及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如:

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)

有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:

The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。(及物用法)

He is writing. 他在写字。(不及物用法)

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。(及物用法)

The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 (不及物用法)

The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。(及物用法)

篇7:诗歌分类详细介绍

诗歌分类详细介绍

一.从诗歌的形式可分为:

1古体诗,包括古诗(唐以前的诗歌)、楚辞、乐府诗。古体诗的诗体可分为乐府、杂言、四言、五言、七言等。注意“歌”、“歌行”、“引”、“曲”、“呤”等古诗体裁的诗歌也属古体诗。古体诗不讲对仗,押韵较自由。古体诗的发展轨迹:《诗经》→楚辞→汉赋→汉乐府→魏晋南北朝民歌→建安诗歌→陶诗等文人五言诗→唐代的古风、新乐府。

2近体诗,包括律诗和绝句。诗体分为五言绝句、七言绝句、五言律诗、七言律诗等。

3词,又称为诗余、长短句、曲子、曲子词、乐府等。其特点:调有定格,句有定数,字有定声。字数不同可分为长调(91字以上)、中调(59-90字)、小令(58字以内)。词有单调和双调之分,双调就是分两大段,两段的平仄、字数是相等或大致相等的,单调只有一段。词的一段叫一阙或一片,第一段叫前阙、上阙、上片,第二段叫后阙、下阙、下片。

4曲,又称为词余、乐府。元曲包括散曲和杂剧。散曲兴起于金,兴盛于元,体式与词相近。特点:可以在字数定格外加衬字,较多使用口语。散曲包括有小令、套数(套曲)两种。套数是连贯成套的`曲子,至少是两曲,多则几十曲。每一套数都以第一首曲的曲牌作为全套的曲牌名,全套必须同一宫调。它无宾白科介,只供清唱。

5新诗(或称白话诗)

二.从诗歌的题材可分为:

1写景抒情诗,歌咏山水名胜、描写自然景色的抒情诗歌。古代有些诗人由于不满现实,常寄情于山水,通过描绘江湖风光、自然风景平寄寓自己的思想感情。这类诗常将要抒发的情感寄寓在后描写的景物之中,这就是人们常说的寓情于景。其风格清新自然。

2咏物言志诗,诗人对所咏之物的外形、特点、神韵、品格进行描摹,以寄托诗人自己的感情,表达诗人的精神、品质或理想。

3即事感怀诗,因一事由而引发诗人的感慨,如怀亲、思乡、念友等。

4怀古咏史诗,以历史典故为题材,或表明自己的看法,或借古讽今,或抒发沧桑变化的感慨。

5边塞征战诗,描写边塞风光和戍边将士的军旅生活,或抒发们乐观豪迈或相思离愁的情感,风格悲壮宏浑,笔势豪放。

篇8:初中英语语法冠词介绍

初中英语语法冠词介绍

冠词

一、冠词的概念

冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.

二、不定冠词:a/an

1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,而不是辅音字母前面, 如:a book, a desk; 有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但需用a修饰,这些单词可以连成一句话:In a university, a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing, then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing.在一所大学里,一个欧洲人联合独眼龙偷了一件有用的东西,然后沿着一条单行道逃跑了。这是一件平常的事。

2.an用于元音发音开头的词前,而不是元音字母前,如:an apple, an hour.

有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但发音却是以元音开头,这些单词可以连成一句话:An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.一个小时以前,一个诚实人接受了一项光荣的任务。

a/an的用法:

1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一…”或者“一个”的意思.

a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour

an interesting book a big dog a dangerous animal

2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物例如:???That is a pen, not a pencil.?那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)???Give him a pear, please!?请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个) An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比马大。

和 one 的区别: a/an 表示类别种类,而one强调数量

a bus (表示是一辆公交车 而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车)

one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)

There is a cat under the chair.?椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)

There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)

3.用来指某人或某物,但有不具体说明是谁或是什么,如:

A comrade from Shanghai is coming to give us a talk this afternoon.

一位来自上海的同志今天下午将给我们作报告。

My mother once worked in a school. 我母亲曾在一所学校工作。

4. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:

three times a day 10 yuan a kilo

six class a day thirty miles an hour等。

5.不定冠词a/an可用在一种职业,阶级或宗教的名称前。如:

What’s your father? He’s a doctor. 你父亲是什么职业?他是名医生。

Mr Black is now a Christian.布莱克先生现在是名基督教徒。

用在序数词前表示“再一”,“又一”,如:

You can try it a second time if you fail.如果你失败了,你可以再试一次。

7.与专有名词连用表示“某一个”,“一个叫......的`人”,如:

A John is waiting for you at the gate.一个叫约翰的人在门口等你。

8.用于说明事物同一性质、特征、程度或大小,表示“相同”,相当于the same. 如:They are all of a size.他们大小都一样。

9.和形容词最高级连用,修饰名词,表示“非常”,如:

It is a most funny story.那是一个非常滑稽的故事。

用于视为一体的两个名词之前,意为“一副、套、只”,如:

a knife and fork一副刀叉 a table and chair一套桌椅

a watch and chain一只带表链的表 a bow and arrow一副弓箭

11.固定短语:

once upon a time 从前 take a look 看一看 catch a cold 感冒 a little 一点点 a few 一点儿 have a rest 休息

三、定冠词the的用法:

1.the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。

the book in my bag the boy under the tree

the apples in the basket the hospital near my home

2.可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。

the books the book the rice the bread the football

the old man the interesting book the teachers the women

3.用法:

1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物

Do you know the girl in a red skirt??你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗??

Beijing is the capital of China.?北京是中国的首都。

2). 再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:

Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.

There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother.

3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:

Let’s go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。

Open the door,please!请打开门。

4). 用于某些固定词组中例如:

in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。

5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。

the old 老人 the young年轻人 the rich富裕的人

the poor_________ the deaf __________ the blind____________

6). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人?例如:

The Whites are spending their holiday in England.?

The Greens came to China two years ago .

7). 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园

the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命

the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军

the Long March 长征

8).用在序数词或形容词最高级前

The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.

He is the tallest one in our class.

9).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)

the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层

The sun rises in the east.

The earth goes round the sun.

10).在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。

in the 1980s 或 in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代

in the nineteenth century 二十世纪

11).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。

the Changjang River 长江

the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

12).在表示方位的词前,如:

The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west. 太阳从东边升起,从西边落下

Jiangxi lies in the south of China. 江西位于中国的南方。

13)在乐器名称前常用定冠词,如:

He often plays the piano at five in the afternoon. 他常在下午五点弹钢琴。

Can you play the violin? 你会拉小提琴吗?

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初中英语语法分类详细介绍
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