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篇1：高中英语基础语法
高中英语基础语法
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
3)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
4)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
5)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
6)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
7)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
8)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
9)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
10) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
11) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
1)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
2)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
3)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)01、以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
02、以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
03、以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
04、特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
01、一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
02、以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
03、以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
04、特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句
a) These aren’t their books.
b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句
a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句
a) Don’t be late.
b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句
a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
a) Yes, he is.
b) Yes, you can.
c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do.
e) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
a) No, he isn’t.
b) No, you can’t.
c) No, she doesn’t.
d) No, they don’t.
e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句
Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
01、问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
02、问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
03、问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
04、问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.
05、问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
06、问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
07、问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
08、问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
09、问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
10、问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11、问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12、问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13、问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 、问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 、问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16、问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17、问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
高中英语必考的30个基础句型
1. be doing/be about to do/had done…when…(when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
2. It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时(过了一段时间就......)
It will (not ) be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时(要过一段时间才会…)
It is/has been +时间段+ since…..
It was +点时间+ when…..
It was +时间状语+ that …..(强调句)
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境危险(动作已发生)
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)
It is 3 years since he worked here.
It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.(时间状语从句)
It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
3. more…than… 与其说…倒不如…(= not as/ so……..as……)
more than=not only 不仅仅……..
It is more like a meeting than like a party.
它与其说是一个聚会，不如说是一个会议。
Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.
张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友。
4. once… 一旦…...
Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.
Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.
5. The +比较级…，the +比较级… 越……, 越……
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
6. as if/ as though… 好像...(表示与事实相反，用虚拟;若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气。)
He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.
Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
7. n./adj./adv./v. + as/though +主语+谓语，尽管...，引导让步状语从句。
Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.
8. whether….or…. 无论…还是…
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.
9. 特殊疑问词+ever = no matter+特殊疑问词, 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away.( 让步状语从句)
You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like.(宾语从句)
Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 让步状语从句)
Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名词性从句)
10. if/as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 如果/只要/假如…
I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.
11.given that/ considering that 考虑到….., 鉴于……
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
12. in case that/ in case of… 万一…
In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.
In case that John comes/John should come, tell him to wait.
13. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +结果句;祈使句+ and +结果句
Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
More effort, and the problem would have been settled.
Think it over, and you will find the answer.
14. so/ such……..that…….引导结果状语从句，须注意当名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时, 用so不用such。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
There are so few fish in the lake that we couldn’t fish them easily.
当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成so/such…….as to do结构。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.
15. so that 引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句
so that引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用(= in order that)。
He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.
He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.
16.can never/can’t 与too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“无论怎样…都不过分”
While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.
He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.
William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking. In a word, I couldn’t speak too highly of him.
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.
Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.
17. 不定式作主语，it作形式主语。
It +系动词+adj./n.+ for sb. to do (sb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)
It +系动词+adj.+ of sb. to do (sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者，又表示人所具备的性质或特征)
It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
How rude of him to treat a child like that!
It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
18. 不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语。
主语+think/consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do sth.
I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.
19. won’t/ can’t have sb. doing/done 不能容忍某行为发生
You are too rude, and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like that again.
We can’t have anything done against the school rules.
20. It is said/thought/ hoped/ believed...that...=sb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do…..
It is said that he is studying abroad.-->He is said to be studying abroad.
It is considered that many countries highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.=Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.
21. had hoped to do=hoped to have done表示过去原打算干却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。类似的动词还有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。
I had hoped to travel to London this summer，but I was too busy.
22. How did sb come to do...? = How come that….为什么会…../……是怎么回事?表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释。
How did you come to find out where she’s living?= How come that you found out….
你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的?
How come that you sat there ,doing nothing?为什么坐在那儿什么也不干?
23. It is (not ) like sb. to do… ...(不)像某人的所作所为
It’s like him to answer for what he has done.敢对自己的行为负责，这是他的一贯作风。
It’s not like him to have been so rude to his mother.
24. when it comes to… 当谈到或涉及到…
He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.
When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.
25. every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“...次的时候”。
Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.
Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
26. There is (no) need to do…/for...=It is ( not ) necessary for sb. to do…
There is ( no ) hope/chance/possibility of doing…
There is( no )difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing...
Is there any chance of us/our winning the match?
There is no point(意义)in discussing the problem again.
27. It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人来做某事……..
——When shall we start out?
——It’s up to you to decide.
It’s up to you to babysit my so while I am away on business.
28.be up to sth. 忙于…..., 从事…..., 胜任.…..
John isn’t really up to that job. 约翰不适合干那项工作。
What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什么?
29. It is time to do/It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式 该是做…..的时候了
It is time that we ended the discussion.
30. 强调句基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/that+原句剩余部分
I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)
It was him who/that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.( 强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)
It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)
It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候, 强调的是时间，但不用when)
篇2：高中英语名词语法
高中英语名词语法
名词的复数形式之一
A. 名词的复数形式通常是在单数名词后加s：
day，days天，白天
dog，dogs狗
house，houses房屋
在词尾p，k或f音之后加的s读为／s／。除此之外s读／z／。词尾是ce，ge，se或ze的词之后加s时，该词的读音要加上一个音节（／Iz／）。
其他复数形式
B. 以字母o，ch，sh，ss或x结尾的单词，在词尾加es构成其复数：tomato，tomatoes西红柿
brush， brushes刷子
church，churches教堂
kiss，kisses吻
box，boxes箱，盒
但以字母o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式是只加s：dynamo，dynamos发电机
kilo，kilos公斤
kimono，kimonos和服
photo，photos照片
piano，pianos钢琴
soprano，sopranos女高音歌手
词尾是ch，sh，ss或x的词后面加es时，该词的读音要加上一个音节（／Iz／）。
C. 以y结尾但y前为辅音的名词在构成复数时，先把y去掉再加ies：
baby，babies婴儿
country，countries国家
fly，flies苍蝇
lady，ladies女士
以y结尾但y前为元音的名词在构成复数时，直接加s：boy，boys男孩
day，days天
donkey，donkeys驴子
guy，guys家伙
D. 有12个以f或fe结尾的名词在构成复数时，去掉f或fe加ves。这些词是：
calf小牛
half半
knife刀
leaf叶子
life生命
loaf（面包的）条／只
self自身
sheaf捆
shelf架子
thief贼
wife妻子
wolf狼
例如：
loaf，loaves
wife，wives
wolf，wolves
名词hoof（蹄），scarf（围巾）和wharf（码头）构成复数形式时，其词尾可以加s或ves：
hoofs或hooves
scarfs或scarves
wharfs或wharves
其他以f或fe结尾的名词在构成复数形式时，直接加s：cliff，cliffs悬崖峭壁
handkerchief，handkerchiefs手帕
safe，safes保险箱
E. 有些名词用改变无音的方法来构成其复数形式：
foot，feet，英尺，脚
goose，geese鹅
louse，lice虱子
man，men男人
mouse， mice老鼠
tooth，teeth牙齿
woman，women女人
但是，child的复数是children，ox的复数是oxen。
F. 某些动物名称没有复数形式：
名词fish通常没有复数形式，虽然有fishes这一形式，但不常用。
鱼类的某些种类通常没有复数形式：
carp鲤鱼
cod鳕鱼
mackerel 鲐鱼
pike狗鱼
plaice鲽鱼
salmon鲑鱼
squid 鱿鱼
trout鳟鱼
turbot大菱鲆
但是，这些名词如果表达复数的.意思，其动词要用复数形式。其他鱼虾要表达复数意思则要在词尾加s：
crabs蟹
eels鳗鱼
hetrings鲱鱼
lobsters龙虾
sardines沙丁鱼
sharks鲨鱼
deer（鹿）和sheep（羊）没有复数形式：
one sheep一只羊
two sheep两只羊
喜欢打猎的人说duck（野鸭），partridge（鹧鸪），pheasant（野鸡）等时，对其不分单复数都用同一形式。但是其他人通常在常见的有复数形式的鸟类名称上加s：
ducks partridges pheasants
打猎的人用game这个词表示所猎获的猎物时，它总是取单数形式，而且后边跟单数动词。
G. 还有一些没有变化的词：
aircraft航空器，飞机
craft船只
counsel法庭上的辩护律师
quid一英镑（俚语）
有些度量单位和数词没有复数形式。ying
H. 集合名词如crew，family，team等用单数或复数动词都可以；如果认为这个词表示的是一个群体或单位，可用单数动词：
Our team is the best．
我们这个队是最好的。
篇3：高中英语冠词语法
2.冠词的活用情况
(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语，来表示“怎样的”时也可用不定冠词。如：
the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。
(2)表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词，但前面如果有定于修饰，也可用不定冠词。如：I had a wonderful supper yesterday。
(3)表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词，但如果该名词作为普通名词，也可用不定冠词。如：This is a piano and it is the king of musical instruments。
(4)形容词最高级前、序数词前也可用不定冠词。
①形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示“十分、非常”之意，相当于very。如：
It is a most useful book。
②序数词second、third等前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意，相当于another。如：Can you give me a second chance, please?
(5)表示语言的前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。如：English=the English language
(6)牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information, fun, weather, progress, advice，news，space，word(=news)，furniture，equipment等，均不可与不定冠词连用。
3.冠词的类指用法
(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词，指的是这个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。如：The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not。
(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词，侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：
A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across。
注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：
Man tries to be the protector of woman。
(3)可数名词复数或不可数名词，侧重于指类别中的许多个体。如：
Children usually start walking at around one year old。
4.冠词的位置问题
(1)不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。如：
This is a very interesting story。
(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。如：
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork, please!
What a good idea it is!
(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。如：
I can’t finish the task in so short a time。
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear。
(4)half、twice、three times、all、both、double + the + 名词。如：
He paid twice the price for it。
Their house is three times the size of yours。
五、精典名题导解
1. (湖南) Have you heard ______ news?The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填
考点解析：第一空格为特指，the news即指汽油价格又上涨这件事。第二空格petrol为抽象名词，故其前不用冠词。故选C。
2. (2008江苏)We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent。
A. the; the B。不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填
考点解析：第一空by sea指乘船，故其前不用冠词。第二空根据句意可知，此处continent为特指，指驱车穿过的那个大陆，故用定冠词the。故选B。
3. (2008江西卷)―I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting。
―It is not your fault. With _ _ rush-hour traffic and _ _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late。
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
考点解析：两空中traffic和rain均为抽象名词，故不定冠词先可排除。再根据题意可知，均为特指，指当时的交通高峰拥堵和下大雨使他开会迟到，故均用定冠词the。故答案为B。
4. (2008山东) Students should be encouraged to use ________ Internet as________ resource。
A. /; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a
考点解析：Internet 为专有名词，其前常用the。句意为：应鼓励学生使用因特网作为一种资源。resource 前应用a，表示“一种资源”，为泛指。故答案为D。
5. (2008四川) In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found。
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
考点解析：第一空为泛指，a flow of people表示“人流”。第二空由于country 后面有定语从句where more jobs can be found。修饰限定，同时根据意思应为特指，故用定冠词the。故答案为A。
6. (北京市朝阳区高三2月统一考试) _______ person like him won’t be simply satisfied with _________ progress that has been made。
A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the
考点解析：第一空表示“像他这样的一个人”，应为泛指，故用不定冠词a。第二空progress后面有定语从句that has been made。修饰限定，应为特指，故用定冠词the。故答案为D。
7. (20北京市宣武区高三第一次质量检测)―Could you tell me ________ way to Taylor Clinic?
―Sorry, but I’m afraid there is not _________ Taylor Clinic nearby。
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
考点解析：第一空特指去Taylor Clinic的路，故应用定冠词the。第二空根据句意 “恐怕这附近没有Taylor Clinic这个地方”可知应为泛指，故用不定冠词a。故答案为D。
8. (上海市年高三年级十四校联考)―I hear that the Australian bushfire that happened in the north of Melbourne killed at least 181 people and destroyed many buildings。
―Yes. _______ news came as _________ shock to me。
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
考点解析：根据句意可知，第一空应为特指，此处news指上文提到的事件即the Australian bushfire…，故用定冠词the。而第二空shock表示一件令人震惊的事，故为泛指，应用不定冠词a。故答案为B。
篇4：高中英语冠词语法
一、考纲要求
结合名词的分类情况，理解冠词表泛指、特指、类指、专指之间的区别;掌握有关冠词的习语及固定句型。
二、命题导向
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
三、复习要点
1.不定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two。
(2)表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。The children are of an age。
(3)表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个、某一类。如：
He wants to he a doctor./ A horse is a useful animal。
(4)用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：
We have meals three times a day。(我们一天吃三餐。)
(5)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a certain”。如：
A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (一位李先生要见你。)
(6)与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”如： a surprise一件令人惊讶的事;a success一个(件)成功的人(事);a green tea一种绿茶;a heavy rain一场(阵)大雨
(7)用在某些固定词组中。如：
①have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look =swim/walk/talk/dance/look
②have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favour, at a distance, have a good knowledge of, as a matter of fact
2.定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful。
(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please。
(3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
(4)用于表示方位的名词之前。如：in the east, on the right。
(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest。
(6)用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。如：the sick, the wounded。
(7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation。
(8) 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake。
(9)用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths。
(10)用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin。
(11)用于表示单位的名词前。如：by the day(month)按日(月)，by the yard(foot)按码(英尺)
(12)用于年代、朝代、时代名词前。如：in the 1970s, the Tang Dynasty。
(13) 用于某些固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening)， on the other hand , at the same time。
3.不用冠词的情况：
(1)不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：China , America, Smith。
(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：
I like this picture; Einstein’s theory proved to be correct。
(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如：
March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day，have supper
(4)呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
(5)表示独一无二的头衔职务、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。如：We elected him president of our university。
(6)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如：
Do you study physics?
He likes playing football/chess。
(7)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如：
They are peasants/ workers。
(8)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：
by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
(9)连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不用冠词。如：
The young worker has turned writer。
(10)no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词前不用冠词。如：
No such thing has ever happened in this village。
(11)as, though引导的倒装的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词名词)置于句首时不用冠词。如：child as he is, he knows a lot。
(12)某些固定词组中不用冠词。如：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork, young and old, arm in arm, hand in hand, side by side, go to school, leave school, in prison, to(at, from, at work, on foot, from door to door, from morning till night, year after year, step by step
四、注意事项
1. 在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院(因病)
go to the school 去学校 in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)
in front of在前面，指某物体之外 in charge负责，主管
in the front of在前部，指某物之内 in the charge由……负责
out of question没问题
out of the question不可能
篇5：高中英语及物动词语法
完全及物动词出现的形态
1.主语+及物动词+宾语
例：he wrote a booe.
(他写一本书。)
2.主语+be+及物动词的现在分词+宾语，本句型用以表示主动进行的概念。
例：he was writing a book.
(他当时正在写一本书。)
3.主语+be+过去分词(past participle,简称p.p)，本句型用以表示被动的概念。
例：the book was written by him.
(这本书是他写的。)
4.主语+be+being+过去分词，本句型用以表示被动进行的概念。
例：a book was being written by him.
(有一本书正由他来写。)
不完全不及物动词
不完全不及物动词(incomplete intransitive verb简称i.vi.传统语法书中称为系动词)意思不完全，因而无法单独存在，之后要接名词、形容词的对等语(如代词、动名词、不定式、名词从句、名词短语等)，以补充其意思的不足。此类补充语，同时修饰主语，故称为主语补语(subjective complement)简称s.c.亦称表语)
例：he looks happy.
(他看来很快乐。)
he became a good student.
(他成为一个好学生。)
my trouble is that i have no money.
(我的麻烦就是没钱。)
he is in danger now.
(他正值危险。)
篇6：初中英语基础语法
初中英语基础语法
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式
I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student. 他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine 房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。
用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewill make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，-ing形式，数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的。
例：I knowyou are student good at maths .
在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句啊还有主语补足语可以是表语。
例如:Tomis a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明是主补
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：SV(主+谓)
基本句型二：SVP(主+谓+表)
基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
初中英语最重要的100个基础句型
1. want to do sth 想做某事
I want to go to school.
我想去上学。
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
I want my son to go to school.
我想让我的儿子去上学。
3. be different from 与......不同
The weather in Beijing is different fromthat of Nanjing.
北京的天气和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 与……相同
His trousers are the same as mine.
他的裤子和我的一样。
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好
Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
王先生对我们非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地
Welcome to China.
欢迎来到中国。
7. What’s the matter withsb/sth?某人/某物出什么毛病了?
What’s the matter withyour watch?
你的手表怎么了?
8. what to do 做什么
We don’t know what to donext.
我们不知道接下来要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let him enter the room.
让他进入房间。
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事
Let him not stand in the rain.
让他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?
Why don’t you play footballwith us?
你怎么不和我们踢足球呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
Why not play football with us?
为什么不和我们踢足球呢?
13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物
My father made me a kite.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
14. make sth for sb 为某人制造某物
My father made a kite for me.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思
What do you mean by doing that?
你做那件事情是什么意思?
16. like doing sth 喜爱做某事
Jim likes swimming.
吉姆喜欢游泳。
17. like to do sth 想去做某事
He doesn’t like to swim now.
他现在不想去游泳。
18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
I feel like eating bananas.
我想要吃香蕉。
19. would like to do sth 想要做某事
Would you like to go rowing with me?
你想要和我一起去划船吗?
20. would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
I’d like you to staywith me tonight.
我想你今晚和我待在一起。
21. make sb do sth 使某人做某事
His brother often makes him stay in thesun.
他哥哥经常让他晒太阳。
22. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let me sing a song for you.
让我为你唱支歌吧。
23. have sb do sth 使某人做某事
You shouldn’t have the studentswork so hard.
你不应该让学生这么努力学习。
24. be far from sp 离某地远
His school is far from his home.
他的学校离他家远。
25. be near to sp 离某地近
The hospital is near to the post office.
医院离邮局很近。
26. be good at sth/doing sth 擅长某事/做某事
We are good at English.
我们擅长英语。
They are good at boating.
他们擅长划船。
27. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间
It took me more than a year to learn todraw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
学会在五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马花了我一年多的时间。
28. sb spends some time/money (in )doing sth 某人花一些时间/钱做某事
I spent twenty years(in)writing thenovel.
我花了20年写这部小说。
29. sb spends some time/money on sth 某人花一些时间/钱在某事/物上
Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
30. sth costs sb some money 某物花了某人一些钱
The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
这辆行车花了吉姆1000元。
31. sb pays some money for sth 某人为某物付了一些钱
Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
32. begin/start sth with sth 伴随......开始做某事
The started the meeting with a song.
伴随着一首歌，我们开始了会议。
33. be going to do sth 打算做某事
We are going to study in Japan.
我们打算去日本学习。
34. call A B 叫A B
They called the village Gumtree.
他们叫这个村庄桉树。
35. thank sb for sth/doing sth 感谢某人做某事
Thank you for your help/helping me.
感谢你的帮助。
36. What…for? 为什么?
What do you learn English for?
你为什么学英语?
37. How/ what about doing sth?做某事怎么样?
How about going fishing?
去钓鱼怎么样?
38. S +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
Lucy is the tallest in her class.
露西在她班里是最高的。
39. S + be +比较级+than any other +n
Lucy is taller than any other student inher class.
露西在班里比其他任何一个学生都高。
40. have to do sth 不得不/必须做某事
I have to go home now.
我现在必须要回家了。
41. had better do sth 最好做某事
You’d better studyEnglish hard.
你最好努力学习英语。
42. had better not do sth 最好别做某事
You’d better not stayup.
你最好不要熬夜。
43. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
露西经常帮助莉莉她的洗衣服。
44. help sb do st 帮助某人做某事
He usually helps me learn English.
他经常帮助我学习英语。
45. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
I sometimes help my mother with thehousework.
我有时帮助我的妈妈做家务。
46. make it +时间 把时间定在......
Let’s make it 8：30.
让我们把时间定在8:30吧。
47. take sb to sp 带某人到某地
Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palacenext Sunday.
下周日，王先生将带我们去颐和园。
49. have nothing to do (with sb)与某人没有关系
That has nothing to do with me.
那和我没有关系。
50. 主语+ don’t think + 从句 ......认为……不……
I don’t think it will raintomorrow.
我认为明天不会下雨。
51. It’s + adj + for sb todo sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样
It is lucky for you to go to London.
去伦敦对你来说是幸运的。
52. How + adj/adv + 主+ 谓!......多么…...啊!
How beautiful the flower is!
这朵花多么漂亮啊!
53. what + a/an + adj + [c] + 主+ 谓!
What an beautiful flower it is!
它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
54. What + adj+ pl/[u] +主+ 谓!
What bad weather it is today!
今天天气多么糟糕啊!
55. find it + adj + to do sth 发现做某事如何
I find it hard to speak English well.
我发现说好英语很难。
56. ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
They often ask me for money.
他们经常向我要钱。
57. need to do sth 需要做某事
You need to study hard.
你需要努力学习。
58. need sth 需要某物
I don’t need your money.
我不需要你的钱。
59. use sth to do sth 用某物来做某事
We use pens to write.
我们用钢笔写字。
60. show sb sth 给某人看某物
Please show me the map.
请给我看看地图。
61. show sth to sb 把某物给某人看
Please show the map to me.
请把地图给我看看。
62. pass sb sth 把某物递给某人
Pass me the cup of tea.
递给我咖啡。
63. pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
Pass the cup of tea to me.
把咖啡递给我。
64. buy sb sth 为某人买某物
Mother bought me a bike.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
65. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物
Mother bought a bike for me.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
66. give sb sth 把某物给某人
Jim gave me an English dictionary.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
67. give sth to sb 把某物给某人
Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
68. get to sp 达到某地
I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
69. arrive at/in sp 达到某地
I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
70. reach sp 达到某地
I reached Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
71. hope to do sth 希望某人做某事
I hope to see you soon.
我希望不久见到你。
72. there is sth wrong with sth/sb 某物/某人出毛病了
There is something wrong my car.
我的车出了毛病。
73. sth is wrong with……某物出毛病了
Something is wrong with my car.
我的车出了毛病。
74. How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样
How do you like Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
75. What do you think of sth? 你认为……怎么样?
What do you think of Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
76. start doing sth 开始做某事
I started learning English in 1983.
我在1983年开始学习英语。
77. start to do sth 开始做某事
I started to watch TV after finishing myhomework.
完成作业后我开始看电视。
78. finish doing sth 完成做某事
I finished cleaning my car just now.
我刚才清洗了我的车。
79. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
They all enjoy living and working in China.
他们都喜欢在中国生活和工作。
80. what else… 别的什么
What else do you want to buy?
你还想买别的什么吗?
81. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
I forgot turning off the lights. Look， it is darkin the room.
我忘记关过灯了。看，房间里黑着。
82. forget to do sth 忘了做某事(未做)
I forgot to turn off the lights. Couldyou go back and shut them off?
我忘记关灯了。你能回去关上吗?
83. remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
I remembered returning your money. You areso forgetful.
我记得还给你钱了。你是如此健忘。
84. remember to do sth 记住做某事(未做)
Remember to bring me some moneytomorrow.
记得明天给我带一些钱来。
85. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
He stopped to talk with Mary when sheentered the office.
当玛丽走进办公室时，他停下来和她谈话。
86. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
The students stopped talking when theteacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，学生们停止了谈论。
87. watch/see/hear sb do sth 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事
I saw you pick an apple just now.
刚才，我看见你捡起了一个苹果。
88. watch/see/hear sb doing sth 观看/看见/听见某人在做某事
I saw you playing basketball with yourclassmates on the playground then.
那时，我看到你正和你的同学们在操场上踢足球。
89. go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
He went on reading after a short rest.
在短暂的休息后，他继续读书。
90. go on to do sth 继续做另一件事
He went on to read after finishing wash thedishes.
在洗完盘子后，他继续阅读。
91. go on with sth 继续某事
He went on with his work after a shortrest.
在短暂的休息后，他继续他的工作。
92. say hello/goodbye to sb 向某人打招呼/告别
I came to say goodbye to you.
我来是和你告别的。
93. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
They are busy planting trees on the hill.
他们正忙着在山上植树。
94. be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣
We are all interested in English.
我们都对英语感兴趣。
95. tell sb to do sth 让某人做某事
Mother told me to go shopping with her.
妈妈让我和她去购物。
96. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事
Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
吉姆请我和他去划船。
97. call/ring sb up 给某人打电话
I will call you up tommow.
我明天会给你打电话。
98. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事
We are ready to have lunch.
我们准备好吃午饭。
99. go doing sth 去做某事
Let’s go fishing.
让我们去钓鱼吧。
100. prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B来更喜欢(做)A
Lucy prefers English to French.
比起法语来，我更喜欢英语。
I prefer staying at home to going to thecinema.
比起去看电影来，我更喜欢待在家里。
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