写作第二单元《作点辩证分析》(高二必修) 教案教学设计（合集20篇）由网友“梅花千树”投稿提供，下面是小编为大家带来的写作第二单元《作点辩证分析》(高二必修) 教案教学设计，希望大家能够喜欢!
篇1：写作第二单元《作点辩证分析》(高二必修) 教案教学设计
写作第二单元《作点辩证分析》(人教版高二必修) 教案教学设计
《作点辩证分析》课时计划 第1-2课时 （总第36-37课时）
教学目的：
通过训练，培养学生严密的思维能力和提高作文说理能力，能够善于运用辩证的观点分析问题，得出合乎事理的结论。
教学方法：讲练结合法。
课时安排：2课时。
【知识技能】
作点辩证分析，就是要从事物的两方面进行辩证思维，或一分为二认识事物，或从比较异同思索，或从侧面与全面、个别 与整体的关系思考，都有助于全面认识，从现象到本质揭示事物特征，提出准确全面的观点或理由。
一篇好的议论文，绝不能宣传片面的、孤立的、绝对化的观点。 一般情况下，对议论中心进行辩证分析，通常要注意以下哲学观点的运用：
一、用发展的观点分析问题
世上的万事万物都是在运动、发展、变化之中。论证一个问题的时候，如果采用静止不变的观点分析，就不可能揭示出它的内在的客观规律，就必然违背事理；只有抓住事物之间的普遍联系，在发展中分析问题，才能把握问题的实质所在。
二、运用联系的观点分析问题
任何事物都不是孤立存在的，它总是和外界事物有着千丝万缕的联系。分析一个问题时，就要注意它和其他有关问题的联系。
三、运用一分为二的观点分析问题
用一分为二的观点去分析问题，才能全面地认识问题，避免认识的片面性。分析问题时，既要看到它的这一面，又要看到它的另一面；既要看到它的正面，也要注意它的反面。
【现场作文】
一、片断作文。
1、请你为黑板报写一段200字的议论性文字，对出现在中学生中的某种现象（如抽烟、化妆、外语热、学电脑、开生日Party……），谈谈你的看法。
2、请阅读下面的材料，参照示例的文段写一段文字，发表你的看法。要求换一个角度分析。
材料：今有人，是襄（偷）其邻之鸡者。或告之曰：“是非君子之道。”曰：“请损之，肘襄一鸡，以待来年，然后已。”
示例：古时有一人，每月偷一只鸡，别人告诉他：“这不是君子做的事情。”他回答说：“我以后每月偷一只鸡，等到来年就不偷了。”
偷邻居家的鸡当然是坏事情。偷鸡人听到别人指出错误理应立即改正错误。但是，对有些人来说，由于恶习太深，改正错误就要有个过程，如果嘴上讲“立即改正”，未必能改得了。现在这位偷鸡人决定逐步改正偷鸡数，如果这话是出自真心的，那么，这种态度我们不应该加以否定，我们应该耐心地等待他最终彻底改正错误。
无论是对个人的错误，还是对社会上的不良现象，我们主要是看它们的发展趋势。如果发展的趋势是好的，我们都应该欢迎。我们千万要记住：即使是出于好心，急于求成往往把事情搞糟，得到与愿望相反的结果。
二、整篇作文。
1、阅读下列语言寓言诗《鸟的评说》，按照要求作文。
麻雀说燕子 是怕冷的懦夫 燕子说黄鹂 徒有一身美丽的装束
黄鹂说百灵 声音悦耳但动机不纯 百灵说最无原则的
要算那鹦鹉 鹦鹉说喜鹊 生就一副奴颜媚骨
喜鹊说苍鹰好高骛远 苍鹰说麻雀寸光鼠目
……
请根据上述寓言诗，自选角度，自拟题目，联系生活实际，展开议论，写一篇不少于700字的议论文。
2 阅读下面的材料，按照要求作文。
一位天文学家在黑夜的旷野观察星空，边走边看，不料一脚踩空，掉进一口枯井，于是大声呼救。一个农夫闻声赶来，把他拉了出来，问他：“你是怎样掉下去的？”他说：“我因只顾看天，没有注意到脚下。”农夫说：“唉！地都没有看清，怎么看起天来了！”
请联系现实生活提炼观点，展开议论，写一篇不少于700字的.议论文。
3、有人骑着自行车从北京到西藏；有人游泳横渡英吉利海峡；还有一位妇女，放弃舒适的城市生活，到原始森林去观察动物，在森林里生活了许多年。对此，小张说：“这些举动很有意义，很值得学习。”小李说：“这些人是闲得无聊。”小王说：“这些人是没事找事。”
请你以其中的一种看法为中心议题，兼评其他两种看法，写一篇议论文，不少于600字。题目自拟。
【借鉴例文】
理想能不能当饭吃
理想，这一神圣的字眼，在如今快节奏的生活中，已难寻觅它的踪影。即使不经意想起它，亦如洗衣粉的泡沫般，在你想起他 的瞬间，不肯多留一刻地离你远去。待你再寻找时，摆在你面前的是一盆肮脏的衣服，你得面对眼前这毫无雕饰的现实。而现实总是冷酷的：肚子饿了，你必须去吃饭，天气凉了，你必须加衣服；否则等待你或许将是饥饿和感冒的痛苦。理想也是冷酷的，容不得你对它的半点亵渎，半点玷污。它是一种食粮，一种人们需要的却往往又在不经意中失去的食粮。
那么，理想能不能当饭吃？且不要简单地答“能”或“不能”，然后竭力地搜索所谓的典型事例和有力论据去填补的回答，给人的或许只能是片面的明白和短暂的认同。
说它能，是因为从大道理方面讲，理想是力量的源泉，是不灭的火花，理想能将一个濒临绝境的人蓦然从最后一步中牵回来，能将一个除生命以外一无所有的人从现实的痛楚委靡中拉回到光明境界中，甚至能将一个民族一个社会以至人类从灭顶之灾中即使地拯救出来，获得再生。革命者因为有了理想，推翻了那外强中干的统治者，结束了血淋淋、赤裸裸的残酷压榨；农民因为有了理想，将“春种一粒子，秋收万担粮”的诗句谱写成现实的动听的乐章；莘莘学子因为有了理想，迈上了高等学府的台阶，改写了自己生命的历程。从小的方面讲，一个人的一生或多或少地受着理想的牵引指导。你想取得好成绩，你得认真，一丝不苟地学习；你想成为诗人，你肯定钟爱拜伦、歌德，你想买辆“夏利”，你得努力工作认真攒钱。这或许就是最现实的理想，最现实的行为。因此，理想能当饭吃是说理想虽然不是一种物质的食粮，然而它是一种精神食粮，在它的支撑和牵引下，你能够有目标、有目的地去奋斗，去获得物质上的回报。
说它不能，是因为理想毕竟是一种触摸不到的炫目的光环，实现它源于我们执著的追求和脚踏实地的奋斗。不能因为有了理想，就可以“稳坐中军帐”，而不去躬身践行。试想，革命者只有理想，不去宣传、不去活动，不去牺牲，他们永远将在统治者的压迫下屈辱地生活；农民只有理想，不去播种，不去耕耘，不去面朝黄土背朝天地劳作，那一担担金闪闪的稻谷又如何自己去填满粮仓；学子们只有理想，不去学习，不去努力，不去寒窗苦读，高校的殿堂上，自然不会有他们潇洒的身影。从这个意义上说，理想不能当饭吃，因为理想并不能替代一顿丰盛的佳肴，你必须为它付出，否则只能拒绝它苦涩的余味。
理想，这一经历了风雨洗礼的瑰宝，愿你我都能够真实地拥有它。
【简评】 我们每个人都有自己的理想，但是我们对理想的看法是不是正确呢？这篇文章从两个方面修正了人们对理想的看法。在文中，作者辩证分析，既深入论述了“理想能够当饭吃”的理由，同时又论述了“理想不能当饭吃”的理由，分析合理，说理深刻。
课后记：
篇2：《归去来兮辞》教学设计第五册第二单元(高二必修) 教案教学设计
《归去来兮辞》教学设计（人教版第五册第二单元）(人教版高二必修) 教案教学设计
《归去来兮辞》教学设计（人教版第五册第二单元）
教学的问题：
1.美读课文，感受《归去来兮辞》语言美。
2.品读课文，领悟作者自由洒脱的情思美。
3.比较阅读，赏析作品的意蕴美。
4.拓展阅读，评价“忧道不忧贫”的人格美。
学习时间：两课时（90分钟）
材料准备：录音带、大白纸、彩笔、胶带、相关语言材料
课前准备：（1）学生结合课下注释和相关参考资料理解课文大意；（2）读准字音；（3）查阅相关资料，理解文中“之”、“而”、“以”文言虚词的作用和意义。（4）收集表现江南乡村田园生活的图片。
学习过程：
第一课时
活动一：耳濡目染
目标：美读 体验--感受课文的语言美
时间：20分钟
活动过程：
1.开火车分段朗读课文，检查学生预习情况。
2.教师范读，学生听读（要求：注意听腔调、听节奏、听情感，并找出所有压韵的字，在换韵的地方做上标记。）
3.教师简介“辞”的体裁特点，指导诵读。
“辞”虽然形式自由，句式散文化，但仍是诗；大体四句为一小节，两句为一组，本文共15节、每节表达一个完整的意思，读后可做稍长的停顿；以六字句为主（约占全文的四分之三），都按三拍读，有些七字句出现了虚词，仍做三拍读，但虚字有舒缓语气的作用。
4.放录音带，学生跟读（要求：在头脑中想象这为隐逸诗人的形象，注意语气、语调、语速。）
5.学生自由朗读。
活动二：咬文嚼字
目标：品评提升--领悟作者自由洒脱的情思美。
活动时间：25分钟
活动过程
1.把全班学生分为六个学习小组，每个小组推选出小组长，主持小组讨论；小组长再指定本组的记录员、观察员、发言人。
2.各小组以抽签的方式选择讨论的问题，把讨论的结果写在大白纸上。
问题一：
（1）归去来兮！
（2）已矣乎！
（3）归去来兮，请息交以绝游。
（4）富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期。
以上四句分别表达了作者什么样的'情思？这四句在表达方式上有何特点？在表情达意上有何作用？（感叹句，直抒胸臆，表达作者强烈的情感：思归田园，对官场的失望）
问题二：
（1）田园将芜胡不归？
（2）世与我而相违，复驾言兮焉求？
（3）寓形宇内复几时，何不委心任去留？
（4）聊乘化以归尽，乐夫天命复奚疑？
以上四句分别表达了作者什么样的情思？这四句在语气上有何特点？在表情达意上有何作用？（反问句，加强语气，增强抒情意味）
问题三：
（1）悟已往之不谏，知来者之可追。
（2）实迷途其未远，觉今是而昨非。
（3）善万物之得时，感吾生之行修。
以上三句分别表达了作者什么样的情思？这三句在上下句表意上有何特点？在表情达意上有何作用？（上下句形成对比，表明作者鲜明的人生态度）
问题四：
（1）舟遥遥以轻r，风飘飘而吹衣。
（2）木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流。
（3）登东皋以舒啸，临清流而赋诗。
以上三句分别表达了作者什么样的情思？这三句话用了什么表达技巧？在表情达意上有何作用？（渲染烘托，充分表达作者内心的愉悦）
问题五：
（1）园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关。
（2）既窈窕以寻壑，亦崎岖而经丘。
以上两句在句式结构方面有何特点？在表情达意上有何作用？（倒装句，有强调意味）
问题六：
（1）三径就荒，松菊犹存。
（2）云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知还。
以上两句分别表达了作者什么样的情思？句中的“松”“菊”“云”“鸟”有没有特别的含义？如果有，你能看出作者使用了什么表现手法吗？（借物喻人，托物言志：表现作者傲岸高洁的操守和归隐田园的心愿）
3.各小组展示讨论成果，各小组发言人解说讨论成果。
4.大家共同评价，深化对作者语言美、情感美的领悟。
5.学生齐读课文，再一次在诵读只领略本文的语言美、情思美。
第二课时
活动三：锦心绣口
目标： 比较分析--赏读课文的意蕴美
活动时间 ：30分钟
活动过程：
1.四人一组，展示收集到的表现江南乡村田园生活的图片，并结合课文讨论乡村生活的特点。
2.发放阅读材料《自出机杼 各蕴风流--<兰亭集序>和<归去来兮辞>的比较解读》，筛选相关内容，结合自己的理解，在组内发表演说，评述作者在课文中流露出来的思想情趣和生命态度。
3.小组交流结束后，教师随机抽取两到三名同学，面向全班同学演讲，师生共同评价，深化对课文意蕴美的理解。
活动四：文采风流
目标：评价“忧道不忧贫”的人格美
活动时间：15分钟
活动过程：
1.学生自读材料《忧道不忧贫--谈<归去来兮辞>的文化积淀》，结合自己理解 ，评价“忧道不忧贫”的人格观。
2.头脑风暴：学生谈谈理解和评价。
3.讨论结束后，教师要求学生根据自己的观点，课后继续收集材料加以补充整理，写成一篇议论文。
附件：
材料一：《自出机杼 各蕴风流--<兰亭集序>和<归去来兮辞>的比较解读》选自《学语文》第三期
材料二：《忧道不忧贫--谈<归去来兮辞>的文化积淀》选自《山东教育》
篇3：第二单元教材分析(网友来稿) 教案教学设计
第二单元教材分析
一、教学目的
1、学会g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r十三个声母和zi ci si
zhi chi shi ri七个整体认读音节，要求读准音、认清形、正确书写、会读四声，能用这十三个声母和单韵母相拼，联系看图读用拼音写成的字。
2、学会三拼音节，懂得j q x与ü相拼的规则。
3、。认读“花、哥、弟、个、画、下、洗、衣、服、鸡、做、过、了、不、乐、出、读、书、骑、车、的、话”等生字，要求读准音、认清形，并会口头组词。
4、会读、会背四首儿歌。
二、教学重点
1、g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r十三个声母和zi ci si
zhi chi shi ri七个整体认读音节的发音。
2、g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r十三个声母和韵母相拼。
3、三拼音的拼音方法。
4、j q x与ü相拼时ü上两点的省写规则。
5、认读“花、哥、弟、个、画、下、洗、衣、服、鸡、做、过、了、不、乐、出、读、书、骑、车、的、话”等生字，要求读准音、认清形，并会口头组词。
三、教学难点
1、三拼音的拼音方法。
2、j q x与ü相拼时ü上两点的省写规则。
3、z c s zh ch sh r的发音。
四、课时安排
拼音教学 4课 12课时
复习二 1课 2课时
[第二单元教材分析(网友来稿) 教案教学设计]
篇4：九年级上册第二单元教案(北师大九年级必修) 教案教学设计
九年级上册第二单元教案(北师大九年级必修) 教案教学设计
3 留学巴黎
[教学目标]
1、体会本文有详有略、详略得当的叙述方式。
2、理解作者崇高的理想和坚定的信念，了解艺术创作与人生苦难、社会苦难之间的'关系。
3、有感情的朗读精彩语段。
[重点难点]
重点：引导学生分析课文的记叙特点。
难点：引导学生理解作者身陷贫贱却不移大志的决心。
[媒体准备]
多媒体教具；《黄河大合唱》录音带（片断）。
[课时安排]
2课时。
[预习要求]
1、通读全文，有感情的朗读全文。
2、查阅作者的相关资料，了解其艺术成就。
[教学过程]
第一课时
一、导入示例
同学们，每当《黄河大合唱》奏响的时候，我们的心里都汹涌澎湃，激动异常，仿佛从乐曲中看见了不屈不挠的中华民族，冒着纷飞的炮火，勇往直前。这首歌的作曲，就是本文的作者冼星海。
二、作者简介
冼星海（1905-1945）中国近现代著名的音乐家。原籍番禺，195月出生于澳门。其父是船工，在冼氏未诞生时已经过世，自幼就与母相依为命，靠外祖父生活。19，时年六岁，其外祖父逝世，生活无靠，母子俩遂流落到马来亚。14岁那年，随母到新加坡，开始接触音乐，表现出与众不同的才华。1926年，到北京大学音乐传习所主修理论与小提琴，同时任该图书馆助理员，以维持生计。1929年他到法国深造，半工半读。1930年2月他到巴黎先后跟奥别多菲尔加隆学小提琴和音乐理论。1931年考入巴黎音乐院作曲班，随印象派作曲家杜卡学习。1935年回到中国。先后为影片《夜半歌声》，《青年进行曲》和《壮志凌云》、话剧《日出》，《雷雨》，《太平天国》配乐。1937年7月7日抗日全面爆发，他参加了由洪深领导的上海救亡演剧二队到苏州等地宣传抗日，后离开到延安去。1939年他写出了著名的《黄河大合唱》。
（以上“作者简介”可以借助多媒体展示作者资料及图片。）
三、检测预习（可用多媒体投影）
给加点的字注音，解释词语：
廿（niàn）岁 崽（zǎi） 琐屑（xiè） 眩（xuàn）晕
揩（kāi） 迷惘（wǎng） 侥（jiǎo）幸
迷惘 郁闷 眷念 衣冠楚楚 寒酸
篇5：第二单元教材教法分析：意象、意境(高二选修) 教案教学设计
第二单元教材教法分析：意象、意境(人教版高二选修) 教案教学设计
第二单元教材教法分析
选修课与必修课的不同是给学生更大更自由的选择空间。给老师的挑战是从更高的层次上给予指导，而不是拘泥于某篇课文。所以备课更应该抓住这个单元的训练重点、训练方法，训练目标。
教学目标：
一、引导学生置身诗境，发挥想像，品味诗歌的意境。
二、引导学生根据诗歌中意象的特点以及情景之间的关系，采取相应的欣赏方法，体会诗歌的意境。
教学重点
一、置身诗境
1）沉浸其中
2）借助自己已有的生活体会和审美经验
二、缘景明情
1）方法
2）情与景的关系
如何置身诗境，首先要“沉浸其中”，忘掉周围一切 ，全身心的投入到一个 想象的世界中，得到美的享受。其次要 借助自己已有的生活体会和审美经验，与诗人取得共鸣，即便如《梦》这种从未经历过的 不可能存在于现实世界中的情景，也是借助于现实生活的土壤构建的，所以还要通过自己的想象，去模拟诗人所描绘的奇幻世界。
如何缘景明情。教参上说 ，就是不同诗歌用不同的欣赏方法 。我不太同意，不仅是方法问题，而是情和景的关系问题，其实，这个单元的重点也是情景交融。
（08山东卷）阅读下面这首宋词，回答问题。（8分）画堂春 秦观
落红铺径水平池，弄晴小雨霏霏。杏园憔悴杜鹃啼，无奈春归。
柳外画楼独上，凭栏手捻花枝，放花无语对斜晖，此恨谁知？
（1）上阙的景物描写是如何表现无奈之情的？请作简要分析。（4分）
（2）“凭栏手捻花枝”“ 放花无语对斜晖”两句主要使用了什么表现手法？表现了词中人物怎样的感情变化？（4分）
【参考答案】
（1）上阙通过描写铺径之落红、弄晴之小雨、憔悴之杏园、哀啼之杜鹃等残春景象，表现伤春（惜春）的无奈之情.
（2）这两句词主要的表现手法是：细节描写。动作描写也可。用捻花、放花两个细节（动作）表现了词中人物由爱春、伤春（惜春）到无奈春归的感情变化。如果逐句分析，只要能答出由爱春、伤春（惜春）到无奈的感情变化也可。
（08辽宁卷）阅读下面这首元散曲，然后回答问题。（8分）〔正宫〕塞鸿秋 浔阳即景
长江万里白如练，淮山数点青如淀。江帆几片疾如箭，山泉千尺飞如电。晚云都变露，新月初学扇，塞鸿一字来如线。
（1）请各举一例说明这首散曲运用的三种修辞方法。
（2）这首散曲一句一景，合起来又构成了一幅色彩绚丽的浔阳山水图。请分别从写景的顺序和动静的角度对这首散曲作简要赏析。
【参考答案】（1）①比喻，如将长江比作白练，将江帆比作疾箭，将下泄的山泉比作闪电，将天上一字排开的飞鸿比作一条线等。②对偶，如一、二两句对偶，三、四两句对偶，五、六两句对偶等。③比拟，如说新月“学”扇。
（2）（5分）从写景的顺序看：一、二两句写长江万里，远山重重，写的是大处、远景；三、四两句写江上轻帆，山泉飞流，写的是个体、近景；五、六两句则是从前四句的白天转到傍晚，又由地面转到天空。从动静的角度看：一、二句侧重写江、山的雄伟，是静态的；三、四句着重写江帆的迅疾、山泉的飞流，是动态的。答出远近顺序的，给2分；答出白天夜晚顺序的，给1分；答出静动角度的，给2分。意思答对即可。
教师准备：
意象和意境------中国诗歌独有的美
意象是主观情意和客观物象的融合，是连接情和景的载体，是表现情感和传达物象之美的媒介。
关于意境，从古至今，有不同的说法。
教参上说所谓意境是指是人的主观情意与客观物象互相交融意境是境界的一种。下面列举几种说法。
现代汉语词典上说：意境是文学艺术作品通过形象描写表现出来的境界和情调。
“词以境界为最上。有境界则自成高格，自有名句。” “文学之事，其内足以摅己而外足以感人者，意与境二者而已。上焉者意与境浑，其次或以境胜，或以意胜。苟缺其一，不足以言文学。原夫文学之所以有意境者，以其能观也。出于观我者，意余于境；而出于观物者，境多于意。然非物无以见我，而观我之时，又自有我在。故二者常互相错综，能有所偏重，而不能有所偏废。文学之工不工，亦视其意境之有无与其深浅而已。”指出了“意境”不仅是“意”与“境”的合一，而且“意”与“境”是不可分割的，真正的“意境”是达到了“意境两忘，物我一体”的交融。---王国维
中国抒情诗很发达，从诗经开始就有了良好的抒情的传统，“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。今我来思，雨雪霏霏”，通过景物描写传达惜别和怅惘之情。开创了“情景交融”的美学传统。历来判断一首抒情诗的高下，也往往用是否做到了“情景交融”为标准。所以，掌握了“意境”，即掌握了中国古代抒情诗的精髓。
梅尧臣说；‘状难写之景，如在目前，含不尽之意，见于言外”，写景和抒情分开。
姜夔说：“意中有景，景中有意” ;王夫之说：‘情景虽有在心在物之分，而景生情，情生景，哀乐之触，荣悴之迎，互藏其宅。”
《文心雕龙 物色》说：“情以物迁，辞以情发。写气图貌，既随物以宛转，属采附声，亦与心而徘徊。故灼灼状桃花之鲜，依依尽杨柳之貌，杲杲为日出之容，漉漉拟雨雪之状，喈喈逐黄鸟之声，貉Р莩嬷韵，皎月彗星，一言穷理，参差沃若，两字穷形，并以少胜多，情貌无遗矣”------情景交融。
“在审美观照的瞬间占据并充满了人的意识的审美形式”
境界是情趣与意象的融合---朱光潜
意境是主观情趣和意象融合构成的境界。 ---我赞成
举例：
陶渊明‘采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”
杜甫：“造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓‘
李白：相看两不厌，只有敬亭山‘
辛弃疾：我见青山多妩媚，料青山见我亦如是
姜夔：数峰清苦，商略黄昏雨
表面上意象都是山，在实际上，却因情趣不同，各是一种境界。可以说，每个人见到的世界都是他自己创造的。
因此，如果把整个单元的意象做一梳理，就会惊奇的发现：每一首诗都有月的意象，但意境却不同。
《春江花月夜》中的‘月”既是宇宙中深幻莫测的精灵，又是游子思妇的相思的寄托， 是人与自然沟通契合的媒介。
《夜归鹿门歌》中的“鹿门月照开烟树”，此时的月是隐逸在鹿门山中的月，不带任何世俗尘滓的月，在孟浩然迈向隐居之地的山间小路上，静静地照着。
《梦游天姥吟留别》中，“一夜飞度镜湖月，湖月照我影，送我至剡溪”，是神界的月，他目睹并帮助李白飞向天姥山。
《登岳阳楼》中的‘乾坤日月浮”，月是自然界宏伟奇丽的景象，是穷困的但具有开阔胸襟的诗人杜甫才能见到的月。其意境十分宽阔宏伟。
《菩萨蛮》中的‘垆边人似月”则是选取月的美丽温柔一面来形容美女了。
可以以“月”来贯穿整个单元，通过对“月”的解读直逼每个诗人的内心世界和他们创造的审美境界。正象过常宝《依然旧时明月》中所说的“月映万川,各有境界”，只有一颗真诚的心灵，才能辩识出春夜栏杆上玲珑的花影，才能呼吸到疏影横斜中淡雅的暗香，才能从万卷诗篇中通达人同此心的古今一理。古诗如月，是一声声无言的召唤，它召唤着我们的至诚性情，与歌与哭，心有戚戚，参与那些诗歌意义的创造。其实，感悟古人就是感悟自己，比知识更重要的，是我们自己的心。”“ 每当我们面对着浩淼星空中那一轮明月的时候，沉潜在历史和人心深处的感动，会被再一次激活，我们就重新踏上那条或是逍遥或是凄凉的超越之旅，接受这个优雅的传统的洗礼。“举头望明月，低头思故乡”，是的，那一轮浸润过唐宋风流的月，正是我们永恒的精神故乡。” 也许，期望从繁华的满城灯火中，清晰地再现出月落乌啼、江枫渔火的图景，本身就是一种痴心妄想吧。但如果语文老师都不再有这种痴心妄想，学生的眼前就更是只有电脑里人工制作的月亮了。
教学设计
一、赏析示例怎样用
用好赏析示例，让学生感到什么是置身诗境 缘景明情。它的思维曲线是怎样的：
1诵读---2意象---3联想和想象---4再现画面---5创造意境---6审美享受
1、诵读。要想得到美感享受，就必须从诵读、涵咏开始，自己反复体会，自然生其气象。本单元所选诗歌，画面感很强，要创造丰富多彩的方式朗读，上周在101中学的古韵今声古诗诵读活动就极大地调动了学生诵读的积极性，有检测式、表演式、表演中有古装扮相，配乐朗诵，情景模拟，相信学生在创造的过程中必然想象和联想，必然体会意境，再造意境。我们提倡教师范读，带给学生的必然是不同于录音的活的感受，教师和学生分成小组，学生和学生分成小组，可分成风景制作组、配乐组、朗诵组、解说组，动作组，完成一部情景剧。其实是让学生从各种角度、各个层面去解读这首诗。
2、找意象
怎样让学生感到这是张若虚的月，不是李白的月，不是杜甫的月呢？这月下的徘徊、月下的吟唱，月下的仰望、月下的惆怅，是张若虚独特的心理活动和审美创造。《春》有两个月亮：宇宙中的月亮，观照着世间万物，似精灵在这无边无际的夜色中神游，“江畔何人初见月？江月何年初照人？人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似”。由此引发第二个月亮：人心中的月亮，“白云一片去悠悠，清风浦上不胜愁，谁家今夜扁舟子，何处相思明月楼？”
3、借助联想和想象，再现画面，创造意境（读者的二次创造），从而获得审美享受，抓住作者特点，体会主观情意。
从意象到意境到情感，联想和想象是最重要的环节，是置身诗境的不二法门。可以教一些方法，如借助已有的生活体会和审美经验，如海边望月的感受，梦游的体验等，也有一些我们未曾经历过的，如李白、李贺所描绘的神仙世界、鬼世界，就要充分发挥想象力，借助联想和类比，贯通视觉和听觉，尽量构想出或虚拟出诗人为我们所描绘的奇幻的世界。
4、再现画面。《春》分两个部分，9个绝句，月生、月照、问月、月待、月思、月移、月华、月落、月沉。前四个绝句，主要是由春江花月夜美景的描绘，引发对宇宙、人生的哲理思考。这是一个怎样的意境呢？可以让学生改写成散文，运用联想和想象，调动已有的经验和体会，放音乐或朗诵，让学生闭上眼睛想，江潮连海，月共潮生，一轮明月随潮水涌生，仿佛两个活泼的生命，越来越高，越来越亮，景象壮观。月光闪耀，江水绕过花草遍生的春之原野，月色泻在花树上，象撒上了一层洁白的霜。月光荡涤了世间万物，将大千世界浸染成梦幻一样的银辉色。一个优美、恬静、朦胧、神话般美妙的境界出现了。
只要感受到这个境界，诗人的遐想和疑问探索就顺理成章了。学生也会展开联想，提出千古疑问：江畔何人初见月，江月何年初照人。人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似，不知江月待何人，但见长江送流水。
让学生回忆自己是否有过这样的疑问和体会，这说明了什么？人类永远对自然充满了好奇，自然是人类赖以生存和发展的根基和动力。
从第五个绝句开始，转入对人事的描绘，选取了最常见的.主题，游子思妇的离愁别恨。用“月“来烘托，徘徊、朗照、卷不去，拂还来，”卷和拂两个痴情的动作，生动地表现出思妇内心的惆怅和迷惘；用落花、流水、残月来烘托游子的思归之情，江水流春，流去的不仅是自然的春天，也是游子的青春、幸福和憧憬。
结尾句“落月摇情满江树”----以景言情，言有尽而意无穷，一切景语皆情语也。在这首诗中体现得最突出。游子那无着落的离情，伴着残月之光，洒满了江边的树林------情思摇曳，动人心魄。回味无穷。
学生通过联想和想象的训练，通过再现画面和创造意境，自己已经能初步感受怎么鉴赏诗歌，
5、创造意境---6审美享受
在基本理解的基础上，可以让学生讨论《春》的意境美及主题。
胡晓明《中国山水诗的心灵境界》：
《春》隐藏着一个绝大秘密。表面上看，即月光从思妇心头流过，由此形成诗歌文本上下两部分之间的有机联系，形成诗歌意境的浑然一体；从深层结构看，恰恰是表达了人心与自然的大和谐。于是思妇之思念不复来自思妇本身，而是诗人的灵指在宇宙与人心的和弦上弹出的妙响。这不仅仅是“少年式的憧憬”（李泽厚语），更是中国哲学的古老灵魂在盛唐来临之际焕发出来的年轻的生命光华，这不仅仅是“梦境中晤谈”的“宇宙意识”（闻一多语），实际上应是由人类生命情感所滋润沐浴过的宇宙生命，又由宇宙生命所照亮，升华了的人类向上的生命。------礼赞生命、礼赞自然，这就是《春》的昭示万代流芳百世的精神主旨。中国山水诗的蓬勃的灵感气韵，正从此一主旨中流出。
可让学生和以前学的的游子思妇主题、花月旧题进行比较
二、自主赏析部分怎样教------
可采用对比法、活动法
一、王孟
先比较生平思想，再比较其诗歌。
王孟并称，自古而然。但深究之，差异显明：王维空灵澄静，孟浩然清远淡寂。王“静”，孟“清”。王维往往澄怀味象，孟浩然则多感发兴怨。
“情性所铄，陶染所凝”（《文心雕龙体性》），文化教养、生活道路和人文环境等都“陶染”影响情性。王、孟生活道路不同，思想境界不同、艺术素养不同，因此诗的差异就很明显了：
王维出身书香门第，在晋时还算是名门望族。其父“终汾州司马”，寡母独立支撑门户，家境日衰。王维在兄妹六人中为最长，十五、六岁时便开始为家庭分忧，凭着诗、乐天才而游两京。十八岁时携大弟王缙同游，与歧王李范、薛王李业、宁王李宪都有过密切的交往，王侯们“待之如师友”。唐薛用弱《集异记》记录歧王向公主引荐王维的故事，可说明王维积极进取的活动能量。（《大明宫词》还附会王维和公主的爱情关系）
自从他进士及第而“调太乐丞”开始，算是步入仕途了，走上了从政的生活道路。可是，不久便“坐累为济州司仓参军”。王维自开元九年被出济州，到开元十六年冬由淇上回长安，长时间的远离政治中心，基本上完成了山水禅寂的人生态度和审美趣尚的转变，形成了心灵的自足性和精神的自足状，他在“吾丧我”中找到了自我。其后长安长达二十年的京官生活，一直近在帝座，却拖朱绂而放性山水，过着亦官亦隐的优裕生活，“已悟寂为乐，此生闲有余。”（《饭覆釜山僧》）
孟浩然则不然。孟浩然终身不遇，连一个小小的契机都没有碰上，布衣始终，在古代著名诗人中是个特例。眼看不惑之年即将到来而依然寂寞于山野，然而，“寂寂何可待”，等到四十岁终于等不及而自己走了出来，心境自然不十分的好。来到长安他四处活动，“朝朝空自归”的一无所获，很能让人想起杜甫“朝扣富儿门，暮随肥马尘”的尴尬来。纵观孟浩然所走过来的生活道路，连一次小小的开展的机遇都不曾有过，而且，又是在不断碰壁的境况中走向了绝无一线希望的空返，其心情不可能不为惘怨和孤愤所笼罩着：“不才明主弃，多病故人疏。”（《岁暮归南山》）“欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。”（《临洞庭湖赠张丞相》）。王士源评价他“动则得真”、“期以放性”，必然不能忘情山水而专注于美，而总要千方百计地“感发”起来，借山水来表达些什么，使其山水诗成为其心气和其所要表现的名理的载体，不可能像王维那么的潜心和优游。他不可能像王维那样的淡泊清静而进入“山林吾丧我”的状态，其诗冲淡中深潜着怼怨之心气。总觉不清净。
王维母亲“师事大照禅师三十余岁”，对王维及弟妹影响很大，“兄弟皆笃志奉佛，食不荤，衣不文彩。”王维一生也曾师事禅师，所以其诗带有禅意。王维自物观物，多泛物化，而孟浩然以我观物，多泛我化。
王维有着极高的艺术天分，王维沟通诗和画、乐，将画、乐艺术引入诗中，极大地提高了诗歌的艺术表现力和审美魅力。孟浩然艺术天分大不如王维，苏轼评云：“浩然之诗，韵高而才短，如造内酒手，而无材料耳。”明人锺惺《唐诗归》说：“王、孟并称，毕竟王妙于孟，王能兼孟，孟不能兼王也。”清人施补华《岘佣说诗》也说：“孟浩然、王昌龄、常建五言清逸，风格均与摩诘相近，而篇幅较窘。学问为之，才力为之也。”
比较而言，孟浩然的诗歌偏于清峻，偏于冷涩，偏于枯淡。孟浩然太喜欢用“清”字了，其《孟浩然集》中有“清”字近五十例；古人在评孟时已注意到以“清”而传其神：李白有云：“高山安可仰，徒此揖清芬”（《赠孟浩然》）；杜甫赞曰：“清诗句句尽堪传”（《解闷十二首》之二）王维喜用“静”字，王维是静的极致，孟浩然乃清的至境。
讲清楚作者的生活轨迹和思想，再比较孟浩然《夜》和王维《归嵩山作》诗境有何不同就容易得多了。可以列一下一个表：
夜 归
背景
作者
意象
意境 清 静
《夜》选择江边渡口人们抢渡回家的喧闹和山寺的僻静相对照，从世俗生活到隐居生活，两中人生，两种心情，恬然自得于孤独寂寞，表现的是隐逸志趣，凸显的是洒脱的隐士形象。
“鹿门月照开烟树，忽到庞公栖隐处，岩扉松径长寂寥，惟有幽人自来去”四句营造了一个清幽宁静的意境。“开”字传神地写出了月光映照下的树木舒展朦胧的姿态，“长”写出了岩扉松径寂寥的时间之久，传达了此地的远离尘世，因为此地是昔日著名的前辈隐士庞德公的隐居之地，现在我实践着庞德公的道路，这“幽人”既是庞德公又是自己。那么从渡头到鹿门就是从尘世到心灵净土。诗人把这种独特的内心体验，表现在对大自然的感受上，表现的平淡自然，深入浅出，和谐优美。
《归》是写王维辞官归隐途中所见的景色和心情。景中有情，情景交融。首联写开始归途时的安详闲适的心境。中间四句描写归途中的景色。流水有情，飞鸟相与还，自然安闲，但“荒城临古渡，落日满秋山”就和孟诗不同了，充满了黯淡凄凉的色彩，对此加以渲染，正反映了诗人感情上的波折变化，衬托出作者越接近归隐地就越发感到凄清的心境。最后一句表示要与世隔绝，不再过问社会人事。最终点明辞官归隐的宗旨，这时感情又趋向冲淡平和。这个中间波折很真实，很生动，不求工而未尝不工，恬淡清新依旧。
共同之处是：人与自然在精神上高度契合，景物和感受诗意地结合在一起。全诗是浑融完整的整体，恬淡优美。
不同之处是：孟诗多用白描，着磨轻淡，比王诗更显淳朴。王诗“诗中有画”，有丰富的色泽和光彩。但不华靡。
二、李白与杜甫
通过这两首诗意象、意境的不同，看抒情方式和效果的不同。李诗意象五彩缤纷，纷至沓来，意境迷离倘。杜诗意象明晰，意境壮阔。同是愤激之辞，李白是仰天长啸，壮怀激烈，一吐为快，杜甫是如冰河呜咽，汩汩滔滔，奔涌澎湃。同是写景，李白的神仙境界神奇瑰丽，迷离倘恍，杜甫的水上世界浑然阔大，厚重深沉。李白的诗才如系不住的奔马，束不住的白云，杜甫的诗才如昆山之玉、泰山之石。
1《梦游天姥吟留别》是一首游仙诗
《现代汉语词典》说，游仙诗是“古代借描述仙境以寄托个人怀抱的诗歌”。鉴赏这首诗，可从想像、夸张、浪漫主义手法方面入手。但重点还应放在本单元的重点：意境。
诗一开始借瀛洲的虚无缥缈来衬托现实的天姥山的神奇。进入梦幻之中，对仙境的描述，采用了想像和夸张的手法，天鸡鸣唱、熊咆龙吟、云之君披彩虹为衣，驱长风为马，虎为之鼓瑟，鸾为之驾车。神仙盛会开始了。他不但设计了众多神奇的动物和神仙，还渲染了情景，烘托了气氛，借月夜清光、鲜花奇石、乌云密布、深林战栗，日月交辉、金台银台，夺目绚丽，通过这些浪漫主义的非凡相象将这些神奇的景象凝聚在一起，才有这般辉煌灿烂、气象万千的描绘。
但这首诗不同于一般游仙诗的是，感慨深沉，抗议激烈，并非真正依托于虚幻之中，而是在神仙世界虚无缥缈的描述中，依然着眼于现实，仙境倏忽消失，梦境旋已破灭。诗人终于在惊悸中返回现实。对现实的愤激和不满使他愤然喊出了“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜”，一吐长安三年的郁闷之气。天外飞来之笔，点亮了全诗的主题。对于名山仙境的向往，是出于对权贵的抗争，他唱出了封建社会多少怀才不遇的人的心声。那“古来万事东流水”的消极也掩不住昂扬振奋的，潇洒出尘的气概。反而平添了几许妩媚和缠绵，一个立体的诗人站在我们面前，他仰天长叹，他痛心疾首，他义无返顾的骑鹿而去，留给我们的是望眼欲穿的感叹。
李白的诗歌恢弘超迈，有吞吐群星、包蕴日月的气象。才气逼人、其气奇、其气逸、其气壮。即使是愁，也是万古愁，所用色彩多用“白”，所用意象都超出了前人，有新的创造。如月、海、河等都有了新的境界。其意境阔大雄美，其语言流转自然，汪洋恣肆，音节格律自由，没有什么能羁绊他自由的思想。“笔落惊风雨，诗成泣鬼神”
2〈登岳阳楼〉唐代宗大历三年（768）冬，杜甫由湖北的江陵，漂泊到湖南的岳阳。三四两句是千古名句，登楼所见，洞庭湖水划分了吴国和楚国的疆界，日月星辰都像是整个地漂浮在湖水之中了一般。极力形容洞庭湖水的浩瀚壮阔、无边无际。但自己一身病痛，惟剩一条孤舟。从意境来说，三四句宽阔广大，五六句变得如此狭窄，可以结合第二题，让学生分析表达的感情。一是，空阔的境界，往往能激发人们的飘零之感，二是诗人的思想感情做基础，作者爱国爱民的胸襟宽广，才能与浩瀚壮阔的洞庭景色交融成一体，构成宏丽阔大的意境。
和李白的《与夏十二登岳阳楼》比较，李白所写洞庭景色也很阔大，如“川迥洞庭开”，但作者没有身世飘零之感，而是遇赦后的愉快心情，雁儿高飞，带走愁苦之心，月出山口，仿佛君山衔来好月，因此其意境宏丽美好，似真似幻。与《登》的沉郁悲壮有很大不同。是豪放飘逸。
3李白与杜甫
梦 登
背景
体裁 古体诗近体诗
意象
意境 神奇 阔大
情感 愤激 沉郁
风格 浪漫主义 现实主义
三、李白与李贺
积极浪漫主义（神奇瑰丽），消极浪漫主义（神奇怪谲）。
李白与李贺同为浪漫主义诗人，但他们的诗风迥然不同，这主要表现在以下三个方面：
一是思想格调不同，李白诗属于积极的浪漫主义，李贺诗却是消极的。李白的想象带有明显的连贯性、统一性，而李贺的想象却变幻莫测、跳跃性极强；
二是风格特色不同，李白诗风豪放飘逸，李贺诗风奇崛凄清。
三是语言不同，李白诗歌语言清新自然，明净华美；李贺的诗歌语言峭奇险怪，
《梦天》 ：通过梦游月宫，描写天上仙境，以派遣个人苦闷。从意象上看，阴沉的天色，阴雨连绵是老兔寒蟾在哭泣，云销雨霁，玉轮式的月亮在水汽上碾过，我和仙女在飘散着桂花香的小径上相遇。回看人世间，沧海桑田，变化之快如走马，只在弹指一挥间，九州有如九点烟尘，东海就象打翻了一杯水。诗人尽情驰骋想像，看到大地上的时间流逝和景物的渺小，表现了冷眼看世界的态度，寄寓了深沉的感慨。比喻新颖，体现了李贺诗歌变幻怪谲的艺术特色。
李白的神仙带着豪爽之气而来，和人一样热情，李贺的神仙带着诡怪之气而来，让人不可亲近。一飘逸轻灵，一幻化莫测。一蔑视权贵，追求个性自由，一向往天国，慨叹人生苦短。一昂扬振奋，一苦闷彷徨，从意境看，李白的诗明朗坦率，充满阳刚之美，李贺的诗幽深神秘，弥漫阴柔纤弱。
老兔寒蟾别样眼光看世界，
银河天姥一流风采耀诗坛。
李白 李贺
李贺
体裁
意象
意境
风格
四、韦庄与白居易
韦庄 白居易
背景 晚年回忆旧游 晚年回忆旧游
意境
优美闲适
欢快中暗含愁绪---还乡不得 景色美、风物美、女性美
无限怀想---第二故乡
韦庄(约公元836年一公元9)，字端己。五代前蜀诗人、词人。长安杜陵(今陕西西安东南)人。韦应物四世孙。广明二年(公元881年)在长安应举，适值黄巢起义军占领长安，未能脱走。中和二年(公元882年)春，逃至洛阳。后流落江南。乾宁元年(公元894年)再试及第，任校书郎。四年奉诏随谏议大夫李询入蜀宣谕。光化三年(公元9)除左补阙。天复元年(公元9)为西蜀王建掌书记。天桔四年(公元9)，劝王建称帝建前蜀，官至吏部侍郎平章事。终于蜀，谥文靖。曾居成都浣花溪畔杜甫草堂，后人又称“韦浣花”。诗多忧时伤乱之作，怀古感旧，缘情而发。其词尤具特色，内容虽不外男女欢爱、离愁别恨，然能注入作者平生漂泊乱离、思乡怀旧之感，感情真挚，笔调清新，能运密入疏，寓浓于淡，多用白描手法，是“花间词人”中的代表作家。
韦庄的《菩萨蛮》词，共有五首，前后呼应，一气流转，是在章法结构方面极有次第的一组作品。与其他词人随意为某一曲调填写许多首歌词的情形，颇有不同。韦庄曾多年流寓江南，即江浙一带，这五首《菩萨蛮》为韦庄晚年寓蜀回忆旧游之作。课文节选的是第二首。
因为你回到那弥漫着战乱烽火的故乡，只会有断肠的悲哀。讲到这里再回头看“人人尽说江南好，游人只人合江南老”，就会明白陈廷焯为什么赞美韦庄词“似直而纡，似达而郁”了。
陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》说“端已的词似直而纡，似达而郁，最为词中胜境。”这是韦庄词在艺术方面的真正好处。纡者，曲也；达者，通也。韦庄词表面显得直率，其实情意曲折；口吻看似通达，而内容其实沉郁，这正是词中最好的境界。故而况周颐《蕙风词话》评韦庄词谓其“尤能运密入疏，寓浓于淡，花间群贤，殆鲜其匹。”其“运密入疏，寓浓于淡”二句，与陈廷焯评语之“似直而纡，似达而郁”的评语，意思颇有相近之处，这都是对韦庄词之特色深有体会的话。
白居易：
第一首摄取一年之春的江南景色，写得生机盎然，色彩艳丽。“日出江花红胜火”一句刻画在初日映照下的江畔春花，红得胜过火焰。表现出春天花卉的生机勃勃之态，使人感到江南春色浓艳、热烈之美。次句说“春来江水绿如蓝”。春水荡漾，碧波千里，诗人更夸张地形容它比蓝草还要绿，这深浓的碧绿色，与上句日映江花的火红色相映发，便觉更加绚丽夺目。诗人敷彩设色，用色彩明艳的词藻，很好地显示出江南春色的迷人之态，像作者这样长期居住在苏杭的人自然是“能不忆江南!”即便素未到过江南的人也会急欲一睹为快。
如果说第一首是对江南春色的客观的把握，总体的描绘，来表明“江南好”，那么第二、三首便是通过突出描绘苏、杭这两个被人喻为可同天堂媲美的地方来验证“江南好”了。古神话中有月中桂树的传说。《南部新书》载：“杭州灵隐寺多桂，寺僧曰：‘此月中种也。’至今中秋望夜，往往子堕，寺僧亦尝拾得。”可见这寺中月桂的说法不过是寺僧自神其说而已。但是，生活真实不等于艺术真实，作品运用这一传说，意在表达杭州的非同凡俗。同时“山寺月中寻桂子”也表现了诗人浪漫的想像，我们眼前仿佛现出怒放的丹桂，闻到桂子浓郁的芳香。次句“郡亭枕上看潮头”则描绘了杭州浙江入海的奇观。诗人通过对当年山寺寻桂和钱塘观潮两个代表性的生活画面的描写，仅用两句话就足以使人想见杭州之多彩多姿。
最后一首是描绘苏州之美。苏州有当年吴王夫差为美人西施修建的馆娃宫等风景名胜古迹，有名叫“竹叶春”的美酒佳酿，苏州的女子也更美丽多姿，能歌善舞，她们的舞姿，令人联想到那在风中沉醉的荷花。诗人以美妙的诗笔，简洁地勾勒出苏州的旖旎风情，令人无比神往。
三首词各自独立而又互为补充，分别描绘江南的景色美，风物美和女性之美，每首都以“江南好”开篇，而以直接深情之句作结，艺术概括力强，意境奇妙，使人读其词而直欲奔向江南实地观览一番。
五．学生活动设计：
1、创作关于李白和杜甫的对联（联系生平经历、作品、意象、艺术手法等）
通过这个活动整理李杜生平，写小传，备材料。
如：上联：（征下联）（朝阳区特级教师崔秀琴）
下峨眉上莲花梦游天姥 都云作者痴 我叹诗仙山水志
学生自创联：
山月明月峨眉月月下起舞总独酌
孤舟危舟月夜舟舟中悲秋常作客
开元盛世酌酒花间恣长歌
安史之乱抱病舟上涕泗流
举杯邀月对影三人自云酒中仙
吹风拂草月映孤舟惟见世中圣
为国哭为民泣 时塑诗中圣
对梦痴对月狂 世造酒中仙
力士脱靴贵妃捧酒天子宾客放逐岂是蓬蒿人
长安叩门草屋受损严武幕府流浪总做孤独客
2、读余光中〈李白〉，仿写给李白的诗
3、课外阅读〈唐诗韵 诗仙李白〉写一篇〈诗圣杜甫〉或〈诗佛王维〉，整理诗人小传
三、推荐作品怎样使用
1、练习拓展
可以选择自学或者利用学案练习。学生找自己喜欢或熟悉的作家作品进行鉴赏。
1王维与杜甫都已讲透，完全放手给学生鉴赏。写出鉴赏作品，学习〈唐诗鉴赏词典〉的写法。或者抓住突出的特点写一段鉴赏文字。要给例子，如前两首的鉴赏作品示例，以指导这两首。
2苏轼上学期讲过。这首诗和背景关系不大。
3《扬州慢》和《长相思》比较生疏，可介绍词人生平，帮助理解。但也要围绕“置身诗境 缘景明情”来做。
2、专题总结
写景诗的心灵境界
学了这么多写情景交融的诗，应该对这类诗来个总结。
意象总结：月、黄昏
1）“月”中的生命情怀
月在中国诗歌中包含着丰富的意蕴，有月下徘徊、月下孤独的生命漂泊之感，有月下相思、月下怀人的缠绵悱恻之情，悠闲自在、高洁的情怀，有仰望宇宙天人合一的时空永恒之理。
月
《春江花月夜》
《夜归鹿门歌》
《登岳阳楼》
《菩萨蛮》
《山居秋暝》
王维
空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。
明月松间照，清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。
鹿柴
空山不见人，
但闻人语响。
返景入深林，
复照青苔上。
竹里馆
独坐幽篁里，
弹琴复长啸。
深林人不知，
明月来相照。
鸟鸣涧
人闲桂花落，
夜静春山空。
月出惊山鸟，
时鸣春涧中。
石头城
刘禹锡
山围故国周遭在，
潮打空城寂寞回。
淮水东边旧时月，
夜深还过女墙来。
《把酒问月》
李白
今人不见古时月，
今月曾经照古人。
古人今人若流水，
共看明月皆如此。
《十五夜望月》
王建
中庭地白树栖鸦，
冷露无声湿桂花。
今夜月明人尽望，
不知秋思落谁家？
《月夜忆舍弟》
杜甫
戍鼓断人行，边秋一雁声。
露从今夜白，月是故乡明。
有弟皆分散，无家问死生。
寄书长不达，况乃未休兵。
《望月怀远》
张九龄
海上生明月，
天涯共此时。
情人怨遥夜，
竟夕起相思。
灭烛怜光满，
披衣觉露滋。
不堪盈手赠，
还寝梦佳期。
“缺月挂疏桐，漏断人初静，谁见幽人独往来？缥缈孤鸿影。”苏轼《卜算子》：
“今晓酒醒何处？杨柳岸晓风残月”--柳永《雨霖铃》
“举杯邀明月，对影成三人”--李白《月下独酌》
2）、李白的月亮
据统计，在李白诗集中提到月的诗句不下三百处。“酒缺月无味，景无月不美。”月在李白的点染下变得千姿百态，气象万千：论时间有秋月、古月、汉月等，论地点有秦地月、萧湘月、溪月、湖月等；他把月比作飞天镜、瑶台镜、白玉盘，并形容为素月、浩月、孤月、朗月、半轮秋等；他可以泛月、醉月、步月、乘月、揽月、寄月，他甚至可以去赊月。月亮唤起了李白不尽的诗兴和灵感。李白的月亮诗蕴藏了巨大的人格力量和深刻的哲理精神，完成了月亮由自然客体向人格意志的转变，使中国古代文学中的月亮主题提升到一个新的境界。
3）、黄昏：
夕阳西下、“日之夕矣，羊牛下来。君子于役，如之何勿思！”为千古黄昏吟咏之祖，黄昏为一天中最具安宁、平和之家庭意味的时刻，渴望安宁团圆的安顿身体和心灵的心理需求，使得“黄昏”时的情感最为强烈。“暝色入高楼，有人楼上愁”“日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁”“古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。”。为何“断肠”，说不清楚，就是一种惶惶然，漂泊无着的黄昏体验。
《夜归鹿门歌》“山寺钟鸣昼已昏，渔梁渡头争渡喧。” 王维“荒城临古渡，落日满秋山”姜夔的“渐黄昏，清角吹寒，都在空城。”都在增加着这种共同的悲时伤世、漂泊流浪、寻找寄托、渴望安顿心灵的惶然和急迫。所以，孟浩然在找到“鹿门月照开烟树，忽到庞公栖隐处。”王维在‘迢递嵩高下，归来且闭关。”后心灵都找到了栖息处，归于平静祥和。
让学生再找十处不同的黄昏的句子：
平林漠漠烟如织，寒山一带伤心碧。暝色入高楼，有人楼上愁。玉阶空伫立，宿鸟归飞急，何处是归程，长亭更短亭。（李白《菩萨蛮》）
楼上黄昏欲望休，玉梯横绝月中钩。
芭蕉不展丁香结，同向春风各自愁。（李商隐《代赠》）
怪禽啼旷野，落日恐人行。（《暮过山林》）
乌纱巾上是黄尘，落日荒原更恐人。（《十里》）
日暮苍山远，天寒白屋贫。柴门闻犬吠，风雪夜归人。（刘长卿《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》）
其实，杜甫诗中的“亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟”中的孤舟、纳兰词中的“夜深千帐灯”中的“灯”都可归为这类意象。让学生再找十句含“孤舟”“灯”的句子：
月黑见渔灯，孤光一点莹。微微风簇浪，散作满天星。”---查慎行《舟夜书所见》
雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。-----
＃补充资料：
1、孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》
八月湖水平，涵虚混太清。气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。
欲济无舟楫，端居耻圣明。坐观垂钓者，徒有羡鱼情。
这是一首干谒诗。但描写出了洞庭湖的壮阔景象。三四句实写湖，第三句写出湖的丰厚的蓄积，仿佛广大的沼泽地带，都受到湖的滋养哺育，才显得那样草木繁茂，郁郁苍苍。波撼衬托湖的澎湃动荡。城市瑟缩不安地匍匐在它的脚下。这么大的湖水是为了说明自己想渡过却没有船只，于是向垂钓者发出呼吁。作为干谒诗，有分寸，不失身份，不露寒乞相，不卑不亢，已经是第一等文字，无可挑剔了。但和杜甫的沉郁顿挫，忧国忧民比起来，就显得境界窄而气魄小了。
2、姜夔：
3、纳兰性德：
不作人间富贵花
性德姓纳兰，原名成德，后因避太子讳，改名性德，字容若，号楞伽山人，顺治十一年十二月十二日（1655年1月19日）生于满洲正黄旗一个贵族家庭。纳兰氏是满洲著姓，金代三十一姓之一，通常写作纳喇氏或那拉氏。性德的曾祖金台什生当明朝万历年间（1573-1620），是海西女真叶赫部的领袖，与建州部女真的领袖努尔哈赤彼此争雄。后来努尔哈赤统一了叶赫，金台什的后人就成了满洲的贵族。金台什的妹妹嫁与努尔哈赤，即太祖高皇后，她的儿子皇太极是太宗文皇帝。纳兰氏世代在清朝都很显贵。性德十岁那年，父亲明珠担任了内务府总管，总理皇家事务，后来接连升任左都御史，刑、兵、吏各部尚书，保和殿、武英殿大学士，累加太子太傅、太子太师，一时权倾朝野。
性德就在这样的家庭环境与政治气氛中长大。他自幼聪颖，好学深思，十八岁就中了举人，十九岁会试中式，三年后应殿试，中二甲七名进士。他这次殿试考得很出色，入对殿廷，数千言立就，条对剀切，书法遒逸，考官大臣无不惊叹。康熙皇帝满心欢喜，特意把他留在身边，授乾清门三等侍卫（正五品），后又升为二等侍卫（正四品）、一等侍卫（正三品）。挑选八旗贵族的精干子弟充当侍卫，考察他们的才能，培养他们对君主的感情，然后委以重任，这是清代皇帝发现和训练栋梁之才的一个重要途径。性德的父亲明珠就是由侍卫起家的，性德的弟弟揆叙也是初任侍卫，后至翰林院掌院学士、都察院左都御史。性德以进士出身而授侍卫，在他面前展开的实在是一条通往尊显的光明大道。
但性德却是个醉心风雅、酷爱生活而薄于功名的人。他虽然门阀崇隆，但却性情恬淡，“闭门扫轨，萧然若寒素”（徐乾学：《纳兰君墓志铭》）。那些奔走权门希风望泽者接踵而来，他却不喜会客，自在幽静处弹琴赋诗。他昼夜穷研经学，在他的座师一代名儒徐乾学的指导下，辑印了一千八百多卷的《通志堂经解》。他喜欢书法，善诗，尤爱词学，曾自选唐五代以来诸名家词，又依洪武韵改并连属编成《词韵正略》一书（已佚）。他填的词清新秀隽，自然超逸，都下竞相传写。他结交了严绳孙、顾贞观、秦松龄、陈维崧、姜宸英这样一批失意于时的海内名士，经常在龙华僧舍、花间草堂、渌水亭等处，咏月吟花，纵论文史、摩挲书画。对他这样一个放达不拘的人来说，入侍禁庭无异是进了牢笼。他的拟古诗第三十九首云：我本落拓人，无为自拘束。倜傥寄天地，樊笼非所欲。嗟哉华亭鹤，荣名反以辱！他羡慕野鹤朝饮碧泉暮宿沧江那样自由自在的生活。而现在，他要在这森严枯寂的宫院中度过一个个晨昏，要在那皇帝出巡的行列里紧随马队和旌旗，“动止类循墙”（《野鹤吟赠友》），“耳目有拘系”（《和友人饮酒》之二），不能多说一句话，不能多走一步路。尽管康熙皇帝对他格外垂青，先后赐给他金牌、衣物等很多东西，巡幸各地及登东岳、幸阙里、省江南，处处都叫他随侍。朝中人人羡慕，以为贵近臣中没一个能比得上他。然而性德“身在高门广厦，常有山泽鱼鸟之思”（韩I：《纳兰君神道碑铭》），他渴望的是美好的人生。他的词中写道：一生一代一双人，争教两处销魂？相思相望不相亲，天为谁春！（《画堂春》）他向往与友人团聚、与情人厮守，抱怨美好的事总难圆满。照这般亲人难亲，老天爷呀，那你的大好春光还为谁而设呢？也许有人说他没有壮志雄图，没有男儿气象。他有自己的观念：非关癖爱轻模样，冷处偏佳，别有根芽，不是人间富贵花。（《采桑子塞上咏雪花》）他羡慕冷处轻模样，只因它不是热闹场中富贵花。他想摆脱浮名，然而不能：“学得海鸥无事，闲飞闲宿”一身却总被“浮名束”。他嗟怨无止息的巡幸将他与情人遥隔万里，抱恨为了君王事耗尽了宝贵年华，失去了真正生活的光辉：长飘泊，多愁多病心情恶。心情恶，模糊一片，强分哀乐。拟将欢笑排离索，镜中无奈颜非昨。颜非昨，才华向浅，因何福薄！（《忆秦娥》）这种“令人怆神寒骨不可久居”的词境，正是他的热烈追求受到冷酷现实的摧折以后悲凉心境的自然反映。
性德多情而笃于友谊。他和妻子卢氏感情极好。卢氏夭亡，他悲痛欲绝，时时梦中相见。一次他梦见妻子淡装素服，执着他的手，哽咽着讲了许多话，临行送他两句诗：“衔恨愿为天上月，年年犹得向郎圆。”他醒来悲伤不已，作《沁园春》一首： 瞬息浮生，薄命如斯，低徊怎忘。自那番摧折，无衫不泪，几年恩爱，有梦何妨。最苦啼鹃，频催别鸽，赢得更阑哭一场。遗容在，只灵飚一转，未许端详。重寻碧落茫茫，料短发朝来定有霜。信人间天上，尘缘未断，春花秋月，触绪堪伤。欲结绸缪，翻惊漂泊，两处鸳鸯各自凉。真无奈，把声声檐雨，谱入愁乡。哀感凄切，声泪俱随，令人不能卒读。
关于纳兰的评论
顾贞观：“容若词一种凄婉处令人不忍卒读。”
王国维：“纳兰容若以自然之眼观物，以自然之舌言情。此初入中原未染汉人风气，故能真切如此，北宋以来，一人而已。”
郑振铎：“纳兰词缠绵清婉，为当代冠。”
4、推荐书目：
《栖息在诗意中--王维小传》（林继中）
《纵横论王维》（王志清）
《苏东坡传》 （林语堂）
《杜甫传》（冯至）
《西风独自凉 （清初词人--纳兰容若传）（作者：朴月）
《当时只道是寻常:纳兰词的情意写真》（作者：安意如)
五、学生活动设计：
一、我的研究专题
推荐研究题目
① 王维的山水田园诗
② 王维诗歌中的“禅趣”
③ 苏轼的旷达
④ 杜甫小传
⑤ 李白与杜甫
⑥ 姜夔的婉约
⑦ 我所知道的纳兰
⑧ 纳兰词的美
⑨ 论“温韦”“花间词派”的含蓄婉约
⑩ 忧患意识与儒学传统
二、分小组结成研究性学习小组，开展研究性学习研究，准备好论文答辩会
操作程序：
1、提供研究报告
2、成立答辩委员会
3、设计答辩程序
（北大、清华等名牌大学的自主招生比例要逐渐加大到50%，这正是语文教学大显身手的时间。做好答辩可以应对面试，做好研究性学习可以应对笔试，做好课外阅读可以应对阅读和写作。）
三、对联征集
教师可设计关于这些作者的上联，通过征下联来复习综合知识，一举多得。
四、古诗创作
培养创新思维
五、高考连接
六、单元总结：
1我对置身诗境的体会是 ：
2我对缘景明情的体会是：
3我所读到的自然景色有：、花、月、树、江、湖、船、白鹭、黄鹂、海鸥、细草、沙鸥、野桃、溪柳、荠麦、红药、二十四桥------
时间：春、夏、秋、冬、夜、
地点：长江、洞庭湖、山海关、扬州、杭州、成都、蓝田、江南、襄阳
4我的诗：练习写古诗，是鉴赏诗歌的最佳途径。创作的过程就是学习鉴赏的过程。只要写一首好诗，鉴赏就能提高一个大档次。要设计符合学生实际的题目。北京自然景色的诗，一方面增添诗歌感受，一方面补充风土人情，增加文化含量。
如：咏红叶（香山）、咏竹（紫竹院）、咏樱花（玉渊潭）、咏荷花（颐和园）
湖南卷）阅读下面两首唐诗，然后回答问题。（5分）
闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄 李白
扬花落尽子规啼，闻道龙标过五溪。
我寄愁心与明月，随风直到夜郎西。
龙标野宴 王昌龄
沅溪夏晚足凉风，春酒相携就竹丛。
莫道弦歌愁远谪，青山明月不曾空。
【注】龙标：古地名，今属湖南黔阳。
两首诗都有一“愁”字，但其在诗中的含义和所起的作用各不相同，请简要分析 答案】
李白诗中的“愁”是怀人之愁；它是全诗的“诗眼”，作者以此统摄全诗。
王昌龄诗中的“愁”是远谪之愁；作者以“愁”衬托自己不以远谪为念，寄情山 水的旷达之情。
〖注释〗
（1）王昌龄：唐代诗人，天宝年间被贬为龙标县尉。左迁：贬谪，降职。龙标 ：唐代县名，在今湖南黔阳县，唐时这里还是非常荒远的地方。
（2）左迁:古尊右卑左，左迁即贬官。
（3）杨花：柳絮。子规：即杜鹃鸟，啼声哀婉凄切。
（4）子规：即杜鹃鸟。
（5）龙标:今湖南黔阳，唐时甚僻。诗中指王昌龄，古人常用官职或任官之地的 州县名来称呼一个人。
（6）五溪：指沅溪、武溪、西溪、巫溪、辰溪五条溪水，在今湖南西部和贵州 东部。
（7）随风：一作“随君”。
（8）夜郎: 汉代我国西南地区少数民族曾在今贵州西部、北部和云南东北部及 四川南部部分地区建立过政权，称为夜郎。唐代在今贵州桐梓和湖南沅陵等地设 过夜郎县。这里指湖南的夜郎（在今新晃侗族自治县境，与黔阳邻近）。李白当 时在东南，所以说“随风直到夜郎西”。（广东卷）阅读下面的诗歌，然后回答问题。（7分）
木芙蓉 吕本中
小池南畔木芙蓉，雨后霜前着意红。
犹胜无言旧桃李，一生开落任东风。
窗前木芙蓉 范成大
辛苦孤花破小寒，花心应似客心酸。
更凭青女①留连得，未作愁红怨绿看。
[注]①青女：传说中掌管霜雪的女神。
⑴这两首诗都描述了木芙蓉的什么自然属性？都运用了哪种修辞手法？（2分）
⑵两首诗中木芙蓉的形象有什么不同？（5分）
【参考答案】
（1）描述了木芙蓉开花的自然属性。运用了拟人手法。
（2）吕诗着重描写的是逍遥闲适，任由风吹雨打的形象；范诗写的木芙蓉孤苦 、心酸，处境凄凉，但作者并没有把这花看作愁苦。前者是闲适之士的豪迈与大 度的形象，后者是在凄苦孤独的环境中的乐观者形象。
篇6：第二单元《挚情的呼唤》(高二选修) 教案教学设计
第二单元《挚情的呼唤》(人教版高二选修) 教案教学设计
课题 第二单元《挚情的呼唤》 课堂类型 新授
教
学
目
标 知识与技能 过程与方法 情感态度与价值观
理解诗歌内涵，领会真挚情感，体会诗歌以情动人的特点。 体会诗歌语言特点，训练语感，提高语言的感悟能力。 领会诗歌“诗缘情而绮靡”的意义，学习诗歌的抒情艺术。
教学重点 体会诗歌语言特点，训练语感，提高语言的感悟能力。
教学难点 领会诗歌“诗缘情而绮靡”的意义，学习诗歌的抒情艺术。
教学方法 自读品味法、讨论交流法 学法设计 研究讨论--分析归纳
教
学
过
程 教学内容安排：
1、阅读讲解讨论《诗的发现》
2、诵读本单元所有课文，感受诗歌情感。
教学过程安排：
一、挚情的呼唤--感悟诗歌情感
1、朗读诗歌，初步感知
2、说说你所感受到的诗歌表达的情感（体会写什么）
（1）《贺新郎》（毛泽东）表达对妻子的依依柔情，更表现了献身革命的激情。二者水乳交融，互为映衬。
（2）《也许》（闻一多）表达对早夭的女儿的刻骨的爱，以及失去女儿的无限的痛苦。
（3）《一个小农家的暮》（刘半农）表达思乡之情，对农村田园生活的向往之情。
（4）《秋歌》（{弦）表达一种向往，一种追求。诗行透露出的.情感，至诚至柔。
（5）《妈妈》（江非）表达了对妈妈的歌颂和热爱。
二、柔软的心--体会情感表达的方法（探究怎么写）
（一）《贺新郎》
1、化用古诗典故和诗意
2、对比与衬托（异常）：把儿女私情与革命激情相对比，又相映衬，突出了青年革命者的追求理想的高大形象，又表现了真实的儿女情长。
3、以景衬情：凄清的秋天初晨之景，衬托别情离绪之沉重；此沉重又反衬出青年革命者离家投身革命、实现伟大抱负的可敬可佩。 估时
4、细节描写：“眼角”两句，写离愁别绪，是常理；“住”字又突出了异常，表现对方（妻子杨开慧）的深明大义。
（二）《也许》
以痴想表达对早夭的女儿的爱意柔情，其中隐含的悲怆与无奈，比捶胸顿足更令人不忍卒读，更加的撕心裂肺！对比。想象。至柔至痴。不谐中的和谐。
（三）《一个小农家的暮》
1、细节描写。选取最有代表性的日常细节画面，体现农村平民生活的和谐与宁静。
2、口语化的语言。质朴无华滋味隽永。
3、声想结合，动静结合。
4、结尾异常。引民歌入诗，与前面的和谐宁静情调迥异，表现了对民生的关怀。
（四）《秋歌》
1、化用古意。前三节，意象的选择别有诗意，有古典的美。为后两节的抒情营造了古朴典雅的诗歌意境。
2、朦胧含蓄。文中的主体意象是“暖暖”。我们可以感受到“我”对暖暖的深情与依恋，欣喜与呵护，但却对“暖暖”是谁颇费猜度。
（五）《妈妈》
1、对比写法。城市化与农村生活的对比。撼人心魄的是最后五行。前面都为这五行铺垫，它不止是反衬农村生活的艰苦，更是反衬生活在农村的妈妈的伟大，突出“我”对妈妈的赞美和思念。
2、欲扬先抑。对现代城市化的生活，妈妈也许都没见过，都不懂。但妈妈又勤劳，有爱，那一切其实都显得并不重要。
3、细节叙写。白描，毫无渲染，却令人感动。
分类作业 A类: 仔细阅读《诗的发现》，进一步感悟诗歌情感。
B类: 研讨《贺新郎》《也许》的诗意。
预习布置 《贺新郎》
板书设计 挚情的呼唤--感悟诗歌情感
柔软的心--体会情感表达的方法
课后反思
篇7：《长江之歌》第二课时教案(粤教版高二必修) 教案教学设计
《长江之歌》第二课时教案(粤教版高二必修) 教案教学设计
第二课时
一、指名朗读课文。
二、精读训练。
1、观看系列片《话说长江》片断，听《长江之歌》。
《话说长江》这部系列片让我们感受到了长江那宏伟、壮观的气势，作者说--
2、出示： 我们赞美长江，
你是无穷的源泉；
我们依恋长江，
你有母亲的情怀。
3、自由读。说说读了这句诗想了解什么。
4、交流：（1）为什么说长江是无穷的源泉？
（2）“情怀”是什么意思？为什么说长江有母亲的情怀？
5、精读第1节：
（1） 自由读，四人小组讨论：从哪些地方看出长江是无穷的源泉？
（2）交流。
出示：你从雪山走来，
春潮是你的丰采；
你向东海奔去，
惊涛是你的气概。
（“雪山”在祖国的最西部，“东海”在祖国的最东部，长江能从祖国的最西部走来，向祖国的最东部奔去，说明她源泉是无穷的。）
指导朗读：这两个分句我们该怎样读？哪些词提示了你？
（第一个分句要读得柔和一些，因为长江是“走来”，第二个分句读时要让人感觉有气概，因为长江是“奔去”。）
（3）默读第1节，思考：从哪些地方看出长江有母亲的情怀？
（4）交流：
出示： 你用甘甜的乳汁，
哺育各族儿女；
你用健美的臂膀，
挽起高山大海。
（“哺育各族儿女”：只有母亲才会哺育儿女，在这里把长江看作了母亲，而且长江哺育的是各族儿女，可见这位母亲的胸怀是多么的宽阔。
“你用健美的臂膀，挽起高山大海”：这里又把长江拟人化了，长江很长，它就像母亲伸长那健美的臂膀，从西至东，把祖国的高山大海拉在手里，让它们紧密联系在一起，永不分离。）
指导学生看地图，并联系实际想象体会“哺育、挽起”的意义。
指导朗读：这一句我们要读得很深情。
（5）指导朗读最后一句，要读出“赞美”“依恋”的感情。
（6）齐读第1节。指导背诵第1节。
6、精读第2节。
（1）听录音，思考：从哪些地方看出长江是无穷的源泉，它有母亲的情怀？
（ 2）交流：
从哪些地方看出长江是无穷的源泉？
（“远古”是指很遥远的古代，长江从远古走来，向未来奔去，时间跨度很大，长江永远不会停息，所以说它是无穷的源泉。）
指导朗读第一句：“走”、“奔”句与第一部分的“走”、“奔”句对比读，体会长江的宏伟气势和永葆青春的活力。
（“灌溉花的国土”：祖国的领土那么大，长江能将它们一起灌溉，所以说它是“无穷的源泉”。“推动新的时代”：长江能推动时代的发展，力量是无穷的。）
从哪些地方看出长江具有母亲的情怀？
（“你用纯洁的清流，灌溉花的国土”：母爱是纯洁的、神圣的，长江像母亲一样滋润着祖国的每寸土地。
“你用磅礴的力量，推动新的时代”：母亲的力量是巨大的，长江就像母亲一样，对新时代的发展起着不可估量的作用。）
（3）师引读：所以，“我们--赞美长江……”
（4）指导朗读第2节。
（ 5）指导背诵第2节。
四、练习朗读全诗。
1、同学们，作者从空间和时间上歌颂了长江，学完了这首诗，你们有什么感想呢？
2、是啊，长江源远流长、宏伟博大、多姿多彩；长江古老悠久、气势磅礴、力量无穷。让我们以饱满的热情去赞美长江，表达出我们对这位伟大母亲的依恋之情。
3、练习朗读。
五、学唱歌曲。
六、板书设计： 你是无穷的源泉 ？
长江之歌
你有母亲的情怀 ？
教学反思：
导语虽然不是课堂教学的主要内容，却是与教学内容紧密相关的一个重要的教学步骤。导语设计得如何，往往关系到全局和教学效果的好坏。著名特级教师于漪老师说过：课的`开始，其导入语就好比提琴家上弦，歌唱家定调。第一个音定准了，就为演奏或者歌唱奠定了良好的基础。一堂成功的语文课，首先应是一篇流淌着诗意的美的散文。对一个老师来说，他不但要有又专又博的知识，还要有敏捷的思考能力和良好的语言素养。教学语言不同于普通语言、它是在逻辑语言、科学语言的基础提炼升华而形成的、为浓烈的感情浸泡透了的、形象化的、韵律和谐而又优美动听的语言。教师运用这种审美化、情感化了的语言去讲课，就能极大地唤起学生的感情，充分显示出教学语言“以情激情”的巨大美感作用。
设计导语时，恰到好处地运用一些名曲旋律，不但能够很快地渲染一种氛围，而且能创设“先声夺人”的审美情境，让课堂教学充满诗情画意，体现出鲜明的抒情格调，让学生接受美的熏陶，这种熏陶不仅有利于语文学习本身，而且有利于学生心灵与人格的健康发育。
尽可能保持导入这个教学环节的新颖性，不但是吸引学生、激起学习兴趣的有力保证，而且，我发现，会使学生在这个基础上产生更高水平的求知欲，使直接兴趣变为间接兴趣。
当然，设计导入方法要因文而异，要自然、妥帖。既不能为“导入”而导入，完全是为了追求兴趣，又不能扯得太远，说得太多以免“喧宾夺主”，给人以画蛇添足之嫌。
篇8：高二下18单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
1 These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly.这些筷子又好吃又环保。
点拨：friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
e.g.1.A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。
e.g.3.It’s a government friendly to our interests.这是一个符合我们利益的政府。
2．throw away：1）抛弃，扔掉：作为无用而除去：threw away yesterday's newspaper.扔掉昨天的报纸
2）To fail to take advantage of:丧失，错过：未能利用：
threw away a chance to make a fortune.丧失赚大钱的机会
throw up：To vomit.呕吐
3 Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop computer?你厌倦了随身携带一个沉重的笔记本电脑了么？
点拨：tire作为动词，为使役动词，意思是“使某人劳累”。词组tire sb.of sth.是“使某人厌倦了某事”的意思。所以sb.be tired of sth./doing sth.意为“某人厌倦了某事/做某事”。
e.g.1.When a man is tired of London,he is tired of life.当一个人厌倦了伦敦的时候，他也就厌倦了生活。
e.g.2.I am tired of your stupid remarks.我听烦了你的蠢话。
拓展：sb.be tired of sth.意思是“某人厌烦了某事”，但是sb.be tired with sth.是“某人做某事累了”。因此，应从上下文中推断应该采用哪一个词组。
考题：-Do you like your new job as a shop assistant?
-Very much.But I am tired standing all day.
A.of B.with C.by D.about 答案：B
5 If you use our inflatable bike,you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
如果你使用了我们的可充气自行车，你可以非常简单地放出空气，把你的自行车放进书包里。
点拨：1）let out 在此为“放掉”的意思。
e.g.1.There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有个人在花园里，把狗放出来吧。
e.g.2.Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.释放气球中的空气,把它放在塑料袋里。
2）.let sth.out 还有“使知道；泄露”的含义:
e.g.Who let that story out?是谁泄露了消息?
3）.let sth.out 还有“放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸”的意思
e.g.I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
4）.let sth.out还有“出租（房屋等）”的意思
e.g.I want to live outside London.Do you know there is any house let out?
我想住在伦敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋吗？
6 How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?人们怎么会想出新发明的主意呢？
点拨：come up with 有两层含义
1.想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生
e.g.1.He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上来。
e.g.3.People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
人们把各种主意用不同的方式组合在一起，形成一些新想法。
e.g.4.He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。
拓展：1.come up with 还有“赶上”的含义
e.g.We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
我们在努力达到先进水平。
2.come up 有“显现；出现，提升，靠近”的含义
e.g.The question never came up.这个问题未从曾发生过。
e.g.The sun came up.太阳升起来了。
e.g.a general who came up from the ranks按等级晋升的将军
e.g.came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
3.come down的含义:传递；传给；减价
e.g.The song comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从10世纪一直传到我们这一代。
e.g.These legends came down to us from the 15th century.这些传说是从15世纪流传下来的。
e.g.I don’t think TV sets will come down this year,do you?我看今年电视机的价格不会跌,你看呢?
7 Instead,it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.
相反，创造力，这个在社会里被认作是最有价值的技能之一，似乎只是一种习惯的问题。
1)点拨：a matter of 此处用来表示“正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情”。
e.g.1.Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答这个问题只不过要运用一下你的智慧。
e.g.2.To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解决这个问题仅仅是个时间问题。
拓展：1.a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。
e.g.We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我们大约只等了10分钟。
3.词组a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情
4.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 见仁见智的事情
5.as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
2) highly high作副词的区别
Highly is describing how we think of something or someone. adv.
1）高度地；非常；极
a highly scientific approach高度科学性的方法
It is highly important for us to combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness.
“对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。”
2）赞许地；优厚地；超乎寻常地
a highly paid official薪金优厚的官员
He spoke very highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。
Our department store has always been very highly commended.我们的百货商店一向受到高度赞扬。
He is highly estimated among his fellows.同事们对他的评价很高。
High: 1)At, in, or to a lofty position, level, or degree:（位置、水平高度、程度）高地：
saw a plane high in the sky; prices that had gone too high.看见高空中那架飞机；价格简直太高了
2)In an extravagant or luxurious way:挥霍地：以奢侈的、豪华的方式：
made a fortune and lived high.交了好运且生活奢华
3) value： vt. 估价；定价
He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
2）尊重；珍视I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告
8 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
点拨：此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、不定式有对称使用的特点。
e.g.1.眼见为实可以表示为Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe.
e.g.2.To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。
e.g.3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
e.g.4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类自己。
e.g.5.To teach is to learn.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than .
A.if you lose your spirit B.losing his spirit C.to lose one’s spirit D.your spirit getting lost 答案：C
9 Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try“impossible ”or“crazy”solutions.
发明家们常常为了使用创造性的方法，或尝试一些不可能或疯狂的方法多次解决问题。
点拨：allow for有 “考虑；顾及；把某事算在内”的含义。
e.g.1.We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。
e.g.2.It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
e.g.3.Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火车晚点考虑在内， 我们应该在十点半之前回来。
e.g.4.Allowing for wastage,the gas will last 3 weeks.留出损耗,这些汽油可以维持3周。
allows of： The poem allows of several interpretations.这首诗可以有好几种解释
比较：allow与permit
permit作动词用时相当于allow，用法相似。同是 allow/permit sb.to do与allow/permit doing sth.
与allow不同的是，它强调“得到上级或文件正式认可的允许”，意为“正式批准、许可”，比allow正式；allow所表示的允许，含有“听任、默许”之意。但在实际语言运用中的区别并不那么严格，在很多情况下可以交换使用。
e.g.1.I’ll visit him tomorrow if weather permits.如果天气条件许可，明天我要去拜访他。
e.g.2.Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk.每个学生被允许五分钟自由谈话。
e.g.3.Smoking is not permitted in this cinema.本电影院不许吸烟。
考题： is not allowed here. You are not allowed here.
A.To smoke B.Smoking C.To be smoking D.Having smoked 答案：BA
10 otherwise: adv.1)不同地
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
I was otherwise engaged last Sunday evening.
上星期天晚上我另外有约。;上星期天晚上我另外有事。
2)（在）其他方面
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
3)（在不同情况下）否则
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
12 attempt:v attempt to do attempt +n
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我试图一次读完整本小说
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
我们尝试在没有外援的情况下完成复杂的特技动作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
13 If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer,we may get stuck.
如果我们仅仅去寻求正确的答案而否定了没有完整答案的想法，我们就会陷入困惑之中。
点拨：1.及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受，屈服。
e.g.1.He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
e.g.2.We rejected his idea for a music club,and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。
e.g.The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
2.stuck 是stick 的过去式和过去分词，sb./sth.be stuck 在此表示某人、某物被难住;保持或变得静止；被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住。
e.g.1.We are late because we have been stuck in traffic for an hour.我们迟到了因为被卡在交通阻塞中达一个小时。
e.g.2.The door is stuck-I can’t open it. 门卡住了， 我打不开。
e.g.3.He was stuck in the mud and can’t move. 他陷在泥里，动不了。
比较：be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
e.g.We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
e.g.She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
14 Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思考的作用是很明确的--破旧立新。
点拨：break away表示逃走；逃脱 break away from 表示摆脱某物， 从……中脱离开来
e.g.1.The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。
e.g.2.Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
拓展：break away 还可以表示“断裂；开裂”的含义
e.g.A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。
15 Unfortunately,it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge.很不幸，我们很容易把一个新的想法仅局限于我们先前知识的一个方面。
点拨：connect在此处表示连接或系在一起。搭配为 connect sth.to/with sth.
e.g.1.There is no reason to connect the two events. /There is no reason to connect the event to/with that one. 没有理由把这两件事联想在一起
拓展:还可以表示:用通讯工具联系或连接，搭配为connect sb.to sb.
e.g.1.Please connect me to the number in San Diego.请给我接圣地亚哥这个电话号码。
另外，connect 还可以作为不及物动词
e.g.2.Two streams connect to form a river.两条小溪汇流成一条大河。
名词为connection,词组 in connection with 表示“关于……，与……有关”。
e.g.Do you believe that there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease?你相信吸烟与心脏病有关系吗?
16 apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 请求；申请I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。
2)应用；使用；适用to apply a nickname用绰号
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他伤口上涂药。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
4)产生作用；有直接关系What I have said does not apply to you.我说的话与你无关。
This rule does not apply.这个规则不适用。
4)专心；集中精力apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Application: n应用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。
2)适用
This has no application to the case这不适用于那个案子。
3)正式申请；书面申请
an application for a job求职书
4)敷用（药物）
5)勤勉；专心
He worked with great application.
他工作非常勤奋。
17 Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive and studies have shown that our most respected scientists produce not only some of the best ideas,but also a great many bad ones.
大多数著名的科学家和思想家都是富有成果的，但研究表明尊敬的科学家们不仅能想出好主意同时有许多错误。
点拨：respected 过去分词作定语，修饰scientists,单个分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句的省略形式。our most respected scientists=our most scientists who are respected,一般放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面。
e.g.1.A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。
e.g.2.Don’t laugh at his crippled walk.不要笑他的跛行。
e.g.3.Father looked at the child with a pleased expression.父亲带着满意的表情看着孩子。
e.g.4.The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
e.g.5.Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizens.小时候受过训练的孩子会成为好公民。
Respect :n1)（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
2)关心；注意 to pay (have) respect to关心
3) (pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
in all respects无论从哪方面来看
in respect of关于；就…来说
pay one's respects拜访
without respect to不管；不考虑
with respect to谈到
with respect to the recent flood谈到最近的洪水
respect vt.尊敬；尊重
I respect his courage.我敬佩他的勇气。
I'll respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。
Usually people don't respect those who are too compliant.“一般来说人们看不起那种唯命是从,唯唯诺诺的人。
18 We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes.
人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
比较:age, time, days
age也可以表示时代，但是通常都是单数并大写。
e.g.1.Bronze Age 铜器时代 the Ice Age 冰河世纪
age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
e.g.1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。
e.g.2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
time作“时代”解时，常用复数形式，如本句中的 in modern times(在现代)。但有时也有用单数形式表示“时代”的，如 in Shakespeare time(在莎士比亚时代)。
e.g.1.In quite old times people lived on hunting and fishing.在古代，人们以渔猎为生。
e.g.2.His thought is ahead of his times.他的思想走在时代前面。
e.g.3.We should try to meet the requirements of the times.我们应当力争符合时代的要求。
e.g.4.It happened at the time of King Alfred.它发生在阿尔弗雷德王的时代。
day也可以表示历史上的一段时期；还可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、独特的一段时期。用作可数名词。
e.g.1.We studied the tactics used in Napoleon’s day.我们研究在拿破仑时代用过的策略。
e.g.2.In grandmother’s day, skirts were long.在祖母那个时代，裙子都很长。
e.g.3.in my school days在我读书的时代
篇9：高二下19单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Warming up
1. Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.戴皇冠的人良心不安。
(1)此句是个全倒装句. uneasy译为“不安的”，是个表语形容词，当表语置于句首， 而谓语动词又是不及物动词时，倒装结构为“表语+助动词+主语”。 例如:
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授和许多其他客人。
(2)lie在此的含义为“存在；在某种情况下”。故有词组lie in（在于） 如：
His success lies in his hard work.他的成功在于他勤奋的努力。
2. deny vt.否认；不承认, 拒绝 (常用搭配：deny doing， deny that …. )
I deny that the statement is true.我不承认这话是真的。
He denied attempting to murder his wife. 他否认企图谋杀妻子。
Speaking
3. What makes a play a masterpiece is that the ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.一部戏剧成为杰作的关键在于，戏剧的主题思想所反映的问题对不同年龄段的现代人仍是重要的。
(1)masterpiece n. 杰作；名著 如：
Which masterpiece made Mark Twain famous? 马克吐温因哪部杰作而成名？
(2)此句是个复合句，它由三个从句组成：what所引导的是主语从句，that所引导的是表语从句，而which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰problems。
如: What you have done might do harm to those who are in their teens. 你所做的事可能对那些青少年有害。
(3)in modern times译为“在现代”，time作“时期、时代”讲时，是个可数名词，常用复数。 如:
in ancient times在古代
in the time(s) of the Stuarts在斯图亚特王朝治理时期
4. It sometimes happens that people are in a position where they can make an important decision about a person they hate.有时有这样的事发生，处在某个位置，这个位置可使他们对所恨的人做出重大的决定。
It (so) happens that从句表示“某事（如此）偶然发生”，其中It是形式主语，而that所引导的从句才是真正的主语。
It happened that he had left his keys in the office. 他碰巧把钥匙落在办公室了。
5. It is Shylock who must beg the Duke to save his life.夏洛克必须要乞求公爵来挽救他的生命。
(1)“It is/was+ 被强调部分+ that（指人可用who）从句”是强调句型的基本结构，它可以强调主语、宾语、状语。如：
Was it you that/who I saw last night at the concert? 昨天晚上我在音乐会上看见的是你吗？（强调宾语）
I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary. 我已经忘记了你把字典放哪里了。（强调状语）
(2) beg(for) (sth.) (from/ of sb.)可译成“乞求；乞讨”。 如:
He was so poor that he had to beg (for) his bread. 他非常贫穷，所以不得不乞食。
beg (of) sb. to do sth.可译成“恳求某人做某事”。 如:
They begged us not to punish them.他们恳求我们不要处罚他们。
6. Despite the fact that nobody really likes Shylock, the Duck does not want to kill him.尽管没人真正喜欢夏洛克，公爵还是不想处死他。
despite(=in spite of)译为“不管”，“不顾”，后面只能接名词、代词，不能接句子。 如:
Despite (In spite of) all efforts he failed.他虽然做了各种努力，仍然失败了。
7. marry vt. & vi 结婚；娶；嫁（表示结婚的动作，它的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。类似词还有：come, go, die, join, buy等；表示“结婚”的状态，与一段时间连用，要用be married） 如：
John is going to marry Jane.约翰要和简结婚。
They have been married for 10 years.他们已经结婚了。
Reading
8. mercy仁慈；怜悯 （常用搭配：have mercy on/upon sb./sth.（怜悯/宽恕某人/某物）；show mercy to sb./ sth.（怜悯/宽恕某人/某物）；at the mercy of sb./sth. （任由……摆布；在……的掌握中） 如：
They showed little mercy to their enemies.他们对仇敌毫无怜悯之意。
The ship was at the mercy of the waves.船在浪涛中随波漂流。
(2)[C]幸运；恩惠 如:
We must be thankful for small mercies.我们对小惠也应感激。
9. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克争论没用。
It is useless/no use/no good+ doing sth.是个主从复合句，其真正的主语是其后动词的v.-ing形式，译成“做某事没用/好处”。 如: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.（谚语）覆水难收，悔恨无益。
10. judge n.法官；评判员 vt. & vi. 审理；评判
如: the judges at a flower show花卉展览会的评判员
judge a case审理案件
注意：当judge用于非谓语作状语的情况时，要用judging（表示其他人判断）即组成词组judging from/ by “从……判断”。 如:
Judging by/from the number of copies sold, the book is a great success. 从销售量判断，这本书很成功。
11. Please be seated.请坐。
常用表示“请坐”的词组有：seat oneself; be seated, sit down; take one’s seat; take one’s place。其中seat可作及物动词或名词，意为“使……坐；容纳；座位”。sit为不及物动词。 如：
Our hall can seat 1,000 people.我们大厅能容纳1，000人。
He seated himself near the side of the river.他在河边坐了下来。
I found him seated (sitting) on the bench.我发现他坐在凳子上。
12. hope for sth 希望，盼望
After this dry weather people all hope for rain. 经过了这段干旱，人们普遍希望下雨。
13. envy vt.羡慕；嫉妒 （envy sb. sth. 羡慕/嫉妒某人某事）n.[U].嫉妒；羡慕 ，令人羡慕的东西 如：
I don’t envy him his bad-tempered wife. 我不羡慕他有个坏脾气的妻子。
He was filled with envy of me/at my success. 他十分羡慕我（我的成功）。
His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends. 他那部豪华的新车是他所有的朋友羡慕的东西。
14. accuse 控告；告发（常用搭配：accuse sb. of sth.）
The man accused her of theft.那个人控告她盗窃罪。
15. consequence n.（某事）后果；影响 （常用搭配：as a consequence） 如：
If you behave so foolishly you must be ready to take the consequences. 如果你这样愚昧下去，你必须准备自食其果。
Two hundred people lost their jobs as a consequence of the merger. 由于合并，200人失去了工作。
16.表示倍数的句型
以3倍为例：1) A is 3 times larger than B. 2) A is 3 times as large as B. 3) A is 3 times the size of B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
This street is three times the length of that one. 这条街是那条街的三倍长。
The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.会议室是我们办公室的三倍大。
17. tear up (把某物)撕毁；取消（合同） Let’s tear it up.让我们把它撕了吧。
18. offer up: present献出；献上 如：offer up a sacrifice 奉献；牺牲；献祭
19. surgeon n. 外科医生； physician医生（尤指内科医生）
Grammar
20. on one condition意为“规定一个条件”。 如：I will let you go on one condition. 我让你去，但有个条件。
on condition (that)= provided that,条件是…… 如：
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don’t go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以去游泳。
21. pay back(=repay)意为“偿还”，“报答”。 如：
He worked hard to pay back his debt.为了偿还他的贷款，他努力工作。
此外，由pay组成的其他常见词组还有；pay for付款；pay off全部还清；成功，奏效 等。
如： You must pay for what you eat and drink.你必须付你吃喝的费用。
After ten years of hard work, she eventually paid of all her debts. 经过10年艰苦的工作，她终于还清了所有的债务。
It really pays off to study abroad. 出国留学是值得的。
22. at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“离海岸很远”。
Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由于飓风，好几艘船在海上失踪。
23. He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.他很年轻，但是，我过去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。
在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a/an通常放在形容词的前面。 如：a young lady一位年轻女士
但是，如果形容词前有as, so, too, how时a/an就该放在形容词后，其结构是：as/ too/ so/how+ adj. +a/an +n. 如: Did you notice that you had made so serious a mistake? 你注意到你已经犯了一个很严重的错误吗？
How wonderful a plan it would be!多好的一个计划啊！
Integrating skills
24. flesh与meat
(1)flesh n.[U]通常指人或动物身上的肉。meat指提供食用的兽类的肉（区别于鱼或禽类的肉）。
Tigers are flesh-eating animals.老虎是食肉动物。
I like meat while my sister likes fish.我喜欢肉，我姐姐喜欢鱼肉。
25. be worthy of “值得”，其后接褒义名词或动名词的被动语态。 如:
The question is worthy of consideration/ being considered.这个问题值得考虑。
此外，还有be worthy to do/ to be done结构。 如:
He is a man who is worthy to have a place in the team. 他是一个值得在该团体获得一个位置的人。
“be worth”也表示“值得做某事”，但其后只能接动名词的主动语态，代替被动意义。即be worth doing。 如：The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。
26. Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.夏洛克必须许诺，他一死，就把钱留给他的女儿及女婿。
句中“upon one’s death”译为“某人一死/死后”，即on/upon+ doing/n.表示“一……就……”。 如：: On arriving in Beijing, I’ll telephone you. 一到北京，我就给你打电话。
知识拓展
1. agree to, agree with与agree on区别
（1）agree to意为“同意”，后面往往接计划、安排、建议、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形，含愿意协助工作之意。如：Do you agree to this arrangement / proposal? 对于这个安排/建议你同意吗？
He didn’t agree to her taking up the job.他不同意她担任这项工作。
（2）agree with意为“与……（意见）一致”，后面一般接人，也可接意见，看法等。但不含协力合作之意，不用于被动。 如：I don’t agree with your idea.我不同意你的主意。
（3）agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”。 如：The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations. 双方商定了谈判的日期。
2. immediately 作连词时的用法
Immediately可以做一个连词，意思是：“一……就…… ” 如：
We must act immediately.我们必须立刻行动。
You may leave immediately he comes.他一到来，你可以立即离开。
类似能引导时间状语从句的连词还有；the last time, each time, the first time, next time, the moment, instantly, the minute, the instant等。 如: You’ll be struck by her beauty the moment you see her. 你一见到她，就会被她的美丽而打动。
Every time he came to Shanghai, he would pay a visit to her. 每次他来上海，都要去拜访她。
篇10：高二下20单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Warming up
1．What kind of entertainment did they have?
entertainment作为名词，有以下含义:
1.表示“娱乐，游艺，技术表演”。
e.g.Jenny is interested in the news of entertainment.詹妮对娱乐新闻感兴趣。
2.表示“招待，款待”。
e.g.1.This hotel is famous for its entertainment.这家旅馆因为殷勤待客而出名。
e.g.2.He gives numerous entertainments to his friends.他常常宴请很多客人。
entertainment的动词形式是entertain，它作为及物动词，表示以下含义：
1.使娱乐，助兴e.g.We were all entertained by his tricks.大家对他的把戏都很感兴趣。
2.款待，招待e.g.He plans to entertain his friends to dinner.他计划设晚宴招待他的朋友们。
3.心存，考虑 e.g.1.to entertain an idea/to entertain a hope 怀有一个主意/怀有一个希望
e.g.2.I refused to entertain such a foolish idea.我拒绝考虑这样愚蠢的主意。
entertain作为不及物动词，表示的意思是“招待客人”。
e.g.She loves to talk,dance and entertain.她喜欢说话，跳舞和招待客人。
entertainer作名词，含义是“招待人，款待人；表演娱乐的人”。
entertaining 是形容词，意思是“娱乐的，有趣的”。
e.g.We spent an entertaining evening at the theatre.我们在这家剧院度过了一个有趣的夜晚。
entertainingly 是副词。
2. decoration [U] 装饰，装潢 home decoration 家居装饰
decorate v. 装饰；点缀。例如：decorate a Christmas tree 装饰圣诞树
3. artefact [C] 人工制品（尤指有考古价值的工具或武器）
prehistoric artefacts made of bone and pottery 史前的骨制及陶制器具
4. unearth vt.（从地下）发掘；揭露。
例如：unearth buried treasure 发掘埋在地下的宝藏
unearth new facts about Shakespeare 发现有关莎士比亚的新资料 unearth a plot 揭露一个阴谋
unearth 由un-加上名词 earth构成，类似的词语主要有以下几个。
unhand 意思是“放手，松手”。e.g.Please unhand me!别拉着我。
unglove 的含义是“脱下的手套”。 e.g.Her hand,when ungloved,glitters with heavy rings.
她脱下手套的时候，许多戒指在她手上闪烁。
unhair 的意思是“拔掉头发”。unmask 的意思是“揭除面具或者伪装”。
unglue 的意思是“取掉（粘着之物），剥”。
e.g.1.to unglue a stamp from an envelope by steaming 借着蒸气来取掉信封上的邮票
e.g.2.to unglue the children from a TV set使孩子们离开电视机
Listening
5. else adv. 此外，另外（与不定代词、疑问代词或否定副词连用）。例如：
Do you want anything else? Where else can I get it?
构成所有格时，’s加在else之后。例如： Who else’s fault could it be then?
Speaking
6.I’d like to know more about life as it was two hundred years ago.
as conj. 像……一样的；如……的。例如： I’d like to go abroad as you do.我想跟你一样出国。
as用作“虽然，尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，需提前名词、形容词、副词或动词。例如：
Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对，我也要去
He was late, as usual. 他如往常一样迟到了。
7.be curious to… 极想……
be curious about… 对……有兴趣
curious adj. 奇异的，奇怪的，好奇心强烈的，渴望知道的，爱探究的。例如：
curious eyes 好奇的眼神 curious behaviour 奇怪的举止
I’m curious to know what is written in his letter. 我极想知道他在信中写什么。
Children are naturally curious about everything around them. 小孩子对周围的每件事感到好奇。
curiosity n. 好奇（心）；古玩；珍品。例如：
arouse curiosity 引起好奇心 a curiosity shop 古董店
8. What I’d really like to find out is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday, as we do. That sort of thing 我真正想发现的是人们是否有时候会和我们一样想去度假那一类事情。
as在这里是连词，引导一个方式状语从句。 请看以下由as 引导的方式状语从句的例子：
e.g.1.You’d better do as I did.你最好按照我做的去做。
e.g.2.As what she said before,it was really difficult to persuade him to go with us.
正如她过去所说的，说服他和我们一块走是一件很困难的事情。
作为连词，as还可以引导时间状语从句。
e.g.1.Twelve days later,millions more Indians lined the railway tracks as a slow train took the jar containing his ashes 584 kilometers to a place by the river.
十二天后，当一列慢车将盛有甘地骨灰的坛子驶向584千米外，靠近恒河的一个地方时，又有数百万人排列在铁路两旁，夹道送行。
e.g.2.Three million people watched as the ashes of this great man were gently poured into the brown waters of the river that would carry them to the ocean.
还有300万人守望着这位伟人的骨灰缓缓撒入褐色的恒河，河水把他的骨灰送向大海。
辨析:as,when 和while
这三个连词都可以连接时间状语从句，但有差别:如果主句和从句的时间相同，以选用as较宜，表示随着……；而when只有一般时间意义，还可以表示at that time的含义；while是个连词，它所表达的时间通常是指整个一段时间或过程，相当于during which time的用法。从句中常常使用进行时，还可以表示主从句的对比。
e.g.1.They came up stair as we went down.他们上楼，我们下楼。
e.g.2.As one grows older，one becomes more experienced.人长大了，经验就更丰富了。
e.g.3.When one man is in difficulty，the thousands come to his aid.
一人有难众人帮。
e.g.4.The weather was fine while we were in Shanghai.我们在上海的日子里，天气晴朗。
e.g.5.We were watching TV while they were playing chess.我们在看电视，而他们在下棋。
作为连词，as还可以引导比较状语从句,表示以下含义。
1.表示“（用于比较）与……一样”的意思。
e.g.1.She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一栋大楼上班。
e.g.2.This is the same as it was before.这个与以前一样。
2.表示“诸如”的意思。
e.g.such animals as cats and dogs 诸如猫、狗之类的动物
作为连词，as还可以引导原因状语从句。
e.g.As the weather is fine,let’s go fishing.既然天气变得好起来了，咱们去钓鱼吧。
辨析:because,since,as 和for
because，since，as引导原因状语从句:
because 引导的从句表示直接的、根本的原因，用来回答why 提出的问题，为全句重心所在。since引导的从句表示显然的或已知的理由、原因，相当于汉语的“既然”。主句是全句意思的重心，从句次之。as 引导原因状语从句，与since没多大区别。它们引导的原因状语从句，其原因已很明显，不必加以强调。由as表示的原因，语气最弱，往往译成汉语的“由于”。
for 是个并列连词，引导并列句，是对前句内容的补充说明。
as还可以用作关系代词，其含义是“正如”请看以下例子。
e.g.As you know，we have the right to vote.正如你知道的，我们有权选举。
辨析:as和which
首先，这两个词意义不同。前者表示正如，后者没有意义，只起连接作用。
其次，前者构成的从句既可以前置又可以后置，而由后者构成的从句则只能后置，不能前置。
再次，当从句中有the same,such,so 时，只能用as。
比较:It is no use arguing with them,as we all see.和他们争论是没有用的，正如我们所看到的。（既可后置）
As we all see，it is no use arguing with them.（又可前置）正如我们都看到的,和他们争论是没有用的。
It is no use arguing with them,which we all see.
我们都看到了，和他们争论是没有用的。（只能后置）
as还可以用作介词，其含义是“作为”。指处于某种状态、性质、情况、工作等之中。请看以下例子。
e.g.1.He works as a driver.他以开汽车为业。e.g.2.The kitten uses that box as a bed.小猫把那盒子当作床。
辨析:as和like
当作介词的时候，as只用于以下情况：
1.用作“作为”讲的时候。
2.用来举例，比如用来代替for example的时候；
3.用来引导某些动词，如:look upon，regard，consider，treat，think of等的宾语的补语的时候。
e.g.1.As a writer，he has no equal.作为一个作家，他是首屈一指的。
e.g.2.Languages（such）as English，German，Dutch belong to the same family.
像英语、德语、荷兰语等语言都属于同一个语系。
e.g.3.The teacher considered your son as being too small.
老师认为你的儿子太小了。
比较:The prisoner was hanged like a murderer.这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑（=…as if he were a murderer）。
e.g.4.The prisoner was hanged as a murderer.这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。（这个犯人就是杀人犯）
1.I didn’t feel just you. A.as B.like C.such D.so
2. a teacher,I have to set a good example for my students.
A.Like B.Be C.As D.Have
3.It must have rained yesterday the ground is wet.
A.as B.since C.because D.for答案：1.A 2.C 3.D
Reading
9. date back to: = date from 始自某时期, 追溯到，上溯到(无被动语态)
Our school dates back to 1953. Our friendship dates from childhood.
out of date过时的;旧式的 up to date时新的;新式的
10. bury vt. 埋葬
Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.
矿上发生意外事故时,许多矿工都被埋在地下
bury oneself in 专心致志于, 埋头于(in)
be buried in thought 沉思 He buried himself in his work.
Buried in his book, he didn’t notice me entering the room.
11.Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried
墓穴里发现的部分物品让我们对于他当时的穿着有了一个了解
(1)give sb an idea of 使某人明白
The book will give you an idea of what everyday life of ordinary Americans is like.
(2).dress作为及物动词，后面只能够接人或者是反身代词，而不能接物或者是衣服作为宾语。
dress v. 穿衣。例如：
be dressed in （表状态）穿着 dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
dress oneself in… 穿着……（表动作） dress up 盛装，打扮
dress well 穿着得体
dress [C] 连衣裙；女装 in formal (evening) dress 着礼服（晚礼服）
a silk dress 一件丝绸的礼服
12. clothing n.衣服(集合名词,无复数形式) an article of clothing 不能讲a suit of clothing
clothes n.（复）衣服,服装指具体的衣服;无单数形式,不与数词连用但可和many ,a few等表示
不确定的数词连用many clothes, a piece of clothes ,a suit of clothes一件衣服不能讲an article of clothes
Cloth做衣服用的材料,不可数名词, 当作为台布抹布时是可数名词.
13. find [C] 发现，发现物。例如：
Our new gardener was a marvellous find. 我们新找到了一个很出色的花匠。
finding [C] & [U] 发现，发现物
14. dozen n. 一打,十二个 (与数词或many, several等连用时,复数不加s )
two (many, several) dozen pencils 两(好多,几)打铅笔
dozens of 几十,许多 for dozens of years 好几十年以来
pack in dozens 成打地包装 sell by the dozen 论打出售
15. spare adj. 备用的；额外的；多余的；剩下的。例如：
a spare room 预备的房间 a spare tire 备用轮胎 In one’s spare time 在某人闲暇的时候
I have little spare time. 我没有什么余暇。
spare vt. 匀出，分出，省下 例如：Can you spare me just a few minutes? 你能腾出几分钟时间给我吗？
There’s no time to spare. 没有多余的时间了 spare no efforts 不遗余力
Spare the rod and spoil the child. [谚]孩子不打不成器，娇养忤逆儿。（省了棍子坏了孩子。）
16. a variety of / varieties of形形色色的，种种的。例如：
a collection of a variety of butterflies 收集各式各样的蝴蝶
There are a wide variety of people on the earth. 地球上有各种不同的人。
17.The biggest stones weigh 20 tons and came from a place not very far
最大的石头重约20吨，它们来自于一个不远的地方
weigh作为动词，主要表达以下几种含义：
1.表示“称（重量）”。
e.g.1.Let me weigh it.It’s quite a bit overweight.让我来称称它。超重还不少呢。
e.g.2.The goods were carefully weighed at the time of shipment.货物在装运的时候都是仔细称过的。
2.表示“某物有（多少）重量”。
e.g.1.A giant panda can weigh as much as 150 kilos when fully grown.
一只大熊猫长大了，重量可以达到150千克。
e.g.2.Some of the fish already weigh ten kilograms.这些鱼有的已经有10千克重了。
3.表示“压（在上面）”的含义。
e.g.1.The matter weighed heavily on my mind.这件事情沉重地压在我的心上。
e.g.2.The decision has been weighing on my mind all the week.这项决定整整一个星期都压在我的心上。
4.意思是“考虑”。
e.g.1.All the difficulties and risks had to be carefully weighed.所有的困难和风险都要仔细考虑。
e.g.2.They weighed the matter seriously.他们认真考虑了这件事情。
18. link vt., vi.（常与together, to, with连用）连接, 联合
(1)The two towns are linked by a railway.
(2) The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. 新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
be linked to / have links with 与…有联系
Sichuan have trade links with the Yangtze River. 四川和长江流域有商贸联系。
19.It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument,or in helping transport and pull up the stones
巨石阵之王很有可能和石头有联系：他可能参与过巨石阵的设计，或者帮助过巨石的运输
在英语中，may,might,can,could和must几个情态动词都可以用来表示对事情的猜测。must的意思是“肯定，一定”，语气很有把握。may,might,和could的意思是“可能，也许”，语气把握性不大。can的意思是“肯定，也许”，常常用在否定句和疑问句中。这几个情态动词用于表示猜测的时候，其后面可以跟三种不同的动词形式。
1.跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测。2.跟表示对现在正在发生的事情的猜测。
3.跟表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。
e.g.1.You are Jack’s best friend.You must know where he is.你是杰克最好的朋友，你一定知道他在哪儿。
e.g.2.Can you hear the loud voice?They must be quarrelling.你能听到那声音吗？他们在吵架。
e.g.3.If you had come earlier,you might have been told the good news.你早来一会儿，就会听到那条好消息了。e.g.4.There is no light in the room.They might have gone out for a walk.屋里没开灯，他们可能出去散步啦。
1.Jack yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A.mustn’t have arrived B.shouldn’t have arrived C.can’t have arrived D.need not have arrived
2.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
-Oh,did you?You with Barbara.
A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed
3.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.
-It a comfortable journey.
A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t be D.couldn’t have been答案:1.C 2.A 3.D
20. have a hand in 参与，插手；对某事负部分责任。例如：
I bet he had a hand in it. 我敢说他一定参与了此事。
I can’t promise much. I’m not the only one that has a hand in this town.
我不能答应太多。镇里的事不是我一个人说了算。
关于hand 的词组还有：
lend a hand 帮助
give sb. A hand 给予帮助
at hand 在手边
by hand 用手
in hand 手头上的，在进行中
hand in hand 手拉手，联合
from hand to hand 从一人之手转到之手
hand down/on 把…传下来
hand in 交上
hand out 把…拿出来，分派
hand over 移交
join hands 携手联合
on one hand,…on the other hand
一方面 ， 另一方面
21. in terms of 用……的话；以……的观点；就……而说。
例如：He thought of everything in terms of money. 他每件事都从钱的角度考虑。
bring a person to terms 使某人接受条件（就范）
come to terms=make terms 达成协议；和好
in the long term 就长期而言
on no terms 无论如何不，决不
on good terms with sb 和某人关系融洽
22. At first it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict,but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links
点拨：1.through指从内部通过。
e.g.1.The thief came in through the window.小偷从窗户进来。
e.g.2.The troops marched through the town.军队从城中走过。
e.g.3.Fish swim through the water.鱼游于水中。
e.g.4.The men cut a tunnel through the mountain.那些人穿山凿了一条隧道。
2.表示“遍及，经历”的意思。
e.g.1.He traveled through Europe.他游遍欧洲。
e.g.2.Other birds and animals stay with you,but you will not see all the animals all through the winter.
另一些飞禽和动物留下来了，但是整个冬天你不会看到所有的这些动物。
3.表示“由于，因为”的含义。
e.g.1.It was all through your being late that we lost the train.我们没有赶上火车，完全是因为你来晚了。
e.g.2.It happened,through no fault of mine.这件事情之所以发生，并非是我的过错。
4.表示“藉，由”的含义。
e.g.1.He became rich through hard work.凭着努力的工作，他致富了。
e.g.2.I obtained my position through a friend.我靠一位朋友的帮忙而得到了这份工作。
5.表示“从头到尾”
e.g.1.He worked from dawn through the day and into the night.他从天亮一直工作到晚上。
e.g.2.He read through the novel carefully.他细心地读完了这本小说。
e.g.3.The rain lasted through the night.雨下了一夜。
比较：through和across的用法
through和across都作“穿过”讲，across指的是从一个空间内的一端到另一端或者是成十字交叉而过。through着重指从物体的中间或者是空间穿过。
e.g.1.Last week,we started our trip across this country.上个星期，我们开始了横跨这个国家的旅行。
e.g.2.We can’t travel through the forest by road,because there aren’t any roads.
我们不能从陆路穿越森林，因为那里根本无路可走。
1.The boy is so good at swimming that he can swim the sea.
2.He walked the forest and disappeared into the valley.答案：1.across 2.through
23. in the eyes of sb. (=in sb.’s eyes): in the opinion of sb.在某人的心目中，在某人看来
In your father’s eyes you’re still a child.
相关词组：keep an eye on sb. 留神，看守，看管
shut (close) one’s eyes to sth. 闭目不看…，装着没看到…，视而不见
Post-reading
1.base…on… 把……基础放在……上；以……为基础。例如：
You should base your conclusion on careful research.你应该以审慎的研究为基础。
This story is based on facts.这故事是有事实根据的。basic adj. 基础的，基本的；根本的
basis [C] 基础；根据
Language study
1.thanks to 多亏，幸亏。例如：
Thanks to modern technology, to find out more facts about the man buried in the grave is possible.
由于现代科技，找出更多的有关埋在墓地里人的材料成为可能
表示原因的结构还有： because of as a result of owing to due to
Integrating skills
2.roots of Chinese culture 中国文化的根源
root [C] 根源，来源；根，根茎。例如：the root of the problem 问题的根源
The love of money is the root of all evil. 爱钱乃万恶之源。（语出《圣经》）
a plant with very long roots 根部很长的植物
Many Americans have roots in Europe. 许多美国人祖籍在欧洲。
get at/to the root of 追根究底
take/strike root 生根，扎根；定居
root and branch adv. 连根地，完全地，彻底地
3. serve as “担当；充当”
4.dig up 挖出；掘起。例如：
We dug up the tree by its roots. 我们将树连根挖起。
An old Greek statue was dug up here last month.
上个月在这儿挖出了一尊古希腊雕像。
dig at 讥讽，挖苦 dig for 挖寻 dig into 详细调查，探求
5.cover作为动词，有很多含义。
1.表示“覆盖，铺盖”。
e.g.1.He covered himself with a blanket.他给自己盖上一床毯子。
e.g.2.A rather cold north west airstream will cover our province.一股偏冷的西北气流将覆盖我省。
e.g.3.When he returned,his body was covered with bruises.他回来的时候全身都是伤痕。
2.表示“走完（一段路程），看完（若干页书），够付（费用）”。
e.g.1.They covered the distance to the place at a run.他们一路小跑，赶到了那个地方。
e.g.2.Here is ten dollars;the extra will cover the bus fares.这儿是10元钱，多余的可以用作坐公共汽车费用。
3.表示“涉及，谈到”的意思。
e.g.1.What are the chief points you are to cover in your talk?你的报告主要有哪些内容？
e.g.2.The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.这项决定涉及到很多别的问题。
4.意思是“有（多少面积），包括（多大的范围）”。
e.g.1.The city covers ten square miles.这座城市的面积是10平方英里。
e.g.2.His burnt area covered 70 per cent of his body surface.他全身的烧伤面积达到了70%。
5.表示“掩护”。
e.g.He ordered us to cover the other people’s withdrawal.他下令让我们掩护其他人撤退。
6.表示“采访，报道”。
e.g.They sent a large number of reporters to cover the conference.他们派遣了大量的记者去报道大会的消息。
Our new school almost 54 square miles,making it the largest school in the province.
A.lies B.stands C.has D.covers答案:D
Grammar
复习代词“it”的用法
It的用法主要有以下一些:
1.作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、气候、距离、状态等。
e.g.1.It’s ten o’clock.现在十点钟了。
e.g.2.It is twenty miles to London.到伦敦有二十英里。
e.g.3.She couldn’t stand it.她真是无法忍受。
2.指代前面出现的事物或者是现象。
e.g.1.Where is my book?Have you seen it？我的书在哪儿?你看见我的书了吗?
e.g.2.He pretended to study,for he thought it would please his mother.
他假装读书,因为他认为那样做可以取悦他的母亲。
3.在特殊情况下指代人。
e.g.1.She got a baby and it was ten-pound.她生了个十磅重的婴儿.
e.g.2.A tall man stood up and shook hands with her.It was the general manager.
一个高个子男子站了起来同她握手,他就是总经理。
4.可以用作形式主语。
e.g.1.It is certain that we shall succeed.我们一定会成功的。
e.g.2.It is necessary for older people to understand what the young think and feel.
年长的人有必要了解年轻人在想些什么,他们有什么感觉。
5.用作形式宾语。
e.g.1.You’ll find it difficult to learn Japanese.你将发现日语很难学。
e.g.2.I make it a rule to take a walk in the morning.我规定自己每天早上散步。
6.用于强调句型。
e.g.1.It is I who am fortunate.幸运的是我。
e.g.2.It was three weeks later that he learnt the news.三个星期以后他得知了这个消息。
◇It is+被强调部分+that…
该句型是强调句型。例如：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
◇ It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that…
该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. =That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
It is important that we (should) learn English well
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
◇ It is said (reported, learned…) that…
该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）”。例如：
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
◇ It is time (about time, high time) that…
该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。例如：
It is time that children should go to bed. =It is time that children went to bed.
◇ It is the first (second…) time that…
主句如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。
该句型中的that从句用完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换。常译为“是第一（二、三……）次……”。例如：
It is the first time I have been here. =This is the first time I have been here.
It is…since…
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。例如：
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.
It is 5 years since he joined the army.自从他参军5年了。
▲ It is 5 years since he was in the army.自从他退伍已经5年了。
◇It be…before…
该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态。例如：
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
◇It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。例如：
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
◇It is no good (use) doing sth.
主句中的表语可以是no good, (not any good), no use (not any use)。例如：
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
◇It doesn’t matter whether (if)…
该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）……没关系……”。例如：
It doesn’t matter if they are old.
◇ It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.
常见的这类形容词有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, lazy, nice, polite, rude, wise, wrong等。
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.例如：
It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.
◇ It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.
常见的这类形容词有：important, necessary, natural, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, impossible, pleasant等。
该句型与上一个同属一种句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。例如：
It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.
◇ We think it important to learn a foreign language.
主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel
作真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语、动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
该句型中的it作形式宾语。例如：
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
篇11：高二下13单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Warming up
1. Cube n立方体；立方形；正六面体
The cube of 5 is 125. 5的立方是125。 The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.立方体的, 立方的 a cubic meter 立方米 引申：square n.正方形平方
Speaking
2. benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益a public benefit公益disability benefits残废抚恤金(pl)救济金
be of benefit to the people对人民有好处[U]
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.这部字典将对我有很大裨益。
Exercise benefits our health.运动有益于我们的健康。
We benefit by [from] daily exercises.每天做操对我们有益。
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。
The plants benefited from the rain. 植物得益于这场雨。
3. range n.山脉vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…从……到……不等 vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains一列山脉 a range of pictures 一系列画片
the annual range of temperature每年的温度变化范围 a wide range of knowledge广博的知识
4. all the way adv.从远道, 自始至终, 一路上all the time adv.始终
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree.他一直爬上了树顶。
5. property n.财产, 所有物, 所有权, 性质, 特性
This car is my property. 这车是我的财产。
Many plants have medicinal properties. 许多植物具有药性。
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失败，垮掉，破坏，把。。。分类，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) 突然挣脱，逃脱；脱离；背叛
break in 强行进入，打断，搅扰 break into sth 强行闯入，break off 断开，折断；突然终止
break out 爆发；break through 冲破，突破；break up 粉碎，破碎，结束；解散；拆开，绝交
7. whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。
Whatever is left over is yours. You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office. She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠词。
9. pure adj.纯的, 纯粹的, 纯净的, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 纯金 The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山间河流中的水通常是纯净的。
pure English 纯正英语a pure mind 心地纯洁 It was a pure accident.这全然是一次意外事故。 by pure chance 全凭运气 pure science 纯科学
10. dense adj.密集的, 浓厚的 density n.密度
Densely populated 人口密集的
11. mass n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量
adj.群众的, 大规模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一团云。
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air一团热空气
I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群众, 民众
Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生产
a mass-circulation magazine大量发行的杂志
12. absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
to absorb the full meaning of a remark 理解一句话的全部意义take in
He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。
be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于put heart into
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
13. give off 发出(蒸汽、光等)
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away 赠送，捐赠，泄露，暴露；give sb/sth back 还，归还； give in (to sb /sth) 屈服； give off 放出，发出（气味，热，光等）；give out 用光，耗尽，分发，散发； give up 放弃；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive 感觉敏锐的，神经过敏的，敏感的 （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。
He’s very sensitive about his weight. 他很忌讳别人说他胖。
She’s very sensitive to criticism. 她一听批评就急。
Health care is a politically sensitive issue. 医疗卫生是政界的一个敏感问题。
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. 我的牙齿对冷食过敏。
an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem 演员对诗歌富有表现力的朗诵。
2. a variety of (同一事物)不同种类，多种式样
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
He resigned for a variety of reasons. 他由于种种原因辞职了。
3. contribute （sth） to 捐献，捐赠；增加，添进（到某物）；为。。。撰写稿件
contribute to 是。。。的原因；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们给地震基金捐赠了5000美金。
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death. 据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 移民在许多方面都对英国文化有所贡献。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 她给这家报纸撰写了一些稿件。
Unit 13 the water planet 知识清单
Warming up
1. Cube n_____; _________；正六面体
The cube of 5 is 125. The cube root of 27 is 3
Cubic adj.________ a cubic meter _______ 引申：square n.__________
Speaking
2. benefit n. ______ vt. ______ vi.受益a public benefit_____disability benefit_____
be of benefit to the people [U]This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.
Exercise benefits our health We benefit by [from] daily exercises
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health. The plants benefited from the rain.
3. range n. _________ vt_________ vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…_________ vary from to
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃ Prices ranged from 5 to 10 dollars.
a range of mountains a range of pictures the annual range of temperature
a wide range of knowledge
4. all the way adv. __________, 一路上
Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. all the time adv.
5. property n._________, 所有权, __________
This car is my property. Many plants have medicinal properties.
6. break down 分解; 出故障，失败，垮掉，破坏，把。。。分类，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) _____________break in _____________
break into sth_____________，break off _____________ break out_____________；break through _____________break up _____________
7. whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。
Whatever is left over is yours.You must do whatever is best for you.
Whatever book you want to read will be sent to your office.She is against whatever I am fond of.
8. Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing point. 注意此句子的冠词。
9. pure adj. _____________, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.
pure English a pure mind It was a pure accident. by pure chance pure science
10. dense adj. _____________ 浓厚的 density n.密度 Densely populated _____________
11. mass n. _____________, 群众, 大量
adj. _____________, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds.
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air I've masses of work to do. the masses
Troops are massing on the frontier. Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
mass production a mass-circulation magazine
12. absorb vt.________
This job absorbs all of my time. to absorb the full meaning of a remark take in
He is absorbed in study. be absorbed in absorb sb.'s attention
13. give off _________
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away ______；give sb/sth back _______； give in (to sb /sth) ______； give off ____________；give out ____ give up __________；
Integrating skills
1. sensitive ___________ （~ (to sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. He’s very sensitive about his weight.
She’s very sensitive to criticism. Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food. an actor’s sensitive reading of the poem
2. a variety of ___________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. He resigned for a variety of reasons.
3. contribute （sth） to ________________
contribute to ______________；
We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
语法：情态动词
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （20安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to （Key: C D B B）
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need Key： C
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
①-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （20全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not ey: C A
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must Key：A
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③-Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today? -Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（上海卷）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have atterded
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended Key: B B D A
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You________ her last week.（年福建）
A． ought to tell B． would have told C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat Key: D C
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need Key：A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
- Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done Key: B
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ - The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. （北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do Key: D A B
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t Key: C
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might Key: A
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could Key：C
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①-Write to me when you get home. - _______. （20北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② - Could I call you by your first name？ -Yes, you ______. （上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might Key：C C
篇12：高二下17单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Reading:
1 award: v. 1)颁奖，授奖award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判决；裁决；裁决书n.1) 奖；奖品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.他跑得最快,因而获得了金牌。
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire. 法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱。 Reward: v.酬谢；酬劳；报答n. 酬谢；酬劳
How can I reward your kindness?我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金
2 fair: adj.1)公平的，公道的a fair referee; 公平的裁判员；a fair deal; 公平交易；a fair fight; 公平战争；2) 合理的；正当的 It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help.”向你的好朋友求助,这是很自然的/理所当然的 3) 美丽的（女性）a fair lady
adv.（副词）光明正大地：用适当的或合法的方式：play fair.光明正大地处事
n. 商品展览会；商品交易会a book fair书展
3 potential: adj.潜在的，可能的：潜伏的：a potential problem.潜在的问题
Potentiality n.可能力, (用复数)潜能.潜力.可能性
4 gift: n.1)礼品；赠品 2)天赋，天资；才能Gifted:adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry.他有做诗的天赋。a man of many gifts多才多艺的人
5 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth.
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
6 adjust:v 1)调整；调节；使适合；使适应
adjust my watch校准我的表 adjust oneself to the schoollife适应学校生活
Adapt: v. 1)使适应；使适合 He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。
2)改编；改装 Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
这里摘登一封'亲爱的爱毕'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'费城公报”
Integrating skills:
7 respect: n.1)（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
2)关心；注意 to pay (have) respect to关心
3)(pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
4) in all respects无论从哪方面来看 in respect of关于；就…来说；
8 participate vi.: 参加某事：participated in the festivities.参加庆祝活动
n. participation 参与：参与或分享某事的行为：
Teachers often encourage class participation.教师常鼓励学生积极参与
9. conduct: vt., vi.1)行为；举止；为人；表现 Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们表现甚佳。
2)处理； 经营；引导；实施 My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。
3)引导；导游 The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带引我们在学校里参观了一圈。
The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country. 导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。
4)指挥（乐队） 5)导电；导热 Metal conducts electricity.金属导电。
n.1)行为；举止；举动；品行His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。
2)处理；经营；引导；实施
10. access: n. 1)进入；通道 2)使用；接近v. 接近，进入：获得接触（数据或程序）的途径
There is no access to the street through that door.穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。
easy of access易于接近Students need access to books.学生需要使用书本。
accessible: adj Easily approached or entered.易接近的，易进入的; 易相处的
accessible money.易得到的金钱 an accessible manager.易于相处的经理
Unit 18 知识要点 Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. 环保
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views. 对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。
It’s a government friendly to our interests.这是一个符合我们利益的政府。
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
类似词组有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有个人在花园里，把狗放出来吧。
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.释放气球中的空气,把它放在塑料袋里。
Who let that story out?是谁泄露了消息?
I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out? 我想住在伦敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋吗？
3 come up with 想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生； 赶上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上来。
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.人们把各种主意用不同的方式组合在一起，形成一些新想法。
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.我们在努力达到先进水平。
引申： come up “显现；出现，提升，靠近”
The question never came up.这个问题未从曾发生过。 The sun came up.太阳升起来了。
a general who came up from the ranks按等级晋升的将军 came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
come down 传递；传给；减价
The song comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从10世纪一直传到我们这一代。
These legends came down to us from the 15th century.这些传说是从15世纪流传下来的。
I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?我看今年电视机的价格不会跌,你看呢?
4 a matter of正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答这个问题只不过要运用一下你的智慧。
To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解决这个问题仅仅是个时间问题。
拓展： a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我们大约只等了10分钟。
a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情; 3.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 见仁见智的事情
as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、不定式有对称使用的特点。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼见为实 2.To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类自己。5.To teach is to learn.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for考虑；顾及；把某事算在内
We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火车晚点考虑在内， 我们应该在十点半之前回来。
10. 及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。
The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
7. be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 2)（在）其他方面; 3)（在不同情况下）否则
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我试图一次读完整本小说
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance. 我们尝试在没有外援的情况下完成复杂的特技动作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application: n应用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. 把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。
2)适用 This has no application to the case这不适用于那个案子。
3)正式申请；书面申请 an application for a job求职书
4)敷用（药物）5)勤勉；专心
He worked with great application. 他工作非常勤奋。
apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 请求；申请I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。
2)应用；使用；适用to apply a nickname用绰号
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他伤口上涂药。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
4)产生作用；有直接关系What I have said does not apply to you.我说的话与你无关。
This rule does not apply.这个规则不适用。
4)专心；集中精力apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
1.Bronze Age 铜器时代 the Ice Age 冰河世纪
age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。
2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
Unit 17 Disabilities清单
Reading:
2 award: v. 1)_______award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判决；裁决；裁决书n.1) 奖；奖品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.
Reward: v. __________；报答n. 酬谢；酬劳
How can I reward your kindness? a reward of $900 for catching the criminal
3 fair在不同语境中的意思：
a fair referee; _____的裁判员；a fair deal; _______交易
It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help.“向你的好朋友求助,这是很_________的
a fair lady __________的（女性）play fair._______地处事 a book fair__________
4 potential: adj.______________：a potential problem.__________的问题
Potentiality n. (用复数)_____________.可能性
8 gift: n.1)礼品；赠品 2)天赋，天资；才能Gifted: adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry. a man of many gifts
9 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
14 adjust:v 1)调整；调节；使适合；使适应
adjust my watch adjust oneself to the schoollife
Adapt: v. He adapted himself to the cold weather.
Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
这里摘登一封'亲爱的爱毕'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'费城公报”
Integrating skills:
16 respect: n.1)（与of, for连用）_____
to show respect to those who are older
3)(pl) _________ Give my respects to your wife.
4) in all respects无论从哪方面来看 in respect of关于；就…来说；
17 participate vi.: 参加某事：_________ the festivities.参加庆祝活动
n. participation _____：Teachers often encourage class participation.
18. conduct 在不同语境中的意思：
Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们___________甚佳。
My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业________得很成功。
The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带_________我们在学校里参观了一圈。
Metal conducts electricity.金属_________电。
n. His conduct disagrees with his words.他___________。
There was growing criticism of the government’s conduct of the war.对于政府在战争中的______有越来越多的指责。
19. access/ accessible在不同语境中的意思：
There is no access to the street through that door. easy of access
Students need access to books accessible money. an accessible manager.
Unit 18 知识清单
Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. _____________
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
It’s a government friendly to our interests.
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
类似词组有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.
Who let that story out? I want to let out a coat.
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out?
3 come up with_______（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生； 赶上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
引申： come up 的意思 The question never came up. The sun came up. a general who came up from the ranks came up and said hello
come down 的意思 The song comes down to us from the 10th century. These legends came down to us from the 15th century. I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?
4 a matter of正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence. To solve the problem is just a matter of time.
a matter of 还可以表示“________”的含义。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.
a matter of life or death ______的事情; 3.a matter of opinion _______的事情， _______的事情
as a matter of fact _______________
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、不定式有对称使用的特点。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼见为实
2.To know everything is _________.样样皆通，样样稀松。3.To respect the others is _________. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。4.To love nature is______________.爱自然就是爱人类自己。5.To teach is ___________.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for__________；把某事算在内
We must allow for his inexperience. It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays. Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
10. 及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank. We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。 The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
7. be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
2)（在）其他方面 He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.
3)（在不同情况下）否则 We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner. Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application在不同语境中意义的不同。
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. This has no application to the case an application for a job______________
4)敷用（药物）5)勤勉；专心 He worked with great application.
apply （vt., vi. applied, applying）在不同语境中意义的不同
I want to apply for the job. to apply a nickname
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.
Apply medicine to his wound. A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.
What I have said does not apply to you. This rule does not apply.
apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于… The new comer applied his mind to the job. Students should apply themselves to their study.
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
1.Bronze Age ________时代 the Ice Age _________世纪 age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
17单元过关练习
1. ,the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true .
A．Instead of being disabled B．Being disabled C．Disabled as they are D．In case of being disabled
2. As a reward his contribution botany , Joseph Banks had a flower named him .
A．for ; for ; for B．for ; to ; after C．for ; for ; after D．of ; to ; for
3. At this moment, I cannot give you an answer yet. I’d like to spend _____ more time considering this problem. A. rather B. fairly C. quite D. really
4. The old man had the __________ ability to say humorous things without hurting anybody.
A. fair B. rare C. seldom D. bare
5. It ______ long before the Chinese Space Center ______ Shenzhou Ⅶ Spacecraft.
A. will not be; launches B. is; will launch C. will not be; will launch D. is; launches
6. He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He is nearly a man with a(an) ______ for languages. A. gift B. present C. ability D. skill
7. The disabled need recognition and encouragement ridicule (嘲笑).
A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. less than
8. I don’t like the noise of these jet aircraft, but I’ve learned to __________ it.
A. stand with B. stay with C. live with D. work with
9. He was expecting to have completed the job by now. ____________, he’s only halfway through it.
A. As it is B. Even though C. That is D. In that case
10. Cooper and Teller are _______ of selling $ 4,700 worth of heroin to a number of drug users.
A. accused B. accustomed C. adjusted D. accompanied
11. I got here in America six months ago, and I have _______ the new environment here.
A. adapted to B. adjusted to C. used to D. engaged to
12. The Smiths bought a brand-new Rolls-Royce, which became the _________ of all their neighbors.
A. admire B. envy C. proud D. respect
13. -I hear your aunt likes travel, music, clothes and fine food. -Oh, yah, and music may have been of her tastes. A. the rather more respectable B. much the most respectable
C. the very most respectable D. even more respectable one
14. Many physicists from all over the world came to the U.S. to _____ the great festival.
A. congratulate B. observe C. celebrate D. participate
15. As you know, an open-minded person ____ reasons.
A. accessible to B. accessible C. is accessible to D. is accessible of
1-5 CBABA 6-10 ABCAA 11-15 BBBCC
Unit 18过关练习
1. Father looked _______at me. A. kind B. kindly C. pleased D. friendly
2. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks. A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
3. （学科大联考）She will have to find some other work for she can’t ________ this loud noise any more. A. come up with B. keep up with C. grow up with D. put up with
4. It’s impossible to _____ these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. A. value B. evaluate C. absorb D. benefit
5. It was a matter of _____ would take the position. A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever
6. I suppose we’ll have to, bad weather conditions, spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction. A. considering B. allowed for C. including D. linked with
7. Marx took this and it to society, saying that the origins of change are all technological or economic, and not based on ideas．A．used B．rejected C．applied D．adjusted
8. （扬州二模）The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earth quakes can be forecast.
A. to proves B. to proves to C. to prove D. which proves to
9. Shelly had prepared carefully for the biology exam, so that she could be sure of passing it at her first _____. A. purpose B. desire C. wish D. attempt
10. The singer hasn't performed in public for over five years． _______ , she is very popular
with young people． A．But B．Still C．Otherwise D．Therefore
11. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
12. Public of the problem will make the government take it seriously .
A．awareness B．evaluation C．existence D．evidence
13. Though Van Gosh formed his own painting style，we can still see the______of some famous Freneh artists on his works．A．reflect B．application C．relation D．influence
14. （寿光模拟）Newly-arrived guests must____________at the hotel’s reception desk.
A. register B. exchange C. expose D. apply
15. -I’ll come_____ John is invited, too. - You mean if John comes you’ll come.
A. in case B. so that C. on condition that D. now that
1-5 BADBA 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 CADAC
篇13：高二下12单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
1. such as 像；诸如；例如 凡是
Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。
Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die. 我死后全部财产除了交税以外全部给你。
2. any better 更好
any adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中，与faster, slower, better等连用；用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上；丝毫 eg: I can’t run any faster. 我无法跑得更快了。 Is your father any better? 你父亲有所好转了吗？
3. at a distance （稍）远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。
This picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画远看就好些。
in the distance (far away) 在（较）远处，强调距离之远。
They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy. 他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；不愿与某人亲近eg:
He always keeps anyone at a distance. 他总是不愿与任何人亲近。
4. collision n. [C,U] 物与物或人与人）相撞，碰撞，撞坏 抵触；（相反的目的、看法、意见等的）冲突
The collision between two cars caused 3 deaths. 两车相撞造成三人死亡。
Her political activities brought her into collision with the law. 她的政治活动触犯了法律。
5. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.
in their efforts to ….“在他们努力。。。。时”
In their efforts to solve the problem, they proved themselves a group of strong team.
Make an effort; make every effort; without effort; spare no effort; in a common effort.
Turn out “结果是。。。， 最后情况是。。。。”
It turned out (to be ) fine. The meeting turned out (to be ) a success.
6. voyage (1)n. long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行；（尤指）航海，航天
They made a voyage across the Atlantic. 他们作了一次横越大西洋的航行。
(2)v.航行；航海；航天飞行
A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space. 一架飞机作航天飞行时坠毁了。
(3)voyager n. 航行者；航海者；航天者
7. beat, defeat, win与gain
①beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。
②win和gain属一组同义词。Gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’s living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等；win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg:
We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。
They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。
(2)beat, hit, strike与tap
beat着重“连续性地击打”，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。此外，beat还可用来指心脏的跳动。strike通常表示打一下，打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的，还可指罢工，（钟）敲响之意。hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。 eg:
The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得伏倒了。
The stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部。
It strikes a bug’s back with is forelegs and feelers. 它（蚂蚁）用前腿和触角敲打臭虫的背部。
It taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. 它（蚂蚁）像使用一种电码的方式一样，用触角轻敲对方的头部。
Integrating skills :
1. throw light upon/on 使某事显得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question. 现代科学的发展正使这个问题明朗化。
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake. 这个信息可以解开贝克医生之谜。
5. hesitate犹豫；踌躇；迟疑；（因有疑虑而）停顿 (hesitate about/over sth, hesitate to do, )
She replied without hesitating.她毫不犹豫地作了回答。
Please don’t hesitate to contact e if you have any questions. 如果有疑问请尽管与我联系。
hesitation犹豫 She agreed without hesitation. 她毫不犹豫地同意了。
Unit 12 fact and fantasy 知识清单
Warming up
1. such as _____________
Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die.
2. any better 更好
any adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中，与faster, slower, better等连用；用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上；丝毫
I can’t run any faster. Is your father any better?
3. at a distance 与 in the distance区别是什么？
This picture looks better at a distance.
They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy.
keep sb. at a distance __________________
He always keeps anyone at a distance.
4. collision n. [C,U] ___________ ; __________________
The collision between two cars caused 3 deaths.
Her political activities brought her into collision with the law.
Reading
5. in their efforts to ….______________
In their efforts to solve the problem, they proved themselves a group of strong team.
引申：Make an effort; make every effort; without effort; spare no effort; in a common effort.
Turn out ______________-
It turned out (to be ) fine. The meeting turned out (to be ) a success.
6. voyage (1)n. long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行；（尤指）__________
They made a voyage across the Atlantic. A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space.
引申：voyager n. 航行者；航海者；航天者
7. beat, defeat, win与gain 区别
①beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。
②win和gain属一组同义词。Gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’s living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等；win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg:
We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。
They won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。
(2)beat, hit, strike与tap 区别
beat着重“连续性地击打”，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。此外，beat还可用来指心脏的跳动。strike通常表示打一下，打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的，还可指罢工，（钟）敲响之意。hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。
The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得伏倒了。
The stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部。
It strikes a bug’s back with is forelegs and feelers. 它（蚂蚁）用前腿和触角敲打臭虫的背部。
It taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. 它（蚂蚁）像使用一种电码的方式一样，用触角轻敲对方的头部。
Integrating skills :
1. throw light upon/on ___________
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.
5. hesitate____________________ (hesitate about/over sth, hesitate to do, )
She replied without hesitating. Please don’t hesitate to contact e if you have any questions.
hesitation犹豫 She agreed without hesitation.
篇14：译林牛津高二英语期末复习提纲（二）（模块五第二单元）(译林牛津版高二英语必修五教案教学设计)
Unit Two The Environment
Part One：Useful Words and Phrases
1. debate on/about sth beyond debate: 无疑义/无可争辩
2. environmental protection/conservation, environmental pollution
3. industrial waste
4. a friendly atmosphere
5. in addition=besides; in addition to… additional=extra
6. The earthquake wiped out the village.
7. follow our usual schedule
8. large amounts of poisonous chemicals
9. flow into the rivers
10. turn into a big problem
11. teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living
12. at the same time
13. turn into a big problem
14．Take responsibility for…; be responsible for…
15. rely on sb to do sth; rely on sb that…
16. be of （great/no） importance= be （very ）important
17. hunt animals, hunt (for) a job
18. endanger your health; endangered species
19. advise/suggest doing sth; advise sb to do sth, suggest sb/one’s doing sth
advise/suggest +从句（ 用should do表虚拟）
20. the remaining food; It remains to be seen whether they will succeed.
They remain seated on the sofa, chatting with each other.
21. prohibit…from doing sth (较正式，法规禁止) forbid/prevent….from doing sth
Part Two: Sentence Patterns
1. Can you think of other ways in which people damage the environment?
I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
注： the way + ( in which /that ) 定语从句
2. With me is Mr. Lin (倒装) from the Society for Environmental Preservation.
3. Then we will open the floor for the discussion.
4. voice （表达）your comments or opinions
5. follow the usual schedule
6. The waste goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. flow into the water
7. In addition(=Besides) , many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.
8. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.
lay, laid: 放/铺；产蛋 lay the table for dinner, lay the map on the desk, lay rails; lay eggs
lie, lied:说谎 lie, lay, lain: 躺， 位于
He found a book lying /laid on the desk.
9. This will have a lasting effect upon/on the number of fish left for us to eat.
10. People who need more land to live on and more food to eat.
注：不定式作定语，注意与前面名词的拱配要完整 This is a comfortable chair to sit in.
11. The world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
倍数的表达： A +倍数+比较级+than +B；A+倍数+ as +原级+ as + B
A +倍数+ the +名词 + of + B (有时用 “what从句”或“one’s +名词”)
The population of China is double what it was in 1950.
12. My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production
注：凡和“建议/命令/要求”意义有关的从句，用(should) do 表示虚拟.
13. It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.
14. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
15. As an economist, I’m often seen as being against the environment. (be against/for：反对/支持)
16. This doesn’t have to(不一定/必)be true.
17.What I’m here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmentalists（现在分词的完成形式作状语）, I know a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.
18. The people running these factories (“经营”，现在分词作定语) are concerned about environment.
We should produce less from materials taken directly from the environment.(过去分词作定语)
19. We need to stop thinking of companies as the enemy. (think of…as…:把…看作)
比较： think… (to be)… consider/treat/look on…as…
20. But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides. （the key to doing sth）
21. preserve/protect the environment; environmental preservation/protection/conservation
22. What we need is more laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow.
23. This might make seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things(主语) is not always bad for the economy.
24. pay higher taxes, tax sb/sth
25. Asking around（现在分词作状语）, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. （be willing to do sth）
26. While listening to a debate, remember each speaker’s speech is meant to convince you. (是以…为目的)
27. Just keep in mind (牢记)that you should not make a final decision until you have listened to both sides completely.
28. My aim in life is to save the environment for future generations.（不定式作表语）
29. We should pay more attention to what we eat. People should take responsibility for not buying certain kinds of fish, because there are not many left in the ocean.
30. What if (要是…怎么样) we run out of space? What if the train is late?
31. run out: (vi）不接宾语, 无被动 Our food has run out.
run out of sth: (vt) 接宾语,有宾语
We have run out of our food 或Our food has been run out of.
32. My dad says he doesn’t mind a little bit of pollution, as long as (只要) it means people have jobs.
33. be in a good /bad state, state of mind
34. shock sb; a shock to sb
35. watch…closely:认真/细细致地； 比较： be/get close to…
36. clap sb on the back; give sb a clap
37. in the form of…; be stocked with…=be equipped with…
38. take measures/steps/actions to do sth
39. at national/international level
40. What (do you think) is the biggest danger to our environment today? (疑问前移)
Who (do you think) is the richest man in our village?
41. You can relax and be sure that there was no damage done to make space for your room.
. There was a short gentleman following her.
There be +sb/sth + doing /done /to do
do/cause damage to…; make space for…= make room for…:为…腾出空间
42. I’m delighter by your newspaper’s decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment.
43. The state(状态) of our parks is very shocking, with rubbish everywhere.(with复合结构表伴随)
44. I used to find a trip to the park very relaxing. Now I find it tiring because I have to pick up the rubbish where I am going to sit.(注：where/wherever引导地点状语从句)
This kind of plant grows where it is warm.
Please put the book where you took it.
45. bring shame on sb; It is a shame +从句, What a shame…!
It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people’s activities in the park.
46. Having seen this, the customs officer asked the woman to come over to his desk.
47.On/Upon taking off his jacket( 一…就), a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.
48. Apparently he traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.(伴随状语)
49. I like the idea of taxing factories that pollute although getting them to agree(主语,get sb to do sth ) would be difficult.
50. Having talked to you today(=After talking to you today), I think we should work on some projects
51. Desertification, the name for what happens when farmable land is turned into desert（名词短语作同位语）, is a growing world problem.
52. China joined the Convention and has taken many steps to stop the process of desertification, including encouraging farmers to build fences which stop wind from blowing the dirt away, and providing money for people in dry areas to plant more trees.
53. There is also another resource in the fight against desertification, in the form of the China National Monitoring Center.
54. The center was set up in and is stocked with modern technical equipment for environmental research.
55. There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing （such as为介词短语）information and solutions and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.
56. From my point of view(=In my opinion), you should use recycled materials.
Personally, I agree with Wei Li, because I think he has the right idea.
It seems to me that due to(因为/由于) his mistake, we will get in trouble.
57. It is clear to see why the problems have raised concern both nationally and internationally.
58. Not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but (also) the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing.
注：not only于句首+倒装（采用疑问语序） + but (also)部分不变
59. This is not good news for the people who live in all the towns along the Yangtze River.
60. The pollution has resulted in unsafe drinking water which had led to health problems.
61. It also had harmful effects on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.(结果状语)
62. Thankfully, many people have recognized the importance, and projects have been set up to deal with the problem.
63. Two special government projects are under way to protect the river.
64. Experts are now trying to work out possible solutions to the many problems.
65. This project resulted in farmers replacing the crops with trees or grassland.(动名词的复合式:one’s/sb doing sth)
66. The Yangtze River is home to a diverse range of fish and animals.
67. We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems concerning（介词） the Yangtze River.
68. We believe that the efforts of the Chinese people to protect the river(主语部分) will be appreciated for years to come (=for the coming years)by future generations.
make an effort to do sth； spare no effort (不遗余力)
appreciate (one’s/sb) doing sth
篇15：译林牛津模块一第二单元语言点详析(译林牛津版高一英语必修一教案教学设计)
来源：高中英语园地 作者：佚名 日期：-01-12 21:27:57
Unit Two Growing Pains
Part One knowledge
I Word study
1.act n (戏剧的)一幕 vi 表现 行动
The time for talking is past ;we must ~ at once .
You acted =behaved wisely by ignoring such bad advice.
Who is ~ing Hamlet? He ~ed very well in the play.
act as
I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as interpreter.
2.surpsrise vt&n
sth ~ sb sb be ~ed (at) sth be ~ ing
to one’s great surprise
His not passing the exam, surprised us very much.
We were surprised at his not passing the exam.
To our great surprise ,he didn’t pass the exam.
3.explain ~ sth to sb/ ~ to sb that
He ~ed his plan in some details.
Could you ~ why you left without saying anything?
Please ~ this problem to us .
She ~ed the children that the school had been closed .
Explanation n
He left the room without explanation.
4.charge vt 要价
n 1) 负责，掌管 2）费用
~ (sb/sth) for sth
How much do you ~for mending shoes ?
I’m not going there again ----- they ~ed me five dollars for a cup of coffee!
in charge take charge of in charge of
under /in one’s charge
Leave a child in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
Who’s in charge here?
These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson .
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it)
All goods are delivered free of charge.
5.reason n 理由 ， 原因
for this /that ~
for some ~
the ~ for (doing ) sth
the ~ why +从句
Can you tell us the reason why you didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?
For some reason ,he won’t believe you .
reasonable adj.
NOTE : cause n 起因 vt 引起
the cause of sth
What ~ed the fire (to happen)?
What is the ~ of the fire ?
~ sb / sth to do sth
What ~ed us to think of your childhood?
6.punish vt
~ sb for (doing )
Xiao Li was punished by his parents for not passing the exam .
Scold/criticize/blame etc
punishment n unpunished adj.
7. trust n & vt
A good marriage is based on ~.
I put my ~ in you.
They are not to be ~ed.
You can’t ~ what the papers say.
Can I ~ trust you to post this letter ?
8.upset vt 1) 打翻 弄翻 打乱 2） 使。。。。 苦恼或心烦
~ one’s cup /the milk etc
A large wave ~the boat .
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.
Sth upset sb sb be upset
The problem ~s him so much.
Don’t ~ yourself -----no harm has been done.
He was ~ at not being invited.
be emotionally upset 心烦意乱
9.rude adj. be ~ to do
He is a very ~ man.
Don’t be ~ to people
be rude /cruel /impolite to sb
be kind/polite/friendly to do
rudely adv rudeness n
10. score n &vt 1)得分 2)+twenty
a high /low ~
make a good ~ of 90 points
What’s my ~?
The final ~ was 4-3.
She ~ed 120 in the maths test.
a ~ of people =twenty people
three score an ten
scores of 几十(个)
There are three score students /scores of students in the classroom.
11. insist vt&vi 1)坚持（应该做）2）坚持认为
I insist that you should take an immediate action to put this right.
He ~s that I (should ) be present.
She ~ed that she had done right.
Insist on (doing) sth
She will ~ on getting up early and playing her radio loud.
He ~ed on going with me .
The university ~s on an interview before accept a new student.
12.arugement n. 争论 辩论
have /get into an ~ with sb about sth
We agreed without much further ~.
argument/discussion /quarrel /debate
argue vt
~ with sb abut sth
~ for /against sth
~ that-clause
We ~ed with the waiter about the price of the meal .
I ~ed that we needed a larger office.
13. suggest vt 1)建议 2） 表明 暗示
~ sth to sb
~ (to sb ) that …. (should) do
~(one’s) doing sth
What did you ~ to the manager ?
I ~ed to him that the problem (should ) be dealt with another way.
He ~ed that the wounded (should) be sent to the hospital without hesitation.
He ~ed taking the children the children to the zoo.
His cool response ~ed that he didn’t like the idea.
Are you ~ing that I’m not telling the truth?
suggestion （cn ） 建议-----同位语从句、表语从句同样要用(should)+动词原形
14 spare adj 空闲的，多余的
vt 抽出、分出时间或金钱
Do you carry a ~ wheel in your car?
I have no ~money this month.
in one’s ~time
I can’t ~ the time for a holiday at the moment.
Can you ~ me a few minutes for a talk?
Can you ~a cigarette for me?
15.forbit vt
~ sb (from) doing sth
~ sb to do sth
(doing) sth is forbidden.
I can’t ~ you (from) seeing that man again.
He was forbidden to talk to her.
Smoking/parking is forbidden here.
16 mark n 分数，标记，记号，标志
vt 作记号
She got 80 marks for geography.
White marks painted on the trees show the route.
Who made these dirty marks on my new book?
mark one’s name on one’s clothes --- --mark one’s clothes with one’s name
The route has been marked so that it is easy to follow.
Prices are marked on the goods.
be marked with
Each book is marked with an English letter.
17 test n&vt 测验
a driving test a blood test a maths test
test sth for …
test the water for pollution
test sb on sth
She tested the whole class on irregular verbs.
have one’s eyesight/hearing tested
quiz/test/exam
18 leave vt 1)离开 2）使…处于某种状态
leave (a place) for (another place)
She is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow.
leave sb/sth + adj/prep/doing/done
Who is left in charge?
You should not leave the old man alone at home.
The work is left undone there.
篇16：人教版新高二Unit2单元语言点(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
News Media
New words:
1. reliable adj. able to be trusted; dependable可信赖的，可靠的
（反）unreliable
He looks a nice, reliable man.
Is this information reliable?
reliance n. 依靠，信赖
have/ place / put reliance on sb.
A child has reliance on his mother.
You can put no reliance on Tom.
Do you place much reliance on your doctor?
2. fire vt. 解雇， 开除dismiss from a job(反)take on , hire, employ
Get out! You are fired / dismissed!
vi. shoot off bullets发射（子弹），射击
fire at sb./ sth.
fire a gun at sb.
He is firing at us.
He ran into the bank and fired his gun into the air.
Don’t move or I’ll fire.
3. face n. 1)脸，面孔 [c] 2) 表面，面貌
*face to face
She stood face to face with him.
a face-to-face interview
hide one’s face (由于难为情或羞愧)低下头或把脸躲开
*in one’s face当面，迎面
“It’s your own fault!” he shouted in her face.
*in the face of
What could he do in the face of all the difficulties?
*look in the face正面看某人（而不羞愧），正视
If he knows ---how can I look him in the face?
I want you to look the facts in the face.
*lose (one’s) face
*make a face / faces
*pull / wear a long face
vt.1) 面向,朝着
The kitchen faces north.
2) 面临(形式,问题)
Such was the situation we were facing.
*be faced with面临,面对
We are all faced with the same problem of rising costs.
4. reason n. 意思是理由，原因，缘故着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由：
the reason for /why
Give your reason for the plan.把你计划的理由讲一下.
The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.
The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.
理由=reason
There is no cause/reason for alarm.
You have no cause for complaint.
cause n.1).起因，原因，缘故，理由，根源[c]
着重是指产生某种结果的原因：the cause of
The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他开车太快了.
reason vt.i. 说服,推理,劝说
She can reason very clearly.
I reason that since she had not answered my letter she must be angry with me. 我推断既然她不给我回信,她一定是生我的气了.
reason with sb. (try to persuade by fair argument)以理说服;劝说
You should reason with the child instead of just telling him to obey.
5. injure vt.
1）injure vt.事故中受伤或器官，the injured
机能，外貌受损（外伤）
2）hurt vt.身体的内伤和精神上的伤
vi. 痛
3)harm vt.人们已认识到的客观害处,
公认的害处
4)wound vt.肉体上的外伤 (多指刀枪伤) the wounded
a) When I fell , I _____ my leg.
b) His words _____ her.
c) He was badly _____ in the accident.
d) Doctor says getting up early won’t
_____ you.
e) He got ________ in the war.
6. inform vt. to tell or give the information to (正式)告知,通知,报告
inform sb. that
of
疑问词+ to do
n. / pron.
She informed him that she was to send for it the next day.
He informed them of his arrival.
He will informed us where to go.
If you saw the accident please inform the police.
a well-informed man消息灵通的人
*say, tell, inform, speak, talk用法
*say vt.只能用话语(不能用人)作宾语:
He said, “I’m tired.”
He said a few words then sat down.
*tell vt. 接宾语或双宾语
He told us that he was tired.
*inform vt. 宾语是人
He informed us that he was tired.
只有say可以同原话连用
tell可以用于命令
speak, talk 不及物，有时可及物但绝不是人作宾语．
Do you speak French?
informed adj.有知识的，见闻广的，了解情况的
7．relate vt.
1) to tell a story讲述（故事）
relate to sb. sth.
relate +clause
He related (to us) the story of his escape.
The witness related what he had seen.
2) show a relation between把…联系起来，看出或显示出…与…的关系
I can’t relate those two ideas. 我看不出那两个想法之间的关系。
*relate to 1)和… 有关,涉及
This letter relates to the sale of the house.
I don’t know to what this relates
2)和…相处很好, 和...合得来 (通常用否定)
She doesn’t relate very well to her mother.
*be related to
1)和…有联系,和…有关
All things were related to all other things.
2)和…有亲属关系
Are you related to Mr Smith?
8. talent
genius – 是一个很重的词,只用于少见的才华或有天才的人:
Einstein had genius./was a genius.
She has a genius for mathematics.
talent-- 也表示特殊才能(她不指人本身not the person who has it),但不如genius重
a young actor with a lot of talent
She has a talent for music.
He is a talented football player.
skill -- talent和genius都是某人天生的能力,而skill指一种可以学到的本领,技能,只可以做好某事的能力
a skilled worker
gift-- a natural ability to do sth.天赋,天才
He has a gift for music.
a gifted painter
9. switch vt.i. change or exchange改变,交换
They switched the positions.
He got tired of teaching and switched to painting.
*switch off = turn off
电器用品的开关用turn on, turn off或switch on / off
门窗或盒子的开关用open或shut
水龙头或煤气的开关用turn on或turn off
10. interview n.会晤,接见
have an interview with sb.
Father had an interview with the teacher about John’s work.
receive an interview受到采访
give an interview to sb. 接受某人的采访
He refused to give an interview to the journalist.
a face-to-face interview
interviewee n.
interviewer n.
11.present /pri’zent/ vt.
1)呈献,赠予(尤指在典礼场合)
He presented a silver cup to the winner/ presented the
winner with a silver cup.
2)bring to one’s attention, offer for consideration呈递,提交
The committee is presenting its report next week.
3)introduce (正式) 介绍
May I introduce Mr. Johnson ( to you)?
introduce sb. to
make oneself known
present adj.
1) in the place talked of出席的，到场的opp. absent
How many people were present at the meeting?
People present will get a gift each.
be absent from
Four students are absent from class.
2)现存的， 现在的
What’s your present address?
present n. 现在，当前，目前
We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
at present= at this time = now现在
for the present暂时
12．truthfully yours
13. effort ---努力，尽力the use of strength
with (without)effort 费（不费）力
He lifted the heavy box without effort.
make an/ every effort to do努力做某事
spare no effort不遗余力
The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed.
power-1)动力doing work, driving a machine, producing electricity
Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.
2)力量 Knowledge is power.
strength-力气
force-武力
energy-精力
14.ignore 不顾，不理，忽视refuse to notice, take no notice of
比较：ignore : He ignored the s peed limit (=he knew about it, but paid no attention to it) and drove very fast.它无视时速限制，车开得很快。
ignorant :无知的，不知道的
He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that (= he didn’t know that) there was a speed limit. 他车开得很快，因为他不知道有时速限制。
15．attention n. 注意 （力）[u]
pay (close) attention to注意，重视
draw / catch / call /attract attention to
devote one’s attention to专注于
turn one’s attention to注意力转向
give attention to
concentrate / hold one’s attention upon将注意力集中在
fix one’s attention on留意，专心于02
Now they stopped to pay attention to him.
He is very quiet and doesn’t draw much attention to himself.
All his attention was concentrated upon the great blue circle.
16．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍is used of people or behavior , but usually not of suffering （用于忍受人或行为，通常并不指忍受痛苦）
tolerate doing
I find it hard to tolerate your behavior.
bear/stand极大的肉体痛苦
He bore/ stood the pain as long as he could. 他尽力忍受
痛苦. 还可同can连用,表非常讨厌的事情
I can’t bear/ stand strong coffee.
17. 1)affair事，事情[c]多指已发生的大小事情或必须去做的任何事情；
Leave me alone: mind your own affair.
It’s no affair of mine.
事务（多用复数）多指经济，外交方面的重大事情
international affairs
affairs of state ／ family affair
current affairs时事
2)event 事件，事[c]
The important event of the year was the big earthquake.
3)incident事件；事变；插曲
July 7th Incident
accident事故，意外的事
by accident偶然
business n.商业，生意上的事
18. concern vt.
1）关于,关系到，与…有关to be about（无被动）
The story concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned.这个故事是关于一个被冤枉入狱的人.
Does this concern me?
2)过去分词作表语be concerned with … 和…有关,牵涉
I’m not concerned with that matter any longer.
His work is concerned with the preparation of the documents for
3)过去分词作后置定语: 有关的
The man concerned was her husband.
We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.
4)使担心,挂念worry
concern oneself with / about
be concerned about /with /for / over
Please don’t be concerned about me.
We are concerned about/for her safety.
5) so(as) far as … is concerned就…来说， 就…而论
So far as I’m concerned some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.
It is impossible as far as we are concerned.
n. 担心，焦虑 [u]
There is no reason for concern.
Mother’s concern over her sick child kept her awake all night.
19. telegram n. 电报
He sent me a telegram yesterday.
比较: telegraph n. [u]
The news was sent by telegraph.
v.打电报
We telegraphed her the news.
20. locate -v.
1)to learn the position of确定…的地点,找到…的位置
We located the library, schools, and stores as soon as
we moved into the town. 我们一搬到这个城镇里,就
找到了图书馆,学校和商店的地点.
2)使…坐落于, 把…设置在fix/ set in a certain place.
be located位于
Where is it located?
The firehouse is located on Main Street.
The house is located next to the river.这房子坐落在河边.
21.look up to =respect=admire
(opp.) look down upon
look into
look on
look forward to
look on …as
look out
look through
22.bore vt.使厌烦make sb. uninterested
The lesson was boring.
The students were bored (by it).
23.fall in love with
be in love with
24.attitude n.
(1) a way of feeling态度,表现
attitude to( towards)
What ‘s you attitude towards this idea?
(2) a position of the body (正式)姿态,姿势
25.disappoint –vt.
1)使失望, 使计划受挫unhappy at not seeing hopes come true
I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.
让你失望了很抱歉,可我实在不能来.
2)disappointed adj. 失望的
*be disappointed about/ at/ in / with sb. /sth.
be disappointed to do
Are you disappointed about/ at losing the race?
My parents will be disappointed in/ with me if I fail
the examination.
She was very disappointed to hear it.
3) disappointing adj.令人失望
Her acting was disappointing.; I hoped she would do better.
What disappointing news !
He was disappointing , so his parents were very disappointed with him.
to one’s disappointment
The film made all of us ___. It is really ___.
A. disappointing; disappointed
B. disappointed; disappointing
C. disappointed: to be disappointed
D. fell disappointing; disappointing
Text:
1. generous 1) 慷慨，大方 (opp) mean
It is generous of sb. to do
It is generous of you to lend me your car yesterday.
be generous to sb.
The poor are usually generous to each other.
be generous with sth.
She is not very generous with the food.
2）丰盛的
He gave me a generous meal.
2.rob sb. / sp. of sth
不能说：rob sth.
Mrs Smith was robbed of her 4 3,000 designer watch at her west London home.
steal sth from sb./sp.
不能说：steal sb.
She was caught stealing food from the shop.他在商店偷食品时被发现了.
pick one’s pocket掏腰包
3.Food prices are going up.
go up go down vi.
上涨 rise 下降 bring down (the prices) vt.
get higher reduce vt.
The prices have been brought down.
The price is too high/ low.
The shirt is too expensive / cheap.
4. burn down (a building) be destroyed by fire烧毁 (强调破
坏性)
The building was burned down and only ashes were left.
burn out make hollow by fire烧光，烧掉
The building was burned out and only the walls remained.
burn up destroy completely by fire烧完，烧尽 (强调结果)
All the wood has been burned up.所有的木头都已烧完.
5. experienced pp. used as an adverbial分词作定语
1) When shall we send the corrected papers back to them?
2) The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump with joy. 那封信突然的到来使我们高兴得跳了起来.
3) He made an inspiring speech at the meeting.
4) The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause.受到鼓舞的听众站立起来,对他报以长时间的热烈掌声.
6.relate to sb. / sth. 能理解或同情某人(某事物)
Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientidt. 学生们发现理解科学家的生活很难.
relate… to有关联的, 相关的
It refers to something in the past which is directly relate
to the present time. 它指的是发生在过去但与现在有直接关系的某件事.
If you relate the results to the cause, you will find things are not that simple. 如果你把结果与援引联系起来看,你会发现事情并不那么简单.
7. for once=just for once=for this once=this once (至少)这一次(平时不这样)
1) For once, they broke the rule.
2) For once ,you are wrong.
3) For once, Brown, the toughest man, was asking for support.只有这一次Brown这个硬汉,开口求人了.
at once/immediately/
all at once/ suddenly/ all of a sudden
8. 1)rather than 而不是，与其…宁愿 instead of
The color seems green rather than blue.
He is a write rather than a poet.
He ran rather than walked.
Rather cause trouble, he left.
2)rather than连接两个并列主语时与前者一致
He rather rather you is to blame.
3) A rather than B = more A than B与其说B,不如说A.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
=He is more an artist than a philosopher.与其说他是位哲学家,不如说他是位艺术家.
4)would (had) rather … than宁愿…不愿
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would
beg in the streets.
9.keep + adj. (present p./past p.) 使保持，继续（处于某种状态）
Will you take these home and keep them safe?请你把这些带回来，安全保管好吗?
Keep the fire burning.
Would you keep me informed of how things are going? 你随时通知我事情的进展好吗？
10. make sure that 确保，设法做到
Please make sure that the house is locked when you leave.
Before she called on her friends, she rang to make sure that they were home.
make sure of / about
Make sure of all the facts before you write the report.
写报告前要弄清所有的事实.
There is just one or two details that I would like to make
sure about. 只有一两个细节我想弄明白.
11. bring back 1)带回, 送回
He always brings me back something nice when he goes overseas.
4) 使回忆起来,使恢复
Her heart stopped three times, but they brought her back.
Talking about it brings it all back.一谈起这件事就全想起来了.
12. adapt to改变，使能适应change so as to be suitable for new needs
It is not easy to adapt oneself to new conditions. 要使自己适应新环境是不容易的。
When you go abroad, you are often obliged to adapt yourself to foreign habits and customs. 一个人出国后往往被迫适应外国的风俗习惯。
13….it was the first time that I had written with real passion…
一些时态的固定句型:
1) That /It is the first /second …time that + have done
was had done
This is the first time I’ve come here.
It was the third time(that) he had made the same mistake.
2) It is / has been + 一段时间 + since did
was had done
It is ( has been) two weeks since I came here.
我来这两个星期了．（终止性动词表延续）
It is five years since I smoked.
我不吸烟五年了．（沿续性动词表终止）
I have smoked for five years.吸烟五年
She said it was five years since she had finished her work.完成工作五年了
It is ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十年没这么快乐了
3) was/ were about to do when + did
was/ were doing
was/were going to do
was / were on the flight
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
4) Hardly had…done when did
No sooner than
Scarcely when/ before
Hardly had I got home when it rained.
5) It won’t be／take + 一段时间＋before do用不了多久就
It will be/take + 一段时间 ＋before… 用了多久就．．．
It won’t be long before he comes back.
It will be two hours before he comes back.
It wasn’t + 一段时间 + before did 没过多久就．．．
It was + 一段时间 + before did 过了多久就．．．
It wasn’t ten years before they met again.
6)It is time that should do/ did
It is time that they went to school.
13．be/ get / become addicted to sth.… 对…有(上)瘾unable to stop having, taking
Soon he became addicted to cigarettes.
The children are addicted to television.
addiction 嗜好
14. on all sides = on every side 在各方面,四面八方
On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 他的演讲及其各界人们极大的热情.
They were trapped with enemies on every side.他们陷入困境四面楚歌.
15. respect 1) vt.
He respect every opinion his friend held.
2) n. 尊敬 [u, 可加a ] 重视
have (no, much) respect for sb. /sth.
I have much respect for him.
He has no respect for his promises.
3)n. (pl) 敬意,问候 =regards
Give my respects/ regards to your wife.
16. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.示威者们在场外与工人们交谈，积极呼吁保护地球，表现出了勇气和力量。
brave and strong表句子主语在talk和leave a message时的情形, 即:when the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth, they were brave and strong..
eg. The old man went to bed hungry last night. (The old man was hungry when he went bed last night. 这种结构与副词作状语结构不同.前者主要说明主语,后者主要说明谓语.
The old man went to bed slowly. (The action of “ going to bed” is slow)
He went home, tired and hungry.
17.
篇17：人教版新高二Unit9单元语言点(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
New words:
1.content-n. the ideas of a book, paper etc. 内容；目录； 要旨
I like the style of this book, but I don’t like the content. （内容）
Before buying a book, I look at the table of the contents. （目录）
adj.
1）satisfied; happy 满足的；满意的
a)be content to do
be (well) content with
John seems content just to sit in front of the television all night.
约翰似乎整夜坐在电视机前就满足了。
She is not content with the explanation.(不满意)
b)be satisfied with 对。。。感到满意
You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you.
I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
c）be pleased with 满意
I ’m very pleased with what he has done.
We are very pleased with our new house.
d) be happy with 满意的satisfied because one thinks that sth is being done in the right way
He wasn’t happy with her work and he made her do it again.
vt.使满足：
1）content
Simple praise is enough to content him.
*content oneself with 使对。。。满足，满足于
He contented himself with that work.
He contented himself with one glass of wine.
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
There is no contenting some people. 有些人是很难满足的。
There is no doing …没法做某事
There is no stopping him. 没法阻止他。
2）meet one’s need/ demands/ expectation
satisfy
Does the hotel meet your expectation?
The new book meets our needs.
2.access – n.
1)[c]means of entering; way to; entrance 进入；通路
The access / entrance/ passage / way / solution / attitude / key/ visit to
The only access to their house is along a narrow road.
2)[u]means or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用，接近或进入的方法或权利（机会）：
Students need easy access to books.学生需要得到图书的方便途径。
3.rural ---adj.乡村的；农村的like the countryside
people living in the rural areas
countryside
country
urban---of a town or city 都市的；城市的
urban life
suburb---n.(通常pl) an outer area of a town or city, usu. Where people live rather than work 郊区
I live in the suburbs.
3.responsibility-n.
1)责任，义务 [u]
take responsibility for 对。。。承担责任
take on responsibility 承担责任
have a responsibility/ responsibilities for/towards 对。。。有责任
Parents take most of the responsibility for the children.
I take fully responsibility for breaking the window.我对打破窗户负全责。
I take fully responsibility for this action.
Parents have responsibility for their children.
2）职责[c]，责任心
The mother of a family has many responsibilities.做孩子的妈妈要尽多方面的责任。
responsible-adj.
1）be responsible (to sb.) for sth./sb.对某事/某人（向。。。）负责
I am responsible to the director for making sure that the company is profitable.我对董事负责，保证公司赚钱。
She is my child. I’m responsible for her.
Who is responsible to the parents for the education of children?
2）be in charge of 负责
I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director’s away.
be in the charge of 由。。。负责
The factory is in the charge of Mr. Smith.
3)answer for= be/ become responsible for对。。。负责，承担。。。后果；受惩罚
I’ll answer for his safety.
You will have to answer for your violent behavior in court.
对你在法庭上的粗暴行为，你必须承担一切后果。
4.take action
take measures / take a step
We have to take action before it is too late.我们必须采取行动，否则就太晚了。
The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployment. 政府已经答应采取措施来帮助失业者。
5. willingness ---n 愿意，心甘情愿 willingly –adv.
be willing to
be ready to
be content to
be prepared to do=愿意的
be glad/happy/ pleased to do sth.
I shall be well content to do so.
Mary seems content to sit in front of the television all night. 乐意
My grandparents are content to live quietly in the countryside.
I’m not prepared to listen to your weak excuses. 站不住脚的
She’s always ready to help others.
6.harmony-n. 协调，和谐[u]
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.
She had a sense of harmony.
There can be no harmony between two selfish people.
*in harmony 和谐， 和睦
Bob and I work together in harmony for years.
My cat and dog never fight---they live together in perfect harmony.我的猫和狗从来不打架，它们和睦相处。
*in harmony with 和。。。一致
His tastes are in harmony with mine.
7. put an end to结束（不好的事），制止
We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
come to an end结束
The meeting came to an end at last.
come to… end有。。。的结局
If you don’t give up, you’ll come to a bad end.
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵
come to a stop
The car came to a stop at last.
8.wipe away 擦掉；清除掉
Wipe away your tears.
wipe (…) off
Wipe the dirt off your shoes.
She wiped off the dust.
wipe on 在。。。上面擦
He wiped his dirty hands on a rag.
9.per-a/an / for each
Our charge for the work will be $6 per hour/ an hour.
10.alternative- adj.两者（或以上）择一的，供选择的
We returned by an alternative road.我们是从另一条路回来的。
They are alternative ways of expression the same idea.
n.抉择；可供选择的方案
They are several alternatives to your plan.
除了你的计划，另有几种选择方案。
There is no alternative but to fight.
I had no alternative but to walk out.
改错：There is no alternative but wait. (to wait)
The only alternative is coffee and tea. (and -- or)
You have the alternative of going and staying. (and – or)
你可在去留之间选择。
You have the alternative of coffee, tea, or milk. (有of 用 or)
你可在咖啡，茶或牛奶中任选其一。
The alternatives are coffee, tea and milk. （没有of用and）
可供选择的是咖啡，茶叶和牛奶。
11.defend –v. 1) vt.
a) defend… against/ from 保护。。。使不受：
defend sb. from harm
We defended ourselves against a surprise attack.
She defended her children from the mad dog.
b) protect… from/against 保护；保卫
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他抬起胳膊挡住向他脸部打来的一拳。
She protected the children from every danger. 她保护孩子们免遭任何危害
c) guard …from/ against 防卫；警卫；保护（使不受损害）
The wall guards the place from the thieves.
The dog guarded the house ( against strangers).
狗守护着房子（防止生人进入）。
Wear a hat to guard your face against the sun.
guard against 防止
2)辩护；答辩 vt.为。。。辩护
I have no intention defending myself to you.
That lawyer is defending Mr. Smith.
12.1)affect vt.
2)have an effect on
effect-v. produce 产生
She effected several changes in the company.她使公司发生了几个变化。
3)influence sb./sth.
sb. to do sth.
have an influence over sb.
1)Smoking affects health.
2)Smoking has a bad effect on him.
3)Don’t let me influence your decision.
What influenced you to do it?
He has a strange influence over the girl.
13.advise
suggest
recommend
give advice
I advised her that she should wait.
I advise waiting till the right time.
I recommend you to buy this dictionary.
Let me give you a piece of advice.
Text:
1.
Text:
1.share ideas交换意见
compare notes
2.1)since then/ since when 同完成时连用
I have not been much in that country since then.
Since when have you been living in this country?
2）ever since从那以后（一直）（同完成时连用）
John fell off his house a week ago and has been in bed (ever) since.
2)It is + 一段时间 + since + did
It’s a long time since I met you last.
It’s just a week since we arrived here.
3)表过去某事前一段时间情况，时态有以下几种类型：
a）主句从句谓语都用完成时态：
Two weeks had passed since Mary had seen him.
b)主句谓语用一般过去时，从句谓语用过去完成时：
It was years since I had seen her.
c)主句谓语用完成时,从句用一般过去时：
Since she came to me, we had been very happy.
4)在。。。之后，后来
He was sick last week but has since recovered.
Her husband died ten years age, but she’s since married.。。。后来又结婚了。
3.1)or 即；也就是；用于补充说明上文内容。
The company is paying the rent or at least contributing to it.公司在付房租，或者至少再付一部分房租。
That is (to say),
namely
Only one people can do the job, namely you.
2)or (else) 否则
He had to have a job or go hungry.
Hurry up or else you’ll be late.
3)or rather 更确切的说
He arrived late last night or rather in the early hours this
morning.
4)or so 大约；左右（放在量词后）= more or less
I want a hundred or so.
Mr. Smith will be back in a week or so.
about/ around/ some （放在前）
5)or something (somewhere)大概是…这类东西（在…这类地方）
He’s an engineer or something.
I put it in the cupboard or somewhere.
4. without doing 再没发生。。。的情况下
They left the school in a hurry , without saying goodbye to anyone.
He locked the door without making a sound.
*do without /go without 没有。。。也可以；对付
People cannot do without food.
I don’t have enough money to buy a car, so I’ll just have to do without one.
I’m afraid there’s no coffee, so we’ll just have to go without (it).
If I can’t find it, I shall have to do without it.
5.20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.世界上20%的人口喝不上清洁的饮用水。
access to 进入；接近
The dead-only street was the only access to her home.那个死胡同是通往她家的唯一的路。
Access to the mountain-town is often difficult because of the bad roads. 由于路况不好，进入山城往往很难。
6.alone-adv.只有；仅仅
He alone is not responsible for it.
Money alone cannot make you happy.
（all） alone 单独一人（放在动词后）
I had to work all alone.
She likes to go it alone in everything.她凡事都喜欢一个人干.
7.If we are to
be+ to do sth. 安排；命令；职责；义务；目的；用途；可能性；命中注定：
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
The prize is to honor him for his great discovery, 奖品是为了表彰他的重大发现。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。
They were never to meet again. 它们注定以后永远再也见不着面了。
8.do whatever one can= do what one can= do all that one can
9.Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.
倒装：nor; neither, not, hardly, seldom, never
Never have I met him before.
Seldom have we seen such big melons.
Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.
10.Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way can you work out the maths problem.
Only when Tom returns this afternoon will the meeting begin.
11.Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
倒装：
1)Jack didn’t understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything.(陈述句)
2)Not until his mother told him everything did Jack understand why she was angry with him. （倒装句）
3)It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him.（强调句）
12.A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.更好地了解环境情况是必要的，意愿行动也是必要的。
as= so
He is a patriot, as are his brothers.他是个爱国者，他的兄弟们也是一样。
He believed, as did his family, that you were telling the truth.
13.in harmony with (与。。。)和睦相处
反义：out of harmony with
The goal, he says, is to live in harmony with the world around us. 他说目标是与我们周围和谐相处。
He soon found himself in harmony with his new co-worker.
14.put an end to 结束；制止
We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
15.There is a chance (that)…
1）chance 可能性[c;u]
There is a chance that…有可能发生某事
There is a good chance that I’ll finish the work tomorrow.
There is a chance that the sick child will get well.
There is just a chance that he’ll help you.
同义词：possibility 可能性（多作不可数名词，有时可加a）
用法：
a) There is a possibility of doing…
There is a possibility of his coming for Christmas.
I don’t think there is any possibility of your getting away before midday tomorrow.
b)There is a possibility that…
There is a possibility that the train may be late.
There’s always the possibility that he won’t come.
2)chance机会 [c; u] 同义词 opportunity
Chance/ opportunity to do
of doing
I had the chance / opportunity of visiting Paris.
I had no chance/ opportunity to see him.
I wish I’d had your chances / opportunities!
I don’t get many chances to talk to him these days.
The train was so full that we had little chance to compare notes.
There was no chance of his getting scholarships.
篇18：人教版新高二Unit6单元语言点(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
New words:
1.prediction –n.预言
predict –vt. to see or describe ( a future happening) in advance预言，预测
She predicted that he would marry a doctor.
Can you predict when the work will be finished?
predictable –adj.
2.forecast vt. to say with some kind of knowledge(what is going to happen at some future time)预报，预测
比较:predict
The teacher forecast that15 of his pupils would pass the examination.
Heavy rain has been forecast for tomorrow. 天气预报明天有大雨.
3.1)glimpse –n. 无意识地一瞥,看到的粗略印象, 瞥见，强调结果.
catch / get a glimpse of
I only caught a glimpse of the thief, so I can’t really describe him.我只是瞥了小偷一眼,因此我无法把他仔细描述.
I caught a glimpse of Meg at the station this morning.我早上在车站看见梅格了．
I caught a glimpse of the Town Hall clock as we drove quickly past.
2)glance –v.匆匆地看一眼或粗略地扫一眼,强调动作
glance at =take a glance at/ take a quick look at
He glanced at his watch once again and then looked at the front entrance.
n. 一瞥One glance at his face told me he was ill.
at a glance看一眼， 一眼看出
She saw at a glance that he’d been crying.
3)gaze –凝视,盯着看 gaze at
4)stare-凝视，盯着 stare at
5)glare –瞪着 glare at
She ___ shyly at the young fellow from behind her fan.
A. glanced B. glimpsed C. gazed D. copied
I ___ her among the crowd just before she disappeared from sight.（glimpsed） 就在他消失在人群当中之前，我瞥见了他。
I caught (get) a glimpse of his face as he ran past.
We caught a glimpse of a river as the train passed over a bridge.
The angry father glared at his son.
Children should be taught not to stare at handicapped people.
4. trend –n. general direction, tendency趋势，倾向
the trend of rising unemployment失业上升的趋势
the latest trends(=fashions) in women’s clothes女装最新趋势
5. contemporary --adj. 当代的，现代的，同时期的modern , of the present
contemporary history / art/morals现代历史/艺术/道德
contemporary building
new-是形容现已存在但时间很短的事物的一般用语：
a new building/ law/ book
recent-描绘不久前发生或出现的事物 ，主要用于事件：
our recent vacation我们不久前的假期
We elected a new senator in the election. 在最进的选举中我们选了一位新参议员。
modern-适用于比new更长的一段时间，意为“属于现代或不太久的过去”：
an examination in modern history
Modern science has conquered many disease.
contemporary-意为属于现在或在前不久
contemporary art/politics 当代艺术/政治
current-描绘当前的事物，可以是也可以不是new
the government’s current ideas on defense政府当前对国防的看法
6.indicate-vt.
1) to show by sign; make clear暗示，表明
I indicated that his help was not welcome.
2)( 开车转弯时用手,灯光或箭头)表示方向:
He is indicating left.
At the crossing there is an arrow ___ the direction to the Andrew Farm.
A. indicating B. to indicate C. indicated D. indicate
3)point at, draw attention to指示,指出
I asked him where my sister was, and he indicated the store across the street.
7.ensure –vt. make sth. certain to happen保证,担保
ensure that
ensure sb. sth
ensure sth.
ensure doing
If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi.
His ability ensures his success.
The medicine will ensure a good night’s sleep.
Come early to ensure getting a good seat.
We ensure to fulfill the task on time. ×
I ensure to help him. ×
8. necessity ---n.
1) need, the condition of being needed需要, 必要(性)[u]
necessity to do/ of / for
Is there any necessity for another election?
There is no necessity to hurry.
What’s the necessity of leaving so early?
2) necessity --something one needs to have 必需品,必不可少的东西[c]
指客观上必不可少的东西; 生活必需品
Food is a basic necessity of life.
necessary-必需品,指主观上需要客观上并不一定必不可少[c]
a. Food and clothing are ___of life. (necessities)
b. Sleep is a ___. (necessity)
c. We packed those necessities for future use.
d. A motorcar is a ___of life nowadays. (necessary)
f. Things that are luxuries of one generation become the ___ of the next, such as television, telephone, etc... A. necessary B. necessaries C. necessity D. necessities
9. crowd –n. a large number of people gather together人群, 一群人
a crowd waiting for a bus
There were crowds of people at the theatre.
v. (of people) come together in large number拥挤,聚集
People crowded around the scene of the accident.
crowded –adj. complete full; filled with a crowd
be crowded with
be packed with
The bus was crowded with people.
The stadium was packed with people.
10. goods --n. (pl)商品,货物 (作主语,谓语用复数)
All the goods in the store ___ ( is / are ) expensive.
The shopper delivered four goods to me this afternoon. ×
The shopkeeper delivered some goods to me this afternoon.
1)必须用复数的有: sports, sales, goods, clothes
sports man , sports car, salesgirl
2)集体名词
a) 某些表无生命的集体名词，如 machinery, jewelry, poetry等，用单数：
b) 某些表有生命的集体名词：
如cattle, police, 等，用复数
His cattle were feeding.
c) 某些表有生命的集体名词，如audience, class, couple, crew, family, government, majority, public看作集体用单数，看作成员用复数。
The audience have taken their seats.
The audience is requested to remain seated.
3)由两部分构成的物体名称，如 compasses, glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scales (天平)，scissors 通常看作复数
4) 以ings 结尾的名词，如belongings, surroundings, takings (收入)等，作复数
5)单复数同形的名词, 动词要与该名词在句中的单复数保持一致。
a) 某些动物,物体名称，如dear, sheep, fish, craft, aircraft
b) 以-ese (-ss) 结尾的民族名称， 如 Chinese , Swiss
c) means, works
Every means has been tried.
All the means have been tried.
11. purchase –v. (fml) to buy (正式) 购买;购置(指购买比较贵重的东西,如珠宝,房子,名贵的书等,也可用于购买股票等,不用于买菜,肉等)
He purchased a new house in the country.
The employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the company.该企业号召职工购买其股票.
purchase sth. with sth. 以某物换(买)某物
n. 1)[c](.pl.通常用复数)something that you buy 所购买的物品
I have some purchases to make in town.
She made several purchases in the store.
2) n.[u] the act of buying things购买行为
We began to regret the purchase of such a small house.
12. cash –n. money in coins and notes, rather than checks现金,现款
cash/ check/ cheque/ note/ coin/ credit card
I don’t have any cash on me . Can I pay by check?
v. 把…兑换成现金,兑现
Can you cash that check for me?
Where can I get this cashed?
13. remain vi.保持不变,仍是, 剩下,(人) 逗留
She likes to remain home. ×
She likes to remain at home.
可以说: remain at home / stay home / stay at home
不可以说: remain home
remain doing 具有主动性
sth. remain to be done 某事有待去做
可以说：It remains to be seen. 这尚待以后见分晓.
She remained sitting.
不可以说: It remains being seen.
She was remaining here after we left. ×
是状态动词,不用进行时
应说: She remained here after we left.
- ing 形式作前置定语: 剩下,留下
the remaining money
left-the money left
remainder –n. 剩余物,其余人
The remainder of the books are in the box.
作系词:continue to be仍然是,依旧是
Peter became a judge, but John remained a fisherman/ remained
poor.
It only remains for sb. to do sth. “某人说要做的是…” remain”剩下，留下
It only remains for me to sign the paper that you gave me.
我说要做的事只是在你给我的文件上签字。
It only remains for him to say that he agrees to the plan
他所要做的只是说一声他同意这个计划。
Everything has been done. It only remains for them to come and enjoy the meal.
事情都干完了。他们所要做的只是来美美的吃一顿。
14. cure –vt. n.治愈,治疗cure sb. of a disease
不说: The doctor cured her from her cough.
This medicine cured me my cold.
而说: The doctor cured her of her cough.
This medicine cured me of my cold.
treat vt. 治疗
treat sb. for a disease
treat sb. with …用…治疗
The doctors were treating her for heart trouble.
I’ll treat you with Chinese medicine.
15. distance --n. 远方,远处,距离
1) 问距离
不说: how long / how much
而说: what
What’s the distance between London and Paris( from London to Paris)
2)表示 ”在远处”
可以说: in the distance
at a distance / from a distance
不说: at the distance
Can you see a deer in the distance?
3)在表示远近时用long , short修饰, 不用near , far
It is a long / short distance from here.
=It’s near / far from here.
4) a long distance / a long-distance call长途电话
distant –adj.
16. cheat –v.
1)欺骗,骗取
cheat sb. (out) of sth.
His father was cheated of his land.
He cheated me my money.×
He cheated me of my money.
2) cheat sb. into sth./doing sth. 骗取某人做谋事
He cheated her into believing that he loved her.
17. require （正式）请求，命令demand ,order
request 要求,请求demand politely（比ask正式,比demand客气）
demand (有权)要求 ，（强烈）要求ask for sth. strongly
ask 要求，请求（普通用语）
beg 乞求
*require vt.
1)（正式）要求，命令
a) require sb. to do sth.
I require you to speak this to no one.
They required me to keep silent.
被动：
You are required to say what is good for him or what isn’t.
All passengers are required to show their tickets.
b) require + n.
This requires great effort on the part of its people.
c) require that should do
He requires that they (should )work all night.
2)需要
The floor requires washing.
3)过去分词作定语:
You should pass the required examination to become a doctor.
4) require of对…的要求
I will do all that is required of me.
I am willing to do whatever my country requires of me.
*request
1)request sb. to do sth.
I requested him to bring his daughter here.
Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.
Passengers are requested to take their seat immediately.
2)request that should do
She requested that the boxes should be taken to the upstairs.
3)request + n.
The judge requested silence.
4)n. make a request
He made a request for help / that I should help him.
*at one’s request /at the request of根据…的请求
I bought it at your request/at the request of my father.
He was writing at the request of Mr. Brown.
*by request应（观众）请求
She sang a song by request.
The piece was played by request.
*in great request/need有极大需求
These materials are in great need/ request.
*on(upon) request 应请求，被要求时
The band will play on request.
*demand 要求，（强烈）要求
demand sth.
demand to do
demand that ( should ) do
eg. I demand my rights./ an answer.
I demand to know the truth.
They demand that they get more money.
n.需要，需求
the demand for
in great demand
Is there much demands for teachers in this town?
Oil is in great demand these days.
*ask
ask for 要求得到
ask to do
ask sb. to do
ask that (should) do
He has asked for an interview with the present.
I ask to speak to Mr. Baker.
She asked him to wake her at six o’clock.
I ask that he leave.
*beg 乞求，恳求，请求
beg sb. to do
beg to do 请允许
beg that
She beg him to remain home.
I beg to point out that your facts are incorrect.
I beg that he leave.
18.programme v. plan, arrange 1)计划，安排，
We’ve programmed you to appear on his show next week.
2) 使按程序工作, 编制程序
The computer is programmed to accept data in any or all of these media.
Please program the computer to give me more information.请给计算机编程序以便为我提供更多的信息．
n. 1)节目单，节目，表演
What’s your favorite television program?
2)计划，方案，纲领
Meetings are held to explain the program to the villagers.
3)（计算机）程序
19. reality n. not imagination
turn sth. into reality
in reality 实际上
Everyone liked the stranger but in reality he is a criminal.
Text:
1.what happens to sb.?
what becomes of sb.?
what’s wrong with sb.? 某人怎么了
What’s the matter with sb.?
What’s the trouble with sb.?
2.It would be bad for society if people had doubles.
1) If I were you, I wouldn’t go.
2) If I had time, I would go.
3）If it rained tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would go.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would go.
3) If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t have caught a cold.
3. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict,
What should a good friend be like?
1)What is sb. like?问某人如何，个性特征，既可以是内在品质，也可以是外在特点，回答是可针对其中的一方面，也可两方面都回答。
---What’s she like?
--- She is very kind and beautiful.
*也可指天气，或某物如何
What’s the weather like today?
What’s his handwriting like?
2)What does sb./sth. look like? 某人/某物看上去如何?(外表,长相)
---What does she look like? ---She looks like her mother.
3)How does sb. like?
How do(did) you like…? 你觉得…怎么样?
=What do you think of…?
What / How about…?
How do you like the film?
4. make forecast about sth. =forecast
the weather forecast
v. forecast that forecast/ forecast, forecasted/ forecasted
The teacher forecast that 15 of his students would pass the examination.
to forecast the weather
to forecast election results
链接：forehead, forefather, foresee
5. indicate vt.
1) to suggest the possibility or probability of: be a sign of有…的可能性，象征
In this map, the towns are indicated by a red dot. 在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。
2) to show or point to sth. 指给…看，指示
With a nod of her head she indicated to me where I should sit.
6. amaze vt. To filll with great surprise; cause wonder in使惊奇, 使吃惊
. sth. amaze sb.
sb. be amazed at sth. 某人对谋事惊讶
be amazed by sth. 某人被某事震惊
be amazed to do sth. 吃惊地做某事
His knowledge amazed me.
The visitors were amazed at the achievements of the city during the past ten years.
amazing adj. amazed adj.
7. environment means all the things around you, esp. as they influence your feelings and development 指周围的一切,尤指环境对人心情及发展的影响
Children need a happy home environment.
Brought up in a happy environment 在幸福环境中长大
surroundings simply the physical things which surround a place or person.指一个地方或一个人周围的具体东西：
a hotel set in pleasant surroundings 位于舒适环境里的饭店
She grew up in comfortable surroundings. 他在舒适的环境中长大。
比较: to grow up in beautiful surrounding 在美丽的自然环境中长大
to grow up in a happy environment 在快乐的生活中长大
8. keep in touch with
in touch with = in communication with 同。。。联系
out of touch with 失去联系
get in touch with 取得联系
lose touch with 失去联系
Let’s keep in touch with each other.
We are in close touch with our office in USA.
We have been out of touch with Lilian.
9. pay more attention to
call one’s attention to
attract one’s attention
draw one’s attention
invite one’s attention
give one’s attention to
fix one’s attention on
focus one’s attention on
center one’s attention on
devote one’s attention to
bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意某事
10. With a better understanding of the human body,…
with prep. at the same time or rate as sth. else 随着
Good wine will improve with age.佳酿越陈跃醇.
With the approach of sunset, the shadows lengthened. 随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长.
11. understanding n.
1)理解,了解
According to my understanding of the letter, he owes you money.
2) agreement, nor formal 协议,谅解
reach an understanding ( with sb. about sth.)
come to (与某人对谋事)达成正式协议
arrive at
We have come to an understanding.(= reached an understanding)
12. be sure (that )
be not sure whether
I’m sure smoking hurt you.
I’m not sure where he lives.
I’m not sure whether he will come.
13. come true of a hope, prediction, etc) really happen, become fact
His dream came true at last.
14.1) on the air 广播着;播送中
send (put) on the air 广播，播送
What’s on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目？
2) by air
3) in the air a)在空中 b) 渺茫 The plan is quite in the air.计划还很渺茫。
4）take the air a)兜风，散步 b)飞机起飞
15.prepare sth.
prepare for
prepare sb. for
be prepared for
be prepared to do
make preparations for
16.*in store(for sb./ sth.)
1)(kept ready for future use) 储存着; 备有
have /keep sth. in store
He always keeps several cases of wine in store.他总是备有几箱酒。
A bright future is in store for you.
2)coming in the future; about to happen 必将到来，快要发生
I can see trouble in store.我预见到要有麻烦发生。
There is a surprise in store for you. 你一定要大吃一惊的。
* a store of (sth.)积累而成的巨大数量
a library with a store of rare books
She keeps a store of stories in her head.
*store up
A squirrel stores up food for the future.
17.get back 1)回来，归来 =return
2)取回，收回 He got his money back after struggle.
3)恢复力量
篇19：人教版新高二Unit5单元语言点(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
The British Isles
New words:
1.consist of, be made up of, include包含,包括,由….组成
1)consist of -- 不用进行式,无被动式no pass.
= be made up of
The book consists of ten parts. 本书共十章.
is consisted of ×
is consisting of ×
The city of New York consists of five boroughs.
纽约有五个行政区.
North America consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.(=these are all the parts that make it up)北美包括美国,加拿大和墨西哥.(他们是构成北美的所有部分.
2) include
The United States includes Alaska and Hawaii.(= these are two of the states that make up the United States)美国包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷.(他们是组成美国各州的两个州)
2.form vt. vi.1）形成，组成，构成，养成
form the habit of
form a sentence
A plan began to form in his mind.
School helps to form a child’s character.(比喻)上学可以帮助培养孩子的品德。
2)form …from由…构成,由…组成.
form … into组成,排成,分成,做成
She formed a clay into a bowl.
She formed a bowl from the clay.
3)form up排好队伍
Form up in line.
3.general adj.1)普遍的，公众的，普通的
It’s a matter of general interest.
The cold weather has been general.
2)一般的，大致的
get a general idea获得大意
Give me a general idea of the work.
as a general rule一般说来
general knowledge常识，人所共知的事
in general一般说来，总的说来
Women in general like to shop for new clothes.
3) generally adv.
generally speaking
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
4.influence n. 1)影响 [u],表某种影响可作[c]
have influence over/ with/ on/ upon
A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
He had great influence with the miners.
2)a person with this power有影响的人
He is a good / bad influence on my daughter.
他对我女儿是一个有好/坏影响的人.
under the influence of在(人,东西).. 的影响下
3) v.影响,感化
Don’t let me influence your decision.
What influenced you to do it?
5.basis/ bases(复)基础,根据
What’s the basis of/ for your opinion? 你的看法的根据是什么?
base n.基础,底部
base sth. on sth.
be based on根据
The text is based on the novel written by Luxun.
be taken from摘自于
The text is taken from the play written by Shakespeare.
be set in以…为背景
The film is set in a small village.
6.judge v.
1)judge by 以…来判断，从…来看
Don’t judge a man by his looks.
judged by…
Judged by the ordinary standards, he was reliable.
2)judge from从…来看, 根据…可以看出
Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.
Judging from the number of caars, he thought, there were not many people at the club yet.
3)认为,估计vt.
a. 跟不定式的复合宾语(多和to be 连用)
I judge him to be loyal.
I judged them to have finished.
He judged time to be about noon.
b. 跟带形容词或名词的复合宾语:
He judges it safer to go away than to stay.
c. 跟从句
I judged that you had forgotten to come.
7.1)own v.
a.拥有,占有,是…的主人have, possess
Mr. North owns that company.
b.承认vt.
I own I was weak.
I own that I may have made mistakes.
2)adj. 自己的
I saw it with my own eyes.
They had given their lives to save children not their own.
3)n.属于自己的东西(人)
This house is my own.
I only borrow it , it is not my own.
*of one’s own 自己的
I wish I had a little lab of my own.
I want a book of my own.
*on one’s own
a.(作状语)独自,靠自己的力量
He got the job on his own.
You came to London on your own?
b.(作表语)靠自己(生活),独自一人
He likes to be on his own.
8.employ
9.namely adv. 那就是,这就是说 that is,
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
Only one boy was absent, namely Harry.
There are three colors in the British flag, namely red, white and blue.
10.approach .
1) 走进,接近,快到
A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood.
As people approach old age their energy may diminish.
As winter approached the weather became colder.
The time is approaching when we must leave.
Text:
1.
篇20：人教版新高二Unit4单元语言点(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
A garden of poems
New words:
1. intention n. 意图，意向，打算，本来的想法（不可数，或用复数形式）
1)have (no) intention of doing sth.打(不)算做某事
I’ve got no intention of changing my mind.
2)It is one’s intention to do sth.
It was my intention to have stopped there.
It wasn’t my intention to make you miss your train. 我不是故意让你误了火车.
3)He is full of intentions but can do nothing to help you. 他满心好意,但什么忙也帮不了你.
v.1)to plan, mean to do打算,想要,计划
intend to do
that
I intended to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time.
I intended to report to the police.
2)to mean to be意指,意思是,原意
The flowers were intended for you, but my mother thought they were for her.
It was intended to be cooked slowly.那本来是要慢慢煮的.
2. mad adj. 1)crazy, ill in mind
go mad
--What’s up? --She has gone mad.
2)angry( informal ) 生气的,发怒的,气得要命
be(get) mad at / with
I got mad at him for being late.
Mother gets mad with me for coming home late.
3)狂热的,疯狂的
be mad about
He is mad about football.
4)be mad with …得不得了
She was mad with hunger.
She was mad with pain.
5)drive sb. mad使某人非常生气annoy sb. very much
like mad = very hard拼命地
I ran like mad to catch the train.
3. have a dialogue
make / create a dialogue
4. absence n.
1) 缺席,不在[u]in one’s absence, 一次缺席或不在[c]
During his absence from Guangzhou his co-workers did a lot of work.
I shall take your place in your absence.
He acted as chairman in my absence.
2)没有,不存在
Darkness is the absence of light.
In the absence of these conditions, it won’t work well.没有这些条件,它的效果不会好.
absence of mind心不在焉
adj. absent
be absent from
He was absent from the meeting.
Why were your absent from school?
5.introduction
instruction
6.apart adv.
1) 相距,相隔
Their houses are two miles apart.
The two brothers were farther apart than ever in their ideas.
2)(分)开,离开
During that time they were never apart.
Let’s keep the two things apart.
3) apart from
a. 除…之外 (=besides)
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
Apart from that, he had no private income.
Apart from the cost. it will take a lot of time.
b. 只是…（否则），除掉（=except for）
Apart from that, all goes well.
*tell / know apart区分开
Text:
1. whether …or…
Whether用法
1)引起宾语从句:是不是,是否(可与if替换)
I don’t know whether/ if you like it.
Ask him whether/ if he can come.
2)如从句提前,只能用whether
This is certainly the case but whether it is a fault or not I don’t know.
3)作介词宾语(不用if)
It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4)引起从句作主语,表语,同位语
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
It was uncertain whether he could come.
The first question was whether he had arrived yet.
The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
5)接不定式(不能用if)
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
He wondered whether to come or not.
6)(引起状语从句) 不管…是否, 不管… 还是
I’ll do it whether you like it or not.
Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same.
eg.---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. --- Good, and ___ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. A. whether B. whenever C. whatever D. no matter
2. get through –pass though通过
We managed to get through the forest with their help.
They succeeded in getting the bill through.
I couldn’t get through to you yesterday. The line was busy.
I ‘ve got through the book in one evening.
3. call up
1)telephone sb./ring up
Please call me up tomorrow.
2)(使)回想起
The letter calls up the days when we worked together in the countryside.
The picture called up memories of our class trip.
4. stand out突出,引人注意
David stands out as a computer program designer. David是个出众的计算机编程员.
In this list two names stand out particularly.在这个名单中有两个名字很显眼.
5. when you have read some Chinese poems, you’ll have seen and heard…
will/ shall have done
By the end of this month, we’ll have finished the work.
We’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
eg.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ___ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed
6.follow vt.i1）跟着，跟随,沿着
follow sb. into sp. 跟随某人去某处
不能说follow sb. to do sth.
I followed her to go to the office. ×
I followed her into the office.
2) 接着…发生
May follows April. 四月之后是五月.
3)领会，懂understand, grasp one’s meaning
I don’t quite follow you.
4)as follows是as it follows省略. 如下
The person who were late this morning are as follows.
follow one’s advice/ orders/ instructions
follow one’s example=follow the example of
following adj.
the following day
7.1) remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事,使某人想起
The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.
变被动只能把sb. 提前
We reminded him of the agreement.
He was reminded of the agreement.
不能说:the agreement was reminded him (of).
2) remind sb. of doing使某人想起做过某事
Henry reminded me of my seeing the film.
3)remind sb to do sth. 提醒某人要做某事
Please remind me to post the letter.
I wish you had reminded me to telephone her.
4) remind sb. that不可直接接that
We reminded him that the meeting had been put off.
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.
8.lead to
1)导致,产生=result in
Eating too much sugar can lead to/result in health problems.
result in & result from
Careless driving result in the accident.
The accident resulted from careless driving.
9. comparison
1) n. 比较 [c,u]
make a comparison
The traveler made a comparison between Beijing and Xi an.
That’s a good dictionary, but won’t (can’t) stand comparison with this.
2)in comparison with和…比起来
I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.
3) vt. vi
compare …with和…相比,
compare … to 把…比作,说…像
How does your new house with your old one?
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
He compared the heart to a pump.
4)compared to (with) 和…比起来(相比) (作状语)
Compared to/ with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.
Comparing ×
5) compare notes交换意见
Mother and Mrs Brown likes to compare notes about cooking.
10.more and more
11. no matter wh- “不管,无论” 在句中作让步状语从句,可同wh- ever替换
No matter when/ whenever you leave the room, don’t forget to turn off the gas.
No matter who/ whoever told you about some news, you can’t make any comment on it before you check it up.
名词性从句只能用wh-ever
Wherever you go makes no difference.
She’ll do whatever she can.
eg.1. ___, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
eg.2.You can eat in my restaurant ___ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
★ 第二单元教材教法分析：意象、意境(高二选修) 教案教学设计
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