高二下学期11到18单元重点词组的句子翻译(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)（共20篇）由网友“无敌COol”投稿提供，下面是小编给大家带来高二下学期11到18单元重点词组的句子翻译(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)，一起来阅读吧，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：高二下学期11到18单元重点词组的句子翻译(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
：(每空1分) 、6
1. 她以前从没到过这么大的地方。
She had never ______ ______ in a place as grand as this before.
2. 他靠教书为生。
He _____ _____ _____ by teaching.
3. 他当飞行员的梦想实现了。
His dream of being a pilot has _____ _____.
4．你真的要提出这种观点吗？
Are you serious in ________ ________ such a view?
5. 我们一定要靠自己的努力。
We must ________ ________ our own ________.
6. 老师的言行对学生有很大的影响。
Teachers’ words and deeds _______ a great _______ ______ their students.
7. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
This misprint ______ ______ great confusion.
8. 很可能他会成功。
It ______ highly _______ that he will succeed.
9. 现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。
The modern scientific development has ________ ________ ______ this question.
10. 这个理论被证明是错误的。
This theory _______ ______ ______ ______ wrong.
11. 这些学生的年龄自7岁到14岁不等。
The pupils’ ages ________ ________ seven to fourteen.
12. 当我见到他的时候他全神贯注于书本。
He _______ ________ ______ the book when I saw him.
13. 他在课堂上充分利用了多媒体。
He ______ ________ ______ multimedia in the class.
14. 那小女孩对温度很敏感。
The little girl is very _________ ________ temperature.
15. 成功是靠努力获得的。
Success is _________ _______ hard work.
16. 他违反了法律，所以被关进了监牢。
He broke the law, and therefore was ______ ______ ________.
17. 在这个国家经常举行反对种族歧视的非暴力的示威游行。
In this country, there are many nonviolent demonstrations against _______ ________.
18. 谢谢你提醒我和琼斯会面。
Thank you for _________ me _______ meeting with Joens.
19. 她厌倦了给家人做饭。
She _______ _______ ______ cooking for her family.
20. 看花展是件赏心悦目的事。
The flower exhibition was a ________ _______ _______ _________.
21. 我保证付清他的债务。
I _________ ________ pay off his debt.
班别______ 姓名_________ 学号_______ 成绩________
22. 时间还早，你不需要着急。
Time is enough. ________ ______ ______ _______ for you to hurry.
23．他们设宴招待代表团。
They gave a banquet _____ ______ _____ the delegation.
24. 昨天晚上他怎么也睡不着。
He tried _______ _______ to sleep last night.
25. 他已完全康复。
He has completely ________ _______ his illness.
26. 她要求在她的房间里要安静。
She ______ ______ quietness in her room.
27. 这些动物已经绝种。
These animals have already _______ _______.
28. 我们该如何处理这个问题呢？
How shall we _______ _______ the problem?
29. 为了实现梦想，他们日日夜夜工作。
In order to _______ _______ _______, they worked day and night.
30. 你得花点时间来适应新环境。
It will take you some time to _______ _______ the new surroundings.
31. 昨天我把我的午餐跟他一起分享。
I _______ my lunch _______ him yesterday.
32. 老师在教学中起重要作用。
The teacher _______ _______ important _______ in teaching.
33. 不管你怎么读，这个句子都讲不通。
No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn’t ______ (any) _______.
34. 他说话时的样子，好象他已经知道那个秘密了。
He talks _____ _____ he had known the secrete.
35. 这种人不好对付。
Such people are difficult to ______ ______.
36. 我们必须考虑到公交车会晚点，它一向如此。
We must _______ ______ the bus being late-it always is.
37. 改掉习惯是很困难的。
It is difficult to _______ _______ _______ a habit.
38. 吸烟者很清楚吸烟会对他们自身的健康造成种种危害。
Smokers ______ well ______ ______ the dangers to their own health.
39. 科学家们会想出增加世界食品供应的新方法的。
Scientists will _____ ____ ______ new ways of increasing the world’s food supply.
40. 医生们说抽烟与肺癌有关系。
Doctors say there is a ________ ________ smoking and lung cancer.
Suggested answers:
1. set foot 2. makes a living / earns his living 3. come true 4. putting forward
5. rely on, efforts 6. have, effect on 7. led to 8. is likely 9. thrown light on/upon
10. turned out to be 11. range from 12. was absorbed in 13. took advantage of
14. sensitive to 15. achieved by 16. put into prison 17. racial discrimination
18. reminding of 19. got tired of 20. feast for the eyes 21. guarantee to
22. There is no need 23. in honour/honor of 24. in vain 25. recovered from
26. insists on 27. died out 28. heal with 29. realize their dreams 30. adjust to
31. shared with 32. plays an... role 33. make sense 34. as if 35. deal with
36. allow for 37. break away from 38. are aware of 39. come up with
40. connection between
Suggested answers:
1. set foot 2. makes a living / earns his living 3. come true 4. putting forward
5. rely on, efforts 6. have, effect on 7. led to 8. is likely 9. thrown light on/upon
10. turned out to be 11. range from 12. was absorbed in 13. took advantage of
14. sensitive to 15. achieved by 16. put into prison 17. racial discrimination
18. reminding of 19. got tired of 20. feast for the eyes 21. guarantee to
22. There is no need 23. in honour/honor of 24. in vain 25. recovered from
26. insists on 27. died out 28. heal with 29. realize their dreams 30. adjust to
31. shared with 32. plays an... role 33. make sense 34. as if 35. deal with
36. allow for 37. break away from 38. are aware of 39. come up with
40. connection between
篇2：高二18单元教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
I．单元教学目标
技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about inventions
Practice describing inventions
Review the Attributive Clause
Write a process essay
II. 目标语言
功能句式
Ways of describing inventions
This invention can help people…
This is a new way of…
This new invention will make it possible for people to…
I think… is much more useful than…
It can make / help people…
I’d like to invent… because it can…
I’d like to invent… which can…
If people can create…
I suppose…
It must be very convenient if people could invent…
I dreamed I could invent…
Ways of asking questions about new inventions
What does it look like?
How does it work?
What’s it made of?
How would people use it?
Is there anything you would like to invent?
词汇
1. 四会词汇
vest, heel, patent, officer, petrol, background, reject, possibility, otherwise, connection, previous, aware, trial, rider, dusty, pilot, storage, glue, typewriter
2. 认读词汇
edible, flavour, laptop, inflatable, creative, rephrase, partial, perception, visible, Mozart, relativity, Samuel Morse, desktop, palmtop, Mona Lisa, Charles Chaplin, John Denver, Isaac Newton, Abraham Lincoln, Eve, Helen Keller, metaphor, paste, electronics, Eniac
3. 词组
allow for, get stuck, break away from, be aware of, trial and error, after all, keep track of
4. 重点词汇
vest, office, background, reject, possibility, otherwise, aware, allow for, get stuck, break away from, be aware of, after all, keep track of
语法
Review the Attributive Clause
1. a car that / which uses water instead of petrol
2. thinkers who have changed the world
3. a chip that / which makes it possible for us to see the future
4. a smart pen that / which automatically translates what we write into a foreign language
重点句子
1. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly. P57
2. Creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high IQ or being smart. P59
3. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not pro vide a complete answer,
we may get stusk.. P59
4. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several
false starts. Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and makes it
easier to discover new possibilities. P59
The 1st period Speaking
Step 1 Warming up
Give the students introductions of the three inventions from the textbook.
Step 2 Pre-speaking
Of all the 4 inventions, which do you think would be useful, why?
Use the following patterns to guide them:
I think… this invention can help people….
I think… is much more useful then …which we use now.
Some possible expressions:
I’d like to invent a ….
It can help people….
It must be very convenient if people could invent….
I dreamed I could invent….
Step 3 Speaking
Let the students read the passage and make them understand what they should do. To explain how the invention works and why it is useful.
Ask 5 groups to act their dialogue out in front of class.
Step 4 Summary
Ways of describing inventions:
This invention can help people …
This is a new way of…
This new invention will make it possible for people to…
I think … is much more useful than…
I can help/ make people…
I’d like to invent… because it can ,,,,
I’d like to invent… which can….
If people can create… I suppose…
It must be very convenient if people could invent…
I dreamed I could invent…
Ways of asking questions about new inventions:
What does it look like?
How does it work?
What’s it made of?
How would people use it?
Is there anything you would like to invent?
Step 4 Homework
1. Talking at p131
2. Write a short passage with the title “My ideal new invention”.
The 2nd Period Listening
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework, asking the students to come to the front to read out his or her essay outindividually.
Step 2 Listening
Dialogue 1& 2 on p58
Students are asked to read fast the questions and then listen to the tape twice to answer the questions.
Step 3 Discussion:
Think of some examples of new inventions that people were afraid of or can’t accept at first.
Step 4 Homework.
Listening (wb P130)
Preview the reading.
The 3rd Period Reading
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework and then ask if they have some ideas of inventing some useful things to improve our life.
Step 2 Pre-reading
Do the ex on p59
Step 3 while-reading
Main idea of each para:
Para 1. By thinking about the way we think and practicing good thinking strategies, we can become more creative.
Para 2. To “ think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.
Para 3. Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of a change in perception.
Para 4. Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know.
Para 5. Good ideas are the result of a long process of trial and error.
Step 4 Language focuses:
Deal with some language points if possible:
Trial-try
Application-apply
Produce-production
Inspiration-inspire
Fail-failure
Deep-depth
Possible-possibility
Connect-connection
Awareness-aware
Step 5 Post-reading:
Listen to the tape and then finish the post-reading Ex on p60.
Step 4 Homework
Find out some sentences with the Attributive Clause.
Preparations: Language Study on p 61.
The 4th Period Grammar
Step 1 Revision
Dictate some phrases and sentences:
Be tired of, break away from, allow for, get stuck
Partial solutions, and even failures, give us more information and clues that help us move forwards a better solution.
By looking at a problem in as many as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible.
Step 2 Grammar
Do some exercises about the Attributive Clause:
Step 3 Practice:
Finish the exercises on P61, checking the answers orally.
Step 4 Homework
Ex 2&3 on p133
Go over the reading on p133
The 5th Period Extensive reading
Step 1
Check the homework (Ex2&3 on p133)
Step 2 Listening and Fast reading
Play the tape and ask students to listen to the tape and complete the following chart:
Invention Possible uses
Invisible paint 1.________; 2.________
Step 3 Intensive reading
Read for the second time, and then answer the questions:
Then deal with some language points if necessary.
Step 6 Homework
Review what we’ve learned in this period and preview the Reading and Writing on p62.
The 6th Period Writing
Step 1 revision
Step 2 Pre-writing
Ask the students to read the text All in the Mind: Scientific Metaphors? And then finish the chart on the below.
Step 3 Writing
Try to write an essay using the information given on P64.
Read some sample essays and give comments on them.
Step 4 Homework
To summarize what we’ve learnt in this unit.
Read the Strategies given on P64 to see if you can use these tips to improve your English-learning.
篇3：高二11单元教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Scientific Achievements
Tasks which should be achieved in this unit:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of science and scientific achievements;
b. Learn to express intentions and wishes:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
likely, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, locate, luggage, boom, announce.
d. Useful expressions:
in store, in the late 1990s, grasp the opportunity, hear about, set foot, have a positive effect on…, as well as, rely on, deal with, come to life, put forward, make many breakthroughts, map out.
e. Grammar:
word formation (1)
compounds:
Nouns:
n+n : classroom, newspaper, workshop, bookcase, bookworm
adj+n: blackboard; highway, greenhouse
v+n: pickpocket; chopstick
adv+n: overcoat; outhouse;
n+prep+n: son-in-law; father-in-law
-ing+n: reading-room; dining-hall; sleeping-car
v+adv: get-together; breakthrough(突破)
pron+n: he-goat; she-wolf
Adjectives:
N+adj: snowwhite; worldwide; manlike;
Adj+adj: red-hot; darkblue
Adv+adj: evergreen
N+PP/-ing: man-made; snow-covered; English-speaking; peace-loving
Adj+PP/-ing: good-looking; easy-going; ready-made; new-born
Adv+PP/-ing: hardworking; farseeing; well-written; well-known;wide-spread
Adj+n: barefoot; new-type
Num+n: second-hand; five-year; 100-meter
Num+n+adj: five-year-old; three-inch-wide
Num/Noun/dj+n-ed: four-footed; three-legged; iron-hearted; cold-blooded; warm-hearted
Verbs:
Adv/n/adj+verbs: overcome; overflow; upset; underline; sunbathe; sleepwalk; whitewash; blacklist(列入黑名单)
Adverbs:
N+n: sideway
N+adv: head-on
Adj+n: meanwhile; meantime
Prep+n: beforehand (事先)
Teaching procedure:
Period 1.
Contents: Warming up & reading comprehension
Step 1.Warming up
Aim: Make students familiar with some words and expressions on the topic.
1. Brainstorming:
Find as many words as the students can find about Scientific achievements using some pictures as hinders:
Electricity; cars; aeroplanes; The Internet; Cloning; The Theory of Gravity; Nuclear science; solar energy; gene technology
2. Discussing the questions on P1 and then the questions:
How do they improve our daily life? How do they change our society?
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. Show some pictures of Zhongguancun.
2. group work:
if you want to do research or start a hi-tech company, what preparations you should make?
Step 3. While-reading
1. Scanning: Ss read quickly and answer the following question:
What is the passage mainly about?
2. Ss read and get the main ideas of each paragraph. Make an outline if possible.
Step 4. After-reading
Finish the post-reading Ex on P4.
Step 5. Assignment
1. surf the internet and get more information about the topic.
2. if you are asked to introduce Zhongguancun to oversea Chinese students, what must be included in your speech? Just think over and prepare an outline.
Period 2.
Contents: difficulties in the passage.
Step 1. Warming up
Ask some Ss to present their outlines.
Step 2. Learning about the language:
Play the tape for students to follow.
Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.
1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
Whatever = no matter how 引导让步状语从句。
Whatever还可引导名词性从句， 意为“所。。。的一切事情”。例如：
He always keep calm whatever happens.
It is unwise to give a child what ever he or she wants.
In store 意思是“就要到来，必将发生”；这个介词短语还有“储备着”的意思。
Be likely “有可能的”
He is likely to finish the work on time.
It is likely that he she will finish the work on time.
2. it was wonderful, like a dream come true.
Like 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，与as，as if 相似。
Like I said just now, I won’t do that foolish things.
3. One of the mottos for the park – “Rely on science, technology and knowledge to increase economic power”-makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.
rely on/upon “依赖，依靠”
You must rely on our own effort to do it.
3. Not all the new company can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they present are more important than money.
Step 3. Practice
Ss finish on page 5 by themselves and then check the answers.
Step 4. Assignment
1. Learn the useful expressions by heart.
2. Finish Ex1 –3 on page 82-83 on WB
3. read the whole passage aloud.
Period 3.
Contents: Grammar; talking and speaking
Step 1. Revision
Check the answers of Ex 1 -- 3 on page 82 and 83.
Step 2. Word formations
1. introduce the main ways of word formation: (the following may be of help during your teaching)
The main Processes of English Word-formation:
a. Prefixation: disagree, unimportant, non-smoker, minibus, overuse, antibiotics, underdeveloped, post-war, pre-school, renew, bimonthly, multi-racial;
b. Suffixation: percentage, girlhood, Londoner, hostess, employee, puzzlement, hopeless, changeable, talkative, deepen;
c. Conversion: desire-v. to long for, to wish/ n. strong longing, earnest wish; hit-v, to give a blow/ n. blow; They downed the tools.
d. Compounding: deadline, above-mentioned, chewing-gum, sun-bather, table talk, fathead, redcap, easygoing, sleep-walk,
The minor processes of English word-formation:
a. clipping or shortening: phone (for telephone), ad (for advertisement), prof (for professor), flu (for influenza), pub (for public house);
b. Acronyms(首字母缩略词): UN, VIP, NATO,DA (Doctor of Arts) , H-bomb (Hydrogen bomb);
c. lending: branch, motel, Eurasia,
d. Back-formation: to beg from beggar, to baby-sit from baby-sitter, to greed from greedy.
f. Forming new words by analogy:
Moonrise is derived from the word sunrise by analogy.
e. Onomatopoeia:
Bark, giggle, bang, murmur.
2. Ss study examples on p6 and see if they can tell the processes of the words.
3. More exercises to consolidate the Grammar.
EX1-4 on p6 & ex1-5 on page 83-84 of WB.
Step 3. Talking
1. Ss four in one group and have a discussion about the topics on page 7.
2. Ss make notes during the discussion, and try to report the topic to the whole class.
Step 4. Speaking
Ss work in pairs and discuss their intentions and wishes..
The following structures are helpful to students:
1. My plan is to…….
2. I hope that…..
3. I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…..
4. I’d like to,,,,
5. I’m thinking of ….
6. It is likely that…
Step 5. Assignment
Writing on page 86.
Period 4.
Contents: Integrating skills:
Step 1. Warming up
Ask Ss some questions about great achievements in science and technology.
Step 2. Reading
1. Ss read the passage :
2. Help Ss to understand the passage entirely.
Step 3. Writing
Finish the writing task on p 8.
You can give Ss some strategies for writing a short essay, or give them an outline if necessary.
(The following material may ease your work.)
Internet ---- the greatest achievement of this century
Argument 1: Internet changes our daily life.
Details: a. make communication easier.
b. change our ways of shopping.
c. get to know outside world more quickly.
Argument 2: Internet make our work easier.
Details: a/b/c
Argument 3: Internet accelerate the development of science and technology.
Details : a/b/c
Period 5.
(Listening)
Step 1. Listening
1. Ss finish the listening task on page 2.
2. Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers.
Step 2. dealing with the Ex 1-4 on p 95 of Workbook.
Step 3. Listening skills
Give the students some tips on how to improve listening while checking the Ex.
a . make notes while listening;
b. grasp the most important information
Step 4. Finish the Listening Ex on p81.
Period 6.
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Zhongguancun Science Park is China's biggest science park with a high concentration of scientific and technological institutions and intellectual resources. Located in this area are 39 institutions of higher learning represented by Beijing University and Tsinghua University. There are 213 research institutions as exemplified by the institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and 37% of the academicians of both the CAS and CAE are living and working in this area. Each year, thousands of sophisticated research discoveries emerge in this area and pour out to all places throughout China. Many state-level laboratories and important engineering and technology centers are concentrated in this area too. Zhongguancun Science Park is the largest software development and production center in China.
Zhongguancun Science Park in fact is composed of five science zones like Haidian Zone, Fengtai Zone, Changping Zone, the Electronic City Zone and Yizhuang Zone. Some ten thousand new and hi-tech enterprises, such as Legend, Stone, Founder, Zhongguancun Science and Technology, Tsinghua Tongfang, Netease, are all doing their business at Zhongguancun. In addition, there are some 1500 R&D centers and hi-tech companies set up by or invested by renowned overseas transnational companies like IBM, Microsoft, Mitsubishi in this area as well as 40 overseas listed companies. At present Zhongguancun has become the most important growth point in the economic development of the capital which makes a contribution of 60% of the total industrial growth of the city. The business income generated from the industry, trade and technology of Zhongguancun Science Park in accounted for 18% of the total income of all the 53 national new and hi-tech parks.
In June , the State Council of China officially approved the “Note of Request to Expedite the Building of Zhongguancun Science Park for the Purpose of Implementing the Strategy of Rejuvenating the Country through Science and Education” by the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology and instructed the Beijing Municipal Government and the Ministry of Science and Technology to speed up the construction process of Zhongguancun Science Park in order to build it into a comprehensive reform trial base for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the two essential changes, a model base of international technical innovation with competitiveness, an incubator and radiating center for its scientific and technological achievements with its footing in the capital city of Beijing but facing the whole country and a base for training innovators and a first-class science park in the world. This is the most important trans-century decision made by the central government after its decisions of establishing the Shenzhen Special Zone in 1980s and opening up Shanghai's Pudong area in 1990s.
Beijing People's Municipal Government promulgated “Regulations of the Zhongguancun Science Park” on January 1, 2001, which provides the legal basis and guideline for its future development. The Park is now moving on at vigorous strides in promoting technology innovation in accordance with the principle of “Bold innovation in the areas not banned by the law” with the ambition of achieving great changes every year and make the Park a first-rate science park in the world within 10 years.
Zhongguancun is indeed a place full of opportunities and challenges as well as bright hopes. All domestic and overseas companies and individuals are welcome to Zhongguancun for business development.
Period 7.
Teachers can use this period freely.
Suggestion : Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish Assessing on page 87. It is very important to improve their learning and let them have a sense of achieving gradually.
篇4：高二（下）各单元词组(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
1. have sth. in common 2. a manned spaceship
3. in store 4. It is likely that…
5. be set up 6. the late 1990s
7. get started 8. make… a success
9. a growing number of… 10. master’s degree
11. come true 12. set foot in
13. run a company 14. together with
15. have an positive effect on 16. as well as
17. rely on 18. come to life
19. be filled with 20. The success is no accident.
21. put forward 22. make many breakthroughs
23. highly successful 24. aim at
25. over the past twenty years 26. It seems to be love at first..
27. deadly disease
Unit 12
1. make a living 2. applied science
3. the latest idea 4. remind sb. of…
5. lay the foundation of… 6. be considered impossible
7. at the beginning of… 8. It is believed that…
9. set out to do 10. in their efforts to survive
11. turn out to be… 12. on board
13. from that day on 14. be dressed in
15. find themselves surrounded
16. ever since 17. in the end
18. contrary to 19. in public
20. the search of 21. dream of
22. throw light upon 23. at the age of
24. at university 25. attract one’s attention
26. nothing else but… 27. It was… that… (强调句)
28. eight feet in height = eight feet high
29. slow down 30. cup up
31. light the flame of… 32. burn out
Unit 13
1. come up with 2. get started
3. benefit from 4. range from… to…
5. all the way up 6. be made up of
7. … that is… 8. break down
9. become/be available to… 10. mix with
11. even through 12. be measured in…
13. take advantage of… 14. give off
15. be sensitive to 16. add… to…
17. make life possible 18. depend on
19. It sounds as if 20. do sth. bad to sb.
21. play a trick on sb . 22. call in
23. turn out (to be) better 24. have fun
25. a variety of… 26. contribute to
Unit 14
1. give a speech 2. be put in prison
3. join hands 4. in the 1840s
5. be active in 6. as a result of
7. thousands of 8. make him famous
9. all over the world 10. mixed-race marriages
11. have no right to do 12. fight for / against
13. set an example to 14. Born in…, King went to…
15. achieve one’s goal 16. refuse to do
17. take the bus 18. separate…from…
19. It was… that… (强调句) 20. the following year
21. become law 22. from then on
23. of all times 24. struggle for
25. believe in 26. start with
27. go to university 28. ask for sth.
29. in modern times 30. have sth. in common
31. regardless of 32. come up with
33. at first sight
Unit 15
1. see fit 2. look into
3. every now and then 4. get the itch to do
5. spend… on… 6. feel the urge to do
7. stretch itself lazily along… 8. give sb. a glimpse of
9. next to 10. remind sb. that…
11. get tired of 12. cool off
13. be located in 14. breath-taking scenery
15. a wide variety of… 16. go on a trip
17. a far-away destination 18 find out
19. be a lot of fun 20. prefer to do
21. credit card 22. avoid doing
23. make a list 24. seasoned travel
25. travel light
Unit 16
1. ever since 2. deal with
3. be driven off 4. run deep
5. far behind 6. grow up
7. Despite… (名词) / Although… (句子)
8. lead sb. to do 9. take away
10. aim at 11. a series of
12. in the 1960s 13. in honor of
14. in vain 15. seem to do
16. be proud of 17. cultural diversity
18. be determined to do 19. be known for
20. once again 21. take the chance to…
22. disagree with sb. 23. look up
24. as a result 25. wok on
26. go on sale 27. live by
28. used to do 29. exist in huge numbers
30. grow to… 31. be forced to do
32. make agreements 33. be thought to…
34. die out 35. in turn
36. have an effect on 37. end up with
38. make use of
Unit 17
1. overcome difficulties 2. as if
3. win an award 4. Class is over.
5. get/move around 6. everyday things
7. get dressed 8. live a rich life
9. make a contribution to… 10. reach one’s goal
11. play a valuable role 12. realize one’s dream
13. live a meaningful and productive life
14. visually impaired 15. live with
16. accept them as they are 17. get used to
18. while… (虽然) 19. be gifted in
20. every four years 21. mentally disabled
22. take part in 23. It seems as if…
24. Be the best you can be. 25. fail to do
26. participate in 27. gain self-confidence
28. since then 29. at times
30. keep a positive attitude
Unit 18
1. environmentally friendly 2. be tired of
3. have sth. done 4. think of
5. throughout the history 6. come up with
7. It seems that… 8. highly valued skill
9. a matter of 10. allow for
11. get stuck 12. break away from
13. take another look at it 14. as with…
15. a series of… 16. make connections
17. be connected to… 18. be aware of…
19. keep trying 20. trail and error
21. Good ideas are no accident. 22. a great many
23. force sb. to do 24. all in the mind
25. part of our everyday life 26. We are said to do
27. do with 28. be similar to
29. A computer does keep information…
30. be different from 31. after all
32. allow sb. to do 33. not just…but
34. think about 35. now that
36. at such a high pace 37. make mistakes
38. try doing （试一试） 39. make up
40. keep track of…
Unit 19
1. take place 2. make a decision
3. give up 4. have mercy on sb.
5. promise to do 6. It’s useless doing
7. hope for sth. 8. be seated
9. a most troublesome case = a very troublesome case
10. be accused of 11. a consequence of…
12. ask for 13. do right / wrong
14. according to 15. cut off
16. tear up 17. swear to heave to do
18. do the deed 19. be in love with
20. at seat 21. at present
22. pay back 23. sign the agreement
24. so wise a head = such a wise head
25. at the mercy of 26. go down on one’s knees
27. (be) worthy of
Unit 20
1. be curious about 2. date back to
3. be dressed (in) 4. It was / is… that… (强调句)
5. a variety of 6. tend to do
7. on average 8. It’s not yet known…
9. be linked to 10. have a hand in…
11. in terms of 12. It is thought / believed that…
13. armed conflict 14. It has been proved that…
15. in the eyes of… 16. since then
17. as well as 18. a large quantity of…
19. serve as 20. in ancient times
21. look very much like 22. remind sb. of …
23. because of 24. have links with
25. dig up 26. be filled with
27. belong to 28. cover an area of…
篇5：高二11单元教案 (人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
Unit 11 Scientific achievements
I． 单元教学目标
技能目标Goals
▲ Talk about science and scientific achievement
▲ Practise expressing intentions and wishes
▲ Learn about Word Formation (1)
▲ Write a persuasion essay
II． 目标语言
功
能
句
式 1．Talk about science and scientists
2. Practise expressing intentions and wishes
If I got the money, I would……
My plan is to…….
I hope that…….
I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I’d like to……
I’m thinking of……
词 汇 1. 四会词汇
Engineering, solar, significant, mankind, constitution, likely, zone, private, grasp, master, perfect , arrange, rely, failure, locate, valley, brand, luggage, achieve, organ, boom, breakthrough, agency, announce, evolution, supercomputer
2. 认读词汇
Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, eureka, economic, hi-tech, technological, overseas, IT, Lenovo, Founder, silicon, Nokia, Motorola, rejuvenate, impressive, genome, element, byte, humanoid
3. 词组
set foot (in), rely on, put forward,
4．重点词汇
significant, likely, private, grasp, master, perfect , arrange, rely, failure, locate, achieve,
breakthrough, announce
结构 Word formation
重
点
句
子 1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
2. Not all the new companies can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money.
III． 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
通过学习了解人类的科学成就，帮助学生认识到这些成就深刻地改变了人类生产和生活的方式及质量，同时也深刻地改变了人类的思维观念和对世界的认识，改变并继续改变着世界的面貌，极大地推动了社会的发展。激发学生学科学，爱科学，把科学知识转化成科技成果，报效祖国, 为祖国的繁荣富强贡献自己的力量。
1.1 WARMING UP 通过讨论一些科学成就，帮助学生认识到这些成就怎样改变了我们生存的世界，对我们又将有什么样的影响以及所有科学成就的共同之处是什么。
1.2 LISTENING是一些科学发明的具体事例。
1.3 SPEAKING是一个任务型教学活动。提供了4种科研项目，让4位同学做为代表发言，通过介绍和辩论，说明自己的项目最重要，从而学会表达自己的意图和希望。
1.4 PRE-READING是开放性问题，要求学生开动脑筋，勤于思考，小组讨论找出问题答案。
1.5 READING是关于中关村科技园的介绍。通过学习了解中关村的发展，激发学生的民族自豪感。教育学生要以振兴民族产业为己任，为改变中国这个拥有13亿人口的大国的科技面貌产业，为由“中国制造”向“中国创造”迈进而努力学习。
1.6 POST-READING第一个题是5个选择题，目的是训练学生的事实核对能力；第二题是开放性问题比较中关村-中国的硅谷和美国硅谷的异同，此题可以很好的培养学生自主学习的习惯，还可以训练学生的概括能力，训练学生开放性思维，要求学生学会多角度的去思考问题，更能开阔学生的思路，丰富学生的视野。
1.7 LANGUAGE STUDY 分词汇和语法两部分。其中，Word study 是一个英语释义练习，旨在培养学生的英语思维能力，有助于养成英语思维的习惯。Grammar构词法知识介绍。本单元的语法训练设计是从易到难，呈阶梯状，由构词法知识介绍到篇章中的猜词义连习，设计得非常科学，可操作性强。
1.8 INTEGRATING SKILLS中的Reading介绍了近十几年来中国在不同领域取得的一些重大成就。WRITING部分要求学生给《现代科学》（Modern Science）杂志写一篇关于最伟大科学成就的文章，说明原因并且解释为什么你认为它是最伟大的。
1.9 TIPS 介绍了怎样写persuasion essay。
2. 教材重组
2.1将GRAMMAR与WORKBOOK中的语法练习题整合在一起上一节“语法课”。
2.2把WARMING UP 作为SPEAKING的热身练习，将WARMING UP与SPEAKING整合在一起，通过谈论科学成就，讨论最重要的科学成就，练习表达自己的观点和愿望，上一节“口语课”。
2.3将LISTENING 和 WORKBOOK 的LISTENING 结合在一起，上一节“听力课”。
2.4把PRE-READING, READING 和POST-READING 放在一起上一节阅读课。
2.5 将INTEGRATING SKILLS 设计为一节“综合实践课（一）”。
2.6将WORKBOOK 的INTEGRATING SKILLS设计为一节“综合实践课（二）”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本单元可以用6课时教完）
1st Period Grammar
2nd Period Warming up, Speaking
3rd Period Listening
4th Period Reading
5th Period Integrating Skills (1)
6th Period Integrating Skills (2)
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言:
Learn the Grammar--- Word formation (I)
2. Ability goals能力目标: Study the ways of forming a word and enlarge students’ vocabulary.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标：Enable students to use context clues and what they know about word parts to guess the meaning of new words.
Teaching important points教学重点
The ways of forming a word.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to guess the meaning of a new word.
Teaching methods教学方法
Explaining and practising
Teaching aids教具准备
1. a projector 2. a computer
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Lead in
T: Good morning afternoon, class!
Ss: Good morning afternoon,Mr/Ms…
T: In this class, we are going to start Unit 11 Scientific achievements .Now pay attention to the two words. Will you please tell me how the two words are formed?
S1“Scientific”is the adjective form of” Science”.
S2:“Achievement “ is the noun form of “achieve”.
T: Observe them carefully; can you explain how they are formed?
S3:” Science” is a noun, if we add –fic to it, then we get its adjective.
S4: “achieve” is a verb. If we add –ment to it, we get its noun.
T: Excellent ! That is how the two words are formed. The basic part of any word is the root; to it, you can add a prefix at the beginning and/or a suffix at the end to change the meaning. For example, in the word “unflattering,” the root is simply “flatter,” while the prefix “un-” makes the word negative, and the suffix “-ing” changes it from a verb into an adjective (specifically, a participle).This is the grammar we are going to learn in this class.(Show Word Formation on the powerpoint.)
Step II Grammar
Ask students to observe the given words carefully and find out how words are formed.
T: How do learners improve their vocabulary? There are no super shortcuts to vocabulary, but there are various forms of support. Here is one example. Increasing your vocabulary is so important that you just can't forget about it. Don't bury your head in the sand. OK.. Please look at the following words and tell how they are formed. (Show the following words on the PowerPoint.)
affix
infix
prefix
suffix
Teacher explains the following.
T: What do these words (nouns) have in common?
Ss: All of them contain the root “fix”.
T: Well, they do have a number of things in common. Let's settle for the most obvious, the 'fix' at the end. So if we split them, this is what we get
af + fix
in + fix
pre + fix
suf + fix (These will be shown on the PowerPoint)
T: What does 'fix' mean?
Ss: Fix means attach to, fasten, stick, glue.
T: What about 'af' , 'in' , 'pre' , 'suf' ? in' and 'pre' are understandable, aren't they ?
'in' a room, 'in' a sentence, 'in' a word.
'pre' means before like in pre-war, pre-school, premature.
So what do infix and prefix actually mean? infix - to attach something inside (a word).prefix - to attach something at the beginning of (a word)
What about 'af' and 'suf'?
That's a bit more difficult to explain. 'af' is actually from the beginning the Latin word 'ad', and the meaning is the same as the English word add. Add 4 and 5 and you get 9.
'suf' is the Latin word 'sub', like in submarine, subway, suburb. The meaning is under, after (outside).
Why have the d in 'ad' and the b in 'sub' changed into f?
The reason is really quite simple. 'adfix' and 'subfix' are difficult to pronounce. There is economy in everything! You simply leave out the d and the b, but in order to mark their existence the words are spelt with an extra f .
So what do affix and suffix actually mean?
Ss: affix - to attach something to (a word)
suffix -to attach something at the end of (a word)
T: We have now fixed the fixes, haven't we? affix - something you add (stick) to a word
There are three kinds of affixes:
added inside the word - infix
added at the beginning of the word - prefix
added at the end of the word – suffix
Ss: What's this good for then?
T: Well, there are thousands of words with prefixes and suffixes. The infixes are fewer and less useful to you.
The English vocabulary basically consists of words of Latin and Germanic origin. There are prefixes in both groups.
If you know the basic meaning of a prefix or a suffix you can often 'guess' the meaning of an English word. There are a limited number of Latin prefixes and suffixes. If you learn the meaning of them, and learn to recognize them in English words, you will increase your vocabulary much faster.
Here are some of the most common Latin prefixes (for the meanings of the Latin roots, look up the words in a good dictionary): (Show the following on the PowerPoint.)
ab
(away) abstain, absent, absolve
ad
(to) adverb, advertisement, advance, adjoin
in /il-/im-/ir-
(not) incapable, indecisive, intolerable , illegal, impossible, irrugular
inter
(between, among) international, interaction interdependent, interprovincial
pre
(before) prerecorded, preface prefer
post
(after) postpone, postscript, postwar
sub
(under, not quite) subsoil, subscription, suspect ,subway, subnormal
trans
(across, to a changed state) transfer, transit, translate, transport ,transform
Step III Practice
T: Are you ready for some exercises? Open your books and look at Page6. Let’s do the exercises. Let’s do Exercise 1 first .How are these words formed? (Or show the following words on the PowerPoint).
international= inter-+national telephone= tele-+phone
mankind=man+kind broadband= broad+band
extremely=extreme+-ly manned= man+ -ed
hi-tech= high+technology email= electronic mail
IT= information technology CSA= Chinese Space Agency
S1:I think international and telephone are formed in the same way. We add prefix inter- to national and tele- to phone.
T: Good! What about the others?
S2: Mankind and broadband are formed in the same way. Each is made up of two words.
S3:Extremely and manned are formed by adding a suffix.
S4:Hi-tech is the shortened form of high technology and e-mail is the shortened form of electronic mail.
S5: IT stands for information technology. We use the first letters of the two words to form a new one .We use the first letters of Chinese Space Agency to form the word CSA.
T；Well done .So we know that words are formed in these ways. When you come across a new word, you can easily guess the meaning. Ok ,let’s come to Exercise2.
Deal with the rest of exercises in the same way.
Step IV Workbook
Step V WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
(If there isn’t enough time, please print it out and give the handouts to students as homework)
T: I’m very glad you’ve done the exercises quite well. Would you like to try some difficult ones?
Now look at the following exercises. You are given 8 minutes. Then we will check the answers together. If you have any difficulty, you may work with your partner or refer to a dictionary.
( Show the following exercises on the powerpoint.)
Use the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms.
EXERCISE # 1
This text was taken from “The Picture of Dorian Gray ” by Oscar Wilde
In the centre of the room, clamped to an upright easel, stood the full-length portrait of a young man of _____(ORDINARY) personal beauty, and in front of it, some little _____(DISTANT) away, was sitting the artist himself, Basil Hallward, whose sudden _____(APPEAR) some years ago caused, at the time, such public ______ (EXCITE), and gave rise to so many strange conjectures. As the painter looked at the ______ (GRACE) and comely form he had so _______
(SKILL) mirrored in his art, a smile of ______ (PLEASE) passed across his face, and seemed about to linger there. But he ______(SUDDEN) started up, and, closing his eyes, placed his fingers upon the lids, as though he sought to _______(PRISON) within his brain some curious dream from which he feared he might ______(WAKE).
EXERCISE # 2
This text was taken from “The Time Machine”, by H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells
`It is simply this. That Space, as our ______(MATHS) have it, is spoken of as having three dimensions, which one may call ______(LONG), Breadth, and _______(THICK), and is always definable by _______(REFER) to three planes, each at right angles to the others. But some philosophical people have been asking why THREE dimensions _______ (PARTICULAR) --why not another direction at right angles to the other three?--and have even tried to construct a Four-Dimension geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical Society only a month or so ago. You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions, we can represent a figure of a three-______ (DIMENSION) solid, and ______(SIMILAR) they think that by models of thee dimensions they could represent one of four--if they could master the _______(PERCEIVE) of the thing. See?'
Keys to EXERCISE # 1
Extraordinary, distance, disappearance, excitement, gracious, skillfully, pleasure, suddenly, imprison, awake
Keys to EXERCISE # 2
Mathematicians, Length, Thickness, reference, particularly, dimension, similarly, perspective
Eight minutes later check the answers.
Show the answers on the PowerPoint so that students can have a better understanding of word formation.
T: After doing theses exercises I’m sure you have a better understanding on word formation. I hope this will help you to improve your vocabulary. When you come across a new word, try to guess its meaning in this way. Good luck to you! Today’s homework Finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises on the workbook That’s all for today.
Step VI Homework: Finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises on the workbook. Learn vocabulary on scientific achievements.
The Second Period Warming up & Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language目标语言：
a. 重点词汇和短语
solar energy, breakthrough, organ
b. 交际用语
Practise expressing intentions and wishes.
If I got the money, I would……
My plan is to…….
I hope that…….
I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I’d like to……
I’m thinking of……
2. Ability goals能力目标: Enable students to talk about scientific achievements. Help them learn to express intentions and wishes.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标：Talk about great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Practise expressing intentions and wishes by talking about which scientific project is the most important .
Teaching important points教学重点
Talk about great scientific achievements. Learn the patterns used to express intentions and wishes.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to express intentions and wishes.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Group work Discussing (cooperative learning)
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework. Check the answers on the workbook with the whole class.
Ask some students to name some great achievements.
Step II Warming up
Show the photos of some great scientific achievements that have changed the world on the PowerPoint. Divide students into groups and ask them to discuss which one is the most important and what these achievements have in common. (The exercises in warming up on Page 1).Students may have different opinions. The most important thing is to encourage them to think and express their opinions.
T: Please look at these great achievements and work in groups and discuss the following questions. You may have different answers. But you will have to tell us your reasons. (Show the following questions on the PowerPoint.)
1. Among the great scientific achievements that have changed the world, which one do you think is the most important? Why?
2. What are some other scientific achievements that you think are important?
3. Do these achievements have anything in common? If so, what?
Five minutes later ask some students to speak out their opinion.
T: Ok. Please stop here. I’d like to listen to your opinions.
S1: I think electricity is the most important. The modern world cannot work without electricity. Electricity has changed our way of life. This summer in some areas there wasn’t enough electric power, so some factories had to close and people had lot of problems in life.
S2: In my opinion the most important is Radio and television. Radio and television have changed the way we look at the world.
S3: That’s true. But I still think the most important is solar energy. Because by using solar energy, we can save other energy resources. And what’s more we can protect our environment.
……
T: Good! Do these achievements have anything in common?
Ss: These great achievements have changed the world.
S8: And all these great achievements were made by westerners/ foreigners.
T: That’s true. My dear students please think thousands of years ago our ancestors made 4 great inventions that changed the world. We are proud of them. But among the recent 75 greatest achievements, none was achieved by us Chinese .So I hope you study hard and make great scientific achievements. I will be very proud of you. Every Chinese will be proud of you.
Step III Speaking
T: Ok. Suppose we are in the year of . You are scientists. You are working on different projects. All of you need money and want to get money to complete your project. You will introduce your project and explain why it is the most important. One member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions .At the end of the discussion, he or she must decide who will get the money and why .Now turn your books to Page 2, look at the Speaking part and work in groups of five .Please don’t forget the useful expressions. You are given five minutes to do it. Then I will ask some groups to act it out.
Show the useful expressions on the PowerPoint.
If I got the money, I would……
My plan is to…….
I hope that…….
I want/ wish/hope/intend/plan to……
I’d like to……
I’m thinking of……
Five minutes later, some students are asked to act it out
Sample of the speaking:
Official: I know all of you have your own reasons. Now I’d like each of you to state your reasons and answer my questions truthfully so that I can decide who will get the money.
Dr Wilson: Ok. I’ll speak first. Our team is working on a cure for AIDS. As everyone knows, this is an issue for everyone. AIDS as a disease is not affecting only minority groups - gay men, drug users and prostitutes. The latest figures from the World Health Authority and UNAIDS show that HIV infection is now the fastest-growing serious health condition in many countries around the globe, where women are particularly at risk of becoming HIV-positive. It's clearly no longer the 'minority' disease it once was. I hope to find a cure as soon as possible. So our research is extremely important.
Official: We’ve spent a lot of money on many programs which help people fight AIDS in poor countries.
Dr Wilson: That’s true. But our research is to find a cure for this deadly disease. If we got the money, we would do more experiments and find a solution sooner. Then we would save thousands of lives.
Official: OK. Let’s listen to what Dr Jones will say.
Dr Jones: Our research project is about cloning and how to use the new technology to cure disease. The main reason to clone plants or animals is to mass produce organisms with desired qualities. Other reasons for cloning include replacing lost family pets and repopulating endangered or even extinct species. And we are thinking of using the new technology to cure diseases.
Official: Could you give us an example?
Dr Jones: The number of pandas is becoming smaller and smaller. Even though the Chinese government has been trying hard to provide pandas a suitable environment, the number remains samll. If we find a way to clone pandas, they won’t die out. We can help to keep the balance of the world. So I think our group should get the money.
Official: Ok. I think it’s Dr Smith’s turn.
Dr Smith: Without water, man cannot live. Water is very important to us. But many areas are short of water. In some places, people cannot have enough drinking water. So I want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food in areas where there is very little water. This new technology would help us save the natural resource.
Official: How are your experiments going?
Dr Smith: The experiments are going as expected, but at present we are short of money. I need your support.
Official: Let’s listen to Dr Winfrey’s explanation about his project.
Dr Winfrey: Once the moon has been reached, Mars seems the next obvious destination. We are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. It would be very difficult for one country to carry out such a program. A mission to Mars would require funding.
Official: Neil Armstrong's “One giant step for mankind” defined a generation. The project is very interesting and I am not turning it down. I support it, and it should be further developed. The money goes to Dr Winfrey’s group. Congratulations!
Dr Winfrey: Thanks. You will be proud of us.
T: Well done. Many of you can express intensions and wishes very well. After class please practice these useful expressions more often.
Step IV Workbook
Step V Homework
Surf on the internet or use the library to find some information of Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson and more about scientific achievements in groups.
The Third Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language目标语言：
constitution, Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson, eureka
2.Aility goals 能力目标:
Introduce some great scientists and their achievements to students by doing some listening exercises.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标：
By listening to the introduction of some scientists and their achievements help students learn more about scientific achievements. Improve their listening ability by doing listening exercises.
Teaching important points教学重点
Listen to materials about some great scientists and their achievements.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to improve their listening ability
Teaching methods教学方法
Listening, speaking, discussing
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
Ask some students to express their intensions and wishes using the patterns learned in this unit.
Ask students to say more about scientific achievements.
Step II: Leading in
After students talk about some great scientific achievements, show the pictures of Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson. Ask students to say something about the three great men.
T:Do you know anything about Neil Armstrong？
S1: He is the first man to land on the moon.
T: Good! What about Alexander G Bell?
S2: He was the inventor of telephone.
S3: Ray Tomlinson invented e-mail.
T: Quite good! Now let’s listen to some materials about them and then finish the exercises on page 2.
Step III: Listening
Part 1
Play the tape for students to listen and give students several minutes to finish the exercises. If students have any difficulty in listening, explain the difficult points and play the tape again where necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class.
T: Well done! I would like to learn more about Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson. .Which group will introduce Neil Armstrong to us?
S1: Our group has found something about Neil Armstrong.
T: Good. Please introduce something to us. Let’s read together. (Ask students to show the following on the PowerPoint or print them out)
In 1969, Neil Armstrong made history by becoming the first man to walk on the moon, uttering the immortal phrase, “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
NAME: Neil A. Armstrong
NASA Astronaut (former)
PERSONAL DATA: Born August 5, 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio. Married. Two sons.
EDUCATION: Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University; Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from University of Southern California. He holds honorary doctorates from a number of universities.
SPECIAL HONORS: He is the recipient of many special honors, including the Presidential Medal for Freedom in 1969; the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy in 1970; the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 1969; and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, 1978.
EXPERIENCE: From 1949 to 1952, he served as a naval aviator; he flew 78 combat missions during the Korean War. During 1971-1979, Armstrong was professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati, where he was involved in both teaching and research. Currently serves as Chairman, AIL Systems, Inc. Deer Park, N.Y.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Armstrong joined NACA, (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), NASA's predecessor, as a research pilot at the Lewis Laboratory in Cleveland and later transferred to the NACA High Speed Flight Station at Edwards AFB, California. He was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the 4,000 mph X-15. He has flown over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters and gliders.
In 1962, Armstrong was transferred to astronaut status. He served as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission, launched March 16, 1966, and performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.
In 1969, Armstrong was commander of Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, and gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the Moon and the first man to step on its surface.
Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Association Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters Office of Advanced Research and Technology, from 1970 to 1971. He resigned from NASA in 1971.
As a young man, Alexander Graham Bell taught deaf students in schools and universities and tutored them privately to help them communicate. He was trained in this work by his parents.
In 1862, Bell enrolled as a “student teacher” at a boy's school near Edinburgh, Scotland. There he taught music and elocution in exchange for instruction in other subjects. Later, he became a full-time teacher, using Visible Speech in teaching a class of deaf children. In April, 1871, Bell went to Massachusetts, where he met with great success.
As a teacher of the deaf, Bell was determined to help deaf people speak, so that they could take part in the speaking world, rather than be isolated and alone. To do this, he tried to find a way to make sound visible. Bell got his idea for making sound visible from his knowledge of how the ear hears.
Ray Tomlinson Inventor of Email
Email has become one of the most commonly used forms of communication, yet its invention passed with little note. Unlike some other communications breakthroughs, like the telegram or phone, nobody thought that email would grow as big as it has. Even the inventor of email, Ray Tomlinson, didn't know he was creating something important. But despite its humble beginnings, email has become an important part of our world. Whether it is used by a business for important messages, or by a disabled person simply to communicate, email is definitely here to stay.
After learning something more about the great people, go on dealing with the rest of listening exercises.
Part 2
Play the tape for students to listen and give students several minutes to finish the exercises. If students have any difficulty in listening, explain the difficult points and play the tape again where necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class.
Part 3
Students are encouraged to think creatively and give different answers.
Step IV: Workbook
Deal with the listening exercises on workbook.
Homework: Remember the three great men and their achievements.
Learn words and expressions in the text.
The Fourth Period Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language目标语言：
a. 重点词汇和短语
likely zone, private, grasp, master, perfect, arrange, rely, failure, locate, valley, set foot in, rely on
b. 重点句型
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.
2. Not all the new companies can succeed, but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money.
2.Aility goals 能力目标: Learn about the development of Zhongguancun and great achievements China has made in recent years. Encourage students to become interested in hi-tech.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标：Students are divided into different groups. Each group will be assigned different tasks. They are asked to collect Zhongguancun’s information from different resources outside of class. Each group member should be involved. Through these activities students should learn to be involved, co-operate and solve problems.
Teaching important points教学重点The development of Zhongguancun and great achievements China has made in recent years.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to analyze the text and grasp the main idea of the text.
Teaching methods教学方法
Listening, reading, discussing
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures & ways 过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework..
Go over the three great names Neil Armstrong, Alexander G Bell, Ray Tomlinson and how they changed the world.
Ask some students to read words and expressions in Unit 11.
Step II Pre-reading
Deal with the questions in the pre-reading part.
T: Good! In this class we are going to learn about the development of Zhongguancun First I’d like to make a survey. If you wanted to do research or start a hi-tech company, what kind of support and environment would you need?
S1: I think I will need support from academies of science.
S2：I think I will need support from the government, i.e. special policy to support my company.
S3: In my opinion, competition will help companies develop very fast. So I will set up my company in a science and technology center.
S4:……
……
T: Good! Why are scientific achievements important? How do they improve our life? How do they improve society?
S8: Scientific achievements can improve our life and change the world. For example before areoplanes and cars were invented, it took years to travel around the world. Now it is very convenient for people to travel.
S9: Scientific achievements make our life colorful. Scientific achievements make life more comfortable.
S10: Scientific achievements change our way of life. We are living a life quite different from our ancestors’.
S11: Scientific achievements also change our way of thinking.
…….
T: So scientific achievements are very important. Then you will good answers to this question:
Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?
S15: Because they like to do something valuable.
S16: Then they turn their wishes into reality.
S17: They are doing something to strengthen the social development.
T: They are very great. I hope you study hard and in future you will make some scientific achievements to benefit the world.
Step III Leading in
Help students to learn something about the symbol of Zhongguancun..
T: Now look at the picture. ( Show the picture of the statue in Zhongguancun on the powerpiont.) Do you know where it is? It is a statue of a DNA molecule. It is the symbol of the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden. In this class we are going to learn something about Zhongguancun.
Step IV Reading
Deal with the reading part.
Scanning
Ask the students to scan the text and find the information aboutZhongguancun. Then fill the information in the form. It is not necessary to write in whole sentences. Key words will do. Students will finish the task independently and then they will compare their notes with their group members.
T: First I’d like you to do the scanning and then finish the form with the information you get from the text. You don’t need to write in sentences. Key words are OK. After you finish, please compare your notes with the other group members.
Show the form on the PowerPoint.
Zhongguancun is located in Northwestern Beijing
What is it? China’s Silicon Valley
In the early 1980s Chen Chunxian opened a private research and development institute
Set up as a special economic zone
Zhongguancun is home to A growing number of overseas Chinese;
A number of science parks;
Many IT companies
The number of IT companies in Zhongguancun More that 8,000 hi-tech companies
Its effect On business& science
Several minutes later, students compare their information with each other in groups. Then show the following form on the PowerPoint.
Zhongguancun is located in Beijing’s Haidian Distric Northwestern Beijing
What is it? New center for Chinese science and technology China’s Silicon Valley
The science center got started In the early 1980s Chen Chunxian opened a private research and development institute
Set up as a special economic zone In the late 1990s Leader of China’s hi-tech industry
Zhongguancun is home to Some famous research institutes and universities A growing number of overseas Chinese；A number of science parks;
Many IT companies
The number of IT companies in Zhongguancun More than 4,000 IT companies More that 8,000 hi-tech companies
Its effect positive On business & science
T: From this form we can have a clear image of Zhongguancun. Let’s come to the post reading questions.
Skimming
Ask students to skim the text and then finish the post-reading questions.
T: Look at the post reading questions first. Then skim the text to find the answers.
Then check the answers with the whole class.
Suggested answers:
1. A.B.C.D 2. D 3.C.D 4.B 5. C.D
Sum up the main idea of each part.
Ask the students to read through the text and grasp the main idea of the text. Before giving students the answers, ask them to discuss first.
In this procedure, students should sum up the main ideas by themselves first, then discuss with group members.
(Cooperative learning)
T: Now let’s sum up the main idea of each part. While reading, please think carefully and decide how many parts the text should be divided into.
After reading the text, Ss will think carefully and then they will discuss with their group members. Then some spokesmen will stand up and speak out their opinions.
T: OK. I’m glad you have thought actively and had a heated discussion. Let’s look at the suggested answers.
(Show the suggested answers on the PowerPoint.)
The main idea of each part
Part1 (Paragraph1-2)
General introduction of Zhongguancun.
Part2 (Paragraph 3-7)
Why Zhongguancun attracts more and more overseas Chinese.
Part3 (Paragraph 8-9)
The positive effect Zhongguancun has had on both business and science & the spirit of Zhongguancun.
T:I hope you will remember the spirit of Zhongguancun.I hope it will encourage you to study hard and be the guide of your life.
Step IV Explanation
During this procedure Teacher will play the tape for students. Students will underline the difficult sentences. After listening to the tape, Teacher will explain the text and deal with language problems.
T: We have learned the main ideas of the text. This time we will deal with some difficult language focuses. Now I will play the tape for you .Please make a mark where you have difficulties.
After listening to the tape, explain the difficult sentences to students. Before explaining the difficult points, students are asked to refer to the notes to the text.
T: Do you have any difficulties with the text？
S1In the first sentence Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. can I replace “likely” with “possible”?
T: Yes, you can. It is the same. We can say “It is possible that something will happen” But when we say “Somebody is likely to do sth “or “Something is likely to happen.”.
E.g. The train is likely to be late.
She is not likely to come next month.
S2: In the last paragraph the second sentence” Not all the new companies can succeed”, does “not all “mean “none”?
T: No, “not all” means” some”.Do you have any other questions?
Ss: No.
T: Today’s home work Surf on the internet and find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun .That’s all for today.
Step VI Homework
Surf on the internet and find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun.
The Fifth Period Integrating Skills (1)
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language目标语言:
a. 重点词汇和短语 boom, rejuvenating, impressive, genetic, genome, byte, broadband, humanoid, put forward
b. 重点句型
In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education”.
2. 能力目标: Help students to learn about scientific achievements in different fields made by Chinese.
3. 学能目标: After learning about scientific achievements, students should realize scientific achievements rely on science and education and knowledge will help them to achieve their goals.
Teaching important points教学重点
Help students to learn about scientific achievements in different fields made by Chinese.
Help students to realize scientific achievements rely on science and education and knowledge will
help them to achieve their goals.
Writing: Write a persuasion essay.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to write a persuasion essay.
Teaching methods教学方法
Task-based teaching method
Teaching aids教具准备
1. A recorder 2. A projector 3. A computer
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
T: Yesterday I asked you to find more about Chen Chunxian and Zhongguancun. Have you done your homework?
S1: Chen Chunxian was called “Father of “China's Silicon Valley”. He died on August 9, in Beijing.
S2:He was China's Silicon Pioneer, but he had had many failures.
S3: He is publicly recognized as the first mover in China’s IT industries in the 1980s. He was born in 1934. In 1953, he entered the University of Moscow to study physics. At the time of his study, it was the heyday of Russian research and development. Sputnik, the first satellite, was launched in 1957. After he finished his degree in 1958, he started his career as a researcher at the Institute of Physics in the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), the most preeminent research institute in China.
S4: Chen Chunxian, along with 10 fellow CAS scientists took academic tours to the U.S. soon after the Open Door Policy was established in 1978.
S5: In 1980 he started up the Advanced Technology Service Department, a technology-consulting firm in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing, with 15 staff members from CAS. Many scientists and researchers followed Chen’s example in the early 1980s
……
T：I’m glad to share your information. You’ve done very well. Here’s a piece of news on his death. Please read it. (Show the following on the PowerPoint.)
Father of ”China's Silicon Valley“ Dies
Chinese scientist Chen Chunxian, founder of Beijing's Zhongguancun hi-tech area, has passed away at the age of 70.
The physicist died Monday morning. He made his last contribution to society by donating his corneas to a medical institution.
In 1980, 46-year-old Chen Chunxian tabled the proposal of building Zhongguancun into China's ”Silicon Valley“.
He left Chinese Academy of Sciences the same year to establish the first private scientific institution in the country, the precursor of China's hi-tech enterprises.
Chen Chunxian's efforts to develop China's hi-tech industry have given him the name ”father of Zhongguancun“.
(CRI August 11, 2004)
Step II Leading in
T: Though he had many failures, his spirit inspires thousands of people to work hard to build a new future. Just as a motto says: “Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure”, great scientific achievements are the results of years of failures, years of trying to create something that has never existed before. Now let’s look at the great achievements we Chinese have made in different fields.
Step III Integrating skills
Students are requested to look through the text in the given time and then finish the exercise on Page 8. Students are given several minutes to discuss their answers with their group members. Several minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.
T: Look through the text on page 7 quickly and then finish the exercise on page 8.Eight minutes later we will check the answers together.
Suggested answers:
Field Achievements Importance
Exploring space Developed Long March rocket series Safe; used to send satellites into space; prepare for the nation’s first manned flight
Genetic research A new kind of rice which allow farmers to increase production；
Completed part of the international human genome project in A leader in the field of genetic research;
Proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best
Computer engineering A new high-speed broadband network was recently started;
Developed the supercomputer Shenwei; built the nation’s first humanoid robot The internet is becoming increasingly popular.
Medical science Created a chemical element that can fight cancer cells Gives hope to cancer patients all over the world; makes China one of the world leaders in the battle against the deadly disease.
After finishing the exercises, play the tape for students to follow. Then explain the questions students ask.
Step V Writing
T: Now let’s come to Writing. First read the tips. Then finish writing an essay for the magazine Modern Science.
After the brief introduction, students will discuss in groups. Then they will write an outline by themselves. Students will finish the writing outside class. After every student finishes his writing, their work will be collected and on display.
Step VI Homework Finish writing your essay.
The Sixth Period Integrating Skills (II)
附 件
I.本单元课文注释与疑难解析
1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就，很有可能其中很多就诞生在北京的西北部。
1. whatever conj. regardless of what , no matter what 引导让步装语从句。
Eg. Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.( Whatever happens= No matter what happens)
不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。
Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret. (Whatever you do= No matter what you do )
不管你做什么, 我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。
注意：当whatever 引导名词性从句时， 不可用no matter what 替换, whatever= anything that 。
You may do whatever you want to do.（whatever= anything that）
无论你想做什么事，你都可以做。
Whatever can be done has been done. （Whatever= Anything that）已经做了能做的一切。
2. likely adj. probable可能的
1.) sb be likely to do sth
sth be likely to happen
2).. It is likely that ……
Eg. The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。
She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。
They are likely to become angry with him.他们可能会对他发怒
It is very likely that he will not consent.
很可能他不会同意。
like possible probable
意思都含“可能的”。
likely 系常用词, 指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”, 如:
It is likely that she will ring me tonight.(= She is very likely to ring me tonight.)很有可能她今晚给我打电话。
possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法, 某事可能发生或做到”, 强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思, 如:
It is possible to go to the moon now.
现在有可能登上月球。
probable 语气比 possible 强, 指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物, 带有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思, 如:
l don't think the story is probable.
我觉得那故事不大可能。
2．In1995， the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education” and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.
1995年中国政府提出“科教兴国”的规划，帮助中国科学家取得了许多突破性的成就。
1. put forward 1）提出（意见、建议）
”In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.“
”1860年,一个名叫威廉.娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。“
2）推荐；提名；推举
Shall we put Mr Willinton forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?
”我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会主席的候选人,好吗?“
2. rely（与on, upon连用）依靠；依赖；信任；信赖
rely on one's own efforts依靠自己的努力
You may rely on me.你可以信赖我。
rely depend
都含“信赖”的意思。
rely 指“在过去经验的基础上, 依赖、相信某人或某事物, 希望从中得到支持或帮助”, 如:
He can be -lied on to keep secret.
相信他能保密。
depend 指“出于信赖而依靠他人或他物, 以取得其支持或帮助, 这种信赖可能有过去的经验或了解为根据, 也可能没有”, 如:
He can depend on his wife for sympathy.
他相信妻子会同情他。
2. breakthrough n..1) 突破，冲破防线
a military breakthrough军事突破
2)突破性的发现，成就
a scientific breakthrough科学成就
Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplantation.
外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。
II. 文化背景知识
Ray Tomlinson(born 1941) Inventor of Email
Frequently Asked Questions
Did you send the first network email?
Why did you do it?
Why did you choose the at sign?
What was the first message?
Did you receive any rewards, patents, etc.?
What were the early uses of email?
Did you send the first network email?
As far as I know, yes. However, there are a few qualifications. Network should be included because there were many earlier instances of email within a single machine. Computer networks, in any real sense, didn't exist until the ARPANET was built starting in 1969. Dick Watson proposed a form of email in July 1971 (RFC 196). I don't think that was ever implemented. It differed in that the mail was directed to numeric mailboxes. RFC 196 also suggests that the final product would be a printer output (i.e. ink on paper). SNDMSG sent messages to named individuals (computer users).
________________________________________
Why did you do it?
Mostly because it seemed like a neat idea. There was no directive to ”go forth and invent email“. The ARPANET was a solution looking for a problem. A colleague suggested that I not tell my boss what I had done because email wasn't in our statement of work. That was really said in jest because we were, after all, investigating ways in which to use the ARPANET.
________________________________________
Why did you choose the at sign?
The primary reason was that it made sense. at signs didn't appear in names so there would be no ambiguity about where the separation between login name and host name occurred. (Of course, this last notion is now refuted by the proliferation of products, services, slogans, etc. incorporating the at sign.) The at sign also had no significance in any editors that ran on TENEX. I was later reminded that the Multics time-sharing system used the at sign as its line-erase character. This caused a fair amount of grief in that community of users. Multics used IBM 2741 terminals which used EBCDIC character coding. They did not have a ”control“ modifier key and didn't have many (any?) non-printing characters beyond space, backspace, tab, and return. The designers of Multics were constrained to using printing characters for line-editing.
________________________________________
What was the first message?
The first message of any substance was a message announcing the availability of network email. The exact content is unknown, but it gave instructions about using the at sign to separate the user's name from his host computer name.
________________________________________
Did you receive any rewards, patents, etc.?
Not unless you consider the current interest in the origins of email a reward.
________________________________________
What were the early uses of email?
The early uses were not terribly different from the current uses: The exceptions are that there was only plain text in the messages and there was no SPAM.
A Conversation With The Inventor Of Email
By Sharon Gaudin
Ray Tomlinson gave society one of the greatest communication tools in history. He invented email back in 1971 -- essentially fostering global business communication and turning the Internet into a digital kitchen table for far-flung family members.
The MIT grad is one of the forefathers of the Internet, working on ARPANET, the forerunner to the Internet, along with workstations, super computers and a slew of protocols.
But email may be his greatest legacy -- if not the toughest project he's ever worked on. Alexander Graham Bell became a household name -- someone children learn about in school -- because he invented the telephone. But consider that in this high-tech era there are more emails sent every day than telephone calls. That definitely gives Tomlinson his own place in history, if not a life of fame and fortune.
In this Q&A, the man who was honored earlier this year for a lifetime of innovation by Discover magazine, says he's irked by spam and hopes for a technical solution. He also talks about his vision for the future of email, dismisses claims that he's changed society and updates us on the distributed computing project he's working on today at BBN Technologies in Cambridge, Mass., where he's worked for the past 35 years and is their much-lauded principal engineer.
Q: What was your vision for email, and has the reality of it lived up to your expectations?
I'm not sure there was a vision there. It was a hack -- a neat thing to try out. ...It probably took four, five, six hours to do. Less than a day spread over a week or two -- when I had a spare moment. The idea was this facility had proved its usefulness sending messages to the same computer. What about when someone was on another computer, maybe across the country? It would be like the telephone but they wouldn't have to be there to answer the phone.
Q: When did you realize how big email was going to be?
It never seemed big at the beginning because there weren't many computers. It was only as big as the network. It depended upon having people with access. As an idea, it caught on right away, but there were so few people on the network... We didn't call it email. If we called it anything we called it mail or messages. The contrast with snail mail wasn't necessary then... I never documented the creation of the program. In 1993, someone started to ask where email started. I knew I had done the program... but later various people came along and there were a lot of additional ideas that went into it.
Q: How many email addresses do you have?
I have three that I use and three that I don't. They're three come-along-for-the-ride email addresses that you get from an ISP.
Q: How do you feel about spam and what should be done about it?
I get irked when I get spam. It's a tough problem and I'd like to see a solution come along. So far the solutions aren't working. Either they filter too much or they're not effective when they should be. They don't do what humans would do. Why did that email come through? And why didn't that legitimate one get through? No, I don't think legislation will work. I hate legislative solutions. It just doesn't sit well. I'd like to think people have the common sense not to spam, but obviously they don't. It's still possible we may have a technological solution for it. I would like to see that. I'm not spending any time on it myself. The other stuff I'm working on now is more interesting to me. I didn't have any association with email after the late '70s. I watched it from afar but I didn't participate.
Q: How do you see email evolving? What will it look like 10 years from now?
If it doesn't get killed off from spam, it probably won't be a lot different. You may see it more closely integrated with other forms of communication, though, like instant messaging. Once email is answered, you could continue the conversation more immediately, like with instant messaging. Simultaneous correspondence is a lot better than a few emails in a few hours. Or maybe you'll get an email and press a button and make a phone call... not with Verizon, but over the Internet. People would like more seamless interaction between the tools. They don't like being in a particular mode and having to switch to another. I want to specify what I want to do. I don't care how it happens... Bandwidth will go up. DSL is becoming more common. Cable modems are more common. Technology there will improve those services.
Q: What do you think of instant messaging?
I don't use it myself. I got turned off when I installed some browser that insisted with cluttering my screen up with instant messaging. The closest I've come to IM is some chat services. They were not fast enough. They weren't instant to me. I think people who use it are very happy with it. It fills an important niche.
Q: What can be done to make email more secure and cut down on the distribution of viruses and worms?
The insecure part of email is not something you can fix with technology. It's just so convenient. You can have an attachment in an email that does something for you. The attraction with that tempts people to click on an application... and get a virus. Anything you can think of to tag that as a virus is not going to be used. You'd have to have the cooperation of the hacker for that to work. And if your ISP threw away every attachment, that wouldn't work because email would lose its utility as a communication tool.
Q: A lot of people say email has changed society. Do you buy into that?
I think there will never be an answer to that. It's had an effect. I don't think people are fundamentally different now than they would have been. They simply communicate more. Maybe they've made friends and maintain relationships that they wouldn't have. But bad guys are still bad guys. Good guys are still good guys. Friendly people are still friendly. Just because they can be friendly over email and not a telephone [isn't that much of a difference]. You just have a larger community to draw from. If you have problems or are looking for answers, you have additional opportunities to find those answers. It's like having a library in your hometown or not. If it's not there and you have to make a trip to another town, you might not do it. You can tap into resources more readily. People have found answers to questions and email has been part of that solution.
Q: Is high-tech research as exciting to you now as it was back in the late '60s and early '70s when you were working on ARPANET and email?
Yeah, the subjects are different. This may be more exciting because there's so much happening all at once. We have this wonderful tool - the Internet. It's been around in one form or another since about '74. That's when the first networks were hooked together. It's just a wonderful resource. Think of ways to hook things together. Think of ways to get information.
Q: What are you working on now?
Distributed systems that use tools in various places around the country and work out solutions to problems. Trying to get it to happen is a challenge, but getting it to happen is tremendous. The system is based on agents, which are software applications that have certain expertise to work out solutions, like scheduling. Other agents know how to take a problem and break it down into smaller problems. They talk with each other and give each other answers. One agent will have access to specific information so it will be able to answer specific questions. We're actually working on solving the Department of Defense's logistical problems. We have a particular focus, but the overall techniques are general and could be adapted to other scenarios... We're working on both Linux and Windows and it's written in Java so it's relatively platform independent.
Q: Does it bother you that Ray Tomlinson is not a household name despite the contributions you've made?
No, it doesn't bother me. It's a geek thing. Computer nerds know that I've done this. I've gotten emails from individuals who've run across this fact. They say, 'It's great what you did. Why don't you do something about spam?' I'm not a household name. I wouldn't say it has brought me no fame and fortune, but it's not what most people think of when you say those words. It's kind of neat to have people talking about what you did and have people interested in it. It's not the center of my life.
Q: What is the center of your life?
I'm not sure I have a center. I just do what I do. I play around with computers and do some music and a little golfing.
Q: Was email the biggest thing that you've worked on?
I think there were bigger things -- things that took more effort. The workstation that I designed and built back around 1980 -- that was the biggest single thing I've done. It was a two-year effort. And it worked and it was useful. We never tried making a product out of it but it did serve our researchers... It was fun playing around with the super computer design. It didn't pan out, but it expanded my own knowledge. Everything has been interesting. I can't single out any one thing.
Q: What else interests you right now?
I read about anything I can get my hands on, from biology to archeology. I see none of these as something I'll directly work on... but biological computing is intriguing. And I'm interested in quantum computing too.
Chen, China's silicon pioneer, dead at 70
By Mike Clendenin
EE Times
August 11, 2004 (8:00 AM EDT)
TAIPEI, Taiwan - Chen Chunxian, the scientist credited with setting up China's ”Silicon Valley,“ died Monday (Aug. 9) at the age of 70, according to state media reports.
In 1980, four years after the death of Communist Chinese leader Mao Zedong and the opening of China, Chen walked away from a coveted position at the national Chinese Academy of Sciences to launch a high-tech development company in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing.
Chen, a Soviet-trained scientist and one of China's top plasma researchers at the time, was apparently inspired to set up the firm after a visit to California's Silicon Valley. Although his company eventually failed, his pioneering effort is credited with helping other tech-minded entrepreneurs.
Sitting on the northwest outskirts of Beijing, Zhongguancun eventually transformed from a sleepy academic district into a bustling electronics bazaar, with a mlange of privately funded retail shops driving its growth. In 1988, the city government officially established the Haidian Science Park within the Zhongguancun area and about a decade later the central government created the Zhongguancun High-tech Zone, encompassing about 100 square kilometers and making it Beijing's largest tech-oriented zone.
Considered the cradle of China's fabless industry, Zhongguancun also houses more than half of the countries Internet firms and the park administration believes some 6,000 companies - 70 percent of which are tech firms - have offices within its borders. In 2000, the park's revenue of $14 billion accounted for 60 percent of Beijing's industrial growth, according to the park administration.
More than a decade after Chen's pioneering endeavor, the failure of his company still registered more with Chen then the IT legacy he had been a part of. He was quoted as saying: ”I don't consider myself a hero. A true hero should be rewarded with success.“
State media did not report the cause of Chen's death.
Zhongguancun, China's Silicon Valley
A statue of a DNA molecule. It is the symbol of the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden.
The numerals 0 and 1 represent the idea that Zhongguancun will rely on computer technology to develop itself.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as a dozen famous colleges and universities, including Beijing and Qinghua Universities are located in Zhongguancun in Beijing's Haidian District. The area has a dynamic economy that focuses on the knowledge and information industries. The average age of the several hundred thousands of employees in Zhongguancun is about 30; and the area of Zhongguancun is popularly known as the Silicon Valley of China.
Since 1978, when China started to implement the policies of reform and opening-up, various special economic zones were established, such as the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province in the 1980s, the new district of Pudong in the Shanghai Municipality in the 1990s, and Zhongguancun in Beijing in the late 1990's. It has been forecasted that Zhongguancun will become the leader of China's hi-tech industry in the 21st century.
Similar to Silicon Valley in the United States, Zhongguancun is a product of the development of the market economy. Twenty years ago, the Chinese government decided to focus its attention on economic development, and so began the nationwide implementation of reforms. On October 23, 1980, Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded a technological development service department under the Beijing Society of Plasma Physics in Zhongguancun. It was the first civilian-run scientific and technological institution in the area. By the end of 1986, 100 non-governmental scientific and technological enterprises, specially engaged in the development and marketing of electronic products, were set up along the sides of a street which was later called the Zhongguancun Electronics Street.
An office of a large enterprise in Zhongguancun.
Wang Xuan (second from left) is one of the most famous scientists in Zhongguancun. He has developed the technology of laser photo-typesetting of Chinese characters and has made contributions to the technological revolution of China's printing industry.
Cultivating Chinese kale for bioengineering research. Bioengineering will become Zhongguancun's next important area of economic growth.
In order to accelerate its development, the densely populated Zhongguancun Garden designed a new development pattern and established five subsidiary scientific and technological gardens. The Haidian Garden, where the Zhongguancun Electronics Street is located, is responsible for the research and development of hi-tech products. It has set up the 1.8-square-kilometer Shangdi Information Industry Base and the 4-square-kilometer Yongfeng Experiment Base. The other four subsidiaries are the Fengtai Garden, the Changping Garden, the Yizhuang Scientific and Technological Garden in the southern suburb, and the Electronics Garden in the nort
篇6：高二13单元教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
The water planet
Tasks which should be achieved in this unit:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of water and the ocean.
b. Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
benefit, disadvantage, range, available, pure, mass, float, absorb, stable, bottom;
d. Useful expressions:
benefit from, range from … to…., all the way, be made up of, that is, freezing point, break down, mix with, be measured in…, take advantage of…, keep … steady, manage to do.
e. Grammar:
Review Modal Verbs.
情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t 等的用法。
1) can /could
Jin can speak English well. (ability)
Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (request)
2) may /might
May we see the awards for the teams? (permission; request)
She might give you some new clothing. (possibility)
3) will /would
The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement)
Often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit; custom)
4) shall /should
The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise; agreement)
You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)
5) must /can’t
Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong (speculation)
You must be joking. That can’t be true. (guessing)
Teaching procedure:
Period 1.
Contents: Warming up & reading comprehension
Step 1.Warming up
Aim: Make students get to know something about water.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.Show some pictures of making electricity, irritating in agriculture, transport by ships, etc,.
2.group work:
How is the water being used?
Step 3. While-reading
1.Scanning: Ss read scan the bold words in the passage and understand the structure of the passage.
How many parts are there in the passage?
2.Ss read and get the main ideas of each part.
Part 1(para1): the properties of water;
Part2(Para2): chemical structure of water---H2O
Part3(Para3): salinity----- the percentage of salt.
Part4(Para4): Density
Part5(Para5): heat capacity
Part6(Para6-7) Ocean motion
Step 4. After-reading
Finish the post-reading Ex on P21.
Step 5. Assignment
1. surf the internet and get more information about water and ocean using search engines like yahoo or baidu. ( or just input the key words like Jules Verne into the address column of IE)
2. discussion:
What will you prepare for writing an explanation of corals?
After discussion, work out an outline.
Period 2.
Contents: difficulties in the passage.
Step 1. Warming up
Ask some Ss to present their homework.
Step 2. Learning about the language:
Play the tape for students to follow.
Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.
1.Who benefits from using water in this way?
Benefit…from/ by…
This song reminds me of France.
Remind me to answer the letter.
I reminded her that the book would cost her much.
2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way to giant like sharks and whales.
Range from… to…/ range between …. And…. 意为“从。。。。到。。。不等；在一定的范围内变化”，例如：
Temperatures here range from 10 to 30 degrees centigrade.
Prices range between ￡7 and ￡10.
His interests ranged from chess to canoeing.
3. The two hydrogen atoms form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly positive end and one with a slightly negative end.
That is 用作插入8，意为“那就是，即”
My birthday is a week later, that is, March 1st.
John is a New Yorker, that is , he lives in New York.
4. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.
Whatever 引导名词性从句作宾语。
Tell me whatever is troubling you.
She is always succeeds in whatever she tries.
5. Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water.
Take advantage of “利用，欺骗”
Taking advantage of his friends, Mr. Li was scolded.
He always takes advantage of mistakes made by others.
Step 3. Practice
Ss finish on page 14 by themselves and then check the answers.
Step 4. Assignment
1. Learn the useful expressions by heart.
2. Finish Ex1 –3 on page 96-97 on WB
3. read the whole passage aloud.
Period 3.
Contents: Grammar; talking and speaking
Step 1. Revision
Check the answers of Ex 1 – 3 on page 96-97.
Step 2. Review Modal Verbs.
1. 情态动词的语法特征
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2. 比较can 和be able to
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意：could有时不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
3. 比较may和might
1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。
2）成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为”不妨“。例如：
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。
4. 比较have to和must
1）两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3）否定结构中：don't have to表示”不必“，mustn't表示”禁止“。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。
5. must表示推测
1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为”一定“。
2）must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3）must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4）must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5）否定推测用can't。例如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6. 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7. 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1）may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：
Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2）must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有”肯定“，”谅必“的意思。例如：
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3）ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示”不该做某事而做了“。例如：
You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4）needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5）would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。
8. should 和ought to
除了上述的用法，两者还可表示”想必一定，按理应该“的意思。例如：
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
9. had better表示”最好“，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为”本来最好“。例如：
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
10. would rather表示”宁愿“
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示”宁愿“、”宁可“的意思。例如：
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为”宁愿“，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11. will和would
注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般
用some, 而不是any。例如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？
12. 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't
Must you…? No, I don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表”意愿、意志、决心“，本题表示决心，选B。
13. 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。
14. 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1）实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2）情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。
2. Ss do the grammar ex. On p21-22 to see if they can use the modal verbs correctly.
3. More exercises to consolidate the Grammar.
.EX1-2 on page 98-99 of WB.
Step 3. Talking
1. Ss four in one group and have a discussion about the topics on page 96.
2. Ss make notes during the discussion, and try to report the topic to the whole class.
Step 4. Speaking
Learn how to make suggestions and how to express opinions.
The water is being used to /for….
We should/ could….
If we …, we can ….
It would be better to …
5. Assignment
Writing on page 94.
Period 4.
Contents: Integrating skills:
Step 1. Warming up
Ask Ss to scan the passage and raise some questions:
Explain some difficulties if necessary:
Step 2. Reading
1. Ss read the passage :
2. Help Ss to understand the passage entirely.
Step 3. Writing
Finish the writing task on p 24.
You can give Ss some strategies for writing a short essay, or give them an outline if necessary.
Period 5.
(Listening)
Step 1. Listening
1. Ss finish the listening task on page 18.
2. Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers.
Step 2. dealing with the Ex 1-4 on p 95 of Workbook.
Step 3. Listening skills
Give the students some tips on how to improve listening while checking the Ex.
a. make notes while listening;
b. grasp the most important information;
c. take some notes while listening.
Step 4. listen and reading:
First listen and then read the passage on p99.
Period 6.
Revision:
Go over the important points in this unit once again, and give Ss some additional reading materials if possible.
Period 7.
Teachers can use this period freely.
Suggestion: Teachers can use this period to let Ss sum up what they have learned and explain what Ss couldn’t understand very well in this unit. Teachers can also add more practice in this period to consolidate what the Ss have learned. Finally, ask the Ss to finish Assessing on page 101. It is very important to improve their learning and let them have a sense of achieving gradually.
篇7：高二19单元教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
I．单元教学目标
技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about Shakespeare and his plays
Learn to recount detail in conversation
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
Rite a short play
II. 目标语言
功能句式
Stating one’s views
Correct me if I’m wrong, but…
One of the most important facts is…
As far as I know…
You shouldn’t forget that…
You could, for example, …
After all,…
What shouldn’t be forgotten is…
The way I would go about it…
But in this particular case…
词汇
1. 四会词汇
merchant, crown, deny, mercy, enemy, reasonable, weakness, judgement, gentleman, greeting, envy, troublesome, requirement, declare, merciful, bless, legal, deed, surgeon, court, justice, therefore, kindness, punish, punishment, order, sword, complex
2. 认读词汇
Venice, Hamlet, Romeo, Juliet, Troilus, Cressida, uneasy, Bassanio, Antonio, Portia, Shylock, duke, masterpiece, revenge, ducat, fate, scale, Bellario, tragedy
3. 词组
pay back, have mercy on, go about, as far as I know, tear up, at the mercy of, go down on one’s knees
4. 重点词汇
merchant, mercy, accuse, declare, fortune, bargain, worthy, consequence
结构
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
重点句子
You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.
If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.
Shylock, how can you hope for mercy for yourself when you show none? P67
To do a great right, do a little wrong and in that way we can save Antonio. P68
If Shylock cuts deep enough, I’ll pay him back with all my heart. 68
All he wanted was justice. P71
The 1st period Speaking
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework
1. Check the students’ writing.
2. check if the students have found some information about Shakespeare.
Step 2 Warming up
Get the students to work together to talk about the quotations, the pictures and the plays of Shakespeare.
No 1 comes from Hamlet and its meaning is being terribly upset and undecided.
No2 comes from King Henry Ⅳ and its meaning is that a person who has great responsibility, such as a king, is constantly worried and therefore doesn’t sleep soundly.
No 3 comes from Hamlet. It means that it’s best not to lend money to other people and not to borrow from other people.
No 4 comes from Romeo and Juliet and its meaning is why my lover Romeo is from a family that has a long feud (世仇，不和) with mine.
No 5 comes from Troilus &Cressida and its meaning is empty words, not real thoughts or ideas from the heart.
Step 3 Speaking
Encourage students to discuss the two situations using the useful expressions
Step 4 talking (on P138)
Get the students to talk about the picture, and then do the two tasks according to the instruction.
After some practice, the teacher can ask some pairs to act their play out in front of the whole calss.
Step 4 Homework
Learn the new words by heart.
The 2nd Period Listening
Step 1 Revision
Ask some pairs to act out their play
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and do Part 1 and 2
Students are asked to read fast the questions and then listen to the tape twice to answer the questions.
Step 3 Listening (2) (wb P137)
Step 4 Homework.
Listen to the materials again after class.
Preview the reading.
The 3rd Period Reading
Step 1 Lead-in
Task: Ask students to retell the main characters of the Merchant of Venice and their relationship according to the listening part.
Step 2 Pre-reading
Talk about the picture to arouse the students’ interest in reading the play.
Step 3 while-reading
Get students to analyze the characters, finding out some details and explaining the deeper meaning of some puns and symbols.
Deal with some language points if possible:
1. You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. P67
2. if you offered me six times what you have just offered
3. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy for yourself when you show me none?
Step 4 Post-reading:
Listen to the tape and then finish the post-reading Ex on p44-45.
Step 4 Homework
Preparations: Language Study on p 69 and Vocabulary on P139-140.
The 4th Period Grammar
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Word Study and vocabulary
Check the answers orally.
Step 3 Grammar
Revise the Direct and Indirect Speech.
Step 4 Homework
Review the rules of the Direct and Indirect Speech; Read the passage on P71-72.
The 5th Period Extensive reading
Step 1
Check the homework
Step 2 Listening and Fast reading
Step 5 reading
P142 Extensive reading.
Go through the questions on P142, and listen to the tape and answer the questions
Step 6 Homework
Review what we’ve learned in this period and prepare for the writing task.
The 6th Period Writing
Step 1 revision
Step 2 Pre-writing
How to write a short play:
Read about Romeo and Juliet on P142-143.
Step 3 Writing (1)
Write a short passage about Romeo & Juliet.
Read some sample essays and give comments on them.
Step 4 Homework
Check Your writings with the other groups.
篇8：高二下18单元语言点教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
1 These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly.这些筷子又好吃又环保。
点拨：friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
e.g.1.A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。
e.g.3.It’s a government friendly to our interests.这是一个符合我们利益的政府。
2．throw away：1）抛弃，扔掉：作为无用而除去：threw away yesterday's newspaper.扔掉昨天的报纸
2）To fail to take advantage of:丧失，错过：未能利用：
threw away a chance to make a fortune.丧失赚大钱的机会
throw up：To vomit.呕吐
3 Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop computer?你厌倦了随身携带一个沉重的笔记本电脑了么？
点拨：tire作为动词，为使役动词，意思是“使某人劳累”。词组tire sb.of sth.是“使某人厌倦了某事”的意思。所以sb.be tired of sth./doing sth.意为“某人厌倦了某事/做某事”。
e.g.1.When a man is tired of London,he is tired of life.当一个人厌倦了伦敦的时候，他也就厌倦了生活。
e.g.2.I am tired of your stupid remarks.我听烦了你的蠢话。
拓展：sb.be tired of sth.意思是“某人厌烦了某事”，但是sb.be tired with sth.是“某人做某事累了”。因此，应从上下文中推断应该采用哪一个词组。
考题：-Do you like your new job as a shop assistant?
-Very much.But I am tired standing all day.
A.of B.with C.by D.about 答案：B
5 If you use our inflatable bike,you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
如果你使用了我们的可充气自行车，你可以非常简单地放出空气，把你的自行车放进书包里。
点拨：1）let out 在此为“放掉”的意思。
e.g.1.There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有个人在花园里，把狗放出来吧。
e.g.2.Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.释放气球中的空气,把它放在塑料袋里。
2）.let sth.out 还有“使知道；泄露”的含义:
e.g.Who let that story out?是谁泄露了消息?
3）.let sth.out 还有“放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸”的意思
e.g.I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
4）.let sth.out还有“出租（房屋等）”的意思
e.g.I want to live outside London.Do you know there is any house let out?
我想住在伦敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋吗？
6 How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?人们怎么会想出新发明的主意呢？
点拨：come up with 有两层含义
1.想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生
e.g.1.He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上来。
e.g.3.People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
人们把各种主意用不同的方式组合在一起，形成一些新想法。
e.g.4.He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。
拓展：1.come up with 还有“赶上”的含义
e.g.We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
我们在努力达到先进水平。
2.come up 有“显现；出现，提升，靠近”的含义
e.g.The question never came up.这个问题未从曾发生过。
e.g.The sun came up.太阳升起来了。
e.g.a general who came up from the ranks按等级晋升的将军
e.g.came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
3.come down的含义:传递；传给；减价
e.g.The song comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从10世纪一直传到我们这一代。
e.g.These legends came down to us from the 15th century.这些传说是从15世纪流传下来的。
e.g.I don’t think TV sets will come down this year,do you?我看今年电视机的价格不会跌,你看呢?
7 Instead,it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.
相反，创造力，这个在社会里被认作是最有价值的技能之一，似乎只是一种习惯的问题。
1)点拨：a matter of 此处用来表示“正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情”。
e.g.1.Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答这个问题只不过要运用一下你的智慧。
e.g.2.To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解决这个问题仅仅是个时间问题。
拓展：1.a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。
e.g.We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我们大约只等了10分钟。
3.词组a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情
4.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 见仁见智的事情
5.as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
2) highly high作副词的区别
Highly is describing how we think of something or someone. adv.
1）高度地；非常；极
a highly scientific approach高度科学性的方法
It is highly important for us to combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness.
”对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。“
2）赞许地；优厚地；超乎寻常地
a highly paid official薪金优厚的官员
He spoke very highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。
Our department store has always been very highly commended.我们的百货商店一向受到高度赞扬。
He is highly estimated among his fellows.同事们对他的评价很高。
High: 1)At, in, or to a lofty position, level, or degree:（位置、水平高度、程度）高地：
saw a plane high in the sky; prices that had gone too high.看见高空中那架飞机；价格简直太高了
2)In an extravagant or luxurious way:挥霍地：以奢侈的、豪华的方式：
made a fortune and lived high.交了好运且生活奢华
3) value： vt. 估价；定价
He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
2）尊重；珍视I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告
8 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
点拨：此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、不定式有对称使用的特点。
e.g.1.眼见为实可以表示为Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe.
e.g.2.To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。
e.g.3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
e.g.4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类自己。
e.g.5.To teach is to learn.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than .
A.if you lose your spirit B.losing his spirit C.to lose one’s spirit D.your spirit getting lost 答案：C
9 Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try“impossible ”or“crazy”solutions.
发明家们常常为了使用创造性的方法，或尝试一些不可能或疯狂的方法多次解决问题。
点拨：allow for有 “考虑；顾及；把某事算在内”的含义。
e.g.1.We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。
e.g.2.It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
e.g.3.Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火车晚点考虑在内， 我们应该在十点半之前回来。
e.g.4.Allowing for wastage,the gas will last 3 weeks.留出损耗,这些汽油可以维持3周。
allows of： The poem allows of several interpretations.这首诗可以有好几种解释
比较：allow与permit
permit作动词用时相当于allow，用法相似。同是 allow/permit sb.to do与allow/permit doing sth.
与allow不同的是，它强调“得到上级或文件正式认可的允许”，意为“正式批准、许可”，比allow正式；allow所表示的允许，含有“听任、默许”之意。但在实际语言运用中的区别并不那么严格，在很多情况下可以交换使用。
e.g.1.I’ll visit him tomorrow if weather permits.如果天气条件许可，明天我要去拜访他。
e.g.2.Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk.每个学生被允许五分钟自由谈话。
e.g.3.Smoking is not permitted in this cinema.本电影院不许吸烟。
考题： is not allowed here. You are not allowed here.
A.To smoke B.Smoking C.To be smoking D.Having smoked 答案：BA
10 otherwise: adv.1)不同地
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
I was otherwise engaged last Sunday evening.
上星期天晚上我另外有约。;上星期天晚上我另外有事。
2)（在）其他方面
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
3)（在不同情况下）否则
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
12 attempt:v attempt to do attempt +n
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我试图一次读完整本小说
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
我们尝试在没有外援的情况下完成复杂的特技动作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
13 If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer,we may get stuck.
如果我们仅仅去寻求正确的答案而否定了没有完整答案的想法，我们就会陷入困惑之中。
点拨：1.及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受，屈服。
e.g.1.He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
e.g.2.We rejected his idea for a music club,and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。
e.g.The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
2.stuck 是stick 的过去式和过去分词，sb./sth.be stuck 在此表示某人、某物被难住;保持或变得静止；被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住。
e.g.1.We are late because we have been stuck in traffic for an hour.我们迟到了因为被卡在交通阻塞中达一个小时。
e.g.2.The door is stuck-I can’t open it. 门卡住了， 我打不开。
e.g.3.He was stuck in the mud and can’t move. 他陷在泥里，动不了。
比较：be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
e.g.We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
e.g.She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
14 Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思考的作用是很明确的--破旧立新。
点拨：break away表示逃走；逃脱 break away from 表示摆脱某物， 从……中脱离开来
e.g.1.The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。
e.g.2.Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
拓展：break away 还可以表示“断裂；开裂”的含义
e.g.A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。
15 Unfortunately,it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge.很不幸，我们很容易把一个新的想法仅局限于我们先前知识的一个方面。
点拨：connect在此处表示连接或系在一起。搭配为 connect sth.to/with sth.
e.g.1.There is no reason to connect the two events. /There is no reason to connect the event to/with that one. 没有理由把这两件事联想在一起
拓展:还可以表示:用通讯工具联系或连接，搭配为connect sb.to sb.
e.g.1.Please connect me to the number in San Diego.请给我接圣地亚哥这个电话号码。
另外，connect 还可以作为不及物动词
e.g.2.Two streams connect to form a river.两条小溪汇流成一条大河。
名词为connection,词组 in connection with 表示“关于……，与……有关”。
e.g.Do you believe that there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease?你相信吸烟与心脏病有关系吗?
16 apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 请求；申请I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。
2)应用；使用；适用to apply a nickname用绰号
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他伤口上涂药。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
4)产生作用；有直接关系What I have said does not apply to you.我说的话与你无关。
This rule does not apply.这个规则不适用。
4)专心；集中精力apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Application: n应用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。
2)适用
This has no application to the case这不适用于那个案子。
3)正式申请；书面申请
an application for a job求职书
4)敷用（药物）
5)勤勉；专心
He worked with great application.
他工作非常勤奋。
17 Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive and studies have shown that our most respected scientists produce not only some of the best ideas,but also a great many bad ones.
大多数著名的科学家和思想家都是富有成果的，但研究表明尊敬的科学家们不仅能想出好主意同时有许多错误。
点拨：respected 过去分词作定语，修饰scientists,单个分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句的省略形式。our most respected scientists=our most scientists who are respected,一般放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面。
e.g.1.A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。
e.g.2.Don’t laugh at his crippled walk.不要笑他的跛行。
e.g.3.Father looked at the child with a pleased expression.父亲带着满意的表情看着孩子。
e.g.4.The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
e.g.5.Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizens.小时候受过训练的孩子会成为好公民。
Respect :n1)（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
2)关心；注意 to pay (have) respect to关心
3) (pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
in all respects无论从哪方面来看
in respect of关于；就…来说
pay one's respects拜访
without respect to不管；不考虑
with respect to谈到
with respect to the recent flood谈到最近的洪水
respect vt.尊敬；尊重
I respect his courage.我敬佩他的勇气。
I'll respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。
Usually people don't respect those who are too compliant.”一般来说人们看不起那种唯命是从,唯唯诺诺的人。
18 We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes.
人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
比较:age, time, days
age也可以表示时代，但是通常都是单数并大写。
e.g.1.Bronze Age 铜器时代 the Ice Age 冰河世纪
age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
e.g.1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。
e.g.2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
time作“时代”解时，常用复数形式，如本句中的 in modern times(在现代)。但有时也有用单数形式表示“时代”的，如 in Shakespeare time(在莎士比亚时代)。
e.g.1.In quite old times people lived on hunting and fishing.在古代，人们以渔猎为生。
e.g.2.His thought is ahead of his times.他的思想走在时代前面。
e.g.3.We should try to meet the requirements of the times.我们应当力争符合时代的要求。
e.g.4.It happened at the time of King Alfred.它发生在阿尔弗雷德王的时代。
day也可以表示历史上的一段时期；还可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、独特的一段时期。用作可数名词。
e.g.1.We studied the tactics used in Napoleon’s day.我们研究在拿破仑时代用过的策略。
e.g.2.In grandmother’s day, skirts were long.在祖母那个时代，裙子都很长。
e.g.3.in my school days在我读书的时代
篇9：UNIT 18 单元巩固练习(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
课时 Period 1 成绩
一． 单词拼写
1． He _rejected___________(拒绝) my offer of help.
2． Is there any ___possibility_____________(可能性) of having a sunny weekend?
3． Doctors say there is a --connection between smoking and lung cancer.
4． His students in English are alse his otherwise_____________(其他方面) teachers.
5． Why does the officer not want to give Mr.Jones a p_atent___________ for his new invention?
二 选择题
C 1．I felt very disappointed when my repeated request that I join the club was_____.
A.replaced B.resisted Crejected D.removed
D 2.He was very busy yesterday ;otherwise ,he _____to the meeting .
A. might come B.came C.must have come D.would have come
B3.He is quite _____of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A.eager B.aware C.sensitive D.serious
A 4.That room, which_____the rest of the house by a long passage, was completely empty.
A.was connected to B.was connecting to
C.connected to D.connected with
C 5.A man is being questioned in relation to the _____murder last night.
A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted
C 6.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_____as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating
A 7.Bobert is said _____abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying
B 8.An awful accident ______,however,occur the other day.
A.does B.did C.has to D.had to
A 9.________you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as
三 完型填空 阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案完成短文。
One time when we no longer children and not yet man, we seized a hunting dog and took her to the Pool that Forgets. We____ her into the pool, and we all____ to see her come up. We waited from morning till evening but -____never came up. We knew that the _____ had forgetten her. When we were children, our grandfathers told us the river was called the Pool that Forgets because when anything falls into it, the pool forgets to send it to the __again.
But this particular day when we were_____ from the raid(袭击), everyone had taken a trophy(猎获品)______ my brother. Maybe that was why he was talking when we were whispering and why he _____ to sound as though he had no_____. My brother was forced to walk behind us.That is the position of honour and dishonour.As an honour,the ______ men are placed there to_______us when we return ,but sometimes those who have not shown the strength are placed there to be laughed at for_________.I think my brother ______this,because as we reached the pool ,he ran ______us. He stopped at the ______to the gray rock above the pool and stood there with_____trying to look stronger than he was.
“Heroes of the only world!” he shouted, “Watch me. I am not___ the Pool that Forgets.”
And with those words,he dived and ______into the pool and we saw nothing more. We stared over edge of the ______.Our eyes staring into the circle of terror produced by_______.
A1. A surface B bottom C bank D edge
D2. A put B sent C brought D threw
B3. A decided B waited C promised D agreed
C4. A he B it C she D they
B5. A dog B pool C children D me
D6, Asetting out B starting off C moving on D returning
C7. A besides B including C except D more than
A8. A tried B hoped C learned D stopped
B9. A worry Bfear C courage D wish
A10.A strongest B weakest C cleverest D luckiest
D11.A save B support C satisfy D protect
C12 A poverty B mistake C weakness D carelessness
A13 A understood B apologised C guessed D accepted
D14 A behind B among C before D ahead of
B15 A surface B edge C top D bottom
C16 A a simple B anger C pride D pleasure
A17 A afraid of B fond of C proud of D surprised at
D18 A dropped B swam C buried D disappeared
B19 A pool B rock C my brother D word
C20 A the hunting dog B my brother C the Pool that Forgets D our grandfathers
Unit 18 Inventions
班级 姓名 学号
课时 Period 2 成绩
一． 单项选择
A 1.I shall never forget the day_____Shenzhou V was launched,______has a great effect on my
life.
A.when,which B.that,which C.which that D.when ,that
B 2.Ithink you’ve got to the point ______a change is needed, or you would fail.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
D 3.The couse normally attracts 20students a year,_____up to half will be from abroad.
A.in which B.for whom C.with which D.of whom
A 4.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things ,_____is often the case in other countries.
A.as B.that C.so D.it
A 5.It was in the street ____I live_____I met Mr. Green.
A.where,that B.where,which C./,where D.that,which
A 6.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly ______he wants.
A.what B.which C.when D.that
B7..After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(96)
A.which B.where C.that D.when
D8．Carol said the work would be done by October.＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much.(99)
A. it B.that C.when D.which
B 9.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price B.the price of which
C.its price D.the price of whose
A 10._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.AsB.ItC.That D.Which
B 11.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same
A 12.Oh the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A.whoseB.of which C.whichD.its
B 13.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.thatD.when
B 13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there
二 阅读理解
Beijing Weekend's Free Ads Section aims to help readers to find what they need．We include anything from language exchange to personal ads and property to rent. Send us brief details, including a way to get in touch with you, and we'll do the rest. Please e-mail: bjweek@chinadaily.com.cn or fax us at 6494-4507．
Employment
5-star private club looking for assistant sales manager, fluent in Mandarin and English. Experienced in this area a plus. Local salary plus meals. Send resume（个人简历）to: tccbmem@jpublic.bta.net.cn..
Language exchange
Chinese girl at Sichuan University seeks exchange partner, would like to practice conversational English with native speakers. E-mail：zgzl@ yahoo.com.cn．
Matthew, 27，is an Australian English teacher living in Beijing. Looking for someone to teach
me Chinese in exchange for English．Contact me at: matthew@hotmail.com．
For rent
One apartment. Beautiful place, convenient to a big shopping mall and subways. Three bed-rooms, newly furnished and well decorated（装修）．Price US $500 per month. Contact: Mr. Wang 13657684142.
1．This reading material must be taken from ___C__．
A. a newspaper B. a book C．a dictionary D. instructions of a new product
2．The underlined word contact means __B___.
A. go to B．write to C ．keep in touch with D. telephone
3. If you want to have a personal advertisement, you may send a message to __C___．
A. zgzl@yahoo.com.cn B．matthew@hotmail.com
C. tccbmem@ public.bta.net.cn D. bjweek@chinadaily.com.en
4. If you want to get the job in the private club, you must be __A___．
A. good at speaking Putonghua and English as well as experienced in the field
B．good at speaking Putonghua and English
C．experienced in the field D. good at cooking meals
Unit 18 Inventions
班级 姓名 学号
课时 Period 3 成绩
一． 翻译短语
1． 顾及，为。。。作准备 allow for
2． 被困住，被陷住 get stuck
3． 保持联系 keep track of
4． 冲破，脱离 break away from
5． 意识到 be aware of
6． 与。。。相似 be similar to
7． 既然，由于 now that
8． 以这么快的速度 at such a high pace
9． 与。。。有联系 be connected to
10． 毕竟，终究，到底 after all
二 改错
1． Unluckily Ihave made the same mistake in the maths test that he made last.
That----as
2. Our Chinese people shouldn’t look down upon ourselves but should be confident,
our -----we
3.The park where I used to come to when young is being rebuilt now.
where---which 或 去to
4.There are three daughters in this family, all of who work as doctors.
Who---whom
5.It’s hard for him to get a driving permit who can let him drive the car freely.
Who----which
6.I lived in a part of town ten years ago which there were no schools.
Which ----where
7.To “think outside the box” is to try for new ways to solve a problem.
去 for
8.We probably all want to find new ways to improve our life better.
Improve ---make 或 去better
9.Anywhere we go, we can hear about the ringing of a cellphone and the tapping on a keyboard.
去 about
10.Creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high IQ or smart.
Or 后加 being
三．阅读理解
Have you ever imagined what kind of car we will be driving in ? It will be rather different from the type we know today, with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50. The people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate(促进，加快) the pace of the car’s development. Today they are students on the transport design course at London’s Royal College of Art.
Their vision is of a machine with there wheels instead of four. electrically powered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along “intelligent” roads equipped with built-in(内置的) power supplies. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city.
Instead of today’s seating arrangements-two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward-the car will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.
This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated(复杂的) road system, with strips built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them. Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is to say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.
1. A future car will use electrical power, because it is A .
A. safer B. cheaper C. cleaner D. faster
2. A future car will have all the following features(特点) EXCEPT B .
A. being three-wheeled B. running without anyone in it
C. driving along special roads C. with a versatile seating arrangement
3. The underlined sentence “with strips built…passing along them” means that there will be D .
A. many traffic lights to control the speed of future cars
B. many street posts to indicate directions for drivers
C. many power sources along roads supplying power to cars.
D. many stop marks along the street to stop cars.
4. What is the main idea of the text? A
A. Future cars will be completely different from the automobiles we know today.
B. The design of future cars will be more sophisticated.
C. Because of the new type of cars. our future environment will become cleaner.
D. The road system will become more sophisticated than it is today.
高二英语周五作文训练
书面表达(满分25分)
某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天
的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数100左右。
生词。图表chart
书面表达参考答案
Chart l shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on dif-
ferent after-class activities. The students put the most time--93 minutes-into their home-
work, and the rest is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same
amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes
each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.
As is shown on Chart 2, only 10 percent of the time is taken up with sports activities. I
think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way,
they may be healthier and more energetic.
篇10：高二英语Unit 18(全)(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Ⅰ.Brief Statements Based on the Unit
This unit provides the students good English language materials.Their interest in creating something useful will be aroused.In the first period,we’ll begin with how the students come to school.Then problems such as flat tyre will come up.In order to solve the problem,we’ll see a new type of bicycle and other new inventions.While talking about them,the students’ speaking ability will be improved.Listening is about two men,who want patents.After listening to it,the students will improve their listening ability.And students will practise how to express and support an opinion in the speaking part.In the second period,the text will be dealt with.The students’ interest of creation will be greatly aroused.Students will improve their reading ability as well as master the useful words and expressions.In the third period,some useful words and expressions will be mastered by the students after they finish the exercises.Also,the Attributive clause is reviewed in this period.In the last period,students will learn some useful words and expressions from the reading passage.And the students are asked to write an article describing a computer to improve their writing ability.After Ss study the whole unit,their abilities to listen,speak,read and write will be improved.
Ⅱ.Teaching Goals
1.Talk about inventions.
2.Practise expressing and supporting an opinion.
3.Review the Attributive Clause.
4.Write a process essay.
Ⅲ.Background Information
1.Practical Computer English
Cannot open list file(不能打开清单文件)
Cannot open run file(不能打开运行文件)
Compare process ended(比较处理结束)
Compare more files(Y/N)(还作文件比较吗？)
Copy complete(拷贝完成)
Copy another(Y/N)（还要拷贝另一个吗？）
Under finded line number(未定义行号)
Directory entries adjusted(目录页已调整)
Disk boot failure(磁盘自举失败)
Disk not compatible(磁盘不兼容)
Data record too large(数据记录太大)
Entry error(登记项错误)
Error loading operating system(装入操作系统的错误)
File sharing conflict(文件共享的冲突)
Files are different sizes(文件大小不同)
Files compare OK(文件比较成功)
Incorrect parameter(参数不正确)
Insufficient disk space(磁盘空间不足)
Insufficient memory(内存空间不足)
Can’t continue(不可能继续)
Device fault(设备故障)
Device I/O error(I/O设备错)
Device timeout(设备超时)
Disk full(磁盘满)
Disk write protect(磁盘写保护)
Disk not ready(磁盘没准备好)
Division by zero(除数为零)
Duplicate definition(重复定义)
File already exists(文件已经存在)
File already open(文件已打开)
File not found(文件没找到)
FOR without NEXT(For语句中没有对应的next语句)
Illegal direct(非法的直接使用)
Illegal function call(非法函数调用)
Incorrect DOS version(不正确的DOS版本)
Internal error(内部错误)
out of data(数据不够)
out of memory(超内存)
out of paper(打印纸不够)
overflow(溢出)
Path not found(路径没找到)
String too long(字符串过长)
Subscript out of range(下标范围不够)
Syntax error(句法错误)
Too many files(文件过多)
Type mismatch(类型不匹配)
Access denied(存取被拒绝)
Backup file sequence error(后备文件顺序错误)
Bad or missing command interpreter(非法的或缺少命令解释程序)
Bad partition table(非法的区分表)
Bad unit(非法的装置)
Batch file missing(批处理文件丢失)
Cannot execute FORMAT(不能执行FORMAT)
Cannot find system files(找不到系统文件)
Cannot open overlay(不能打开覆盖段)
2.TV of the Future
Where is television going from here?Television,the box itself and what it does,is changing greatly.While nobody is really sure what it’s going to look like,TV and the Internet are coming silently together.In the old days of broadcasting,people used to say that the real miracle(奇迹)of television was turning air into money.The television miracle of the future is interactive(相互影响的).
“The Internet is the most significant change in creating what becomes the next mass media that I think any of us will experience in our lifetime,”says Tom Frank,a network expert.Using unused lines in the TV spectrum(范围),broadcasters are learning how to put brand-new interactivity into TV programs.There will be a little instrument that will indicate that interactivity is present and possible.Then,just will a standard remote control like this you would be able to press one button and say,start that interactivity.A menu would appear,similar to the one on a web site,that would let you interact with the program as it was being broadcast.If you are watching a cooking show,for example,you can print the recipe(烹饪法)or even pause the show and buy the ingredients.Many web sites do exist now where you can actually get your food shopping done for yourself and delivered to your house.So you can order the very ingredients for the dish you are watching the chef make on TV.And it will bring the right quantity of things directly to your house.
You could also interact with TV commercials.While you’re watching a commercial,you have the choice to buy the clothes the actors are wearing.Of course,the more you interact with this new sort of TV,the more you leave a digital record,and the more advertisers learn about your shopping habits.In fact,TV ads might be targeted at this special group of people who share a common interest.In the future,almost anything might be possible.Even news programs like World News Tonight could be improved.You could have the choice of changing camera angles.If you wanted,you could pause what a reporter is saying and go back to World News Tonight to watch the next story,or skip to the last story in the show,or perhaps go deeper into a topic and view an interview prepared for Nightline later on.In the near future,you’re expected to see television develop to become more like the Internet,meaning more choice,the ability to do the sorts of things you want to do at the moment you wish to do them.
Ⅳ.Teaching Time:Five periods
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Improve the students’ listening ability.
2.Talk about some topics about inventions and practise supporting an opinion.
3.Learn and master some useful words and expressions.
Teaching Important Point:
Train the students’ listening and speaking abilities by talking about and listening to some materials.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to help students to improve their listening ability.
2.How to help the students to learn to express and support an opinion.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion to make students talk about inventions.
2.Individual or pair work to make students practise their speaking ability.
3.Listening practice to improve the students’ listening ability.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
3.some cards
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Warming-up and Discussion
T:(Walk to one student.)How do you come to school every day,Wang Jing?
S:I come to school on foot every day.My home is quite near.It only takes me about ten minutes.
T:That’s quite convenient.You’re lucky.And,Li Fang,how about you?
S:I come to school by bike.It takes me about 15 minutes to get to our school.
T:You must be careful on your way to and from school.There must be many people on the road.Do you think it convenient?
S:Most of the time it is,but sometimes my bike has a flat tyre.I have to get it repaired and therefore I’ll be late for school.Once I even lost my bike.When I went to get it,it was gone.I had to take a taxi to go home and buy another bike.
T:I’m sorry to hear that.But suppose a new type of bike has been invented,what do you want it to be like?
S:I think the new type of bike can be folded up and carried about so that it will not be stolen.
T:Good idea.But this is not very convenient.It’s not easy for you to carry a bike around,is it?
S:No,it isn’t.What should it look like then?Please tell us.
T:OK.Let’s watch the short video.
(Play the video for explaining how an inflatable bicycle works.)
T:That’s the new type of bike.It’s a kind of inflatable bicycle.Who can tell us the advantages of it?
S:Let me have a try.We’ll not have to worry about having our bikes stolen again.Because we can let the air out and put the bike in bag.It’s very convenient to be carried around since it is not heavy.
T:Very good.I think I’ll buy one when it is on sale.We know that inventions can make our life easier and better.Today we’ll talk about some inventions.
(Stick the pictures of electric shoes,inflatable bicycle,edible chopsticks and nose-top computer on the blackboard and then mark one,two,three and four.)
① ②
③ ④
T:Look at these pictures,please.Do you know what they are?Li Jie,will you have a try?
S:I think the second invention is the inflatable bike that we’ve just talked about.In the third picture,the man is eating the chopsticks after his meal.I guess these chopsticks are edible ones.I’m not sure about the others.
T:Good.You’re right.The second one is the inflatable bicycle.(Bb:inflatable bicycle)and the third are edible chopsticks.(Bb:edible chopsticks)They’re delicious and environmentally friendly. We can save some trees and have a snack at the same time.They come in five different flavours. You will never need to wash chopsticks again.Isn’t this wonderful?
S:Yes,it’s great.But,Miss Guo,maybe we could invent edible plates,bowls,cups and so on.
T:Oh,you’re great!I’m sure you have got a wonderful idea.Maybe one day you can invent such things.Study hard and you’ll be an inventor in the future.Now,let’s look at the first picture.Who knows what it is?
S:I think it is a special kind of shoe which can make electricity.If we wear such shoes,we can see the road in dark places.We needn’t take a flashlight with us any more.
S:I don’t quite agree with you.Maybe this shoe can make you feel warm using the electricity it makes.
T:You both are very clever.This is called the electric shoe.(Bb:electric shoe)The heel of this shoe is a machine that makes electricity with every step you take.You will never need batteries again.But maybe you have better ideas about how to make use of the electricity it makes.If you like,you could have a try to make your own invention in your spare time.Now,let’s look at the fourth picture.Does anybody have an idea?
S:It looks like a computer which is fixed onto the man’s nose.And the keyboard is on his vest.I can’t believe it.
T:Yes,you’re quite right.This is called the nose-top computer.(Bb:nose-top computer)This new nose-top computer weighs less than a pair of glasses.It fits comfortably on your nose.When you want to type something you can use the keyboard vest.You will never have to carry a heavy laptop computer.These inventions are all wonderful.But which of them do you think would be useful?Please have a discussion in groups of four and tell us why you think so.
(Ss have their discussions in groups of four for about five minutes.Teacher may ask one group to act out their discussion or report their results.)
Sample dialogue:
A:I think the inflatable bicycle would be useful.Because it’s convenient to carry and we needn’t worry about having our bikes stolen.
B:That’s quite true,but I think the edible chopsticks are useful.Because it not only saves trees but also saves water.It is very important to save our natural resources and protect our earth.
C:You’re quite right,but I have a different opinion.I think the nose-top computer is useful.Because the computer is used more and more widely.It’s convenient to carry such a computer around when doing business.
…
Step Ⅲ Preparation for Listening
T:We know that when someone has invented something,usually he will go to a patent officer to apply for a patent.Now,let’s listen to two dialogues.In these two dialogues,Mr Dean and Mr Scoles both have invented something.They’re trying to get the patent for their inventions from the patent officer.Before we listen to the tape,go through the questions on Page 15 by yourselves,and see what we should do after listening.
Step Ⅳ Listening
T:(A few minutes later.)Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Listen carefully and answer the questions first on your own and then check your answers with your partner.
(Play the tape twice for students to listen to and then answer the questions.Play it a third time for students to check their answers.Allow the students a few minutes to check their answers in pairs.At last,check the answers with the whole class.)
Step ⅤSpeaking
T:Well done.Now,you’ve known how to apply for a patent.Let’s play a game.Each of you will be given a role card.Work in groups of five:four inventors and one patent officer.Each inventor should explain how the invention works and why it is useful.The patent officers should ask questions and decide if each invention is a good idea or not.And I’ll show you some useful expressions to help you.
(Hand out the role cards and show the useful expressions on the multimedia.)
Useful Expressions:
This invention can help people…
What does it look like?
What’s it made of?
This is a new way of…
How does it work?
How would people use it?
This new invention will make it possible for people to…
(Students work in groups of five and have a discussion for about five minutes.Then the teacher may ask some groups to act out their discussion.)
Sample dialogue:
(A-Inventor A;B-Inventor B;C-Inventor C;D-Inventor D;P-Patent officer)
P:Now,please explain how your inventions work and why they are useful.Your invention is a car that uses water instead of petrol,isn’t it?
A:Yes,that’s right.
P:What does it look like?
A:It looks like an ordinary car.Here’s the picture.Please have a look.
P:Oh,it looks beautiful.What’s it made of?
A:It’s made of a new kind of alloy,which is much lighter.
P:Does it cost more?
A:A little bit.But it can save much more energy,so lots of money is saved.Besides,there is something even more important.It is good for our environment.It doesn’t pollute the air.
P:Sounds great.Thank you.And what’s your invention,sir?
B:My invention is a flying bicycle.
P:A flying bicycle?How would people use it?
B:People can ride it on the road and when there are too many bicycles,people can fly it.Just push one button on the handle,the bicycle will fly.
P:How does it work?
B:It works like a small plane.It has a special engine.
P:This is a new way to improve our traffic condition.Thank you.(To C)Would you please explain your new invention to me?
C:My invention is a machine that makes it possible for people to know the future.
P:How would people use it?
C:People just input their date of birth,hobbies,dislikes and anything about themselves,and then press the button,wait for a moment,and they will see the result on the screen.
P:That’s interesting.Thank you.(To D)What’s your invention,please?
D:It’s a pen that can automatically translate what you write into a foreign language.
P:Good.It can help people communicate freely with foreign friends.People needn’t study foreign languages hard any more.But,maybe it will make it more difficult for people to communicate orally.They will have to write down what they want to say.This is not convenient. For the flying bicycle,what if there was something wrong with it when it was flying in the air?I think it would be rather dangerous for the people walking on the ground.Maybe the bike would fall onto them and cause an accident.Of course the rider would be in danger,too.For the machine that makes people know the future,I don’t think it’s a good idea for us to know our future too early.I think the most useful invention is the car that uses water instead of petrol.So I will give the inventor of this new car a patent.
A:Thank you,sir.
Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework
T:Today we’ve learnt how to express and support an opinion.And we’ve learnt how to apply for a patent when you have made an invention.Many of you have wonderful ideas about new inventions.Study hard now and I believe you’ll make your own inventions in the future.In the next period,we’ll read about how to be creative and how to be an inventor.It’ll be very useful for you.Preview the reading part carefully after class,please.OK.That’s all for today.See you tomorrow!
Ss:See you tomorrow!
Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18 Inventions
The First Period
① ②
electric shoe inflatable bicycle
③ ④
edible chopsticks nose-top computer
The second period
Ⅰ Teaching Aims:
Learn and master some new and important language points;
Improve the Ss’ reading ability by reading and comprehending the text;
Get the Ss to learn how to be creative.
Ⅱ Teaching Focuses:
The main idea of the text.
Finish all the reading comprehension exercises.
The four thinking strategies.
Ⅲ Teaching Methods:
Question-and-answer activity. Some games.
Group work, pair work or individual work to make every student work in class.
Ⅳ Teaching Aids:
1．A multi-media computer 2．A tape recorder and a tape.
Ⅴ Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Lead - in
Show a picture of a bulb to the students. Ask: Who invented it?
Then show the portrait of Edison to the students. Ask: Do you know anything about his childhood? If they don’t, tell them sth. about his schooling, and then say: People are not born creative, and you don’t have to be very intelligent to be an inventor. We can learn to be creative. Today we’ll learn how to be creative.
Step 2 Pre-reading
Scan the title and the four sub-titles, and guess what’s the text about?
A. how to become a great thinker
B. how to improve your IQ
C. how to become more creative
Step 3 Fast-reading
1.What’s creative thinking?
It is one of skills and habits.
2.How do people come up with ideas for new inventions? In how many ways?
By good thinking strategies.
Step 4 Careful-reading
T: well, now let’s read the text carefully by listening to and reading after the tape one paragragh after another. You are required to finish off all the comprehension tasks for each part.
Part 1: general idea.
Part 2: What is to “think outside the box”?
To think outside the box is to try new ways to solve a problem.
To rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “impossible” or “crazy”solutions.
To make a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns.
Game 1: How do you connect all the dots with only four straight lines?
Game 2:
Mike’s father is a policeman. Why did Mike recognize him among his workmates though they were all in uniform?
Who never goes to see a doctor,even when he is ill ?
It is leaking( 漏水 ) everywhere in the office on a rainy day, why nobody has got wet?
The plane crashed, but there were nobody injured. Why?
Why a river richer than a bank?
Part 3: Take another look at it
a change in perception
to look at a problem in as many way as possible
Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities.
Game 3:
Can you only see a pot? Pay attention to the dark!
Two faces!
Part 4: Make connections
try to combine new and old ideas in as many different ways as possible
try to make connections that may seem strange at first
think of new applications and solutions
Part 5: Keep trying
develop new ideas even when they were tired or did not feel inspired
For each new invention that works, there are at least ten that do not.
Step 5 Post-reading
1. Match the examples with the right titles:
Example 1: think outside the box.
Examples 2&3: keep trying
Example 4: take another look at it.
Example5: make connections.
2. T or F exercises.
1) Most inventors have high IQs.
2) The things we know can sometimes make it more difficult for us to understand.
3) It’s impossible to learn how to be creative.
4) The best way to find a good solution is to look for one good answer.
5) Inventors try to avoid failure.
6) The more ways we have of looking at a problem, the more likely it is that we can find a solution.
7) Most good ideas are the result of a long process of trial and error.
3.Reading comprehension.
1) We can get the conclusion from the fifth paragraph that ____ A. to be clever can lead to success B. he who laughs last laughs best
C. failure is the mother of success D. never too old to learn
2). The sentence “ good ideas are no accident” means the following except that ____
A. Good ideas never come by chance. B. The accident is not caused by good ideas.
C. To be successful needs many trials and errors.
D. Failures can also help us move towards a better solution.
3). Another proper title for the text is probably ____
A.Creativity B.Great thinkers C. How to solve problems D. Connection
Step 6 Discussion (Groupwork):
1. How do you understand the title of the passage?
If we want to be creative, we should follow these rules---think outside the box, take another look at it, make connections and keep trying. These rules also work when we solve a problem .
2. What other rules should you have if we want to be creative?
3. Of all the rules discussed above, which one do you think is the most important? Why?
Step 7: Homework
P 61 Exx 1 & 2.P 131 Exx 1, 2&3.
Ⅵ Bb writing
On slides. No writing on the Bb
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the useful expressions learnt in this unit.
2.Learn the derivatives of some words.
3.Review the Attributive Clause.
Teaching Important Points:
1.The useful expressions learnt in this unit.
2.Review the Attributive Clause.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help students master the Attributive Clause.
Teaching Methods:
1.Review method to consolidate the useful expressions learnt in the last two periods.
2.Practise to help students master the derivatives of some words.
3.Different kinds of practice to help students master the Attributive Clause.
4.Pair work and individual work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
3.some pictures and cards
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Grammar
T:Today we’ll play a game first.(Stick some pictures of famous people on the blackboard.Cf:The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.)Look at the blackboard,please.These are pictures of some famous people.Do you know them?Maybe you’re familiar with some of them,but maybe others are strange to you.Don’t worry.I’ll give you some cards.There’s one sentence on each card.The sentence describes a famous person.Guess the name of the person first and then match the card with the picture.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher hands out some cards on which are the sentences in Word puzzle.)
T:Now,please have a short discussion to find out who the person is and then match the card with the picture.When you find out the answer,please come to the blackboard,stick the card and write the name below the picture.
(Students prepare for a moment and then they begin to match the cards with the pictures.)
T:Have they matched the cards with the pictures correctly and got the correct names?
Ss:Yes.
(If there’re any mistakes,teacher may ask some students to correct them.)
T:OK.Now,fill in the word puzzle using the names of the people that you’ve just found out.
(Stick on the blackboard a piece of paper with the word puzzle on it.)
(A moment later,ask several students to write down their answers.Cf:The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.)
T:Do you agree with them?
Ss:Yes,they’re quite right.
T:Good.These people are all famous people.Look at the sentences on the cards.What do you find?
S:I find that there is an Attributive Clause in each sentence,restrictive or non-restrictive.
T:Yes,you’re a careful girl.This game is also for you to review the Attributive Clause.Read these sentences again and find out the Attributive Clause in each sentence.
(A moment later,ask some students to say their answers.)
Suggested answers:
Across:
1.…,whose name is always linked with his cartoon characters,such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.
2.…,who was born in Germany but spent his last years in the USA.
3.…,among whose big inventions are electric lighting and the motion picture camera.
4.…,whose many great films were City Lights and Modern Times.
5.…,who died in a plane crash in .
6.…,whose famous songs include Blowing In The Wind.
7.…,who discovered the Law of Gravity.
Down:
1.…,who lived in China before the Liberation.
2.…,who fought for the freedom of slaves in the USA.
3.…,who was Adam’s wife.
4.…,whose ideas about the future have often become reality,…
5.…,who later bravely fought against the British invasion and saved her country and people.
T:We’ve learnt a lot about the Attributive Clause before.We know that it is a very important grammar item,so let’s do some more exercises to consolidate it.Turn to Page 61,and finish Exercise 2 in Grammar part.
(Allow the students a few minutes to finish it and then check the answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.The wires with which the machines were connected were very old.
2.Leonardo da Vinci,who was interested in both literature and science,painted the famous“Smiling Mona Lisa”.
3.The pilot with whom we had dinner told us stories about his travels.
4.The four ancient Chinese inventions,which we are proud of,have remained important in human history for thousands of years.
5.Mozart,whose music is well liked by people all over the world,showed his talent in music at a very young age.
6.The photos are kept in that cupboard in which/where we found our parents’ old photos.
7.The country from which this news report is coming is on the other side of the world.
8.One of the first inventions of human beings was the wheel,which we don’t know who first invented.
T:In this unit,we have learnt a lot about new inventions and famous inventors.Now,let’s do an exercise using what we’ve learnt in this unit to review the Attributive Clause.Turn to Page 61 and finish Exercise 1 in Grammar part,please.Finish them first by yourselves and then you may discuss your answers in pairs.
(A few minutes later,ask some students to read out their answers.Students may have various answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.…can be used at home or in an office.
2.…it is not convenient to use a desktop computer.
3.…businesses are busy.
4.…you can obtain a patent for your invention.
5.…we need something more useful or more convenient to satisfy the needs of people.
6.…invents things.
7.…are both delicious and environmentally friendly./can be eaten.
Step Ⅲ Word Study
T:As you know,there are a lot of useful expressions in this unit.Let’s do some exercises to review them.
(Show the following on the multimedia and allow the students a couple of minutes to finish it.)
Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions.
1.I’m tired__________washing clothes by hand.I’ll buy a washing machine tomorrow.
2.You’ve got to break away__________old thought patterns in order to develop creative thinking.
3.She was telling us about her sick mother when she suddenly broke__________tears.
4.The students like physics classes because the way their teacher teaches allows__________creativity.
5.I don’t want to keep the hen any more;I’ll exchange it__________twenty eggs.
6.During a test,it’s always wise to move on when you get stuck__________a difficult problem and come back to it later.
(A moment later,ask some students to say their answers and then check them with the whole class.Give some explanations when necessary.)
Suggested answers:
1.of(be tired of doing sth.)
2.from(break away from…)
3.into(break into tears/a house)
4.for(allow for…)
5.for(exchange A for B)
6.by(get stuck by…)
T:Well done!After class you should read these sentences more to master the use of the phrases in them.Now,let’s do another practice.
(Show the following on the multimedia.)
Change the form of the following words.
trial→__________(v.)
application→__________(v.)
produce→__________(adj.)
fail→__________(n.)
involvement→__________(v.)
eraser→__________(v.)
inspiration→__________(v.)
possible→__________(n.)
deep→__________(v.)
awareness→__________(adj.)
Suggested answers:
trial→try(v.)
application→apply(v.)
produce→productive(adj.)
fail→failure(n.)
involvement→involve(v.)
eraser→erase(v.)
inspiration→inspire(v.)
possible→possibility(n.)
deep→deepen(v.)
awareness→aware(adj.)
StepⅣ Summary and Homework
T:Today we’ve reviewed some useful expressions and words we learnt before.Also we’ve done some practice to review the Attributive Clause.After class,you should do more practice to master them better.Besides,try to solve the riddles in Part 14 on Page 62.That’s all for today.See you tomorrow!
Ss:See you tomorrow!
Step Ⅴ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18 Inventions
The Third Period
Walt Disney Albert Einstein
Abraham Lincoln Newton
John Denver Charlie Chaplin
Word puzzle:
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn a reading passage to improve the students’ reading ability.
2.Do some writing practice to improve the students’ writing ability.
3.Learn some useful words and expressions.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students’ integrating skills.
2.Review the Attributive Clause.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to improve the students’ integrating skills.
Teaching Methods:
1.Reading and understanding to improve the students’ reading ability.
2.Writing practice to improve the students’ writing ability.
3.Individual or pair work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step ⅡLead-in and Reading
T:How many of you have a computer at home?Please put up your hands.
(Some students put up their hands.)
Good.Most of you have a computer.What do you do with your computer?
S:I search for information on the Internet.And sometimes I play games with it.
T:Does anybody do anything else with it?
S:I sometimes draw pictures or type something.
S:For me,I sometimes send e-mails to my friends.
S:I listen to the music.
S:I watch football matches.
…
T:Do you think the computer is really useful to you?
S:Not exactly.I can also do these things without a computer.I can go to a library to look for the information that I need.But it’s much quicker and more convenient if I use a computer.
S:I can listen to the music on a tape recorder.
S:I can watch football matches on TV.
…
T:You’re quite right.New technology is often used in old ways.Now,please have a discussion in groups of four to complete the chart shown on the screen.
(Show the following on the screen and give the students a moment to have a discussion.)
Technology Usage
Computer Used as a typewriter
--------
--------
The Internet Used as a library
--------
--------
------ --------
--------
--------
(After a few minutes,ask several students to say their answers.Students may have various answers.)
Suggested answers:
Technology Usage
Computer Used as:
a typewriter
a projector
a video game player
a drawing board
The Internet Used as:
a library
a TV
a telephone
a radio
Used to:
send e-mails
read news from home and abroad
Cellphone Used as:
a telephone
a telephone directory
a video game player
a watch/calendar
an alarm clock
Used to:
send information to others
T:Well done!Now,let’s read the passage about new technology carefully.Try to find out the answers to the two questions on the screen.After you finish,you may have a discussion in pairs.
(The following questions are shown on the screen.)
1.Why are scientific metaphors like “memory”and“cut and paste” useful?How may they limit our thinking?
2.Think of more words we use to talk about computers and Internet.How well do they describe the things or actions they are used for?Are there other words we could use that might be better?
(A moment later,check the answers with the whole class.Students may have various answers to the second question.)
Suggested answers:
1.They make it easier for us to understand and use a new tool.They may make it more difficult for us to use the new invention in the best way.
2.Words like:copy,file,delete,lock,enter,return,store
Step Ⅲ Explanation
T:Now,I think you’ve understood the passage well.Please look at the screen.I’ll explain some expressions that you must master.Please listen carefully.
(The multimedia shows the following.)
Language Points:
1.sb. be said to be…
e.g.He is said to be a good basketball player when he was young.
2.A be similar to B
e.g.His new bike is similar to mine.
3.be different from
e.g.Our life is different from what it was ten years ago.
4.now that
e.g.Now that you’ve grown up,you must stop this childish behaviour.
(Explain the notes to students and write the following on the blackboard:sb. be said to be;A be similar to B;be different from;now that.)
Step Ⅳ Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now,let’s listen to the tape carefully.You can read after it when I play it the second time.Pay more attention to your stress.Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let’s begin.
(Play the tape twice for students to listen and repeat.After listening to the tape,students are allowed to read the passage aloud for a while.At last,ask some of them to read the text.One student,one paragraph.)
Step ⅤWriting
T:Just now,we’ve talked about computers.Most of you have a desktop computer at home.(Stick a picture of a desktop computer on the blackboard.)And as you can see,I’m using a laptop computer.(Stick a picture of laptop computer on the blackboard.)These are the most popular computers that we can find.But have you heard that a new type of computer-the palmtop computer,has been invented?
Ss:No.
T:It doesn’t matter.(Stick a picture of a palmtop computer on the blackboard.)Look at the picture.This is a palmtop computer.We know from the picture that a palmtop computer is a kind of computer that we can put on our palm.It’s very small,light and convenient to carry about.Do you like it?
Ss:Yes,I wish I could have one.
T:Certainly you’ll have one someday in the future.From these three pictures we know that computers are getting smaller and smaller.They’re becoming more and more convenient to be carried about.Can you guess what the first computer was like?
S:I guess it must have been a very big one.
T:You’re quite right.(Stick the picture of the Eniac on the blackboard.)Look,this is the first computer.It is as big as a house.Maybe you can’t imagine how big it is.But it doesn’t matter.What we need to know is that computers are becoming smaller and smaller,lighter and lighter.What do you think they will look like in the future and how we will use them?Who’d like to tell us your opinion?
S:Let me try.I think computers may look like a watch or a cellphone in the future.They will become even smaller.We can use them to watch TV,read books,search for information,chat with our friends,check the date and the time,and send information to others.
T:Very good.Now,imagine that you had to describe a computer to someone who lived in the 19th century.How would you explain it?What would you compare it to?You may have a short discussion in groups of three and then write a short description.
(Allow the students a few minutes to discuss and write their compositions.If time limits,allow the students to finish their writing after class.)
Sample description:
Have you seen a computer?Let me tell you something about it.A computer is an electric calculating machine that can store and recall information and make calculations at very high speed.It is a wonderful machine and can do most of the things people can do,but it can work millions of times faster.The first large,modern computer was built in 1946,and people needed a large house to put it in.In the last few years there have been great changes in computers.Today they can be used in many fields.People even use it to pay their bills or order what they want.It is said that in the future computers would arrange everything for people,and do almost all kinds of work.That would be a real computer society!
Step ⅥSummary and Homework
T:Today we’ve read a passage about the scientific metaphors.We’ve talked more about new technology too.In this unit we also learnt how to become more creative by practising good thinking strategies.They can be used to study English,too.Read the tips on Page 64 carefully and try the ideas in future.They’re helpful for your study of English.Besides,we’ve reviewed the Attributive Clause.After class,you should do more practice by yourselves to master it better.Finally,have a discussion with your partner to find the answers to the two questions in Checkpoint 18 on Page 64.I’ll check your answers tomorrow.OK.That’s all for today.
…
Suggested answers:
1.Rephrase,impossible,crazy,break away from,explore,combine,trial,…
2.Convenient,environmentally,friendly,automatically,…
Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18 Inventions
The Fourth Period
Language Points:
sb. be said to be…
be different from
A be similar to B
now that
Computers:
The Fifth Period
The Attributive Clause
Teaching Aims:
1.Revise the Attributive Clause,including the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
2.Revise the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
3.Expand the knowledge of the Attributive Clause.
Teaching Important Point:
The usage of the relative pronouns and adverbs.
Teaching Difficult Point:
Help the students to master the way of choosing a relative pronoun or a relative adverb correctly.
Teaching Methods:
review,explanation,inductive methods
Teaching Aids:
1.the blackboard
2.the multimedia
Teaching Procedures:
Step ⅠGreetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Lead-in
(Teacher checks the homework exercises first and then shows the following on the screen.)
1.He is a famous scientist.
2.Who’s that girl in red?
3.I’ve read all the books that you lent me.
4.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
T:That’s all for the homework.Now please look at the sentences on the screen.Pay special attention to the underlined parts.Is there anything in common between them?
Ss:Yes.They all identify the nouns,which are used with them.Each part tells us which thing or person the speaker is talking about.
T:That is to say,the function of each underlined part is the same.Each of them is used as an attribute to describe each noun.Well,are there any differences between them?
S1:Yes.In the first sentence,the attribute is an adjective and put before the noun;the second is a prepositional phrase put after the noun;the third and fourth sentences are full sentences put after the nouns.
T:You are right,what do we call the sentences put after the noun?
Ss:The Attributive Clause.
T:Quite right.In a complex sentence,the clause modifying a noun or a pronoun in the main clause is called an Attributive Clause.The noun or pronoun is called Antecedent.The word that/which introduces the clause(between the noun/pronoun and the clause)is called Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb.The relative pronouns or adverbs do two jobs at once.They can be used as subjects,objects,attributes or adverbials in the clause;at the same time,they join clauses together.About the use of them,we’ll have particular revision after a while.Now look at the sentences on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Complete the sentences with suitable relatives.
1.I know the reason__________he came late.
2.Do you know the woman,__________son went to college last year?
3.The house__________colour is red is John’s.
4.This is the best film__________I’ve ever seen.
5.That is the town__________he worked in 1987.
T:Who’d like to tell me what should be filled in the first sentence?
S2:I think“why”should be filled.Because the antecedent is“the reason”and the relative is used as the adverbial of reason in the Attributive Clause.
T:Yes.How about the second sentence?
(Teacher goes to another student and asks her/him to answer.)
S3:I fill“whose”here.Because the antecedent is “the woman”and the relative is used as the attribute in the Attributive Clause.
T:Right.Sit down,please.Now let’s look at the third sentence.
Suggested answers:
3.whose 4.that 5.where
Step Ⅲ Summarizethe Use of the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause
T:The Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is a clause which gives extra information to the antecedent.So we use a comma to interrupt the sentence.When the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is cut off,the sentence still has a full meaning.Now look at the sentences on the screen.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.I have two brothers,who are both soldiers.
2.Next week,which you’ll spend in your hometown,is coming.
3.I’ve tried two pairs of shoes,neither of which fits me well.
T:Pay attention to the underlined parts.There are commas to interrupt the sentences and “that”can not be used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.You should pay more attention to the structure“Indefinite Pronoun/Numbers/Noun/Superlative+of which/whom”is often used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
Step Ⅳ The Usage of the Relative Pronouns and the Relative Adverbs
T:As we know,relative pronouns or adverbs paly important parts in the Attributive Clause.Now let’s make a list of them on the blackboard first and then revise their usage with the help of the forms on the screen.
(Bb:the relative pronouns:who,whom,that,whose,which;the relative adverbs: when, where, why)
(Teacher collects them first and then shows the following.)
Form 1:
the relative pronouns referring to function in the clause
who people subject/object
whom people object
that people/thing subject/object
which thing subject/object
whose people/thing(of whom/which) attribute
Form 2:
the relative adverb referring to function in the clause
when(=at/in/on which) time adverbial of time
where(=in/at which) place adverbial of place
why(=for which) reason adverbial of reason
(Teacher explains the two forms separately and adds the following with examples on the screen.)
T:1.When a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause,the verb must agree with the antecedent in person and number.
e.g.1.Those who want to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the Great wall is not a true man.
2.When the antecedent is the structure of “one of +n.(pl.)”,the verb in the clause must be plural,agrees with the plural form.However,if there is “the”or“only”before“one”,the verb in the clause must be singular,agrees with the word“one”.
e.g.2.She is the only one of the girls who has been to Beijing.
He is one of the boys who have seen the film.
3.When the antecedent is a noun for time or place “when”or“where”is not always used to introduce the clause.It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause.
e.g.3.The time when/that I went to Tokyo is in 1982.
I’ll never forget the time which/that I spent at college.
The shop which I bought is big.
The shop where/in which I bought the book is big.
Step Ⅴ The Difference Between “that”and “which”
T:As we know,both“that”and “which”can be used for things,but,the use of them are not always the same.Let’s look at the sentences on the screen.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.This is the second article that I have written in English.
2.It is the best film that he has ever seen.
3.This is the very book that I want to read.
4. All that they told me surprised me.
5.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
6. Who is the comrade that was there?
7.There is a bed in the room that is still vacant.
8.Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.
T:From the sentences on the screen,we can make a summary of the use of“that” and “which”.Look at the screen again.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.In following cases,“that”is often used.
(1)After ordinal number and superlatives.
(2)After the following words:all, only, little, few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), every(thing), some(thing),no(thing).
(3)After two or more antecedents,referring to both people and things.
(4)After interrogative pronouns“which”or “who”.
(5)When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.
(6)When the main clause begins with “There be”.
2.In following cases,“which”is always used.
(1)After prepositions.
(2)To introduce a Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
(3)The whole main sentence is the “antecedant”of the relative clause,and there is always a comma.
Step Ⅵ Practice
T:Now let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen.Fill in the blanks,choosing proper relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.Tell me the reason for__________you were late for class.
2.Who is the girl__________is speaking there?
3.This is Mr Smith,__________has some thing interesting to tell you.
4.The computer__________CPU doesn’t work has to be repaired.
5.This kind of computer,__________is well-known,is out of date.
6.This is just the place__________I’ve been longing to visit for years.
7.His mother is an engineer,__________makes him very proud.
8.The old man has four sons,three of__________are doctors.
Suggested answers:
1.which 2.that 3.who 4.whose
5.which 6.that 7.which 8.whom
Step Ⅶ Test
T:Now.Let’s have a test.Look at the screen.Do this exercise by yourself.A few minutes later.I’ll give you the answers.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.I don’t like the way__________he talked to his mother.
A.as B.that
C.which D.by which
2.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person__________she could turn for help.
A.that B.who
C.from whom D.to whom
3.The weather turned out to be very good,__________was more than we could expected.
A.what B.which
C.that D.it
4.All__________is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that
C.what D.which
5.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows,most of__________hasn’t been cleaned at least a year.
A.these B.those
C.that D.which
6.She spoke about the books and writers__________she remembered.
A.that B.who
C.which D.whom
7.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,__________he could see what was going on inside the house.
A.in which B.through which
C.at which D.on which
Suggested answers:
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.B
Step Ⅷ Homework
Review the Attributive Clause
Step Ⅸ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18 Inventions
The Fifth Period
The Attributive Clause
Ⅰ.The differences between the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause
Ⅱ.The use of the relative words:
1.relative pronouns:who,whom,whose,that,which
2.relative adverbs:where,when,why
Ⅲ.The differences between“that”and “which”
Record after Teaching
篇11：Unit 18 知识点(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
1.allow for 顾及，考虑到
[举例]
It will take you half an hour to ge to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
把路上的耽搁算进去，你要用半小时才能到车站。
We must start early, to allow for finding their house.
我们必须早点动身，考虑到我们还要寻找他们的家。
We should allow for every possible delay.我们必须考虑到任何可能的延误。
Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “impossible” or “crazy“ solutions.
发明家常常重新定义一个问题为创造性的解决方案做准备，同时也偿试“不可能的”或“疯狂的”解决方式。
[联想]
allow sb. to do sth允许某人做某事 allow (doing) sth允许(做)某事 allow that承认
My parents don't allow me to stay out late. 我父母不允许我在外呆的太晚。
We don't allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
I allow that he is a able man.我承认他是一个能干的人。
2. reject vt.拒绝；排斥；抛弃
[举例]
He rejected my suggestion.他拒绝了我们建议。
If people are unkind to a person, then the person will feel rejected.
如果人们对一个人不支好，这个人就会有一种被排斥感。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.拣出好苹果，丢掉烂苹果。
[拓展]
rejection c.n. 拒绝
I have had so many rejections I've stopped offering to help her.
被拒绝了很多次，我现在已不再主动提出帮助她了。
3. get/be stuck 遇到困难，陷进去
[举例]
He got stuck in the mud.他陷进泥里了。
His finger got stuck in the hole.他的手指卡在洞里了。
We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.我们因交通阻塞而受阻了一个小时。
I got stuck on the second question.我在第二个问题上卡住了。
If the bank won't lend us the money, we'll really be stuck.
如果银行不借钱给我们，我们就真的麻烦了。
[拓展] get stuck on 非常喜欢 get stuck with 与不喜欢的人在一起 get stuck in(to) 开始积极地做 某事
[举例]
The students are really stuck on their new teacher.
学生们非常喜欢他们的新老师。
I am stuck with the naughty boy for the whole day.我一整天都让那个淘气的小男孩缠住了。
He got completely stuck into that book you gave him; we could hardly get him to say a word!
他完全被你给他的那本书迷住了，一句话也不话。
4.break away from 摆脱，脱离
[举例]
The pickpocket broke away from the policeman who had been holding his arm.
那个小偷从警察手里挣脱逃跑了。
He broke away from the organization in .他在与那个组织脱离了关系。
[拓展]
break away 断开；剪掉（树枝等） broke down 捣毁，镇压，（机械等）出故障，（计划等）受挫 break into 强行进入，破门而入 break off 折断，断绝关系，中断 break out （战争，火灾等）突然发生，爆发 break up 粉碎，结束，与某人分手
5. otherwise (adv)不同地，另外地: (conj.)否则，要不然; (adj.)不同的，别样的
[举例]
He seems to thinks otherwise.
他似乎有其它的想法。
You must work hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
你必须努力学习，否则你将考试失败。
Some are creative, some are otherwise.
有些人有创造力，有些人则不然。
I don’t care whether he is rich or otherwise.
我不在意他富不富。
[知识归纳]
(1). otherwise做形容词用时通常置于系动词后作表语
(2). or otherwise或相反，或用别的方法
6. be aware of 知道，意识到
He wasn't aware of the danger.他没有意识到危险。
He said that the government was acutely aware of the problem.
他说政府非常清楚这个问题。
[拓展] be aware that/wh
They are well aware that this is a risky investment. (=They are well aware how risky it is.)
他们清楚地知道这是一个有风险的投资。
7. after all 毕竟，终究；别忘了
[举例]
I am so sorry. I can't come after all.对不起，我终究还是不能来。
It's not surprising you've got stomachacher. After all, you've eaten too much.
你的胃疼并不令人惊讶，别忘了，你吃的太多了。
[拓展]after all 作介词短语时，意为“虽然......，但仍然.....”
After all his efforts, he also failed this time.虽然他很努力，便这次还是失败了。
8. keep track of 跟踪，保持联系
[举例]
It's difficult to keep track of all the new ideas and developments in education.
要与教育上的最新思想和发展保持同步是很困难的。
He keeps track of all his old school friends.他与中学时所有的老校友都保持着联系。
[拓展] lose track of 与......失去联系
篇12：高二下11单元单词讲解(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Unit11 Words and phrases
1.solar adj. 太阳的, 日光的
solar cell 太阳能电池
solar energy/system太阳能/系
2.leap v.& n.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
Look before you leap.三思而后行。
leap at the chance抓住时机
He crossed the garden in three leaps.
他跳三步就跨过了花园。
3.mankind n. 人类, 男性, 男子
liberation of mankind人类解放
Disease is an enemy of mankind.
疾病是人类的敌人。
4.constitution n. 组织,宪法,体格
the constitution of starch 淀粉的组成
British constitution英国宪法
have a good/ poor constitution. 体质好/差
5.man v. 操纵,为...配备人手
man ten ships. 给10艘船配备人员
as one man 一致
the man in the street 一般人
man of one's word 信守诺言的人
6. support vt. 支持, 支撑, 赡养
life support生命保障
be supported by one’s parents由父母供养.
Which football team do you support?
你支持哪个足球队？
7. daily a. 每日的n. 日报ad. 每日,天天
daily life/ necessities 日常生活 /必需品
China Daily《中国日报》。
write to sb. daily. 每天给..写信
8.achieve v.达到,实现
achieve one's purpose/aim 达到目的
achieve success/ victory 获得成功/胜利
It takes hard work to achieve success.
成功需要努力。
9.likely a. 可能的,有希望的ad. 很可能
a likely story 可能是真实的故事
I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.
It is very likely that I’ll be busy tomorrow.
明天我可能很忙。
Me? Join the army? Not likely! 我?参军?没门儿!
10.Zone. n. 地带, 区域,
vt. 环绕, 使分成地带 vi. 分成区
war(battle) zone/ a business zone战区/商业区
smokeless zone 禁止吸烟区coastal zone海岸带; North Temperate zone北温带
The U.S. and Canada are zoned for postal delivery.美国和加拿大划分了邮区。
11. private a. 私人的n. 士兵
private teacher家庭教师 private school 私立学校
I'm not going to tell you about it; it's private.
我不打算把此事告诉你; 这是私事.
The news came through private channels.
消息是私下[小道儿]传出来的。
in private 秘密地[的]; 私下地[的]
Can I speak to you in private?
我可以私下同你谈谈吗？
12. institute n. 学会, 学院, 协会
vt. 创立, 开始, 制定,
an art institute 艺术学院
a designing institute 设计院
He graduated from a foreign language institute.
他毕业于一所外语学院。
13.grasp vt.& n. 抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会
Grasp all, lose all.贪多必失。
have a good grasp of 深刻了解
I grasped the main point of the speech.
我领会了这篇演讲的要点。
14.master. n. 主人, 大师, 硕士, (男)教师
adj. 主人的, 熟练的, 高明的, 主要的
vt. 征服, 控制, 精通
the master of the house 房主
masters in literature.文学大师
a Master of Science. 理科硕士
She learned to master her anger.
她学会了控制自己不发火。
It's not easy to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语并不容易。
15. perfect adj. 完美的, 理想的,
vt. 使完美, 修改, 使熟练
perfect weather 极好的天气perfect yellow 纯黄色
be perfect in English 精通英语
Practice [Use] makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
他们卖力地使舞蹈更加完美。
16.arrange vt. 安排, 筹备, 整理, 布置
arrange a time and place定好时间和地点
arrange for 安排, 准备
Arrange the books把书整理好
arrange the flowers in the vase把花在花瓶里插好
I've arranged with him about feeding the cats.
我已和他商量妥喂猫的事.( 与某人商定某事)
They arranged to meet at 7 o'clock.
他们约好7点钟见.
17.set foot in v. 到达，进入，踏上
He hardly ever sets foot in the city.
他几乎从不进城来。
18.have an effect on/upon对……产生影响
Smoking has a bad effect on you.
19.rely on 依靠，信赖，指望
You can rely on her word.你可以相信她的话。
Don't rely on going to India.别指望到印度。
20.failure n. 失败, 失败者,
Crop failure欠收（农业）
failure of electricity 停电
the failure of memory 记忆力减退
F~is the mother of success.失败为成功之母。
21.come to life vi. 苏醒过来，活跃起来
In a few minutes Tom suddenly came to life.
一小会儿汤姆突然苏醒过来。
With his friends he really comes to life.
他跟朋友在一起很活跃.
22.valley n. (山)谷, 流域
the Yangtze/ Changjiang valley 长江流域
A lonesome valley.荒凉的山谷
23.base n. 底部, 基础, 根据地,
A bottle has a flat base.瓶子有一个平的底
Many languages have Latin as their base.
许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。
One should always base one's opinions on facts. 意见应以事实为根据。
25.mark n. 标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号
vt. 做标记于, 打分数, 标志
put a mark 做记号 a question mark问号
a man of mark 一个有影响的人, 著名的人
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
He leaves his mark on everyone he teaches.
他给每一个所教的人留下了印象。
He fired but missed the mark.
他开枪射击却没击中目标。
Bless the mark! 不要见怪
hit the mark 打中目标, (发言)中肯,
mother's mark 胎志, 黑痣
He marked the floor with chalk.
他用粉笔在地板上作记号。
The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。
26．agency n. 代理,代理处
a tourist agency. 旅行社
a reporter from Xinhua agency. 一名新华社记者
27.organ n.器官, 风琴,机构,
organs of smell 嗅觉器官 state organ国家机构
He plays the organ in church. 他在教堂弹奏风琴.
28.forword ad.& a 向前地; v. 转交,运送n.前锋
Move forward 往前走
He is forward in his English.他的英语有进步。
Please forward my mail to my new address.
请把我的信件转到我的新地址。
Put forward提出
~a idea/ a theory/a plan提出主意/理论/计划.
29.breakthough n. 突破
have/ made/ achieve a breakthrough in
在…方面取得突破
30.march n. &vi. 行军,进军
The march of time.时间的推移
To the rear, march! 向后转走！
Athletes march in. 运动员进场。
Science is on the march.科学正在进步中。
31.aim n. 目标,对准v. 对准目标,打算
achieve the aim达到目的
His aim is uncertain.他的目标不明确.
You aim too high.你太好高鹜远了
aim at 旨在，瞄准
He aimed (his gun) at the target and fired
他（用枪）瞄准目标开火.
She's aiming at (ie trying to win) a scholarship.
她争取获得奖学金.
32.announce 宣布，宣告
announce a football game on TV.
在电视上给一场足球赛作播音
announce the winner/the news
宣布胜利者的名字/消息。
Footsteps announced his return.
听到脚步声，就知道他回来了。
33.evolution n. 进化, 发展,
the evolution of a story 故事情节的发展
study the evolution of man 研究人类的进化
34.battle.n. 战役(大规模会战), 战争
vi. 作战, 战斗, 搏斗, 斗争
battle with/ against与...战斗
fall/ be killed in battle 阵亡
They died in battle.
他们在战斗中牺牲。
The two fighters battled for half an hour.
两个拳击手战斗了半小时。
篇13：Unit 11 单元学习导航(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
学习目标导航
XUE XI MU BIAO DAO HANG 学习提示
话
题 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Write a persuasion essay. 1.重点掌握与中心话题“科学成就”有关的语言知识和技能。
2.学会写说明文。
功
能 1.If I got the money, I would…
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
I hope that…; My plan is to…
2.I’ d like to…
I’ m thinking of… 练习表示intentions（意图）和wishes（愿望）的常用句型，熟练掌握其用法。
词
汇 likely, overseas, grasp, master, arrange, rely, failure, achieve, announce, locate 1.掌握本单元单词的常见用法，注意其构成。
2.重点掌握并能熟练运用所列词组的用法。
set foot, rely on, put forward, come to life
语
法 Word Formation (abbreviation) ：
ad (advertisement) 广告
CSA (Chinese Space Agency) 中国航天局
IT (information technology) 信息技术
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公约组织 1.了解英语中最常用的派生法、复合法和转换法三种构词方法。
2.重点掌握下列四种缩略构词法：截断词，首字母连写词，首字母拼音词和拼缀词。
单元要点
Word
study
1.engineering 2.solar 3.significant 4.mankind 5.constitution 6.zone 7.private 8.grasp 9.master 10.perfect 11.arrange 12.rely 13.failure 14.locate 15.valley 16.brand 17.luggage 18.achieve 19.organ 20.boom 21.breakthrough 22.agency 23.announce 24.evolution 25.supercomputer 26.likely 1.工程；工程学 2.太阳的；日光的 3.意义重大的 4.人类 5.宪法 6.区域；地带 7.私人的；非公开的 8.抓住；理解 9.硕士；主人 10.完美的；理想的 11.安排；整理；布置 12.依靠；指望 13.失败；失败的人 14.把……设置在；使……坐落于；指出……的位置 15.山谷 16.商标；牌子 17.行李 18.大道；实现；完成19.器官；机关；风琴 20.繁荣期；迅速发展期 21.重大突破 22.代理（机构） 23.宣布；宣告 24.发展；展开 25.超级计算机 26.可能的；预期的
Useful expressions 1.genetic engineering 2.the theory of gravity 3.nuclear science 4.solar energy 5.great scientific achievements 6.have something in common 7.the first person to travel in time 8.a cure for AIDS 9.a manned space ship 10.start a company 11.spend time doing sth. 12.in store 13.it is likely that 14.more than 15.set up 16.in the late 1990s 17.the Chinese Academy of sciences 18.within the next ten years 19.a growing number of
1.基因工程 2.万有引力理论 3.核科学 4.太阳能 5.伟大的科学成就6.有共同之处 7.时间旅行第一人 8.艾滋病治疗方法 9.载人飞船 10.开办一家公司 11.花时间做某事12.存储 13.很有可能…… 14.不仅仅，多于 15.建立 16.在20世纪90年代末 17.中科院 18.在接下来的十年里 19.不停增加数量的
Useful expressions 20.make it possible for sb.to do sth.21.follow one’s dreams 22.top scientists 23.master’s degree 24.a dream come true 25.set foot in… 26.run a small company 27.have a positive effect on… 28.rely on 29.build the future 30.deal with 31.learn from… 32.be excited about… 33.be located in… 34.contribute to… 35.in the near future 36.be filled with 37.enjoy a boom 38.put forward a plan 39.make many breakthroughs 40.sth.be used to do 41.manned space flight 42.allow sb.to do sth.43.human genetic project 44.for the first time ever 45.the deadly disease 20.使某人做某事成为可能 寻某人的梦想 22.顶级科学家 21.追23.硕士学位 24.一个梦想实现 25.涉足于…… 26.开办一家小公司 27.对于……有积极影响 28.依靠于 29.创造未来 30.处理 31.向……学习32.对于……很兴奋 33.位于…… 34.作贡献于…… 35.在不久的将来 36.充满 37.经历迅速发展期 38.提出一个计划 39.取得许多突破 40.某物被用来做41.载人太空飞行 42.允许某人做某事 43.人类基因组计划 44.第一次 45.致命的疾病
Sentence
patterns &
Communicative
English 1.If I got the money,I would …
2.My plan is to …
3.I hope that …
4.I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to …
5.I’d like to …
6.I’m thinking of …
Grammar Word-formation:
1.prefix and suffix
2.compounds 构词法:
1.前缀，后缀
2.合成词
Topics &Writing 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Practise expressing intensions and wishes.
3.Learn about Word-formation.
4.Write a persuasion essay.
Language points.
1．constitution
1) 宪法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 体格，体质He has a weak constitution
3) 构造，构成the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)
2．achievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成绩（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 达到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人类 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 从句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible与probable
Likely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。
Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。
6．set up
1) 建立，成立 Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 树立起来Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍。
set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth Set an example
set fire to 点火；放火Set off 出发，动身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问
set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g. Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的
Private property Private school
a private door 便门in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公开地
8．grasp vt
1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用单数) 紧握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量达不到 Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。 Within sb’s grasp 力量达得到
9．Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师
Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 无主的
Mastermind n 非常聪明的人 Masterkey n 万能钥匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家长
Master and man雇主与雇工 A master in literature 文学大师
Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士 Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士
Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士
vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英语
11．arrange
vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
n arrangement
(C pl) 安排；准备工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 对……产生影响
Take effect 开始生效；开始实行
In effect = in fact 实际上
13. rely on / upon : depend on…依赖，依靠；信赖，信任
We should rely on our own efforts. 我们应该自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，讲清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。
16．come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来
After three hours’ saving, the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
n 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征
an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作标记
vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩
a dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路
be marked with 标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student
2) 未完结的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就
A military breakthrough 军事突破A scientific breakthrough 科学成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关
The eyes are the organ of sight.
state organs
a government organ
adj organic 有机物的；有机体的
n organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织
vt organize 组织
N organization 团体，机构，组织
22. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄准；目的在于；企图
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.
知识点讲解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的队员正在从事艾滋病的治疗工作。
（1）work on “从事于（某项工作）”；“设法说服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night. 他们修这辆旧汽车一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你们在干什么呀？我们正在创作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能说服他改变主意吗？
（2）work at “学习，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这门科学好多年了。
（3）work out 做出；算出；设计出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 这道题算不出来。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。
2．extremely adv. to a very high degree 极端地；极度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的工作。
extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 极度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 极度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在极度痛苦中
3． cure (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治疗；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六个月治疗。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治疗的药物；治疗法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今对癌症有治疗方法吗？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 这药可以治好你的头痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你就痊愈了。
③（词组） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉坏习惯 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的工作。
（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飞船等）载人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft从无人向载人飞船的发展
（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 这是个人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我们发射了多少颗人造卫星。
生词和词组
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能发生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win? 他有可能获胜吗？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的结果是不分胜负。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是个合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能会……
It’s likely that… 可能会（有，发生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不会成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能会迟到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱住；紧握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那个小男孩紧握住妈妈的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓紧绳子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 领悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我没领悟老师的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 紧握；抓紧；领悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他没有彻底理解这个问题。
(3)短语：beyond/within a person’s grasp 为某人所不能/能抓到的；为某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成为……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾气/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困难的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟练 eg:
master English 精通英语 master foreign affairs 精通外交事务
He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他从未掌握当众演讲的艺术。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长
④male teacher 男教师 eg:
the master of the house 一家之长
the maths master 数学教师 a master’s degree 硕士学位
4．arrange vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 为……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她见面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 约定与某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. =
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一周召开。
5． failure n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失败；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的事例；失败的人，企图或失败的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是个好老师。
Success came after many failures. 失败多次之后终于成功。
6． locate vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地点设置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 将设置在郊区的一所新学校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我们学校坐落于市中心。
(4)比较location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。
7． organ n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 动植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 语言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 组织，机构 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 国会是政府的主要机关。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 风琴
同、近义词辨析
1．likely, possible 与probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有别。possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。
（2）possible 不能用人做主语。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能这样说吗？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人做主语。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要来。
（4）likely 既可用人作主语，也可用物做主语。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come. 他可能要来。但不能说：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法与上述类似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 与snatch
catch是普通用语，用“设法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起枪就冲了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他从敌人士兵手中夺过了枪。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢走了她的手提包就跑了。
知识点补充
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的成就，其中许多可能就诞生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到来，必将发生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来注定如何？
（2）in store 也有储存着，备用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺贮存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中关村作为高新科技特区被创立并迅速成为中国高科技工业的先锋。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作组调查此问题。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可写成in the late 1990’s 二十世纪九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世纪八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技术
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 当我获得硕士学位时，我想回到家乡，可是我没能找到学有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一个复合句。When I got my master’s degree 为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词wanted。wanted和couldn’t find为并列谓语动词，由并列连词but连接。where I could use what I had learnt为定语从句，修饰先行词company。what I had learnt 为宾语从句。
（2）a master’s degree 硕士学位 a doctor’s degree 博士学位a bachelor’s degree 学士学位
又如：Master of Arts 文学硕士 Doctor of Law 法学博士Bachelor of Science 理学学士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。
（1）本句是复合句。How happy I was …为宾语从句。when I set foot in China again and was back with … 为时间状语从句。
（2）set foot in/on 进入，踏进 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned.
她说直到这屋子收拾好了她才住进去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 没有人曾光顾过那个荒芜的岛。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科学，技术，知识发展经常”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。
（1）此句为复合句。it为形式宾语，代表that引导的宾语从句。
（2）rely on/upon信赖，依赖 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，讲清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他们想说明他们做着一项重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而感到激动。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 为定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。
（2）come to life 苏醒；恢复生气 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life.
我们都以为他淹死了，但经过一小时的人工呼吸后，他又苏醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life.
当我告诉学生们这个好消息时，他们都活跃起来了。
典型病句诊断
1． 病句：Yufang has come to China for three years.
诊断：Yufang has been in China for three years.
点拨：come为终止性动词，用于现在完成时时态，不能与表一段时间的状语连用。
2． 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out.
诊断：Where he has gone is to be found out.
点拨：主语从句应用陈述句语序。
3． 病句：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return back to China.
诊断：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return to China.
点拨：return意思是“come back”，不与back连用。
4． 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth.
诊断：I would rather you told me the truth.
点拨：would rather 后面带的宾语从句表示一种愿望，动词要用过去式来表示虚拟语气。
5． 病句：The old man stays very health.
诊断：The old man stays very healthy.
点拨：stay为系动词，意为“保持（状态）”，后用形容词作表语。
6． 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China.
诊断：Great changes have taken place in China.
点拨：take place “发生，举行”，不用被动语态。
7． 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one.
诊断：This lesson is much easier than that one.
点拨：形容词比较级前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加强语气。
8． 病句：All the answers are not correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
诊断：None of the answers are correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
点拨：all…not和not all…表示部分否定，意为“并非都……”，而none表示全部否定，意为“都不……”。
9． 病句：I don’t like the way which you speak to me.
诊断：I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
点拨：在way后面引导定语从句时，可用that, in which 或省略。
10． 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science.
诊断：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
点拨：affect vt. “影响”； effect n. “影响”，have a good/bad effect on 意为“对……有好/不良的影响”。
典型例题精析
<1>Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A.enjoyment B.appreciation
C.entertainment D.reputation
解析：enjoyment意为“快乐，高兴”；appreciation意为“欣赏”；entertainment意为“招待，对待”；reputation意为“名誉，名声”，根据句意来看选B项。答案：B
<2>The environmentalists said wild goats, ________ on the vast grasslands was a good phenomenon of the better environment.
A.escape B.absence
C.attendance D.appearance
解析：该题也是一个词汇辨析题，同时也考查构词法知识。escape意为“逃跑，避免”，absence意为“缺席”，attendance意为“到场、出席，护理、照料”，这三个词都与句意不相符，只有appearance“出现”符合题意。答案：D
<3>Mr. Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up now.
A.seriously B.heavily
C.badly D.hardly
解析：该题考查词义辨析、动词搭配和构词法知识。从词义上看，hardly为频度副词，要放在谓语动词的前面，首先应将D选项排除掉。另外三个词均为方式副词，虽然都可以置于不及物动词之后，但含义搭配各不相同。只有heavily习惯上与 “drink, smoke, rain, snow” 等动词搭配。故B为正确选项。答案：B
思路开拓
1.(高考全国卷Ⅰ)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
解析：本题考查get的用法。题意是“萨拉，快点吧!恐怕在宴会前你没时间换衣服”。get可用作系动词，后接过去分词，表示被动语态，如：get lost“迷路”，get dressed“穿上衣服”，get injured“受伤”，get paid“领取工资”等。此处get changed意为“换衣服”。答案为A。又如本单元课文中的一句话：The centre itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.答案：A
2.(20高考湖南卷)I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
解析：本题考查定语从句。题意是“我在一家公司上班，在这里几乎每个人都在等待着飞黄腾达的机会”。句中almost everyone is waiting for a great chance是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词business。由句子的结构可知，business在定语从句中应是作地点状语，即almost everyone is waiting for a great chance in the business，故引导词要用关系副词where。答案为C。又如本单元课文中的一句话：I want to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt.答案：C
3.(年高考北京卷)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
解析：本题考查动词的时态区别。从题干中的is和hasn’t decided两个动作来看，句子用的是现在时态，根据时态一致原则，可先排除A、C两项。题意是“露西失业了，她一直在考虑回去上学，但还没有最终决定”。可知应用现在完成进行时，表示一段时间以来一直在做某事。故答案为B。又如本单元课文中的一句话：Since the early 1990s, China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technology development. 答案：B
4.(2004年上海春招)Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, into the woods.
A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing
解析：本题考查识别句子结构的能力以及非谓语动词的用法。题意为“突然，一个驾驶着一辆金色马车的男人抢走了那个女孩，之后消失在那片树林里”。句子的主语是a tall man；driving a golden carriage是分词短语作定语；句中的and连接的是谓语动词seized和took；因为逗号不能起连接作用，故第二个空白处的动词与前面的seized和took不是并列的谓语动词，而应是作结果状语；因为disappear与man是主动关系，故用其现在分词形式作状语。答案为D。又如本单元课文中的一句话：In , Chinese scientists announced that they had completed mapping out their part of the international human genome project, proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.答案：D
5.(高考上海卷)The discovery of new evidence led to .
A.the thief having caught B.catching the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
解析：本题考查动词短语lead to的用法。lead to意为“导致，引起”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。题意是“新证据的发现导致了那个贼的被捉”。显然，catch与the thief之间是被动关系，故要用动名词的被动式。答案为C。又如本单元中的一句话：The programme was started in March 1986 and has led to several breakthroughs in science and technology.答案：C
能力提升
§6.1 单项填空
1.The theory by Einstein was later to prove true, but at that time few people could accept it.
A.put out B.put together C.put aside D.put forward
解析：“爱因斯坦提出的理论”。put out“扑灭”；put together“组合；整理”；put aside“搁置；存放”；put forward“提出；推荐”。答案：D
2.I don’t think Jack is a man to be when we are in trouble and need his help.
A.hoped for B.related to C.expected from D.relied on
解析：“杰克是一个不可靠的人”。rely on“依靠；信赖”。答案：D
3.An earthquake shook the city last night and hundreds of houses .
A.got to damage B.got damaged C.got damage D.got damaging
解析：“get+done”是被动语态的一种形式，get damaged意为“被毁坏”。答案：B
4.Later, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company I could use I had learnt.
A.that;what B.when;what C.where;what D.where;that
解析：“在公司里我可以使用我所学的知识”。where引导定语从句；what引导宾语从句。答案：C
5.Mr.White is now in Beijing and runs a company in Zhongguancun together with some Chinese friends.
A.to base B.basing C.to be based D.based
解析：公司坐落在中关村，即以中关村为基地，用过去分词based作定语，相当于which is based。答案：D
6.The earliest influences upon children will most likely have the strongest effects their personalities.
A.toward B.on C.over D.for
解析：have effect on/upon是固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。答案：B
7.Now there is just one point I wish you to make quite clear.
A.where B.which C.whether D.when
解析：point在后面的定语从句中作make的宾语，故引导词用which。答案：B
8.Just as the doctor , your wife is not exactly fat, but rather well-built for her age.
A.gets it B.makes it C.puts it D.means it
解析：get it“明白了，知道了”；make it“到达；成功”；put it“说，表达”；mean it“说话算数”。答案：C
9.They say the recorder costs 150 dollars. But I don’t think it’s worth much.
A.that B.as C.even D.rather
解析：“不值那么多钱”，用that much，此时that相当于so。答案：A
10.When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids life at once.
A.came to B.got to C.return to D.went to
解析：come to life是固定短语，意为“变得活跃起来”。答案：A
11.He got full marks in this math exam, that he was among the class’ best.
A.to prove B.proved C.having proved D.proving
解析：此处用现在分词作结果状语，相当于and proved。答案：D
12.Firemen said the fire wasunder control, but they warned that the change in the weather might new fires.
A.lead to B.bring in C.result from D.break out
解析：天气的变化可能引起新的火灾。lead to“引起，导致”；bring in“引进，赚钱”；result from“起因于”；break out“爆发，发生”，是不及物动词短语。答案：A
13. great progress we have made, we should not be conceited.
A.However B.How C.Whatever D.What
解析：whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。因progress是名词，故前面不能用however。
答案：C
14.He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
解析：此处定语从句修饰the only one，故从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。答案：D
15.The success you have achieved today may be for your whole future.
A.accessible B.significant C.temporary D.challenging
解析：你今天取得的成功或许对你整个人生都很重要。accessible“可使用的”；significant“重要的”；temporary“暂时的”；challenging“具有挑战性的”。答案：B
课文译文
中关村
不管中国将来会创造出多么伟大的成就，他们很有可能就诞生在北京的西北部。中关村，在北京海淀区，是中国科技的新中心。它是中科院以及北京大学、清华大学等十几所著名高校的所在地。
中关村在20世纪90年代末的时候才建为一个特别经济区，但很快就成了中国高新技术工业的领导力量。该中心本身创办于20世纪80年代初，中科院研究员陈春贤首先在此开办了一家私人研究发展学院。在接下来的里，大约有一百多家科技公司搬到这个地区来，这样，新的科技中心围绕着当初的中关村花园发展起来了。他们都有自己的特色，但他们也都有共同点，即:使得中关村成为一个成功典范的创新精神和科学技术。
中关村也拥有一批人数正在逐年增长的海外归来的学子，他们抓住机会来实现他们的愿望。项余方就是在海外学习工作后归国的学子之一。中关村实现了利用自己所学为国效力的梦想。
“我在国外求学是因为我想多看一看世界，能和我所研究领域的顶级科学家们一起工作。在国外，我从没感到很舒适，我想念在中国的一切。获得硕士学位的时候，我想回国，但苦于找不到一家公司施展我的才学。我在国外工作了几年，后来我听说了中关村，我知道它很适合我。”
项余方和几个在北京的大学同学说了这事，他们安排他回国。他辞去了在外国公司的工作，回到了北京。
“我非常高兴，太棒了，就像一个梦想实现了一样。我能做我想做的并且能为国家作贡献的事情了，我将永远不会忘记当我第一脚踏上中国的土地，再次见到我的朋友和家人时我是多么的兴奋！”
余方现在已在中国四年了，做得很棒。他住在北京，和两个朋友以中关村为基地开办了一家小公司。
中关村不仅对商业，对科学也有积极的影响。现在，中关村大约有八千多家高新技术公司，其中一半以上与IT（信息技术）产业有关。该园里也有中国电脑产业巨头“联想”和“方正”以及20多家知名国际公司。中关村的著名格言之一“依靠科学、技术、知识来增强经济实力”，说明科学和商业能够并且一定要联合在一起共建未来。另外一句格言帮我们解释该园的成功秘诀:“鼓励创造性工作，接受失败”。伟大的科学成就都是多年失败的结晶，多年的尝试创造以前从未存在的东西。
中关村的科学研究人员都知道，如果他们勇于面对失败，并且从失败中学习，他们就能够达到顶峰。不是所有的公司都能成功的，但他们所代表的创造精神是比金钱都还重要的。正如余方所说:“我们还没有挣很多钱，但对于中关村所激活的新技术和伟大的想法我们激动不已”。
综合技能
火热的成就
中国的历史充满了科技方面的伟大成就。自从20世纪90年代以来，中国的科技迅猛发展。中国政府提出“科技兴国”战略；在科技方面已经获得了许多重大突破。结果是显而易见的。
空间探索
CSA，中国航天部，已经成功地研发了长征系列火箭。这些火箭很安全，已经用来向太空发射卫星，并且准备发射我们国家第一次载人太空飞行。
探索生命奥秘
中国在利用基因技术提高农业产量方面一直都处于领先位置。最重要的成就之一就是一种能增加产量的水稻。在过去的二十年时间里，中国加入了研究人类身体的国际组织。，中国科学家宣布，他们已经成功地完成了他们那一部分的国际人类基因组测序工程，再一次证明中国科学家是全球最棒的。
电子革命
中国可以说是一眼就爱上了比特。互联网正在越来越受欢迎，一种新的宽带互联网即将问世。中国计算机工程师们研发了神威级超级计算机，运算速度，世界第48位，还研制了第一代人工智能机器人。
战胜癌魔
人类历史中第一次，科学家能创造出一种战胜癌细胞的化学元素。
知识记忆
1.significant adj.意义重大的，重要的，有意义的a significant date 一个重要的日期
It is a significant change in the system.这是制度上的重大改变。
The Olympic Games is a significant event for the country.举办奥运会是对该国具有重大意义的事件。
Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是一项极其重要的医学发现。
He gave her a significant look.他意味深长地看了她一眼。
be significant of… 意味着，表示……
His silence was significant of his displeasure.他的沉默显示了他心中的不快。
The laughter was significant of the crowd’s respect for the speaker.这笑声表示观众对演讲人的尊敬。
2.likely adj.很可能的
①sb./sth.is likely to do sth. “某人或某事可能会……”
He is likely to win.他可能会赢。
Are we likely to arrive on time?我们会按时到达吗？
It is likely to rain tonight.今晚可能下雨。
An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你就可能出事故。
②It is likely that… “很可能会……”
Is it likely that he will arrive so late?他可能会来得很晚吗？
It is not likely that she should have said so.她不可能这么说。
adv.大概，或许，很可能；通常与most, very, quite等连用。
He will very likely pass the exam.他可能会通过考试的。
Most likely his attempt will fail.很可能他的尝试会失败。
3.private adj.私立的，私人的，非公开的
He attended a private school in town.他曾就读于城里的一所私立学校。
You can get a private doctor to operate on him.你可以找个私人医生为他做手术。
This is my private view.这是我个人的看法。
He is here on private business.他是因私事来这里的。
It’s wrong to read people’s private letters without permission.未经允许看私人信件是不对的。
I wish to have a private talk with you.我想私下与你谈谈。
in private“私下地，秘密地，不公开地”
It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of in private.这不是那种可以私下谈论的事情。
He can be very rude in private, though in public he’s usually polite.他虽然在公共场合彬彬有礼，但私底下却很粗野。
4.grasp vt.抓住，抓牢，理解
He reached out, grasped my hand, and shook it.他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。
He grasped her firmly by the arm.他紧紧抓住她的手臂。
If you grasp the rope I will pull you up.你抓紧绳子，我把你拉上来。
Grasp your chances while you can.只要有可能，就要抓住你的机会。
You must grasp this opportunity to study abroad.你要抓住这次出国学习的机会。
I didn’t quite grasp what he was talking about.对他所讲的，我不太理解。
I grasped the main points of the speech.我理解了这次讲话的要点。
5.set foot in到达，进入，踏上
I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again.我离开了他，决心再也不踏进那个家门。
She had never set foot in a place as grand as this before.她以前从没到过这么大的地方。
I’ll never set foot in Tokyo again.我再也不会踏进东京一步。
6.failure n.失败[U]；失败的事或人[C]
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
His plans ended in failure.他的计划以失败而告终。
It was clear that the policy was a failure.很明显，那项政策失败了。
But this plan, too, can be nothing but a failure.但这项计划也只能会失败。
Gary was a failure as a football player.作为一个足球运动员，加里是个失败者。
Success comes after many failures.成功是源于很多次的失败后得来的。
7.locate vt.设置(机关、店铺等)，设立(工厂、办公室等)；确定……的位置
They decided to locate their new office in Hong Kong.他们决定在香港设立新的办事处。
We located the island on the map.我们在地图上确定那个岛的位置。
be located in/on… 坐落于……，位于……
Our school is located in the centre of the town.我们学校坐落于市镇的中心。
The country is located in the southern part of Africa.该国位于非洲南部。
8.luggage n.(总称)行李
He did not have much luggage.他没有很多行李。
You are only allowed to take one piece of hand luggage onto a plane.你只可携带一件手提行李上飞机。
They left their luggage at the station.他们把行李忘在了车站。
注：luggage是不可数名词。
9.put forward提出，建议，推荐
He had no desire to put forward his plan.他不想提出他的计划。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?你真的要提出这种观点吗？
The theory was laughed at when it was first put forward.这个理论刚提出时，就受到了嘲笑。
We put him forward for the position of chairman.我们推举他当主席。
10.announce vt.宣布，宣告，显示
He phoned me to announce his decision.他打电话给我，宣布了他的决定。
The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。
We have announced our engagement to some friends only.我们只告知某些朋友有关我们订婚的事。
It has been announced that he will resign.他已经将辞职的消息宣布了。
He announced that he would pay his debts.他宣布他将偿还债务。
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请告知你们班的学生明天不上课。
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光显示春天即将来到。
发散思维
1.rely on 依靠，依赖，信赖，指望
We may rely on his promises.我们可以信赖他的诺言。
The man is not to be relied on.这个人不可靠。
We must rely on our own efforts.我们一定要靠自己的努力。
They rely heavily on us for help.他们很依赖我们的帮助。
rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.你可以相信彼特会做他答应做的事的。
I rely on her to pay back the money.我相信她会还钱。
rely on one’s doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
Don’t rely on my seeing you off.不要指望我为你送行。
We can’t rely on his coming in time.我们不能指望他会按时来到。
rely on it that… 相信……，指望……
You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接见你的。
2.arrange vt.安排，筹划，整理，布置
I have to arrange my affairs before going away.在走之前，我得把我的事情安排好。
Please arrange the books on the shelves.请把架子上的书整理好。
She helped me arrange the flowers.她帮助我养花。
The travel agency has arranged everything for our trips to Canada.旅行社已为我们的加拿大之行准备好一切。
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事，预定做某事
I’ve arranged to see her tomorrow morning.我安排明天上午会见她。
He arranged to meet us at the hotel at one o’clock.他预定1点到宾馆与我们见面。
arrange for 安排，准备
I have to arrange for everything.我必须准备好一切。
I’ll arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport.我会安排一辆汽车到机场去接你。
They have arranged for another man to take his place.他们已安排另一个人去接替他的位置。
篇14：unit 11 reading(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
Step I Greetings
Step II Lead-in
Step III Pre-reading
Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions:
1. If you wanted to do research or start a hi-tech company, what kind of support and environment would you need?
A person who wants to do research or start a hi-tech company may need the following: money, schools, libraries, scientists and experts, ideas, inspiration, etc.
2. Why are scientific achievements important?
Because they help people understand the world better / improve our life / help advance science / lead to new discoveries and achievements, etc.
3. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?
Because they are curious and enthusiastic about new things and new ideas / they want to understand the world better / they want to contribute to society / they want to be famous.
Step IV Reading
Fast-reading:
Say True or False to the following sentences.
1. Zhongguancun is located in the southwest of Beijing. (F)
2. Zhongguancun was set up in the nineteenth century. (F)
3. Xiang Yufang didn’t want to return to China because he wanted to work with the top scientists in his field. (F)
4. Later his friends persuaded him to come back . (F)
5. Zhongguancun has a positive effect on business. (T)
Read the text again and find out the main idea of each part:
Part 1 (para 1--- 2):
General introdution of Zhongguancun
Part2 (para 3--- 7):
Why Zhongguancun attracts more and more overseas Chinese
Part3 (para 8 --- 9):
The positive effect Zhongguancun has had on both business and science; the spirit of Zhonguancun
Step V Post-reading
Careful-reading:
Choose the best answer.
1. According to the author, Zhongguancun is home to ___A___.
A. some famous research institutes and universities
B. every Chinese
C. all of the graduates
D. all private research institutes
2. The science park got started __B__.
A. in the late 1990s B. in the early1980s
C. in the early 1990s D. in the late 1980s
3. What is NOT true about Zhongguancun ? (D)
A. It is located in Haidian District, in northwestern Beijing.
B. It was set up as a special economic zone in the 1990s.
C. Most of its companies are doing IT business.
D. It is not a good place for new companies.
4. According to the reading, Xiang Yufang returned to China and opened
a company in Zhongguancun because ___D____.
A. he wanted to see more of the world
B. he enjoyed working with the best scientists in his field
C. he felt really comfortable
D. he could enjoy his work and contribute to his country at the same
time
5. According to the graph in the passage, how many of the people who work in Zhongguancun have a master’s degree or above? (B)
A. 25,000 B.30,000
C. 35,000 D.180,000
6. Today there are ___C___ IT companies in Zhongguancun.
A. more than 8,000 B. less than 8,000
C. more than 4,000 D. less than 4,000
Work in pairs or groups. Zhong guancun is sometimes called “China’s Silicon Valley”. Use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley in the Us and then compare the two areas. In which ways are they similar or different?
Answers on P 19.
Step VI Homework
Preview the language points in the text.
篇15：高二16-20单元复习教案(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
I．各单元教学目标
Unit16：技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about the USA
Practise describing places
Review Nonfinite Verbs (2)
Write a comparison essay
Unit 17: 技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about disability
Practice talking about ability and inability
Review Direct and Indirect objects
Write an argumentative essay
Unit 18: 技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about inventions
Practice describing inventions
Review the Attributive Clause
Write a process essay
Unit 19: 技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about Shakespeare and his plays
Learn to recount detail in conversation
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
Rite a short play
Unit 20: 技能目标 Skill Goals
Talk about archaeological discoveries
Express curiosity
Review the use of “it”
Create a flow chart
2．各单元功能句式：
Unit16：What does… look like?
It is known as…
What does the landscape look like?
It looks like…
Are there any hills / rivers…?
Yes. There is… in the north.
How long / wide / high / tall is the…?
It’s… meters / feet long / wide / high / tall.
Unit17：Talking about ability and inability
I probably couldn’t…
I would not be able to…
It would be difficult to…
I’m sure I would be able to…
I could…
I would try to…
If I… I would be able to…
I would need help to…
I would need a/ an…
Unit 18: Ways of describing inventions
This invention can help people…
This is a new way of…
This new invention will make it possible for people to…
I think… is much more useful than…
It can make / help people…
I’d like to invent… because it can…
I’d like to invent… which can…
If people can create…
I suppose…
It must be very convenient if people could invent…
I dreamed I could invent…
Ways of asking questions about new inventions
What does it look like?
How does it work?
What’s it made of?
How would people use it?
Is there anything you would like to invent?
Unit 19: Stating one’s views
Correct me if I’m wrong, but…
One of the most important facts is…
As far as I know…
You shouldn’t forget that…
You could, for example, …
After all,…
What shouldn’t be forgotten is…
The way I would go about it…
But in this particular case…
Unit 20: I wonder what / who…
I’m curious to…
I wonder if / whether…
I’m curious about…
I really want to know…
I’d love to know…
What I’d really like to find out is…
I’d like to know more about…
3．各单元语法要点：
Unit16
非谓语动词的被动式
1. to be done 表示不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承受者。
2. being done 表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的发生。
e.g. That building being repaired is our library.
e.g. I don’t mind his being invited.
Unit 17
Direct and Indirect objects
Unit 18:
the Attributive Clause
1. a car that / which uses water instead of petrol
2. thinkers who have changed the world
3. a chip that / which makes it possible for us to see the future
4. a smart pen that / which automatically translates what we write into a foreign language
Unit 19:
Direct and Indirect Speech
Unit 20
The use of “it”
4． 各单元重点句子：
Unit 16:
1. Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past. P43
2. Ever today, the South is far behind the rest of the United States in areas such as education and economic development. P43
3. There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. P43
4. Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. P43
5. It was also in Atlanta that one of the great leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, Dr Martin Luther King, Jr, was born. P44
6. The injustices in the city and in the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. P44
7. Atlanta is representative of the new South, a place where hope and faith have replaced fear and doubt. P44
8. The South still has many problems to deal with, but the people there are determined to make a new beginning. P44
Unit 17
1. The Beijing Union University has launched a special education college where gifted disabled students receive the help they need to succeed. P51
2. She uses a wheelchair to get around and it often takes her a little longer to do everyday things, such as getting out of bed, getting dressed and going to class. P51
3. They not only lean how to assist disabled people, but also learn the importance of cooperating to reach their goals in life. P52
4. The articles in the magazine are often about disabled people who have overcome difficulties and learnt to live a meaningful and productive life. P52
5. By preparing for and participating in the Special Olympics, mentally disabled children and adults can develop their ability to move, improve their health and gain greater self-confidence.p55
Unit 18:
1. These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly. P57
2. Creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high IQ or being smart. P59
3. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not pro vide a complete answer, we may get stuck.. P59
4. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities. P59
Unit 19:
You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.
If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.
Shylock, how can you hope for mercy for yourself when you show none? P67
To do a great right, do a little wrong and in that way we can save Antonio. P68
If Shylock cuts deep enough, I’ll pay him back with all my heart. 68
All he wanted was justice. P71
Unit 20:
Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior.
Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal.
Only a few centimeters from his head were two pots made of clay…
It was all that a person would need to survive…
It is not yet known how these conveyed over a distance of 380 km.
It is also a mystery how early man was able to construct Stonehenge….
It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.
At first it was thought that it was though war and armed conflict, but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links.
It has been proved that the copper knives came from places as distant as Spain and western France
难句
Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was found when he was buried.
There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat.
He was buried three miles from Stonehenge at the time when the great stones were being brought to Salisbury to build it.
篇16：Unit 3-6 重点词组U5(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
1.an advertising firm; advertise for 登广告征求、找寻
2.complain to sb of/ about sth; make complaints
3.persuade sb (not) to do sth说服了; persuade sb into/ out of doing sth
4.in order (of) 按(….的)顺序
5.take … into consideration
consider doing考虑 consider sb/ sth to be/ as 认为，看作
6.make/take notes of 做笔记
7.make a list of = list
8.in charge of管理-in the charge of 在…的管理下
charge要价，索价charge (me) 300 for a haircut
charge sb with doing sth 指控某人accuse sb of sth
9.be to blame 应受到责备 Who is to blame for the broken glass?
blame sb for sth; blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人的头上
10.be concerned about关心，担忧
be concerned with 和..有关
concerned adj. 担忧的，担心的 concerned parents
有关的（后置定语）the people concerned
concerning 关于(介词) Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that…
11.take (full) advantage of 充分利用 have an advantage over sb 比…
12.on/ over the radio, by radio on the phone; over the phone; by phone
13.post张贴 poster海报 Please post up the notice.
14. react to起反应 (respond to); react on有影响，有作用
15.inform sb of sth通知 informed了解情况的，见闻广识的
16. critic n.批评者 criticize (vt.) criticism n.
critical adj. 批评性的;
危急的，紧要关头的，关键时刻的
at the critical moment
a matter of critical importance极为重要
a critical stage in his illness
17.associate …with联系 (NBA association)
结交Don’t associate with bad boys.
18.get across传播;被理解，让…听懂
19.appeal to投合（兴趣）The idea appeals to me.
呼吁，恳求I appeal to your sense of justice/ responsibility.
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
求助于He appeals to me for help.
上诉 He appeals against the judge’s sentence.
n. His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.恳求，呼吁
The game has lost its appeal.吸引力
上诉权the right of appeal
20.keep an eye out for 当心，警惕
keep an eye on照看，照料
21.attract one’s attention to
pay attention to
draw one’s attention to吸引
devote one’s attention to专心于
fix one’s attention on
22.we differ from/ with(和) them on/about/over (关于)the question.
We differ in interests.(在某方面)
make a/ no/ some difference 有影响，有关系
23. attach …to…
1) 使附属于，使参加（某个团体）
The school is attached to (ZNU) Zhejiang Normal University.
I got lost so I attached oneself to another agency.
2)重视，认为…有重要性
He attaches great importance to study.
3)与…有关联
No blame attaches to him for the accident.
No blame can be attached to him…
be attached to喜欢，依恋
24.make a bargain with sb over sth关于sth和sb达成协议，做成交易
25.make sense有意义的 makes no sense 毫无意义
26.name sb as任命，指定
27.distinguish between A and B; distinguish A from B区别，辨别
distinguish oneself 表现突出
28.hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联的
篇17：Unit 3-6 重点词组4词组(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
U1.fix one’s attention/ eyes on集中注意力于
2.Identification Card 身份证
3.at first sight; lose one’s sight; at the sight of ;catch sight of;
out of one’s sight/beyond one’s sight/ in one’s sight
景色，景象（可数，常用复数）The sunrise is a beautiful sight.
4. have an appetite for (knowledge) 求知欲
5. at the appointed time
keep/break one’s appointment
make/fix an appointment with sb
6.be calculated to旨在，用意在
calculate on 指望
7.on purpose故意地; for the purpose of 为了…的目的
8.at one’s expense由某人负担费用
at the expense/ cost of牺牲，以…为代价
9. supply sth to/for sb; supply sb with sth
provide sth for sb; provide sb with sth
10.look out! = watch out!
look out for sth小心;留心, 找寻
11.be involved in (trouble) 卷入,忙于
12. the private/ state enterprise (私营/国营)企业
a spirit of enterprise 进取精神, 事业心
13. abandoned practice抛弃了的，废弃了的做法
14.a large amount of/ amounts of +u.n
15.experiment with/ on (animals)用…做实验
16.You deserve punishment/ punishing/ to be punished.
(同need/ want/require)
deserve attention值得注意
17.or else否则
18.be designed to do / for sth/sb专为…设计的，打算
be intended for/ to do
19.在脑海中出现某种想法A good idea occurred to me.
It occurred to me that…
20.in view可以看到，在望，临近
in view of 考虑到，鉴于
21.a bunch of 一束
22.lead a cosy life; a cosy little house
23.on a large scale大规模的
24.name after以…命名
25. in detail 详细地
篇18：Unit 3-6 重点词组U3(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
1. warn sb of (the danger)
2. 结果as a consequence= as a result= in consequence
因为as a consequence of= as a result of = in consequence of
3. have an influence/ effect on
4. transform into
5. differ…from
6. be sure to (说话人推测)一定，必然 He is sure to succeed.
be sure of（主语感到）有把握，确信 He is sure of success.
7. feed…on: The farmers feed the sheep on grass.
feed on 以…为食：Sheep feed on grass.
8. give birth to
9. I am in entire agreement with you. the entire day/ life
10. on purpose故意
11. keep out the wind/ cold…把…挡在门外
12. round up聚拢
13. go on a spring outing 春游
14. a roast duck
15. a medium size中等尺寸 He is of medium height/ weight…
16. barrier to
篇19：Unit 3-6 重点词组U6.(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)
1. quit sth/ doing sth
2. apply…to 把…应用到…
apply oneself to专心致志于，埋头于
apply for a job
3.on a scale of 按…的等级
on a large scale大规模的
4. add A to B 把A加到B 上
add to 增加了
add up 把…加起来
add up to 总计
5.more…than是…而不是,与其说…不如说
6.stand for支持，主张，提倡，拥护；代表; 容忍（否，疑）
7.circumstances 环境，情况（surroundings；conditions）
Circumstances permitting, I’ll go abroad to study.
in/under the circumstances在目前情况下
in/under no circumstances在任何情况下都不 (倒装)
8.fail to do sth succeed in doing sth; manage to do sth
9.lose heart 失去信心
lose one’s heart to sb 爱上sb
10.assess 评价，估计（价值，数值等） assessment
11.take it easy别紧张，放轻松点
Take your time. 慢慢来
12.keep up保持，继续; 使居高不下，保持高昂
She keeps up her spirits by singing.
in high/low/ good/ bad spirits心情，情绪
13.be cast away (被动)因沉船而流落于某地
14.on a desert island; a deserted street
15.do something oneself
16.the years to come = the coming years
17.leave…behind忘带，留下
18.be hard on够…受的;磨得厉害;对…苛刻;紧跟
19.in need of
20. be desperate for sth/ to do sth 急需…
21. accustom oneself to (介)习惯于
be accustomed to doing / sth = be used to doing sth
22.be lined with排列
23. anxiety for knowledge/ (to do sth) 求知的渴望
She was waiting for her son’s return with anxiety. /with joy
in despair / in surprise
be anxious about/ for担心
24.live through经历…（还活着）
25.the coming day; the day to come
26.to one’s relief 令人宽慰的是
relieve sb of sth减轻，解除某人的痛苦
27.go for 想法得到go for a job
go for a gold medal
喜欢 I don’t go for man of his type.
出去(进行某种活动) go for a walk
28.have difficulty (in) doing sth/ with sth
篇20：unit 18 teaching plan(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)
CONTENTS
I. Brief statements Based on the Unit 2
II. Teaching Goals 2
III. Teaching Plan: (Six Periods) 2
Warming up &Reading 3
Listening and Speaking 6
Integrating skills (WB) listening (WB) 7
Grammar……………………………………………..9
Integrating skills SB 19
TEACHING PLAN FOR UNIT 18 (Book 2B)
Inventions
I. Brief statements Based on the Unit
This unit mainly talks about inventions and what qualities we should have to create new things.. All the activities, including Warming up, Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing, focus on this topic. Through this topic, the students not only get more information about inventions, but also learn what to do to develop creativity.
In addition, the students can learn some useful language points through the materials provided in each part, especially a lot of words and phrases, which are very helpful for the students to build up vocabulary about inventions. The Grammar-the attributive clause is also important. The given materials and exercises give the students an opportunity to learn grammar by using it. It not only helps the students learn to give definitions to new things, but also reviews this part of the grammar as a whole.
All of the activities are helpful for the students to improve their knowledge about language and their skills to use language.
II. Teaching Goals
1. Talk about inventions.
2. Practise describing inventions.
3. Review the Attributive Clause.
4. Write a process essay..
III. Teaching Plan: (Six Periods)
Period 1&2: warming up and reading
Period3: listening and speaking
Period4: integrating skills (WB) and listening (WB)
period5: Grammar
period6: integrating skills(SB)
Warming up &Reading
GOALS:
To learn some basic knowledge about inventions in the 20th century which have changed our modern life so much..
Get the students to grasp the main idea of the passage and help them to understand the passage better.
Help the students to learn to be more creative.
Learn some useful words and expressions.
TEACHING PROCEDURES
I. Warming up
1. Lead-in
Show pictures of four great inventions of ancient China.
Say: Talking of inventions, we couldn’t help thinking of four great inventions of ancient China. Can you mention them? What are they?
China has a history of 5000 years. In history, four great inventions stand out in the hall of glory, which we are most proud of. They are the compass, paper, printing and gunpower. It shows that China led the world for centuries in science and technology in ancient times.
2. Brainstorming
Show pictures of inventions in the 20th century which have changed our modern life so much.
Say: What inventions can you think of which are invented in the last century?
In the first twenty years:
In the 1920s:
In the 1930s:
In the 1940s and50s:
In the 1960s to 80s:
In the last ten years of the century:
3.Discussion:
Q1: What are the functions of the inventions?
Q2: Are there any disadvantages of these inventions? If so, what are they?
Q3: Do you like all these inventions? Why or why not?
Q4: Have you ever heard of any inventors? Who are they?
4.Warming-up:
Individual work: Is there anything you would like to invent? If so, what and why?
Practice: Match each picture with the correct description below.
5. Discussion:
1) Which of these “inventions” do you think would be useful? Why?
2) Are there any disadvantages in them? If so, what and why?
3) What can we do to improve them?
4) What can we do after inventing new things?
Reading
Step 1 Lead-in
1) What do you think “high tech” means?
2) What do you think “state of the art” means?
Which one in the three pictures “is state of art”?
3) Can you think of any other “state of art”?
4 ) How did people make them? Did people make them by accident?
Step2 Reading
1 Skimming
1) Are some people born creative, or is it be possible to be creative?
2) Do you have to be very intelligent to be an inventor?
3) How do people come up with ideas for new inventions? How many ways are mentioned?
2 Scanning
Get the students to read the passage more carefully to carry out the following tasks:
1) Find out the meaning of each way.
2) Do some exercises, according to each way.
Think outside the box:
A plane crashed. Why nobody in the plane was injured?
When we cut a corner from a square-shaped desk with four corners, how many corners are left?
Why can a frog jump higher than a tree?
Take another look at it: Analyze some pictures.
Make connections: Some inventions made with connections
Keep trying: Some famous scientists that kept trying and succeeded.
3 True or False.
4 Deal with language points.
1) be born+ adj./n.
He was born blind.
She was born a singer.
2) come up with
Can scientists come up with ways of predicting tsunami（海啸）？
3) allow for
We must allow for the bus being late.
4) get/be stuck
The car got stuck in the mud.
5) break away from
Taiwan is part of China. It can’t break away from China.
6 be aware of/that-clause
Are you aware of your mistake?
She became aware that something was burning.
Step4 Post-reading
1 The following examples have been fixed up. Can you place them in the right titles of the passage?
1) According to Leonardo da Vinci, problems which had seemed impossible could be solved if he changed the way he described the problem.
2) Thomas Edison made a rule saying that he had to make an invention every ten days.
3) Mozart, who lived in Austria, wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
4) Einstein, who changed the world of physics forever with his Theory of Relativity, preferred
images of numbers.
3) Samuel Moorse, the man who invented the telegraph, got his idea by watching a rider exchange a tired horse for a new one.
2 How do you understand the title of the passage?
3 What other rules should you have if you want to be creative?
4 Of all the rules above, which one do you think is the most important? Why?
Step5 Homework
Write a passage to tell what rules you should have if you want to be creative, which one is the
most important and explain the reasons.
Listening and speaking
GOALS:
To enable students to know how to protect the patent rights and what an invention should be like..
Improve the speaking ability.
Practise supporting an opinion.
Have a better understanding of intellectual property rights.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Listening (SB)
1. Pre-listening: Go through the questions in Part1 and ask Ss what we should do to protect our patent rights
2. While-listening: Listen to the tape and finish exercises in Part1&2.
Check the answers at last.
3. Post-listening: Discussion:
What should a new thing be like in order to be given a patent?
2．Speaking
Step 1 Warming-up
1.With the development of the technology, our society has greatly changed. Have a discussion:
1). What advantages have cars brought us?
(convenient, travel fast, supply more posts, …)
2). What benefits have we got from computers?
(get more information, make communication easier, develop economy …)
2. What do you think of the inventor?
(Make the Ss aware of the importance of knowledge and try to learn harder.
3. Suppose you have invented an inflatable bike, what should you do?
State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) (国家知识产权保护局)
apply for a patent
pay attention to the time limit of a patent
Step 2 Speaking
1. The patent officer will ask you some questions. Think over what questions will be asked?
1) How does you invention work?
2) Why are they useful?
3) What does it look like?
4) How much does it cost?
5) How do people use it?
… …
2. Now you are in the patent office and want to apply for a patent. Look at P38. Suppose you are one of the inventors, make a dialogue with a partner. One is the inventor and the other is the patent officer.
Model:
( I-inventor; P --- Patent officer)
P: Now, please explain how your inventions work and why they are useful. Your invention is a car that uses water instead of petrol, isn’t it?
A: Yes, that’s right.
P: What does it look like?
A: It looks like an ordinary car. Here’s the picture. Please have a look.
P: Oh, it looks beautiful. What’s it made of?
A: It’s made of a new kind of alloy, which is much lighter.
P: Does it cost more?
A:A little bit. But it can save much more energy, so lots of money is saved. Besides, there is something even more important. It is good for our environment. It doesn’t pollute the air.
P: Sounds great. Thank you.
Step 4 Homework
1. Discuss: What qualities should one have to be an inventor to create new things.
2. Preview the integrating skills WB
3. Learn the new words of this unit by heart.
Integrating skills (WB) listening (WB)
GOALS:
Learn a reading passage to improve the students’ reading ability.
Introduce more cool inventions
Listening practice to improve the students’ listening ability
Teaching Procedures:
Integrating skills WB
Step 1 Revision
Say : What are the Four Great Inventions of ancient
China?
As modern men, we are so used to so many inventions that we do not realize how much they have changed our lives. Eyeglasses and sewing machine are two examples. Another, and perhaps more obvious, example is television, which has so altered our way of life that we just cannot imagine what our life would be like without it.
What kind of modern invention do you know?
Step 2 Fast-reading
Group project
Reading the passage in your WB, Then discuss with your group members to complete the chart below with the information from the text
inventions Possible uses
Invisible paint 1,interesting clothes
2,Help doctors see through the skin/hide things
Tiny robot help doctors operate on people in a safer and less painful way
Step3
Say: In our reading text, it describes new inventions and ideas. Some already exist and others may be come reality within 20 years.Today,I will show you more inventions
Conclusion:
Every invention can be of great value .But it is an easy thing to make an invention.Everybody, I think have the answer. Before an invention, inventor must have an idea, then make experiments again and again .perhaps making many errors and at last gain success. Remember success comes from failure. Any invention also experiences many hardships.
Discuss: What qualities should one have to be an inventor?
Listening WB
Step 1 pre-listening
George Stephenson ,a famous British inventors, made the first train, using a steam engine in 1825
Step 2 Listen to part1 of the tape .choose the best answers.
Step 3 Most great inventors often meet with a lot of trouble in their work. Listen to part 2
Homework:
Finish WB Vocabulary
Preview grammar:
Grammar: The attributive clause
Teaching Aim:
1. Revise the Attributive Clause, including the Restrictive Clause and the Non-restrictive Clause.
2. Revise the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
3. Tell the differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses, the attributive clause & the emphasis structure, and the attributive clause & the appositive clause
Teaching Important Point:
The usage of relative pronouns and adverbs
Teaching Difficult Point:
Help the students to master the way of choosing a relative pronoun or a elative adverb correctly, telling the differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses, the attributive clause & the emphasis structure, and the attributive clause & the appositive clause
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1: Greetings.
Step 2: Revision and lead-in
1) He is a famous scientist.
2) Who’s that girl in red?
3) I’ve read all the books that you lent me.
4) I have lost my pen, which I like very much.
T: Now look at the sentences on the screen. Pay special attention to the underlined parts. Is there anything in common between them?
S: Yes. They all identify the nouns, which are used with them. Each part tells us which thing or person the speaker is talking about.
T: That is to say, the function of each underlined part is the same. Each of them is used as an attributive to describe each noun. Well, are there any differences between them?
S: Yes. In he 1st sentence, the attribute is an adjective and put before the noun; the 2nd is a prepositional phrase put after the noun; the 3rd and 4th sentences are full sentences put after them.
T: You are right, what do we call the sentences put after them?
S: The Attributive Clause.
T: Quite right. In a complex sentence, the clause modifying a noun or a pronoun in the main clause is called an Attributive Clause. The noun or pronoun is called Antecedent. The word that/which introduces the clause (between the noun/pronoun and the clause) is called Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb. The relative pronouns or adverbs do 2 jobs at once. They can be used as subjects, objects, attributes or adverbials in the clause; at the same time, they join clauses together. About the use of them, we’ll have particular revision after a while. The attributive clause the restrictive attributive clause
the non-restrictive attributive clause
The adjective clause noun/pronoun + the attributive clause
the antecedent (person/thing) the relative pronouns/adverbs + clause
Now look at the sentences on the screen. Do complete the sentences with suitable relatives.
1) I know the reason why he came late.
2) Do you know the woman, whose son went to college last year?
3) The house whose color is red is John’s.
4) This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
5) That’s the town where he worked in 1987.
6) I have 2 brothers, who are both soldiers.
7) Next week, which you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.
8) I’ve tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of which fits me well.
Step 3: Summarize the Use of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
The use of the relative pronouns
Form 1:
The relative pronouns Referring to Function in the clause
Who Person(s) Subject/object
Whom Person(s) Object
That Person(s)/thing(s) Subject/object
Which Thing(s) Subject/object
Whose Person(s)/thing(s) (of whom/which) attributive
The use of the relative adverbs
The relative adverbs Referring to Function in the clause
When (=at/in/on which) Time Adverbial of time
Where (=in/at which) Place Adverbial of place
Why (=for which) Reason Adverbial of reason
Notice:
1) Pay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause, and then complete the sentences:
⑴ Those who want to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)
⑵ Te who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)
⑶ The is the only one of the girls who has been to Beijing. (have)
⑷ He is one of the boys who have seen the film. (have)
Conclusion 1:
1） When a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause, the verb must agree with the antecedent in person and number.
2） When the antecedent is the structure “one of +n. (pl.)”, the verb in the clause must be plural, agrees with the plural form. However, if there is “the” or “the only very” before “one”, the verb in the clause must be singular, agrees with the word “one”.
2) Practice: complete the following sentences with suitable relatives:
(1) The time when/that I went to Tokyo is in 1982.
(2) I’ll never forget the time which/that I spent at college.
(3) The shop which/that I bought the book in is big.
(4) The shop where/in which I bought the book is big.
Conclusion 2: when the antecedent is a noun for time or place “when “or “where” is not always used to introduce the clause. It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause.
3) The difference between “that” and “which”.
Complete the following sentences with “that” or “which”.
(1) This is the 2nd article that I have written in English.
(2) It is the best film that he has ever seen.
(3) This is the very book that I want to read.
(4) All that they told me surprised me.
(5) They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
(6) Who is the comrade that was there?
(7) There is a bed in the room that is still vacant.
(8) Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.
(9) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.
(10) The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
(11) The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on inside the house.
Conclusion 3:
1)when the antecedent refers to thing(s), “that” is often used in the following cases:
(1) after ordinal number and superlatives
(2) after the following words: all, only, little, few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), every(thing), some(thing), no(thing).
(3) after two or more antecedents, referring to both person(s) and thing(s).
(4) after interrogative pronouns “which” or “who”.
(5) When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.
(6) When the main clause begins with “there be “.
2) In the following cases, “which” is always used.
①After prepositions
②to introduce a non-restrictive attributive clause.
③The whole main sentence is the “antecedent” of the relative clause, and there is always a comma.
More exercises:
Fill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.
1) Tell me the reason why you were late for class.
2) Who is the girl that is speaking there?
3) This is Mr. Smith, who has something interesting to tell you.
4) The computer whose CPU doesn’t work has to be repaired.
5) This kind of computer, which is well-known, is out of date.
6) This is just the place that I’ve been longing to visit for years.
7) His mother is an engineer, which makes him very proud.
8) The old man has 4 sons, three of whom are doctors
Step 4: The attributive clause and the appositive clause
一、从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion. proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）
Word came that he had gone abroad.
据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）
Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.
(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.
他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。
（定语从句，代词all作先行词）
二、从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。（定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise。）
三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如：
That question whether we need it has not been considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）
I have no idea what has happened to him.
我不知道他发生了什么事。（同位语从句）
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。（同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成份，但不能省略）
The order (that) we received yesterday was that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。（定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）
Step 5: The attributive clause and the emphasis structure
强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。
定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。
1) It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began. (1995高考卷)
A. while B. which C. that D. since
2) ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.
A. It B. What C. So D. Such
3) It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000高考卷) A. one B. that C. what D. it
4) It was ____ he came to Macao ____ he knew what kind of place it was.
A. that; when B. until; that C. not until; when D. not until; that
5) ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
6) It was not until we came back from outside ____ out of his bed.
A. did he get B. when he got C. that he got D. then he got
7) When was it ____ you met him in the library?
A. where B. that C. in which D. which
8) It was near the place ____ there is a bomb ____ we found the dead man.
A. where; where B. where; that C. that; where D. that; that
Keys: 1)C; 2)A; 3)B; 4)D; 5)D; 6)C; 7)B; 8)B;
Step 6: Homework
Review the Attributive Clause and finish all the grammar exercises in the workbook.
Integrating skills SB
GOALS:
Learn a reading passage to improve the students’ reading ability.
Do some writing prac
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