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篇1:考研英语重点语法小总结
考研英语重点语法小总结
考研英语是一项很复杂的工程,构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考研英语中的基础是什么呢?毋庸置疑,对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好,想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的,倘若你的基础还不够好,笔者建议的考生务必扎扎实实,攻克语法关。对于考研英语难说,在语法的构造上有其自身的特点,实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解,所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢,各个击破考研英语中的语法难点,为顺畅解题做好铺垫。一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点:动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ( TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的'复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
二、省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(,翻译)
参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.
三、从句
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候,它会成为一个考点,所在在做题的时候,一定要辨清它到底是什么从句,正确地翻译出来。
例如:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.(,翻译)
分析:本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句,that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
总之,这是在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法,它们重点中的重点,每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中,希望广大考生引起足够重视,各个击破!
。篇2:考研英语的重点语法总结
2013考研英语的重点语法总结
考研英语是一项很复杂的工程,构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考研英语中的基础是什么呢?毋庸置疑,对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好,想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的,倘若你的基础还不够好,考研教育网考研教育网(微博)建议20的考生务必扎扎实实,攻克语法关。对于考研英语难说,在语法的构造上有其自身的特点,实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解,所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢,各个击破考研英语中的语法难点,为顺畅解题做好铺垫。考研教育网考研教育网考研英语教研室的专家们对历年考研语法进行了重点总结,希望对广大2013考研学子有帮助。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点:动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (20 TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的`委屈感。
省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems。(2002,翻译)
参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected。
从句
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候,它会成为一个考点,所在在做题的时候,一定要辨清它到底是什么从句,正确地翻译出来。
例如:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species。(2010,翻译)
分析:本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句,that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species。两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
总之,以上是考研教育网考研教育网考研英语教研组的老师们在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法,它们重点中的重点,每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中,希望广大考生引起足够重视,各个击破!
()篇3:考研英语重点语法总结与辅导
考研英语重点语法总结与辅导
考研英语是一项很复杂的工程,构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考研英语中的基础是什么呢?毋庸置疑,对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好,想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的,倘若你的基础还不够好,考研教育网建议的考生务必扎扎实实,攻克语法关。对于考研英语难说,在语法的构造上有其自身的特点,实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解,所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢,各个击破考研英语中的语法难点,为顺畅解题做好铺垫。考研英语教研室的专家们对历年考研语法进行了重点总结,希望对广大2013考研学子有帮助。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点:动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。 (来源:考研教育网)
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ( TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的.特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的 (来源:考研教育网)
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems。(,翻译)
参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected。
从句
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候,它会成为一个考点,所在在做题的时候,一定要辨清它到底是什么从句,正确地翻译出来。(来源:考研教育网)
例如:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species。(,翻译)
分析:本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句,that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species。两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
总之,以上是考研教育网的老师们在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法,它们重点中的重点,每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中,希望广大考生引起足够重视,各个击破!
篇4:考研英语复习:重点攻破语法
考研英语复习:重点攻破语法
考生已经走出考场,同时,有很多人已经开始在为的研究生考试做准备了。有一句谚语说得好:“The early bird catches the worm”,这句话一点儿也没有错,尤其对于基础薄弱的考生。可是,这么早就开启了复习之旅程,究竟要看些什么呢?背单词是大家开始复习时最喜欢做的事情,其实,语法的复习也不容忽视。
语法是考研英语的基础,这部分在研究生英语考试中不再单独考查,但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷的各个题型中。完型填空题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句,这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;作文中要写出正确无误的句子,也需要语法知识。这部分基础如果欠缺,其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢,所以所有考生都务必重视考研语法的复习。
语法复习起来应该有所侧重,必须有针对性,否则死扣语法,不但浪费时间,也不一定能有很好的效果。提醒考生在复习语法过程中要注意以下几个方面:
1.有一本正规的语法书
对于那些语法基础知识较差的考生,一本正规的语法书就像一本词典,随时可以帮助大家重拾记忆。考生可以根据语法书中系统复习一遍,找找当时学习英语的感觉。
2.重点掌握句法
句法对阅读及翻译写作都十分重要,因此必须重点复习。
3.有的放矢
通过对大纲的研读,以及对历年真题的分析和统计,得出考研英语常考的重点的语法知识包括:名词、代词的'数和格的构成及其用法;动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;常用连接词的词义及其用法;非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;虚拟语气的构成及其用法;各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法等。复习中要重点把握考研考查的语法体系,而不要陷入了盲目学习的误区。
4.以真题为依托
如果单纯地看语法书,那一定会很枯燥,学习效果也不好,跟真题中出现的语法长难句结合起来复习,不仅可以检验语法知识的掌握情况,还有助于深刻地了解真题中语法的考查角度。
看语法书的同时,要对基本的语法知识进行整理,形成一个体系,也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳,要手眼并用,不能只看不动手。另外,语法复习重在语法现象本身,而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。
那么,考研英语的语法掌握到什么程度就可以了呢?复习语法的目的是读懂文章、做对题目。英语成绩好的同学,肯定语法基础也不差,并且能熟练地将语法知识应用到阅读、做题中。英语成绩不好的同学,可能是语法基础不扎实,也可能是囫囵吞枣,对语法知识一知半解,不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。如果在阅读中面对一个长难句,能快速准确地抓住这个长难句的主干,理清各个成分之间的关系,并能正确翻译,那就说明对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错;如果达不到这个要求,就说明掌握的还不好,还需要强化复习。
最后,要跟大家强调的就是千万不要忽略了历年真题的作用,把真题利用好,能给你带来事半功倍的效果,省心、省时、省钱,而且还高效率。原因是出题人不是你,所以要把自己的思路往专家的思路上靠,这个靠的过程,还得是在做真题的过程中不断地总结和体会。
篇5:高二英语重点语法总结
(1)表语从句
1. 定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2. 构成:关联词+简单句
3. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类:
(1) 从属连词that。如:
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如:
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:
All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的`事了,但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she 高中地理 did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
解释:
1. 连词because可引导表语从句。如:
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
2. 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
(2)主语从句
1. 定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2. 构成:关联词+简单句
3. 引导主语从句的关联词有三类:
(1) 从属连词that。 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 从属连词whether。如:
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
上面为大家提供的高二英语语法总结,是大家学习高二英语语法时必备的手册,它会让你的英语学习变得更简单。
篇6:高一英语重点语法总结
1.because of因为……(注意和because 的区别)
2.even if(=even thoug)即使,用来引导让步状语从句
3.come up走上前来,走近,发生,出现 come up with 追上,赶上,提出
4.communicate with sb和某人交流
5.be different from…与……不同
be different in…在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。
6.be based on以……为基础
7.at present目前,眼下for the present眼前;暂时
8.make(good/better/full)use of
9.the latter后者 the former前者
10.a large number of大量的 the number of…的数量
11.such as例如
12.hold on坚持住,握住不放;(打电话时)等—会
13.…you will hear the difference in the way(that/in which)people speak.
你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
14.play a role/part(in)在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色
15.the same…as…与……一样
16.at the top of…在…顶上
at the bottom of在……底部
17.bring up教养,养育;提出
18.request sb(not)to do sth.要求某人做/不要做某事
19.be satisfied with…对……感到满意,满足于
20.suggest v.(request,insist…)
I suggested you do what he says.我建议你按照他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow.我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health.他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。
注意:insist 意思为“坚持要求”时后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为“强调,坚持认为”的时候,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她坚持认为她没撒谎。
21.according to…按照…根据…
篇7:高一英语重点语法总结
一. 直接引语和间接引语
(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化: 根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表结构)
He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)
5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
篇8:高一英语重点语法总结
现在进行时
1. 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。
[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2. 表示当前一段时间内的'活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时动作不一定正在进行)。
[例句] What are you doing these days?
3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、“方向”的词。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
过去进行时
1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2. 动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。
[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
一般现在时
1. 表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
[例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
一般将来时
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.
2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括:
(1) shall / will + 动词原形:(单纯) 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。
(2) be going to + 动词原形:(计划)打算做……。
(3) be about to + 动词原形:即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。
(4) be to + 动词原形:预定要做……。
(5) be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的动词连用。
现在完成时
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
[例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2. 常与介词for, during, in, within, over等引导的时间状语连用, 表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作, 常与several times, once, twice, frequently等频度副词连用。
[例句] I have been to the USA several times.
4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。
[例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。
[例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6. 在“级+ 名词”或在“这是第几次…”之后跟定语从句,从句用现在完成时。
[例句] ①This is the third time I have been there.
②This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
篇9:高二英语重点语法知识点总结
一、重点词汇
1.intention n.意图,意向.目的eg:.His good intentions were repaid hv good results. 他的善意得到了善报。
It wasn't my intent‘ion to fool you.我不想骗你。
相关链接:intend vt.打算用法拓展:intend to do/doing sth.打算干……
intend that…should do打算…… intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人干……
with the intention of doing sth.打算干…… withoht intention无意地特别提醒:①intend后接从句时.多用虚拟语气即should+动词原形;②intend, sb.to do sth.通常用在被动语态中;③intend的过去式表示“原打算……”。
案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三
考题1 (典型例题分)This book, as a surprise for his sister·was lost in the mail.
A.intended B.regarded C.taken D.recognized
2.absence n.不在,缺席;缺乏eg o
I soon noticed his absence from school.我很快便察觉到他缺课了。
After an absence of seven years,1 went home.外出7年后我返回了故乡。
相关链接:absent adj.缺席的;不在的用法拓展:be absent from不在.缺席 absence of mind心不在焉
during one's absence在某人外出期间 in one's absence—in
the absence of sb.某人不在时,某人外出时特别提醒:be absent ftom短语中用from。
考题2 (典型例题) He often asks his neighbour to look after his pet during his
A. lack B. absence C. leaving D. missing
考题2点拨:答案为B。此题考查during one's absenee这一结构。句意为;“他经常叫他的邻居在他外出时替他照顾宠物。”
3.apart adv.相隔.相距;除去;分开eg:New York and T6kyo are thou— sands of miles apart.纽约和东京相隔数千英里。
She lives apart from her family.她跟家人分开住。
Apart from a few faults,he is quite a good teacher.除了几个缺点外.他是个很好的老师。
用法拓展:aprt ftom除……之外tell…apart区分/分辨(两种事物),tear.一apart撕开.撕成块200 metres apart相距200米 fall apart土崩瓦解
考题3 (典型例题分)Do you have any difficulty the twin sisters?
A. to telling out B. telling out C. to tell apart D. telling apart
考题3点拨:答案为D。此题考查tell…apart”区分/分辨”.同时考查have some difficulty in doing sth.“有困难干某事”。句意为:“你分清这时双胞姐妹有困难吗?”
4.recommend u,.推荐。介绍;劝告,建议eg: Can you recommend me a good lawyer? ‘你能推荐一位好律师给我吗? I recommend you to see her at once.我劝你马上去看她。
She recommended buying this dictionary.她建议买这本字典。
相关链接:recommendation n.推荐.推举
用法拓展:recommend sb.sth.一recommend sth.to sb.向某人推荐某物 recommend sb.for sth.向某人介绍某事 recommend s1).to do sth.劝某人干某事(advise曲.to do sth.) recommend doing sth.建议干什么recommend that…建议……特捌提醒;recommend当“建议”讲后接从句时从句用should+动词原形.should可以省略。
考题4 (典型例题 分 ) How shall we go to that airport? Well. I recommend a taxi.
A. to take B. taking C. to taking D. take
考题4点拨;答案为B。此题考查recommend doing stK“建议干某事”。句意为:“我们怎么去机场?~我建议坐出租车去。”
5.contribute vt.贡献:捐献;投稿eg:
He didn't contibute anything to world peace. 他对世界和平毫无贡献。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益于健康。
相关链接contribution n.贡献用法拓展:contribute…to…向……捐款;对……有贡献contribute to…有助于……;向……投稿 make a contribution/contributions to…对……作出贡献
特别提醒:contribute…to…和make a contribution to…这两个短语中的to都是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语。
考题5 (典型例题)Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. relate to B. contribute to C. attend toD. devote to
考题5点拨:答案为B。contribute to…意为“有助于,促成”。句意为:“吃太多_的脂肪会引起心脏病并且会造成高.~-/K。”
二、重点短语
6.call up征召(服役);回忆起;调动(力量、人员等);打电话eg:
The old photograph called up memories of his ehildhood.
那张老照片唤起了他对童年时代的回忆。
He was called up right at the beginning of the war.
他是在战争一开始的时候被征召入伍的。
用法拓展call for需求,需要;(去)接caU on sb.拜访某人;号召
cau at some place拜访某地caU in请求收回;召来call back回电话特别提醒teall up中的up是副词,代词作宾语时必须放在中间。
篇10:高二英语重点语法知识点总结
1. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. (Reading)
would在此表示过去的习惯性动作,可译为“总会”。又如:
Whenever I went to see him, he would treat me with some home-made cakes.
每次我去看他,他总是用自制的糕点招待我。
would 还有以下用法:
(1) 表示意愿。如:
He wouldn’t let the doctor take his blood pressure.
他不愿意让医生量他的血压。
(2) 表示猜测。如:
That would be in 1976, I think.
我想那大概是在1976年。
(3) 表示倾向。如:
The window wouldn’t open.
窗子怎么也打不开。
2. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.(Reading)
look forward to指热切地期盼着一件事或行动。此短语中的to是介词,所以后面的宾语应为名词或动词的-ing形式。如:
We are looking forward to my uncle’s visit with great pleasure.
我们高兴地等着叔叔来作客。
We’re looking forward to seeing him again.
我们期望再见到他。
含有介词to的动词短语还有 lead to(导致,通向), be/get used to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), devote...to(致力于,献身于), prefer...to(喜欢……胜过……), get down to(开始认真干某事)等。
3. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.(Reading)
as though和as if 意义相同,都表示“似乎”、“好像”之意。当说话人认为句子所述是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,as though / if 从句要用虚拟语气。如:
He talked as if he knew all about it.
他说起来好像了解一切。
It seemed as if the day would never end.
似乎白天永远也过不完。
I feel as though I were ten years younger.
我觉得我仿佛年轻了十岁。
She looks as if she had not slept last night.
她看起来好像昨晚没睡觉。
He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.
他谈起金字塔来,就像亲眼见过似的。
当说话人认为所述的情况可能发生时,as though / if从句可用陈述语气。如:
It seems as if our team is going to win.
看来我们队要胜了。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
好像要下雨。
篇11:高二英语重点语法知识点总结
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略 关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
2、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等连用
倒装
1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装:
2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动,句子用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装:
注:①主句倒装,从句不倒装。
②Only+主语置于句首时,不倒装。
5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时,要部分倒装:
6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒装:
注:not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。
7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定时,要全部倒装:
e.g.:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
8.so/such…that句型中,把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时,主句要部分倒装:
9.as引导的让步状语从句,常把表语、状语置于主首,用倒装:
注:如果表语是单数可数名词,该词前一般不加冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时,用倒装:
11. Such作表语放在句首时,表示强调,用倒装:
12. 为了保持句子平衡,或使上下文连接更紧,可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前,用全部倒装语序:
过去分词与现在分词
一、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式)
现在分词的构成
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词的构成:done
二、过去分词的用法
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式。
过去分词用法如下:
1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面。
2.作表语
3.作宾语补足语
4.作状语
三、现在分词的用法
1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面,它的功用相当于定语从句。
2. 作表语
3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。
注1:上述句子也可以变为被动式。如:Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
注2:复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了,指事物的全过程;分词则表示动作正在进行。
Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心,总会走好运。
意见反馈
篇12:高二英语重点语法知识点总结
1.wish希望
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
Wish that…
注意: 引导的宾语从句,谓语动词用虚拟形式, 可以表示对现在/当时;过去;未来的“希望”
eg. I wish that I were five years old.
I wish that I had studied hard before.
I wish that I could walk in space some day.
wish sb. sth.
Eg. I wish you good luck.
2. Which do you think is the most important?
Do you think 是插入语,不影响句子的整个结构。Do you think 插入到疑问句中, 句子应使用陈述句语序。
Eg. How much do you think I should pay for the book?
3. if so倘若是(那样的话)……
eg. If so , I won’t ask you for help.
4.How do you improve society?
society“社会”,使用时不加冠词。
Eg. The thief is dangerous to society.
5. It is likely that many of them will be born in …
likely 是形容词, 与possible 意思相同, 但possible只可用于这样的结构:it is possible that…;likely还可:sb. be likely to do
eg. He is likely to win the game.
6. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University
include“包括”,指“部分包含”,划线部分还可以:
Peking University and Tsinghua University included
contain意思是(全部)容纳
Eg. I lost my wallet which contained 200 dollars, including two coins.
7. set up建立, 指“搭建并成立”
eg. We set up a new school and the students there were very happy.
put up单纯指“搭建”
Eg. They put up a new house.
found “成立, 建立”,尤指“国家、组织等”的建立
Eg. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
8. in the late 1990’s在二十世纪90年代后期,在年代前的冠词the不能省略。
9.They all share the spirit of…
spirit“精神,灵魂”是不可数名词;
spirits“情绪”,固定要用复数形式。
Eg. The students are in high spirits.
10. …made Zhongguancun a success.
success“成功”,是一个不可数名词
Eg. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
a success 意思是“一件成功的事/一个成功的人物”
succeed 是动词
succeed in doing sth. 介词in不可省略
11. …is one of those who have returned to China after studying and working abroad.
abroad 是副词。副词作定语需后置。
Eg. I have a lot of friends at home and abroad.我有很多国内国外的朋友。
go abroad出国
12.…and work with some of the top scientists…
top scientists 优秀、顶尖的科学家
top students 好学生,尖子生
13.come true 实现
eg. My dream came true.
come此处是系动词。有些常作为行为动词的词也可作系动词。
Eg. go hungry 挨饿
go bad 变质
14.rely on =depend on 依赖,依靠
15. Not all the new companies can succeed.并非所有的公司都能成功。
All\both\everyone\everything用于否定结构中表示部分否定。
Eg. Not everyone likes the film.并非每个人都喜欢这个电影。
16.We are not making that much money yet.
That此处相当于so, 表程度。
17.aim at把目标投在……
此处aim是动词,aim也可作名词.
18. prove“证明”,多作系动词,不用被动
It proved (to be )correct.
1.高二的英语语法知识点归纳大全
2.高三英语知识点总结归纳精选5篇
3.最详细高一英语知识点总结归纳5篇
4.最新高一英语知识点总结5篇
5.精选高一英语知识点总结5篇
篇13:2020高一英语重点语法总结
用现在进行时表示将来
意为:“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week?
比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……” He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
虚拟语气1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 : 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”,不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
(错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”;if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
篇14:高一英语重点语法总结
一、不定冠词
不定冠词a,an与one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的人或事物。
A用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前,而不是元音字母前。
a university in Asia
1.表示同类中的任何一个
A cat has nine lives.
2.表示泛指的某人、某物
I know a John Lennon,but not the famous one.
3.表示数量的
He has a daughter.
4. 表示单位数量的每一
I earn 10 dollars an hour.
5.表示相同的
The two birds are of a color.
6. 用于集体名词前
He grows up in a large family.
7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前
China has a long history.
二、定冠词的用法
1.表示特定的人或物
2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物
主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun,the moon,the earth
3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处
1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天
2) 具体某年的某个季节,需用冠词。 In the summer of the year
3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second
4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor
5)用于复数姓氏前,表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths
6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano
7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound
1. 用于复数名词前
复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。
2. 用于不可数名词前
不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词。如: Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。
Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。
He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。
3.用于专有名词前
在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词。如:
Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词。如: The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here.
4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前
有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。
She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。
这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如:―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。
5. 用于职务及头衔前
当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词。如: Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。
6. 在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词。
We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。
7. 用于某些固定结构中
go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at least 至少
at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上
on foot 步行 face to face 面对面
篇15:英语b级语法重点总结语法
A. 知识要点
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。
1.不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要表示数量多少,需在其前面加量词来表达。如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议)
2.名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”,如:Mary’s room;如原词已有复数词尾-s,则只加“’”,如:the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词;名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成,通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom.
B.例题讲解
What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.
A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures
解析:此题考查名词的单复数。Furniture 为不可数名词,后面不能加s。很多家具用many pieces of furniture,因此答案为C。
篇16:英语b级语法重点总结语法
代词用于指代。包括:人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。
1.many, few和a few一般只能修饰或指代可数名词,much, little和a little 一般只能修饰或指代不可数名词。a few 和a little表示“有一些”,具有肯定意义,而few和little表示“几乎没有”,具有否定意义。many和much表示“许多”。
2.表示“全部”:两者用both,三者以上用all;
表示“全无”:两者用neither,三者以上用none或no one;
表示“任一”:两者用either,三者以上用any。
3.other, others, the other, the others, another的区别
(1)other作形容词修饰名词,泛指“别的、其他的”。有时会放在some, any, every,
no等词之后。e.g. We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.
(2)others是代词,泛指“其他人或物”。如:I'm glad to help others.
(3)the other特指范围内的另一个(范围内一共两个)。One„„the other
e.g. I have two friends. One is from Australia, the other is from Japan.
(4)the others特指范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个)。
e.g. There are forty students in our class. Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others are girls.
(5)another指同类中(三个或三个以上)的“另一个”,是指其中不确定的另一个。
e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee?
B.例题讲解
1)The baby is hungry, but there’s ______ milk in the bottle. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 28)
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
解析:A。milk是不可数名词,所以只能用little/a little修饰,而根据题意“宝宝饿了,但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了”,只能选little。
2)She has two best friends. ______ of them is in the country. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 44)
A. All B. Both C. No one D. Neither
解析:D。代词all表“所有”和both表“两者都”,其后的谓语动词需要用复数。neither表“两者都不”,其后的谓语动词用单数。
3)—It’s time to tidy your room, Harry! (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 33) —See the tidy room, Mum! _______ is where it should be. Test 5
A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing 解析:C。根据说话人所说内容可以知道,房间里一切都很整洁,含有整体性,应用everything。Anything主要用于疑问句和否定句中。
4)The red flower goes from one to _______ in the class. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 27)
A. the other B. others C. another D. other
解析:C。按照句意传花不是两者之间(from one to the other),而是三者以上(from one to another),故选C。
英语b级语法:冠词
A. 知识要点
冠词是一种虚词,用在名词前面,说明名词是特指还是泛指。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念,用于单数可数名词前。a用在辅音开头的词前,an用在元音开头的词前。如:
an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年;
2. 定冠词:the表示“特指的一个或一些”。通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前,或世界上独一无二的事物前;也用于乐器名词前。如:
the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴;
3. 不使用冠词的情况:在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。在某些惯用词中也不用冠词,以具体名词表示抽象概念。 如:
have lunch吃午饭/ play basketball打篮球/ go to school上学
B.例题讲解
1)______ girl dressed ______ black is her sister Rose. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 34)
A. A; in B. A; on C. The; on D. The; in
解析:D。介词in可表示“穿(戴)”的意思。此外,特指“穿黑色衣服的女孩”,
用定冠词the.
2)He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 36)
A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the
解析:C。演奏的乐器名词前+the。Music为不可数名词,其前不可用a/an,而题意“对音乐感兴趣”并没有特指哪种音乐,也不可用the.
3)He goes to ______ church every Sunday. ______ church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand.
A. a, the B. /, The C. The, the D. /, a
解析:B。go to church“做礼拜”是惯用法,不用冠词。“他常去的教堂”表特指,前加the。
篇17:英语b级语法重点总结语法
A. 知识要点
数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词。
1.基数次表示数量(one, two, three„),序数次表示次序(first, second, third„)。
2.数词hundred, thousand, million不用复数;其“复数+of”可表示数百、数千、数百万,如:three thousand 三千/ thousands of trees(数千棵树)
3.在表达年龄时,注意以下表达法:
He is six years old.(其中year须用其复数)
He is a six-year-old boy.(其中year不用复数)“他6岁了。”横线连接时不需要在其后加“s”。
B.例题讲解
1)They have learned about ______ in recent years. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 37)
A. several hundreds English words B. hundreds of English words
C. hundred of English words D. several hundred English word 解析:B。hundreds of 之类的短语之前也可加many,several之类的词修饰。A项的错误在于hundreds后缺少of。
2)Nancy is ______ girl. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 29)
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-years-old
C. a eighteen-years-old D. an eighteen-year-old
解析:D。eighteen-year-old是一个由连字符连接的复合形容词(其中year不用复数),作girl的定语。同时,由于eighteen是元音开头的词,前面的不定冠词用an。
篇18:高三英语知识点重点语法总结
高三英语语法知识点1
地点状语从句
1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。
注意:where与where的区别:Where表特定的地点,而wherever表示非特定的地点。
Wherever=to/at any place where
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
Where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先行词。
原因状语从句
引导词:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that
注意:for也可以表示原因,属并列连词,但不是说明直接原因,而是对某种情况加以推断,用于表示补充说明理由。
目的状语从句
引导词:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that(以便,为了),in case,for fear that,lest(以免,以防),
目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would等。
注意:1、in case 还可表示“万一,假如”。
2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替,但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
高三英语语法知识点2
英语中过去分词可作宾补,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如:
She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态。)
一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语:少说多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:
A)表“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表“遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受....影响,蒙受..... 损失”
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如:
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET)
高三英语语法知识点3
名词性从句中的易错点
(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句?
定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如:?
①Along?with?the?letter?was?his?promise?that?he?would?visit?me?this?coming?Christmas.?
②Do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm?that?we?visited?three?months?ago.?
解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the?chicken?farm起修饰作用。?
(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点?
1)?名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:
It’s?a?pity?that?he?don’t?come?to?give?a?speech.(形式主语)
We?think?it?possible?that?you?can?finish?the?job?today.(形式宾语)??
2)谓语动词?appreciate,?dislike,?hate,?like,?love,?
make等接由if或when?引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.?例如:
I?would?appreciate?it?if?you?could?come?to?my?birthday?party.??
3)动词hare,?take,?hide,?punish,?put等,后接由that?引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.?例如:
①?I?take?it?that?you?will?be?leaving?Shanghai?soon.?
②?we?punished?it?that?we?had?finished?the?project?ahead?of?time.??
4)短语动词answer?for,?count?on?depend?on,?insist?on,?
see?to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it.?例如:①?I’m?counting?on?it?that?you?will?come.?②?She’ll?see?to?it?that?he?goes?ahead.?注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.??
高三英语语法知识点4
under age 未成年,未达到规定年龄
He was rejected by the army because he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒绝参军。
You shouldn’t sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不应该把香烟卖给没未成年的青少年。
under arrest 被捕
You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。
He was soon put [placed] under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。
under attack遭受攻击
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因为决定要关闭工厂,公司受到猛烈攻击。
under consideration 在考虑中;在研究中
The question is now under consideration. 这个问题正在考虑中。
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部正在研究这个方案。
under construction 在建造中
The new railway is under construction. 新铁路正在修建当中。
The bridge is under construction. 这座桥正在建造中。
There are two new hotels near here under construction. 附近正在兴建两家新的旅馆。
under control 在控制中
They soon got the fire under control. 他们很快把火势控制住。
It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 这个老师花了几个月的时间才管住了他的班级。
under copyright 享有版权
The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍然享有版权,因此你必须支付引用费。
under cover 在隐蔽处;秘密地;在信封或邮包中
Plans for the attack were made under cover. 进攻计划是秘密制定的。
The check came under cover in yesterday’s mail. 支票是装在信封里和昨天的信一道寄来的。
under discussion 在讨论中;在审议中
That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 那与正在讨论的事无关。
That’s another topic that will come under discussion. 那是另一个要讨论的问题。
under examination 在检查中;在审查中
The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受审。
The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在审查中。
under fire 在炮火中;被攻击中
We were under fire from all sides. 我们遭到了来自四面八方的射击。
The headmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole the car. 校长由于没有开除那几个偷汽车的学生,受到责难。
under guarantee 在保修期内
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保证书还有效,所以厂家会给修理的。
The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽车还在保修期内,所以你应该可以免费修理。
under oath 在法庭上宣过誓要说实话
The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提醒证人他已宣誓不作伪证。
under obligation 有义务;一定要
The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成损失的人有义务赔偿。
【注】在现代英语中通常用under an [no] obligation的形式:
You’re under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 没有订购的货物就无须付款。
She’s under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因为他把钱错给她了,所以她有偿还他的义务。
高三英语语法知识点5
虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式
1. 用在虚拟条件句中
例1:I would certainly go if I had the time.
例2:How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.
例3:She would have come if we had invited her.
注:如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could,有时可把if省略掉,但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如:
1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.
2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.
3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
2. 用在含蓄条件句中
句子中,假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来,而是用一个介词短语来表示,句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。
这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如:
1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.
2)But for your help, we would have failed.
3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.
4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.
3.用在错综时间条件句中
有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整,这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如:
1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句则假设与现在情况相反)
2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)
4.用在wish后的宾语从句中
这种句子主要表示愿望,that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时。例如:
1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反)
2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反)
3)I wish he would try again.(对将来情况的假设)
若wish 后的宾语从句中用would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。例如:
1)I wish you would help us.
2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.
篇19:初一初二英语重点语法总结
名词:所有事物的名称
1,名词的种类:
专有名词:首字母大写(山脉,河流,国家等)China
普通名词:首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ,pen
2,名词的数:
可数名词:可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler,pen,pencil
不可数名词:不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread,meat,water,
可数名词变化规则
1,一般加s,例如:pen---pens
2,以s,sh,ch,x结尾加es,例如:bus—buses,brush—brushes,watch—watches,box—boxes
3,以辅音字母加y结尾,去掉y为I 加es 例如:baby---babies
4,以f,fe 结尾,去掉f,fe 加ves life---lives, leaf---leaves
5,以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如:hero---heroes,tomato---tomatoes,potato---potatoes,mango---mangoes
6,复合名词遇见man,woman两个词时,两个名词都要加复数
A man teacher---two men teachers
不规则的变化
Is,am----are, his,her,its----their,does---do,has---have,his,hers,its---theirs,
Isn’t ---aren’t , I ---we, you---you,me---us,he,she,it---they,him,her,it---them,
Your---your,yours---yours,my---our,mine---ours,that---those,this---these,fish—fish,sheep---sheep,deer---deer,Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese,man---men,woman—women,tooth---teeth,foot---feet,mouse---mice
单数句变成复数句
This is my book--- These are our books
不可数名词的量化
A cup of 一杯。。。,a glass of 。。。一玻璃杯,a tin of 。。。一听。。。,a can of 。。。一罐。。。,
A box of 。。。一盒子。。。,a bag of 。。。 一包。。。,a bar of 。。。一条。。,a piece of 。。。一片。。。
例如:I have a cup of water 我有一杯水 I have two cups of water 我有两杯水
I have a box of apples 我有一箱苹果,I have two boxes of apples 我有两箱苹果
名词所有格:
人:名词+‘s 或者 名词s +’例如:Tom’s bag, Teachers’ desks
物:名词+of +名词 例如:a bag of my school
双重所有格:s’+of a friend of my father’s
Lily and Lucy’s room 丽丽和露西的房间(共有的)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms 丽丽和露西的房间(各自有的)
介词和时间的搭配:
at at 点时间, at 7:00 在七点 on 具体日期 on Monday 在星期一 in 年,季节,世纪 in , in July, in this century 介词和地点的搭配 At 具体的地点: at the airport 在机场,at the doctor’s 在医院 On 在平面上,on the farm 在农场上 In 在。。。里面, in the park 在公园里,in Guiyang,在贵阳 There be 句型:某地有某物,(就近原则) There is a pen and two pencils =There are two pencils and a pen Ask 。。。about 询问关于 I ask you about my school我询问你关于我的学校 Ask 。。。for 向。。。要。。。 I ask you for some books 我向你要一些书 Thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your book 谢谢你的书 Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事,Thanks for giving me a book 谢谢你给我一本书 句型转换 肯定句----否定句 有be,be后加not,有情(can),情后加not,没be 和情时,don’t ,doesn’t 来充数,位置放在动词前,动词还原要牢记,doesn’t 跟着他,她,它。 He is happy ---He is not happy He can run---He can’t run He likes apples ---He doesn’t like apples I like bananas ---I don’t like bananas 肯定句---一般疑问句 有be,be 句首,有情(can),情句首,没be 和情时,Do,Does 放句首,动词还原要牢记,Does 跟着他,她,它 He is happy---Is he happy? He can run ---Can he run ? He likes apples ----Does he like apples ? I like bananas ---Do you like bananas ? Be动词的搭配,am 跟我,are 跟你,单数is ,复数are ,is 跟着他,她,它 I am ,you are ,he is ,she is ,it is ,we are ,they are ,Tom is , Boys are 冠词的用法: 定冠词:the, 不定冠词:a,an 定冠词的用法: 特指:There is a pen on the desk那儿有一支钢笔在书桌上 2,文中第二次提起: I have a pen ,the pen is blue 我有一支钢笔,这支钢笔是蓝色的。 3,世界上独一无二的事物:The sun is red 太阳是红色的 4,在西洋乐器前,I can play the piano我能弹钢琴 5,在姓氏复数前,表示一家人 The Greens 格林一家 6,形容词前,表示一类事物, The young are happy年亲人很开心 7,形容词的最高级: He is the tallest boy 他是最高的男孩 8,序数词前:The second boy is Peter 第二个男孩是皮特 9,部分专有名词:The Great Wall 长城 不定冠词的用法 辅音用a,元音用an,可数单数才用它 A pen, an orange , an apple , an egg , an ice cream ,an umbrella ,a useful book ,a“u”,an “F”,an“L”,an“M”,an“N”,an“x”,an“s” 不用冠词: 1,一日三餐前: I have lunch 我吃中餐 2,球类,棋类, I play chess 我下象棋, Iplayfootball我踢足球 3,星期 I go to school on Monday 我在星期一去上学 4,月份: Children’s Day is in June儿童节在六月 5,年份 He was born in他出生于 6,节日前: On Teachers’ Day 在教师节 7,学科前:I have math class 我上数学课 8,语言:I speak English well 我说英语很好 代词: 人称代词: 主格:I you he she it they we 我 你/你们 他 她 它 他们/她们/它们 我们 宾格:me you him her it them us 位置:主在前,宾在后,介词,动词在中间 I like apples 我喜欢苹果 My teacher likes me 我的老师喜欢我 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词:my your his her its our their 我的 你的/你们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 他们的 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 位置:形物放在名词前,名物放在动两边 My book is here 我的书在这里 Mine is good 我的很好 I like yours 我喜欢你的 Many 和much 的区别 I have many books 我有许多书(可数名词复数) I have much water我有许多水(不可数名词) How much is the book?这本书多少钱?(价钱) Some和any 的区别 I have some books 我有一些书(肯定句) Do you have any books ?你有书吗?(疑问句) Idon’t have any books 我没有书(否定句) Can I have some water ?我能喝些水吗?(请求) 数词 序数词:first,second ,third (有顺序的数词) 基数词:one ,two,three(基本的数字的词语) 基数词---序数词: One---first,two---second ,three---third,four---fourth,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth Twelve---twelfth,twenty---twentieth,twenty—one---twenty-first 基数词+名词复数: I have two books 我有两本书 序数词+名词单数:He is the third boy 他是第三个男孩 形容词:放在名词前,修饰名词例如:beautiful 美丽的。It’s a beautiful map 它是一张漂亮的地图 副词:放在动词后,修饰动词例如:fast 快, He runs fast 他跑得很快。 形容词前面, He is really good 他是真真地很好 形容词和副词级的变化规则 口诀:长加前,短加后,长前加more ,most ,短后er,est, 长加前: The book is as interesting as that one 这本书和那本书一样有趣 The book is much more interesting than that one 这本书比那本书有趣得多 The book is a little more interesting than that one 这本书比那本书有趣一点点 The book is even more interesting than that one 这本书甚至比那本书更加的有趣 短加后。 一般直接加er,est, He is taller 他更高, He is the tallest 他最高 以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个辅音字母,并且加er,est 例如:thin---thinner---thinnest He is thinner 他更瘦 He is the thinnest 他最瘦 以不发音的e结尾加r,st 例如:nice—nicer---nicest It’s nicer 它更加美好 It’s the nicest 它是最美好的 以辅音字母加y 结尾,去掉y加ier,iest early---earlier----earliest He gets up earlier 他起床更早 He gets up earliest 他起床最早 不规则的级的变化: bad----worse---worst (坏的) ill---worse---worst(生病的) many---more---most (很多) much---more---most(很多) good---better---best(好的) well----better---best(好的) old----elder/older---eldest/oldest(老的) far---farther/further---farthest/further(远的) little---less---least(少的) 级的变化的标志: 原级: as 。。。。as 和。。。一样。He is as tall as me 他和我一样高。 比较级:than,比,much很多,a little一点,even甚至 He is much taller than me 他比我高很多 He is even taller 他甚至更高 He is a little taller 他只是高一点点 He is taller than me = I am not as/so tall as him 他比我高 最高级:the ,of , He is the tallest of all boys 他是所有男孩中最高的 He is the tallest in my class 他在我的班里是最高的 级的使用方式: 1,比较级+and +比较级,越来越。。。 He is taller and taller 他是越来越高了 the +比较级,the +比较级,越。。。,越。。。。 The more you learn ,the better you will be 你学习越多,你就越好 He is taller than any other student in my is the tallest student in my class 他在我的班里是最高的学生 一般将来时:将来将要发生的动作或者状态 结构:will/shall(第一人称疑问句)+动词原形(无计划,自然发生) 结构2:be(am,is ,are)+going to do (打算做某事,有计划) 标志词:tomorrow明天,in+时间段(。。。之后),in the future 在将来,following +时间段(接下来的。。。), He will go to Beijing tomorrow 明天他将要去北京 =He is going to Beijing tomorrow He will be better in the future 将来他将会更好 He will play football in the following week =He is going to play football in the following week 他将会在接下来的一周里踢足球 宾语从句:从句在复合句里冲淡宾语的句子 例如: I don’t know where you are 我不知道你在哪里(陈述语气) I want to know if you are right 我想要知道你是否是对的 He told me the earth is round 他告诉我地球是圆的 动词不定式:to +动词原形+sth 做主语的时候: It is good to study English well 学习英语好是很好的事情 =To study English well is good 做宾语的时候:动词词组:动词+to do sth I want to do housework 我想要做家务 做补语的时候: I ask you to do homework 我叫你去写作业 I believe it good to learn English well 我相信学好英语是很好的 I think it good to learn English well 我认为学好英语是很好的 I find it good to learn English well 我发现学好英语是很好的 I discover it good to learn English well 我发现学好英语是很好 I feel it good to learn English well 我感觉学好英语是很好的 I make it good to learn English well 我使得学好英语是很好的 邀请和应答: Would you like some milk ?你想要一些牛奶么? Would you like something to eat ?你想要吃一些东西么? 回答:Yes,I’d love to 是的,我很想。 Sure=certainly =of course,当然,I’d love to 我想要。 Sorry ,I can’t 对不起,我不能 Sorry ,I am afraid not 对不起,我恐怕不行 ★ 考研英语学习计划 ★ 高考复习方法总结 【考研英语重点语法小总结(精选20篇)】相关文章: 高中英语如何学习才高效2023-06-01 考研英语新大纲发布 小作文如何备考2023-03-19 考研英语详细复习计划2023-01-17 考研英语复习计划2022-09-17 高中学好英语计划书2022-08-15 英语复习计划2022-09-07 高三英语复习计划心得体会2022-04-30 高二英语学考备考计划2023-01-21 关于初三英语复习计划2022-10-11 高三下期英语备课组工作总结2023-11-11篇20:初一初二英语重点语法总结