提高雅思阅读能力的方法(共7篇)由网友“奉天葡萄真君”投稿提供,下面是小编收集整理的提高雅思阅读能力的方法,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1:提高雅思阅读能力的方法
详解提高雅思阅读能力的方法
对于学生们在课上和做题中的有些情况,我把影响同学做好阅读题的原因和解决方法归为以下三个:
首先,当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章,都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言,范围是十分丰富的,主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志,内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而ielts考试所考查的,是实际运用语言的能力,所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词,或是题目中真正考查到的单词,往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多,难度不大,但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言,掌握6000左右的常用词汇,即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二,复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右,但是依然感觉读不懂文章,这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如:The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子,主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句,充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面,有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言,对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句,倒装结构,所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三,题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生,在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解,或是被众多题型干扰,不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等,可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型,普遍感到非常难找。其实不然,只要记住两大原则即可。原则一,顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序,必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二,完整的summary,不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义,而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中,除了要做IELTS考题之外,还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章,在网站上可以找到,目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解,并把握其主旨。同时,在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大,平时可多加练习。另外,为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯,不能边看边用嘴跟着读,眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到),先不要紧张,要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义,或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测,如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义,可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的,还是否定的,实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了,实在不行就做上记号,将来看一看是否影响答题,如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读之文章整体深入分析
一,识别文章类型
阅读真题中出现频率较高的三种文章类型分别为描述型,阐释原因型以及论述结果型。考生要训练自己在阅读中辨别所读文章属于哪种类型,以更好地了解作者的写作意图,利于解题。
二,了解文章结构
了解文章结构对提高阅读效率非常必要,但实力不够强的考生达到这个目标还需要多加练习。
在剑桥雅思系列文章中,有一种实验类文章经常会在真题中出现。例如剑V系列的Test 1中的Passage 2, Nature or Nurture, 该文选自Paradigms Lost, 在讲述此次试验的过程中,一步步展示出文章结构,文章写作思路相当清晰,遵循了‘话题引入 – 介绍试验宗旨 / 目的— 试验操作— 预计结果— 公布结果— 讨论/分析 – 展望 / 提出新的课题 ’的线索,如果考生能够体会到这样的结构,无疑会使应对后面的问题变得轻松。不仅判断题的信息所在位置变得明确,而且对于考生普遍畏惧的段落标题配对题也会提升正确率。
事实上不仅实验类文章如此,其他如说明类,议论类都有内在的规律可以遵循,只要考生善于思考,勤于练习,就一定会有收获。
三,概括句子大意
备考雅思的学生一定会对阅读文章中出现的长难句留有深刻的印象。由于文章是建立在专业基础上针对非专业学生的阅读,所以其学术化,句子偏长也就在所难免了。然而考试时间紧,题目多,压力大,对于长难句若没有解决策略,将使考生感觉雪上加霜。
那么,如何提高对于长难句的理解能力呢?
练习让长难句减肥,抽取主干成分的有效信息来概括句子大意是行之有效的方法之一。
通常可以将位于句子不同位置的修饰成分去掉,一般为定语,状语,补语以及插入语等,而保留主干成分的主语,谓语,宾语结构,以简化句子结构,利于理解。但是需注意,要联系上下文,若不能通顺,则要将原来句子中的一些修饰成分逐一补回,说明其中的某些修饰成分如定语,状语是语义表达的核心。
如果在操作过程中出现了对句子成分的模糊或不理解,要尽快补足语法上的欠缺,主要是句子成分方面的知识点。
四,关于有效阅读
人们阅读时往往停留在刚开始学习阅读时的状态,所学得的技巧是如何读“词”,了解词义对于理解文章是必需的,但是不够的。要想进行更有效地阅读,还必须采取另一个层次的阅读方式,即阅读文章的内容和结构,这是由于雅思阅读考试的考核目标除了对文章细节的理解能力以外,还有对文章综合大意的把握能力,换言之,考察学生阅读文章的方式和理解文章的能力。因此,考生不能仅满足于词汇的知晓,还应注意培养阅读时从大处着眼,高屋建瓴,从文章结构来加强对整体大意理解的能力。
篇2:提高雅思阅读能力浅谈
不少学生反映在考试中阅读的时间最紧张,常常是做完了两个section,时间也快到了。的确,在60分钟的时间里,不仅要阅读完总共约3500字的文章,并且要完成40道题目,还要准确无误地将40个题目的答案誊写到答题卡上。这无疑对考生的阅读速度提出了很高的要求。
对于学生们在课上和做题中的有些情况,我把影响同学做好阅读题的原因和解决方法归为以下三个:
首先,当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章,都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言,范围是十分丰富的,主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志,内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而ielts考试所考查的,是实际运用语言的能力,所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词,或是题目中真正考查到的单词,往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多,难度不大,但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言,掌握6000左右的常用词汇,即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二,复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右,但是依然感觉读不懂文章,这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如:thechallengenow is to develop policies and practices based on apresumption ofshared responsibility between men and women, and apresumption thatthere are potential benefits for men and women, aswell as forfamilies and the community, if there is greater genderequality inthe responsibilities and pleasures of familylife.这是一个相对复杂的句子,主干是the challenge now is to develop policiesandpractices,从basedon到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句,充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面,有一个if引导的条件状语从句。一般而言,对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句,倒装结构,所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三,题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生,在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解,或是被众多题型干扰,不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如listofheadings,summary,t/f/ng等,可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型,普遍感到非常难找。其实不然,只要记住两大原则即可。原则一,顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序,必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二,完整的summary,不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义,而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中,除了要做ielts考题之外,还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章,在网站上可以找到,目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解,并把握其主旨。同时,在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大,平时可多加练习。另外,为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯,不能边看边用嘴跟着读,眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到),先不要紧张,要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义,或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测,如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义,可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的,还是否定的,实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了,实在不行就做上记号,将来看一看是否影响答题,如无影响就坚决忽略。
篇3:如何提高雅思阅读能力
知道这些之后 我的雅思阅读能力竟成倍提升?
考生们都说雅思阅读难,难在时间不够和题型复杂,想要追求阅读做题速度却又担心做题正确率?小站雅思君觉得雅思阅读提高没那么难,备考期间你只需要做到这几点,轻松突破雅思阅读提分瓶颈。
在冲刺阶段,考生们还有大约1-2个月的备考时间,这段时间,考生们要明确有的放矢。首先要明确自己的阅读词汇量有没有储备足够?针对长难句如何用语法知识解决?对于雅思阅读各项题型的做题技巧有没有熟练掌握?有了词汇量和语法的支撑,考生的做题速度会比最初备考阶段快很多,接下来的时间就是技巧层面的掌握情况,决定你是否能继续加速。而到了最后阶段,考生们只需要做一些细节上的修补。
关于雅思词汇量:雅思考试的词汇量约为6000~8000词。这是一道硬线,至于词汇量的选择,如何高效记忆,考生们应该有自己的方法,这里不赘述,小站雅思君觉得考生们最好是选择以剑雅真题阅读文章为词汇源,边做题边记忆。
关于语法知识:主要的长难句都是由简单句构成,破解长难句最快的方法是拆分句子成分,无非是各类定语从句,状语从句,以并列、伴随、条件、转折等形式组合而成。考生第一步是找到核心句,再通过拆解的结构找到从句即可。
举个例子:(剑雅5 T1的第二篇文章)Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.
乍一看句子很长,拆分句子结构后发现整段的主句是:the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”而伴随状语是“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”
接下来是重点:关于雅思阅读题型解题技巧
雅思阅读题型很复杂,但拆分合并之后就只有这几种:常规的选择题、填空题,判断题、段落标记题及信息匹配题。以这5大类题型再做各种题型的变换。
雅思阅读提高之:选择题
选择题一般是单选,但也有多项选择。首先审题,选择题一定要迅速定位,主要考点在同义替换,考生要迅速定位到同义替换的句子或段落。当然,也可以反其道而行之,选择题做排除法也是一项技巧,这在多项选择题中能发挥很大的作用。
雅思阅读提高之:判断题
过去我们的阅读题之分T/F,现在又多了一个NG,所谓NG就是,原文没有给出相关直接证据。注意是直接证据,而不是考生根据推测带出的判断。在英语中,T和F是以事实为依据的,考生们一定能够在原文中找到相对应的线索。雅思阅读考试最大的特点就是,是什么就是什么,没有拐弯抹角的答案。
所以考生们在定位答案范围时,考生们需要区分什么是事实(fact),什么是(opinion),当然判断句中也可能出现反义或者转折情况,句子一定要看完整,不要断章取义。
有一个小技巧可以用于考试,如果考生第一时间定位到了答案在文中的范围,如果考生没把握,也就是没有找到直接证明是错的情况下,果断选择NG.
最后强调一下,注意看清题目要求:判断题究竟是Y/N/NG还是T/F/NG.写错不给分的哦,怀抱侥幸心理,以为考官仁慈会睁一只眼闭一只眼的考生,你们想多了,严谨的英国人是不会多送分的。
雅思阅读提高之:段落标记题
雅思阅读中的段落标记题属于较难的题型,好在段落标记题一般是按照顺序原则往下做的,考生们只需要在第一题的时候就准确定位到答题范围,后面基本问题不大。段落标记题需要从整体上把握段落大意,这时候考生们阅读完整篇文章是不可能的,考生首先划出关键词,然后定位到相关的段落,答案一般出现在句首,当然如果你找到了However,but这样的转折,那答案一般就在转折句中。
当然,段落标记题一般是题目多于答案的,这时候就会出现某个段落会有多个关键答案的情况,这时候,考生们优先选出核心的段落进行答题即可,最后做排除法。
雅思阅读提高之:信息匹配题
与段落标记题对应的是信息匹配题,信息匹配题(matching)最大的问题是题目不一定按照文章的顺序排列,会给考生带来一些问题。信息匹配即可能考察段落细节,也可能考察段落大意,因为信息匹配题的答案与原文中部分信息相匹配的,建议考生遇到这类题目可放到最后做,在了解了整篇文章的大意及行文思路之后可迅速定位答题范围。
雅思阅读考试注意事项
拿到题目之后考生们先不要急着做题,先观察阅读有哪些题型,按照先易后难的顺序做题,对于一些比较难的题型可以标记后做。
段落大意题,或能迅速定位到答题范围的题,可以通过略读方法先做。略读要求考生迅速定位关键词。对于细节题一般放在后面做,也就涉及到一些长难句的拆解等,需要考生多花些时间详细阅读段落细节。总之雅思阅读做题要求考生阅读的速度详略得当,要将阅读的时间效率最大化。
雅思阅读练习题及答案
Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the `Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believeit is the educational hope of the future.
The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the `Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the `Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video.
A Web site consists of a `home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related `pages'(or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called `hypertext'. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or surfing' through a of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or `surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.
Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that no one and therefore everyone owns the `Net'. BECause of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight.
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
1.Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway.2.Using the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money.3.Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines.4.The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters.5.According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be the future hope of education.6.The process called`hypertext'requires the use of a mouse device.7.The Internet was created in the 1990s.8.The `home page'is the first screen of a `Web'site on the `Net'.9.The media has often criticised the Internet because it is dangerous.10. The latest technological revolution will change the way humans communicate.
Answer Keys
1.F 2.NG 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T
雅思阅读材料:上传容易删除难
More than half of British adults are so concerned about their online reputation they would erase everything they have ever posted on the Internet about themselves, a recent survey revealed。
35 percent believe they could never consider a career in politics due to damaging personal material online. And nearly a quarter of people admit to having posted a photo or personal information that they wouldn't want an employer to see, according to a study by security firm Norton。
Sherly Seitz, an Internet security expert at Norton, said: “We're posting more personal information online than ever before but our attitude to privacy still seems lax. We all want to embrace the latest technology, but consumers should stay mindful of the dangers.”
Researchers questioned 1,004 people aged 18 and over about the amount of their personal information that is publicly available online and how it could affect them personally. The study reveals a sense of unease among Britons about their online reputation, with over 50 percent saying they would gladly delete all information about them online。
Some 40 percent admitted to not actively protecting their reputation and personal information on the Internet. Of these, 59 percent “never thought it was an issue”, while 20 percent wouldn't know where to start。
最新调查表明,超过一半的英国成年人愿意以“好名誉”为名清除自己曾上传至网络的个人信息。
其中35%的人认为自己因为不良的网上资料而永远无法从政。另据网络安全品牌诺顿发起的研究,接近1/4的人群承认曾上传过不能被老板看的照片或者个人资料。
诺顿网络安全专家雪莉称:“我们上传的个人信息越来越多,但对待个人隐私的态度还是马马虎虎。我们都想和先进技术靠拢,但是客户们需有风险防范意识。”
研究人员调查了1004名18岁以上志愿者的网上公开信息数量,并分析他们所受到的影响。研究发现,英国人对于自己的网络名誉普遍感到担忧,超过50%的人称乐意删除自己在网上的所有信息。
而40%的人群承认并没有主动保护自己的网络声誉以及个人信息。这其中,59%的人“从不认为这是个值得考虑的问题”,而20%者则不知从何下手。
篇4:雅思阅读提高方法
很多备战雅思的考生因为做阅读的效果微乎其微,导致遇到瓶颈无法提升,反而做题的效率下降了很多,雅思阅读怎么提高呢?
雅思阅读提高方法 四点建议分享
一、预测文章考点
阅读完文章之后,建议考生不要提笔直接做题,首先应该观察一下文章里有哪些题型,并且还可以去关注一下题目数量,判断这类文章到底是哪一种类型的文章,再去预测考点在文章中的分布情况。
二、掌握中心意思
划分中心词是每位考生都会做的一件事情,但是我发现有很多考生都是定位一题做一题,然后再去划下一题的定位词的。我觉得这种做法会浪费多余的答题时间,同时也不能很好地运用到顺序原则,更不能够帮助考生去快速的判断题目定位难度。所以上面所说的这种划定位词的做法是不可取的。
小编建议考生可以先划出所有题目的定位词,只有在判断各题目定位难度后,我们才能够更好地利用顺序原则确定大致出题范围。
三、先易后难
在观察完题型,并且划出了所有的题目定位词后,考生往往都会对各题型和题目难度做大致判断。小编建议考生应该先去做容易定位到以及那些难度较小的题目,做完之后再去做那些比较难找或者是那些难解答的题目。这样我们才可以在基础题上快速得分,保证正确率,同时还可以避免在难题上浪费太多时间。
四、注意题目之间的联系
阅读考题中常常都会出现一些考点重合的情况。所以考生在做题的时候要不断注意题目之间的联系,一旦发现了有考点重合的几道题就可以放在一起做。
雅思阅读怎么提高做题效率?如果自学没找对方法,最好还是找一个专业的老师辅导,毕竟一个人遇到难题也无人帮助解答,很容易降低自己的学习效率。
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Patients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing (治疗) power of humor. It is claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods, but can actually help them recover faster.
Several studies seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies.
Despite all this, many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that many sufferings have been known to disappear naturally, with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related to better health, it is hard to tell which comes first.
Humor in times of stress, however, clearly makes us feel better. On one level, it takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us. On another, it releases powerful endorphins, a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain.
There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a person’s health. It can show, for example, whether a person has suffered damage to one particular area of the brain: the right frontal lobe (额叶).
Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest endings from a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that were based on a relatively complex synthesis (综合) of ideas. Subjects with specifically located brain damage, however, responded only to slapstick (闹剧) endings, which did not depend on a particular context. When pressed, the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny.
Of course, humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes, there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However, you might suggest that he lighten up—for the health of it.
58. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. all researchers have agreed on the healing power of humor
B. people seldom accuse their friends of not understanding jokes
C. the author holds a positive attitude to the healing power of humor
D. reading comics will surely become a popular way of treating diseases
59. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Many researchers are not convinced of the healing power of humor.
B. Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts.
C. Optimism in general does seem to be related to better health.
D. People should try their best to cheer up for their good health.
60. Scientists had some people read jokes and asked them to choose the funniest endings from a list to confirm that ________.
A. the brain-damaged people are different from those with normal brains
B. a person with a normal brain usually responds to slapstick endings
C. a person suffering certain brain damage doesn’t appreciate a good joke
D. humor takes our minds off our troubles by releasing powerful endorphins
61. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Which comes first, humor or health? B. Humor can cure different illnesses
C. People need humor in times of stress D. Humor contributes to good health
CBC D
雅思阅读模拟练习及答案
Birthdays often involve surprises. But this year’s surprise on the birthday of the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic.
On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake. This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare looked like. “It’s very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them are copies of this one,” said an expert from Britain’s National Portrait Gallery.
The discovery comes after four months of testing using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples. The experts from the gallery say the image—commonly known as the “Flower portrait” —was actually painted in the 1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeare’s death. The art experts who work at the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the picture. These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814. Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609.
“We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840. This was when there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare’s plays,” Tarnya Cooper, the gallery’s curator(馆长), told the Associated President.
The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays. It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company.
“There have always been questions about the painting,” said David Howells, curator for the Royal Shakespeare Company. “Now we know the truth, we can put the image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture.”
Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation(调查) and the results will come out later this month.
______________________________________________________________.
1. Why this year’s surprise on the birthday of Shakespeare is dramatic?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Now we know what Shakespeare looked like. (T/F)
3. “Flower portrait” was actually painted using X-rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples. (T/F)
4. In history, many people doubted the painting. (T/F)
5.Which is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the last paragraph?
A.Soon we’ll know which portrait is reliable.
B.Maybe we cannot find a real portrait of Shakespeare.
C.If the two portraits are found to be false, they will test more.
D.For now what Shakespeare really looked like will remain a mystery.
1. The Flower portrait has been found to be a fake. 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. D
篇5:提高雅思阅读的方法
雅思阅读看不懂?来告诉你最有效的提高方法
首先,考生需要快速掌握文章基本结构。
根据:文章标题就是全文的主题,第一、二段就是文章的中心思想,其余段落就是支持中心思想的依据,结尾就是对全文的总结,因此阅读的顺序可以为:第一步文章标题,第二步文章第一、二段段首段尾句,第三步其余段落第一句,第四部最后一段第一句。
其次,在扫读时需要特别留意:
1、主要名词,即和文章标题、中心思想相关的词;
2、关键连接词:
(1)并列:also, as well, too, not only … butalso, both and, either or, neither nor…
(2)转折:but,however,yet,on thecontrary,nevertheless…
(3)让步:despite,in spite of,although,even though,while…
(4)结果:Therefore,consequently,as a resultgive rise to…
(5)原因:result from,due to,thanks to,owing to……
3、特殊词:时间、人名、地名、数字、斜体等。
最后,在扫读的时候需要注意的是:
1、遇到长难句需要抓住句子的主干,即主语、谓语、宾语,说的浅显一些就是什么人干了一件什么事,看到有which、that引导的定语从句等类似从句可以忽略不看,以节省时间;
2、不要总是考虑面面俱到,希望把每句都读懂,首先是时间不允许,其次由于单词量的限制即便每句都读也不一定能全部弄懂。
雅思阅读常见超长句整理+译文
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源怎样被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许的消 费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权,也指其他一些特定的权利,如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的,哪些员工工作效率最高,这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业,从剧院到杂志出版商,从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂,都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能,他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
[参考译文] 在过去的30年中,公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪,那就是所有的公民,不管其情况有多特殊,都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
[参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去,因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场,同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
[参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件,没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言,如果这不是完全不可能达到的,也是非常难做的,因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味,那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们,成绩进步的学生,学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区,离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系,非正式的信息流动被切断了,随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, timeconsuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多,而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时,有时甚至令人难以招架 。
亲爱的,你慢慢飞,小心前面带刺的玫瑰;亲爱的,你张张嘴,风中花香会让人沉醉;亲爱的;你跟我飞,穿过丛林去看小溪水,亲爱的来跳个舞,爱的春天不会有天黑。我和你缠缠绵绵翩翩飞,飞越这红尘用相随,追逐你一生,爱怜无歉悔,不辜负我的柔情你的美;我和你缠缠绵绵翩翩飞,飞越这红尘用相随等到秋风劲,秋叶落成灰,能陪你一起枯萎也无悔。
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议,专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享,而争论的问题能够得到解决,同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构,在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候,可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你,而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一 种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来,至少目前 会这样,但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下 的讨论话题。
19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBCincluding ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的,政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人 一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里,甚至 要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求, 并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候,经常会毁掉那些 家族公司的财富。
21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
[参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他 们作为一个阶级的重要性,这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个 因素,这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任,而且几乎同样与 公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders“ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
[参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的”舒 适“阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作,他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会,向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外,跟 社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23. The ”shareholders“ as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
[参考译文] 这样的”股东“对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需 求一无所知,而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接,但是就连 他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古 老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有 这样的私人关系。
25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country”s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
[参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中,我将挑选出这些:这个国家优秀的小学教育:欢 迎新技术的劳动者们:奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对 那些技术性事物的非言语的、“空间性的”思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.
[参考译文] 正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样:“一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中 装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.
[参考译文] 罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到:“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中,就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中,把这些字母看成 自己思想的展示,在这样的展示中,每种新的次序安排都传达了种新 的思想。”
28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
[参考译文] 在最后三章中,他脱下手套,将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他 们的活动和战术,而且,对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来 说,神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧 异。
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
[参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上,史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道:“这本书本 身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的而且如果理性成为神造论/地化 论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话,一切就都好办了。
30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia“s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论,澳大利亚北 部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法当局。
31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.
[参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气,但是其他一些机构,包括教堂,倡导生命之 权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会,尖锐地抨击这个法案,指责法案的通过 过于匆忙。但是大势已定,不可逆转。
32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
[参考译文] 在澳大利亚人口老龄化,延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度,这 些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的 法律。
33. There are, of course, exceptions. Smallminded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
[参考译文] 当然,例外是存在的。在美国,心胸狭窄的官员,粗鲁的传者,和没有 礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见,这 使得它值得被讨论一下。
34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
[参考译文] 我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里: 一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林,一些用来社交的葡萄酒,早上自己提提神 所喝的咖啡,一支用来定神的香烟。
35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
[参考译文] 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量,要产生想得到的效果所 需要的药品剂量越来越大,然后表现为当停止用药后,令人不快的停药 症状的出现。
36. ”Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?“ Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. ”You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?“
[参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们:”难道这 就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,但是难道 你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子们吗?“
37. ”The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column“, ”lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...“
[参考译文] ”对任何一个民主社会的考验,“他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中 写到,”不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达,而在于这个社会是 否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由,不管有时候这种结果是多么 的富有争议或令人不快…“
38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month”s stockholders“ meeting, Levin asserted that ”music is not the cause of society“s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文] 在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中,莱文宣称说:“音乐不是 社会问题的原因”,他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克 斯的一个教师,并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” of “a touch on the brakes” , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
[参考译文] 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如“轻踩刹车”以“操纵经济软着 陆”,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际 情况的了。
40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America“s, have little productive slack.
[参考译文] 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶,因为传 统的计量方法显示两国的经济,特别是美国的经济,几乎没有生产萧条 的时候。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[参考译文] 很不幸,这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济 结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联 为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[参考译文] 例如,阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥,但是它也夺去了埃及以前 所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水 库,现在这个水库积满了淤泥,几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplaceall that re-engineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,
[参考译文] 企业重组的新方法所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法只是对 一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因 素的驱动,比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术,以及在教育和培训 上的投资。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[参考译文] 他的同事迈克尔?比尔说,有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公 司内部的重新设计,在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as ”The Flight from S.cience and Reason“ , held in New York City in 1995, and ”Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文] 科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注,比如1995年在纽约市举行的 “逃离科学与理性”会议,以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的“(错误) 信息时代的科学”会议。
46. A survey of news stories in reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文] 一项关于新闻报道的调查显示,反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其 他团体身上,从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构,到鼓吹削减 基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The “true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文] 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?厄尔里西认为,科学真正的敌人 是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提 出置疑的人。
48. This developmentand its strong implication for US politics and economy in years aheadhas enthroned the South as America”s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation“s head counting.
[参考译文] 这种发展以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影 响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集 的地区。
49. Often they chooseand still are choosingsomewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[参考译文] 他们常常选择现在依然这样选择居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地 区, 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷,还有阿拉斯加,为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪, 以及”金州“(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California”s growth rate dropped during the 1970“s, to 18.5 percentlittle more than two thirds the 1960”s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文] 结果,加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5%一 一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二,大大低于西部其他各州。
篇6:提高阅读能力的方法
提高阅读能力的方法:
一、反复阅读选文
平时讲解课文之前要求学生要预习、阅读课文,其目的在于让学生熟悉课文、读通课文、读懂课文。要答阅读分析题,自然也不例外,读是基础。何况现在的选文大多是文质兼美的文章,它们或注重思辨、启迪学生智慧,或展示科技新貌、开拓学生视野,或寓理于情、引导学生形成正确的审美观、人生观,有的还代表着新的文化观念等,这些材料对大多数同学而言是陌生的,因此引导学生对材料进行浏览、细读、品读是必不可少的。
浏览,即引导学生学会快速阅读包括标题和检测题在内的所有文字资料。通过浏览,大体知晓材料的内容和命题的方向,形成初步印象。
细读,即在浏览的基础上,让学生带着检测题细细阅读选文,深入了解文章立意、写作思路、表达方式和表现手法等,做到重点明确、胸有全局。
品读,就是要求学生带着对材料的初步理解,首先重点品读检测题的题干,揣摩出题者的意图,在有所思考的基础上再读选文,同时对那些答题要求较高的题目做到有的放矢、重点关注。
二、抓住文体特征
阅读是解答题目的前提,要答好题,如果仅是读懂选文,而没有一定的知识积累,不掌握一些基本技能,可能也会无从下手。各类文体的特征就是必须掌握的知识。因为许多阅读材料一般都有较明显的文体特征,只有掌握各类文体的基础知识,答题才容易“上路子”。例如,记叙文常涉及的是记叙的六要素、记叙的线索、叙述的方式、表达的方式等;说明文常考的是说明方式、说明顺序、说明对象及特点、说明方法等;议论文则侧重对议论文的三要素考查,如文章的论点、论据的类型、论证的方法等。这些都涉及到相应文体的基本概念,有共性的内容。如果学生对选文的文体类型辨别无误,基本概念认识清晰,那么答题时就不会张冠李戴,这样基本分就不会丢失了。
三、准确把握材料
每篇选文都是有血有肉的。但是阅读过程中,如不能很快地抓住主要内容或主题思想,而被一些具体琐碎的材料遮住视线,答题就会吃力不讨好。怎样很快地抓住文章的主干和灵魂呢?大体有以下三种方法:
1、抓题目。标题是文章的眼睛,读懂了它,文章大概意思也就知晓了三分之一。有些文章题目交代了文章的文体或写作的方向,抓住了题目,答题一般就不致于产生太大的偏差。
2、抓住中心句。中心句是文章内容的主要基石,常常是文章题目的阐释和延伸。抓住它,对文章内容的理解认识就会更准确更具体。
3、抓议论、抒情句。议论、抒情句往往起突出中心、深化主题的作用,是作者感情倾向最鲜明的体现之所在。因此,抓住这类句子,往往能明了文章的立意,有助于理解文章的中心。
四、区别题型作答
读懂文章、明辨文体及基本概念,其目的还在于运用,在于答题。学会区分不同题型,巧妙处理也很重要。
1、选择题。通常采用排除法。阅读分析题的内容涉及到的不仅仅是内容,有时对课内知识也多有勾连考查。因此对课内掌握的知识如能或排除或选择,就无形中降低了知识的选择难度。
2、延伸题。如根据有关内容默写名句等,对此要避难就易,写自己最有把握的答案。否则容易吃力不讨好。
3、基本概念题。要做到抓住语段的主要内容来答题,不能捡芝麻,丢西瓜,更不能一页障目,不见森林。
4、综合分析题。对于这类题,则要在整体认知的基础上扣住命题内容解答,不能断章取义,更不能答非所问。这类题往往是最能见学生语文能力高下的题,答题应努力做到:简明扼要,言简意赅,一般不超过30字;句子要通顺,语言表达没有漏洞,符合逻辑推理;要围绕文章内容,突出重点,不能信马由缰,胡乱扯谈。
阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事。它不仅要求教师讲清基本概念,多作知识迁移训练;还要求学生树立正确的思想方法、价值观念,同时掌握答题技巧、不断拓宽知识面,提高综合素质和能力。
阅读的误区:
一.读而不记
阅读只为看热闹,消磨时间,满足好奇心,书漫无目的地看过了,也就忘了。没有记忆的的阅读是无效的阅读,是“白读”。青少年是阅读的黄金时节,也是记忆的黄金时代,要口读心记,适量背诵,多背诵一些古今中外名家名篇,多积累一些终身受益的文化知识。
二.读而不思
阅读的过程应该是质疑问难、联想比较的过程。有的文章较深,不少地方不懂,有疑难,自然要质疑。有的文章深入浅出,一读就懂,似乎没有疑难,其实许多疑难我们还没有发觉。不妨“于无疑处生疑”,不能浅尝辄止,满足一知半解。
三.读而不写
在边读边思的过程中,有了很多感受、体会、心得与灵感,这些思维的火花稍纵即逝。有的同学却没有动笔写下,多么可惜!它们是写作时珍贵的“百宝仓库”呀。所以,要养成写读书笔记的好习惯。可以摘录,可以做札记,也可以写读后感。
四.读而不悟
许多同学阅读只求读懂,不求感悟,不求致用,不能把作者的人生经验化作自己的心灵体会,或者只有感觉而无理性的认识,没有心灵的巨大震撼,没有对人生对社会的深层审察,这样的阅读就不能完成从有字书向无字书的转换。
五.读而不选
逮到什么读什么,毫不选择,随波逐流,率性而读,这是初中生阅读易犯的通病。现代社会信息多源,书海茫茫,读之不尽。故初中生的阅读一定要在老师和家长的指导下进行,严格筛选。语文大纲规定了初中生必读的文学名著,初中生必背的文言诗文,这些为我们明示了阅读的范围和方向。
六.读而不博
初中生的阅读还有单凭举和只讲功利的“偏读”病,偏爱武打、言情小说,偏爱作文选,怕读古代文言文,怕读现代科技文。其实读书不妨杂一点,面广一点,博约结合,这样都能文理兼通,全面发展。
篇7:优化阅读方法提高阅读能力
刘明强 陈红
思南县青杠坡镇陇水小学贵州铜仁565100
思南县宽坪中心小学贵州铜仁565100
语文教学的任务之一是培养学生的阅读能力。从宏观而言,阅读和写作一样是没有“定法”的;但从微观来讲,学生阅读课文也和作文起步一样,又确实有“法”可依。下面就优化方法,提高能力,结合教学的实践谈谈自己的一些体会。
1比较性阅读
著名教育家乌申斯基说过:“比较是一切理解发和思维的基础,我们正是通过比较来了解世界上的一切的。”从语文教学方面看,比较法是整个学习过程中不可忽视的方法。比较可以使学生在学新课时联系旧课,实现学习过程的正迁移,收互开阔视野,启发思路的效果。
在小学语文教材中,体裁相同而主题不同的文章,主题相同而体裁不同的文章,同一体裁、主题而选材不同的文章,都可以通过比较性阅读来了解其内容,揣摩其技巧。比如《小英雄雨来》和《少年闰土》,学生进行比较阅读后,不难发现,二者的体裁都是小说,但可以跨越时空,去反映不同的主题。前者反映抗日战争时期,表现的是抗日根据地的儿童热爱祖国,勇敢机智的优秀品质;而后者反映的时代则比前者早,表现的是农村少年闰土知识丰富,聪明能干的品行。又如《鲁班学艺》与《景阳冈》,同写人,都是表现了“技艺高超”这一主题;鲁班手艺高强,武松武艺高强,但体裁不同。学生带着这些问题进行自读、分析,便会得出结论:要反映相同的主题,可以选用不同的体裁。《鲁班学艺》采和民间故事的形式,可以达到目的;而《景阳冈》则运用小说这一形式,同样达到目的。
2求解性阅读
教师根据一定的目的要求,向学生明确提出若干个带启发性的问题,让学生以自读的形式循文求义:从课文中寻找答案,划出要点,以便在课堂中发表自己的见解,这是求解性阅读。这种阅读能否开避孕药,关键在于教师提出问题的难易程度。过易,缺乏思考性;学生往往会觉得“易如反掌”;过难,思而不得,读而不知所措,学生会产生畏难情绪,丧失自读的信心。因此,一定要掌握难易程度。如果课文确实较难理解,则可以提出几个阶梯性的问题,引导学生寻求正确的答案。最好的方法是:学生对问题产生兴趣,似有所悟,跃跃欲试,甚至自发展开讨论,这就更能促进求解性阅读的自觉进行。在教《田忌赛马》时,可以先板书出几道思考题让学生自读:(1)为什么第一轮比赛田忌输了,而第二轮此赛却赢了?(2)本文的中心句是什么?(3)你读了这个故事后有什么启发?学生根据思考题,认真阅读课文,既抓住了中心句,又知道了田忌先输后赢的原因是他能随机应变(调换马出场顺序),还懂得了在对抗性况争中,胜败的因素有时不光在物质条件,策略的优劣也起重要的'作用的道理。
3质疑性阅读
小学生经过几年的启蒙教育,已经走出了思维的沙漠和智能的荒原,他们不仅有了完全属于他们自己的思维的绿洲,智能的园圃,而且具有一定的质疑问难的基本素质和判断是非的能力。因此,我们每一位教师都具有一种不可推卸的责任,想方设法提高学生质疑问难的自学性的科学性。开始,学生可能地提法出什么问题,教师可作示范性提问;当他们能提一些问题时,应积极鼓励,决不以笑其肤浅、简单简挫伤了他们的自读质疑的积极性。学生经过一段时间的训练,如果能提出一些质量较高的问题时,那就是“水到渠成”了。
如果说,质疑性阅读是较高层次的阅读,那么,创造性阅读则是更高层次的阅读。这种阅读要求教师应顺尖学生的思维规律,并加以恰当的点拔和引导,使学生的思维散发,在阅读中实行再“创造”。这种既能培养学生认真研读课文,深入理解作品的习惯,又利于开拓学生的发散思维,发挥他们的创造能力。我在指导学生用求解法阅读《田忌赛马》后,为了进一步启发学生思维,培养他们的想象能力,又板书出一道思考题:假如齐威王和田忌再一次比赛,假如你是齐威王,你能赢田忌吗?一石激起千重浪,课堂上立即出现书声朗朗,思潮滚滚,议论纷纷的场面。学生们争着发表自己的见解,最终取得一致的看法:只要随机应变地调换马的出场顺序,是可以反败为胜的。
古人读书贵在“自得”,又云“书读百遍,其义自见”,意思是对一篇文章只要多读,熟读就能大有益处,不用解说,自晓其义。有口无心的读不同于忖心致志的读;盲目的读有别于自学的读;应付式的读“食不知味”,有目的读“津津有味”。因此,需要教师通过启发、诱导,使学生带着明确的目的,来取最佳的读法,专心致志地、自学地去坊、边读边议,比较异同,释疑解难,力求创新,从而逐步提高阅读能力和分析能力,以适应未来的需要。
《优化阅读方法提高阅读能力》★ 雅思写作提高方法
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