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高中作文真题：浅阅读

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高中作文真题：浅阅读

篇1：高中作文真题：浅阅读

高中作文真题：浅阅读

【作文题目】

今年世界读书日这天，网上展开了关于“浅阅读”的讨论。

甲：什么是浅阅读?

乙：就是追求简单轻松、实用有趣的阅读嘛，浅阅读很时髦日。

丙：如今是读图时代，人们喜欢视觉上的冲击和享受。

丁：浅阅读就像吃快餐，好吃没营养，积累不了什么知识。

乙：社会竞争激烈，生活节奏这么快，大家压力这么大，我想深阅读，慢慢品味，行吗?

丙：人人都有自己的阅读喜好，浅阅读流行，阅读就更个性化和多样化了，挺好。

丁：我很怀念过去的日子——斜倚在书店的一角，默默地读书，天黑了都不知道。

甲：浅阅读中，我们是不是失去了什么?

要求：1、自选角度，自行立意。2、除诗歌外，文休不限。3、不少于800字。

【范文】

浅阅读

每年的四月二十三日是全球图书日，在这一天，你也许会收到一两本书，那你会用什么样的方法去对待这几本书呢?下面就让我们一起来研究研究吧!

在一次偶然，我听到了浅阅读这三个字，因知识短缺，便向人请教，听得解释为：“追求简单轻松，使用的阅读。”我想了想，便又联想到了另一个成语，“不求甚解”。

我联想的根据是两个的意思都相近，特别是“简单”和“实用”这两个词，“实用”才是抓住了一篇文章的精华，“简单”才是真正的博览群书。

陶渊明曾说过：“好读书，不求甚解，没有会意，便欣然忘食”

从这句话中，不难看出这句话的意义，也就是不求甚解，或说是浅阅读，每一个人都是从出生便开始学习，一直老去，因此说书才是交得最值的朋友，因为他不会离你而去，不管是在任何时候，都不会离开你，陪你从生至死。

其实古人早就知意到了浅阅读的实用性，就比如说诸葛亮吧，为何他的.知识会如此之广，那是因为他能在读书时，运用上浅阅读这个技巧，“观其大略”，这难道不是浅阅读中的轻松简单阅读吗?

“读书且平平读，未晓处且放过，不必太滞。”

这句话是宋代的陆象山说的，意思是在读书时，不要太过于的死抠一字一句，不要因小失大，这难道还不是浅阅读的实例证明吗?

浅阅读，其实就是读书时要抓住这本书的中心大意，要取其精华。如果你说你想要读懂一本书你就能走天下可真正当你弄懂这本书后，别人已经读了上百本，上千本了。世界上的书数不甚数，海洋也无法恒量书堆起来的宽度与高度，拿这么多书，你如果不掌握，不运用浅阅读这一技巧，这一方法，那你到老死去，恐怕也只读了几本书。

孔夫子搬家——尽是书，从这句谚语中便可看出孔圣人的书可有多少。那这么多书，他如果只是一本一本的死抠字眼的读，那从何而来的那么多书，何来的孔圣人这个称呼?从此也可看出浅阅读这一方法的好处。从古至今也有多少的文人墨客能够攀登上文学的顶峰。如果没有浅阅读这一方法，你学一生都是死抠字眼，那你又会学到多少呢?

说了这一些，我想你也能懂得一些浅阅读的受用之处吧!也希望你能用好浅阅读这一技巧，攀登更高的文学顶峰。

篇2：往届高考作文真题：浅阅读行动

阅读下边的材料，写一篇不少于800字的文章，今年世界读书日这天网上展开了关于浅阅读的行动。

甲：什么是浅阅读

乙：就是追求简单轻松，实用有趣的阅读。

联合国教科文组织选择4月23日的灵感来自于一个美丽的传说。4月23日是西班牙文豪塞万提斯的忌日，也是加泰罗尼亚地区大众节日“圣乔治节”。传说中勇士乔治屠龙救公主，并获得了公主回赠的礼物——一本书，象征着知识与力量。每到这一天，加泰罗尼亚的妇女们就给丈夫或男朋友赠送一本书，男人们则会回赠一枝玫瑰花。实际上，同一天也是莎士比亚出生和去世的纪念日，又是美国作家纳博科夫、法国作家莫里斯·德鲁昂、冰岛诺贝尔文学奖得主拉克斯内斯等多位文学家的生日，所以这一天成为全球性图书日看来“名正言顺”。

篇3：往届高考作文真题：浅阅读行动

中国的圣贤先哲大都强调一种格物致知的精神，认为做学问就要把它弄明白，搞透彻，不能浅尝辄止，似是而非，因而孔子韦编三绝而精通周易。今日之时，商业化的文化如快餐般呈现在我们面前时，我们往往手足无措，我们确实失去了什么，也许就是文化的厚重感。

现代人的生活节奏非常快，“浅阅读”同样是快节奏生活的产物，我们也许根本就无法空出时间来一次真正的阅读，更不用说研习经典了。但反思这种来也匆匆，去也匆匆的生活，我们不一定快乐，同时也失去了很多趣味，难道生活本身就这样吗?

古代与现代的价值观念体系截然不同。古人专心做学问，对于贫困饥饿当真能安之若素。孔子有云：君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，可谓好学也矣。而今人则更多追求商业利益，一切以钱为主，这就引发一系列的商业炒作以及学术丑闻，争论与批评过后，我们应该更深入地反思。

失去了厚重的文化支撑，一个民族很难立足于世界。正如四大文明古国中除中国外其它三国的没落与衰亡，它们的衰亡归根到底是文化缺失和没落。相反美国只有两百多年的建国历史却成为全球唯一的超级大国同样得益于那民主自由的先进文化。当中华文明经历了数千载的传承后，能否在当代发扬光大，确实还有悬念。

环顾我们周围的读物，十之八九便是杂志，很少有人花费大量的时间去钻研一本名著。其实知识本身就需一个长期的理解与领悟后方可掌握，而钻研名著正是这样的过程，虽然艰涩难懂，但细细咀嚼后却别有一番滋味。那些厚重的经典名著不应该是图书馆书架上的'陈列品，我们只是恭敬虔诚地仰望，它们应该真正走进我们的生活，成为我们的良师益友。

学海无涯，学习本身就无法一蹴而就，这就需要我们具有毅力和持之以恒的精神，阅读厚重的书籍，感受厚重的文化，你也会变得厚重起来，腹有诗书气自华，越是有学问，你才会越有气质。

文化快餐只能作为一种尝试，一种体验，它不能替代主食。重拾遗落的厚重，沉潜宁静，到知识的海洋中开拓一片全新的天地。重拾遗落的厚重，让民族有强大的精神支撑，我们会看到真正的崛起与复兴。

篇4：浅阅读为题目的作文

浅阅读为题目的作文

世界读书日，唤起人们对知识的渴求，对书本的热爱，在此同时，怎样读书成了问题，快节奏的'现代生活中浅阅读脱颖而出。

追求简单轻松实用有趣是浅阅读的特点，毛泽东曾说：“好读书，读好书，读书好。”讲究读书的方法。在方法上我比较喜欢浅阅读，浅阅读就像吃快餐，讲究一个快字。也不用一目十行，走马观花。只需整篇速读下来，哪一段看不懂就再返回去看，若遇到自己不感兴趣或文采不好的一段还可以跳读，读完文章能够了解文章的大致意思。既满足对课外知识的需求又可以节约时间。

现在学习，不仅要细读，更要精读，不仅需要识记作者乃了解文章梗概，复述内容，理清结构层次，还需要理解掌握字、词、句，归纳中心思想，分析写作特色等，恨不得把一个字掰成两半看，只为考试，形成以考试为终极目标的功利性阅读，长此以往，学生越学越没兴趣。而浅阅读可以在知识中获得实用能力，并愉悦身心，获得美的享受。

只有这样才能让阅读平易近人，才能让阅读在这个急功近利，人心浮躁的时代在年轻人的精神世界与各种诱惑中抢占领地。

同学们，让我们斜倚在书店的一角，默默地在浅阅读的天地里徜徉，天黑了都不知道。

篇5：TOEFL阅读真题精选

托福阅读真题1

There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic eon. Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard. However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age.

The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. The deposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layer corresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or dropstones, a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, into otherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, and Europe. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.

Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for the next 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series of glacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of the Proterozoic eon.

1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How patterns in rock layers have been used to construct theories about the climate of the

Proterozoic age

(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age

(D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age

2. According to the passage , the fossil record of the Proterozoic eon is

(A) highly regarded because it preserves the remains of many kinds of organisms

(B) less informative than the fossil record of more recent periods

(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record

3. The word scarce in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) ancient

(B) tiny

(D) rare

4. It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of uniformitarianism indicates

(A) similar conditions produce similar rock formations

(B) rock layers in a given region remain undisturbed over time

(D) each continent has its own distinctive pattern of sediment layers

5. The word resemble in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) result from

(B) penetrate

(D) replace have similar origins

6. According to the passage , the layers in varves are primarily formed by

(A) fossilized bacteria

(B) pieces of ancient dropstones

(D) annual cycles of sediment transport and deposition

7. The phrase the other in line 17 refers to another

(A) annual cycle

(B) glacial lake

(D) season

8. According to the passage , the presence of dropstones indicates that

(A) the glacial environment has been unusually servere

(B) the fine-grained sediment has built up very slowly

(D) coarse rock material has been carried great distances

9. Why does the author mention Canada, North America, Africa, India, and Europe in lines 23-24?

(A) To demonstrate the global spread of dropstones

(B) To explain the principles of varve formation

(D) To illustrate the varied climatic changes of the Proterozoic eon in different parts of the globe

10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) fossil record (line 3)

(B) laminae (line 13)

(D) glacial episodes (line 28)

PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC

托福阅读真题2

In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents — New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.

The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.

Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900's

(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields

(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles

2. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as

resulting primarily from

(A) new economic conditions

(B) images of cities shown in movies

(D) a large migrant population

3. The word meteoric in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) rapid

(B) famous

(D) methodical

(A) aqueduct

(B) vision

(D) agricultural potential

5. According to the passage , the most important factor in the development of agriculture around

Los Angeles was the

(A) influx of new residents to agricultural areas near the city

(B) construction of an aqueduct

(D) development of new connections to the city's natural harbor

6. According to the passage , the initial success of Hollywood' s motion picture industry was due

largely to the

(A) availability of many skilled workers

(B) beauty of the countryside

(D) region's climate and good weather

7. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the Los

Angeles area were employed in

(A) farming

(B) oil refining

(D) the motion picture industry

8. According to the passage , the Southern California oil fields were initially exploited due to

(A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles' rail system

(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America

(D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders

9. The phrase apace with in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) anew with

(B) apart from

(D) at the middle of

10. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to

the relative decline there of

(A) public transportation

(B) industrial areas

(D) oil fields

11. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles

(A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images

(B) lacked good suburban areas in which to live

(D) was not really a single city

PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA D

托福阅读真题3

Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.

The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.

For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America

(B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers

(D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods

2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) ensured

(B) raised

(D) discouraged

3. The word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) value

(B) popularity

(D) diversity

4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how

(A) entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system

(B) entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output

(D) changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes

5. All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820's

and 1830's EXCEPT

(A) an increase in the worker's dependence on entrepreneurs

(B) an increase in the wages paid to journeymen shoemakers

(D) a decrease in the price of shoes

6. All of the following are true of the outwork system EXCEPT

(A) It involved stages of production.

(B) It was more efficient than the systems used before 1790.

(D) It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.

7. The word prolific in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) efficient

(B) productive

(D) progressive

8. According to the passage , how did later mills differ from the mills differ from the mill built by

Oliver Evans?

(A) They were located away from large cities.

(B) They used new technology to produce power.

(D) They combined technology with the outwork system.

9. The word it in line 25 refers to

(A) water power

(B) machinery

(D) mill

10. The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factory

machinery?

(A) It become easier for factory' owners to find workers and customers.

(B) Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.

(D) Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.

11. The word eager in line 30 is closest in meaning to

(A) wealthy

(B) knowledgeable

(D) enthusiastic

PASSAGE 94 DBCAB CBBCA D

篇6：GRE阅读真题

Passage	第一题	第二题	第三题	第四题
1	B	D
2	C
3	AB	E
4	A	C

篇7：托福阅读真题

PASSAGE 4

The term Hudson River school was applied to the foremost representatives ofnineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the goldendays of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of thestruggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as therepresentative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practicedin a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securelyestablished in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy ofDesign. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figuralsubject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in theirown country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition inNew York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previousyears had been referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school — the mostrepresentative school of American art in any genre — had by 1890 become firmly established inthe minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.

The sobriquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it washardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in NewYork, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner oftechnique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist,Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the HudsonRiver. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many ofthem had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long servedas the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly theAdirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The National Academy of Design

(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

(D) The training of American artists in European academies

(A) Figural painting

(B) Landscape painting

(D) Historical painting

3. The word struggle in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) connection

(B) distance

(D) competition

4. The word monopolized in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) alarmed

(B) dominated

(D) pursued

5. According to the passage , what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the

painters born before 1835?

(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.

(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

(D) It supported their growth and development.

6. The word it in line 12 refers to

(A) matter

(B) technique

(D) country

7. The word factions in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) sides

(B) people

(D) images

8. The word flattering in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) expressive

(B) serious

(D) flashy

9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

(A) In Europe

(B) In the Adirondacks

(D) In New Hampshire

PASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACA

篇8：托福阅读真题

PASSAGE 5

Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation reflects how people live is by mirroring theenvironment — the materials and technologies available to a culture. Stone, wood, tree bark, clay,and sand are generally available materials. In addition, depending on the locality, other resourcesmay be accessible: shells, horns, gold, copper, and silver. The different uses to which societies putthese materials are of interest to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why people chooseto use clay and not copper when both items are available. Although there are no conclusiveanswers yet, the way in which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent in its choiceand use of artistic materials. The use of certain metals, for example, may be reserved forceremonial objects of special importance. Or the belief in the supernatural powers of a stone ortree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that material.

What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the realization that although thematerials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically,the materials by no means determine what is done. Why do the artists in Japanese society rakesand into patterns; and the artists in Roman society melt sand to form glass? Moreover, evenwhen the same material is used in the same way by members of different societies, the form orstyle of the work varies enormously from culture to culture. A society may simply choose torepresent objects or phenomena that are important to its population. An examination of the artof the Middle Ages tells us something about the medieval preoccupation with theologicaldoctrine. In addition to revealing the primary concerns of a society, the content of that society'sart may also reflect the culture's social stratification.

1. According to the passage , gold, copper, and silver are

(A) more difficult to handle than wood and

(B) of their stable social conditions

(D) available only in specific locations

2. The word conclusive in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) definitive

(B) controversial

(D) realistic

3. The word apparent in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) attractive

(B) logical

(D) distinct

4. Why does the author mention the supernatural powers of a stone or tree in line 10?

(A) to show that some sculptors avoid working with specific materials

(B) to emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials

(D) as an illustration of the impact of the environment on religious beliefs

5. The word it in line 13 refers to

(A) realization

(B) society

(D) influence

6. It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because

(A) they influenced each other stone

(B) commonly used by artists in all societies

(D) they used the same artistic material in very different ways

7. According to the passage , all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT

(A) It is used to create glass.

(B) Roman artists mix it into their paints.

(D) Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns.

8. The word Moreover in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) similarly

(B) in addition

(D) frequently

9. The word preoccupation in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) involvement

(B) separation

(D) argument

10. The word primary in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) discrete

(B) preliminary

(D) fundamental

PASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBAD

篇9：托福阅读真题

PASSAGE 6

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda,sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from theearly Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture ofalkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in thecommunities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.

Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making eitherwould do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potashfrom those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlersof the North American continent.

The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy ofcolonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for theglassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity topermit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship toarrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.

The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open,and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and waterwas poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. Theresulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.

In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land foragriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recoveredby the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in theseventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly ofshipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade atJamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts to encourage the making of potash,beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of thesubstance.

1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it was made

(B) Its value as a product for export

(D) Its importance in colonial North America

2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:

(A) They are alkalis.

(B) They are made from sea plants.

(D) They are used in making glass.

3. They phrase the latter in line 4 refers to

(A) alkali

(B) glass

(D) soap

4. The word stressed in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) defined

(B) emphasized

(D) mentioned

5. The word interchangeable in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) convenient

(B) identifiable

(D) advantageous

6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North

America because

(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available

(B) making potash required less time than making soda

(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT

(A) wood

(B) fire

(D) water

8. The word adjunct in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) addition

(B) answer

(D) possibility

9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that

(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods

(B) it helped finance the creation of farms

(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking

10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems

for southern settles?

(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.

(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.

(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.

PASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABD

篇10：GRE阅读真题

PP2-2

Passage 1

Objectively, of course, the various ecosystems that sustain life on the planet proceed independently of human agency, just as they operated before the hectic ascendancy of Homo sapiens. But it is also true that it is difficult to think of a single such system that has not, for better of worse, been substantially modified by human culture. Nor is this simply the work of the industrial centuries. It has been happening since the days of ancient Mesopotamia. It is coeval with the origins of writing, and has occurred throughout our social existence. And it is this irreversibly modified world, from the polar caps to the equatorial forests, that is all the nature we have.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and choose all that apply.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which of the following statements?

A. Over tie, the impact of human culture on the natural world has been largely benign.

B. It is a mistake to think that the natural world contains many areas of pristine wilderness.

C. The only substantial effects that human agency has had on ecosystems have been inadvertent.

2. The author mentions “ancient Mesopotamia” primarily in order to

A. provide some geographical and historical context for an earlier claim about the ascendancy of Homo sapiens

B. support the idea that the impact of human culture on nature was roughly the same in the ancient world as in later times

C. identify a place where the relationship between culture and nature was largely positive

D. emphasize the extent to which the modification of nature by human culture preceded the industrial period

E. make a connection between the origins of writing and other aspects of human cultural development

篇11：GRE阅读真题

PP2-1

Passage 1

Even after numerous products made with artificial sweeteners became available, sugar consumption per capita continue to rise. Now manufactures are introducing fat-free versions of various foods that they claim have the taste and texture of the traditional high-fat versions. Even if the manufacturers’ claim is true, given that the availability of sugar-free foods did not reduce sugar consumption, it is unlikely that the availability of these fat-free foods will reduce fat consumption.

1. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

A. Several kinds of fat substitute are available to manufacturers, each of which gives a noticeably different taste and texture to products that contain it.

B. The products made with artificial sweeteners did not taste like products made with sugar.

C. The foods brought out in sugar-free versions did not generally have reduced levels of fat, but many of the fat-free versions about to be introduced are low in sugar.

D. People who regularly consume products containing artificial sweeteners are more likely than others to consume fat-free foods.

E. Not all foods containing fat can be produced in fat-free versions.

篇12：GRE阅读真题

PP2-2

Passage 2

As an example of the devastation wrought on music publishers by the photocopier, one executive noted that for a recent choral Festival with 1,200 singers, the festival’s organizing committee purchased only 12 copies of the music published by her company that was performed as part of the festival.

1. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the support the example lends to the executive’s contention that music publishers have been devastated by the photocopier?

A. Only a third of the 1,200 singers were involved in performing the music published by the executive’s company.

B. Half of the singers at the festival had already heard the music they were to perform before they began to practice for the festival.

C. Because of shortages in funding, the organizing committee of the choral festival required singers to purchase their own copies of the music performed at the festival.

D. Each copy of music that was performed at the festival was shared by two singers.

E. As a result of publicity generated by its performance at the festival, the type of music performed at the festival became more widely known.

篇13：GRE阅读真题

PP2-1

Passage 2

Recent studies of sediment in the North Atlantic’s deep waters reveal possible cyclical patterns in the history of Earth’s climate. The rock fragments in these sediments are too large to have been transported there by ocean currents; they must have reached their present locations by traveling in large icebergs that floated long distances from their point of origin before melting. Geologist Gerard Bond noticed that some of the sediment grains were stained with iron oxide, evidence that they originated in locales where glaciers had overrun outcrops of red sandstone. Bond’s detailed analysis of deep-water sediment cores showed changes in the mix of sediment sources over time: the proportion of these red-stained grains fluctuated back and forth from lows of 5 percent to highs of about 17 percent, and these fluctuation occurred in a nearly regular 1,500-year cycle.

Bond hypothesized that the alternating cycles might be evidence of changes in ocean-water circulation and therefore in Earth’s climate. He knew that the sources of the red-stained grains were generally close to the North Pole than were the places yielding a high proportion of “clean” grains. At certain times, apparently, more icebergs from the Arctic Ocean in the far north were traveling south well into the North Atlantic before melting and shedding their sediment.

Ocean waters are constantly moving, and water temperature is both a cause and an effect of this movement. As water cools, it becomes denser and sinks to the ocean’s bottom. During some periods, the bottom layer of the world’s oceans comes from cold, dense water sinking in the far North Atlantic. This causes the warm surface waters of the Gulf Stream to be pulled northward. Bond realized that during such periods, the influx of these warm surface waters into northern regions could cause a large proportion of the icebergs that bear red grains to melt before traveling very far into the North Atlantic. But sometimes the ocean’s dynamic changes, and waters from the Gulf Stream do not travel northward in this way. During these periods, surface waters in the North Atlantic would generally be colder, permitting icebergs bearing red-stained grains to travel farther south in the North Atlantic before melting and depositing their sediment.

The onset of the so-called Little Ice Age (1300-1860), which followed the Medieval Warm Period of the eighth through tenth centuries, may represent the most recent time that the ocean’s dynamic changed in this way. If ongoing climate-history studies support Bond’s hypothesis of 1,500-year cycles, scientists may establish a major natural rhythm in Earth’s temperatures that could then be extrapolated into the future. Because the midpoint of the Medieval Warm Period was about A.D. 850, an extension of Bond’s cycles would place the midpoint of the next warm interval in the twenty-fourth century.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the rock fragments contained in the sediments studied by Bond?

A. The majority of them are composed of red sandstone.

B. They must have reached their present location over 1,500 years ago.

C. They were carried by icebergs to their present location.

D. Most of them were carried to their present location during a warm period in Earth’s climatic history.

E. They are unlikely to have been carried to their present location during the Little Ice Age.

2. In the final paragraph of the passage, the author is concerned primarily with

A. Answering a question about Earth’s climatic history

B. Pointing out a potential flaw in Bond’s hypothesis

C. Suggesting a new focus for the study of ocean sediments.

D. Tracing the general history of Earth’s climate

E. Discussing possible implications of Bond’s hypothesis

3. According to the passage, Bond hypothesized that which of the following circumstances would allow red-stained sediment grains to reach more southerly latitudes?

A. Warm waters being pulled northward from the Gulf Stream

B. Climatic conditions causing icebergs to melt relatively quickly

C. Icebergs containing a higher proportion of iron oxide than usual

D. The formation of more icebergs than usual in the far north

E. The presence of cold surface waters in the North Atlantic

4. It can be inferred from the passage that in sediment cores from North Atlantic’s deep waters, the portions that correspond to the Little Ice Age

A. differ very little in composition from the portions that correspond to the Medieval Warm Period

B. fluctuate significantly in composition between the portions corresponding to the 1300s and the portions corresponding to the 1700s

C. would be likely to contain a proportion of red-stained grains closer to 17 percent than to 5 percent.

D. show a much higher proportion of red-stained grains in cores extracted from the far north of the North Atlantic than in cores extracted from further south

E. were formed in part as a result of Gulf Stream waters having been pulled northward

篇14：GRE阅读真题

PP2-1

Passage 3

Historians frequently employ probate inventories—list of possessions compiled after a person’s death—to estimate standard of living. Because these inventories were taken by amateur assessors according to unwritten rules, they are sometimes unreliable. One way to check their accuracy is to compare them to archaeological records. A study of records from the state of Delaware in the eighteenth century found that while very few inventories listed earthenware, every excavation contained earthenware. Earthenware may have gone unlisted simply because it was inexpensive. But if it was so commonplace, why was it listed more often for wealthy households? Perhaps the more earthenware people had, the more likely appraisers were to note it. A few bowls could easily be absorbed into another category, but a roomful of earthenware could not.

1. Select the sentence that provides support for an answer to a question in the passage.

GRE阅读真题之PP2答案一览

PP2-1

Passage	第一题	第二题	第三题	第四题
1	B
2	C	E	E	C
3	“A … not.”

篇15：GRE阅读真题

PP2-2

Passage 3

A tall tree can transport a hundred gallons of water a day from its roots deep underground to the treetop. Is this movement propelled by pulling the water from above or pushing it from below? The pull mechanism has long been favored by most scientists. First proposed in the late 1800s, the theory relies on a property of water not commonly associated with fluids: it tensile strength. Instead of making a clean break, water evaporating from treetops tugs on the remaining water molecules, with that tug extending from molecule to molecule all the way down to the roots. The tree itself does not actually push or pull; all the energy for lifting water comes from the sun’s evaporative power.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and choose all that apply.

1. Which of the following statement is supported by the passage?

A. The pull theory is not universally accepted by scientists.

B. The pull theory depends on one of water’s physical properties.

C. The pull theory originated earlier than did the push theory.

2. The passage provides information on each of the following EXCEPT:

A. when the pull theory originated

B. the amount of water a tall tree can transport

C. the significance of water’s tensile strength in the pull theory

D. the role of the sun in the pull theory

E. the mechanism underlying water’s tensile strength