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篇1：虚拟语气课件
虚拟语气课件
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
1. 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的'if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
3. 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
4. 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
5. 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
2. 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
3. would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
1. it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
3. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
4. 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
5. 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
篇2：虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；
(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）
If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来
（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：
If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．
She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．
If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：
Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．
Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．
Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．
（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：
If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．
If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：
I suggest that we（should）set off at once．
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．
I wish I were as strong as you．
I would rather that you hadn't told him．
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；
在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：
They talked as if they had been friends for years．
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．
6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：
在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’s time I was going.
It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.
7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.
8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
9. would rather.
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：
1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.
假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？
Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?
12. so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
He hid it lest she (should) see it.
我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。
I'll get some beer in case John should come.
他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．
13. if only
如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；
如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；
如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
篇3：虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
篇4：虚拟语气浅析
虚拟语气浅析
本文简要地录述了虚拟语气的分类、构成及用法、对虚拟语气做了简单的总结,有利于今后英语教学中系统讲解把握.
作 者：孙志杰 作者单位：山东警察学院,山东,济南,250014 刊 名：华章 英文刊名：MAGNIFICENT WRITING 年，卷(期)： “”(9) 分类号：H0 关键词：虚拟语言 用法篇5：虚拟语气
虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的.是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
篇6：关于虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式
一．一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+ would/could/should have + p.p
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
(3) 对将来的虚拟：
If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth.
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.
注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.
Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
二． 混合虚拟：
（1） 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.
You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.
三． 特殊句式：
(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause (should do/do )
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist的判断)
(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句)
(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）
His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同位语从句）
(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）
It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）
It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
（5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)
I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )
It is (high/about) time we went home.
(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）
I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.
(8) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反) ((would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice!
If only I were ten years younger!
(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反)
She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(10) would like/was/were to have done something
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.
(11) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)
I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)
四 。虚拟巩固练习：
1. The plant is dead. I ___more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
2. I insist that a doctor ___ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. send for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.
A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed
4. I wish I ___ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
5. What would you have done last night, if you to write your homework.
A. hadn’t B. haven’t had C. didn’t have D. hadn’t had
6. ---Did you catch the plane?
-----No, if I had hurried, I .
A. would B. would have C. could D. did
7. Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
8. --- Shall we go skating or stay at home? ---Which____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
9. --- We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
---Yes, a taxi ___ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be
10. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.
A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started
11. Tom ought not to ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
12. ---If he ____, he ___ that food.
--- Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken
B. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
13. ---- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
-----No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.
A. have, will be B, had had, would have been
C. had, would be D. had had, would be
14. If you George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see
15. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get
C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
16. I am sure he hasn’t sent the letter. If he it, I .
A. sent, got B. sent, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got.
17. The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
18. Jane’ pale face suggested that he ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
19. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
21.____ for the free tickets, _____ I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
22. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
23. I should have been there, but I ___ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
24. If he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
25. How I wish every family ___ a large house with a garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
26. I thought you ____ like something to read , so I have brought you some books.
A. might B. may C. could D. must
27. There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. needn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. mustn’t have hurried
28. It was necessary that he about what had happened.
A. be told B. was told C. should tell D. tell
29. It was strange that we short of water in the country where it was always raining.
A. are B. be C. should be D. both B and C
30. You any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.
A. won’t meet with B. would not meet with
C. would not have met with D. have not met with
31. .He did his best in everything, he would not have seen what he was.
A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that
32. ---You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. It is very good.
----I wished I , but I was busy with my report.
A. had B. did C. would have D. were
33. ---- Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
-----Yes, I would have, but I very busy.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
34. If only I his advice, but I am sorry I did.
A. would not take B. would not have taken
C. did not take D. had not taken
35. It is time we to the concert. A. went B, go C. will go D. should go
36. ---I’d like to get a job in that computer shop.
---I would much rather you ___at home and ___ care of the children.
A. stay, take B. stayed, took C. should stay, took D. stayed, take
37. If we ___ birth control earlier, China ___ such a large population.
A. had begun, wouldn’t have B. had begun, wouldn’t have had
C. began, wouldn’t have D. should begin, wouldn’t have had
38. They treats the granny as if she ____ their own mother. A> is B. was C. were D. had been
39. ---What do you think of the food here? ---Oh, wonderful! WE ___ a better place.
A. won’t find B. mustn’t have found C. can’t find D. couldn’t have found
40. We ___ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
41. It was suggested that the match ___ because of the weather.
A. would be put off B. should put off C. must be put off D. be put off
42.If only I ___ to your advice and returned home in time.
A. listened B. had listened C. would listen D. would have listened
43. ___, there would be no industry.
A. Without steel B. If there is not steel C. There would be no steel D. If there was not steel
44.---Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? ---I wish I ___, but I ___ study for a test.
A. had, will have to B. would, had to C. did, have to D. could, have to
45. He spoke as if he ___ in space at that moment.
A. had walked B. were walking C. would walk D. walked
46. I would do it in a different way ___ it.
A. were I do B. were I to do C. should I to do D. had I done
47. But for his help, they ___ over the mountain in such a short time.
A. had not run B. have not run C. couldn’t have run D. can’t have run
48. There is nothing left. I wish I ___ so much money on clothes.
A. haven’t spent B. hadn’t spent C. couldn’t have spent D. not spend
49. ---Why are you late? ---I got caught in traffic; otherwise I ___ here on time.
A. would have been B. was C. were D. had been
50. ---What happened to the trees planted last spring?
---The trees ___ well. But they didn’t take good care of them.
A. would grow B. shall have grown C. would have grow D. might grow
51. He would have died ___ that doctor.
A. hadn’t it been B. it id had been C. were it for D. had it not been for
52. What would you do if you __ a house on fire? A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen
五．参考答案：
1-5 DDDCD 6-10 BDBAC 11-15 ABCAD
16-20 DDBBA 21-25 CDBCB 26-30 AAADB
31-35 CCCDA 36-40BACDC 41-45DBADB
46-52BCBACDA
篇7：强化训练：虚拟语气
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose B. would have lost
C. might lose D. ought to have lost
8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact
C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been
C. were D. hadn’t contacted
13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be
C. there was D. there having been
17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的)l.
A. offend B. had offended
C. should have offended D. might have offended
19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.
A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
22. I wish I ___________ with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.
A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone
C. did not go D. can not have gone
25. “I wish you___________ me to put these things away,” he said.
A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling
27. I hadn’t expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him calling me B. that he would call me
C. him to call me D. that he call me
28.George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.
A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
39.Without electronic computers, much of today’s ___________advanced technology .
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
46. I hadn’t expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him to call me up B. him calling me up
C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me
47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.
A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes
49. I’d rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.
A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking
C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak
51. It’s high time they____________ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___________ the class.
A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start
54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. ought to have received
C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received
56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming
57. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.
A. have been postponed B. has been postponed
C. postpone D. be postponed
59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay
C. asks he stays D. asks he stay
62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.
A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing
65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.
A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to
答案与详解
1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。
3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。
4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。
5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。
8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。
11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。
13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。
14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。
17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。
18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。
20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．
26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。
29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。
30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．C．
36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。
37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
38．（B）
39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。
40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。
41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。
42．（C）
43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。
44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。
45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。
46．C． 47．C． 48．C．
49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。
50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式.
51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．
55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。
56．C．同上。
57．A．注意词组for fear that
58．A．注意without
59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．
篇8：人教版虚拟语气
The Subjunctive Mood
英语中的三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气用来表示说话人的一种与事实相反的主观愿望、猜测、建议或假想等。if条件句与主句的动词变化形式：
1.If 条件状语从句中的虚拟形式：
虚拟语气 If条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式（若动词为be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might+have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式
2.should＋动词原形
3.were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形
注意：
1）有时虚拟条件不用虚拟条件句表示，而用but for(要不是), without(如果没有),otherwise或or(否则)，或通过上下文来表示。
Eg. But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.
Without water, all on the earth could not live.
2)if only（要是…就好了）
Eg. If only I were your brother.
2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气：
1)It’s important/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/desirable/ect.+that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)
类似用法的形容词还有：essential, possible, impossible, dreadful, funny等
Eg. It is important that she (should) cooperate with us.
It was unnecessary that they (should) get here so early.
2)It’s +ordered/advised/ requested/required/desired/suggested + that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)
Eg. It’s ordered that the classroom(should) be kept in order.
It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules.
It is suggested that we (should)start the work at once.
3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
1)表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”等意义的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即谓语“(should)+V原”)
这类动词有：request, order,propose, command, advise, recommend, demand, suggest, insist等。
Eg. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means.
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
※注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明；暗示”时,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟。
Eg. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for hi.
He insisted that he was honest.
2) 过去式或过去进行时（be用were） 对现在情况的虚拟
wish+that宾语从句(that常省) had＋过去分词 对过去情况的虚拟
would +V原 对将来的主观愿望
eg. I wish I could fly.
I wish you would stay a little longer.
I wish I had known it before.
3)would rather+宾语从句（谓语动词用过去式）
Eg. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.
4. 表语从句：
表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”、“欲望”、“劝告”等动词派生出来的同根名词作主语时，其表语从句要虚拟（即谓语“(should)+V原”），这类名词有：suggestion, proposal,request, advice, decision, requirement等.
Eg. The old man’s request is that his children (should) give him some money to live on every month.
My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down.
5. 同位语从句：同位语从句用虚拟语气的情况与表语从句类似。
Eg. My wish that a teaching bulding (should) be built here will soon come true.
What do you think of Mr Li’s proposal that we (should) have a get-together next Friday?
6. It is (high) time+that从句（谓语动词常用过去式）
Eg. It is time that the child went to bed.
7. 注意下列用法：
should/ought to have done
should not/ought not to have done
could/ might have done
need not have done
8. as if/though从句若情况属实，用陈述语气。否则用虚拟语气。（现在情况：动词用过去式；过去情况：had＋过去分词
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It looks as if he had finished all his task.
9.在if引导的虚拟语气的条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were,或had, should, would等，有时可将if省略，将条件句中were,或had, should, would提到主语之前。
Eg. Were I (=If you were) you, I would make more notes.
Had you (= If you had) invited us, we would have come.
Exercises:
1. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he ___ me from leaving.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
2. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
3. He suggested that she ___ at once.
A. starts B. to start C. should start D. started
4. Her expression suggested that she ___ angry.
A. was B. were C. be D. should be
5. They insisted that he ___ present at the meeting.
A. was B. were C. be D. should
6. I wish I ___ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
7. --- Did you enjoy the film last night?
--- Yes, but I wish I ___ a headache.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have
8. It is necessary that he ___ to the hospital at once.
A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent
9. My suggestion is that you ___ the party nexst weekend.
A. held B. sould hold C. should hold D. could hold
10. The leader gave orders that the work ___ before May Day.
A. finished B. be finished C. to finished D. finish.
11. Bod ___ hard, otherwise he ___ in this exam.
A. can’t have worked; wouldn’t have failed B. can’t work; wouldn’t have failed
C. mustn’t have worked; wouldn’t fail D. must have worked; would fail
12. The driver kept his head; or the accident ___.
A. would happen B. happened C. would have happened D. would be happened
13. His failure in the college entrance esam suggested that he ___ hard.
A. not study B. should not study C. study D. had not studied
14. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
15.--- I stayed at a hotel wihile in NewYork.
--- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara.
A. would have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
1. It was suggested that such machines ___ at once.
A. would be produced b. will be produced C. was to be produced D. be produced
2. I wish I ___ to America with you, but I AM TOO BUSY.
A. will go B. can go C. shall go D. could go
3. --- It’s raining, and I have no umbrella.
--- Here’s mine and I insist ___ it.
A. you to take B. that you take C. that you taking D. you taking
4. She went to the market early so that she ___ buy some fresh fish.
A. can B. might C. must D. should
5. Bob would rather ____.
A. working in the garden than doing his homework.
B. work in the garden than do his homework.
C. to work in the garden than to do his homework.
D. work in the garden thatn doing his homework.
6. Would you rather I ___ buying a new bike?
A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided against D. shall decide against
7. If only I ___ earlier.
A. come B. have come C. had come D. might come
8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
9. If we ___ yesterday , we ___ the work.
A. weren’t interrupted; would finish B. didn’t interrupt; would have finished
C. hadn’t interrupted; had finished D. hadn’t been interrupted; would have finished
10. ___, I’d have told you.
A. If I would have known it B. If I have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I know it
11. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. were he to leave D. If he leaves
12. If you had not helped them, they ___ in London now.
A. would still be B. will still be C. would have still gone D. will have still gone
13. Without your help, we ___ so much.
A. will not achieve B. didn’t achieve C. don’t achieve D. would not have achieved
14. Your advice that she ___ till next week is reasonable.
A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait
15. --- What are you going to do next year?
--- I don’t know. But it’s time ____ something.
A. I decided B. I deciding C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide
16. She insisted that a doctor ___ immediately.
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
17. The thief closed his eyes ___ he ___ dying.
A. even if; was B. though; would be C. even; had been D. as if; were
18. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ___ their won son.
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
19. It is strange that he ___ back so early.
A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come
20. My suggestion is that the meeting ___ of till next Sunday.
A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put
21. The teacher demanded that the exam ___ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
22. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house; if she ever found out, I’m sure ___.
A. she’d never forgive me B. she never forgives me
C. she’ll never have forgiven me D. she does never forgive me
23. Without the help of the teacher, I ___ the entrance exam.
A. wouldn’t pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. couldn’t be able to pass D. will never pass
24. But for the leadership of our Party and Government, we ___ these splendid results.
A. have achieved B. shouldn’t have achieved C. should have achieved D. would achieve
25. He didn’t come yesterday, or you ___ him.
A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen
26. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ___ so tired.
A.drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C . were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have get
27. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
28. I suggested the person ___ to be put into prison.
A. refers B. refering C. referred D. refer
29. --- Did you go with them?
--- No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I ___.
A. had been B. hadn’t C. wasn’t D. was
30. Without electricity, human life ___ qute difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. was
篇9：虚拟语气用法
作者：张金该
本组试题将把你带进一个全新的虚拟世界，让你体验解题的无穷乐趣，在你享受快乐的同时，你的解题能力和技巧也会在不知不觉中提高。
1. I ________ that the old man had lived with his daughter ten years ago， but he is still living alone.
A. think B. was thinking C. had thought D. have thought
2. I ________ to go to your birthday party， but I had to look after my mother in hospital.
A. loved B. have loved C. should love D. should have loved
3. They ________ a lecture at 8：30， but they had to put it off because the speaker didn't arrive on time.
A. were to have held
B. were to hold
C. held
D. had held
4. I would rather not ________ with her about it， but I didn't control my feelings at that time.
A. quarrel B. to quarrel C. have quarreled D. had quarreled
5. - I can't recite the poem.
- Well， you are supposed ________ it many times yesterday evening.
A. to read B. to have read C. reading D. having read
6. If I ________ in health， I ________ swimming in the lake with them yesterday.
A. was； went
B. was； was going
C. were; would go
D. had been； would have gone
7. I went to see my uncle last night. Otherwise， I ________ Mr. Smith at my house.
A. met B. would meet C. had met D. would have met
参考答案与简析：
1. C。一些表心理活动的动词（如think， suppose，guess， hope等）可用“过去完成时或一般过去时后接宾语从句”表示一个“与事实不符的过去的想法、猜想或希望”。
2. D。可用“should / would + have liked / loved + to do sth.”表示“过去本来想要做某事而未曾做到”。
3. A。可用“was / were + to have done sth.”表示“过去本来计划、安排做某事，但并未做到”。
4. C。可用“would rather + have done sth.”表示“主观上本来宁愿做某事，而实际上却没有做”，用否定式则表示“主观上本来宁愿不做某事，而实际上却做了”。
5. B。be supposed有“应该”之意，后面只接不定式，若不定式用完成式，表示“过去本来应该做某事，而实际上没有去做”，用否定式意思相反，此用法也含有批评、责备、抱怨之意。
6. D。当if条件状语从句表示对过去情况的假设时，从句谓语用had done，主句用would have done。
7. D。有时虚拟if条件从句不出现，而是通过某些词语（如otherwise， or， without， but for， but等）暗示虚拟语境，这时句子要用虚拟语气，注意要准确判断时间，决定句子谓语动词形式。此题显然与过去相关。
篇10：虚拟语气教案设计
虚拟语气教案设计
第三章 虚拟语气
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood），又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小。
一、动词的语气
语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？
How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！
2.祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？
Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！
二、条件句中的虚拟语气
英语中条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
A．真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
B．非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，其构成有三种形式：
与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语：were did
主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + do
与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语：had done
主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + have done
与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语：didwere
主句的谓：should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do
1． 表示与现在事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
? would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
2．表示与过去事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
3． 表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
① weredid
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。
If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。
② should do
条件从句中不管什么人称都用should do，可表示有偶然实现的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。
③ were to do
条件从句用were + to do。这种形式比较正式，常出现在书面语中，其假设成份很大，实现的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？
对比：
将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的.虚拟语气对比
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（常用形式）
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（可能性较小）
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）
C．省略if的条件句
在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）
D．错综条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
注意：
在很多情况下，我们也可以用was来代替当主语是第一人称或第三人称单数时的were。
If were here tomorrow...
也可以说成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以说成：I sish I was a bird.
但倒装句型中的were不可被was来替换。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我处在你的位置，我是不会干这件事的。
E．含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
1．条件暗含在短语中
He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. 他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
2．条件可根据上下文推理出
It would do you no good. 这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放弃这项工作的话)
They could have won. 他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient 如果他们有耐心的话)
Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误完全能避免。（条件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一点的话）
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 为什么你不告诉我？我会帮助你的。（条件可能是if you had told me about it
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