冀教版七年级unit4 L27-L32教案(冀教版七年级英语上册教案教学设计)（精选14篇）由网友“无数个黑夜”投稿提供，下面是小编帮大家整理后的冀教版七年级unit4 L27-L32教案(冀教版七年级英语上册教案教学设计)，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：冀教版七年级unit4 L27-L32教案(冀教版七年级英语上册教案教学设计)
Lesson 25: Let’s Do an Experiment
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: science, experiment, fill, prove
Oral words and expressions: theory, jar, upside, observe, right, side up, upside down
Teaching Aims:
1. Use the Simple Present Tense.
2. Express certainty and uncertainty
Teaching Important Points:
1. Learn to express sequence;
2. How to express an experiment.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Express certainty and uncertainty
Teaching Preparation: jar, cardboard, water
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, jar, cardboard, water
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Teacher brings the jar, cardboard and water to the class. Show them to the students and ask what experiments we can do with them. Let the students show them and explain the reasons to the students.
Let the students work in groups and discuss the experiments. When one group is doing the experiments, the others can ask the questions. The teacher can ask questions, too.
Step2. Now let the students open their books and guess what the experiment is. Ask the students to say it in English.
Step3. Read the text silently and answers the following questions.
1. What’s a theory?
2. What’s an experiment for?
3. Did Danny read about the experiment? What is it about?
4. Do you think the cardboard can hold the water in the jar? Why?
Step4. Read the text carefully and check the answers. Explain some words and expressions to the class.
Step5. Listen to the tape and repeat after it line by line. Can the students’ listening good enough to hear clearly?
Step6. Come to “Let’s Do It.”
Divide the class into two groups. One group thinks the floor will get wet. The others think it won’t. Let them discuss in class. Pay attention to telling the reasons.
Step7. Homework
1. Review the next lesson.
2. Finish off the activity book.
Summary:
The experiment is the main part of the text. If we have time, do it in the class. Then ask them to describe what they see. Give a report to the class. If the time in class isn’t enough, let the students do the experiment after class. Then report the result to the class. The teacher can do the experiment for the students, too.
Lesson 26: One Wet Danny?
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: force
Oral words and expressions: swimsuit, observation, turn…over
Teaching Aims:
1. Use the Simple Future Tense to describe the thing that will happen.
2. Grasp the knowledge by doing the experiment. Enjoy the experiment and finish it by students themselves.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Grasp the Simple Future Tense.
2. Talk about the experiment process.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Some words and expressions, such as: talk about, talk to, tell sb., ask sb. to do sth.
Teaching Preparation: jar, cardboard, water, pictures
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures, jar, cardboard, water
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Review Lesson 25.
Let some students talk about the main idea of Lesson 25.
The teacher and the students can ask:
1. What do we use in the experiment?
2. How do you turn the jar full of water upside down?
3. What do you cover on the jar?
4. What’s your theory?
Step2. Do a survey:
1. How many students have done the experiment?
2. What’s the result?
3. How many students think Danny is going to get wet?
Report it to the class.
Step3. Listen to the tape and let some students ask the following questions:
1. What are they talking about?
2. Who will do the experiment?
3. What will happen to the water in the experiment?
4. What will keep the water in the jar?
5. What will they do after the experiment?
Step4. Read the text silently and check the answers. Read it in roles in class in individuals or in groups.
Step5. Let some students act the dialogue out in front of the class.
Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT.”
Do the experiment in groups. Let the students observe the experiment carefully. Then give a report to the class about what it is like. Do anyone get wet in the experiment? Why?
Step7. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Go on the next reading in the student book.
Summary:
This passage is about the two opinions to the experiment. Why do you think so is the main explanations. Let the students have a brainstorm. The teacher walks around and helps them if it necessary
Lesson 27: Danny the “Dry-o-saur”!
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: surprised, examine, discover, explain, enough, liquid, solid, spoon, add, mix, pour
Oral words and expressions: weird, mud, cornstarch, spoonful, dissolve, press
Teaching Aims:
1. Ask the students to observe and report it to the class.
2. Increase students’ interest in English.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Describe an experiment in English.
2. Improve the students’ spoken English.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Some words and expressions that used in the experiment.
Teaching Preparation: a bowl, a spoon, cornstarch, water
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, a bowl, a spoon, cornstarch, water
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Ask the students what we can do with the things that we brought to the class. If they can do something interesting, let them demonstrate them in class. Then ask them to explain the reasons.
Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:
1. Why is Danny wearing his swimsuit?
2. Is Danny wet when Brain takes his hand off?
3. Why is Danny still dry after the experiment?
Step3. Now read the text silently and check the answers. Then read it loudly in class.
Step4. Read the text loudly in roles in class. Let some students act it out in front of the class.
Step5. Ask the students to describe the dialogue in English. Encourage them to use English as much as possible.
Step6. Have the class rewrite the text in the past tense. Divide the class into twelve groups. Assign one paragraph to each group. Each group should discuss and representative from each group read aloud what has been praise rewritten. Comment on their work and remember to give praise for good efforts!
Step7. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Go on the next reading in the student book.
Summary:
The experiment is interesting, but how to describe it in English is difficult. Remember to cultivate the students’ spoken English in class. Give them more chance to practice. when the students are doing experiments, they must explain clearly step by step.
Lesson 28: Fill My Plate
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: plate, taste, empty, full
Oral words and expressions: taste good
Teaching Aims:
1. Know about the foreign culture.
2. Learn to sing foreign songs.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Learn to sing the song.
2. According to the pictures, make up dialogues.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Make up a dialogue about having a meal in your home or in a restaurant.
Teaching Preparation: a plate, pictures
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, a plate, pictures
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Listen to the tape and grasp the rhythm. Listen to the tape and sing with it.
Step2. Let the students read the text line by line. Have the class read the lyrics as a poem. You may divide the class into two groups. Each group will read one line at a time. Make sure students can read rhythmically with a good sense of the rhymes!
Step3. Listen to the tape. Let the students sing after it.
Step4. Play the tape for several times until the students can sing well.
Step5. Let some volunteers come to the front and sing individually.
Sep6. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Review the next lesson.
Summary:
Introduce more knowledge about the foreign countries to the students, which will stimulate the students’ interest of learning English. Learning to sing English songs is another way of increasing students’ learning interests. So give them chance to sing in front of the class.
Lesson 29: An Eastern Egg Hunt
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: basket, hide, everywhere
Oral words and expressions: hunt, be gone, Easter
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn more about the foreign festivals in western countries.
2. Find the differences between the Chinese festivals and the western festivals.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Introduce more knowledge about Easter.
2. The Simple Present Tense.
The Difficult Points:
1. Know about the activities that we do during Easter.
2. How do people in western countries celebrate it?
Teaching Preparation: pictures, baskets, eggs
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures, basketballs, eggs
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Listen to the song “Fill My Plate” again. Let several volunteers to sing in front of the class.
Step2. A Guessing Game
Work with a partner. One student hides something of the other’s, the other looks for it. If they can’t find the thing, they can ask questions:
Is it on the desk?
Is it on the floor?
Where can I find it?
Step3. Listen to the tape. Can they find the answers to the following questions?
1. What is Danny doing in the park?
2. Who brought a lot of chocolate eggs?
3. Where do they hide the eggs?
4. Can Debbie make eggs? Why?
Step4. Read the text silently and check the answers. Ask them to find more questions. Now report their questions to the class. Let’s discuss the questions and find the answers together.
Step5. Play the tape again. Let the students read after it until they can read it correctly and fluently.
Step6. Ask some students come to the front and act the dialogue out.
Step7. Come to “LET’S DO IT!”
Let’s play the game together. Remember to speak English. The teacher walks around the classroom and reminds them.
Step8. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Go on the next reading in the student book.
Summary:
Activities are important parts in English classes. Put the main ideas of today’s knowledge in the activities. So how to arrange the activities is of great use. When we are playing the games, we must speak English as much as possible
Lesson 30: Keep the Candle Burning!
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: match, light, burn, use up
Oral words and expressions: shallow, candleholder, oxygen
Teaching Aims:
1. Cultivate the spirit of loving science.
2. How do you express the sequence?
Teaching Important Points:
1. Write an experiment report.
2. Describe and explain the experiment in English.
Teaching Preparation: a candle, a candleholder, a big glass jar, a shallow dish with water matches
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, a candle, a candleholder, a big glass jar, a shallow dish with water matches
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Bring the teaching aids to the class. The teacher asks the students: What experiments can they do with the aids?
Let them do in front of the class. When they do it, describe it in English.
Do the others agree with their views? Why?
Step2. Read the text and let the students know about the experiment.
Step3. Close the books and write what the text is about. Write the main process and they can have a change if they think it is necessary. Then after they finish it, open their books and compare what they write with the text. Let’s see whose is the best.
Step4. Listen to the tape for several times until they can read it correctly and fluently.
Step5. Ask the students to find questions. Let’s have a discussion in class. Such as:
1. What is the match used for?
2. How much water do we fill in the jar?
3. How long does the candle burn?
4. What does the candle use to burn?
5. Can you explain the experiment in English? What’s your reason?
Step6. Come to “PROJECT”
Divide the class into groups of four or five. Let one group chooses an experiment to practice. Explain it in English as they are doing the experiment. Encourage them to use English as much as possible. The teacher helps them if they are in trouble.
If we can’t finish the experiment in this lesson, we can continue in next lesson. Remind the students to bring the things that they need. If they want to do more experiments that we learned or we don’t learn, they can bring everything they need to the class. The teacher should praise the group that does more experiments.
Step7. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Review the next lesson.
Summary:
Do the experiment and let the students report to the class. This can increase the students learning interests. As the students doing the experiments, let them explain them in English as much as possible. The teacher can help them if it necessary
Lesson 31: Surprise Your Friends!
Teaching Content:
Oral words and expressions: take off
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn to express sequence.
2. Teach the students’ science spirits.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Describe the experiments in English.
2. Express the experiment phenomenon in English.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Describe the experiments in English and explain the reason.
Teaching Preparation: pictures
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures
Type of lesson: new lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Check the homework of Lesson 30.
1. Read the words and expressions in Lesson 30.
2. Make sentences with the words and expressions in Lesson 30.
Step2. Read the text and discuss the main idea about the text.
1. What’s the main idea of the text?
2. What’s the experiment about?
3. Did you do the experiment at home? What did you do? Is it the same as the experiment that we learn in the text?
4. How do you explain the experiment to the class?
Step3. Listen to the tape and read after it until they can read it fluently.
Step4. Let the students work in groups. Describe the experiment in Lesson 30. Then report it to the class. Choose whose report is the best. Why is it good?
Step5. Describe the same experiment that is explained in Lesson 30 in English. Work in groups. When they can’t go on their description, they can look at the book.
Let the students report to the class about their description.
Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.
Step7. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Do the exercises in Lesson 32.
Summary:
Experiments are the main parts of the unit. How do students grasp this part well? I think doing the experiments really is very important. Ask the students to choose the one that they think interesting to do in front of the class. Explain it in English as they are doing the experiments
Lesson 32: Unit Review
Teaching Content:
Review the mastery words and expressions from Lesson 25 to Lesson 31.
Review the oral words and expressions from Lesson 25 to Lesson 31.
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn to love science and cultivate the spirit of discovering things.
2. Know more about the foreign festivals.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Teach the students to take care of science and to do experiments by themselves.
2. Easter is an important festival in foreign countries, so we must know about it.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Express the sequence, uncertainty and uncertainty
Teaching Preparation: water, jar, cardboard
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, water, jar, cardboard
Type of lesson: review lesson
Teaching Procedure:
Step1. Ask the students to do the experiments that they like in front of the class. As they are doing the experiments, explain them in English.
The students stand beside them. Help them if it necessary. Ask the students to observe carefully. What experiments are they doing?
Are the experiments that they are doing the same as yours?
What can we learn from the others?
What do we learn from the experiments?
Step2. Play a Game
This game is about the foreign countries. The most important festival in western countries is Christmas, then Easter. Discuss what we do on the festivals.
Discuss the other festivals in western countries, such as Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, and Thanksgiving.
Step3. Do with the exercises in Lesson 32.
Discuss the difficulties in class in groups. If it is too difficult, we can explain it to the class.
Step4. Practice the spoken language in pairs.
Step5. Come to the last part in Lesson 32.
Review the main points in this part. How do you express certainty and uncertainty, sequence and the grammar “The Present Future Tense”.
Step6. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2. Review the words and expressions in this unit.
Summary:
Sometimes something is simple for you to do, but can you express it in English? It’s good for the teacher to arrange the students to the interesting that they learn in this unit or before. Remember to say it in English. The best way to learn a foreign language is to use it.
篇2：冀教版语文七年级上册教案
教学目标
1、提炼关键信息，梳理课文结构，理解说明顺序。
2、通过与所学《中国石拱桥》的比较，感知科学小品文生动说明的语言特点。
3、感悟作者情感，培养学生关注自然、保护环境的意识
教学重难点
通过教师引导、学生自主探究，以文章情感为线，贯穿课堂。通过语言品析，感知科学小品文生动说明的语言特点，并通过品味改写，加深对不同风格说明文语言的认识。
课型设计
自主探究、教师点拨课——本文是学生接触的第一篇科学小品文，在教师渗透说明文相关知识的基础上，希望学生能通过课前预习、课堂探究、教师引导将说明新知的学习深入巩固，并拓展运用，了解常规说明文语言与科学小品文语言的差异。希望能充分调动学生学习潜能，引导学生自主发现问题、探究问题，充分发挥学生课堂学习的主体作用。
课时安排：
1课时
教学流程：
一、导入
由课题“入侵”直接导入。(板书课题)
【设计意图】直接入题，一方面让学生快速理解说明对象，同时引导学生带着作者的写作情感去感知文章，以情为线，贯穿教学。
二、默读课文整体感知
1、请同学们快速默读课文(并提出默读要求)，筛选有用信息，说说从中获得哪些相关知识。
2、学生回答，教师总结明确，明晰本文的说明顺序。
【设计意图】整体感知，通过默读锻炼学生梳理文章结构、把握文章要点的能力。问题设置较易操作，旨在面对全体学生，调动学习积极性，引导学生关注文本。同时通过对学生回答的板书整理，明确本文的说明顺序。
三、阅读比较体味语言
1、比较《中国石拱桥》与本课，体悟科学小品文语言特点，结合范例引导学生掌握方法，赏读语言，体悟情感。
2、通过将文中平实说明语言的改写，学会运用生动说明的方法。
【设计意图】这部分的设计希望能切合学生的学习发现和学习兴趣，调动学生参与意识和自主学习能力。通过自主探究形式，引导学生对科学小品文语言风格的初步赏析。并能通过老
师方法的引导，品析语言，体味语言的生动性与情感。教师在授课过程中，适时引导学生品析的角度，启发学生思维，引导学生自主思考、表达。
四、总结本课体会精神
教师小结本课所学知识基础上，引导学生培养关注自然，保护自然的意识。
【设计意图】由本文内容的品读，情感的把握，启发学生要关注自然，保护自然。
五、作业布置
请同学们尝试运用生动说明的写法，搜集生活中的生物入侵者相关介绍性资料，写一段说明文字。
【设计意图】就课堂学习重点进行课外可行性的拓展延伸，引导学生将感知到的说明方法在练笔中加以尝试。学用结合。
板书设计：
生物入侵者
修辞生
成语动
说
明
科学小品文
篇3：冀教版语文七年级上册教案
●教学目标
1.阅读课文，了解本文说明的主要内容。
2.学习本文所使用的说明顺序和说明方法。
3.提高学生的环保意识。
●课时安排：1课时。
●教学重点
学习本文所使用的说明顺序和说明方法。
●预习作业：查资料，每个同学找出我国3种生物入侵者(现象)并且用50字左右的一段话概括。
●教学步骤：
一、导入
1、“加拿大一枝黄花”图片以及下面的文字导入。
加拿大一枝黄花，又名黄莺、麒麟草，属菊科植物。这种花色泽亮丽，在花市上被称为“幸福草”，常用于插花中的配花。加拿大一枝黄花原产北美，1935年作为观赏植物引入我国。在苏浙沪一带和广东省，加拿大一枝黄花近年来使植物大面积死亡，果园、农田作物产量和质量受到严重影响，危及生态安全。(学生自由发表评论，教师引入生物入侵)
二、自主阅读、整体感知
1、在文章中找一句话，说明什么是生物入侵者(用波浪线划出)
第1小节
2、学生用△符号标出文章中所提到的生物入侵者，并且说说它们有什么共同点(蒲公英，鱼虾是不是?)
入侵者有斑贝，天牛，红蚂蚁，棕树蛇等。
入侵者是指原本生活在异国他乡、通过非自然途径迁移到新的生态环境中的“移民”。并且造成当地一定的损失。
3、文章8个小节，学生用——符号划出中心句，或者在旁边总结，要求每小节大意都要与“生物入侵”有直接关系。(考虑各小节之间的关系)
第一段，生物入侵者破坏生态系统，造成经济损失。
第二段，人类文明早期，没有人为干预，生态系统不失衡。
第三段，物种在新环境可能无节制繁衍，例。。。
第四段，生物入侵者威胁物种多样性。例。。。
第五段，生物入侵者增多的原因(途径)
第六段，生物入侵者很难控制。
第七段，物竞天择VS物种多样性将受到严重破坏、经济损失惊人。(不同的观点)
第八段，采取的措施。
教师对比点拔，明确说明顺序(教师简要叙说)：
这是一篇事理说明文，是按照逻辑顺序说明事理的。文章从解释“生物入侵者”这个概念入手，接着介绍了“生物入侵者”给人类带来的危害、对生态环境的破坏作用，再探究原因，最后讨论对策。基本上是按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑思路展开的。
3、作者在说明生物入侵这个问题的过程中，用了哪些说明方法，作用是什么(每人2处)?还有哪些词语用的好，好在哪里?(每人1处)(文中各段落空白处注明)
本文运用了列数字、举例子、打比方等说明方法，请用简要的语言分析其表达效果。(提到一种说明方法，就让学生再找其他用此种方法的地方)
1、列数字：①“十一种鸟类有九种被赶尽杀绝”------数字的变化准确说明生物入侵者对自然生态系统的危害之大。②耗资数十亿美元------准确说明生物入侵者对人类造成的经济损失巨大。(补充强调：数字的运用，使语言十分准确，符合说明文的科学性特点。此外副词的恰当选用也增强了文章的准确性。如“仅”“就”等词。)
2、举例子：①举蒲公英等为例------具体说明生物在没有人为干预的条件下进行的迁徙不会对原有的生态系统造成太大破坏。②斑贝、天牛、红蚂蚁等------具体说明生物入侵者给人类带来了巨大危害。③蔬菜、水果、宠物等------具体说明生物入侵是人为原因造成的。
3、打比方：①课题“生物入侵者”就是一个比喻，生动形象说明：a生物入侵是“移民”行为;b生物入会对人类和自然造成危害。
②把斑贝比喻成“偷渡者”，生动形象说明它是在人们不知不觉中登上北美大陆，并悄悄给人类造成危害的。(强调：生物入侵对大多数人来说比较陌生。作者采用打比方的说明方法，使语言更生动形象，增强文章的趣味性，，深入浅出，达到推广科普知识的目的。此外还有词语的运用也有类似效果。如“啸聚山林”等)
词语的好处有准确性与生动性。
三、自主探究
1、其实，我们身边的生物入侵现象还是很多的，设置“你还认识我吗”环节，图文(在课件中出现)展示文章中出现的入侵生物的资料，让学生辨认，解说。
2、学生自主展示“我所知道的生物入侵者(现象)”(主要在我国出现)(主要是学生朗读课前找到的资料)，教师补充(也许，做好准备)几种现象：薇甘菊、水葫芦、飞机草等。(材料在课件中出现)
四、总结提升：
一枝黄花有可能让我们的省城“尽带黄金甲”，薇甘菊将吞掉伶仃岛，水葫芦欲死云南滇池，飞机草要霸占西双版纳，大米草在毁掉海边滩涂……据统计，我国已有外来杂草107种，外来害虫32种，病原菌23种，每年造成农林业经济损失达574亿之多。
以前提到环保，人们头脑中闪现的往往是荒漠遍野、浊水横流、乱砍滥伐等情景。通过今天的学习，我们清醒地认识到，“生物入侵”已成了摆在我们面前的又一严峻课题。保护环境的警钟再次有我们耳畔敲响。希望同学们继续对这一现象予以关注，为抵御和防治生物入侵贡献我们的一分智慧和力量!
五、作业
1、准备的反馈练习
2、拓展延伸作业，其实这篇文章只粗略谈到防的措施，而如何治呢?课后可以请同学们查阅资料，谈谈具体的防治措施。
冀教版语文七年级上册教案
篇4：冀教版七年级生物教案
1.细胞分化与植物细胞的全能性
多细胞生物体，一般是由一个受精卵通过细胞的增殖和分化发育而成的。细胞分裂只能繁殖出许多含有相同遗传物质的细胞，只有经过细胞分化才能形成不同的组织，进一步形成各种器官、系统，从而完成生物的个体发育过程。当细胞分化开始时，受遗传因素和环境因素的调节，不同细胞的不同基因会在特定的时间、空间被激活，活化一段时间后有些基因的活动停止，而有些基因还在继续活动，从而产生了特定的蛋白质(即基因有选择性的表达)，进而产生了不同的组织，也就是在个体发育中相同细胞的后代，在形态、结构和生理功能上发生了稳定性差异——细胞分化，这是发生在生物体一生中的一种持久变化，当然胚胎时期达到限度。一般来说，分化了的细胞将一直保持分化后的状态，直到死亡。
由于体细胞大多是通过有丝分裂繁殖而来的，一般已经分化的细胞仍有一套和受精卵相同的染色体，含有与本物种相同的DNA分子。因此，已分化的细胞具有发育成完整新个体的潜能，即全能性。在合适的条件下，有些分化的细胞具有恢复分裂、重新分化发育成完整新个体的能力。植物细胞的全能性比较强，动物细胞的全能性受到了限制，特别是一些高度特化的动物细胞，很难用它培养成一个新个体，但它的细胞核中仍有保持物种遗传性的全部遗传物质，保持着全能性，例如已取得成功的克隆羊——多利就是一例。
2.愈伤组织
愈伤组织是通过细胞分裂形成的，其细胞排列疏松而无规则，高度液泡化呈无定形状态的薄壁细胞。它容易与根尖、茎尖的分生组织发生混淆。可以通过下表比较根尖分生组织和愈伤组织的异同。
组织类型 细胞来源 细胞形态 细胞结构 细胞排列 细胞去向
根尖
分生组织 受精卵 正方形 无液泡 紧密 分化成多种细胞组织
愈伤组织 高度分化细胞 无定形 高度液泡化 疏松 再分化成
新个体
相同点 都通过有丝分裂进行细胞增殖
3.污染的预防
污染就是指在组织培养过程中，培养容器内滋生菌斑，使培养材料不能正常生长发育，从而导致培养失败的现象。植物组织培养不同于扦插、分根、叶插等常规无性繁殖。由于植物组织培养所利用的植物材料体积小、抗性差，所以对培养条件的要求较高，对无菌操作的要求非常严格。
污染有两种类型，一种是细菌污染一般是由接种人员造成的，如未戴口罩，接种时说话，或手及器械消毒不严等。另一种是真菌污染可能是由植物材料灭菌不当造成的。
可以通过以下措施做好预防。
(1)防止外植体带菌。①选择好外植体采集时期和采集部位。外植体采集以春秋为宜，优先选择地上部分作为外植体，阴雨天勿采，晴天下午采，采前喷杀虫剂、杀菌剂或套塑料袋。②在室内或无菌条件下进行预培养。③外植体严格消毒。做消毒效果试验，多次消毒和交替消毒。
(2)保证培养基及接种器具彻底灭菌。①分装时，注射器勿与瓶接触，培养基勿粘瓶口。②检查封口膜是否有破损。③扎瓶口要位置适当、松紧适宜。④保证灭菌时间和高压锅内温度。⑤接种工具使用前彻底灭菌。⑥工作服、口罩、帽子等布质品定期进行湿热灭菌。
(3)操作人员严格遵守无菌操作规程。如一定要规范着装，操作过程中不说话等。
(4)保证接种与培养环境清洁。①污染瓶经高压灭菌后再清洁。②接种环境定期熏蒸消毒、紫外灯照射或用臭氧灭菌和消毒。③定期对培养室消毒、防止高温。
对外植体进行表面消毒时，既要考虑到药剂的消毒效果，又要考虑到植物的耐受力。不同药剂、不同植物材料，甚至不同器官要区别对待。消毒用过的有毒药品应收集后统一交给有关专业部门处理，以免引起环境污染。
一旦发现培养材料被污染，特别是真菌性污染，一定不要打开培养瓶。应先将所有被污染的培养瓶统一放在高压蒸汽灭菌锅中灭菌后，再打开培养瓶进行清洗。
题型一 细胞的全能性
【例题1】 下列实例中能体现细胞全能性的是( )。
①用培养基培养的胡萝卜单个细胞培养成了可育的植株 ②植物用种子进行繁殖 ③用单个烟草组织培育出了可育的完整植株
A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.①②③
解析：①和③都属于已分化的细胞经过培养形成可育的植株，体现了细胞的全能性。植物用种子繁殖后代，实际上是由一个受精卵，通过细胞的增殖和分化发育成新个体，是由未经分化的细胞(受精卵)发育成新个体的过程，因此不能体现细胞全能性。
答案：B
题型二 植物细胞表达全能性的条件
【例题2】 植物细胞表现出全能性的必要条件是( )。
A.给予适宜的营养和外界条件
B.导入其他植物细胞的基因
C.脱离母体后的具有完整细胞核的细胞或组织，给予适宜的营养和外界条件
D.将成熟筛管细胞的细胞核移植到去核卵细胞中
解析：在生物体内，细胞没有表现出全能性， 而是分化成为不同的组织、器官，这是基因在特定的时间和空间条件下选择性表达的结果。当植物细胞脱离母体后，在一定的营养物质、激素和其他适宜的外界条件的作用下，植物细胞就可以表现出全能性。
答案：C
反思领悟：植物细胞表达全能性的条件：一是离体的组织或细胞;二是需要一定的激素、营养及其他适宜条件;三是具有完整细胞核的细胞。
题型三 植物组织培养的过程及影响因素
【例题3】 (?安徽理综)草莓生产上传统的繁殖方式易将所感染的病毒传播给后代，导致产量降低、品质变差。运用微型繁殖技术可以培育出无病毒幼苗。草莓微型繁殖的基本过程如下：
外植体――→①愈伤组织――→②芽根―→植株
请回答下列问题。
(1)微型繁殖培育无病毒草莓时，一般选取____________作为外植体，其依据是________________。
(2)在过程①中，常用的MS培养基主要成分包括大量元素、微量元素和____________，在配制好的培养基中，常常需要添加____________，有利于外植体启动细胞分裂形成愈伤组织。接种后2～5 d，若发现外植体边缘局部污染，原因可能是____________。
(3)在过程②中，愈伤组织在诱导生根的培养基中未形成根，但分化出了芽，其原因可能是____________________________________________。
解析：(1)植物组织培养时常采用根尖或茎尖部位，原因是该部位含病毒极少，甚至无病毒。
(2)MS培养基的成分包括大量元素、微量元素和有机物，在配制好的培养基中，常需要添加生长素和细胞分裂素等植物激素。植物组织培养也应注意无菌操作。
(3)生长素用量比细胞分裂素用量的比值低时，有利于芽的分化，比值高时，有利于根的分化。
答案：(1)茎尖(或根尖) 茎尖(或根尖)病毒极少，甚至无病毒 (2)有机物 植物激素 外植体消毒不彻底 (3)培养基中生长素类物质用量与细胞分裂素类物质用量的比值偏低
1.下列关于细胞分化的叙述，错误的是( )。
A.细胞分化是一种持久性的变化，它发生在生物体的整个生命过程中
B.细胞分化在胚胎时期达到限度
C.随着细胞分化的进行，细胞中的遗传物质种类会发生变化
D.高度分化的动物细胞的细胞核保持着全能性
2.下列有关植物组织培养的叙述，错误的是( )。
A.植物组织培养的原理是细胞的全能性 B.主要包括脱分化和再分化两个阶段
C.外植体形成愈伤组织的过程需要阳光 D.植物组织培养的过程中要求无菌操作
3.下列关于愈伤组织形成过程的正确叙述是( )。
A.愈伤组织的形成是离体的植物细胞分化的结果
B.愈伤组织的形成是离体的植物细胞分裂的结果
C.愈伤组织的形成是离体的动物细胞分化的结果
D.愈伤组织的形成是离体的动物细胞分裂的结果
4.下列关于接种时应注意的事项，全部正确的是( )。
①接种室要消毒 ②无菌操作 ③接种时可以谈话 ④外植体如茎段、茎尖可随机放入培养基 ⑤接种时要防止交叉污染 ⑥接种完立刻盖好瓶口
A.①②③④ B.①②③④⑤⑥ C.③④⑤⑥ D.①②⑤⑥
5.在离体的植物组织、器官或细胞脱分化形成愈伤组织的过程中，需要下列哪些条件?( )
①消毒灭菌 ②一定浓度的植物激素 ③适宜的温度 ④充足的光照 ⑤充足的养料
A.①③④⑤ B.②③⑤ C.①②③ D.①②③⑤
答案：1.C 细胞分化不会使遗传物质种类发生变化，它的实质是遗传物质在时间和空间上有选择性地表达。
2.C 植物组织培养是指离体的植物细胞、组织或器官在无菌操作下经脱分化和再分化形成完整植物体的过程，其原理是植物细胞的全能性。在脱分化形成愈伤组织的过程中，恒温箱的门应该关闭，不必见光，因为在无光条件下愈伤组织长得更快。
3.B 愈伤组织只存在于植物细胞;离体的植物组织细胞，在培养了一段时间以后，会通过细胞分裂形成愈伤组织。
4.D 整个接种过程必须在无菌条件下进行，不能谈话，防止呼吸产生污染，因此操作过程应禁止谈话，并戴口罩;接种的外植体放入培养基时注意将形态学下端插入，而且分布均匀，不能随机放入，以保证必要的营养和光照条件。
5.D 离体的植物相关结构在形成愈伤组织的过程中不需要光照，因为该过程无法进行光合作用，其营养物质来自培养基。
篇5：冀教版七年级生物教案
课题2 月季的花药培养
1.说出被子植物花粉发育的过程及花药培养产生花粉植株的两种途径。
2.说出影响花药培养的因素。
3.学习花药培养的基本技术。
4.尝试用月季或其他植物的花药进行培养。
一、被子植物的花粉发育
1.被子植物的花粉是在______中由____________经过______分裂而形成的，花粉是单倍体的生殖细胞。
2.被子植物花粉的发育要经历______________时期、______期和______期等阶段。
二、产生花粉植株的两种途径
1.花药中的花粉 ――→脱分化 ――→分化丛芽2.花药中的花粉 ――→脱分化 ――→再分化丛芽――→诱导生根 ―→移栽
两种途径之间没有绝对的界限，主要取决于培养基中______的种类及其__________。
三、影响花药培养的因素
1.诱导花粉植株成功率高低的主要影响因素是____________与______________。
2.材料的选择与不同植物、同种植物亲本的生理状况，以及花粉发育时期有关。从花药来看，应当选择花期早期的花药;从花粉来看，应当选择______期的花粉;从花蕾来看，应当选择____________的花蕾。此时期的营养状态及生理状态比较好，对离体刺激敏感。
思考：为什么花瓣松动会给材料的消毒带来困难?
3.亲本植株的生长条件、材料的____________以及__________等对诱导成功率都有一定影响。
四、实验操作
1.材料的选取
选择花药时，一般要通过______来确定花粉是否处于适宜的发育时期，此时需要对花粉________进行染色，最常用的方法有__________法和焙花青—铬矾法，它们分别可以将细胞核染成红色和蓝黑色。
2.材料的消毒
通常先将花蕾用体积分数为____________浸泡大约30 s，立即取出，在无菌水中清洗。取出后用无菌吸水纸吸干花蕾表面的水分，再用质量分数为______________溶液消毒，最后用无菌水冲洗3～5次。
3.接种和培养
(1)剥离花药：灭菌后的花蕾，要在______条件下除去萼片和花瓣。剥离花药时，一是要注意尽量____________(否则接种后容易从受伤部位产生__________);二是要彻底去除______，否则不利于__________或________的形成。
(2)接种花药：剥离的花药要立刻接种到培养基上。通常每瓶接种________个花药。
(3)培养：利用的培养基是______培养基，pH为5.8，温度为____ ℃左右，幼小植株形成后才需要光照。培养20～30 d后，花药开裂，长出__________或释放出________。前者还要转移到____________上，以便进一步分化出再生植株;后者要尽快______并转移到新的培养基上。
(4)通过愈伤组织形成的花粉植株，__________的数目常常会发生变化，因而需要作进一步的鉴定和筛选。
答案：一、1.花药 花粉母细胞 减数
2.小孢子四分体 单核 双核 1 4 小孢子四分体 居中 靠边 2 1 生殖 营养
二、1.胚状体
2.愈伤组织 激素 浓度配比
三、1.材料的选择 培养基的组成
2.单核 完全未开放
思考：花瓣松动后，微生物就可能侵入花药。
3.低温预处理 接种密度
四、1.镜检 细胞核 醋酸洋红
2.70%的酒精 0.1%的氯化汞
3.(1)无菌 不损伤花药 愈伤组织 花丝 愈伤组织 胚状体 (2)7～10 (3)MS 25 愈伤组织 胚状体 分化培养基 分开 (4)染色体组
菊花茎的组织培养与月季花药培养技术的异同
二者都是快速、大量繁殖花卉的技术手段。
菊花茎的组织培养 月季花药培养
不
同
点 外植体细胞类型 体细胞 生殖细胞
培养结果 正常植株 单倍体植株
光的要求 每日照射12 h 幼小植株形成后
才需要光照
相同点 理论依据、培养基的配制方法、无菌技术及接种操作等基本相同
另外，花药培养的选材非常重要，需事先摸索适宜时期的花蕾;花药裂开后，长出的愈伤组织或释放出的胚状体也要及时更换培养基;花药培养对培养基配方的要求更为严格。这些都使花药的培养难度加大。
花药的全能性高于植物组织。另外，花粉植株属单倍体植株，高度不育。如果需要育种，需对花粉植株幼苗进行秋水仙素处理，才能获得正常可育的个体。
题型一 花粉的发育
【例题1】 关于被子植物花粉的形成，说法正确的是( )。
A.花粉是花粉母细胞经有丝分裂形成的
B.花粉的发育要经历小孢子四分体时期、单核期和双核期
C.花粉发育经历双核期时，两个细胞核中的遗传物质并不完全相同
D.花粉母细胞形成花粉粒中精子的过程是一系列减数分裂的过程
解析：花粉是由花粉母细胞经减数分裂形成的;其发育经历了小孢子四分体时期、单核期和双核期等阶段。双核期两个细胞核是由一个细胞核经有丝分裂产生的，它们具有完全相同的遗传物质。花粉粒内的生殖细胞再经有丝分裂得到2个精子。
答案：B
题型二 花药培养过程
【例题2】 下列有关花药离体培养的说法中，错误的是( )。
A.对材料的选择最常用的方法是焙花青—铬矾法，这种方法能将花粉细胞核染成蓝黑色
B.材料消毒时需先用酒精浸泡，然后用氯化汞溶液或次氯酸钙溶液浸泡，最后用无菌水冲洗
C.接种花药后一段时间内不需要光照，但幼小植株形成后需要光照
D.接种的花药长出愈伤组织或胚状体后，要适时转换培养基，以便进一步分化成再生植株
解析：对材料的选择最常用的方法是醋酸洋红法。
答案：A
题型三 花药离体培养的应用
【例题3】 下图表示应用植物组织培养技术培育优质玉米的过程。对此过程的相关描述错误的是( )。
A.B→E过程中细胞全能性的高低发生了改变
B.C试管中形成的是高度液泡化的薄壁细胞
C.A植株和F植株体细胞中的染色体组数相同
D.培养出的F植株一般不能直接应用于扩大种植
解析：分化程度越低的细胞，其全能性越高，因此经脱分化获得的细胞全能性高于经再分化获得的细胞的全能性;A是正常植株，而F是经过花粉离体培养获得的单倍体植株，染色体组数减少一半;培养出的F植株是单倍体植株，具有植株弱小、高度不育等特点，因而一般不能直接应用于扩大种植。
答案：C
1.某名贵花卉用种子繁殖会发生性状分离，为了防止性状分离并快速繁殖，可以利用该植物的一部分器官或组织进行培育，发育成完整植株。进行离体培养时不应采用该植物的( )。
A.茎尖 B.子房壁 C.叶片 D.花粉粒
2.选择花药时，确定花药发育时期最常用的方法是( )。
A.碘液染色法 B.焙花青—铬矾法 C.醋酸洋红法 D.直接镜检法
3.下列说法错误的是( )。
A.镜检选择花药时需用醋酸洋红法将花粉细胞核染成红色或用焙花青—铬矾法染成蓝黑色
B.初花期的花蕾营养状态及生理状态较好，可提高花粉诱导的成功率
C.用于花蕾消毒的药品有体积分数为90%的酒精、无菌水及质量分数为0.1%的氯化汞溶液等
D.灭菌后的花药从除去萼片和花瓣、剥离花药到将花药接种到培养基上，整个过程都需要在无菌条件下进行
4.下列不是影响花药培养因素的是( )。
A.材料的选择和培养基的组成 B.亲本植株的生长条件
C.材料的低温预处理以及接种密度 D.做实验的时间
5.花粉母细胞经________分裂形成四个单倍体细胞，连在一起，叫________时期。四个单倍体细胞分开，进入________期。然后每个单倍体细胞进行一次________分裂，形成2个细胞，一个是________细胞，另一个是________细胞。生殖细胞再进行一次________分裂，形成2个精子。从理论上讲，这三个细胞遗传物质________，都是体细胞的________，所含基因________。
答案：1.D 花粉粒是由花粉母细胞经减数分裂形成的，细胞内的遗传物质与亲本相比发生了很大变化，所以繁殖名贵花卉，为了防止性状分离，既不能用种子繁殖，也不能用花粉粒进行组织培养。
2.C 在花药离体培养中，确定花粉发育时期最常用的方法是醋酸洋红法。花粉细胞核内有染色体，染色体易被碱性染料染成深色，而醋酸洋红为碱性染料。通过染色，可以确定花粉发育时期。
3.C 对花蕾消毒的药品中酒精的体积分数应为70%。
4.D 花药离体培养是在实验室条件下进行的，不受时间的限制。
5.解析：花粉粒是由花粉母细胞经过减数分裂而形成的。被子植物花粉的发育要经历小孢子四分体时期、单核期和双核期等阶段。在小孢子四分体时期，4个单倍体细胞连在一起，进入单核期时，四分体的4个单倍体细胞彼此分离，形成4个具有单细胞核的花粉粒。这时的细胞含浓厚的原生质，核位于细胞的中央(单核居中期)。随着细胞不断长大，细胞核由中央移向细胞一侧(单核靠边期)，并分裂成1个生殖细胞核和1个花粉管细胞核，进而形成两个细胞，一个是生殖细胞，一个是营养细胞。生殖细胞将再分裂一次，形成两个精子。这两个精子的基因型与营养细胞的基因型相同。
答案：减数 小孢子四分体 单核 有丝 营养 生殖 有丝 相同 一半 相同
篇6：冀教版七年级生物教案
课题1 果胶酶在果汁生产中的作用
1.简述果胶酶的作用。
2.检测果胶酶的活性。
3.探究温度和pH对果胶酶活性的影响以及果胶酶的最适用量。
4.搜集有关果胶酶应用的资料。
一、果胶酶的作用
1.果胶是植物________以及________的主要组成成分之一，它是由____________聚合而成的一种高分子化合物，不溶于水。在果汁加工中，果胶不仅会影响________，还会使果汁______。
2.果胶酶能够分解______，瓦解植物的________及________，使榨取果汁更容易，而果胶分解成可溶性的____________，也使得浑浊的果汁变得澄清。
3.果胶酶并不特指某一种酶，而是分解果胶的一类酶的总称，包括________________酶、__________酶和________酶等。
思考：利用果胶酶进行果泥处理时，可不可以再加入蛋白酶促进细胞壁分解?
二、酶的活性与影响酶活性的因素
1.酶的活性：酶催化______________的能力。
2.酶活性的高低可用在一定条件下，酶所催化的某一化学反应的__________来表示，即单位时间内、单位体积中反应物的________或产物的________来表示。
3.影响酶活性的因素有：__________、pH和________________等。
4.实验设计
(1)探究温度对果胶酶活性的影响
①实验原理：果胶酶活性受温度影响，处于最适温度时，活性。果肉的出汁率、果汁的澄清度与果胶酶活性大小成______。
②实验的变量：自变量是温度，因变量是果汁的澄清度和出汁率。
(2)探究pH对酶活性的影响
①实验原理：果胶酶活性受pH影响，处于最适pH时，活性，高于或低于最适pH时酶活性降低。
②实验变量：自变量是______，因变量是果汁的________和出汁率。
三、果胶酶的用量
1.果胶生产时，为了使果胶酶得到充分利用，应控制好酶的用量，用量多少常通过测量____________来探究。
2.实验设计：自变量是________的用量，因变量是果汁的______。
答案：一、1.细胞壁 胞间层 半乳糖醛酸 出汁率 浑浊
2.果胶 细胞壁 胞间层 半乳糖醛酸
3.多聚半乳糖醛酸 果胶分解 果胶酯
思考：不可以。因为果胶酶是蛋白质，加入蛋白酶后会使果胶酶被分解。
二、1.一定化学反应
2.反应速度 减少量 增加量
3.温度 酶的抑制剂
4.(1)正比 (2)pH 澄清度
三、1.果汁的体积
2.果胶酶 体积
1.果胶酶的组成及特点
果胶酶不是特指某一种酶，而是分解果胶的一类酶的总称;果胶酶的化学本质是蛋白质，能被蛋白质酶水解掉;果胶酶具有酶的通性：只改变反应速度，不改变反应的平衡点。
能够产生果胶酶的生物包括植物、霉菌、酵母菌和细菌等，食品工业生产中需要的果胶酶主要来自霉菌发酵生产。可生成果胶酶的霉菌有黑曲霉、米曲霉和文氏曲霉等。培养曲霉可用液体培养法，需添加果胶作为诱导物。
2.探究温度和pH对酶活性的影响及探究果胶酶用量的两个实验的注意事项
(1)在探究温度或pH的影响时，需要设置对照实验，不同的温度梯度之间或不同的pH梯度之间就可以作为对照，这种对照称为相互对照。如果将温度或pH作为变量，控制不变的量应有苹果泥的用量、果胶酶的用量、反应的时间和过滤的时间等。只有在实验中保证一个自变量，实验结果才能说明问题。
(2)在混合苹果泥和果胶酶之前，要将苹果泥和果胶酶分装在不同的试管中恒温处理。这样可以保证底物和酶在混合时的温度是相同的，避免了苹果泥和果胶酶混合时影响混合物的温度，从而影响果胶酶活性的问题。
(3)在用果胶酶处理苹果泥时，为了使果胶酶能充分地催化反应，应用玻璃棒不时搅拌。
题型一 果胶酶的作用及影响因素
【例题1】 果胶是植物细胞壁以及胞间层的主要成分之一。果胶酶能够分解果胶，瓦解植物的细胞壁及胞间层。请你完成以下有关果胶酶和果汁生产的问题。
(1)在果汁生产中应用果胶酶可以提高________和________。
(2)某实验小组进行了“探索果胶酶催化果胶水解最适宜的pH”的课题研究。本课题的实验步骤中，在完成“烧杯中分别加入苹果泥、试管中分别注入果胶酶溶液、编号、编组”之后，有下面两种操作：
方法一：将试管中果胶酶溶液和烧杯中的苹果泥相混合，再把混合液的pH分别调至4、5、6……10。
方法二：将试管中果胶酶溶液和烧杯中苹果泥pH分别调至4、5、6……10，再把pH相等的果胶酶溶液和苹果泥相混合。
①请问哪一种方法更为科学?__________，并说明理由：______________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________。
②实验操作中要用玻璃棒不时搅拌，其目的是________，以减少实验误差。
③如果用曲线图的方式记录实验结果，在现有的条件下，当横坐标表示pH，纵坐标表示________时，实验的操作和记录是比较切实可行的。根据你对酶特性的了解，在下图中选择一个最可能是实验结果的曲线图：________。若实验所获得的最适pH=m，请你在所选的曲线图中标出“m”点的位置。
解析：果胶酶可以提高果汁的出汁率和澄清度。方法二是将试管中的果胶酶溶液和烧杯中苹果泥的pH分别调至4、5、6……10，再把pH相等的两溶液相混合，这样操作能够确保酶的反应环境从一开始便达到实验预设的pH环境。否则，由于酶在pH升高或降低时把果胶分解了，造成误差。实验操作中要用玻璃棒不时搅拌的目的是使酶和反应物(果胶)充分地接触，以减少实验误差。实验中的坐标图，横坐标表示pH，纵坐标表示果汁体积最合适。在一定范围内，随pH增大，酶的活性增强，生产的果汁多，体积增大;超过最适pH，随pH增大，酶的活性减弱，生产的果汁少，体积减小。
答案：(1)出汁率 澄清度
(2)①方法二 方法二的操作能够确保酶的反应环境从一开始便达到实验预设的pH环境(或“方法一的操作会在达到预定pH之前就发生了酶的催化反应”)
②使酶和反应物(果胶)充分地接触
③果汁体积 甲 如下图所示
甲
题型二 实验变量
【例题2】 探究温度、pH对果胶酶活性的影响和探究果胶酶用量的三个实验中，实验变量依次为( )。
A.温度、酶活性、酶用量 B.苹果泥用量、pH、果汁量
C.反应时间、酶活性、酶用量 D.温度、pH、果胶酶用量
解析：首先要明确实验变量、反应变量等基本概念，在此基础上，针对三个探究实验进行分析。实验一为探究果胶酶的最适温度，实验二为探究果胶酶的最适pH，实验三为探究果胶酶的最适用量，从而选出正确答案。
答案：D
反思领悟：设计实验时应该遵循单一变量原则、对照原则和等量原则进行实验设计，才能得出正确的结论。
1.下列关于酶的叙述不正确的是( )。
A.绝大多数酶是活细胞产生的具有催化能力的一类特殊的蛋白质
B.参加反应的前后，酶的化学性质不变
C.酶的活性受环境的pH和温度的影响
D.酶在细胞内才能发挥作用，离开细胞即失效
2.以下关于果胶酶的叙述正确的是( )。
A.果胶酶包括多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶分解酶、果胶酯酶等
B.果胶酶的化学成分为固醇
C.果胶酶的催化作用不受温度影响
D.果胶酶可以催化多种化学反应
3.下列哪一项说法是错误的?( )
A.酶是细胞合成的生物催化剂
B.温度、pH和酶的抑制剂等条件会影响果胶酶的活性
C.果胶酶能催化果胶分解，但不能提高水果的出汁率，只能使果汁变得澄清
D.生产果汁时，为了使果胶酶得到充分的利用，节约成本，需要控制好酶的用量
4.在用果胶酶处理果泥时，为了使果胶酶能够充分地催化反应，应采取的措施是( )。
A.加大果泥用量 B.加大果胶酶用量
C.进一步提高温度 D.用玻璃棒不时地搅拌反应混合物
答案：1.D 酶是活细胞产生的，但酶发挥作用并不一定都在细胞内。如各类消化酶是消化腺细胞产生并分泌的，在消化道内消化有机物。
2.A 果胶酶同其他大多数酶一样，其主要成分是蛋白质，其催化作用受温度和pH等因素的影响，果胶酶只能催化果胶的分解。
3.C 果胶酶能使果汁变得澄清，并能提高水果的出汁率。
4.D 用玻璃棒不断搅拌反应混合物，可使果胶酶和果泥充分接触，更好地催化反应
冀教版七年级生物教案
篇7：冀教版七年级英语下册教案
难点讲评
1.What time do you get up?
What time +助动词do/does +主语+动词原形，询问某人做某事的具体时间。
what time do you begin class in the morning?
注：What’s the time=What time is it?也是用来询问时间，意为“几点了”。用it作答。
What’s the time? It’s 7:30.
2.I usually get up at five o’clock.
1)句中usually与often 一样都是频度副词，常用于动词be 之后，行为动词之前。always 意思是“总是”、“永远”，表示动作重复，状态继续，中间没有间断。
We always get up before six o'clock.
He is always thinking of others.
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never
2)介词 at 常用于具体时刻之前，意义为 在…… ，如：at 5：00 在5：00钟。
介词at 除了指时间以外，还可指
(1)人物的所在之处，如：at my uncle’s home 在我姑姑家, at the station 在火车站.
(2)朝向，如：look at me!看我!
(3)指速度或价格.如：she buys the book at a good price 她以优惠的价格买了这本书。
on，at，in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点，但具体用法不同.
①on用在日期、星期几、节日前，也表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。
on November 1st on Monday on Children’s Day on Tuesday evening
②in用于月份、季节、年份前，当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in 。
Early in the morning of National Day，I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo.
③将来时态表“过一段时间后” 及“在...期间” 和“在某个季节，某年、某月” 都用in。
Xiao Ming was born in December of .
3. What a funny time to eat breakfast!
(1)What a/an +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!
what a good girl she is!
(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What good girls they are!
(3)What +形容词+不可为名词+主语+谓语!
What terrible weather it is!
4、He works at a radio station.
work:人们日常工作和生活中从事的体力和脑力劳动，各类工作。不可数名词
job:指具体的职业或工作。可数名词
5、take a walk
take a walk=have a work=go for a walk 散步
6、either...or...
“要么、、、要么、、、”，连接句子中两个并列的成分，表示两者之一。
当连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即就近原则。
7.People love to listen to him.
love to do sth.=like to do sth.very much.喜欢做某事，强调具体活动。
而love doing sth.=like doing sth. very much则强调习惯。
Do you come out to play with me?你喜欢出来和我玩吗?
I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。
8.hear与listen to
hear 意为“听见”，表示听的结果，而listen to则表示“听”，强调的是“听”的动作。
Let’s listen to the music.
We listen but don’t hear.
9. He gets home at 7：00，and he watches morning news on TV.
1)句中get 意为 “到达 ”，后接地点名词时，要加介词to，后接副词时，不能加to.
She gets to school at six o’clock.
注： home 是一个副词，所以其前不能加介词to，但home也可作名词，这时其前有物主代词时，可以加to，
She gets to her home at eight o’clock .
a piece of news 一条新闻 ，two pieces of news 两条新闻 。
Watch……On TV 表示 通过电视看……节目
We often watch football game on TV.
10、lots of=a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词复数形式，也可以修饰不可数名词。
11.What time is it?-几点了?-It’s eight thirty. 八点三十分。
本句是就具体时刻进行提问的，what time 意为“几点”，这是特殊问句，它的同义句为：
What’s the time? /What time is it by your watch? 在回答这个句子时,要用It’s +钟点。
注：英语时刻的表达法：顺读法和逆读法。
顺读法：钟点数+分钟数。
4：25→four twenty-five，6：58→six fifty-eight，7：→seven o clock
说明：这种表达不论分钟数是多少，均可使用。
逆读法：分钟为+介词to/past+钟点数，可分两种情况：
1)分钟为不超过半小时，用分钟数+past(/pa：st/过)+钟点数。
4：23→twenty-three past four，5：19→nineteen past five.
2)分钟数超过了半小时，用(所差的)分钟的+to+(下一个)钟点为。
7：31→twenty-nine to eight，10：58→two to eleven
在逆读法中分钟数逢 “五”逢 “十”可省略minute(s)。否则应加上。当然，英语习惯上把十五分钟(fifteen)称作一刻a quarter，三十分钟(thirty)称为half/half，因此10：30，可以用两种表达方式，half past ten，ten thirty。
12.Thanks for your letter.
Thanks for your help.
Thanks for telling me the good news.
13. Do you want to know about my morning?
1)该句中 want to do…句型。表示“想要做某事”，该短语中want为及物动词，后面的to do
是不定式
I want to play the drum.
I want to see my old teacher next week.
3)know about 知道有关…，了解有关…，句中about 意为“关于，有关”的意思。
17.Please write and tell me about your morning.请写信告诉我你的早晨。
释：1)tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关某事的情况。
My father often tells me about China.
2)write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.给某人写信。
She often writes me a letter=She often writes a letter to me.
三.重点短语
1.what time 几点
2.go to school 去上学
3.get up 起床
4.take a shower 洗淋浴
5.brush tooth 刷牙
6.get to 到达
7.do homework 做家庭作业
8.go to work 去上班
9.go home 回家
10.eat breakfast 吃早餐
11.get dressed 穿上衣服
12.get home 到家
13.either...or... 要么、、、要么
14.go to bed 上床睡觉
15.in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16.take a walk 散步
17.lots of 许多
18.radio station 广播电视
19.at night 在晚上
20.be late for 迟到
四.语法知识点
1. what time与when
what time翻译为“几点”问的是具体的时间，一般回答要具体到小时。
What time do you go to school?
I go to school at half past seven o’clock.
回答具体到点钟，且注意在几点前边的介词用at。
when也是对时间的提问，但与what time的区别是：用when提问，回答既可以是具体的时间，也可以是不具体的时间，如：in the morning，last year，in 等范围大的时间。www.Xkb1.coM
向对方询问具体时间时，即几点几分，只能用what time，不能用when。
询问年份、月份、日期时，只能用when，不能用what time。
2. 英语时间的表达
(1)整点时间可表示为“钟点数+o’clock”或直接读钟点数，省去o’clock。如：
It’s ten o’clock a. m. 现在是上午十点整。
(2)非整点时间可直接采取读数法。如：
It’s eight-thirty. 是八点三十分。
注意时间的表达方式：用数词。点与分钟之间用连字如：
eleven-thirty 十一点三十分
nine-twenty-five 九点二十五分
6:10 →six-ten 8:50→eight-fifty
9:30→nine-thirty 10:15→ten-fifteen
7:45→seven forty-five 11:05→eleven-five
(3)非整点时间的分钟数不超过30分钟，也可用介词“past”。如：
6:10→ten past six
11:05→five past eleven
10:15→ a quarter past ten或fifteen past ten
8:15→a quarter past eight或fifteen past eight
9:30→half past nine或thirty past nine
(4)非整点时间的分钟数超过30分钟，用介词to。如：
11:50→ten to twelve
7:31→twenty-nine to eight
9:45→a quarter to ten或fifteen to ten
12:59→one to thirteen
此句话还有几种表达方式。如：
What is the time? 几点了?
What time is it by your watch? 你的手表几点了?
( )1.--What's the time? --______one-thirty.
A. Its B.It's C.This is D.They're
( )2.I usually _______ at nine-thirty at night.
A. get to school B.get up C.go to bedD.go home
( )3.He likes ______ the radio. wwW.x kB 1.c Om
A.listens B.to listen to C. listens to D.to listen
( )4.I _______ at seven.
A. go to the school B.go to a school C.go to school D.go school
( )5.We only have _______ shower.
A. some B.an C.the D.one
( )6.My sister _______ home at 5:00 every day.
A. gets B.gets toC.get D.get to
( )7.We can watch Beijing Opera _____ TV.
A. in B.at C.on D.from
( )8.Let's ________.
A. take a shower B.have a shower C.take the shower D.A and B
( )9.My brother ____ the morning TV every day.
A. watches B.watch C.watches D.see
( )10.--______ do you usually go to bed?
--At six.
A. What time B.How time C.When D.A and C
( )11. Zhang Min usually gets up _______.
A. at six thirty B.at thirty six C.on six thirty D.on thirty six
( )12.Rick often does ______ homework at 6:00.
A.her B.his C.my D.your
( )13.--______ do people have dinner?
--At home. A.What B.When C.WhereD.B and C
( )14.In our school, school _____ at 7:30.
A.is B.start C.starts D.does
One day , an old man was selling a big elephant . A young man came up to the elephant and began to look at it slowly . The old man went up to him and said in his ear . “Don’t say anything about the elephant before I sell it . Then I will give you some meat .” “All right .”said the young man . After the old man sold the elephant , he gave the young man some met and said : “Now, can you tell me how you see the bad ears of the elephant ?” “I didn’t find the bad ears .”said the young man . “Then why do you look at it slowly ?”asked the old man . The young man said : “I never see an elephant before, and I want to know what it looks like.”
( )1________ the elephant.
A. The young man bought B. The old man sold
C. The two men sold D. The young man sold
( )2. The young man looked at the elephant . He wanted to find _____.
A. its bad ears B. some meat C. a good elephant D. what it looks like
( )3. The young man ________.
A.knew the elephant wasn’t good B. found the bad ears but didn’t tell it .
C. looked after the elephant D. got some meat
( )4.We know that ________.
A. the two men were not honest B. the young man wasn't a bad man
C. the old man was a good man D. the elephant was a very good one
( )5. The young man looked at the elephant slowly because he _______.
A. liked elephant B. wanted to buy it
C. didn’t see any elephant before D. wanted to help the old man
篇8：冀教版七年级英语下册教案
一、重点词汇
1. one hundred and five
表示具体的“几百”时，用“基数词+hundred”表示，注意此时hundred不能加s.
hundreds of表示“数百;成百上千的”，这是hundred后面有s,而且hundreds后面要有介词of,并且不能与数词连用。
与hundred 用法类似的还有单词：thousand，million，billion.
Our school is so famous that_____ people come and visit it every term.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
2. I ride it to school every day.
ride “骑”，后可接bike, horse, motorbike等。
还可以用做可数名词，“旅程”。 an hour’s ride 乘车一个小时的路程
every “每个;每一”，其后接单数可数名词。every day “每天”
every day 表示某事发生的频率，“每天，天天”。
I go to school every day.
everyday 形容词，“日常的，普通的”。
I study everyday English every day.
3. live
live 不及物动词，“居住，生活”，其后若跟名词则必须在名词前加上适当的介词。
I like to live in the country.
live on sth. “以某物为食”
Sheep live on grass.
live a ...life “过、、、生活”
The old man lives a happy life.
4. bus stop
bus stop与bus station 都是指“公共汽车站”。
bus stop 指城镇内外的停车点，bus station指能停、转车辆的汽车站点。
stop 做动词，意为“停止”，常用结构：
stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事”
stop doing sth. “停止做某事”(停止正在做的)
Let’s stop to have a rest.
Stop talking, please.
5. Crossing the River to School
cross是动词，“穿越，越过”，主要指“横穿”。
还可以作名词，意为“十字形，叉形符号”。
across既可以作介词，也可以作副词。
crossing 是名词，“渡口，交叉点”。
6. For many students,it is easy to get to school.
It is +adj.+to do sth. “做某事是.......”
7. There is a very big river between their school and the village.
between ...and... “在....和...之间”，连接两个并列的成分。
between/among
(1) between 用于两者之间。
(2) among 用于三个或三个以上的人或物的“中间”。
8. But he is not afraid.
afraid: “害怕的，畏惧的”。
(1)be afraid of sth. 害怕某事/某物
(2)be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
(3)be afraid of doing sth. 唯恐做某事，指担心或担忧做某事会引起某种后果。
(4)be afraid + that从句，恐怕....
(5)为某件已经发生或可能发生的事表示歉意或者作出否定判断，相当于sorry.
9. Many of the students and villagers never leave the village.
leave主要用法归纳如下:
1. 离开; 脱离
The train will leave at six tomorrow morning.
2. 把……留在; 留下
Leave the child at home. 把小孩留在家里。
3. 遗忘; 丢下
I left my notebook in the dormitory. 我把笔记本落在宿舍里了。
4. 使……处于(某种状态),后面常接宾语补足语
Leave the door open.
5. leave for+地点，“动身去某地”
He left for the station a few minutes ago.
10.must /have to
must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，
have to多表示客观存在的环境所限,即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。
I must clean the room because there are too dirty.
I have to do my homework now.
11. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事
Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱
Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth
Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱
二、短语归纳
1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地铁
3.take the train 坐火车 4.leave for 到……地方去，离开去某地
5.take…to…把……带到…… 6. most students 大多数学生
7. depend on 依赖，决定于 8.from…to…从……到……
9.think of 想到，想起 10.ride bikes 骑自行车
11.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方 12. how far 多远
13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学 14.in places 在一些地方
15.go to school by boat乘船去上学 1 6.on the school bus乘坐校车
17.be different from和……不同 18.worry about 担忧，焦虑，担心
三、语法专项
how 引导的特殊疑问句
1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：
a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)
take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地。
He takes the train.
b. by+交通工具(单数)
c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语作方式状语。
I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.
3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:
Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus
Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car
Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：
(1)用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.
(2)用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’ walk.
3.how long 用来提问时间，意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
4.how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用“in+时间段”来回答。
――How soon will you arrive in Beijing?
----In 3 hours.
(二)宾语从句
1.在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句的连接词：
(1)从属连词有that, if, whether。
Nobody knew whether she could pass the exam.
I know that she is from America.
(2)连接代词有who, whom, whose, what 等
Do you know whose book it is?
Could you tell me what your father looks like?
(3)连接副词有when, where, why, how等
He didn’t tell me when we could meet again.
I don’t know how I can get there. wwW.x kB 1.c Om
I’m always very busy (忙的) every day. I usually 1 up early at 6:30 in the morning. But 2 . I’m still sleepy (睡着的) . I put on my clothes, I wash my hands 3 face…Do this! Do that. 4 I have my 5 . I go go school. I usually leave home at 7:00. At school we all study 6 . We study English. Chinese, maths and so on (等等). 7 noon (中午) I get home and have lunch. At 1:30 I go to school again. Sometimes we play 8 football in the afternoon. I go home at 4:30. In the evening I do 9 homework. I go to bed at 10:00 and I go to sleep (入睡) very 10 .
( )1. A. get B. gets C. getting D. getting
( )2. A. often B. usually C. sometimes D. always
( )3. A. and B. or C. but D. so
( )4. A. Before B. After C. When D. If
( )5. A. lunch B. supper C. breakfast D. meal
( )6. A. easy B. different C. difficult D. hard
( )7. A. on B. On C. at D. At
( )8. A. the B. × C. a D. an
( )9. A. many B. a lot of C. any D. a lot
( )10. A. next B. soon C. first D. last
选词填空。请从方框内选择适当的词语完成这封信。
Writing, talking, sitting , playing, swimming , flying, sunny, studying, drawing, having
Dear Bob,
My name is Rich .I’m fourteen years old .I’m(1)__________ in a middle school .My school is nice and clean. There are 30 students in my class .It’s(2) _______ today . My classmates and I are(3) ________ a good time on the beach .It’s a nice place .The water is blue and clear . Many birds are(4) ________ over the sea .Many people are (5)_________ . Some boys are(6) _________ football . Some people are (7)________ on the beach . A girl is(8) _________ pictures on a chair .Another girl is (9)________ photos .I’m (10)_________to you ! What are you doing ? I hope you can write to me soon .
Best wishes! Rich
篇9：冀教版九年级英语上册unit4教案 (冀教版英语九年级)
Unit4 Stay Healthy
Title Lesson 25: What is wrong with Danny
Teaching Aims:
1. Mastery words and expressions.
2. Teach how to see a doctor in foreign countries.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Compound Sentences.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. Some words and expressions about the illness and seeing a doctor.
Teaching Preparation: Audiotape picture
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1. Warming up.
Talk about the question: How often are you ill? What is the last time that you are ill? What’s wrong with you?
Step2. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.
Step3.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:
1.What’s wrong with Danny?
2.Does Danny have to stay in hospital?
Step4. Read the text.
Read the text and check the answers in listening part. Encourage the students to ask more questions about this part. Such as:
When does Danny feel unwell?
What does Mr. Dinosaur think of Danny’s illness?
Does Danny have a fever?
Is the hospital always open?
Who is the doctor?
What does the doctor say to Danny?
Check the answers and give them enough hints to answer the questions.
Step5. Act out:
Act out the dialogue in front of the class. Make another dialogue to perform in the class. The roles are doctors and patients and the patients’ family members.
Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT.”
Make up a dialogue in front of the class. When they are acting, help them when it is necessary. Teach them more new words about illness and parts of the body
Step7. Homework
1. Finish off the activity book.
2.Go on the next reading in the student book. * Let the students talk about the questions in groups. Then give a report to the class. They can make up a dialogue in pairs or in three or four.
If time is not enough, you can choose several groups to perform in front of the class.
* This is a difficult task for the students. If the questions are a little difficult, they can’t answer them. But we don’t have time to let them listen again
* Divide the class into several groups and act out the role-play in front of the class. Choose the best one and give them praise.
* Teach them more new words about illness and parts of the body
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
Title Lesson 26: Where Is Danny ?
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn more expressions for describing illness and treatment.
2.Know how to see a doctor in foreign countries
Teaching Important Points:
1.Know some knowledge about the illness and the treatment.
2.Go to see a doctor.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.Know some words and expressions about the illness and the treatment
Teaching Preparation:
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1.Warming-up
Talk in groups about the showings about the cold. The teacher asks the students “When you catch a cold, how do you feel?” Let the students sum the phenomenon of the cold. Then give a report in the class. They can begin like this: when I have a fever, I…
Step2. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.
Talk about the following question: “What do your father and mother usually tell you to do when you catch a cold?”
At the same time, ask the students to talk about the question: “What do your parents do when you are ill? How do they feel when you are ill?”
Step3.Listening task
Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:
What’s wrong with Brian?
What does Jenny do to help Brian?
Finish the exercises in oral in class.
Step4. Reading task
Read the text and fill in the blanks according to the text.
1. _______ almost never gets sick.
2.Brian’s ________ and _______ hurt.
Jenny brought some _______ _______ for lunch.
Jenny says to Brain: “_______ _______.”
Finish the blanks in class in oral.
Step5.Come to “PROJECT”
Divide the class into groups in three or four. Complete the dialogues. In the group, one is a patient. Another is a doctor. The others can be the nurses or the patients’ family members.
Let the students grasp the words and expressions of illness and treatment. Encourage the students to read their student books and readers to find out facts about cases and symptoms of common illness.
Step6. Homework
Finish off the activity book.
Go on the next reading in the student book.
*S1: When I have a cold, I have a fever.
S2: When I have a cold, I often cough day and night.
S3: When I have a cold, I often have a running nose.
S4: When I have a cold, I often have a headache.
*S5: My father and mother usually tell me to drink more water and take medicine three times a day.
When I’m ill, my mother looks after me at home. She can’t go to work.
S6: My parents tell me to keep warm and drink more water. When I have to get an injection, my parents are sad.
S7: My parents often tell me to play inside and take medicine. When I am ill, my parents are worried.
*After they grasp more words and expressions about the illness, they can begin the role-play.
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
Title Lesson 27: Good Food, Good Health
Teaching Aims:
1.We must eat healthy and keep healthy.
2.Know about the balanced diet.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Know more words about the names of the grain in our daily life.
2.How to eat healthy and keep healthy.
Teaching Difficult Points:
What is a balanced diet?
Teaching Preparation:
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1.warming up:
Talk about the question: what do you eat in your daily life? Do you think what the foods you eat contain?
Step2.Read the text and answer the following questions:
1.What do bread, noodles and rice come from?
2.Is fruit different from vegetables?
Answer the questions in class in oral. If they can’t answer them correctly, let them read the text. Help them find the correct answer.
Step3. Read the text in details and finish the exercises.
Read the text and fill in the blanks:
1.Bread, noodles and rice are made from _______.
2 ______and _______are very good source of ________, _______ and _______.
3. ______ ______ are made from potatoes.
4.Salad is made of _______ ________.
5.Many people think that only meat and chicken have _______.
______ makes your bones and teeth strong.
Step4.Listen to the tape and let the students follow it for two time. Let them have the correct pronunciation and intonation.
Step5. Ask some students to read the text in the class. Don’t read the whole text, read only the important words, expressions and sentences.
Step6. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.
Fill in the chart to compare the eating habits of your classmates.
Interview four or more students to fill in the chart. They can design more questions to ask the others.
Step7.Homework
Finish off the activity book.
Go on the next reading in the student book * Some words are too difficult for them to answer, so the teacher shows some new words to them with pictures.
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
Title Lesson 29:Don’t Smoke, Please!
Teaching Aims:
1.Know more about disease.
2.Learn the harm of smoking and drinking.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Some words and expressions about the disease.
2.Know how to keep healthy.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Help people keep healthy.
Teaching Preparation:
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1.Warming up:
Divide the class into groups of three or four. Talk about the following questions: what do you think of smoking?
The teacher: Some boy students think smoking makes them look more handsome. Is it right? No, it’s very wrong. Smoking is more harmful to all the people around the world. Now let’s talk about the topic in groups. After a while, every group will give a talk in front of the class.
Step2. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.
When we are talking the two questions, we can use the Internet to help us. Search more information for the students. Search more pictures to show the students how many pains have the diseases brought us.
Ask some students to answer the questions.
S1: When I eat too cold food, my stomach always hurts..
S2: When I have a fever, I know I have a cold.
S3: I have a headache when I wear fewer clothes in winter.
Step3. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:
What’s wrong with Danny?
How is Brian today?
Step4. Read the text and Fill in the blanks:
Brian feels ______ on Monday.
Brian wants to make a poster about ________.
Smoking is also bad for your _______.
Step5. Make sentences with the following language points:
be away from
Li Ming has been away from school for ten days.
if
If the weather is fine, we will go the park tomorrow.
also
He is also a doctor.
Step6. Come to “PROJECT”.
Divide the class into groups of three or four to finish the task. Discuss the diseases causes by smoking and drinking. It can be divided into two steps. The first step, talk the harm of smoking. Drinking is more harmful than smoking. Many people died from drinking every year. They drink too much, but they still drive their cars. Now too many accidents happen on the road.
Make a poster to show the harm of smoking and drinking for people. Every group makes their posters and explains to the others what it means.
Put the posters up in the class. Every group sends a poster to the teachers in the school. Let all the teachers tell the students about the harm of smoking and drinking.
Step7. Homework:
Finish off the activity book.
Go on the next reading in the student book.
* Group1: We all think smoking is a great harmful to the bodies. Many people die of lung cancer every year. Lung diseases sometimes causes by smoking.
Group2: I also think smoking is bad for health. So give your friends or relatives advice. Let them give up smoking.
Every group gives their report. Then the teacher sums their talks in class.
.
* After playing the tape, the teacher checks the answers.
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
Title Lesson 30: Jane’s Lucky Life
Teaching Aims:
1.The spirit of the disabled.
2.Know more about the disabled people.
Teaching Important Points:
Learn the spirit of the disabled people.
Teaching Difficult Points:
Know about the difficulties that the disabled people have to face in the world.
Teaching Preparation:
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1.Warming up:
If you are a disabled person, what problems will you meet?
Divide the class into groups of three or four. The teacher can design the task for every group.
Step 2. Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.
Ask some students to talk about the questions in pairs. Then let some students demonstrate their opinions in class.
Step3. Look at the picture of Jane. Do you think what’s wrong with Jane? Do you think she is happy? Why?
Step4. Read the text and let’s learn more about Jane. Encourage the students to ask more questions about this part.
S1: How old is Jane?
S2: She is forty years old.
S3: What is she unable to do?
S4: She is unable to brush her teeth. She can’t run or jump. She can’t make breakfast.
S5: Is she married?
S6: Yes, she has a daughter and a son.
If some students can’t answer some of the students, the teacher helps them.
Step5. Demonstrate the dialogue in part 2.
Let some students act out the dialogue in front of the class.
Step6: Listen to the tape and read after it for several times. Play the tape for several times in order to let them have correct answers.
Step7. Imagine you are Jane. What difficulties will you meet in your life?
Step8. Come to “LET’S DO IT”.
Divide the class in groups and discuss the questions. Let them demonstrate their opinions freely. The teacher should help them if they are in trouble. Remember them to think about the problem in right ways.
Step9. Homework
Finish off the activity book.
Go on the next reading in the student book.
* Group1 lost an arm in an accident. Now what difficulties will you meet?
Group 2 lost a leg in an accident. Now what difficulties will you meet?
Group 3 is deaf.
Group4 is blind.
Let the students talk about their problems for five minutes. Then give a report in the class.
*Ask some students to answer the questions in class. Do you think when you are happy?
*The teacher should help them if they are in trouble. Remember them to think about the problem in right ways.
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
Title Lesson 31: Danny Tells All
Teaching Aims:
1.Know more about the disease.
2.Learn more about the hospital in foreign country.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Know something about the disease and hospital in foreign countries.
2.How do we feel when we are in hospital?
Teaching Difficult Points:
Demonstrate the feeling in hospital.
Teaching Preparation:
Teaching Steps Activity Design Language Notes
Step1.Warming up:
What do you think of Danny? Do you miss him? What do you want to know about him?
Step2. Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:
What’s wrong with Danny?
Where is Danny now?
Let the students answer the questions in class in oral.
Step3.Read the text and encourage students to ask more questions:
S1: Who went to see Danny in hospital?
S2: Brian and Jenny.
S3: What did Danny feel about missing school?
S4: He felt terrible.
S5: Is everyone quiet as Brian reads the letter?
S6: Yes.
S7: What did the doctor take from Danny’s stomach?
S8: An appendix.
Give them hints and let them ask more questions.
Step4. Make sentences with the following language points:
1.I have something to tell you.
They have a lot of homework to do.
2.in hospital; in the hospital
I was ill in hospital last year.
We went to see my uncle in the hospital.
I’m feeling much better.
Much equals a lot, even, far, a little
Step5.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.
Divide the class into groups. Talk about the questions. After a while, let some students give their report to the class.
Step6. Homework
Finish off the activity book.
Go on next reading in the student book.
* Let some students answer the questions in class in oral. Pay attention to the words that they are using. If you think it is necessary to show more words, you can show some new words to them.
* Show them more words and expressions about disease with the cards.
When the students are discussing, the teacher walk around the classroom and give them help if it is necessary.
Blackboard Writing Design：
After Class(教学反思)：
篇10：lesson57 教案教学设计(冀教版英语七年级)
Lesson 57 Summer Is Here!导学案
老师寄语：Everything comes to him who waits.
功夫不负有心人。
学习目标： 1.掌握本课生词及短语。
2．理解对话大意，并加强英语阅读能力。
3．能用英语谈论夏季的一些活动。
4．掌握本课重点知识点。
一 自主学习
1．在课前，借助音标或同学帮助，大声朗读单词，并识记。（小组互查）
2．从课文中找出以下词组，借助单词表或上下文，将其译成英语。（组内成
互查，或小组间互相抽查）
（1）enjoy oneself （2）play soccer
（3）go swimming （4）look scared
（5）the swimming pool （6） Don’t worry!
（7）have fun （8）like to do sth
3.朗读课文，把握主旨，回答下列问题。
(1) Will Li Ming go home this summer?
(2) What does Danny like to do in summer?
(3) Does Li Ming want to go swimming?
(4) What is Jenny doing in the swimming pool?
(5) Is the water in the pool cold or warm?
(6) Who will teach Danny to swim?
4.回答完上面问题，你一定对课文的大意有所了解，那么再试着将下列句子补充完整。
篇11：冀教版七年级上册英语知识点
Unit 1 School and Friends
重点短语：
be from来自 over there 在那里 homeroom teacher 指导教师
visiting student 访问生 show ... around 带领...参观
have lessons 上课 have fun 玩的愉快 play sports 进行体育活动
guessing game 猜谜游戏 play a guessing game 玩猜谜游戏
shopping list 购物单
Class Four 四班 welcome to ... 欢迎来到...
get books 借书 plan their lessons 备课 have science classes 上科学科
let’sdo sth. 咱们做某事吧
It’sone’s turn to do sth. Now. 现在轮到某人做某事了。
on the wall 在墙上 buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物
get sth for sb. 为某人取(买，拿)某物
主要句型及交际用语：
——What’s your name? (特殊疑问句，用于询问对方的名字，句中的what’s 是what is 的缩写形式。)
——My name is ... / I’m(I am)...
How are you? 你好吗? I’m fine. And you? 我很好，你呢?
——Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(第一次见面时相互问候的用语。) ——Nice to meet you, too.见到你也很高兴
Good morning。早上好。 Let’s ... 咱们...吧。
——Excuse me. May I have /borrow ...抱歉/打扰。我可以借...吗? ——Hereyou are. 给你。
——May I ...
——(肯定回答)OK. /Sure./ Certainly./Of course./ Yes, you may.
——(否定回答) Sorry./ No, you may not.
注意： may not 无缩写形式。
You are welcome! 不客气!
See you later./See you. 再见。
What about sth(what about doing sth) 某物(做某事)怎么样?
This is?? 这是?? (此句式有两种用法：
1.向别人介绍你身边的你熟悉而对方不认识或者不熟悉的人时。2 介绍近处的物品时。) Her/his name is ?? 她/他的名字是??
注意：表示“在几班”时，用“班级(第一个字母必须大写)+阿拉伯数字或基数词(第一个字母必须大写)”。如 Class 2= Class Two
Here is my list. 此句是由here构成的倒装句，起强调作用。
Here，there等构成的倒装句，有以下两种情况：
(1) 主语是人称代词，用部分倒装。结构为： Here/There +主语+谓语动词+其他
如： Here you are. 给你。
(2) 若主语不是人称代词，用全部倒装。结构为： Here/There +谓语动词+主语+其他。
如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
注意：here，there构成的倒装句多用一般现在时。
篇12：冀教版七年级上册英语知识点
Unit 2 Colours and Clothes
重点短语：
Light blue 浅蓝色 look at?? 看?? come out 出现(I come out after the rain. High in thesky.)
in the sky 在天空中 just right 刚刚好，正好 (be)ready for??准备去?? catch a cold 感冒 go back 回去 put on 穿上
get well with 和??很相配，协调 take??all out of 把所有的?取出
look so pretty 看上去很漂亮 in black and white 身穿黑白相间的衣服 write??about??写关于??的??
around the world 全世界 uniforms for work 工作服
go shopping 去购物 at the shopping centre 在购物中心
mix??and??把??和??混在一起 just right正合适，刚刚好
What colour??什么颜色(对颜色进行提问)
at 1:00 p.m.
主要句型：
Sth. is too+形容词(原形)+for sb. 某物对某人来说太??
Whose scarf is this? 用来询问物品归谁所有，用于对物主代词或者名词所有格提问。句型转换时，若后有名词，要将名词一起提前。
单数名词+ is this/that/ it?
结构：whose+ 复数名词+are these/those/they?
不可数名词+is it?
Be ready for sth. 和be ready to do sth.有时可互换。如：
I am ready for lunch.= I am ready to have lunch. 现在我准备好吃午饭了。
How many colours do you see ? 你能看到多少颜色?
My favorite colour is ?? 我最喜欢的颜色是??
Say goodbye to sb.向某人问好。Say yes/no to sb. 向某人说行/不行。
I’mso+形容词+to do sth.+其他。 做某事我很?? 如：
I’mso glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。
篇13：冀教版七年级上册英语知识点
Unit 3 Body Parts and Feelings
重点短语：
play with 和??一起玩 make?? for?? 为??做??
do one’s homework 做作业 listen to 听?? on foot 步行
wave one’s hand 挥手 see red 火冒三丈 be angry 生气
a bit 有点儿，稍微 stand against?? 靠着??站stand upon站在??上面
one donut a day 一天一个面包圈 see a doctor 看医生
have a cold 感冒 stay at home 呆在家里 have a rest 休息一下
look cool/cute/funny/different 看起来很酷/很可爱/很滑稽/不同
short black hair 黑色短发use??for??用??表示??(We use many colors for our feelings.)
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
take medicine 吃药stay home=stay athome 呆在家里
重点句型：
1 ——Howtall is he/she ? 他/她多高?——He/Sheis ??meters tall. 他/她身高??米。
2 How do you feel ?你感觉怎么样? I’m/feel ?? 我感觉??
3 What’s wrong?= what’s the matter? 怎么了?
4 I have a headache/stomacheache. 我头疼/肚子疼。
5 You’d(you had) better do?? 你最好做??
6 Are you OK? 你还好吗? 7 Let’s go and see a doctor. 咱们去看医生吧。
8 What does he/she look like? 他/她长什么样?结构为：whatdo/does + 主语+look like?某人长什么样?
9. like常见固定搭配：
Like to do sth. (表示具体的某一次动作) I like to visit Tom today. 今天我想拜访Tom. Likedoing sth. (表示习惯性、一般性动作)I like reading. 我喜欢读书。
Would like to do sth. (表示想要做某事) I would like to go out for a walk. 我想出去散步。
10. I wear glasses. 我戴着眼镜。a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
篇14：冀教版七年级上册英语知识点
Unit 4 Food and Restaurants
重点短语：
have a salad 吃色拉 make a salad 做色拉 a glass of juice 一杯果汁 put??on?? 把??放在??上面 a cup of tea 一杯茶
be full of??充满 write down 写下来 have to 不得不
want to do sth. 想要做某事 take sb. to ?? 带着某人去??
at the market 在市场 look good 看起来不错 how much 多少钱
be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事 in the restaurant 在餐馆里
something to drink 喝的东西 a can/bottle/glass/cup of?? 一听/瓶/玻璃杯/杯?? cornerstore 便利店
take down 拿下，取下(P58Take one down. Pass it around. 19 bottles of water on the wall. )
pass around 分发，传送 be away 不在，离开
get enough rest 得到充分的休息 watch TV 看电视
every day 每天 for example 例如 be short for??的简称
no problem 没问题
重点句型：
1. It’s time for +名词 常用语催促对方做某事
It’stime (for sb.) to do sth. 该到(某人)做某事的时间了。
2. what’s for 三餐/下午茶/饭后甜点?表示三餐/下午茶/饭后甜点吃什么?
3. be full of 充满??
4. 1)对于would like sth.?提出的建议或要求， 肯定回答：Yes, please. 否定回答：No,
thanks/thank you.
2)对于wouldyou like to do sth.? 肯定回答：yes./sure. I’d like/love to. 否定回答： I’d like to, but??.表委婉拒绝。
5. take sb. to someplace 带着某人去某地
6. how much +be+名词?用于询问价格。
7. can I help you? 我能帮助你么?此为服务性行业人员的常用语。
类似的说法还有： May I help you? what can I do for you?
Is there anything I can do for you?
help 的常用短语： help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 ask sb. for help向某人求助
8. pass it around。把它分发下去。
Pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
9. don’t watch too much TV! 不要看太多电视!
Too much “太多”，修饰不可数名词或放在动词之后。 Too many “太多”，修饰可数名词。
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