高中二年级英语学案Units 3-4 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)（共8篇）由网友“花草绿从”投稿提供，下面小编给大家整理后的高中二年级英语学案Units 3-4 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)，希望大家喜欢!
篇1：高中二年级英语学案Units 7-8 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．lack
（1）lack表示 “缺乏; 欠缺”之意时可作及物与不及物动词.作不及物动词时常与介词for连用.
例如:
I don’t seem to lack anything.
我好像什么也不缺.
They lacked for nothing.
他们什么都不缺.
（2）作为一个不及物动词, 用于 “缺乏或缺少”之意的lack, 主要和in一起用于现在分词.
例如:
You will not be lacking in support from me.
你会得到我的帮助.
（3）lack作名词表示 “欠缺; 不足; 没有”时, 常为不可数名词, 后接介词of.
例如:
He cannot do the work for lack of skill.
由于缺乏技术, 他不能做这项工作.
（4）lack作名词表示 “缺少的东西; 需要的东西”时, 常为可数名词.
例如:
There has been a lack of rain and the ground is very dry.
此地缺少雨水, 地面非常干燥.
（5）习语: for (by, from, through) lack of因缺乏……
lack in在……缺少/不足
no lack of不缺乏; 很多.
supply the lack补缺
（6）同义词: need n需要
反义词: presence n存在
2．英语中的 “同源宾语”现象
英语中有少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语. 这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的. 这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语.
（1）常见的能带同源宾语的动词有: live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run 等.
例如:
Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.
在党的领导下., 农民过着幸福的生活.
I dreamed a terrible dream last night.
昨晚, 我做了一个噩梦.
Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.
去年八月份, 我们的战士在与洪水作斗争时, 打了一个漂亮仗.
（2）同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语. 这时, “动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于 “动词+与定语意义相同的状语”. 二者相比, 前者语气更强一些.
例如:
We slept a comfortable sleep last night. =We slept comfortably last night.
昨晚我睡得很舒服
Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday. =Professor Smith died suddenly last
Wednesday.
史密斯教授上星期突然去世了.
[注意]同源宾语前通常带有不定冠词.
例如:
fight a good fight; breathe a deep breath; laugh a foolish laugh; smile a forced smile.
（3）同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时, 该同源宾语常常可以省去.
例如:
You should run your fastest (race).
你应该尽快地跑
The old man breathed his last (breath)this morning.
那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸, 撒手西去了.
二、词义辨析
1．英语中via, by way of, through三个词都可以表示 “经过; 经由;”, 区别如下:
2．（1）via这个词的词义是 “经过; 取道” (by way of). 常与travel, shipping等词连用.
例如:
Mr Wang is on his way to Hangzhou via Shanghai
王先生在经由上海前往杭州途中.
[注意]A. 美国人也常将其用于表示通过某种运送手段或交通工具的意思, 相当于by.
例如:
You are going via car or railroad?
你打算乘汽车还是坐火车去.
这种用法在美国用于正式的场合.
例如:
Via Air Mail (航空邮递; 英国人则用By Air Mail).
B．此外, 美国人还把via作为 “用”的意思使用; 相当于by means of.
例如:
An American officer pleaded vainly with him via radio to turn back.
一个美国军官用无线电向他恳求要他回来; 但没有结果.
（2）by way of等于via, 意思也是 “经由; 经过”(using a route through), 二者常可以互换.
例如:
He went to Hangzhou by way of Shanghai,
他经由上海前往杭州.
By way of其他常用的意思如下:
A．表示 “当作”, 相当于as. 例如:
Fred was employed by way of experiment
弗雷斯是作为试用而雇佣的.
B．表示 “作为, 为了”, 即for the purpose of, with the intention of..
例如:
We make inquiries by way of learning the facts of the case.
我们为了了解事情的真相而进行探询.
I called on him by way of returning compliments.
作为回访, 我拜访了他.
C．表示 “有……的习惯”, 即in the habit of…..
例如:
The Greens were by way of luring me away from my duty.
格林一家惯于引诱我离开职守.
（3）through的意思是 “通过”, 在乘坐火车, 轮船且全线不换车船时用.
例如:
He went to Hangzhou through Shanghai.
他途径上海直达杭州
3．proper, fit suitable和appropriate的区别
这几个词语都有 “合适的; 恰当的”意思.
（1）fit是常用词, 指 “能适合某些条件, 环境, 目的 或要求的”, 有 “吻合的”含义.
例如:
The dress is not fit to wear.
这衣服不适合穿.
（2）suitable指 “符合某时或某一环境下的要求或需要的”.
例如:
The shoes are suitable to travel.
这鞋适于旅游.
（3）proper指 “正当的; 正确的”.
例如:
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
用适当的词填空.
（4）appropriate指 “恰如其分的”, 比fit和suitable有更强的正面意义.
例如:
His quotation from Shakespeare is appropriate.
他引用沙士比亚的话恰如其分的.
三、重点句型
1．If we were to get hurt trying to save someone, we would not be able to help. 如果我们在试图救某人时受了伤, 我们就不能帮助别人了.
get hurt意为 “受伤”. “get+过去分词” 是一种被动语态形式, 强调动作.
如:
Our team got beaten by the visitors.
trying to save someone是现在分词作时间状语, 相当于when we were trying to save someone. 现在分词作时间状语通常放在句首, 但也可放在句末.
如:
He got knocked down by a car crossing the main street.
2．Seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death. 在紧急情况下, 每秒钟都是重要的, 懂得应做些什么可能意味着生死之差别.
knowing what to do 是动名词短语作主语.
又如:
Being short of money led to the failure of the plan.
3．“If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these ALDS patients,” Xiaohua says. 小华说: “如果我能活到参加工作, 我要选择医生这个职业, 帮助这些艾滋病患者.”
I were to live是虚拟语气. 在虚拟语气中, 不管主语是第几人称, be动词一般都要用were.
If I were you, I would accept his offer.
helping是现在分词作状语, 表示补充说明.
如:
He wrote me a letter, encouraging me to study hard.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] ―― Why did you leave that position?
―― I _______ a better position at IBM.
A．offer B．offered C．am offered D．was offered
[点拨] 选D．offer sb. sth 的被动语态形式。
[考点] 过去分词短语作定语。
[考例2] The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _______.
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
[点拨] 选B。spend和money是动宾关系，这里要用过去分词作定语。
[考点] 动词不定式作状语，表示目的。
[考例3] _______ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out C．Find out D．Having found out
[点拨] 选A。动词不定式作目的状语。To find out more about university course表示拨打这个电话的目的。
[考点] 动词不定式作定语。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Do you know how many ______ (竞赛者) went to Barcelona for the 25th Summer Olympics in 1992?
2．Does Radio Beijing ______(播送) news every day?
3．They are ______ (量) the speed of the passing cars.
4．Abraham Lincoln was ______(认为) as one of the greatest of all the American presidents.
5．As a ______ (结果), they saved ninety percent of the trees.
6．You don’t need any thing ______ (特别的), do you?
7．I ______ (想知道) if it is going to rain tomorrow.
8．He ______ (更喜欢) walking to riding.
9．The little girl has already learned more than two hundred Chinese______ (汉字).
10．His English was so ______ (有限的) that he could not understand what the native speakers said.
二、选项填空
1．Runners for the Olympic Games have to ______before and after the race.
A．get test B．get testing C．get tested D．get to test
2．This computer doesn’t work properly, because a certain virus has ______the operating system.
A．broken up B．broken down C．broken out D．broken away
3．Out defeat was due to a lack ______experience.
A．in B．for C．of D．to
4． ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A．Collection B．Competition C．Contact D．Consumer
5．–Why is the university doing so much building?
A．The; have increased B．A; have increased
C．The; has increased C．A; has increased
6．–You don’t like football, do you?
--_______, I like it very much.
A．Not at all B．On the contrary C．Next to never D．On all sides
7．Many new ______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A．opportunities B．necessities C．realities D．possibilities
8．I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ．
[06 安徽卷]
A．went; was occurring B．went; occurred
C．was going; occurred D．was going; had occurred
9．They have put the bird in a cage to ______it from flying away.
A．prevent B．avoid C．defend D．hold
10．If I ______your advice, I ______so much trouble.
A．had taken; would not have met B．took; would not have met
C．have taken; would not meet D．take; will not have met
【能力拓展】
With the advent of fast food chains from the West such as McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut, the Chinese are being introduced to a diet that markedly increases the death rate from certain diseases in any population.
The main killers in North America, the degenerative diseases such as heart attack and stroke as well as colon cancer, will become a way of death, not death, not life, in this country if the Chinese do not act quickly and compete with these health destroying food chains.
Scientific studies from all over the world show that a diet high in animal foods such as pork, beef, including sugar, white flour, white noodles and even white rice, undermines one’s health. Deposits of animal fat cling to the walls of arteries, blocking the blood supply to various organs.
This causes diseases in almost every organ, but in particular it damages two of the most vital ones, the heart and brain.
Compare these problems with the excellent health one may enjoy if one consumes good Chinese food. The cook goes out every day, procures great-tasting, fresh vegetables, then cooks them for just a few minutes so that their nutritional value is preserved and afterwards serves them in a most artistic and elegant fashion. Please cling to your traditional ways of eating. They are far superior to those of the West.
Certainly the fast food chains make lots of money, but who wants to fill the pockets of a foreign food chain that proceeds to ruin the health of the Chinese people?
Another reason Western fast food restaurants make money is that the food they serve, which comes from assembly lines, will not attract bugs or spoil easily.
How the Chinese could patronize these fast food places when Chinese cook such delectable food, not just in this country but over the entire world, is beyond my comprehension.
Western restaurants are clean and tastefully decorated. Moreover, these restaurants also do indeed have “good service and an inviting dining atmosphere”. However, Chinese food chains could do likewise if they would organize themselves as the Western chains do.
These lessons in management and décor are the only ones worth learning from the invasion of this country by the Western fast food chains. In other words only imitate the style of the restaurants, not the content of the food or the menus in any way, shape or form.
Do not let the desire for money destroy the wonderful tradition that China has established in producing absolutely fantastically tasty as well as healthful food.
1．The following are fast food chains from the West except ___________
A．McDonald’s B．Kentucky Fried Chicken
C．Pizza Hut D．Chinese food
2．A diet high in animal foods and refined foods will cause diseases, particularly damage ___________
A．the heart and brain B． the walls of arteries
C．all organs D．the blood
3．The underlined word “undermines” in the 3rd paragraph may have the similar meaning with “ ” .
A．improves B．damages C．affects D．strengthen
4．What will be worth learning from the Western fast food chains?
A．The content of the food.
B．The menus.
C．The lessons in management and decoration.
D．Shape or form of the food.
5．In the passage, the author thinks _________
A．Chinese should learn everything from Western fast food restaurants.
B．Chinese should say no to Western fast food.
C．Western fast food restaurants offer healthy diets.
D．Chinese food don’t contain enough nutrition.
参考答案
高二部分
Units 7-8 （B2）
基础演练
一、1．competitors 2．broadcast 3．measuring 4．considered 5．result 6． Special 7．wonder 8．prefers 9．characters 10．limited
二、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.A
能力拓展
1-5 DABCB
1．D 细节题。CHINESE FOOD 不属于西方快餐连锁店。
2．A 细节题。相关信息句在第四段： This causes disease in almost every organ, but in particular it damages two of the most vital ones, the heart and brain.
3．B 猜词义。根据情景,这里undermines 是 “破坏”的意思。
4．C 主旨大意题。文章倒数二段： These lessons in management and décor are the only ones worth learning from the invasion of this country by the Western fast food chains. 说明了西方快餐店值得学习的地方：管理及店面的装饰。
5．B 推断作者的观点：全文讲述西方快餐食品并不是健康食品, 由此我们应该能推断出作者的观点。
篇2：高中二年级英语学案Units 3-4 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．impress
（1）. impress作 “铭刻” 讲时, 是及物动词. 常用于impress sth on/upon sb “使某人铭记某事物”.
例如:
His words impressed themselves on my memory.
他的话铭刻在我的记忆里.
（2）. impress还可以表示 “给某人留下深刻印象”, 常用于被动语态.
例如:
We were deeply impressed by his words.
他的话给我们留下了深刻的印象.
His acting impressed me as being somewhat artificial.
他的演技给我的印象是有点做作.
（3）.习语: impress sb with sth.使某人牢记某事.
be impressed on one’s mind/memory被印在脑海里; 留下很深的印象.
（4）. 同义词: affect vt给……以印象; 影响.
2．close 与closely 的区别
close 和closely 用作副词意义上有差别。
Close 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。Close to有“接近，几乎，大概，差不多”的意思。
例如：
We live close to the church.
我们住在教堂附近。
They sat close together.
他们紧挨着坐在一起。
He came close to losing his temper.
他差一点发脾气了。
Closely 是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思。
例如：
The secret must be closely guarded.
这个秘密要严加保守。
He is looking at the bill closely.
他正仔细地看着帐单。
[拓展] 由close 和closely这种意义上的区别，我们可以很轻松地区别high和highly、wide和widely等一类词。带-ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带-ly的副词多用作实际意义。
例如：
He threw the ball high into the air.
他把球高高地抛向空中。（high 是指实际意义上的“高”）
They spoke highly of his behaviour.
他们高度地赞扬了他的行为。（highly 用作比喻意义“高度地”）
The dentist asked me to open wide.
牙医要我张大嘴巴。（wide 是指实际意义的“大、阔”）
He is widely read.
他博览群书。（widely 是指抽象意义上的“广泛地”）
3．recommend
（1）. recommend作 “推荐; 介绍”解时, 是及物动词. 与to搭配, 表示 “将……推荐给……”, 与for搭配, 表示 “推荐……做……”, 与as搭配, 表示 “推荐……为……”.
例如:
I can recommend this dish.
我可以推荐这道菜.
Will you recommend a good dictionary to me?
你能推荐(介绍)一本好字典给我吗?
He will recommend you for the job.
他将会推荐你担任那项职务.
I recommend her as your secretary.
我推荐她当你的秘书
（2）. recommend表示 “建议; 劝告”讲, 可以用于以下结构: recommend doing sth指 “建议/劝告做某事”: recommend sb to do, 指 “劝某人做某事”: recommend后还可加that从句, 表示 “建议……”.
例如:
I recommend going by airplane
我建议搭飞机去.
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest
医生劝我长期修养.
He recommended that the prisoners (should) be released.
他建议释放俘虏.
[注意] recommend引导宾语从句时, 从句动词需要用虚拟语气形式, 即 “ should +do”或者do.
（3）. 同义词: advise/suggest vt.建议.
二、词义辨析
1．如何正确使用“offer，provide, supply”？
offer 指主动提供。常构成“offer sb. sth.；offer sth. to/for sb.”结构。
provide 提供，供应，供给（有用的或必需的物品）。常构成固定结构“provide sth.(for sb.; provide sb. with sth.”。
supply 供应，供给（所需要或所要求的物品）。常构成固定表达“supply sth. to sb.; supply sb. with sth.”。
[例如]
The police are offering a big reward for any information about the murder.
警方悬赏一大笔赏金给提供有关这一谋杀案情况的人。
The firm has provided me with a car.
公司提供给我一辆车。
They supply gas to consumers.
他们向消费者供应煤气。
2．although, though, as, in spite of和despite的区别
这几个词都有 “虽然, 尽管”的意思. 前三个词是连词. 而in spite of和despite是介词.
（1）. although和though是从属连词, though更为常用, 而although则更为正式一些. although和though引导的句子既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后面. 两者在句中经常可以互换.
例如:
Although (though) he is a little child, he knows a lot.
[注意]although和though引导的句子不能与but和however连用.
例如:
（误）Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
（正）Although he is rich, he is not happy.
（2）. though引导的从句还可以用倒装语序, 即把句子中的表语, 状语提前放到句首. 而as引导的让步状语从句则必须把句子中的表语, 状语提前放到句首. 两者可以互换.
例如:
Tired though （as） he was, he was still working hard.
[注意]如果表语是单数名词, 提到句首时需要去掉冠词a..
例如:
Child though (as) he is, he knows a lot of knowledge.
（3）. in spite of和despite是介词, 后面接名词或代词.
例如:
He keeps working in spite of (despite) his illness.
他不顾有病, 坚持工作.
In spite of (Despite) all this discomforts, the Curies worked on.
居里夫妇不顾一切困难, 继续工作着.
4．不同的 “表达”: illustrate, suggest, express
1．illustrate(以实物、例子、图解)说明，例证，阐明。
例如：
The book was illustrated with color photographs.
这本书配上了彩色照片。
Explain and illustrate the main use of the present perfect tense.
解释并举例说明现在完成时态的用法。
2．suggest暗示，间接表明。
例如:
That girl’s sun- burned face suggests excellent health.
那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。
3．express (用语言、外表、动作)表达，明显地表示。
例如：
He can express himself in good clear English now after four years’ hard learning.
经过四年的艰苦学习，现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。
A smile expressed her joy at the news.
微笑表达了她对这个消息的喜悦心情。
三、重点句型
1．Besides, no matter how well translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 另外, 不管翻译得多好, 也会丢掉原著中的某些精神.
no matter后接疑问代词或疑问副词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为 “不管……; 无论……”. 如:
If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, no matter how good all the other ideas might be.
2．Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson. 不是因为诗, 而是因其他杰作让人不能忘怀的还有18世纪的蒲柏和约翰逊等.
为了强调, 此句的语序颠倒了. 正常的语序是:Eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson are usually remembered for other work than their poetry.
be remembered for “因……被人怀念, 纪念或尊敬”
Mr. Smith will be remembered for his generosity to the poor.
比一比
be remembered as
than此处意为 “除……之外; 除……以外”, 常放在other, otherwise, else等词后.
如:
I have no other friends than you.
other than [常用与否定句]除了: 除……之外
You can’t get to the island other than by boat.
3．Viewed from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches. 从上面看, 这座体育馆像是被一个灰色的钢筋网盖住了, 它看上去就像一个用树枝垒起来的鸟巢.
Viewed from the top是过去分词作条件或时间状语, 相当于If it is viewed from the top. 如:
Used economically, one tin will last for at least six weeks.
it looks as if是常用句型, 意为 “看起来像……”. As if从句中常用虚拟语气, 但如果放在look, seem, taste, smell等动词后时, 却常用陈述语气.
如:
The milk smells as if it is sour.
四、语法复习
过去分词作复合宾语
在英语中，有些动词只带一个宾语，句子意思还很不完整，须另带一部分说明宾语的情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语补足语，或复合宾语。
如：
In the morning people work up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
There famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown down.
过去分词作宾补小结：
1．后接过去分词作宾补的词：
（1）表感知的动词：see, watch, find, observe, notice, hear, feel, taste, smell, etc.
如：
I heard the song sung in the next room.
He found himself inspired by Japanese seashells
（2）表使役的动词：have, make, get etc.
如：
Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
We should work harder to get the work done on time.
（3）表想法、愿望的动词: want, should, like, would like, etc.
如：
They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
I’d like Lucy invested, too.
（4）表某种状态的词：keep, leave, etc.
如：
When you were out, you should keep the lights turned off.
It is had manners if he left the door broken after he broke it.
2．过去分词作宾补与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别：
（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表示被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；而不定式,-ing形式作宾补时,表主动,说明宾语是补足语动作的执行者。
如：
We have our classroom cleaned every day. （classroom和clean之间是逻辑上的被动关系）
The teacher will have Lucy clean the classroom today. （Lucy 和clean 之间是逻辑上的主动关系）
（2）不及物动词作宾补时，表动作完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词 see, watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,taste
后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的 to 省略），表示不定式的全过程；而-ing 形式作宾补是、表示动作正在发生。
如：
When I got home, I found the necklace gone.（“丢”这一动作已完成）
I heard Jim sing the song.（我听见唱的全过程）
When I got there, I saw Mary reading an English novel.（“读”这一动作正在进行）
过去分词作状语
过去分词从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．表时间
Viewed from a distance, the island looks like a cloud. (=When it was viewed from a distance, …)
Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. (=Once his work was published,…)
2．表原因
Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the company
3．表条件
Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.
Seen from the top, it looks as if stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4．表方式或伴随
He walked up and down, lost in thought.
Surrounded by a host of fans, the movie star left the airport excited.
除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词组成短语，表示以上四种意思：
1．由 when, while, whenever, until等连词引导，表示“时间”。
如：
When (he is) asked about the secret of his success, he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
Lucy seldom speaks in class until (she is) spoken to.
2．由where, wherever连词引导，表示“地点”。
如：
Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever (they are) needed.
3．由if, unless引导，表示“条件”。
如：
If (they are) kept for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness.
Unless (it is) changed, the law will make life difficult for farmers.
4．由though, although, even though 连词引导，表示“让步”。
如：
Although (it was) built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
Even though (we are) defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory,
此外，过去分词还可以和介词with, without连用，具有副词的作用。
如：
Without anything left in the kitchen, they decided to eat outside.
最后，过去分词有时可以有其独立的主语，二者构成一种分词独立主格结构
如：
All our savings gone, we started to look for jobs.
This done, we went home.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we could have lost our way.
A．it B．that C．this D．which
[点拨] 选D。本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。解此题的关键是判断前后两个简单句之间是主从关系还是并列关系。
[考例2] Sometimes you may ________ giving up something, but you needn’t worry about it. You must have confidence in yourself.
A．want to B．would like to C．feel like D．decide to
[答案] C
[解析] 本题的选项A, B, C都可以表示“想要干什么”。但 want to 后面要接do sth.，即动词原形；would like to 后面也要接动词原形；只有feel like后才可以接 doing。D项的decide to后也接动词原形，表示“决定干…”。
[考点] 考查动词-ing形式作定语的用法。
[考例3] There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A．followed B．following
C．to be followed D．being followed
[答案] B
[解析] 本句主要考查动词的-ing形式与过去分词短语作定语的用法。由于声音在闪电后，也就是说声跟随着光，意思应为主动的，所以此处用现在分词短语作noise的定语。
[拓展] 表示主动和被动的问题是区分动词-ing形式和过去分词的一个要点。一定要注意此点。
再如：
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
The students came into the classroom, following their teacher.
以上两个句子的基本意思是相同的，要注意他们中的“跟随”关系以及-ing形式与过去分词的用法区别。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．In my ______ (看法), she is not able to take care of the child.
2．A ______(化学的) change takes place in paper when it burns.
3．The whole city was ______(毁坏) in the earthquake.
4．How beautiful the music ______(听起来)!
5．The fish have very sharp teeth; they can eat a person in two minutes,
______ (留下) only the bones.
6． ometimes people cook the corn ______ (整个) over an open fire.
7．As a ______ (结果), there will be a great many jobs for the workers.
8．The ship has best ______ (装备) for keeping the fish fresh.
9．We had a ______ (特别的) passenger, a dog, on the bus that day.
10．No one could tell us anything about the ______ (神秘的). Stranger.
二.、单项填空
1．he room is so small that it can’t contain so ______.
A． many furnitures B． much furniture
C．few furnitures D．little furniture
2．I bought this dress ______for $35; it used to be $85.
A．for sale B．on sale C．at sale D．in sale
3．Almost nobody can stand ______fun of before a crowd of people.
A．to be made B． to make C．being made D．making
4．There are two new hotels near here ______construction.
A．under the B．under C． within the D．within
5． ______ what I think, what would you like to do?
A．Setting aside B．Setting out
C．Setting about D．Setting off
6．She missed the plane, ______driving very fast to the airport.
A．despite B．unless C．though D．without
7．I wouldn’t feel happy ______ in s block of apartments. I’d rather ______in a traditional house.
A．living; to live B． living; live C．to live; to live D．to live; living
8．Plenty of fresh air contributes ______good health.
A．in B．for C．to D．with
9．The road sign is easy to read; the words ______well.
A．make out B．stand out C． work out D．turn out
10．Do I have to stop to ______the new words I come across while I am reading a book?
A．look at B．look for C．look up D．look into
【能力拓展】
阅读理解:
Chinese internet search engine Baidu has attracted investment from Google, its US counterpart, as that company looks for opportunities in China. The move, which was announced last week, has underlined international interest in the fast-growing Chinese market.
According to US reports, Google put US $10 million into the deal. Baidu said this will help them upgrade technology and build a brand profile.
Baidu founder and CEO Robin Li says he and his partner Eric Xu are Baidu’s biggest shareholders.
The biggest benefit for Baidu from the Google deal will be the boost for an offering on the NASDAQ stock market in the US.
China has more than 80 million internet users and growing access to broadband in urban areas and internet cafes in remoter towns.
Baidu is one of the most promising of the Chinese providers. The company began making a profit last year, with 80 per cent of its revenue coming from paid listings. That’s where a customer pays to have a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s results list.
Local research shows that Baidu accounts for 48 percent of searches by Chinese Internet users. Google is second with under 30 percent.
However, Baidu is facing mounting challenges.
The performance of Sina, Sohu and Netease on the NASDAQ has brought results, Search engines are being seen by some as a future gold mine, following online advertising and mobile messages.
In the face of all these, Li says he believes that Baidu’s Chinese language search engine focus will be its biggest advantage.
1．As for Baidu, the most important result of the Google deal is that __________
A．It can help Baidu upgrade technology
B．It can help Baidu build a brand profile.
C．It can bring international interest in Baidu.
D．It can bring Baidu on the NASDAQ stock market.
2．What’s Baidu’s biggest advantage according to Robin Li?
A．Its Chinese language search engine focus.
B．It has more users than Google
C．It began making profit last year.
D．Google put $10 million into the deal.
3．What kind of company pay Baidu?
A．Companies that want to have online advertising.
B．Companies that want to search information on the internet.
C．Companies that want a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s result list.
D．Companies that want to sell their product online.
4．From the passage, we can infer _________
A．Baidu is facing many challenges.
B．Baidu has no advantage at present.
C．Google will take the place of Baidu in the future.
D．Some people regard search engines as something very valuable.
参考答案
高二部分
Units 3-4 (B2)
基础演练
一、1. opinion 2. chemical 3.destroyed 4.sounds 5.leaving 6.whole
6. result 8.equipment 9.special 10. secret
二、1. B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
能力拓展
1-5 DACD
1．D ABC三个选项都属于Google这笔交易给Baidu带来的结果，文章的第一段最 后一句及第二段都提到了，但是题目问的是最重要的结果，根据文章第四段内容The biggest benefit for Baidu from the Google deal will be the boost for an offering on the NASDAQ stock market in the US.可以看出，选项D才是正确答案。
2．A 文章最后一段提到Li says he believes that Baidu’s Chinese language search engine focus will be its biggest advantage.可以看出，Baidu的最大优势是它的中文搜索引擎。
3．C 文章第六段提到with 80 per cent of its revenue coming from paid listings. That’s where a customer pays to have a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s results list.可以得知Baidu 80%的收入来自那些想要在世界网络搜索结果中排在最前面的那些消费者。
4．D 这是一道推理判断题。A不能选，因为文章倒数第三段已经明确提到Baidu is facing mounting challenges.。文章明确提到的内容不能作为推理判断题的答案。而BC两个选项文章没有提到，无从推理。文章倒数第二段提到Search engines are being seen by some as a future gold mine，搜索引擎被一些人看作是将来的金矿，可以推断出正确答案是D，搜索引擎被一些人认为是非常值钱的东西。
篇3：高中二年级英语学案Units 15-16 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．只能接动名词的动词巧记:
英语中, 有一部分动词的后面只能接名词而不能接不定式. 如何记牢这些动词是英语学习者十分苦脑的问题. 在此介绍一句话, 希望能帮助大家记住这些动词.
Mrs P Black missed a beef bag.
布莱克夫人丢了一只牛肉袋.
这句话中每一个字母表示一个动词或短语动词:
M-mind (介意); R-risk (冒险); S-stop (停止,可接不定式); P-practise (练习);
B-be busy in (忙于); L-look forward to (盼望); A-avoid (避免); C-consider (考虑);
K-keep (on) (坚持); M-miss (思念, 错过); I-insist on (坚持); S-suggest (建议);
S-succeed in (成功); E-enjoy (爱好); D-delay (延缓); A-advise (提议);
B-be used to (习惯); E-escape (逃避); F-finish (完成); B-begin (开始, 也可接不定式);
A- admit (承认); G-give up (放弃)
2．willing
（1）willing作形容词, 表示 “愿意的, 心甘情愿的”, 经常用于be willing to do或 “be willing +that-clause”句型中,
例如:
I am willing to help you.
我愿意帮助你
Are you willing that she should be admitted into our club?
你愿意她加入我们的俱乐部吗?
（2）willing作形容词, 还表示 “乐于……”, 常作定语. 例如:
The teacher offers us willing help on the difficult problems.
老师乐于帮助我们解难题
[注意]它的比较级, 最高级分别是和more willing 和most willing.
（3）同义词: agreeable adj.使人愉快的
反义词: unwilling adj.不愿意的, 勉强做的
二、词义辨析
1．consider; regard的区别
（1）consider是动词, 表示 “视为, 以为”. 是正式用语, 指经过认真考虑后的结论.
例如:
I consider him a fool.
我认为他是个蠢材.
He considered the report to be false.
他认为这份报告有误.
（2）regard视为, 认为. 与consider同义, 但较不正式。
例如:
She regards him a clever fellow.
她把他视为聪明人.
He is generally regarded as a wise man.
大家都认为他是个聪明人.
2．deal with; deal in; do with的辨析
（1）deal in意为 “做买卖”, 但后接具体买卖的商品, 一般不用被动语态.
例如:
She deals in men’s clothing.
她经营男士服装.
（2）deal with 和 do with都可作 “处理”解. deal with意为 “处理”, 其中deal是不及物动词, 不能带宾语., 当加上with后, 就相当于及物动词, 可以带宾语, 常和疑问词how连用.
例如:
How can you deal with the problem?
这个问题你如何处理?
（3）do with意为 “采取……措施, 处理…..”, do为及物动词, 要带宾语, 常和疑问词what连用.
例如:
What will you do with the serious problem?
你将如何处理这严重的问题?
三、重点句型
1．Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you may want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打好行李, 探索世界所能提供给你的事物, 你可能想考虑下列目的地中的一个
should you feel…相当于If you should feel…. 在if条件句中常可使用情态动词should, 表示我真实的但又无把握的条件, should可译成 “要是; 万一”. 这时还可省略if, 句子改用倒装语序.
如:
If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back.
urge此处作名词, 意为 “强烈的愿望; 冲动”, 后常接动词不定式.
如:
I had a sudden urge to see her.
2．But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前从来没有滑过雪也没必要担心.
there is no need to do sth. 或there is no need for sth. 是固定句式, 意为 “做某事没有必要; 没必要……”.
如:
There is no point in arguing further.
3．The injustices of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. 这座城市和整个南方所存在的这些不公正导致金博士组织非暴力的示威, 目的是结束隔离制度.
此处aimed at…是过去分词短语作定语, 修饰demonstrations, 相当于which were aimed a t…. aim at或be aimed at是固定短语, 意为 “目的是, 目的在于, 企图”, 后接名词或动名词.
如:
We don’t know at whom her remarks were aimed.
四 语法复习
(一)非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式，现在分词和过去分词。它们均可作定语、状语和补语。不定式和现在分词还可作主语和宾语。它们的用法主要有以下几点需注意
1．不定式的主动和被动
不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，该句主语又与不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
如：
The problem is difficult (for us) to solve.
I need a room to live in.
2．现在分词与过去分词的区别
从语态上看，现在分词表示与名词之间的主动关系；而过去分词则表示被动关系。如:the ruling class统治阶级; the ruled class被统治阶级。从时间关系上看，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作已经完成。:如: a developing country发展中国家:developed countries发达国家
3．现在分词与不定式的区别
现在分词表示动作正在进行，而不定式表示动作尚未发生。如：the meeting being held正在进行的会议; the meeting to be held tomorrow明天将举行的会议
4．不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式和现在分词都可跟在一个句子后面作结果状语。它们的区别在于：不定式作结果状语，表示结果是出人意料的; 而现在分词则表示顺起其自然的结果。
如：
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
（二） 现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时, 它所表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生. 如果两个动作有先有后, 一般不能用现在分词做定语, 而要用定语从句.
例如:
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
老师批评了打碎玻璃的那位同学.
而不能说成:
The teacher criticized the student breaking the window.现在分词在句中作定语时, 不仅存在前置与后置区别, 而且存在状态，时间与形式上的差异. 具体用法如下:
（1）状态差异：
现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。 一般来讲， 前置的现在分词静感强，而后置现在分词动感强。
例如：
The labouring people are the wisest.
劳动人民最聪明
The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.
在这儿干活的农民不怕蛇.
能前置的现在分词为数不太多, 常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词. 这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词. 有些甚至还有比较等级.
例如:
I have brought very exciting news to you.
我给你带来了特别令人兴奋的消息
This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最令人兴奋的故事
（2）时间差异
这里是指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异. 有此现在分词作定语时表示正在进行的动作, 这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态.
例如:
Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? = Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise?
你告诉那些在那边玩儿的孩子别吵闹了吗?
The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday. =The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
正在访华的美国总统将于周六回国
有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性的动作或现在(或当时)的状态. 此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态. 而不宜用进行时态. 若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点.
例如：
They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake. =They stayed at a hotel which stands by the lake.
他们住在临湖的一家旅馆.
（3）形式差异
从形式来看, 前置现在分词多为单个分词, 而后置现在分词多为短语. 换句话说, 若用现在分词作定语, 单个分词要前置, 分词短语要后置. 但也不是绝对如此, 要视情况而定. 要是强调动感即使是单个分词也应后置.
例如:
Look! The girl singing is Lily and the one dancing is Mary.
快看! 唱歌的女孩是莉莉, 跳舞的那个是玛丽
需要注意的是, 现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语, 只能作后置定语.
例如:
They must keep a secret of the things being discussed there.
他们必须为讨论过的那件事保密
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 过去分词作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。过去分词前面可用when，once，although等连词。
[考例1] Sugar, when _______ with water, dissolves quickly.
A．mixed B．mixing C．mix D．s mixed
[点拨] 选A。mix 和sugar 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
[考例2] It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by the boss.
A．questioning B． having questioned
C．questioned D．to be questioned
[点拨] 选 C。question和它的逻辑主语 “I”之间是动宾关系，这里用过去分词作状语。
[考点] one 用作代词，代替表示单个的人或事物的名词；替代复数形式用ones。
[考例3] Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious ______ than mobile phones do.
A． one B．ones C．it D．those
[点拨] 选B。ones 替代前面的problems。
[拓展] one用作代词，代替可数名词；that用作代词，代替不可数名词。
[考例4] I’m going to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.
A．ones B．one C．that D．those
[点拨] 选C。that 替代上文中的air。因为air 是不可数名词，不能用one替代。
[考点] practical 用作形容词, “实际的、实用的、可行的”的意思。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Mother always ask me not to say any words to _______ (陌生人).
2．After a heated _______(讨论), we made a final decision.
3．We have ______ (相似) tastes in music and sports.
4．How can you ______ (表达) your feeling when facing such an situation?
5．______ (诚实) is the best policy.
6．Insects which eat crops are p_____.
7．This coat m______ the dress very well.
8．They went out in s______ of the lost boy.
9．A c_______ change takes place in any substance when it burns.
10．This toy is not s_______ for a 3-year-old boy.
二、单项填空
1．What ______me most was that my parents were so ______with my school grades.
A．disappointed; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing
C．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointed
2．The sight of this note ______me that I had to go to the store after school.
A．explained B．suggested C．reminded D．reflected
3．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. [06 全国卷Ι]
A．in favour of B． in memory of
C．in honour of D．in search of
4．The famous actor keeps fit by ______for half an hour every morning
A．acting out B．working out C．giving out D．bringing out
5． ______his arrival at the airport, the film star was recognized and soon surrounded by a group of film fans.
A．At B．Over C．On D．To
6．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were ______. He died soon afterwards
A．in place B．in return C．in vain D． in order
7．It is not a serious illness. I guess she will ______soon.
A． remove B．recover C． replace D．reduce
8．There are ______that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.
A． marks B．symbols C． signs D． signals
9．He said he was 30 years of age, but ______he was more than 40.
A．in fact B．after all C．anyhow D．instead
10．We went to the movies first and had a bite in a French restaurant ______.
A．afterwards B．therefore C．anyway D．though
【能力拓展】
While many teenagers may dream of meeting with pop star Jay Chou（周杰伦）or NBA hero Yao Ming, Li Jing had a far more powerful person on her mind. The Senior 2 from Beijing No. 35 High School dreamt of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin.
After more than a year of hard work and with a little good luck, Li fulfilled（实现）her dream. On October 11, , the 16-year-old girl joined a team of Chinese Journalists who went to the Kremlin（克里姆林宫）, Moscow, to interview Putin.
Li felt nervous before talking with Putin. “But his greeting and warm smile put me at ease,” she said.
Li admires Putin very much, because of his strong will and style of leadership. “He looks very cool,” Li said. During her interview, Li asked Putin whether he plans to educate his two teenage daughters to be officials in the future. Putin smiled and answered he hopes they can do whatever job suits their interests and personalities.
Although Li would only have several minutes, she started working on her interview questions last August after applying for the opportunity. “Journalists” work is by no means easy. You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee,” she said. She read many books about Putin and Russia in her spare time.
Li’s parents encouraged her to be a student journalist. “We fully support her, as long as it does not affect studies,” said her father. Previous in her job for a student magazine, Chinese Young Journalists, she wrote a letter to President Hu Jintao during the SARS epidemic（流行疫情）.
Li has learnt a lot from her experience. She said learning to manage her time and develop the confidence to speak with important people were not things she could learn in class.
1．The underlined word “interview” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.
A．the person who interviews
B．the person who is interviewed
C．the person who know how to interview
D．the person who plan to interview a famous people
2．Which of the following best describe Li Jing’s parents’ attitude towards her being a student journalist?
A．They think to a student journalist is purely a waste of time.
B． They worry that to be a student journalist will affect her studies
C．They consider it is quite good for Li Jing on the condition of not striking her study.
D．They neither support it nor object to it.
3．Li Jing is different from those students of her age in that __________.
A．she doesn’t like pop star Jay Chou
B．she hates meting with the NBA hero Yao Ming
C．she wants to meet neither Jay Chou nor Yao Ming
D．She dreams of meeting the president powerful Russian leader
4． Which of the following statements is Not true?
A． Li realized her dream not just because of her hard work
B．Li was at easy at the first sight of president Putin
C．Li considers Putin a great leader because of his strong will and style of leadership
D．Li thinks impossible to learn in class the confidence to speak with great people
参考答案
高二部分
Units 15-16 (B2)
基础演练
一、1. strangers 2. discussion 3. similar 4. express 5. Honesty 6. pests 7. matches 8. search 9. chemical 10. suitable
二、1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
能力拓展
1-4 BCDB
1． B 通过上下文可知，对于journalists（记者）的采访interviewee（对象），记者需要做很多的事情（You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee）。
2． C 从文章倒数第二段可以看出，父母对她的课外活动是很支持的，前提是不影响学习。
3． D 从第一段可知，其他同学都梦想与周杰伦、姚明等见面，而她则想采访俄罗斯总统普京。
4． B 从第三段可知，第一眼看到普京时，她还是有些紧张的。
篇4：高中二年级英语学案Units 17-18 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．由come构成的常用短语：
come about出现；发生
come across偶然遇到或找到
come along进展
come around/round恢复；还原
come at达到；得到
come back反驳；回来；恢复
come by经过；取得
come down失去财富或地位；下来；倒塌
come in到达；进来
come off离开；举行；实现
come upon偶然发现或遇到
come through经历；传出
come up走近；发生
come over过来；抓住
come to达到；继承
come out发行或发表；结束；结果；出来
come on快点；赶快
2．与think相关的短语:
come to think of it细想一下
think a lot of喜欢;尊敬
think aloud自言自语
think and think细想
think away想开了;想得忘了
think back to回忆起
think twice再三考虑, 踌躇
think for认为;预料
think over仔细考虑
think to oneself盘算, 自思自忖
First think, then speak. (谚)先思而后言
Think about/ of思考, 考虑; 回顾, 想起; 想到(某人, 某事)
Think better of改变看法; (对某人)有较高的评价
Think highly (much/ no end/ well) of…评价及高; 重视, 尊重; 器重, 抗得起
Think little/ nothing of轻视, 满不在乎; 对……毫不考虑. 毫不踌躇
Think one is it自以为了不起, 自高自大
Think (sth.) out/ through仔细考虑; 想出; 设计出
Thank today and speak tomorrow. (谚)熟思而后言
Think up想出, 想起; 捏造, 虚构; 设计出, 发明
3．由look构成的常用断语
look at看; 注视
look for找,寻找
look to注意; 指望
look into调查
look after照料
look down on轻视, 看不起
look forward to盼望;期待
look in顺便看望; 短暂访问
look out注意
look over翻阅, 浏览
look up好转; 仰望; 拜访
look down upon轻视; 轻蔑
look up to仰望; 尊敬
look back (与on, to连用)回想, 记忆
look on(常与as连用)旁观; 看作
二、词义辨析
1．too much与 much too大不相同
too much: 中心词在much, 意为 “太多,过分”, 在句中作定语,修辞不可数名词,也可用作状语, 修辞动词, 还可用作主语、表语等.
例如:
Sorry that I’ve put you too much trouble.
很抱歉给你添了太多麻烦.
He drank too much at the dinner party.
餐会上他喝的太多了.
It really is too much of your father to bring guests home to dinner without letting me know in advance.
你父亲实在太过分了,事先不告诉我一声就带客人到家里来吃饭.
Too much has been talked about the topic.
关于这个话题已经谈过太多了.
much too: 中心词在too, 意思是 “极其,非常”, 修辞形容词或副词,表示程度.
例如:
The problem is much too difficult for me.
这道题对我来说太难了.
His condition is much too bad, and needs a further examination.
他的身体状况非常糟糕, 需要作进一步检查.
2．辨析：though, although, even though, as though
although 和 though：“虽然，尽管”的意思。都可用作连词引导让步状语从句，两者可互换。
例如：
They are generous although/ though they are poor.
他们尽管穷，却十分慷慨。
though 引导让步状语从句时和as一样，表语可以提前；此外，though 还可以用作副词。
例如：
Hardworking though/as he was, there was never enough money to pay the bills.
他虽然工作很辛苦，但却一直是入不敷出。
It’s a hard work; I enjoy it, though.
这是件苦差，不过我倒很乐意干。（though 用作副词）。
even though：和even if同义， “尽管，即使,纵然”，用作连词引导让步状语从句，语气比though, although更强。
例如：
She won’t leave the television set, even though/ even if her husband is waiting for his supper.
即使她丈夫等着她吃晚饭，她也不愿意离开电视机。
as though：和as if 同义，“好像，仿佛”，用作连词，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
例如：
He sounds as though/ as if he’s got s sore throat.
他的声音听起来好像是喉咙痛。
He opened his lips as though/ as if he would say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么。
三、重点句型
1．Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it. 既然我们正高速地发展新技术, 真正的挑战在于寻找新的使用途径.
now that是固定短语, 意为 “既然; 由于”, 引出原因状语从句, that可省略.
如:
Now (that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
2．Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 或许到了社会上的其他人承认我的时候了, 到了他们接受这样一事实的时候: 虽然我不会走路, 但仍有很多事情我可以做.
accept…as…“承认……是, 同意……是, 认可……是”. 如
We have to accept things as they are.
while此处意为 “虽然; 尽管”. 如:
While he has many friends, Peter is often lonely.
3．If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer, we may get stuck, 如果我们只找正确答案, 拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法, 我们就可能被困住.
get stuck是被动语态, 意为 “被困住; 被卡住”. 如
I got stuck in a heavy traffic jam.
四、语法复习
复习定语从句
1．关系代词as引导的定语从句.
as可以引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句, as在从句中可做主语, 宾语, 表语.
如:
The people as you describe are thought to be fools.
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
as引导非限制性定语从句时和which的区别:
（1）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首,句中,句末; which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面.
（2）as经常和be, 和被动语态连用; which引导的非限制性定语从句中经常用主动语态.
（3）as多用于这些习惯用语中:as anybody can see; as is well-known; as we had expected; as often happens; as it is; as has been said before; as is mentioned above; as is often the case. / which
2．代词/数词/名词+of whom引导的非限制性定语从句.
如:
I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
或:I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
或:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, whose price was very reasonable.
The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, 12 of which were won by women.
或:The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, of which 12 were won by women.
3．time当先行词: 若作为 “时间”讲, 关系代词用that或省略; 作为”一段时期”讲, 用when引导定语从句. 如:
There was a time when I hated to go to school.
It’s time that we went to school.
4．定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致.
如:
He is the only one of the students who is often praised by the teacher.
He is one of the students who are often praised by the teacher.
5．对于一些既可以作主语, 宾语, 表语, 又可以作状语的先行词, 我们在选择关系代词或关系副词时, 可以使用 “代入法”, 把先行词代入到定语从句中, 看它所作的成分, 如果能作的是主语, 宾语, 表语, 那么我们就用关系代词, 如果它作的是状语, 那么我们用关系副词.
This is the reason why he had a few days off.
This is the reason that或which或不填 he told me.
I’ll never forget the days that或which或不填
We spent together.
I’ll never forget the days when we worked together.
This is the place that或which或不填 we visited
last year.
This is the place we where worked last year.
6．注意way后接定语从句的情况
当先行词是, way意为 “方式” “方法”时, 引导定语从句的关系代词有三种情况: that; in which和省略.
如:
The man was puzzled by the familiar way that/in which/省略 the waiter and I chatted with each other.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 现在完成进行时态表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在, 且有可能继续下去。
[考例1] Now that she is out of job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A．had considered B．has been considered
C．considered D．is going to consider
[点拨] 选B。根据所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet，说明Lucy 还在考虑这件事，也就是说consider这个动作过去已经开始一直持续到现在，且仍然在继续进行。这里要用现在完成进行时态。
[考点] “must have +-ed” 表示对过去发生的动作或状态作出的肯定判断或推测，翻译成“（过去）一定．．．”。
[考例2] -- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
-- Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of difficulties!
A． may go through B． might go through
C．ought to have gone through D．must have gone through
[点拨] 选D。根据上文stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years，说明下面一句是对过去发生动作的肯定的推测。意思是：“她一定经受了不少困难。”
[考例3] -- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
-- Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B． should have happened
C． could have happened D．must have happened
[点拨] 选D。“Tom从来不迟到，但现在每来”。所以这里要用must have done 对过去的情况作出肯定的推测。should have done 表示“过去本应该做．．．（而事实上没做）”；could have done 表示“过去本能/可以做．．．（而没做）”，含有责备的语气。
[考例4] This cake is very sweet. You ________ a lot of sugar in it.
A． should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
[点拨] 选D。句义是：“饼很甜，肯定放多了糖”。表示对过去动作的肯定推测或判断。
[考点] cut 构成的固定短语。cut up切碎； cut down 砍倒；cut out 切断； cut in 插嘴，打断。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．He is wearing a sad ______ (面部) expression.
2．The boy is very ______ (好奇) about everything and always asking strange questions.
3．The prisoner _________ (企图) an escape but failed.
4．You should go now, o______ you’ll miss the bus.
5．He _______ (拒绝) my offer of help.
6．His father has a s______ of humour.
7．What does the word m_______ in the context?
8．We should not judge a peoson just by his a________. I think his quality is more important.
9．Children are not p______ to swim here; it’s too dangerous.
10．You must pay attention to your p______ a and intonation when you read the text.
二、单项填空
1．It is quite obvious ______we must apply other methods of setting the problem.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
2．The boy is not very smart, so ______often takes him quite a while to do what he is told to.
A． there B．that C．they D．it
3．Today there are more opportunities for disabled people to make ______contribution to ______society.
A． a; the B．a; 不填 C．不填; the D．the; a
4．He promised to send me an invitation to visit their country ______until I was 60 years old.
A． each two years B． each other year
C．every other year D． every second years
5．We can’t finish the work in such a short time; you must ______our lack of experience.
A．allow to B．allow for C. allow of D．allow into
6．I felt very disappointed when my repeated request that I join the club was ______.
A．replaced B．resisted C．rejected D．removed
7．He is quite ______of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A．eager B．aware C．sensitive D．serious
8．The man tried to break into the shop during the night, but got ______in the chimney.
A．stuck B．to be stuck C．sticking D．to stick
9． The criminal ______from the two policemen who were holding him and ran away.
A．broke off B．broke away C．broke up D．broke down
10． ______that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A． For B．Despite C．Since D．Now
【能力拓展】
In America, seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN. It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood, I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand, rather than to help other people win. However, as time goes by, I have gradually comprehended the essence（真谛）of WIN-WIN principle─it is the attitude of seeking mutual benefit.
When I was little, I used to play Chinese checkers（跳棋）which include two basic tactics（战术）: One is to create paths for yourself; the other is to block the passages of your rival. Players may apply these two totally different approaches in the game, but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his opponent may take advantage of it. Finally he can always reach the destination（目的地）a few steps ahead of the other player. Meanwhile, some player may take another approach to prevent his opponent from moving forward at all costs. By this he may get a short-term benefit, but couldn’t fix attention on the final goal, thus he would never truly develop further.
In the 1990s, a strategy called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world. Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US. Most Americans advocate（提倡）the spirit of social service and voluntary contribution. In US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to be engaged in community service so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood. Moreover, a crucial（决定性的）standard for universities to judge new students is whether they have worked for the community or not.
In China, it is quite usual that some people are too selfish and never take other people’s interests into consideration, while someone who really has courage to do something for the public is often called “foolish” or “stupid”. Actually helping other people can be of great delights for the helper, for he can also learn something crucial for his life such as sympathy, care, devotion, etc. So only if you take other people’s interests into earnest consideration can you assure your own gain.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the passage is __________.
A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and USA.
B． to tell us the different educational systems both in US and China.
C． to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN.
D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in US and China.
2． Which of the following can be the best example of carrying out the Win-Win principles?
A． Volunteers B．Chinese C．Service workers D．Children
3．What is the author’s attitude towards Win-Win?
A．criticism B．encouragement C．disagreement D．doubt
4．Which of the following statements in NOT true for WIN-WIN principle?
A．to take others’ interests seriously
B．to learn something useful for our life
C．to gain mutual benefit
D．to try to get some benefits from others
5．The underlined words “at all costs” in the second paragraph means “_______” in Chinese.
A．代价高 B．不惜任何代价 C．完全失败 D．以全部费用
参考答案
高二部分
Units 17-18 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．facial 2．curious 3．attempted 4．otherwise/or 5．rejected 6．sense 7．mean 8．appearance 9．permitted 10．pronunciation
二、1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
能力拓展
1-5 CABDB
1． C 主旨题。文章主要讲双赢的意义和重要性。
2． A 文章第三段 “Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US.” 解释了WIN-WIN原则, 并举例说明了这一原则的应用。
3． B 推理题.根据全文可推测作者的态度。答案: B。
4． D 了解双赢的原则：Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. (其核心是达到自己目标的同时给别人以利益) 我们可判断 D 项不符合WIN-WIN原则。
5． B 猜词义。 at all costs 的意思是 “不惜任何代价”。
篇5：高中二年级英语学案Units 19-20 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．接双宾语的动词
（1）常见的能接双宾语的动词有:accord, advance, award, bring, deal, forward, give, grant, band, lease, leave, lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, read, rent, repay, sell, send, serve, show, sing, take, reach, tell, write.
（2）另有一批动词, 也可跟两个宾语, 但把间接宾语放在后面时, 要改为由for引导的短语.
例如:
Father bought me a camera. (跟两个宾语)
Father bought a camera for me. (包含for引导的短语)
这类动词常见的有:book, bring, build, buy, cook, cut, design, fetch, find, fix, get, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, prepare, reserve, save, set, sing, spare.
2．常见的与hand连用的短语:
an old hand内行, 过来人
at first hand直接
at hand在手边, 在附近
at second hand第二手的, 间接的
by hand用手, 用体力
hand in hand手拉手
on the one hand一方面
on the other hand另一方面
Hands off! 请勿动手!
Hands up! 不许动, 举起手来!
from hand to mouth现挣现吃地, 仅够糊口地
give sb. a big hand 给某人热烈鼓掌
Many hands make light work. 人多好办事/人多力量大
3．学会用时间“time”
time一词很普通，是常挂在嘴边的词, 试试翻译下列口语中常用的句子：
1．What’s the time?
2．(How) Time flies!
3．Take your time!
4． (Only) Time will tell.
Keys: 1. 现在几点？ 2. 时间过得真快！ 3. 别着急！（慢慢来!） 4. 时间会说明一切。
time一词构成很多固定搭配，你知道它们的意义吗？
in time 及时，迟早
in no time 立刻，马上
on time 准时，正点
all the time 一直，始终
time and again 一次又一次地，反复地（也说：time after time）
at one time （过去）曾经，一度
at a time 一次，每次
at the time 当时，那时候
at times 有时候（sometimes）
for the time being 目前，暂时
keep up with the times 跟上潮流，不落后于时代
二、词义辨析
1．gentle; mild; soft的区别
这组词都表示 “温和的”. 其区别是:
（1）用于人时, gentle指 “举动温和”,侧重出于自我克制或对对方的体贴; mild侧重出于性格温柔; soft指 “心肠软, 言语婉转”.
例如:
The boy has gentle spirit.
那男孩举止文雅
I think the courts are too soft with these young offenders.
我认为法院对这些犯法的年轻人太宽厚了.
（2）用于物时, gentle可指事物运动变化的缓和; mild指适度, 祥和, 给人愉快的感觉; soft可指物质的表面柔软,光滑或声音的温和,低小等.
例如:
A warm, gentle breeze was coming from the sea.
海面吹来一阵柔和的暖风.
His eyes were no longer mild but glittered with a suppressed fury.
他的目光不再温和, 而是迸射出压抑的怒火.
2．certain; sure的区别
（1） sure强调主观上, 心理上所信赖的事情, 含有自信, 有把握等含义. 该词还可作礼貌用语, 表示某事有可能但不太确定.
例如:
I’m dead sure.
我绝对肯定
You may be sure about his honesty.
你可以确信他是诚实的
I am sure of his living to 70.
我确信他可以活到70岁
Make sure of your facts before you accuse him.
在你控诉他之前要事先确定事实
Do you feel sure about it?
你对此有把握吗?
It is possible that he did so, but I am almost sure that he did not.
他有可能这么做, 但我几乎可以肯定他没有这么做.
（2）certain强调无可争辩的, 有肯定的理由和不容置疑的证据. 语气上强于sure.
例如：
It is certain to happen.
这是一定要发生的
He is certain of their loyalty.
他对他们的忠心没有疑问
The evidence is certain.
证据确凿
I think the train leaves at 8 o’clock but you ought to make certain.
我想火车是8点钟开, 但你还是应该确认一下.
One thing was certain: the movement would never accept a man with primarily left-wing views as Party leader.
有一件事是确定的: 那就是这次运动绝不会接受持左翼观点的人做党的领袖.
三、重点句型
1．You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. 你倒不如站在海滩上和大海争论.
may/might as well do sth.是固定句式, 意为 “还是做某事为好; 不如去做某事”, 用于提供建议或要求.
如:
You may as well repeat the experiment.
2．It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 试图与夏洛克争论是没用的.
it is useless或it is (of) no use后常接动名词作真正的主语. 如:
It is no use your running away.
3．You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted! 你刚才要的是公正, 所以你会得到公正, 比你要的还要公正.
shall在此作情态动词, 与第二人称连用, 表示许诺. 如:
You shall have the money as soon as I get it.
4．Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. 在它们的旁边放着一块垫东西的石头, 这个人有可能在上面锻造金属.
本句用了全部倒装结构. Next to them是介词短语作地点状语, lay是不及物动词, a cushion stone是名词作主语, 这些都是全部倒装结构的必要条件.
如:
On the stage sits a professor.
upon which引出一个非限制性定语从句.
如:
I saw a table in the corner, upon which lay a pile of books.
work此处用作及物动词, 意为 “(用手)制造或加工”.
如:
The farmer is working the soil.
四、语法复习
Review the use of “It”
一、代词
1．it的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物.
如:
A: Pass me a blue pen. B: Here it is.
2．it, that, one, the one, the ones用于指代用法时的区别:
it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they); one指代上文提及的, 泛指的可数名词单数(复数ones); that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词(复数those), the ones相当于these, those.
3．指代不明身份或性别的人也用it; 指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可以用she/he.
A: Who’s it (knocking at the door)?
B: It’s me.
The crowd moves on. No one tries to stop it.
My car needs some more petrol. Let’s fill her up.
二、虚义it:
虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语, 如表示时间, 天气, 距离, 温度等概念的用法.
When spring comes, it is getting warmer and warmer.
It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing.
It is only about half an hour’s ride from here to my home.
It looks as if the college is very small.
It seemed as though our plan would be perfect.
三、形式it:
由于句法结构的需要, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语后置.
1．形式主语:不定式, 动名词以及主语从句作主语时, 为避免 “头重脚轻”, 要将真正的主语后置.
It is/was difficult (easy, hard, important, necessary, useful, fit, possible, a pity, a pleasure…) (for sb.) to do sth.;
1). It is/was kind (nice, wise, clever…) (of ab,) to do sth.;
比较:Sb. is/was angry (ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, thankful…) to do sth.;
2). It is better (interesting, tiring, enjoyable, funny, fun, a bore, a waste of time…) doing sth.;
3). It is clear (plain, true, certain, sure, obvious…) that clause +陈述语气;
4). It is important (necessary, strange, a pity…) +that clause +(should) do;
5). It is a suggestion (my with) +that clause +(should) do;
6) It is ordered +that clause+(should) do;
7). Ii is high/very time that we should have lunch/had lunch here.
It is the first/last time that we have had lunch here (just).
It is the third time that we shall have lunch here (in a moment).
2．形式宾语: 当不定式, 动名词, that从句作宾语, 又有自己的宾语补语时, 要用it作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语后置. 能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take等.
如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day.
The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was flat.
We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English.
四、强调it: 为了强调句子中的某一处, 可以用 “It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他 的句型.
如:
I met an old friend in the street last week.-
It was I who met an old friend in the street last week. (强调主语)
It was an old friend that I met in the street last week. (强调宾语)
It was in the street that I met an old friend last week. 强调地点状语)
It was last week that I met an old friend in the street. (强调时间状语)
注意: 一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用where.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 多个形容词修辞同一名词时的顺序。
[考例1] This _______ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A． pretty little Spanish B． Spanish little girl
C．Spanish pretty little D． little pretty Spanish
[点拨] 选A。多个形容词修辞同一名词时有一定的顺序。下面一句话能帮助我们记住这一顺序：“县（限定词）官（外观、大小）行（形状）令（年龄、新旧）宴（颜色）国（国籍）才（材料、用途）”。
[考点] 冠词的用法。
[考例2] After dinner he gave Mr. Richard ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport.
A．the; a B．a; the C．不填; a D．不填; the
[点拨] 选B。ride前用不定冠词a 表泛指；Capital Airport是专有名词，其前要用定冠词the。
[考点] 现在进行时态表示现在或包括 “说话时刻” 在内的一段时间当中进行的动作。
[考例3] Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (上海 )
A．work B．working C．is working D．are working
[点拨] 选C。现在进行时可以表示包括 “说话时刻” 在内的一段时间当中正在做的事。主语中心词是Professor Smith，所以要选is working。
[拓展] 现在进行时还可以表示现在或现在某一阶段不断重复的动作，有“不断地”或“一个接一个”的含义，有时还带有不满、抱怨等感情色彩。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．This is a __ ____ (棘手的) case.
2．My interests are in _____ __ (冲突) with theirs.
3．Please p___ _ out three more sentences from the reading passage with object clauses.
4．The bomb e___ ___ but nobody was injured.
5．As is known to all, Canada is a ___ ____ (多元文化的) country.
6．It is known to us all that there are seven c__ ____ in four oceans in the world.
7．What my Chinese teacher said today i___ ____ me deeply and I would never forget it.
8．The mother put the little baby ___ ____(轻轻地) on the bed.
9．_______ speaking (一般说来), parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.
10． ur next-door n__ ____ says that she’ll look after our cat while we’re away.
二、单项填空
1．How I ___ ___him the pleasures he had during the vacation!
A．envy B．admire C．appreciate D．enjoy
2．–Do you still have the receipt, madam?
--No, I’m afraid I’ve ____ __.
A．torn it off B．torn it down C．torn it up D．torn it away
3．–Do you have any new dictionaries?
--We’ve got __ ____at the moment.
A．no one B．not one C．none D．neither
4．They spent three months at ___ ___sea before they went on __ ____shore.
A．the; the B．不填; 不填 C．the; 不填 D．不填; the
5．I promise that you ____ __have five dollars if you clean all the windows.
A．will B．to leave C．shall D．should
6．Since she is angry, we might as well __ ____her alone.
A．leave B．to leave C．leaving D．left
7．She will join us __ ____one condition: that we divide all the profits equally.
A．in B．for C．on D．to
8．It’s useless ___ ___to persuade him to get rid of that habit; he just can’t make ____ __.
A．trying; it B．to try; that C．trying; that D．in trying; it
9．Angkor Wat is a famous which _____ _the eleventh century.
A．dates back to B．dated back to C．dates in D．dated in
10．The famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend ____ __her.
A． accompanying with B． accompanying
C．accompanied with D．accompanied
【能力拓展】
1975, Microsoft: Bill Gates founded Microsoft with a group of school friends. Gates is worth ￡25billion
1976, Apple: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs built the first ready-made PC in a garage, selling a scientific calculator and a Volkswagen microbus to pay for it. Apple is now worth ￡6.3 billion
1984, Dell: Michael Dell, 39, founded the Dell Computer Corporation, now the world’s biggest PC manufacturer, by selling custom-built PCs directly to customs. It is worth ￡37 billion and Dell’s personal wealth is believed to exceed ￡10 billion
1994: Linux Torvalds created the Linux operating system while studying at Helsinki university. From the start, the code was freely distributed. It is becoming more popular as an alternative to the Windows operating system. He has become wealthy with his company Transmeta.
, Google: Sergey Brin and Larry Page began their search engine in a friend’s garage. It is now reputedly worth about ￡25 billion
, Napster: Shawn Fettings quit college at 19 to create a music download site with his uncle. By it was worth 42￡million
1999: Evan Williams, 28, founded www.blogger.com. It now has more than a million registered users. In he sold it to Google
1．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ______
A．customers who buy PCs B．Dell computer corporation
C．Michael Dell D．Selling custom-built PCs
2．From the passage, we can infer the following EXCEPT_________
A．www.blogger.com belongs to Google now
B．Gates’ personal wealth is larger than that of Dell’s
C．Shawn Fettings creates a music download site all by himself
D．Microsoft has a longer history than Apple
3．Which of the following match is not correct?
A．Linux---Transmeta, Evan---www.blogger. com
B．Steve Jobs---Apple, Shawn ----Napster
C．Larry Page---Google, Bill Gates---Microsoft
D．Sergey Brin---Google, Linux---Dell
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Famous computer companies
B．Net millionaires
C．How to run a computer company successfully
D．Being successful
参考答案
高二部分
Units 19-20 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．troublesome 2．conflict 3．pick 4．erupted 5．multi-cultural 6．continents 7．impressed 8．gently 9．Generally 10．neighbour
二、1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B
能力拓展
1-4 BCDB
1．B这里的it应该是指代上文提到的正在被介绍基本情况的戴尔电脑公司。
2．C Shawn Fetting是跟他的叔叔一起创建了第一个音乐下载网站，而不是他自己。
3．D Linux的创始人是Linux Torvalds，而不是Dell。
4．B 这篇文章主要是列举了网络富翁的情况。
篇6：高中二年级英语学案Units 13-14 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1． benefit
(1)．作名词的用法：
a．用作不可数名词，有“好处，益处，利益，恩惠，裨益”等意义。
例如：
She didn’t get much benefit from her stay abroad because he was ill for a long time.
由于病了很长时间，她在国外期间并没有得到多大好处。
b．用作可数名词，意思是“善举，义演”。
例如：
A benefit for the disaster area will be held next week.
下周将举办一个赈灾义演。
c．作“救济金，津贴”讲时，即可用可数名词，也可用不可数名词。
例如：
How much unemployment benefit does the middle-aged woman get every month?
那位中年妇女每月领到多少失业救济金？
Housing benefits are given out at the end of year.
住房补贴在年底发放。
d．常用于一些固定表达中。
例如：
have the benefit of 获益于，受益于
He has had the benefit of his 4-year education in America.
for the benefit of/ for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益，为了帮助某人
For the benefit of those who arrived late, I’ll go over the plan once again.
be of benefit 有益，有好处
My holiday wasn’t of much benefit to me.
（2）作动词的用法：
a．用作及物动词，有“有利于， 有助于，有益于”的意思。
例如：
It is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.
这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它对公司有好处。
b．用作不及物动词，有“获益，受益，得到好处”的意思，后常用介词from，也可用介词by。
例如：
They will benefit from the new way of doing the business.
他们会从新的经营方式中获益。
He is a man who has never benefit from experience.
他是一个从不吸取经验教训的人。
Who is most likely to benefit by the old lady’s death?
谁最可能因老妇人去世而获益呢？
（3）Benefit的形容词形式是beneficial，副词形式是beneficially。
be beneficial to 有利于… …,
例如：
The new policy is beneficial to car drivers.
新的法规对汽车驾驶员有利。
Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health.
新鲜空气和优良的食物有益于健康。
2．demand
（1）demand作动词是 “要求, 需求”的意思, 经常指认为有用, 公正, 正确, 恰当或必需而提出要求. 注意: demand后接不定式, 不能接动名词; 被要求的人作为宾语时用of引出.
例如:
I demanded an answer of him.
我要求他答复.
All this was demanded of me.
这些都是向我要的.
demand后跟宾语从句时, 后面从句要用虚拟语气, 应用 “should+动词原形”, should可省略.
例如:
I demand that one of you (should) go there at once.
我要求你们中间的一个人立即到那里去! (美国用法省略should)
不能用 “demand+宾语+不定式”这种句型, 而应去掉宾语用demand to do sth。 这个句型. 例如:
He demanded to know what was going on there.
他要求知道那里发生了什么事.
She demanded to see the headmaster.
她请求见校长
（2）demand作名词是 “要求, 需求; 请求”的意思, 后面常接介词for. 常用于demand for sb, to do sth.或demand for sth/that…结构.
例如:
Ives listened to the workers’ demand for more money.
艾夫斯听着工人们要争取更多钱的要求
There is a great demand for such books.
这种书需要量很大
（3）习语:
have many demand on/upon one’s time时间不够支配
in (great )demand需要量很大; 许多人都需要
make demand of/on对……提出要求; 有求于….
meet the demand满足需要; 符合要求
on demand在要求时, 一经请求; 在要求支付时
demand of/from向…要求; 向…索取
（4）同义词: require v.要求
反义词: supply v.提供
3．插入语用法小结
插入语在句中主要是用来表示说话人对某事物的看法. 态度和推测. 有时起到解释, 说明的作用, 有时表示总结, 有时可以用来引起对方的注意和思考. 插入语用法很多. 在句子中的位置比较灵活, 大提而言, 可以分为以下及类:
（1）用简短的句子结构作插入语.这一类有: I think, I hope, I guess. I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I’m afraid, I’m sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what’s more等等, 它们可以置于句中或句尾.
如:
This diet, I think, will do good to your health.
我认为, 这个食谱对你的身体有健康有益.
It won’t be raining long, I hope.
我希望雨不会老下个不停
You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.
你当然清楚, 想成功就必须努力奋斗
（2）副词或副词断语用作插入语. 这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾.
如:
Happily for him, his father’s second wife was kind to him, too.
幸运的是, 他的继母对他也很好.
You’ll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.
可以肯定地说, 你能通过下次考试.
Honestly, I don’t need it at the moment.
说实话, 我现在还不需要它.
Luckily for him, he didn’t hurt in the accident.
（3）介词或介词断语作插入语, 这类插入语一般放在句首, 有时也可放在句中.
如:
Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither bothers nor sisters-- in other words, I’m an only child.
像大多数同学一样, 我没有兄弟姐妹, 换言之, 我是独身子女
By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.
顺便说一句鲍伯也向你问好
In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
简而言之., 自从学校实现减负以来, 情况开始有了改善.
（4）分词短语作插入语.
如:
Judging from your accent, you must be from England.
根据口音判断, 你准是英格兰人.
Generally speaking, be is the best student in our class.
一般说来, 他是我们班最好的学生.
Compared with China, the USA is smaller.
与中国相比, 美国略小一点
（5）不定式短语做插入语.
如:
To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.
说得婉转些, 他的身体不算太好.
To tell you the truth, I don’t want to see her.
说实话, 我不想见她.
To conclude, it was a great success.
总之，这是一次巨大的成功。
二、词义辨析
advantage; benefit; gain; profit的区别
advantage; benefit; gain; profit这四个词都可用作名词表示 “好处; 利益”.
（1）advantage侧重表示某人或某物在价值, 等级或地位方面的优势或好处.
如:
Her beauty proved to be of great advantage to her in her stage career.
她的美貌使她在舞台生涯中占了很大的便宜
（2）benefit侧重表示某人在身体, 智力精神或物质等方面的受益.
如:
This medicine will be of real benefit to you. Take it.
这种药对你的病会很有效的, 快吃吧.
（3）gain侧重表示物质利益方面的好处或利益, 常用复数形式.
如:
We have made some very exciting gains in the past year.
去年我们取得了可喜的收益.
（4）profit既可指物质或前财方面的收益, 亦可指一般意义上的益处.
如:
Coal and steel interests were merging for mutual profit.
煤矿和钢铁界为了共同的利益合并起来.
三、重点句型
a)It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”, which inspired people of all races to fight for equality. 他就是在1963年的 “向华盛顿进军”活动期间发表了演说<<我有一个梦想>>, 这激励着各种种族的人民为争取平等而斗争.
本句用了It was…that…强调句型, 强调的是时间状语during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963.
又如:
It was last night that John wore a white suit at the dance.
which在此引出了一个非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面的speech, which在从句中作主语.
又如:
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
b)Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree centigrade. 热能量是一种物质升高一摄氏度所需要的能量
it takes…to do…是固定句式, 可表示 “做某事需要……”之意.
如:
It will take a lot of courage to tell the truth.
it takes…to do…多指 “花多少时间去做某事”.
It took him three years to write the book.
亦有it takes…for sb. to do sth.句型.
It usually takes ten minutes for a taxi to get to the hotel.
c)What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to work, good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways. 所有这些组织都有一个共同的目标, 那就是要求得到尊重, 享有工作的权利, 有良好的住房条件, 能获得教育, 能在各方面与其他人平等对待.
what在此做关系代词, 引出一个主语从句, what在从句中作have的宾语. 又如:
What he often keeps in mind is how to serve the people well.
equal to是固定搭配. 在此句中是形容词短语, 用作主语补足语, 意为 “与……平等或相等”.
如:
Everyone was born equal to one another.
四、语法复习
(一) 情态动词的某些特殊用法
情态动词的一些习惯用法
1．Used to+动词原形（表过去的习惯）， 含有与现在比较的意思，即过去做，现在不做了。
would经常和表示过去时间的短语或句子连用，或通过上下文可明确是过去的事，而 used to则不必。
如：
He used to smoke.
他过去总是抽烟。（但现在不抽了）
When he was young he would smoke a lot.
年轻时，他总是抽很多烟。（现在也许抽，也许不抽）
2．be used to sth. (doing sth.)习惯于
Li Ming was used to sitting up all night during the war.
战争期间，李明习惯于熬夜。
3．表“宁愿做某事”的习惯表达
would do something
would rather do than do somethingn
would do something rather than do something
would rather sb. did something
prefer to do something
prefer to do rather than do something
prefer doing something to doing something
应熟记其结构, 以便应付高考
can’t…too/enough越……越好，无论……也不过分
You can not be too/enough careful when crossing the street
过马路时，你越小心越好。/再小心也不过分
3．can not but +do sth.
不得不，只好
I can not but admire your bravery.
我不得不佩服你的勇气。
I could not but choose to go
我只好去。
（二）被动语态
被动语态常用在没有必要或不可能说明动作的执行者的句子里，被动语态由be+动词的过去分词构成，应该注意的是：语态变化要在动词上体现，助动词放在动词前。
一、被动语态的构成：
1．一般现在时：am/is/are done
2．现在进行时：am/is/are being done
3．在完成时：have/has been done
4．一般将来时：will be done
5．将来完成时：will have been done
6．一般过去时：was/were done
7．过去进行时：was/were doing
8．过去完成时：had been done
9．过去将来时：would be done
二、被动语态的用法：
1．没有必要或不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
Teachers are needed everywhere in China.
在中国到处都需要老师。
Smoking is not allowed here.
禁止抽烟。
Such sign can be seen in many places on freeway.
在高速公路上到处都能看到这样的牌子。
2．似下列无主语句子已构成固定句子。
It’s said…据说
It’s reported…据报道
It’s believed that…大家相信
It’s thought that...大家认为
It’s known that…众所周知
It’s must be pointed out that…必须指出
It is taken for granted that…被视为当然
3．汉语中，当主语泛指某些人时，往往用被动语态。
When he was asked to have a rest, he always smiled and said, “Thank you, but I’m not tired.”
当人们请他休息时，他总是笑笑说“谢谢，我不累”。
4．需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，往往用被动语态， 用“为……所，受……”词语来表达。
The delegation was warmly welcomed.
代表团受到热烈欢迎。
三． 注意事项
1． 注意断语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态，切不可丢掉后边的介词或副词。
The old man was often laughed at.
那位老人经常被人嘲笑。
Time must be made good use of.
时间一定要充分利用。
The doctor has been sent for.
已经派人去请大夫了。
The plan will be given up.
那计划要被放弃了。
He must be prevented from going.
必须阻止他去。
2． get+过去分词可表示被动，此用法较口语化。
He got married last week.
他上周结婚了。
The relics get damaged.
文物遭到了破坏。
3． 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况。
（1）感观动词表状态或结果时，这类动词有：
smile, smell, sound, seem., look, remain, prove, appear, fall, turn
The milk smells slightly sour.
这牛奶有点酸了。
（2）当宾语起状语作用时，表示重量“数量、大小、程度”时，这类词有：
cost, weigh, number, keep, sell, drink, wash
The jade weighs one ton.
The book sells good.
（3）“主语+have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型不能变为被动语态，因为它本身即具有被动含义。
I had my tooth pulled yesterday. 不能说成 I had my tooth to be pulled yesterday.
（4）当宾语是不定式或动名词时：
We all want to be teachers.
They enjoy playing cards in the evening.
4． 用主动语态表被动语态的含义：
（1）be worth doing sth.
The novel is well worth reading.
（2）主语+want/need/require/doing（=to be done）此句型主语大多为物
The flowers need/require/want watering (to be watered).
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] attempt 用作名词，“努力，尝试，企图”的意思。attempt 也可用作及物动词。
[考例1] A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.
A．advised B．attended C．attempted D．admitted
[点拨] 选C。句义是：“一个涉嫌参与昨夜谋杀的人正在接受审讯”。
[考点] which 引导非限定性定语从句，关系代词which 在从句中作介词in 的宾语，介词in可以提前。
[考例2] The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A．for which B．at which C．in which D．on which
[点拨] 选C。in which 表示“在这个英语话剧中”。
[考点] 动词-ing短语作定语。
[考例3] When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.
A． wearing B． to wear C．worn D．having worn
[点拨] 选A。wearing 现在分词作定语，表示“正穿着”。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．The two friends ________ (分享)all that they had when they were studying abroad.
2．The ______ (气候) here doesn’t agree with me clearly.
3．The ______ (平均) age of the students in our class is fifteen.
4．Bird ______ (流感) can spread quickly if the government didn’t take quick actions.
5．After he finished the ______ (实验), he draw a conclusion.
6．The t_____ of the article is “On Value”.
7．The c_____ needle always points south at any time.
8．At present the doctor can’t c_____ her of her cancer.
9．Our school supplies us with modern office e_______.
10．You’d better f_____ the doctor’s instructions.
二、单项选择
1．Nuclear science should be developed to ______the people rather than harm them.
A．benefit B．contribute C．protect D．affect
2．For more than 20 years, we’ve been supporting educational programs that ______from kindergartens to colleges.
A． spread B．move C．shift D． range
3．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ______a magazine.
A．absorbing in B．absorbed in C．absorbing to D．absorbed to
4. The teacher asked a difficult question, but Ted, finally, managed to ______a good answer.
A． put up with B．keep up with C．come up with D．go through with
5．We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______for Friday’s performance.
A．available B． spare C．convenient D．affordable
6．He was thrown into prison for being ______the march the day before.
A．by B．for C．on D．at
7．Smoking is bad for health. It is ______in many public places.
A． refused B． rejected C．forbidden D． prevented
8．Before the operation, the doctor ______the nurse to be careful.
A．kept B．demanded C．required D．hoped
9．In 1965, a new Voting Rights Bill became law, ______all black people had the right to vote from then on.
A． that B．by which C． by what D． which
10． –What do you think of this piece of wood?
--I’m sure it ______a very good shelf.
A． will make B． is making C．is made D． can be made
【能力拓展】
Misery and setbacks are not always as terrible as one imagines. Hard times can offer new ways of looking at life that would otherwise never be known. And, if you are a writer, this can be the source of much of your success.
Popular British author, Charles Dickens' (1812-1870) family could hardly make ends meet (入不敷出). They could only afford to send one of their six children to school.
Dickens was not that child.
His parents chose to send a daughter, who had a talent for music, to an academy. Then at the age of 12, Dickens' life took another turn for the worse.
His father, a clerk, was placed in prison for unpaid debts. And, being the oldest male left at home, Dickens took up work at a factory. His horrible experience there became the fuel for his future writing.
His father was freed three months later and inherited (继承) a small amount of money. Dickens was then sent to school.
From 1836 to 1837, he wrote a monthly series of stories. Thus the “Pickwick Papers” (《匹克威克外传》), came into being, which brought fame to the 23-year-old man.
Throughout his career, Dickens covers various situations in his novels. He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in “Oliver Twist” (《雾都孤儿》), the French Revolution in “Tale of Two Cities”, and social reform in “Hard Times” (《艰难时世》). He also wrote “David Copperfield” (《大卫科波菲尔》), a book thought to be based on his own life.
“I do not write bitterly or angrily: for I know all these things have worked together to make me what I am,” he once said.
His difficult childhood did indeed shape the person he became, as well as his writing career. There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.
Like the author, all these characters come from poor beginnings and are able to rise above their setbacks and achieve success.
“Minds, like bodies, will often fall into an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,” he once wrote.
On June 9th, 1870, aged 58, Dickens died, leaving one unfinished work. The words on his tombstone read: “He was a sympathizer (同情者) to the poor, the suffering and the oppressed (受压迫者), and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.”
1．The book that called public attention to Dickens was ______.
A．the Pickwick Papers B．Oliver Twist
C． Tale of Two Cities D． David Copperfield
2．The phrase “shades of” in bold means “_____”.
A．various shapes of B．situations of
C． different experiences D．reminders of
3．How did Dickens see his childhood?
A．He felt grateful for it.
B．He felt it a pity that things weren’t in his favour.
C．He loved writing about it.
D．He chose to forget the bitterness about it.
4．From the story, we can see Dickens’ attitude towards an easy life is ______.
A．to enjoy it B．to hate it
C．not to indulge in (沉湎于) it D．to work hard for it
参考答案
高二部分
Units 13-14 (B2)
基础演练
一、1． shared 2．climate 3．average 4．flu 5．experiment 6．title
7．campus 8．cure 9．equipments 10．follow
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A
能力拓展
1-4 ADAC
1． A 细节题。文中 From 1836 to 1837, he wrote a monthly series of stories. Thus the “Pickwick Papers”, came into being, which brought fame to the 23-year-old man.一段说明让23岁的狄更斯出名的作品是: the “Pickwick Papers”。
2． D 猜词义。得出答案。
3． A 推断题。从文章第一段, 及引用DICKENS 的几句话,我们可以推断出: DICKENS对自己童年经历的态度和看法。 容易误选C。 C项只提供了一个事实, 并不能反映态度。
4． C 推断题。文中“Minds, like bodies, will often fall into an ill-conditioned state from too much comfort,” he once wrote. 一段明显流露出他的观点。
篇7：高中二年级英语学案Units 11-12 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．英语中常见的复合宾语主要有以下几种类型:
（1）名词 (或代词)+形容词.
例如：
He said waltzes made him dizzy.
他说华尔滋舞使他头晕.
She had proved them all wrong.
她证明他们全错了
（2）名词 (或代词)+名词.
例如:
He appointed her Secretary of State.
他任命她为国务卿.
They call this numerical control.
他们把这称作数字控制
（3）名词 (或代词)+不定式.
例如:
He told me to be cautious.
他要我谨慎
I often saw him do this.
我常常看到他这样做.
（4）名词 (或代词)+分词.
例如:
He saw two men fighting in the street.
他看见两个人在街上打架.
I’ll get your blood tested.
我让人给你验一下血
（5）名词 (或代词)+介词短语或副词.
例如:
I found her in excellent condition.
我发现她处于极佳状态
You won’t find him in at this time.
这时候你不会在家里找到他
2．matter
（1）matter当 “物质”讲, 是不可数名词.
如:
Most matter has three states.
大多数物质具有三种状态.
（2） matter 当 “事情， 问题”讲, 是可数名词.
如:
Don’t do bthat. It will only make matters worse.
别这么干, 那只会把事情搞得更糟糕
（3）matter还可以表示 “麻烦事, 毛病”, 是可数名词, 通常表示 “什么事, 怎么了”.
例如:
Is anything the matter?
有什么问题吗?
（4）matter还可以作为动词, 意思是 “关系重要, 要紧”.
例如:
He said it didn’t matter whether we stayed or went.
他说, 我们去不去都可以
（5）同义词: material, substance 物质, 物体;
affair, thing, business事情, 情况, 事态;
problem, question, issue (讨论, 考虑)的问题;
trouble, problem, worry毛病, 麻烦事
（6）习语:
a matter of大约
matter cycle物质循环
as a matter of fact事实上
in the matter of至于, 关于
matter in hand当前问题
matter of personal whim个人好恶问题
matter in dispute争执事件
matter of expediency 权益之计
matter energy物质能量
matter of record有案可查的事项
二、词义辨析
1．below; under; beneath; down; underneath的区别
（1）below指高度低于某物, 但不一定在其正下方.
如:
We are below the stars
我们在星光下
（2）under指在某物的正下方, 或直接低于.
如:
He stood under a tree.
他站在一棵树下
（3） beneath是正式用词, 并有紧接, 靠近的意思.
如:
He lies beneath the ground.
他长眠于地下
（4）down常与表示动作的动词连用, 指从高至低的运动.
如:
The sun went down.
太阳落山了
(5). underneath制某物的直接下面.
如:
Someone was pushing underneath.
有人在下面推.
2．huge; enormous; gigantic; immense; vast的区别
（1）Huge “巨大的”, 通常指体积的巨大.
如:
I saw a huge dog in the street.
我在街上看到一条很大的狗.
（2）enormous指超出比例的, 异常的和过分的 “巨大的”.
如:
The fat man in the circus is enormous.
马戏团里的那个胖子太胖了.
（3）gigantic指有如巨人一般 “巨大”.
例如:
He has a gigantic appetite and eats gigantic meals.
他的食量很大, 能吃很多东西.
（4）immense指各方面都极大, 非一般标准所能衡量.
如:
The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be immense.
太阳和地球间的距离可以说是巨大的
（5）vast通常指范围”巨大的”.
例如:
There is a vast expanse of desert in Sinkiang.
新疆有一片广阔的沙漠
三、重点句型
a）In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine. 在他们努力求生时, 发现自己就在怪兽的身体表面上, 结果怪兽竟然是一艘潜水艇.
in one’s efforts to do sth. “在某人试图做某事时”, 通常在句中作状语.
如:
In his efforts to come to work earlier, he got caught in a traffic jam.
find oneself +介词短语，意为“（突然）发现自己处在。。。。。。”。
如：
On hearing this, I found myself in an embarrassing position.
b）Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就, 其中许多很有可能就诞生在北京的西北部.
whatever在此引出一个让步状语从句, 相当于no matter what, 意为 “无论; 不管”.
如:
Whatever you many think, I’m going ahead with my plans.
it is likely that…是常见句型, 其中it是形式主语, that从句作句子的真主语.
如:
It is likely that we will be given another chance.
c）At the beginning of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, one of his most famous novels, ships are disappearing all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster. <<海底两万里>>是他最有名的小说之一, 该书的开头描写: 全世界的轮船都快全部消失了, 这据说是一个海洋水怪造成的.
it指前文中的ships are disappearing这件事, 这是it的用法之一.
如:
There is a lot of air in loose, and it helps to keep the cold out.
be believed to…是固定句式, 意为 “据说, 人们认为, 有人相信”, 其中不定式有几种变化:to be…; to do…; to be doing; to have done.
如:
The little boy is believed to be sleeping in the room.
四、语法复习
1．部分否定:
英语中的概括词all, every, both, 以及与every构成的合成词everybody, everything用于not否定句时, 只表示部分否定, 常译成 “并非……都”.
例如:
Both of the books were not published in Britain
这两本书不都是在英国出版的.
Everything isn’t ready.
并不是一切都准备好了
Not everyone likes this garden.
并不是每个人都喜欢这个花园.
以上句子如果表达全部否定, 则必须运用完全否定词语none, neither, no one, nothing等.
例如:
None of the answers are correct.
所以答案都错了
Neither of the books are published in Britain .
这两本书都不是在英国出版的
Nothing is ready.
什么都没准备好
No one likes this garden.
没有人喜欢这个花园.
[注意]任何人不经允许不能离开这个聚会
[误]Anybody can’t leave the party without permission.
[正]Nobody can leave the party without permission
any…not的表达形式不符合英语习惯.
2．现在分词和不定式均可作结果状语, 区别如下:
分词作结果状语, 通常表示一个比较自然的, 意料之中的结果, 是主句谓语动词动作的直接结果. 不定式作结果状语, 通常表示发生的一个出乎意料, 事先没有想到的结果.
例如:
He hurried to the station. Only to find the train had gone.
他急急忙忙赶到车站, 结果发现火车已经开走了. (他未料到)
He lifted a rock only to have it drop on his own feet.
他搬起石头, 结果却砸了自己的脚.
3．构成法(一)----合成法
合成词的概念
将两个或两个以上的词组合在一起而形成新的词, 叫做合成词.
如:
international, worldwide, telephone, broadband, mankind, extremely, hi-tech, e-mail
合成形容词的常见构成方式:
1．形容词+名词+ed: kind-hearted, cold-blooded
2．形容词+doing: good-looking, easy-going, finesounding
3．名词+doing: eye-catching, painstaking, peaceloving, breath-taking
4．副词+done: widespread, widely-used, wellknown
5．名词+形容词: homesick, carefree, seasick, airsick
6．基数词+名词+形容词:four-year-old, twometer-tall, ten-foot-deep
合成名词的常见构词方式:
7．名词+名词:bookworm, silkworm, blood-test
8．doing+名词:sleeping-car, washing-machine, sleeping-pill
9．动词+名词:pick-pocket, break-water
10．名词+doing: handwriting, sun-bathing, sand-bathing
11．动词+副词:break-through, get-together
合成动词的构成方式:
12．名词+动词:sleep-walk
13．副词+动词:overthrow, undergo, undertake
14．形容词+动词:blacklist, white-wash
其他常见合成词: maybe, myself, moreover, forever, everything, however, nevertheless
5．构词法(二)---派生法
派生词一般由词根 (root)+前缀 (prefix)/后缀 (suffix)构成
构成方式
1．加前缀:词义变化,但词性不变. 反义词常用词缀如下:
前缀 意思 例 子
Un- 不 unhappy untrue uncomfortable
做相反的动作 uncover undo unpack
Dis- 不 dislike dishonest disagree
做相反的动作 disown disinfect disconnect
In- 不 informal inaccurate inconvenient
Im- 不 impossible impolite immoral
Ir- 不 irregular irresistible irresponsible
Il- 不 illegal illogical illegitimate
Non- 非 Non-violence Non-smoker Non-conductor
2．表示其他意思的常用前缀:
re-:重新, 再, 又; mis-:错误地; co-:共同地, 合作的; anti-:反对; over-:过于, 过火; under-:不够; ex-:前任的,向外的, 多余的; pre-:预先, 在…之前; post-:之后的; super: 超级的; sub-:次……,亚……; inter-:相互的; tele-:远距离的; trans-:跨越, 移植, 转移; micro-:微观的; macro:宏观的; mini-:特小的; max-特大的; semi-:半; mono-:单; bi-:双; tri-:三; multi-:多; auto-:自动的
3．个别前缀可以引起词性的变化:en-+名词或形容词=动词(encage, enlarge, enrich, encase, endanger); a-+名词=形容词或副词(asleep, aside, aboard, arise, awake)
常用名词后缀以及例子:
后 缀 例 子
-er reader thinker Pain-killer
-or actor sailor transistor
-ist scientist socialist dentist
-ee (表承受者) employee interviewee examinee
-ess (表阴性) hostess waitress tigress
-ian musician magician technician
-ese Chinese Japanese Pekinese
-ism(主义) socialism racism heroism
-(a)tion attraction dictation addiction
-ion explosion revision decision
-ship membership citizenship partnership
-hood Motherhood childhood brotherhood
-age shortage leakage postage
-al arrival survival refusal
-ure pleasure exposure pressure
-dom freedom kingdom condom
-th warmth width depth
-ance resistance reliance assistance
-ence dependence persistence reference
-ful plateful mouthful handful
常用形容词后缀以及例子:
后 缀 例 子
-ful hopeful peaceful grateful
-less careless homeless fearless
-ish childish selfish reddish
-ive active decisive destructive
-ous dangerous famous enormous
-able capable drinkable agreeable
-ic realistic scientific artistic
-ly friendly lively daily
-y rainy sunny snowy
-ent different current independent
-ary imaginary revolutionary secondary
-some troublesome awesome handsome
-en golden wooden woolen
-an European Canadian Russian
-like childlike gentlemanlike manlike
其他常见词性的后缀:
后 缀 例 子
动 词 -ize (使…化) popularize realize modernize
-en deepen widen strengthen
-ify beautify amplify simplify
副 词 -ly really happily terribly
-ward backward forward homeward
-wise otherwise clockwise likewise
数 词 -teen fourteen nineteen fifteen
-ty forty ninety fifty
-th forth ninth fifth
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考点] 名词性从句作表语。
[考例1] Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ________ it was 20 years ago, ________ it was so poorly equipped.
A．what; when B．that; which C． what; which D．which; that
[点拨] 选A。what引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语；when引导非限定性定语从句。全句的意思是：“它不再是20前设备简陋的时候那个样子了。”
[考点] attract 用作及物动词，“吸引，招引”的意思。
[考例2] The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ________ new customers to its stores.
A．join B．attract C．stick D．transfer
[点拨] 选B。句义是：“那家公司正开始新的广告战役来吸引顾客到它的商场买东西。”
[考点] 名词性从句作宾语。
[考例3] I want to know ________ the thief was caught on the spot.
A．which B．that C．what D．whether
[点拨] 选D。句义是：“我想知道小偷是否被当场抓获的。” whether 引导宾语从句， 表示“是否”。这里whether可以用if 替换，但引导主语从句，表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。例如：Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （这句话中whether 引导从句是主语从句，不能用 if 替换。）
[考点] that引导的名词性从句作主语。由于主语从句较长，为平衡句子结构，常用it 作形式主语。
[考例4] ________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A．What is required B．What requires C．It is required D．It requires
[点拨] 选D。it 是形式主语， that引导的从句是真正的主语。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Different countries have different ________ (节日) all over the world.
2．In China people give gifts of m_______ when the Mid-Autumn Festival comes.
3．You can i______ your vocabulary by reading English Newspapers.
4．The o______ of this old custom is still unknown.
5．I must a_______ for not being able to meet you on time.
6．It’s ________ (明显) he is lying to his father.
7． he shopping mall is full of _________ (顾客).
8．After the disease she ate more v______ like beans, potatoes and mushrooms.
9．Playing piano well requires a lot of p______.
10．There has been a 50% growth in the _______(市场) for personal computers.
二、单项填空
1．We’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is ______to come this evening.
A．likely B．possible C．probable D．believable
2．The President is now on a visit to Russia, ______at expanding relations between the two countries.
A． aims B．to aiming C．being aimed D．aimed
3．This experiment turned out to be ______failure, but, as we know, success often comes after ______failure.
A． a; a B．不填; 不填 C．a; 不填 D．不填; a
4．To my delight, I found the new flat ______in pleasant surroundings.
A．located B．locating C．to locate D．being located
5．These doctors are busy day and night, ______a cure for ALDS.
A．bringing on B．pulling on C．taking on D．working on
6．You are smart, diligent and determined, which, I’m sure, will ______this plan a success.
A．get B．lead to C．cause D． make
7．Suddenly there came a cry for help from the river, which attracted his ______.
A．care B．concern C．eye D． attention
8．Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate ______me for help.
A．asking B．to ask C．in asking D． to asking
9．Jules’ father sent him to Paris to study law, but ______he developed his love for the theatre.
A．besides B．moreover C．therefore D．instead
10．We were surprised that your parents came with us and spent the whole day ______in the snow.
A．to play B．played C．playing D．to playing
【能力拓展】
阅读理解：
It is predicted that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.
We’ll know where we came from. Why does the universe exist? To put it another way, why is there something instead of nothing? Since the 1920s, scientists have known the universe is expanding, which means it must have started at a definite time in the past. They even have developed theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution(演变) of the universe.
We’ll crack（破译）the genetic（基因）code and conquer cancer. Thanks to 20th-century antibiotics, the once dreaded, once incurable disease now can mean nothing more serious than taking some pills. As scientists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work, many serious diseases ---cancer, for one ---will become less threatening. Using manufactured “therapeutic”(治疗的) viruses, doctors will be able to replace cancer-causing damaged DNA with healthy genes.
We’ll live longer (120 years?). If the normal aging process is basically an invisible contest in our cells ---a contest between damage to our DNA and our cells’ ability to repair that damage ---then 21st –century progress in genetic medicine may let us control and even reverse the process.
We’ll manage Earth. In the 21st century, we’ll stop talking about the weather but will do something about it. We’ll gradually learn how to predict the effects of human activity on the Earth, its climate and its ecosystems(生态系统). And with that knowledge will come an increasing willingness to use it to manage the workings of our planet.
We’ll have a brain “road map”. This is the real “final frontier” of the 21st century: The brain is the most complex system we know. It contains about 100 billion neurons, each connected to as many as 1,000 others.
1．In the 20th century, __________ made the serious disease become curable.
A．genetic code B．healthy genes C． antibiotics D．DNA
2．Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
A．In the 21st century, we will be more willing to manage the working of our planet
B．The brain contains about 1000 billion neurons.
C．The 21st century progress in genetic may let us control the aging process.
D．The universe must have started at a definite time in the past.
3．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．People will live longer and become much stronger in the 21st century.
B．There will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century
C．Science will develop more quickly in the 21st century.
D．People will know more about our world
参考答案
高二部分
Units 11-12 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．festivals 2．mooncakes 3．improve 4．origin 5． apologize 6．obvious 7． customers 8．vegetables 9． practice 10．market
二、1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．C
能力拓展
1-3 CBB
1． C 从第三段Thanks to 20th-century antibiotics, the once dreaded, once incurable disease now can mean nothing more serious than taking some pills看出，20世纪多亏了抗生素antibiotics的出现，曾经那样可怕的不治之症现在成了服点药片就万事大吉的事情了。
2． B 从“The brain is the most complex system we know. It contains about 100 billion neurons”看出B是不对的。
3． B 主旨大意题，文章第一段就开门见山的说了据预测21世界科学将出现五大突破。
篇8：高中二年级英语学案Units 1-2 (B2)(人教版高二英语上册学案设计)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1. observe
（1）. observe后可接名词作宾语, 也可接that从句, 它还是个感官动词, 可以说observe sb do/doing sth, 被动结构为be observed to do. 例如:
As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects.
他小时候喜欢观察昆虫的习性. (接名词)
I spent some time observing their customs.
我花了一些时间观察它们的生活习惯. (接名词)
She observed a man walking/walk on the opposite side of the way.
她看到一个人在路那边走着. (接复合宾语)
They were observed entering the hall.
有人看见他们走进大厅去了. (接现在分词)
The woman was observed to follow him closely.
有人看到那女子紧跟着他. (被动语态中接带to的不定式)
He observed someone open the door.
他看见有人开门. (接复合宾语)
The boy observed what is going on between them.
这男孩子注意到他们之间发生的情况. (接从句)
（2）. 在正式文体中, observe还有 “遵守; 应祝”的意思. 例如:
We must observe these principles in our action.
在行动上我们必须遵循这些原则.
Do you observe Christmas in you country?
你们国家过圣诞节吗?
（3）.习语: the observed of all observers众矢之的
（4）.近义词: watch v.观察
2. seek
（1）. seek可用作及物动词, 也可用作不及物动词. 用作不及物动词时, 后常接介词for或after. 例如:
Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.
大多数人寻求财富; 每个人都追求幸福.
He seeks your advice.
他请求你给他一些忠告.
Young people like to seek (after/for) success in life.
年轻人喜欢探索人生的成功之途
The explanation is not far to seek.
这种解释不难理解.
（2）.习语: seek out搜出; 挑出.
seek help求助
seek one’s fortune碰运气
seek one’s home回家
seek one’s bed就寝
seek after/ for探索
seek through找遍
（3）.近义词: explore v. 探索
3． addict
（1）. addict是名词, 表示因吸毒或饮酒等 “有瘾的人”, 或对某事有强烈兴趣的人, 是可数名词.
例如：
Many heroin addicts have contracted ALDS.
许多吸食海洛因的人感染了艾滋病.
His brother is a football addict
他的弟弟是个足球迷
（2）. Addicted[ ]是其形容词, 常用于be addicted to sth结构中, 表示 “沉溺于……”. 在句中作表语, 不能作定语修饰名词.
例如:
He was addicted to drug.
他吸毒成瘾
Her sister is addicted to TV soap operas.
她妹妹沉迷于电视连续剧
4．concern
（1） concern作动词, 表示 “担心”的意思时, 常与about/for连用, 也可以跟that从句.
例如:
I was much concerned about her.
我很担心她.
We’re all concerned for her safety.
我们都为她的安全担心.
I’m concerned that they may have got lost.
我担心他们可能迷路.
（2）. concern作名词, 意思是 “关怀; 关心”.
例如:
He didn’t show much concern about it
他对此不是很关心.
（3）习语: be concerned with与……有牵连
be concerned about/for 关心; 担心
二、词义辨析
1．instead of, in place of和in spite of的区别
（1）. instead of是短语介词, 表示 “代替”的意义时, 还含有 “对比”的意思, 译成汉语时, “代替”两词不一定译出. instead of常常和in place of互相使用, 其后常可用名词, 代词, 动名词.
例如:
If you have no time, I’ll go instead of/in place of you.
如果你没有时间, 我愿替你去.
We use plastics instead of/in place of iron.
我们用塑料代替铁.
（2）.有时候instead of还能起连词作用, 常译为 “反而; 而不”.
例如:
Things will be better instead of worse.
事情将更好而不会更糟.
（3）. in spite of是 “不管; 不顾; 尽管” 的意思, 后跟名词或名词短语.
例如:
In spite of all his efforts he failed
他已竭尽全力, 但仍然失败了.
They went out in spite of rain
尽管下着雨, 他们还是出去了.
observe, notice, look, see, watch, stare, glare和glance的区别
（1）. observe是及物动词, 意为watch carefully, see and notice, 表示 “观察; 注意地看; 仔细地看”等意思.
例如:
I spent some time observing their customs.
我花了一些时间观察它们的生活习惯.
（2）. notice也是及物动词, 意为pay attention (to) with wyes, 表示 “注意到”的意思.
例如:
I noticed him enter the office.
我看到他走进办公室.
（3）. look; watch; try to see指有意识地使视线对着某物, 强调动作. look是不及物动词, 如跟宾语, 要和at连用, 强调注意的是其后的宾语.
例如:
The old lady was looking at him from head to foot.
这位老妇人从头到脚地看着他.
I am looking at the boy.
我注视着这孩子.
（4）. see强调结果, 意为 “看见; 看到” (notice sb/sth with one’s eyes); 强调结果.
例如:
I looked but saw nothing.
我看了, 但什么也没看见.
（5）. watch侧重所看事物的变化, 移动和发展(to look at something which is happening), 指有意识地以期待, 警觉等心情看上一段时间, 强调注意的是它后面的宾语.
例如:
We watched that boy swim.
我们观看那个男孩游泳
I am watching the boy.
我在注视这孩子的举动
[注意]根据习惯,看电视用watch,看电影用see.
（6）. stare指 “睁大眼睛出神地看, 注视” (look at someone or something with wide open eyes for a long time) ,这种注视出于惊讶, 好奇, 恐惧, 有时是粗鲁无礼, 与at连用.
例如:
The little boy stared at the stranger for a few minutes before answering his questions.
这个小男孩惊讶地睁大眼睛望了那个陌生人好几分钟, 才回答他的问题
（7）. glare指 “怒视” (to look angrily), 强调敌对或威胁的态度, 与at连用.
例如:
He glared at the naughty children.
他瞪了那些淘气的孩子一眼.
（8）. glance指 “瞥视, 匆匆一看” (take a quick look), 与at连用.
例如:
She glanced shyly at him out of the corner of her eyes.
她羞涩地用眼角打了他一眼.
3．辨析more than, no more than, more… than, not more than
请翻译下列句子:
1．The speed is more than 80 miles per hour.
2．The villagers were more than glad to help those tourists.
3．All his education added up to no more than one year.
4．There were not more than a hundred people at the meeting.
5．She is more thoughtless than stupid.
Key：1．时速超过了80英里。（more than 多于，超过）
2． 乡亲们很愿意帮助那些游客。（more than 不只是）
3． 他所受的教育加起来不到一年。（no more than 仅仅，只有，少于）
4． 大概不到一百人参加了会议。（not more than 不超过，不多于）
5． 与其说她笨，倒不如说她粗心大意。（ more．．． than 与其说．．．倒不如说．．．）
三、重点句型
1．There did not seem much point in working on my PhD ---- I did not expect to survive that long.
There is no point （in） doing sth. “做某事没有作用或意义”, 类似的句型有: There is no sense （in） doing sth.
例如:
There seems little point protesting; it won’t help.
There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.
2．What if…如果…将会怎样; 即使…又有什么要紧。
例如：
What if he finds out that you have lost her book?
What if…还可以用来表示建议、邀请、要求等。例如：
What if you go instead of me?
3．Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report, how to report them, and why.
What events to report 是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。此结构中的不定式与前面的疑问代词有动宾关系，但不定式要用主动形式。
例如：
I really don’t know what to write at the moment.
4．The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated.
Leading to…. 是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。
例如：
Her father died in 1979, leaving her with four younger sisters.
四、语法复习
（一）动词不定式
动词不定形式：to+动词原形；或者省略to.
没有人称和数量的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中作谓语以外的成分。
1．作主语：What does it mean to be a scientist?
2．作宾语：People who listen to Hawking’s lecture find it difficult to understand him.
3．作表语：Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.
4．作宾语补足语: He told me to bring some books for you.
5．作定语：The doctor told him he might not have more than twelve months to live.
6．作结果状语：Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about this work in a way that ordinary people could understand.
7．目的状语：In order to get married, I needed a job, and in order to get a job, I needed a PhD.
8．某些固定的形容词搭配用于口语中，例如：Glad to meet you. Sorry to trouble you.
9．和常见的疑问词搭配作动词的宾语，相当于宾语从句（宾语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致）。
例如：
I don’t know what to say/what I should say. Could you tell me when to start/when I should start?
（二）过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词在句子中可以作定语、状语、表语和补足语，通常与句子中的某个名词有逻辑上的被动关系，有时还表示动作的完成或者状态。
1．作定语：单个的过去分词作定语放在名词的前面，过去分词词组作定语放在名词的后面，有时相当于非限制性定语从句。
例如：
a broken glass, the used books, in an organized way, experienced editor
Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics to China.
I want to wrote about people addicted to drugs/who are addicted to drugs.
过去分词作后置定语时，有时有时态的区别，
例如：
Do you live in the building built last year?
I will live in the building being built now.
The building to be built will be for teaching.
过去分词作定语表示被动的和已经发生的动作；现在分词作定语表示主动和的和正在发生的动作。
例如：
fallen leaves, falling leaves, fading flowers, faded flowers, boiling water, boiled water
1．作表语：表示事物或人所处的状态:
We were all surprised at his arrival.
This cup is broken.
My sister feels very interested in cooking.
过去分词作表语表示主语的状态是由于外界而引起，而现在分词作表语表示主语是动作的发出者，“令人……的”，
例如：
This snake is so frightening that the bravest boys are frightened at it.
He is interested in this interesting game.
This climbing is tiring and they are all tired now.
过去分词作表语表示状态，而被动语态表示动作。
例如：
This cup is broken.
This cup was broken by a careless boy.
He is well educated.
He was well educated in a famous college.
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] _______ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out C．Find out D．Having found out
[点拨] 选A。动词不定式作目的状语。To find out more about university course表示拨打这个电话的目的。
[考例2] I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________?
A．to be buying B．to buy C．for buying D．bought
[点拨] 选B。动词不定式作定语。意思是：你有什么要买的东西吗？
[考例3] The weather ______ to be very good, which was more than we could expected.
A．made out B．turned out C．went out D．carried out
[点拨] 选B。make out 起草， 辨认出，理解； turn out 结果是，证明是，生产； go out 外出，熄灭，不流行；carry out 完成，执行，实行。
[考例4] ______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A．To face B．Having faced C．Faced D．Facing
[点拨] 选C。face 作动词用意为“面临、面对”，常用于face sth 或be faced with sth.两种结构。这里face与主语Arnold有被动关系，要用过去分词作状语。
【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Medicine should not be left w_____ reach of small children.
2． In the accident the man suffered serious i_____ in both his head and legs.
3．Oh, your nose is b_________. Use a clean towel to stop it.
4． The nose is the o________ of smelling and the ears for hearing.
5．The factory are p________ our rivers with chemical waste.
6．The patient is receiving chemical t__________ because he has lung cancer.
7．He took a friendly ______ （态度）to us.
8．The police still do not have _________ （精确的）information on the number of people injured in the train accident.
9．Please state your name, address and _________（职业）in this form.
10．He felt a little bit ________ （内疚）after breaking his promise.
二．单项填空：
1． They are now in great need of help. So your support will certainly make a ______.
A．deal B．decision C．point D． difference
2．The climbers are ______after the long and hard trip. They need rest and food badly.
A． used up B．made up C．given out D．run out
3． It has been raining every day so far. I hope tomorrow will ______fine.
A． turn to B．turn up C．turn into D． turn out
4． Children are naturally ______about everything around them.
A． curious B．worried C．interested D．serious
5． ______ no doubt ______he can win the game this time.
A．There’s; that B．There’s; whether C．It’s; that D．It’s; whether
6． To our delight she quickly adapted herself ______ the situation.
A． with B． of C．to D．into
7． He ______badly injured in the accident and was taken to hospital immediately.
A． made B．got C．received D．suffered
8．In order to keep their trade ______, they would have to buy less goods in the United States.
A． balanced B．balancing C．to balance D．being balanced
9．The old lady ______making clothes for her neighbor’s children.
A．engaged to B．was engaged to C．engaged in D．was engaged in
10． I never dreamed of there ______such a quiet place in the noisy city.
A．was B． had been C．being D．to be
【能力拓展】
完形填空:
In Britain, people have different attitudes to the police. Most people generally 1 them and the job they do – although there are certain people who do not believe that the police 2 have the power that do.
What does a policeman actually do? It is not 3 job to describe. After all, a policeman has a number of jobs in 4 . A policeman often has to control traffic, either 5 foot in the center of a town, or in a police car on the roads. Indeed, in Britain, he might be in the Traffic Police and spend all, or a lot of, his time 6 up and down main roads and motorways. A traffic policeman has to help keep the traffic moving, stop 7 motorists and help when there is an accident.
A policeman has to help keep the 8 , too. If there is a fight or some other disturbance, we 9 the police to come and restore order. And they often have to 10 situation at great risk to their own 11 .
We expect the police to solve crimes, of course, so an ordinary policeman, 12 he is not a detective (侦探), will often have to help 13 and arrest criminals.
And 14 do we call when there is an emergency – an air crash, a 15 , a road accident, or a robbery? We call the police. 16 policeman has to be 17 to face any unpleasant emergency that may happen in the 18 world.
The police do an absolutely necessary job, they do it 19 well and I support them, but I do not envy policemen, I do not think that I could 20 do the job of a policeman.
1． A．dislike B．join C．appreciate D． admire
2． A．should B． would C．could D．must
3． A．a funny B． a pleasant C． an interesting D． an easy
4． A．it B． one C． his D． them
5． A．on B． by C． under D． with
6． A．walking B． driving C． wandering D． searching
7． A．resting B． tired C．speeding D． drunken
8． A．peace B． silence C． situation D．condition
9． A．wait for B． call C．think of D． expect
10． A．turn to B． avoid C． deal with D．treat
11． A．safety B． families C． future D．friends
12． A．although B． as if C． however D．even if
13．A．get rid of B． question C． look for D．sentence
14． A．how B．where C． what D．who
15．A．power failure B． fire C． thunder storm D．thief
16． A．Yet B． Then C．As D．So
17．A．provided B． promised C．prepared D．presented
18．A．future B． modern C．real D．whole
19．A．extremely B．specially C．surprisingly D．particularly
20．A．hardly B． forever C．ever D．never
参考答案
高二部分
Units 1-2 (B2)
基础演练
一、1．within; 2．injuries; 3．bleeding; 4．organ; 5．polluting/ poisoning; 6．treatment; 7．attitude; 8． accurate; 9．occupation; 10．guilty
二、1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
能力拓展
1-5 CADBA 6-10 BCADC 11-15 ADCDB 16-20 DCBAC
1．C 根据下文作者的观点可以排除A、B项，作者非常“欣赏”警察的工作，而不是“羡慕”。
2．A should此处的意思是“应该”，此句的意思是“有一些人认为警察不应该有他们所拥有的权力”。
3．D 根据下文的描述，警察的工作种类很多，又充满危险，所以选an easy。
4．B 根据下文的叙述，警察要做的工作有很多，所以“ a number of jobs in one”。 这里的jobs的意思是“pieces of work, tasks（多种工作，任务）”。
5．A 此处“on foot”为固定词组。
6．B 在motorway上不能步行，只能开车，所以要用driving。
7．C 此处“speeding motorists”指的是超速行驶的机动车辆。选项“drunken”的意思是“喝醉酒的”，警察不可能一下子就判断出来哪个司机是喝醉酒的。
8．A 下文“there is a fight”告诉我们，警察的任务是要维护和平。
9． D此题考察动词及词组的意义。 wait for 意思是“等待某人”；call意思是“打电话”； expect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”；think of意思是“想起，想到”。D项最符合文中的意思“一旦有打架或者骚乱，人们就期待警察出现并维护秩序。”
10．C 面对的情况是需要处理的，所以选择词组deal with；动词treat的意思是“对待、治疗”。
11．A 警察在工作时会有危险，对他们的安全造成威胁。所以此处选safety。
12．D 这里的“although、even if”都可以引导让步状语从句，但是even if是一种不是事实的假设，而although与主句的关系为转折，此处警察不是侦探，所以选even if。
13．C 此题考察词组的意义区别。look for表示“寻找”；get rid of表示“摆脱，除掉”；question意思是“质问”；sentence作为动词意思是“判处，宣判”。此处的意思是“警察寻找并追捕犯罪分子。
14．D 根据下文的“we call the police”，选择疑问词who，指人。
15．B 根据前文的emergency（紧急情况），可以看出只有选项a fire（火灾）属于“紧急情况”。
16．D 由前文可以知道，当我们面对紧急情况时总是会找警察，所以按照意思顺下来，就应该用so表示“因此，结果 …”。
17．C 根据上文，面对emergency，警察随时随地都要“prepared”。另外，要注意词组“be prepared do to something”。
18．B in the modern world：在现代社会里。
19．A “extremely”在此处意思是“非常，极端”，此处是赞扬警察的工作非常好。
20．C 本句的否定前移了。当主句主语为第一人称、动词为think等词时，常用此否定前移结构，翻译成汉语应该是“我认为我不 …”。A、D项都是否定词，与not构成双重否定，意思不对；forever不合此语境。
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