英语动词的分类以及用法(集锦8篇)由网友“你是零”投稿提供,以下是小编为大家整理后的英语动词的分类以及用法,希望对您有所帮助。
篇1:英语动词的分类以及用法
■动态动词和静态动词
根据词义特点,行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。
■及物动词与不及物动词
根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词(vt. ) 后面要跟宾语,不及物动词(vi. ) 不跟宾语。如:
They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语,是不及物动词)
I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them,是及物动词)
注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如:
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
■延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:
[译]他离开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days.
[正]He left here three days ago.
[正]It’s three days since he left.
■限定动词与非限定动词
限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化(详见非谓语动词一章) 。如:
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要清洁了。(needs在句中用谓语,是限定动词;cleaning是动名词作needs的宾语,属非限定动词)
篇2:动词的分类及用法
一、什么是动词
动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:
the boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为
he is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态
二、动词的分类
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)行为动词
行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:
i live in beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住
it has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有
(二)连系动词
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:
we are in grade two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是
are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。
连系动词可具体分为三类:
1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如:
he is a teacher.(他是个教师。)
he was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)
we are chinese.(我们是中国人。)
2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如:
she looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)
i feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)
cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)
the story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
the flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
the mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)
3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:
she became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)
he feels sick. his face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
the weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)
he grew old.(他老了。)
[难点解释]
注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。
1、look看;看起来
he is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词
it looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词
2、fell摸;感觉
1)i felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词
are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词
3、smell嗅;闻起来
my little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词
great! the flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词
4、sound弄响,发音;听起来
the letter “h” in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词
the gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词
5、taste辨味;尝起来
please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词
the soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词
6、get得到,获得;变
there are some bananas on the table. each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词
7、grow生长,种植;变
do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词
it’s too late. it’s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词
8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变
the earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词
when spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词
上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:
the trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)
the earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为“转动”。无法以is替换。
(三)助动词
这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
he does not speak english well.(他英语讲得不好。)
句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
a dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)
句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)
句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。
(四)情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:
i can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
he can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t, 不必
may i come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以
第二节 及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
一、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:
give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)
if you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)
二、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
he works hard.(他工作努力。)
jack jruns faster than mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)
please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
he got and “a” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个“a”,因为他仔细地复习了功课。)
[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:
who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak, 不及物动词
few people outside china speak chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:
he is waiting for you.(他在等你。)
英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。
serve the people.(为人民服务。)
英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
exercise 1
指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词,并说明词义,例如:
all of us study hard.(vi. 学习)
1、he began to work at seven this morning.( )
2、i have left the key at home.( )
3、we must take the old woman to the hospital at once.( )
4、billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.( )
5、think it over, and you will have a good idea.( )
6、don’t think of yourself;think of others.( )
7、we are college students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.( )
8、mr. black got angry when he saw jenny come to school late again.( )
9、please wash your hands before each meal.( )
10、li ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.( )
exercise 2
区别下列多组句子中的动作,指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:
1、she looks well.( )
she tried to look at the blackboard but waw nothing.( )
2、the students felt unhappy.( )
i felt someone touch my back.( )
3、it was snowing hard when he got to the city.( )
it’s too late. it’s getting darker and darker.( )
4、the teacher asked the student to turn it over.( )
the leaves of the trees turn green when sping comes.( )
5、the young trees grow fast.( )
it began to grow dark.( )
6、the bell sounded at 12 o’clock for lunch.( )
the music sounds nice.( )
第三节 持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
一、持续性动词
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法
1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
he has studied english for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
he has joined the party.(他已入党了。)
mum isn’t at home. she has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
his parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
my mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
my parents have lived in shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:
(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
he has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined
she has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up
has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:
1、go——be away 2、come——be here
3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here)
5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep
7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on
9、finish——be over 10、open——be open
11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost
13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on
15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated
17、join——be in(…)或be a…member
18、become——be
(2)用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:
电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)
the film has been on for five minutes.
it’s five minutes since the film began.
他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)
he has been away from shanghai for three days.
it is three days since he left shanghai.
这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)
it’s two weeks since i returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
how long is it since be found his sister?
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:
i haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)
[补充说明]
1、本书基本上已把初中课本中的持续动词与瞬间性动词罗列出来,可供教师参考使用。
2、关于持续性动词与瞬间性动词的用法,可以结合现在完成时的教学一起进行。
exercise 3
一、选择正确的答案:
1、alice has (come, been) back for a week.
2、his grandmother has (been dead, died) for ten years.
3、when we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on) for a few minutes.
4、the lights have (turned on, been on) for over half a day.
5、have you (bought, had) the book on grammar for a week? yes, since last sunday.
二、用since和for翻译下列句子:
1、这本书我已借了两周了。
2、她离开这儿有5分钟了吗?
3、我弟弟入团已有半年多了。
4、joan来到我校已有两个月了。
5、他们相识有很长一段时间了。
第四节 情态动词
在本章第(一)节里我们已学过的动词分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。这一节要着重学习情态动词的特点及其用法。
初中阶段要学习和掌握的情态动词主要有can/could, may/might, must这几个最为常用的词,当然还需要了解学习need, dare等情态动词。
一、情态动词的主要特征
试比较下列几组句子,看情态动词的特点:
1、he borrows some books from the library.(他常从图书馆借些书。)
he can borrow some books from the library.(他可以从图书馆借到一些书。)can, 可以
2、i run fast.(我跑得快。)
i can’t run fast(我跑得不快。)can’t, 不会,不能
3、must he go now?(他必须现在走吗?)must, 必须
did he go last night?(他昨晚去了吗?)
4、they may be there.(他们可能在那儿。)may, 可能
they weren’t there.(他们不在那儿。)
从上述四组句子中,可以看出以下几个特点:
1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态,因词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。
2、情态动词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面(见例3);构成否定句时,not放在这些情态动词之后(见例2)。可用它们的缩写形式(can’t, cannot, mustn’t等)。
二、主要用法
下面四幅图简单地说明了can, may及must的用法。
前两幅中的两列火车说明了can和may这两个情态动词的用法。
后两幅分别说明must在不同的场合中的不同词义,分别可以表示“必须”(must do)、“一定”和“准是”(must be)的意思。
[补充说明]
1、用have to表示客观上的需要,意为“不得不”、“只是”;must则表示主观上的必须和说话人的意志,在间接引语中过去时也常用must。
2、有些时态用must无法表示,可用have to代替,如will have to(表示将来),had to(表示过去)。
3、can只有现在时和过去时,其他时态要用be able to。
三、具体用法
(一)can, could和be able to
1、表示能力,例如:
i can speak a little japanese.(我会说一点儿日语。)
she couldn’t speak chinese when she came to our school last month.(上月她来我校时还不会说中文。)
be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:
you will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in english next week.(下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。)
my little brother has been able to write.(我的小弟弟已会写字了。)
2、表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:
can/may i brother your bike tomorrow?
yes, of course. you can/may use my bike tomorrow.(明天我可以借你的自行车吗?当然可以。明天你可以用我的自行车。)
you can’t smoke here.(你不可以在这儿抽烟。)
3、表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如:
he cannot/can’t be there.(他不可能在那儿。)
can this news be true?(这消息可能直实吗?)
4、could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别。例如:
could/can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?(你能告诉我他明天是否去吗?)
could/can i ask you something if you are not busy?(如果您不太忙,我能否问您一些事情?)
could/can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?(您能给我指一下去最近的医院的路吗?)
(二)may和might
1、表示“准许”和“许可”,这时可与can替换。例如:
may (can) i use your dictionary for a moment?(我可以借你的字典用一下吗?)
may i take these magazines out of the reading room? no, you mustn’t.(我可以把这些杂志带出览室吗?不,不行。)
he asked me if he might go then.(他问我他是否可以走了。)
2、表示说话人的猜测,认为某事“可能”发生,例如:
where’s john? he may be at the library.(约翰在哪儿?他可能在图书馆。)
mr. green hasn’t talked with her. he may not know her.(格林先生还未曾与她谈过话,他可能不认识她。)
以上例子中的may be是情态动词may加be, 与maybe完全不同。后者是副词,解释为“或话”。例如:
he may be at home.(他可能在家。)
maybe he was at home.(或许他在家。)
3、might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和may没有时间上的差异。例如:might (may) i speak to you for a few minutes?(我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗?)
might i have a photo of your family?(我可以要一张你们的合家照吗?)
4、用于从句中表示目的,意为“以便能……”、“使……可以”,例如:
open your mouth wide, so that i may see clearly what’s wrong with your teeth.(把嘴张大些,以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。)
he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.(他把我的住址写了下来,以便能记牢。)
5、在用may提问时,否定回答常用mustn’t或may not表示“不行”、“不可以”。例如:
may i go now? no, you mustn’t. (我可以走了吗?不,不可以。)
(三)must
1、must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。例如:
i must go to school today.(今天我必须上学去。)
he told me i mustn’t leave until my mother came.(他告诉我,在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。)
2、must表示推测,“一定是”、“准是”,例如:
they must be very tired. let them have a rest.(他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。)
jack doesn’t look well. he must be ill.(杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。)
[难点解释]
1、have to表示“必须”、“不得不”,它不仅能代替must, 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,表示说话人的主观看法,而且又表示客观上的需要。例如:
if we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.(如果我们末班车,我们将不得不走回家。)
the ship started to go down slowly. we must leave the ship.(船慢慢地开始下沉了。我们必须离开这船。)
2、在回答must的疑问句时,否定回答常用needn’t表示“不必”,例如:
must i return this book to you in two weeks?(这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗?)
yes, you must.(是的。)
no, you needn’t.(不,不必了。)
(四)need和dare
need(需要)和dare(敢于)既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词。
1、need和dare作情态动词时,只用于否定句或疑问句。need无形态变化,dare的过去式是dared。 例如:
it’s warm today. you needn’t put on your coat.(今天天气很暖和,你不必穿上大衣。)
need i post your books to you?(要我把书寄给你吗?)
how dare you say it’s unfair?(你怎么胆敢说这不公平呢?)
she dare not go out alone at night.(她晚上不敢一个人出去。)
2、need和dare作及物动词时,后常跟动词不定式。它们有人称、数和时态等形态变化。在构成否定和疑问形式时与其他及物动词一样,要用助动词do, does或did等。例如:
he didn’t need to go to school today.(今天你不必上学。)
they needed an excuse and soon found one.(他们需要借口,不久便找到了一个。)
(五)ought to和should
ought to和should作情态度动词用,都是“应该”、“应当”的意思。
ought to语气较强,指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事,或按观念和道理也应对某事负责。should指主观上认为有责任和义务去做,但语意不如ought to强。例如:
you ought to respect your teachers.(你们应该尊敬你们的老师。)
we should be careful of others’ feelings.(我们应该尊重别人的感情。)
(六)相当于情态动词的几个固定词组
在初中课本上还有以下固定词组,也起着与情态动词一样的作用:had better…(最好……),shall i(we)…?(我/我们可以这样做吗?)would like(非常想),will/would you (please)…?(请你……吗?)used to(过去常常)。例如:
it’s late. i’d better go and lood for him.(太迟了。我最好去找他。)
you’d better not read books in poor light.(你最好不要在微弱的灯光下看书。)
shall we start the meeting at once?(我们立即开会好吗?)
will you get me some chalk?(你拿些粉笔给我好吗?)
would you like some bananas?(来点香蕉好吗?)
篇3:关于动词的分类及用法
系动词:大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外,还有 become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候,可要小心为是呀!如:It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious 是形容词,不是副词。
情态动词:首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。
must的意思是“应当,必须”,侧重于说话者的主观看法,没有时态变化,其否定式是mustn't,在“Must I(we) ....”的疑问句中,须注意的是其否定回答常用needn't。如:Must I go?(我一定要走吗?) No,you needn't.(不,不必。)
need意为“需要”。既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词,因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时,need后跟名词,动名词,或不定式。如:I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时,后跟动词原形。如:You needn't come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙,明天就不必来了。)
实意动词:我们跑(run),我们跳(jump),我们笑(laugh),这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。
stop:这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋,到底什么时候加to do,什么时候加doing 呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面两个句子。
When the teacher came in, they stopped to read.
When the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
第一句的意思是“当老师进来时,他们停下来开始读书”。而第二句的意思是 “老师进来时,他们停止了说话”。所以stop to do sth表示“停止正在做的事情去干另一件事”。而stop doing表示“中断正在做的某事”。
forget,remember,regret 这三个词用法基本相同,只要记住+doing 表示“事情已经做过”,+to do表示“事情还未做”就可以了。
感官动词:see,watch, notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 等 +do 表示动作的完整性,真实性 +doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性。如:I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
篇4:英语动词分类记忆
I.主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以:“主+谓”结构。
agree disagree quarrel shout cry laugh object sigh talk bargain matter work struggle fight graduate succeed die listen look stare glance hurry ache fever cough appear belong care depend long happen occur explode pause result snow rain
go come fall arrive sail dive flow swim travel walk skate jump rise sit stay step
wait remain sleep rest head exist live dance
II. 延续动词与瞬间动词
表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成, 瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到…” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到…,才……”
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
主要常用瞬间动词
arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw
III.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于:“主+谓+宾”;“主+谓+双宾”主+谓+宾+宾补“结构.
accept receive earn gain lose miss pack fold load achieve admit afford declare announce review broadcast describe discuss doubt suppose correct master mention infer repeat spell practise remind attempt attract invite book bite bake fry milk water pour fill lock fasten brush comb tidy mine bury dig remove plough plant grow cover cut celebrate liberate base change build pump dust clean sweep close tear complete finish contain include damage destroy ruin wipe repair mend fix deliver carry ship cross block tie park pull line list fight struggle defeat defend protect educate train test decide plan design invent examine test experience train introduce follow form perform found hit hold increase reduce discover steal attack wound kill murder starve kiss treat cure desert throw kick devote trust love admire honour respect value desire enjoy comfort calm pity trust support hate dislike greet welcome thank disturb fool serve sentence punish monitor own plate price publish print type prepare put place lay raise lift reach heat warm rule obey praise scold blame save waste score mark sort store spend unite connect limit watch touch press visit wave wear time use total
answer borrow bring buy charge cost hand envy fetch name present post offer owe question show supply provide
astonish disappoint frighten interest satisfy s eat shock surprise tire
bear catch have keep make mean give pick take send
consider know hope imagine find prove realize recognize request require say tell sense suggest understand warn state think
advice allow ask check direct employ expect forbid force forgive guide hire excuse need notice let like persuade permit promise want wish
IV. .既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变
continue begin start advance attend aim awake blow bathe insist interrupt read write roll paint ride report seek root shop face feed hurt gather end clap trade study turn win smoke wash stop try suffer sell shine set sew pay mind join fit float drop delight develop believe divide forget speak eat drown boil bend breathe burn burst climb collect delay double dress fly hide lead land learn inch lack meet measure sing mix open organize marry race record drink spread smooth slow recover ride row improve
call clear shut sink fear teach share help cook break compare crowd remember
V. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
escape part operate reach run rush return search settle shoot strike speed stamp play ring hang smell get manage regret draw beat light drive match leave move last stand fail succeed shake knock weigh stick
V.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+ V+ adv。如,Books of this kind sells well。Your pen writes smoothly。 Your composition reads well。
sell read write wear keep draw cut tear act lock rent wash break cook clean open work out
VI.常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。如,Heavy losses were suffered by them。(错)。They suffered heavy losses。(对)
have fit lack suit hold cost suffer last become stand belong to depend on happen take place break out turn out
VII.英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如,The meeting begins at 1:30 in the afternoon。 I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida。I am taking my mum。
come go leave start drive move begin take fall arrive return set off land fly
VIII.英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望,打算或意图。如,
They had wanted to help but couldn’t afford any time。
---Why haven’t you bought any butter?
----I meant to but I forgot about it.
hope expect mean intend suppose want think
IX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词,这类动词之后可接so或not 代替从句。如,I don’t think they have made their minds,have’nt they?
Is your brother going with you? I think not .或I don’t think so.
think believe expect imagine suppose fancy
注意:hope guess fear fancy 不能否定转移,只能说 I guess not 而不能说
I don’t guess so 。
X. 常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。
want wish hope expect would like/love care choose learn desire long plan prepare mean design agree promise offer refuse ask beg demand intend decide determine make up one‘s mind tend bother trouble manage try attempt afford pretend aim try one’s best have no choice but
注意:动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell discover discuss ask
Please show us how to do that.
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
XI. 常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。 即,动词+宾语+ (to do)
command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句: a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
b. We believe him to be guilty.
注意: promise know hope demand
常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let, have, make see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find
XII.动词及短语后加doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny endure enjoy escape prevent fancy finish imagine mind miss postpone keep practise recall resist risk suggest face include stand understand forgive excuse
defend involve avoid pardon
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to为介词)no good, no use, be worth… give up can't help,
It's no use /good be tired of feel like
be fond of be proud of think of / about put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in
good at take up burst out prevent … from…
举例 (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
注意:动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12 组:
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 be used to do be used to doing
6 try to dotry doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to domean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
12 can‘t help to do can’t help doing
X.表示”据说“或”相信" 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
例句:It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
It‘s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。
Robert is said to have studied abroad,but I don‘t know what country he studied in。
VX.本身含有“使…”的意义的动词.
surprise astonish shock delight worry satisfy please seat disappoint discourage
encourage interest marry frighten tire excite move
VIX.其后常跟宾语从句且从句里用虚拟语气的动词。
order suggest require request demand propose desire insist advise wish
篇5:英语情态动词用法
1. can 的用法:
(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
(2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”, can’t 表示推测[答案] A
2. could的用法:
(1).can的过去式,意为“ 能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2). could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
3. may的用法:
(1).表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】 在此处表示请求,意为“ 做……可以吗”。 答案:A
(2) .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如:He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福! May you succeed!祝你成功!
4. must的用法:
(1).must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。 如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?
(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。
(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to .如:—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。
(4)must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法:
(1).need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 如:—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不, 你不必。
(2).need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如:I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
如果是物作主语,一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点:
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
6. dare 的用法:dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:
(1)dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?
(2)dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。
注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?
你敢告诉她我说的话吗?I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他。
篇6:英语情态动词用法
一、can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
二、may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
2. I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
四、dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
1. How dare you say I’m unfair?
2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
1.You needn’t come so early.
2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1. I dare to swim across this river.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today.
篇7:英语情态动词用法
一、九大情态动词的时态关系:
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替)
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”:
1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句)
2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。(只表示理论上的可能性)
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
(3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:
1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。 (will be 表示一定会)
2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。(would be 表示肯定是)
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。(will 表示经常的)
(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那准是Sam和他的母亲。
(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”:
1. Can I go with you? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 请问到邮局怎么走?(表示客气请求)
2. Would you give me your address? 请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?(用would比will表示更客气)
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can)
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3. May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)
你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
篇8:六年级英语动词用法
六年级英语动词用法
英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(to do..),动名词(doing..),分词(doing ,done..)。
动词可分为三数:单词,短语动词或动词短语。
The English language contains mang phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
contains是单字动词
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
look up是短语动作
The young ought to take care of the old.
take care of 是动词短语
五种形态:原形,第三人称单数形式,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,
系动词(联系动词),作为系动词有些不具词义,有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后面必须跟表语(补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况,性质,特征情况
状态系动词:表示主语状态,只有be一词:
如:He is a teacher . is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,keep,remain ,stay .
如:He always kept silent at meeting
感官系动词,feel ,smell, sound , taste
如:This flower smells very sweet .
表像系动词,seem, appear ,look ..
如:He looks tired
最常用的助动词有:be ,have ,do, will,shall, should ,would.)协助主要动词构成谓语动词组的词,叫且动词。)被协助的动食谱髦饕剩叶首陨砻挥写室澹豢傻ザ朗褂谩e doesn't like English.
(doesn't 是助动词,无词义,like是主要动词,有词义)
When shall we see you next?( shall是助动词)
动词answer的用法与搭配归纳:
1. 用作动词,除表示“回答”“答复”外,还可表示“接(电话)”或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与call, bell, telephone, door, door-bell等连用)。如:
Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。
I can’t answer the telephone. I am having a bath. 我不能接电话,我正在洗澡。
Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sunday morning. She won’t be up. 星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。
2. 注意以下两个有用短语的用法:
(1) answer for 的用法:
① 对……负责。如:
You’ll have to answer for your carelessness. 你得对你的疏忽负责任。
② 对……受责,承担……的后果。如:
All these things are to be answered for. 所有这一切都是要偿还的。
③ 代表某人或支持某事物而讲话。如:
I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意,但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。
Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty. 我很了解她,当然能担保她诚实。
其后可接名词或代词,一般不接 that 从句,若要接这类从句,通常应先接形式宾语 it。如:
I can’t answer for his honesty.= I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。
(2) answer to的用法:
① 对……负责,向某人解释。如:
Who do you answer to in your new job? 你做的新工作要向谁负责?
② 对……有反应,顺从。如:
The dog answers to his name. 这狗听到自己的名字就有反应。
③ 由……控制:The plane answered smoothly to the controls. 这架飞机操纵自如。
3. 用作名词,表示“回答”“答复”“答案”“回应”等,注意以下各例中 answer 后接的介词是 to 而不是 of:
He got the answer to the riddle as quick as a flash. 他一下子就猜中了谜底。
I wish I knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的答案。
My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。
4. 用于短语 in answer to(作为回应)。如:
He came at once in answer to my phone call. 他一接到我的电话就来了。
In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日询问的书暂时无货,谨此奉复。
5. 比较answer与reply:两者均可表示“回答”,但answer 属常用词,多用于一般性应答,而reply则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复,若不细分,两者可换用。但是,answer可自由地用作及物或不及物动词,而reply除后接that从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词,其后若接名词或代词作宾语,应借助介词to:answer [reply to] a question 回答问题。
动词appreciate的两点用法:
1. 表示“感激”“赞赏”等,通常为及物动词,其后可接名(代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语,但不能接不定式。如:
I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯,我就真乐在其中了。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 真感激你为我花了这么多时间。
I appreciate being given this opportunity. 非常感谢给了我这个机会。
I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感谢你来得这么早。
其后不直接跟 if 或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助 it。如:
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us. 如果你能替我安排这事,我将非常感激。
2. 其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语;若接“人”作宾语,可考虑用动词thank等。比较:
正:We appreciate your help. 我们感谢你的帮助。
误:We appreciate you for your help.
正:He thanked her for her help. 他感谢她的帮助。
误:He thanked her help.
动词expect的用法与搭配:
1. 表示“期待”“期望”,通常为及物动词,不要受汉语影响在其后误加介词for。如:
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
误:We should not expect for success overnight.
正:We should not expect success overnight.
2. 后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。如:
I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。
若语义需要,其后还可接不定式的复合结构。如:
He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。
3. 不要认为 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”,它还可表示“预计”“预料”等。如:
I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。
I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。
有时可用于不好的方面。如:
He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。
另外,注意expect a baby这一惯用表达,其意为“怀孕”。如:
It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了。
4. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如:
I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。
在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如:
I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。
其后可接 that 从句,但不接疑问词引导的从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用“疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。如:
你想什么时候离开?
误:Do you expect when you will leave?
误:Do you expect when to leave?
正:When do you expect to leave?
5. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如:
I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。
We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。
有时在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成:
I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.
6. 有时用于“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构,表示“预计……”。如:
It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。
It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。
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