高考英语作文详解说明文

高考英语作文详解说明文（集锦23篇）由网友“Cecilia”投稿提供，下面是小编给大家整理后的高考英语作文详解说明文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

篇1：高考英语作文详解说明文

高考英语作文详解说明文

假如你是李辉，参加了7月25―30 日在山东烟台由英语辅导报社举办的`全国中学生英语夏令营活动。请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇100―140 字的报导，以便刊登在?英语通?上。

提示：1、来自全国各地的100多名中学生参加了活动；

2、有来自国内外的30多名英语教学专家；

3、营员们必须用英语交流；

4、举办了一系列活动：1）第二届全国中学生英语辩论赛；

2）第三届全国中学生英语演讲比赛；

3）参观了名胜古迹； 4）举办了英语晚会。

作文思路详解：

注意：1、应包括自己参加夏令营的体会。

2、参考词汇：

1）英语辅导报社：English Coaching Paper Office

2) 19全国中学生英语夏令营： National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students (1998 NESCMSS);

3) 辩论：debate

4) 演讲比赛：speech competition

5) 主办：sponsor

6) 英语通： An Express Way to English

3、不要逐句翻译提示，可增加适当有关细节，使文章连贯。

范文：

1998 National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students

As a lucky student, I attended the 1998 NESCMSS held in the beautiful seaside city of Yantai from July 25 to 30, which was sponsored by the English Coaching Paper Office. Over 100 students all over the country and 30 English teaching experts from home and abroad took part in the activity. All the campers were required to speak English. During the four days, a series of English activities were held including the Second National English Debate for Middle School Students and the Third National English Speech Competition for Middle School Students. We also visited some places of interest. A colourful English evening was held on July 29. The camp provided us with a valuable opportunity to speak English, make friends and exchange learning experience. I found my English much improved at the end of the camp. Never in my life shall I forget the impressive days in Yantai.

篇2：高考英语作文：现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.

一种事物或现象(负面意义倾向)

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了(这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡) 。(举例)。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的'是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.

Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….

A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.

Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.

We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.

Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.

Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

篇3：高考英语作文说明文指导

说明文是指说明事物的情况或道理的文章，目的介绍某一方面的知识。一般来说，高考中的说明文常涉及 : 商品介绍、旅游指南、科技读物和 工作总结这几类，而形式上常以图画、图表和文字提示的形式出现。考生要根据实际情况综合运用多种说明方式，以便从不同角度、不同方面把说明 对象完整地介绍出来，从而增强表达效果。同时注意运用适当过渡词来体现上下文的逻辑关系：

1.表示时间顺序的：then，now，soon，afterwards，later等。

2.表示程序、动作过程的：first，second，firstly，secondly，first of all，next，at first，at last等。

3.表示递进的：what’s more，once more，what is worse，in addition，besides 等。

4.表示解释和说明：namely，for example，for instance，actually，believe it or not，to tell you the truth，that is(to say)，according to this，for this reason等。

5.表示比较、对比的：just as，just like，more or less，sooner or later，on the contrary，on the other hand等。

6.表示总结的： finally，in conclusion，in a word，in general，generally speaking，in short 等。

针对练习

1.你的家乡是一个依山傍水的小镇。过去，这里人们生活极其贫困。解放以后，人们生活的各个方面都发生了很大变化。请根据下面表格的提示，写一篇120词左右的短文，介绍该镇的变化情况。

参考范文

One Possible Version

My hometown is a small town. It has a population of more than 200 thousand people and an area of 36 square kilometers. It is at the foot of a mountain. In front of the town lies a big river.

Before liberation, people there lived a hard life. Great changes have taken place there since liberation. They have built many factories, shops, hospitals and schools.

The school education has also improved. Before liberation there was only one school. Only the rich children could go to school. Now there are 10 schools. Every child can go to school.

People's lives are colorful. After work they go shopping, see films, go dancing and have sports. They all live a happy life.

2，请以My favorite Newspaper为题用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍21世纪报，短文应包括下面表格 中所提供的内容。

My Favorite Newspaper

21st Century is my favorite newspaper. It is an English language newspaper which is published in Beijing each week. It has sections of different kinds, including News of the week, the World Today, Language Class, Sports and Music and Students Report. There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interestin g articles in it. I enjoy reading the paper. I read it to improve my English. I have learnt a lot of new words and useful expressions. Besides, I can get information about different things, from politics to sports and music. 21st Century is very popular wiEnglish learners. I do love it.

3.据调查，中国城市居民的电脑拥有率达30%。很多农村居民对电脑也越来越感兴趣，甚至有的家庭也买了电脑。参考下表写一篇题为“Computers in China”的短文。词数为100左右。

Computers in China

According to a recent investigation, about 30% of the city families have computer. Besides, many village people are more and more interested in computers and some of them even have bought computers. About 70% o f the parents bought computers for their children to study, and some for their work. And even some people bought them for entertainment. The fact how the middle school students use the computers really surprises us. Only about 30% of them use computers to find out useful in formation. About 60% use computers to play games and 20% use computers to watch VCDs or listen to music. In my opinion, we should make better use of our best invention― computers.

篇4：英语作文详解

英语作文详解

it is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring down his face. after a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become the champion. it seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory. however, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new “starting point” and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination.

undoubtedly the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress. owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.

once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world. as deng xiaoping, the great chinese leader said, “development is the only way.” no matter how powerful a country is, no matter how successful a specific institution, it will definitely seek new development in high speed. generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant.

a case in point is the successful launching of “shenzhou v spacecraft” which sets china in a high position of aviation and space flight. although it means a great achievement for us chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. if we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. instead, we are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses. we still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career. on the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “destination is another starting point.”

篇5：高考英语模拟试题及详解四

高考英语模拟试题及详解四

第一卷（三部分，共115分）

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节： 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. According to recent reports, one of the rare animals, ____ crocodile, is in ____ danger of dying out.

A. a; the B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填

22. --- Why do you look worried?

--- Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ____ unfinished since.

A. left B. was left C. has left D. has been left

23. --- Did you have any difficulty catching yesterday's lecture?

--- No. The professor spoke very clearly to make his speech easy ____.

A. understood B. understand C. understanding D. to understand

24. As the Spring Festival is drawing ____, people are getting busier and busier.

A. near B. nearly C. almost D. closely

25. --- Why did Miss Li leave the job?

--- She ____ for higher wages, but was turned down in the end.

A. broke off B. gave away C. held out D. picked up

26. Persons under 18 ____ not be employed in night work in the United States.

A. can B. may C. will D. shall

27. --- Has Tim started? He said he would join in the party.

--- He ____. He is a man of keeping his word.

A. could have left B. must have left C. can't come D. won't be coming

28. I enjoy ____ when the sun shines bright and then I can take a walk on the beach.

A. it B. that C. this D. them

29. ____ is the case with humans, animals also love their babies.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

30. --- Is Alice playing both basketball and tennis for your school?

--- She ____. But now she has given up playing basketball.

A. is B. has C. was D. had

31. All the children on the playground stared up into the sky until the noise of the plane ____.

A. gave up B. took

>> 

篇6：高考英语情态动词用法详解

情态动词的区分 情态动词可以广泛分为四大类。第一类只能做情态动词，包括may、might、must等。第二类既能做情态动词，又能做实义助词，包括need、dare、can等。第三类既能做情态动词，又能做助动词，包括shall、should、will、would等。第四类是指具有情态动词特征的短语，包括have to、used to、ought to等。Can/could通常代表许可的意思，能够广泛用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，而且could的表达效果通常要更加委婉。Cannot是指“禁止”，通常用于警告和告示。May/might的意思与can/could相似，用法也没有明显区别，不过其与后者相比大多用于正式文体，通常含有尊敬之意，其中，might较may表达的效果更加委婉，但不是很常用。Shall通常用于表示征求意见，常用于疑问句中。而will/would同样是表示请求，其中would的表达效果更为客气委婉，且大多用于第二人称。Must则是表示必须、必要。

篇7：高考英语情态动词用法详解

重点学习：will ( would), can (could), may (might)。will 1.客观情形

主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。如I will be 18 years old next month. 下个月我就要18岁了。这里的will和将来时态连用表明是受时间客观规律支配的，不以主观意志来做主的。因此可以和一个词组be going to do 区别开来。be going to do 也是将要的意思，用法和will有很大区别。当be going to do 的主语是人的时候，意思为“打算，计划”;只有当其主语是物的时候才可以和will等同表示马上要发生，但是依然不可以用于表示自然规律的情形。It is going to rain soon.= It will rain soon. 马上就要下雨了。If heated up, ice will turn into water. 如果加热，冰就会变成水。这是自然现象和规律。不可以使用be going to。自己不能做主，需要争求意见的时候——问询别人是否需要本人提供的帮助时。如Will I cook noodles for you? 我给你煮点面吃好吗?

2.主观态度 (1)表意愿。 Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗?Yes,I will. 我愿意。will 的名词意思是意志，意愿，和遗嘱。At will 随心所欲，想怎么样就怎么样。willing就是派生出来的形容词，be willing to do= be ready to do乐意去做。(2)主观判断，表示非常肯定的判断和认同  Boys will be boys. 男孩子毕竟是男孩子。Master will be master. 大师就是大师。(3)表示对能力的估计  Having enough money, I will travel around the world. 如果有钱了，我就可以周游世界了。(4)希望和请求 Will you turn down the TV volume a little bit? 你把电视音量调小点好吗?一般来说，用will原形的时候多用于熟人朋友间，和第一次见面的人说话，要注意礼貌，因此would you turn down the TV volume a little 更合适。can 1.客观情形 A.主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。By the end of next month, we can have learned words. 到下个月底的时候，我们就会学完2000个词汇了。这里的can和will都可以表示受时间的支配。Water can turn into ice when frozen. 水如果冰冻就会结冰。自然规律和will 一样可以替换。B. 自己不能做主，需要争求意见的时候——问询别人是否允许自己是否可以做什么的时候。Can I use your phone?我可以用一下你的手机吗?Yes, you can. 当然可以。No, you can’t. 你不能(你不被允许)。此时也可以用may来替换。May I use your phone? 我可以用一下你的手机吗?Yes, you can. 当然可以(注意 回答的时候用can居多)，No, you can’t. 此时不可以回答may not.2. 主观态度 (1)意愿。 I can help you if you give me 100 dollars. 如果你给我100元，我就愿意帮助你了。但是这是属于非正式的用法，如果正式场合问询别人意愿的时候还是应该选择will.(2)主观判断，猜测。 A. 把握并非很足的判断 相当于may。This upcoming exam can be difficult, for the teacher gives us an extra review class on it.马上到来的考试可能会很难，因为老师为了考试给我们加了额外的复习课。此处可以用may取代。B. 用于may 和must 表示猜测时候的否定。(3)表示对能力的估计。 这种能力往往都是先天获得的，或者已经具备很久的。而be able to 表示能力的时候，一般是可以用于具体时态中，而can只有一般时和过去时，而且不和具体时间状语连用。I can sing quite a few English songs. 我可以唱好多英语过去。表示的含义是我学过很多英语歌曲，任何时候都可以唱出来。The candidates are able to have the chance to meet the HR manager after winning the first interview.在初次面试成功后，求职者能够有机会和人力资源的经理见面。此时Be able to 用于具体时刻前。

could 希望和请求 和will 一样，和熟人用can, 和陌生人用could更礼貌。Can you give me a hand? 你可以帮助我一下吗?Could you please give me a hand? 您可以帮助我一下吗?(更客气)may 1.客观情形 主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。May I come in? 我可以进来吗?No, you can’t. 否定形式只可以是can’t, 不可以是may not.这是因为：根据词源学(etymology)may 来自于might(权力，权威，威严)。may not 的意思有两个：1. 权威迫使下，不能做……2. 表示猜测，表示不可能。2.主观态度。 A. 把握并非很足的判断。It may not be his fault. 这也许不是他的错。B. 严格禁止。may not do= mustn’t do = shouldn’t doStudents mustn’t / may not bring cellphone into campus. 校园内严禁携带手机。

语法 | 情态动词的用法整理，非常实用!

情态动词

定义:

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词后面加动词原形。

分类：

情态动词有四类：

①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to

②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare

③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)

④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to

位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

I can see you. Come here.

我能看见你，过来吧。

He must have been away.

他一定走了。

What can I do for you?

我能帮你吗?

How dare you treat us like that!

你怎能那样对待我们!

特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

We can't carry the heavy box.

我们搬不动那箱子。

I'm sorry I can't help you.

对不起，我帮不上你。

基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：

What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体，本身无词义)

I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)

You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)

除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：

1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：

We used to grow beautiful roses.

I asked if he would come and repair my television set.

2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：

They need not have been punished so severely.

3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：

She dare not say what she thinks.

4) 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：

Still, she needn't have run away.

5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：

Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?

She told him he ought not to have done it.

6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：

You should have washed the wound.

Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.

用法

首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。

用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形

例句：I can read this sentence in English.

我能用英语读这句话。

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。

May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?

Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?

You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.

功能

助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：

1) 构成否定式：

He didn't go and neither did she.

The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.

2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：

Must you leave right now?

You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?

3) 构成修辞倒装：

Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

4) 代替限定动词词组：

A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?

B: Tom can.

A: Shall I write to him?

B: Yes, do.

篇8：高考英语情态动词用法详解

一. can和could

情态动词 用法 例句

can/could

表示能力(体力、知识、技能)

(表示过去有能力用could)

1.“I don’t think Mike can type.”

2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year.

3.Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

4.Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

5.Can you skate?(技能)

6.Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。

7.Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?

在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，(客观原因形成的能力)。并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。1. As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.

2. I’m confident that a solution can be found.

3. He can be very forgetful sometimes.

4. I may stay at home this weekend.(实际可能性)

5. Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性)

6. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性)

7. 7.They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

8. 8.This hall can hold 500 people at least.

9. The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.

气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。

10. 11..He can?t (couldn?t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。

11. 12 You mustn?t smoke while you?re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. (实际可能性)

12. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。

表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。

用can和 may来回答，不能用could或might。1.Can we turn the air conditioner on?

2.Any police officer can insist on seeing a driver’s license.

3.In soccer, you can’t touch the ball with your hands.

4.Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?

5.I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.

6. Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you can.

No, I'm afraid not/No,you cann’t/No,you may not.

表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1. It can’t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.

2. Can the man over there be our head master?

3.If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?

2. This can’t be true.

3. How can you be so crazy.

4. 4.Can this be true?

5. 5.How can you be so careless!

6. 6.This cannot be done by him.

7. Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?

8. He can?t (couldn?t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。

9. How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?

10. 特别说明：

(1) could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can(即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如：

——Could I use your dictionary?

——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.)

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

(2) can和be able to辨析

can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如：

I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.

Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?

但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。could：有潜能，但并未做到

这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：

After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.

The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.

I can sing many English songs.我会唱许多英文歌曲。

We were able to return to our campsite before the heavy rain.我们在下大雨前设法会到了野营地。

He was able to swim across the river and escaped being caught.他游到了河对岸，没有被抓住。

在否定句中，can/could与be able to几乎没有什么差别，两者可以互换。例如：

She wasn’t able to/couldn’t cook French dishes.她不会做法国菜。

(3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”。如：

You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。

惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不，只好”。如：

I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

二．may和 might

情态动词 用法 例句

may/might表示允许、请求。否定回答一般用must not/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better not (最好别)或may not(不可以)，语气较为委婉。 1. May I come in and wait?

2. ——May I smoke here?

——No, you mustn’t(或No, you’d better not.)

在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。而不是过去式，用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。

否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。

或者

肯定回答可以用 yes,please. / Certainly.1.Might I borrow your pen?

2.I wonder if I might speak to your son.

3. Might/ May I smoke in this room?

4. ---- No, you mustn’t.

5. 4. May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) \

You may drive the car.

— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.

表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。1. It may rain this afternoon.

2. She might come to join us this afternoon.

3. I suppose he might have missed the train.

4.He may /might be very busy now.

5.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

may用于祈使句表示祝愿1. May you succeed.。

2. May you have many more days as happy as this one.

3. May she rest in peace.愿她安息。

惯用句式：

“may well+ 动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to

“may as well或might(just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如,不妨“,”，相当于“had better或there is no reason to do anything else.1. It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.

2. There may well be a real problem here.

3. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.

4. You may as well tell us now, we’ll find out sooner or later.

5. I suppose we might as well go home.

6. And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.

7.If that is the case, we may as well try.

might 间接引语中指过去。表可以。1. He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。

二． must和have to

情态动词 用法 例句

must表示“必须，应该，一定”之意，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意.1. You must come to school on time.

2. Everybody must obey the law.

3. You mustn’t drive so fast in the street.

4. We mustn’t waste any more time.

5. I must finish my work today.

6. Must I return the book tomorrow?

7. 7.The play is not interesting. I really must go now.

在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t.1.—Must I come back before ten?

—Yes，you must.(No, you needn’t)

2.Must we hand in our exercise books today?

— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)

表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、想必”，只用于肯定句中。

它的否定或疑问式用can代替must1. This must be your pen.

2. You must be hungry after a walk.

3. There must be a hole in the wall.

4. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

5. 5.Your mother must be waiting for you now.

6. He must be staying there.

7. 他现在肯定呆在那里。

试比较和第一种用法的区别

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

have to

也可拼做have got to。

8. “必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要,有被动接受的意思。无疑问句形式，疑问句用must 代替。

9. 10. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.

11. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.

12. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

13. 4. Must I clean all the room?

14. 5. I must go over the test paper again to see if there are any mistakes.我必须再检查一遍试卷看看是否有错误。

15. 6. The teacher said that there were many mistakes in my test paper, so I had to go over it again.老师说我试卷中有很多错误，所以我只好再检查一遍。

16. must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，在间接引语中must可用于表示过去时间.而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。

17. 18. 7..I had to work hard when I was your age.

19. 8..I will have to learn how to use a computer.

20. 9.In order to take the exam, we’ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .

21. 10. told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。

22.

两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”，don’t have to表示不必。1. You mustn’t go there.

2. You don’t have to go there.

四．shall和should

情态动词 用法 例句

shall用于第一，三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1. Shall I open the window?

2. Shall we say 6 o’clock, then?

3. What shall I get for dinner?

4.Shall we begin our lesson?

4. 5.When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

5. Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?

用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、决心、允诺或威胁。1. Don’t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺)

2. He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)

3. You shall do as I say. (命令)

4. If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁)

5. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

6. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

7. He shall be punished.(威胁)

8.You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)

9.You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)

10.He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。(警告)

11.Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)

should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to1.What should I do?

2.Should I trust him?

3.You should read his new book.

4. You should go to class right away.

5.Should I open the window?

You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。

You shouldn?t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。

表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.

2. Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.

3. He should be around sixty years old.

4.The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors.

这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。

5.They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。

还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)

2. Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come. (万一我明天有时间，我就过来)

3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变，请通知我)

4. Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。

5. If you should change

your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。

6.Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。

用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与why，what，how，who连用，如果是疑问句。则不需要回答。1. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?

2. Don’t ask me. How should I know?

3.Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?

4. — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?

— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?

5.I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。

② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。

③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。

五．will和would

情态动词 用法 例句

will/would用于表示意志，愿望或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。1. He is the man who will go his own way. (他是个自行其是的人。)

2. They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.

3. I will never do that again.

4. They asked him if he would go abroad.

5.He said he would help me.

6.I’ll do my best to catch up with them.

7.I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。

8.None is so blind as those who won?t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。

9.If you will read the book, I?ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。

I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。

表示请求、建议等，will接近命令的口气。用would比用will委婉、客气。Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配

否定句用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。1. Will you please take a message for him?

2. Would you please tell me your telephone number?

3.Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

4 Would you like to go with me?

5. Would you like some cake?

6 Won't you sit down?

表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。Will指现在，would指过去。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作,不表示状态和情况。

1. Fish will die without water.

2. People will talk. (人们总会说闲话。)

3. When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.

4. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

5. The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.

那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。

6.He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。

7.She used to be fat. 她过去很胖

表示推测，意为“很可能，大概”。will表示推测比should把握大，比must把握小。1. These things will happen.

2. That will be the messenger ringing.

3. It would be about ten o’clock when he left home.

4. It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

表示功能，意为“能，行”。惯用形式：will do/would do表示“解决问题”、“就行”。1. That will be all right.

2. Either pen will do.

3. It would not do to work too late.(工作太晚不行。)

用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1.I won’t listen to your nonsense.

2.No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.

Will用于叙述真理时1.Oil will float on water.油能浮在水面上。

2.Man will die.人总会死的。

用于表示具有某种功能时1.The door will not open.门打不开。

2 The car will not start.车子启动不了。

特别说明：would与used to辨析

would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”

另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如： He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.

I used to get up at six in the morning.

Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.

In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

六．need和dare

情态动词用法例句

need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，(在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

)只有现在时， 1.—Need we leave soon?

—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)

You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3.--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。

4You needn?t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。

5.I don?t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。

6.She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。

7.How dare you say I?m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?

Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事

做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，有人称、时态和数的变化，后接带to的不定式或者名词。,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't

(need doing = need to be done )表被动1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)

2.He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)

3.Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something)

4.They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)

5.You don?t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。

6.We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。

7.The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。

8.We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。

9.He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。

10..I dare day he?ll come again. 我想他会再来的。

dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。过去式形式为dared。

1.—Dare you tell her the truth?

—Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t.

3. How dare you accuse me of lying!

4. He daren’t admit this.

5. How dare you say I’m unfair?

6. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

7. If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式;否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。1. Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone.

3. Don’t you dare (to) touch it?

4.dare to swim across this river.

5. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

6. He needs to finish his homework today.

7.I dare to swim across this river.

8.He does not dare (to) answer.

9 .Don't you dare (to) touch it!

10.I wondered he dare (to) say that.

11. He needs to finish it this evening.

七．ought的用法：

情态动词 用法 例句

ought to do表示“应该”之意1. You ought to take care of him.

2. —Ought I go now?

—Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn’t to.

3You ought to bring the child here.

表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1. He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2. He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)

4. This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)

had bette表示”最好“

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

She'd better not play with the dog.

would rather

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。

would sooner,

had rather

had sooner表示”宁愿,宁可“If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

说明：should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别

should 表示自己的主观看法，

ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意。(客观推测)，若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。

must(主观推测)。如：

1.You should help them with their work.

2.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.

3.He must be home by now.

4.He ought to/should be home by now.

5.This is where the oil must be.

6.This is where the oil ought to/should be.

7.I should help her because she is in trouble.

8.You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

八．“情态动词+have done ” 用法

情态动词+have done用法例句

must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”肯定句中。否定句用can 代替must1. She must have gone through a lot.

2. He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.

3.Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1. You may have learnt the news.

2. He may not have heard his name called.

3. Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

can…have done

cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气委婉)

否定句表示：过去一定不。。。1. Where can she have gone?

2. Could he have done such a foolish thing?

3. The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.

could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，几乎等于may/might have done。后者更委婉一些。此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。

或”过去可能。。。

或本来能。。。而实际没有

1. He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.

2. You could have been more considerate.

3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.

4. She could have been his wife.

她以前可能是他的妻子。

她本应该是他的妻子。

might have done表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1. You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.

2. He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.

should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做;用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

2. You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly.

3. You ought to have returned the book earlier.

4. You ought not to have refused his offer.

5. 5.She should have finished it.

6. 6.I should have helped her, but I never could.

7. 7. You should have started earlier.

8. You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

needn’t have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1.You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.

2.I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.

3.You needn't have waited for me.

had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1.You had better have started earlier.

2.You had better not have scolded her.

would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1. 1.I would rather have taken his advice.

2. 2.I would rather not have told him the truth.

must to have been doing等

表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测

情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。

1--Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

2. It?s twelve o?clock. They must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。

3.They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。

4.He can?t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。

5.She shouldn?t be working like that. She?s still so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。

n 情态动词表示猜测

肯定：must>should>could>may>might

n 否定：can’t>shouldn’t>couldn’t>may not>

n 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

必须掌握情态动词表示推测语气时的反意疑问句。例如：

The road is wet. It must have rained, hasn’t it?

The road is wet. It must have rained last night, didn’t it? (多了过去时的时间状语)

I met him on his way home. He can’t be in the library now, isn’t he?

The coat is too close to the fire. It might get burnt, doesn’t it?

情态动词的基本用法归纳

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

一、can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。

1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

三、must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)，而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

六、will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

八、情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now.

篇9：高考英语虚拟语气陷阱题详解

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show B. would show

C. am going to show D. am showing

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn't forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话――但事实上忘了)。

2. ”It looks as if he were drunk.“ ”So it does. _____.“

A. He'd better give up drinking

B. He shouldn't have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，”他喝醉了“不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.

3. ”Mary looks hot and dry.“ ”So _____ you if you had so high a fever.“

A. do B. are

C. will D. would

【陷阱】容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D.分析如下：

(1)”so + 助动词 + 主语“是一个很有用的结构，它表示”......也一样“时。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

(2)由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.

4. ”He will come tomorrow.“ ”But I'd rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.“

A. will come B. is coming

C. came D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I'd rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I'd rather he hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：

(1)”Shall I come tomorrow?“ ”I'd rather you ______.“

A. won't B. didn't

C. don't D. wouldn't

(2)”I've told him about it.“ ”But I'd rather you ______.“

A. didn't B. hadn't

C. don't D. wouldn't

(3)”He will take you as well.“ ”But I'd rather he ______.“

A. won't B. didn't

C. doesn't D. wouldn't

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选 C.insist后的从句谓语有时用”should+动词原形“这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选C最合适。请做以下类似试题(答案选B)：

(1)The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.

A. wasn't, wasn't sent B. wasn't, shouldn't be sent

C. shouldn't be, wasn't sent D. shouldn't be, shouldn't be sent

(2)The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.

A. should do, should be B. had done, should be

C. had done, had been D. should do, had been

(3)I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.

A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling

C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel

6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A. Was he given up B. Had he given up

C. Did he give D. If he gave up

【陷阱】容易误选 D.

【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down. = If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。

Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. = If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

篇10：高考英语模拟试题及详解五

高考英语模拟试题及详解五

第一卷（三部分，共115分）

第一部分：听力（略）

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节： 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. --- My son is _____ to be seen. Where has he gone?

--- I think he _____ in the building.

A. nowhere; must be hiding B. nowhere; must be hidden himself

C. anywhere; hides D. everywhere; hides himself

22. --- What should we do for our environmental protection?

--- We should use as many _____ packing materials as possible.

A. environmental friendly B. environment-friendly

C. the environmentally friendly D. the environment-friendly

23. Yang Liwei is _____ first Chinese who has _____ experience of traveling in space.

A. 不填; 不填 B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. the; an

24. You should take _____ of this opportunity and try to make a good impression on them.

A. care B. advantage C. charge D. place

25. --- Thank you ever so much for your help.

--- _____.

A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking C. Think nothing of it D. You're too polite

26. It's said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There _____ be any difficulty for you to find one to stay in.

A. mustn't B. oughtn't C. shouldn't D. needn't

27. His grandfather was among the first to settle in _____ is now a famous holiday center.

A. what B. which C. where D. that

28. Our English teacher _____ Shanghai in a few days. I wonder when the earliest plane _____ on Sunday.

A. leaves; takes off B. is leaving; takes off

C. is leaving; is taking off D. leaves; is taking off

29. It is in the city _____ you're going to pay a visit to _____ this kind of beer is produced.

A. 不填; that B. where; that C. 不填; where D. that; which

30. Mike has put on so much weight this year that his mother has to _____ all his

>> 

篇11：高考英语说明文写作指导

高考英语说明文写作指导

说明文是对事物形状、性能、特点、成因等进行的理解式表达表述的文章。其形式多为文字提示或图表。这种文体使用比较广泛。科普文、产品介绍、国情或民俗介绍都属于这类文体。说明文是陈述客观事实，谓语动词通常用一般现在时态。说明文具有以下特点：

1. 科学性。介绍事物或解说事理必须揭示其本质特征。做到概念准确，判断恰当，分类清楚。

2. 客观性。写说明文时，要按照事物的本来面目如实地加以介绍、说明和解释。不能带有个人愿望或主观倾向。

3. 知识性。说明文以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁的.语言介绍事物或阐明事理，使人们获得关于某一事物的知识和道理。

4. 解说性。说明文的目的就是在于把事物、现象或道理解释、介绍清楚，让读者明白。

几点写作注意

写说明文要注意以下几点：

1. 抓住中心，分清主次。首先根据要仔细阅读文字提示或观察图表，确定文章的中心内容。再根据内容把文章文分成几个段落，每段都要拟定一个主题句。然后确定中心人称和主体时态。

2. 列全要点，扩编句子。以拟定的主题句为中心，选择恰当的词和句型组织材料，编写句子，形成段落。

3. 布局谋篇，连段成文。按照一定的逻辑顺序，用适当的过渡词把已经写好的段落串连成一篇完整的文章。

具体写作实例

例如：根据下列提示，写一篇介绍你们学校的短文。

1. 位于市中心。

2. 有50多年的历史。

3. 现有60个教学班，近3000名学生。

4. 校园美丽，教学设备先进。

5. 教师经验丰富，工作努力。

6. 已为国家培养了许多高素质人才。

7. 本校为全市最好的学校之一。

要求：词数100左右。

写作示范：

Our school is located in the center of the city. I t has a history for more than 50years. Now, there are nearly 3000 students studying hard here, who were divided into 60 classes. I t has a beautiful campus and modern teaching facilities. The teachers are well experienced and they all put their hearts into teaching. Many students with high quality have been educated since the founding of the school. It is now one of the best schools in the city.

篇12：中考英语作文详解

中考英语作文详解

(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place，___原因一_______.Furthermore，in the second place，___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People，however，differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view，on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand，____原因二_____. Therefore，there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________，but also because _________. The more _______，the more ________.

(2)利弊型的议论文

Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact，there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking，it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly，___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes，“every coin has two sides”，__讨论议题______ is no exception，and in another word，it still has negative aspects. To begin with，___缺点一______. In addition，____缺点二______.

To sum up，we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case，we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart)，___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases)，significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart，iit goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand，________. On the other hand，_______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition，________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned，I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

篇13：高考英语陷阱题动词时态详解

1. ”I _____ his telephone number.“ ”I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.“

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为”忘记“是现在的事。

【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说”我忘记他的电话号码了“，这个”忘记“应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget;第二个人说”我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了“，这个”忘记“应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：

- Oh, I ______ where he lives.

- Don't you carry your address book?

No, I ______ to bring it.

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

答案选C，理由同上。

2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.

A. was B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。

【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为”本想“，而后一句说”我太忙“，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A)：

(1) We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.

A. found B. had found

C. would find D. would have found

(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.

A. didn't B. hadn't

C. needn't D. would not have

(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.

A. had B. had had

C. would have D. would have had

(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn't get away.

A. called B. had called

C. would call D. would have called

(5) The traffic accident wouldn't have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.

A. was B. is

C. were D. had been

3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have B. looking, had

C. look, had D. looking, have

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。

【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空应填 had，因为前一句说”看看时间吧“，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，”不知道这么迟了“显然应是”过去“的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。

4. ”Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.“ ”It's 4331577.“

A. didn't B. couldn't

C. don't D. can't

【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在”没听清对方的话“。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境”请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?“可知”没听清对方的电话号码“应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：

(1)”Mr Smith isn't coming tonight.“ ”But he _____.“

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

答案选B，”他答应(要来)“应发生在过去。

(2)”Hey, look where you are going!“ ”Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _____.“

A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing

C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice

答案选B，”我没注意“是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。

(3)”Oh it's you! I ________ you.“ ”I've had my hair cut.“

A. didn't realize B. haven't realized

C. didn't recognize D. don't recognized

答案选C.”没认出是你“是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。

(4)”What's her new telephone number?“ ”Oh, I _____.“

A. forget B. forgot

C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

此题应选A，从语境上看，”忘记“的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。

(5)”Since you've agreed to go, why aren't you getting ready?“ ”But I ______ that you would have me start at once.“

A. don't realize B. didn't realize

C. hadn't realized D. haven't realized

答案选B.”没意识到“是对方提醒之前的事。

(6)”It's twelve o'clock, I think I must be off now.“ ”Oh, really? I ______ it at all.“

A. don't realize B. haven't realized

C. didn't realize D. hadn't realized

答案选C.”没意识到“是在听到的话之前的事。

5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written D. was writing

【陷阱】容易误选B或C.

【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为”史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了“。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为”史密斯先生去年写了一本书“，既然是”写了“，那么这与下文的”但我不知道他现在是否写完了“相矛盾。

6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.

A. is, is B. was, was

C. is, was D. was, is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说”他“变化很大，即”他“现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was(其实第二空也可用 used to be)。请看类例：

”What place is it?“ ”Haven't you found out we _____ back where we ______?“

A. were, had been B. have been, are

C. are, were D. are, had been

答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是”我们(现在)又回到刚才来过的地方“。

7. He is very busy. I don't know if he _____ or not tomorrow.

A. come B. comes

C. will come D. is coming

【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果)，而是宾语从句(即if=是否)，句意为”他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。“请看以下类似试题：

(1)I don't know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。

(2)”When _____ he come?“ ”I don't know, but when he _____, I'll tell you.“

A. does, comes B. will, will come

C. does, will come D. will, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句;第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。

(3)”When he _____ is not known yet.“ ”But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.“

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。

8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.

A. is dated from B. was dated from

C. dates from D. dated from

【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D.

【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是”自某时起存在至今“(=have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：

The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。

The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。

但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：

The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。

注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。

9. ”You've left the light on.“ ”Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.“

A. I'll go B. I've gone

C. I go D. I'm going

【陷阱】容易误选D.

【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，”我去把灯关掉“这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to;如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：

”I've come out without any money.“ ”Never mind, I will lend you some.“”我出来没带钱。“”没关系，我借给你。“(句中用will lend，表示”借“钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)

I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)

篇14：高考英语说明文的阅读技巧

高考英语说明文的阅读技巧

高考英语说明文阅读技巧

“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。

1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的`？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

二．说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种：

1. 细节理解题

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、

相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

3. 主旨理解题

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major

surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

4. 判断推理题。

这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2) The author suggests that...(3) The story implies that…(4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclude that...(6) The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题，这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点，要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文，并对照原文介绍的情况，弄清图示的差异，根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如：动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题，考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断，了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具，是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。

观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有”What was the author?s attitude towards ...?“ 等。

【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of ”desertification“. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

【问题设计】

According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause ”desertification“?

A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.

C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.

篇15：高考满分作文写作详解

高考满分作文写作详解

1审题立意

审题，首先要学会从材料中提炼出关键词，关键词有时在材料中非常明显，有时需要我们通过思维的延伸找出来。这个步骤非常重要，一旦在这个步骤出现差错，后面所有的努力可能都是无用功了。

我曾在解析过湖南高考作文“心在哪里，风景就在哪里”： 通过通读“最美乡村”的材料，我们不难提炼出以下几个关键词——“梦想、追求、守望、坚持、成功”等。八年的坚守和付出，把穷乡僻壤变成了“最美乡村”， “心在哪里，风景就在哪里”——抓住了这两点，就抓住了材料的核心。所以，“坚持信念成就梦想”、“守望铸就成功”等就是立意的首选。

2拟标题

题好一半 文。一个好的标题，能决定整篇文章的立意，能影响整篇文章的写作质量。所以，拟一个好的标题尤其重要。在麓山妙笔的课堂上，我们会讲很多关于拟标题的方法，在这里我就挑三种最实用的方法跟大家分享：

a. 观点型

如《善待生命》《用好网络这把“双刃剑”》《近墨者黑》《我喜欢出发》《浮生若茶》《守住心中的清月》《苦难是一笔财富》《起心动念，皆应向善》

b. 修辞型

如《父爱如山》《快乐是一粒种子》 《行板悠悠，明净如歌》《诚信“漂流记”》 《小桥?流水?人家》《依偎那片阳光》

c. 引用型

如《横看成岭侧成峰》(话题：答案是丰富多采的);引用流行歌词入题的，如《一笑而过》(话题：宽容)《常回家看看》(话题：孝);引用名句入题的，如《救救孩子》(话题：素质教育)，《让暴风雨来得更猛烈些吧》(话题：挫折)。

03选材

a.从生活中选材，以小见大，胜在有真实体验，情感真挚;

b.从阅读中选材，所看新闻、文学作品、历史故事、人物传记、哲理故事等，都可以成为写作材料。

4布局谋篇

a.文章的开头

排比开篇——(例)生命的美丽,永远展现在她的进取之中;就像大树的美丽,是展现在它负势向上高耸入云的蓬勃生机中;像雄鹰的美丽,是展现在它搏风击雨如苍天之魂的翱翔中;像江河的美丽,是展现在它波涛汹涌一泻千里的奔流中……

景物渲染——(例)我冒了严寒，回到了相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去。时候既是深冬，渐近故乡时，天色又阴晦了，冷风吹进船舱中，呜呜地响，从蓬隙向外一望，苍黄的天底下，远近横着几个萧索的荒村，没有一些活气。我的心不禁悲凉起来了。

引用佳句——(例)“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”我找到了一种豪情;“春 花秋月何时了?往事知多少”我找到了一种回首;“有约不来过夜半，闲敲棋子落灯花”我找到了一种静谧;“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑“我找到了一种壮 烈;”清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰“我找到了一种朴素。

b.文章的结尾

“首尾呼应”是考场作文的最佳方式。在文章的开头点题，在文章的结尾呼应，这样的好处是让文章浑然一体，不易跑题。

c.文章的结构

如果是记叙文，建议选择一线串珠、板块结构(小标题式)。

如果是议论文，建议用议论性散文结构，它非常灵活，也很容易理解。在麓山妙笔真题训练的课程中，有对议论性散文的详细讲解，今天在这里简单讲一讲。

① 议论性散文的框架

开头部分：以比喻、拟人、排比、引用、设问等手法起势。 明确提出中心论点。

中间部分：提出分论点一并论证。(选用一种论证方法，如面例式，即多个例子在一段)

提出分论点二并论证。(选用另一种论证方法，如点例式，即一个例子一段)

提出分论点三并论证。(再选用一种论证方法，如引用式，即引用诗文成段)

结尾部分：以优美的'语言收束并给人以启迪 。

② 分论点的提炼方法

分论点的提炼方法在这里不详细分析，在麓山妙笔的课程设计中，有差不多四个课时才能讲完，那我今天就举几个例子给大家看，应该是一看就能明白的。

例1：中心论点：我们要学会选择。

分论点1：选择，是深邃的天空刹时滑过的一颗流星。

分论点2：选择，是青春的面庞上掠过的一丝神秘的微笑。

分论点3：选择，是平静的碧波上荡起的一层美丽的涟漪。

例2：中心论点：人要有意气，有自己的意志和气概，要意气风发。

分论点1：人有意气，才能有豁达的胸襟。

分论点2：人有意气，才能千古留名，流芳百世，才能在国家危难之时挺身而出。

分论点3：人有意气，才能摧不垮，压不倒，追求不泯，意志不衰。

5文章的语言

根据自己的风格来，可以优美，可以蕴含哲理，可以朴素……

如果是记叙文，在行文过程中要注意细节描写，牢记“没有细节描写，就没有文学艺术”，方法就不讲了，在这里只提醒大家一定要有这个意识。

篇16：历年高考说明文作文

宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。

———题记

漂亮的纸牌，精致的雕像，圆润的奇石……这些东西都只能给予我一时的欢愉，而真正给予我以永久的精神指向的，不是什么华贵的东西，而仅是一张小小的皮影梅。

这张小皮影梅，是我从西安这个中国皮影戏之都带回来的。在那个皮影戏小店里，在成千上万种皮影中，我一把推开了亮丽的“五虎上将”，而将他捧在手心里。不为什么，就为了它的神韵。

皮影梅通体呈墨红色，宽约五公分，高约九公分，由梅的干、支、花三部分构成，它的干下宽上窄，呈锥形。虽不足娒指长短，亦给人一种端庄、稳重之感。干上长两支，一枝向上，一枝向下，略斜，到从干计一公分处，各枝向上下弯，形成一个“之”字形，宛若挥着武器与严寒战斗的战士一般。枝虽然不显得十分粗，但十分硬直，连弯处都有平整的棱角，彰显出铮铮铁骨的硬汉之风。而最让我欣赏，乃至于敬佩的，就是枝头上那点点红梅了。红色的花瓣衬着鹅黄的花蕊，这本应在春天与其他花儿争奇斗艳的容貌啊，竟开放在这严寒之中。所有花朵都一字儿向着东方，仿佛还在经受着寒风刺骨的摧残。但，所有梅花没有掉落一片花瓣!“红梅傲雪”，多么傲人的骨气!

也许，我对将它刻出来的工匠心存敬佩，它的手艺之精，竟可以将梅花的花蕊都刻得清清楚楚;也许，我对孕育出皮影戏文化的西安心存敬重。它的文化之深，竟可以把西汉时期的经典完整地传承下来;而我最敬佩的，却是皮影梅。不，是梅本身的一种神韵，一种气质。“墙角一枝梅，凌寒独自开”写出了梅花坚毅顽强的意志力和忍耐力。“待到山花烂漫时，她在丛中笑”写出了梅花谦逊脱俗，又豁达大度的精神。而最令我动容的，是梅花的愈寒香气愈浓的品质。面对苦寒，不但没有放弃，还回赠以香气，世间能有几人还有这种乐观心态!我也许不会在面对困难时像红梅一样乐观，“以苦作乐”，但我一定会以红梅为目标，以红梅为榜样，在面对挫折时，不退缩，不放弃，迎难而上，直到挫折认输为止!

一张小小的皮影，只是一张小小的皮影，却是我人生的精神指向!

宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来!

篇17：高考满分作文说明文

方式改变命运

周国平说：“人生由命运和对待命运的方式决定。相同的命运，方式不同，就成了本质上不同的命运。”正如营养丰富而又廉价的大豆，煮好的豆子让人肠胃胀气，而当豆子换一种方式，做成美味豆腐，它的命运就发生了翻天覆地的变化。

方式改变命运，方式成就命运。信哉，不虚言也!

最初，人生之为人，受造化的揉搓捣炼而万代延衍，革故鼎新，存续不断。千百年以来，代代相承，正因为有一群人不放弃寻找最佳的方式。

犹如最初的陶器，被用作水器、米器，卑微不过如此，但经过烈火拉坯，终至成型成器。点点色釉，就使脚下的黄泥焕然而成瓷器，被奉之庙堂，受千万人追捧。仅因方式不同，命运便重新洗牌，让人不禁感慨：方式改变命运。

然而，有多少人囿于平凡惨淡，终此一生?是的，不可否认，改变方式自有它的危险性，如跋山涉水或易坠入更黑暗的深渊，但是，仅因畏惧，我们就该墨守成规吗?纵使寻找最佳方式需要背负百座十字架，需要戴上荆棘冠，但只要心中有光，坚信方式铸就命运，我们就能心怀坚毅，奋力前行，无惧无畏，终至那绚烂辉煌之境。

不论寻找的过程有多么艰辛，也一定不可放弃，就算找到天之涯、海之角，找到生命的终结，也一定要坚信最佳的方式才是生命的金钥匙，是它让陈旧别开生面，让希望蓦然绽放，让未来豁然在眼前。如果有人问：“一滴水可以穿越沙漠吗?”墨守成规者一定哑口无言，然而试着将一滴水化为冰，那么，用冻成冰的水跨越沙漠，如何?最佳的方式，可以改变一滴水的命运，也可以改变一个人的生命。

涨潮时，鱼吃蚂蚁;退潮时，蚂蚁吃鱼。选择退潮时出行的蚂蚁就可以通过抓住最佳的方式从盘中餐变为对手的主宰者，蚂蚁和鱼并无绝对的强大，有的只是思维的强大方式改变命运，方式铸就命运，于斯可见。

破碎的葡萄可以成为甘醇的红酒，轧碎的甘蔗可以酿出玉液琼浆，……唯有改变，才有醍醐灌顶的醒悟;唯有改变，才有天眼乍开的洞见;也唯有改变，才有命运不败的盛放。

哪怕生命是一匹千疮百孔的绸子，有太多的破洞需要缝补，有太多的褴褛需要整葺，只要找到最合适的方式，也可以织出经纬，织出灿烂华章。

母爱

母亲，一个在生活中极其平凡的角色;母爱，一种人世间最高尚的情感。

有一次，我发高烧，我妈妈把我背起就上医院，等到了医院，妈妈早已是大汗淋漓，气喘吁吁，妈妈在我心中弱不禁风的形象突然变的高大无比。在我打上点滴，妈妈哄我睡觉时，我钻到妈妈怀里，那时候，我感到母亲的怀抱是那么的温暖，躺在她的怀里有一种说不出来的幸福和安全。她的怀抱像大海一样，而我只是一只小小的海螺。

俗话说：“打是亲、骂是爱”。我不可能每天都受到宠爱，迎接我的，可能是做错作业而被骂，也可能是做错了事情而被打。尤其是像我这种“淘气包”，天天弄的一身脏，一身泥，当然少不了一顿顿的责骂。比如说，星期三是“无作业日”，我去“疯玩”了一个下午，早上刚换的白衣白裤，回来弄成了“迷彩服”，气得妈妈脸都变形了!我还没发现，妈妈大喊了一声：“站起来”，我们俩个小鬼吓了一跳相互看了一下对方，突然，弟弟把刚喝的米汤喷到了我的身上，接着就是一阵哈哈大笑。我把我的外套脱下来，一看，“这是我的外套吗?是不是穿错了?”，这句话刚脱口，惹得妈妈也忍不住笑了起来。当然，还是少不了一顿骂的。

自从我升了高年级，妈妈就再也没有打过我，也很少责骂我，并且要求我自理，自己的事自己做。刚开始，我觉得挺爽，无拘无束。慢慢地觉得，没有了妈妈的打和骂，总觉得少了什么东西，学习成绩也不如以前了，自信心越来越不足了，我让妈妈严管我，妈妈说：“我不能管你一辈子，你要慢慢的学会处理自己的事情，不懂得自立的人，是永远长不大的，在适当的时候，我会给你一些建议的”。

母亲为了我们的成长，牺牲了很多，她和所有的母亲一样，普通的不能再普通。每当我想起不管严寒酷暑，妈妈骑着自行车在路口接我回家的情景，心里时常漾起一股温暖!我感受并享受着这种爱，这种爱也必将伴随我的一生。

我感谢母亲，我感谢母爱!我永远爱我的妈妈，我将妈妈的爱永远珍藏心间!

篇18：高考满分作文说明文

时钟滴答，日历一天撕去一张。在茫茫的人海里，我们走着人生的旅程。有时勤奋，有时懒散，有时快乐，有时郁闷。喜剧，悲剧，就在这人生的舞台上交替上演着。

人生如大海，无所不包。真正的人生，无人能一语涵盖，它错综复杂。但人生有一个铁的规律：拥有对某种事物崇高的爱，将成为一个对社会，对国家，对世界有用的人。

一个初冬的夜晚，我乘车从市里往我所在那座城市赶，车出市区没多久，上来一对母女，女孩五、六岁光景，母亲牵着她的手，扫视了一下车厢，便坐在靠近车尾的座位上。没多久，母女俩闹出了动静。先是售票员高喊：“塑料袋，快点，快点。”她迅捷地从司机旁边扯出几个塑料袋来，跌跌撞撞地跑过来，把塑料袋塞给了母女俩。很快，车厢里便飘散着食物酸腐的味道——母女俩晕车，并开始呕吐了。

这是一辆全封闭的客车，没有窗户可开。售票员嘴里嘟囔着，“咣咚”一声，就把车后部的天窗推开了，霎时间一股凉气灌了进来。车后的一些乘客都纷纷挤到前边去，坐着没动的除了我，那母女俩，一个学生摸样的男孩和他的母亲。男孩的妈妈关切地问：“儿子，你冷吗?”儿子摇摇头说：“不冷。”“真的不冷?”“不冷，真的。”

车继续前行。车窗外，暮色四起，两旁的建筑已变得模糊，人们能感受到的除了“呼呼”的风声外，什么都没有。这时候男孩妈妈的话语打破了车内的宁静，“儿子，冷吗?要不，妈妈把天窗关上。”“妈妈，我不冷，这样凉快呢。”儿子的话很小声，说完还把妈妈加在他身上的单衣扔在一边。

到达小城后，已是华灯初上。大家开始收拾行旅准备下车，就在这时，我发现男孩一把抓起单衣，迅速裹在身上。下车后，男孩的妈妈唠叨起来：“你不是说不冷吗?我说关上天窗的，你还说不用，看你现在冻成这样。”她一边说，一边埋下头给儿子系好衣扣，男孩规规矩矩地站在母亲面前，对她说道：“妈妈，我是想那晕车的母女俩肯定比我受点儿冷更难受，所以，我冷，但我不想说出来……”

年轻的时候，我们追求的是知识和理想。中年的时候，我们追求的是事业的成功与发展。在现实生活中，我们往往忽略了爱的存在，学会了爱，才能懂得奉献爱。在人生的道路，让我们的爱纵横驰骋吧。

篇19：2022新高考一卷英语答案详解公布

英语学科参考答案(非官方)

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

21 ~ 23 CBA 24 ~ 27 BBDA 28 ~ 31 DBCA 32 ~ 35 DCAC

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

36 ~ 40 CDBGF

第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

41 ~ 45 CADCB 46 ~ 50 ADBAC 51 ~ 55 ADCDB

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

56.  Covering	57.  the	58.  were	59.  toincrease	60.  isdesigned
61.  and	62.  populations	63.  eventually	64.  as	65.  that(which?)

第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

Dear Caroline,

I am Li Hua, who is a in charge of a program named “Talk and Talk” in the  broadcast station of our school. With sincerity, I am writing to invite you to  attend an interview for the talk show.

Here is a brief introduction to “Talk and Talk”. Taking place at 2:00 pm  every weekday and lasting 15 minutes each session, it mainly features campus  life and latest news. Also, interviews with talented students and popular  teachers are included.

The interview with you is supposed to start at 2:00 pm this Friday. It will  be highly appreciated if you share with us your teaching experiences and your  suggestions for English study. We’ll be honored if you can come. Looking forward  to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. Obviously,  he was trying to hide his depression. Holding his hands, I said gently, “David,  do you still remember what I told you before your first practice in the  cross-country team?” “Yes,” he murmured, “You said ‘you are not different unless  you think you are’.” “And that’s exactly what I am telling you now,” I held up  his face so that I could look him straight in the eyes, “No one laughs at a  person who is trying hard.” It was clear that he was touched by these words.  With lights sparkling in his eyes, David sat up and raised his head, saying,  “I’ll take part in the race.”

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.  “Ready ... Go!” The judge declared. Every other child ran fast to the best of  their ability, leaving David behind. Surprised at his awkward posture at first,  the audiences soon realized his weakness and let out of a storm of cheers. I  secretly followed him along the route. I saw sweats running down his cheers,  along with a determined look that I was familiar with. For sure, he finished  last. But in the last km, many kids, including his schoolmates and those I  didn’t know, kept him company along the way. Tears welling up in my eyes, I  couldn’t feel prouder of David. That was exactly what made my job meaningful

英语完形填空答题技巧

第一步：跳读。

带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。

第二步：选答。

这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。

第三步：推敲。

这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的 篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。

高考英语完形填空答题注意事项

1、切忌边看文章边做题。要先整体浏览全文，了解其大意，在此基础上才能开始做题。

2、切忌在阅读全文时选项。应对空格所在的上下文仔细阅读，预测可能出现的答案。

3、切忌随意选答案。遇到难以确定的题目时，要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。

4、切忌不复查就将答案填涂上答题纸。完成全部问题后应该将答案带入文章再通读全文，从整体把握文章的意思，核查答案是否合适、正确，修正与全文不相称的选项。

篇20：高考英语典型陷阱题详解•动词时态

高考英语典型陷阱题详解•动词时态

1. ”I _____ his telephone number.“ ”I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.“

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为”忘记“是现在的事。

【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说”我忘记他的电话号码了“，这个”忘记“应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说”我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了“，这个”忘记“应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：

- Oh, I ______ where he lives.

- Don't you carry your address book?

No, I ______ to bring it.

A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget

答案选C，理由同上。

2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.

A. was B. had been

C. would be D. would have been

【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。

【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为”本想“，而后一句说”我太忙“，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）：

（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.

A. found B. had found

C. would find D. would have found

（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.

A. didn't B. hadn't

C. needn't D. would not have

（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.

A. had B. had had

C. would have D. would have had

（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn't get away.

A. called B. had called

C. would call D. would have called

（5） The traffic accident wouldn't have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.

A. was B. is

C. were D. had been

3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have B. looking, had

C. look, had D. looking, have

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。

【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说”看看时间吧“，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，”不知道这么迟了“显然应是”过去“的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。

4. ”Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.“ ”It's 4331577.“

A. didn't B. couldn't

C. don't D. can't

【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在”没听清对方的话“。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境”请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？“可知”没听清对方的电话号码“应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：

（1）”Mr Smith isn't coming tonight.“ ”But he _____.“

A. promises B. promised

C. will promise D. had promised

答案选B，”他答应（要来）“应发生在过去。

（2）”Hey, look where you are going!“ ”Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _____.“

A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing

C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice

答案选B，”我没注意“是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。

（3）”Oh it's you! I ________ you.“ ”I've had my hair cut.“

A. didn't realize B. haven't realized

C. didn't recognize D. don't recognized

答案选C.”没认出是你“是说此话之前的`事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。

（4）”What's her new telephone number?“ ”Oh, I _____.“

A. forget B. forgot

C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

此题应选A，从语境上看，”忘记“的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。

（5）”Since you've agreed to go, why aren't you getting ready?“ ”But I ______ that you would have me start at once.“

A. don't realize B. didn't realize

C. hadn't realized D. haven't realized

答案选B.”没意识到“是对方提醒之前的事。

（6）”It's twelve o'clock, I think I must be off now.“ ”Oh, really? I ______ it at all.“

A. don't realize B. haven't realized

C. didn't realize D. hadn't realized

答案选C.”没意识到“是在听到的话之前的事。

5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote

C. had written D. was writing

【陷阱】容易误选B或C.

【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为”史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了“。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为”史密斯先生去年写了一本书“，既然是”写了“，那么这与下文的”但我不知道他现在是否写完了“相矛盾。

6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.

A. is, is B. was, was

C. is, was D. was, is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说”他“变化很大，即”他“现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：

”What place is it?“ ”Haven't you found out we _____ back where we ______?“

A. were, had been B. have been, are

C. are, were D. are, had been

答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是”我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方“。

7. He is very busy. I don't know if he _____ or not tomorrow.

A. come B. comes

C. will come D. is coming

【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。

【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为”他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。“请看以下类似试题：

（1）I don't know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。

（2）”When _____ he come?“ ”I don't know, but when he _____, I'll tell you.“

A. does, comes B. will, will come

C. does, will come D. will, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。

（3）”When he _____ is not known yet.“ ”But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed."

A. comes, comes B. will come, will come

C. comes, will come D. will come, comes

答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。

8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairi

篇21：考研英语作文写作方法详解

考研英语作文写作方法详解

一、首段

第一段四个句子,第一句宏观描述图画,并谈图画看似可笑但发人深思.第二句写出图画最强烈的视觉效果,第三句是主题句,谈用二十个单词的爆发力句型谈该现象对个人的发展和进步有破坏性,并引发思考,第四句是用贬义词批判这个现象是强烈的指责。

1、As is vividly depicted in the picture, which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts.

2、The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that unbelievably,

3、Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon of 主题 which seems to be disastrous to individual survival and prosperity.

4、This phenomenon of 主题 should be condemned severely or made illegal.

二、中间段落

中间段落从两方面论证问题的危害，并举例论证，预测危害的趋势

第二段七个句子,首先第一句从宏观上谈这种现象的总的有两到三个点危害或者原因,第二句谈这个现象的.第一个危 害,用 “not only, but also”的五星级句子,通常是谈对个人身心健康的危害性, 第三个句子谈第二个危害,通常是用一个豪华级的比较级的句子,让老师耳目一新,通常是谈这个现象对社会的危害.第四个句子谈对家庭或学校的危害.第五个句 子谈一个代替 “for example”的十五个单词的好句子,意思是说没有更好的例子来证明正如下文.第六个句子是例子群体的出现,谈根据一项调查表明,80%以上的人只要从 事经历过这个消极的现象一定会对个人在精神和生活上有危害.最后一句话是预测趋势的二十五个单词的钻石级的句子,谈以下预测趋势,表明这种现象再这样下 去,就会导致恶劣的结果出现,甚至是毁灭性的后果。

1、To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon, several serious effects have been put forward.

2、To begin with,主题 not only results does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in a frustrating and humiliating life.

3、In addition, nothing is more harmful than主题 to contradict with a harmonious society.

4、Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as 主题 to increase family burdens, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see.

5、No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below .

6、According to a survey made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull life or even feel loss of hope about the future.

7、If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future of something.

三、结尾段落

最后一段要强调解决问题，谈的两点建议通常是提高人们的意识，加强执法

第三段六个句子, 第一个句子是下个结论,谈解决问题的必要性.第二个句子是第一个建议谈的是加强立法惩治这个现象,第三个句子谈提高人们的觉悟关于着这个现象能提高人们对 这个现象的觉悟.第四个句子谈个谚语,谈一下实践我的建议的重要性.五个句子谈解决的任重道远.第六个句子是解决问题之后的美好的未来。

1、From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to prevent主题.

2、On the one hand, we should be sensible to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something.

3、On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the importance of saving somebody out of the evil hands of destruction.

4、However, it is easier said than done.

5、Although the fight against it is long-standing and tremendous one,our efforts will eventually pay off.

6、Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.

篇22：高二英语说明文作文

假如你是某报社记者，请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文稿，简要地报道中国开发西部的有关情况。

主要情况 范围：9个省，自治区(autonomous regions)，一个直辖市(municipality)面积：540万平方公里 人口：2.85亿

实施要点 交通(transportation)建设：修建多余公路，铁路 环境保护：退耕还林，防治污染 资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源 人才引进：广纳各类专家，技术人员

思路指津

注意：1、短文须包括所有提示要点;适当增加细节，使内容连贯。

2、短文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

3、词数：100左右。

范文：

New Development for Central and Western China

The Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and western China.

This part of China includes 9 provinces and autonomous regions and one municipality, covering an area of 5.4 million square kilometers with a population of 285 million.

The government will pay special attention to their transportation system. Some highways and railways will be built. To protect nature, farmers will return farmland to forest. Also, measures should be taken to prevent pollution. Western China is rich in natural resources, which can be exploited and made full use of. To meet the needs of the development, all kinds of experts and skilled workers are to be brought in.

We have every reason to believe that the efforts of the government will be a great success. As a result of the great project, the central and western regions of China will surely achieve greater and faster development in the new century. The people will have a better life and China will surely be richer and stronger.

高中英语说明文

Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文)

Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.

In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.

First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.

Additionally, the explosion of population in some parts of the world is manifesting its terrible results. Human beings wil1 have outgrown the earth’s resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from overcrowding. In due course, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend were not reversed.

What is more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. But there is still potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep regional hegemony. If it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the destruction of civilization.

More seriously, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening of spiritual values are aggravating due to the stress caused by the busy schedules and the extreme pursuit of money. This will further contribute to man’s isolation and loneliness.

Apparently, with all these problems facing human beings, it seems to be overwhelmingly urgent to conquer them one by one because we have only one earth and it is our home. In the new century, we must try our best to heal the world and make it a better place for you, for me and for the children who will come to this world.

篇23：高二英语说明文作文

一、介绍性说明文的写作步骤：

第一段：开头对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍(点题)

第二段：主提按照题目提供的信息分层次，按照一定的顺序进行说明，注意语言的客观简明。

第三段：结尾照应开头(题目没有特殊要求，不要对此事物发表看法)

二、常用的词句

1. 表达时间

1)a long time ago， 2) at six o’clock in the morning， 3)at the end of，

4)at the weekend， 5)before he came here， 6) by the end of last term，

7)during the summer holidays， 8)in a few years’ time， 9)in the past，

10)in the old days， 11)in the past ten years， 12) in August 2002，

13)in winter vacation， 14) in weekdays， 15) last month， 16) next week，

17)on Sunday morning， 18)on October 1st

19)since early in the 20th century， 20)so far， 21)up to now， 22) not…until， 23)while ， 24)in the 1930’s ( in the thirties of the twentieth century)

25)January， February， March ， April， May， June， July， August， September， October， November， December

2. 表达地点

1)at the crossing， 2) at the end of the street， 3)at the airport， at the village，

4)at the foot of the mountain， 5)at the bottom， 6)at the top of，

7) be located in， 8) behind the park， 9)be situated in，

10)five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou，

11)in the south of Guangdong Province， 12)in the middle of the park，

13)in Class 3 Grade 2， 14)in front of the bus， 15) in the tree，

16)in Guangdong， 17) in China，

18)lies to the west of Sichuan， 19)on the other side of the street，

20)on both sides of the road， 21) on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ，

22)on the right。

3. 表达因果

as， as a result， because， because of， for， in the end， cause， result in， consequently， originate from， since， so， therefore， It is clear that… ， It turns out to be… ， The primary reason is … ， etc.

4. 常用指路句子

1)Go along the street and take the second turning on the left/turn left at the second crossing沿着这条街往前走，在第二个十字路口向左拐。

2)Cross the bridge/Go across the bridge.过桥

3)Go on until you reach the end. 一直往前走，直到尽头。

4)It’s about 100 meters along on the right. 它就在前面靠右大约100米处。

5)Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。

6)Turn right / left at the second crossing. (Take the second turning on the right / left.) 在第二个十字路口向右 / 左转弯。

7)Take a number 46 bus， and get off at the square. 坐46路公共汽车，在广场下车。

8)It‘s on the corner of Huaihai Street and Xizang Road. 在淮海路和西藏路的路口。

9)Go straight ahead along the bund and then turn left. 沿着外滩往前走，然后往走转弯。

10)It’s only about ten minutes‘ walk. (D) 那儿离这儿只有走大约10分钟的路。

My home is not far from here. It’s only five minutes walk. 我家离这儿不远，走5分钟就到。

It is one hour’ ride from Shanghai to Suzhou. 从上海坐车到苏州有1小时的路程。

三、段落练习

1.这所中学是20世纪60年代建立的。全校目前有21个班，121位老师和1，031名学生。学生每天上七节课，放学后还有一小时的体育活动时间。该校的足球队是全市的冠军。

2.我的家乡是一个小镇。它位于河北的西部，天津的南面。虽然它很小但很漂亮。以前它很穷，现在发生了很大的变化。这里盖了许多新的工厂，学校和医院。路旁的树木和鲜花使得它显得很美丽。

3.我们的教学楼是一栋四层的楼房。老师的办公室在一层。二、三、四层共有24个教室。每个教室中有50套桌椅，一台电视机和一台录像机等物品。每层楼的顶端还各有一个语音教室。

4.金鸡牌闹钟(Gold Cock Alarm Clock)特点： 1)记时准确;2)外形多样、美观;3)闹声清脆悦耳; 4)经久耐用;5)用户评价高、行销世界各地;6)质优价廉。

Possible version：

1.This school was set up in the 1960s. At present there are 21 classes， 1，031 students and 121 teachers in the school. The students have seven lessons every day and they have an hour for sports after class in the afternoon.。 This school is famous for its football team， which is the champion in the city.

2.My hometown is a small one. It lies in the west of Hebei and to the south of Tianjin. Small as it is， it‘s very beautiful. It used to be very poor. Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. A lot of new factories， schools and hospitals have been set up. There are many flowers and trees on the roadside， which makes my hometown. all the more beautiful.

3.Our teaching building is a four-storeyed building.(Our teaching building is a building with four stories.) The teachers’ offices are on the first floor. There are 24 classrooms on the 2nd，3rd， and 4th floor. In each classroom there are 50 sets of chairs and desks. And each classroom is furnished with a TV set 。 At the end of each floor there is a language laboratory.

4.The Gold Cock Alarm Clock has been warmly received by the people and is popular all over the world as its producer is equipped with(装备) the most advanced equipment and has a strict management. Being of high quality， the clock keeps good time and lasts a long time. It has various beautiful models. And the alarm is pleasant to hear. However， the price is reasonable.

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