话题作文写作有3忌(推荐30篇)由网友“Felinae”投稿提供,以下是小编整理过的话题作文写作有3忌,希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1:话题作文写作有3忌
话题作文写作有3忌
写作不设审题障碍,淡化文体,注重表达,多角度考查学生写作水平,这在近几年的中考作文试题中得到充分体现。而将上述要求体 现得最充分的,莫过于话题作文。由于选拔考试的导向性,于是话题作文这一作文形式也大量出现在平时作文训练之中。但是在实践中,我们发现同学们在完成话题 作文时却存在一些问题,下面拟结合话题作文的写作来谈谈话题应注意的一些问题。
一忌以话题作为文章的标题。
话题作文 一般要求学生围绕话题自拟作文题目,“题好一半文”,题目的重要性不言而喻。好的作文标题或点明文旨,要言不烦;或妙用修辞,生动形象;或化用诗句,新颖 独特;或琵琶反弹,独具慧心;或老歌新唱,推陈出新。他们构成文章的第一道靓丽的风景,一下子便征服了老师的心。
可有的同学却直接以话 题作为自己的作文标题,当然,并不是说不能用话题作为文章的标题,但如果稍加分析,就会发现以话题作标题的局限性是显而易见的。从话题的作用看,话题不是 论点,也不是论题,只是我们写作时思维的起点,同学们可以由这一个点引出无数条直线,可以由此编故事、发议论、抒情感,在写作上给同学们更大的空间,将话 题直接照搬作文章标题,则与话题作文命题意图相抵牾。
从语言表述上看,话题一般是以“独词”的'形式呈现,如2002年河北省中考作文的 话题是“把握”,重庆市的作文话题是“批评”或“表扬”,江苏徐州市的作文话题是“水”,其他的话题还有“音乐”、“责任”、“第一次”等,只有极少的省 市的作文话题是短语或句子。这些话题的范围都较宽泛,这才便于同学们选材,而我们所选的材料必然只是其中的某一方面的内容,如果直接用话题作标题,不就给 人一种“题”大“文”小或“题”“文”不副的感觉吗?如果是考试,这必然会给阅卷老师留下不好印象。因此,我们在拟题时,只要所选材料和话题密切相关,那 么,我们在题目中大可不必出现话题字样。就算是在题目中要用话题,那么,我们为何不给话题加上修饰限制成分,如“康乃馨的节日”、“我在节日里”“节日的 问候”(以“节日”为话题),这样就缩小了话题的范围,不但不会使题目脱离话题,而且还使题目和文章内容相得益彰,共同形成一个有机的整体。
二忌大段摘录话题引言。
话题作文大都有一段引言。如:这些引言或叙事、或绘景、或抒情、或释理,其作用有二:一是引出话题;二是帮助学生快速打开思路。因而它大多采用一些修辞 手法,以生动优美的语言,最大限度地点燃学生创造的火花,引起学生强烈的情感共鸣,激发学生的写作欲望,使学生迅速调动自己的生活储备,酝酿、构思,以写 出极具个性的作文。2004年全国各地中考试题大多就是这样。
由于引言语言优美,于是不少同学干脆将其一字不漏地复制到自己的作文之 中,原来以为可以为文章增色不少,结果反而影响了文章的表达效果。大家都知道,考场作文尤其提倡创新精神。创新的实质就是作文要有自己鲜明的个性,所谓 “一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”,说的是阅读中读者的创造性。那么,写作中,面对同一个话题,因生活阅历、家庭背景、性格爱好、秉赋才情的不同,同学们 写出来的文章自然应是千人千面、千姿百态才是。如果我们大家将引言一抄了之,那岂不是又走入千人一面的怪圈,这种模式化作文,在阅卷老师的心目中能留下良 好的印象吗?因而写考试作文时,不管引言多么优美,都不要大段大段地摘录下来。一定要相信自己,大胆写出具有自己鲜明个性的语句,再说参加阅卷的老师大多 慧眼独具,有创造性、有才华的作文绝对不会被埋没的。
三忌作文文体不明。
话题作文大多是文体自选或文体不限,其目的是让同学们选择自己最擅长的文体来表达自己的思想情感,从而真实地考查学生的写作水平,提高考试的可信度,以利国家选拔合格人才。
可有的同学一看到“文体不限”的字样,下笔就信马由缰不管不顾起来。这样写出来的文章不伦不类,影响文章的得分。这是一个认识上的误区,“文体不限”并 不是不要文体,而是说你可以根据话题选择自己擅长的文体来写:你善于讲述事件,那么你可以选择记叙文;你知识丰富,长于解说事物、阐释整理,那么你可以选 择说明文;你精于分析说理,那么你可以选择议论文;你感情细腻、文笔优美,那么你可以编故事写小说作散文;你想象瑰丽奇特,那么你甚至可以写童话、寓言、剧本,甚至还可以运用应用文的形式来写话题作文。凡此种种,不一而足。但是,一旦我们选定了某种文体,那么就必须按照这种文体的要求来写。所以话题作文的 “不限文体”并不是没有任何限制的绝对自由。
篇2:高中语文话题作文写作五忌
一、忌复制话题
写作时不能将命题所提供的话题材料照搬不误——复制一番,然后才进入自己的“话题”。更不能通篇只是颠来倒去的解释所供材料的含义,引用所供材料的例子在原地打转转。
其实,读者不需要复制,读者需要创新。因为试题所供材料,读者已经听过了,感受过了,下面得看你的感悟和创新如何?如果写议,就要能够帮助读者深刻领悟其中道理;如果写记叙文,就要通过描述自己的亲身体验或讲述新鲜的故事,使读者有更具体、更强烈、更丰富的思想感情。有时,根据写作需要对所供的一组材料概括出具有“共性”或独具“个性”的某一见解而适当引用材料,这种情况当然不能算是“复制话题”,反而体现了写作者的创新意识了。
二、忌穿靴戴帽
近年来,话题作文对学生发挥想象能力,进行创新思维提供了相当宽泛的写作范围。但某些习作者由于领悟能力不够,想象、创新能力欠缺,同样会把原来提供的话题变成僵化呆板、穿靴戴帽的病文章。
例如:近年一次以“答案是丰富多彩的”为话题写作时,某考生居然写了这样的内容:“记得有一次,我们去自然博物馆参观,当我们看到地球仪时,讲解员问我们:‘地球为什么是圆的?’一位同学说:‘因为它在地球仪上,比较好转。’也有的说:‘为了使人看得清楚。’各种回答,千变万化,最后讲解员说:‘有位航海家在大海中一直向西行,最终达到了他的出发点,所以证明地球是圆的。’”然后,这位习作者又归结道:“的确,世界是千变万化的,疑问是层出不穷的,答案是丰富多彩的。”
以上这段文字,根本没有理解原话题的丰富的内涵,仅仅是摘引了一些语句生硬地给自己的文章“穿靴戴帽”而已,习作仍然走在缺少想象力、缺乏创新思维的老路上。
三、忌转移话题
一位考生,他的“心灵悟语”一文开头是这样的:“心,我的心不要悲哀,你要忍受命运的安排。严冬掠走的一切,新春会给你带回来。心,我的心,只要是你情乏所钟,你都可以尽量去爱。”可是后面他又接着写道:“平淡,不是与世无争,也不是无所谓,而是平常与淡然。用一颗平常而且淡然的心去面对社会的艰难和压力,就不会过于烦恼和紧张了。就象面对高考,我从小学到真是寒窗苦,为的就是在这人生的转折点上有一个好的开始,但这一路上却充满了艰辛与痛苦,即将要达到终点时,还要考虑万一没有考上大学怎么办?这时,我的平常心和淡然的心对我说话了,他告诉我不要有太多顾虑,在这12年里流的汗水会化作春雨毫不吝啬的浇在你身上,严冬夺取的一切,新春会给你夺回来。”
这篇习作,开头谈的是“爱”,后面写的却是如何看待人生路上的“难”与“苦”,明显属于“转移话题”。“心灵悟语”,可“悟”的话题有许多,“爱”心可以去“悟”,“人生”也可以“悟”,但每一篇“悟”只应围绕一个中心来写,如果前言不搭后语,驴唇不对马嘴,谁知道你“悟”出了什么道理呢。
四、忌文意散漫
一般来说,话题提供的是写作范围,并没有规定写作的主旨。所以,在话题规定的范围内,还要“炼意”,也就是提炼自己文章的中心思想。如果在这一环节下功夫不够,没有考虑好自己究竟要写什么,要表达什么意思,就匆匆忙下笔,就有可能东拉西扯,多头指向,文意散漫,不知所云。
例如:有位习作者写《答案是丰富多彩的》,开头三段写学生学习负担太重;接着写李素丽如何在平凡的岗位上成为劳动模范;再下来写一个故意开枪伤人的派出所所长被判死刑;最后又写到做数学题可以一题多解。这样一篇文章,七零八落,让人不知所云,是典型的文意散漫,东拉西扯的病文。
五、忌缺少创新
话题作文的审题难度大为降低,内容更加宽泛,而且更加淡化文体观念。围绕一个话题,可以议论,可以记叙,可以说明,甚至可以编写出小小说或短剧,形式非常自由。
正由于话题作文在内容和形式上彻底松绑,学生可以极大地发挥创造力和想象力。可是,由于旧教学思想的影响,学生的作文中仍有不少八股味。写记叙文只会一味赞“心灵美”,编造虚假题材;也有写“悲壮美”的,以损害父母身体健康为代价编造所谓“车祸”换来“我追求的品格——坚韧”、“战胜脆弱”的作文得高分者也大有人在。(由于以前作文命题的欠缺,造成虚假、编造的作文已越来越此路不通了。)
现代社会,人文精神已渗透到生活的各个领域,在作文中写出活生生的富有个性的人,极有创意、大胆想象的科幻故事等是我们中学生应该尽力追求的目标。但要达到这个目标,必须广泛阅读课外书籍,关心未来世界,着眼科学素质的培养,重视想象力的开发,只有这样,才能使你的作文有创新、有特色。
篇3:高考语文作文有哪些写作技巧?写作忌什么?
高考语文作文写作方法总结
1、高考语文作文写作:要多阅读
对于高考时的作文写作,大家并不知道会出什么样的题目,而难点也就在这里,要大家在高考的考场上临时发挥。
这时就体现出多阅读的重要性了,平常多读书就会掌握足够多的文化精品,高考生的脑海中就会有许多的作文素材可以利用,就算不会写,也可以通过平常的积累,东拼拼,西凑凑也是可以出来一篇文章的,如果再加上自己的一点理解和润色,那么这就是一篇不错的高考作文成品。
2、高考语文作文写作:多仿多写
说到这里小编要告诉高考生们的是仿写不是照着写,仿写是要高考生们学着其他作者的写作方式和手法,而不是仿内容,这里要掌握好一个度,并且多仿写也是可以提升自己的写作能力的,在仿写的过程中会产生出自己的感悟,也许可能会作文的仿写中找出适合自己的写作风格和手法呢。
而且作文最重要的就是要多写作,也能够锻炼高考生们在考场上的写作时间。
3、高考语文作文写作:要学会自我分析
在做到了多阅读,多仿多写这些后,只能写出不错的语文作文,要想写出更好的语文作文,还有重要的一点,就是要学会自我分析。
语文作文是一个很多灵活的东西。没有所谓的标准,只要你遵循它的要求和条件,剩下的就要自已去发挥了,但是在作文的写作中如果能做到自我的分析,这会让你的语文作文更上一层楼,也就是能在高考的语文作文中取得一个好的成绩。
高考语文作文写作忌什么
1、高考语文作文写作忌转移话题
在作文写作时,题目给出了什么考生们就要围绕这个中心去写,不能转移其他的话题,否则就会造成前言不搭后语的问题出现。
2、高考语文作文写作忌缺少创新和创意
其实高考时作文的写作并不困难,为了考察高考考生们的创新能力,高考的作文考题大都比较广泛,什么写作形式都可以,这时就要看哪个考生能够有想像力和创造力了,再好的语文作文如果缺少创新永远都不会得到高分。
篇4:高考语文作文有哪些写作技巧?写作忌什么?
1、高考语文作文写作忌转移话题
在作文写作时,题目给出了什么考生们就要围绕这个中心去写,不能转移其他的话题,否则就会造成前言不搭后语的问题出现。
2、高考语文作文写作忌缺少创新和创意
其实高考时作文的写作并不困难,为了考察高考考生们的创新能力,高考的作文考题大都比较广泛,什么写作形式都可以,这时就要看哪个考生能够有想像力和创造力了,再好的语文作文如果缺少创新永远都不会得到高分。
写作技巧
篇5:高考作文指导:高考话题作文写作五忌
话题作文,出题者只是提供一个写作的由头,意在引出习作者发表新议论,展开新联想,讲述新故事,抒发新感情。所以,写作时不能将命题所提供的话题材料照搬不误——复制一番,然后才进入自己的“话题”。更不能通篇只是颠来倒去的解释所供材料的含义,引用所供材料的例子在原地打转转。
其实,读者不需要复制,读者需要创新。因为试题所供材料,读者已经听过了,感受过了,下面得看你的感悟和创新如何?如果写议,就要能够帮助读者深刻领悟其中道理;如果写记叙文,就要通过描述自己的亲身体验或讲述新鲜的故事,使读者有更具体、更强烈、更丰富的思想感情。有时,根据写作需要对所供的一组材料概括出具有“共性”或独具“个性”的某一见解而适当引用材料,这种情况当然不能算是“复制话题”,反而体现了写作者的创新意识了。
篇6:高考作文指导:高考话题作文写作五忌
近年来,话题作文对学生发挥想象能力,进行创新思维提供了相当宽泛的写作范围。但某些习作者由于领悟能力不够,想象、创新能力欠缺,同样会把原来提供的话题变成僵化呆板、穿靴戴帽的病文章。
例如:近年一次以“答案是丰富多彩的”为话题写作时,某考生居然写了这样的内容:“记得有一次,我们去自然博物馆参观,当我们看到地球仪时,讲解员问我们:‘地球为什么是圆的?’一位同学说:‘因为它在地球仪上,比较好转。’也有的说:‘为了使人看得清楚。’各种回答,千变万化,最后讲解员说:‘有位航海家在大海中一直向西行,最终达到了他的出发点,所以证明地球是圆的。’”然后,这位习作者又归结道:“的确,世界是千变万化的,疑问是层出不穷的,答案是丰富多彩的。”
以上这段文字,根本没有理解原话题的丰富的内涵,仅仅是摘引了一些语句生硬地给自己的文章“穿靴戴帽”而已,习作仍然走在缺少想象力、缺乏创新思维的老路上。
篇7:高考作文指导:高考话题作文写作五忌
话题作文的审题难度大为降低,内容更加宽泛,而且更加淡化文体观念。围绕一个话题,可以议论,可以记叙,可以说明,甚至可以编写出小小说或短剧,形式非常自由。
正由于话题作文在内容和形式上彻底松绑,学生可以极大地发挥创造力和想象力。可是,由于旧教学思想的影响,学生的作文中仍有不少八股味。写记叙文只会一味赞“心灵美”,编造虚假题材;也有写“悲壮美”的,以损害父母身体健康为代价编造所谓“车祸”换来“我追求的品格——坚韧”、“战胜脆弱”的作文得高分者也大有人在。(由于以前作文命题的欠缺,造成虚假、编造的作文已越来越此路不通了。)
现代社会,人文精神已渗透到生活的各个领域,在作文中写出活生生的富有个性的人,极有创意、大胆想象的科幻故事等是我们中学生应该尽力追求的目标。但要达到这个目标,必须广泛阅读课外书籍,关心未来世界,着眼科学素质的培养,重视想象力的开发,只有这样,才能使你的作文有创新、有特色。
篇8:高考作文指导:高考话题作文写作五忌
一位考生,他的“心灵悟语”一文开头是这样的:“心,我的心不要悲哀,你要忍受命运的安排。严冬掠走的一切,新春会给你带回来。心,我的心,只要是你情乏所钟,你都可以尽量去爱。”可是后面他又接着写道:“平淡,不是与世无争,也不是无所谓,而是平常与淡然。用一颗平常而且淡然的心去面对社会的艰难和压力,就不会过于烦恼和紧张了。就象面对高考,我从小学到真是寒窗苦,为的就是在这人生的转折点上有一个好的开始,但这一路上却充满了艰辛与痛苦,即将要达到终点时,还要考虑万一没有考上大学怎么办?这时,我的`平常心和淡然的心对我说话了,他告诉我不要有太多顾虑,在这12年里流的汗水会化作春雨毫不吝啬的浇在你身上,严冬夺取的一切,新春会给你夺回来。”
这篇习作,开头谈的是“爱”,后面写的却是如何看待人生路上的“难”与“苦”,明显属于“转移话题”。“心灵悟语”,可“悟”的话题有许多,“爱”心可以去“悟”,“人生”也可以“悟”,但每一篇“悟”只应围绕一个中心来写,如果前言不搭后语,驴唇不对马嘴,谁知道你“悟”出了什么道理呢。
篇9:高考作文指导:高考话题作文写作五忌
一般来说,话题提供的是写作范围,并没有规定写作的主旨。所以,在话题规定的范围内,还要“炼意”,也就是提炼自己文章的中心思想。如果在这一环节下功夫不够,没有考虑好自己究竟要写什么,要表达什么意思,就匆匆忙下笔,就有可能东拉西扯,多头指向,文意散漫,不知所云。
例如:有位习作者写《答案是丰富多彩的》,开头三段写学生学习负担太重;接着写李素丽如何在平凡的岗位上成为劳动模范;再下来写一个故意开枪伤人的派出所所长被判死刑;最后又写到做数学题可以一题多解。这样一篇文章,七零八落,让人不知所云,是典型的文意散漫,东拉西扯的病文。
篇10:材料作文的写作“四忌”
材料作文的写作“四忌”
1、忌抛开材料,“另起炉灶”。材料作文和话题作文尽管都有材料,但二者对材料的处理有所不同。话题作文强调的是相关,材料可用可不用;材料作文所提供的材料是写作的依据,包孕着文章的主旨,材料在文中必须出现。不少考生写惯了话题作文,导致忽视了材料作文中的材料,以致于“另起炉灶”。
2、忌不按指令写作。材料作文的试题,一般包括两上部分,一部分是材料,另一部分是写作要求。写作要求或以提示语出现,或另列出“要求”、“注意”。审题时,不仅要吃透材料,还必须看清写作的具体要求,按照试题的指令写作。切忌不看要求,或未看清要求,即下笔千言,却离题万里。
3、忌观点提炼不准确。材料作文的'文章主旨是从材料中得来的,考生如果在阅读材料时提炼的观点背离了材料的内涵,那么将直接导致该篇作文的失败,即是“皮之不存毛将焉附?”。
4、忌漠视材料中的关键句。作为材料作文,每篇材料都有关键句,只不过有的不明显而已。关键句在文段中所起的作用或画龙点睛或提纲挈领,一些考生过分的强调整篇材料主旨而忽视了关键句,导致写出的文章很难出彩。
其他的优秀作文素材:
成功者从不等待时机成熟
中国最早的国旗
孤儿为“勇气”号命名
篇11:托福写作有哪些常见话题
托福写作有哪些常见话题
1. 全球化影响
There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?
2. 政府投资
People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?
3. 科技影响
Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4. 文化类
i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?
ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?
5. 生活工作
Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?
6. 传媒类
Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
7. 广告类
There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?
8. 环境类
It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
9. 动物类
Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?
10. 教育类
i. Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.
新托福写作考试技巧盘点
1.指令一出来就立刻跳过。
你对指令应该已很熟悉,因此只要指令一出现就立刻用鼠标点Continue,将你的时间省下来用在答题上。如果综合写作任务的内容你并不熟悉,不要担心。新托福写作所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里。回答这些问题不需要有任何背景知识。
2.仔细地阅读材料。
你只有有限的阅读时间。阅读段落时,仔细记笔记。注意主要观点和主要的支持信息。不要写下你读到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。
3.仔细听。
每段你只能听一次。考试时你不能重复这些段落。边听边仔细记笔记。不要写下你听到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。主要要记下所听材料的要点即可。
4.组织自己的回答。
新托福写作技巧回答应包括说明阅读段落和听力段落之间关系的主题句、支持主题句的重要材料、关于阅读材料的一个段落、关于听力材料的一个段落。
5.利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。
如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的,你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。
6.坚持使用你所知道的词汇、句子结构和语法点。
这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。
提前几分钟写完你的答案,留出编辑校对的时间。你应该利用最后的3~5分钟检查自己的回答,看看是否有句子结构问题和语法错误。
托福写作议论文的原则
一般来说,一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段,对全文的论点提供理由支持。初学者在练习议论文写作时,必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则,这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。这几个简单原则包括:
1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic sentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences.
(每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句)
2. Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.
(支持句必须围绕主题句展开)
根据第2条的原则,我们来看看下面这个主体段:
Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school. Third, a person's free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.
这段话的topic sentence很明显-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”,之后的支持句从三方面阐述hobby的重要性(first, second, third),但段中这句话“A person can also meet other people by going the school”与hobby重要的原因没有关系,因此削弱了整个段落的连贯性与统一性,应该被去掉。
3. Add details. To write a more fully developed paragraph, you need to add details to your supporting ideas. Your details can be facts, examples, personal experiences, or descriptions.
(需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落)
根据第3条的原则,我们来看下面这个段落:
The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. The museums provide unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.
这是一个成功的主题段,请注意这段话中段落细节展开的几种形式-提供事实、举例、个人经历和描述。我们把这个段落拆分后进行分析:
Topic sentence
(主题句)
The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons.
Supporting idea 1
(支持理由1)
The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone.
Details – facts
(细节展开-提供事实)
These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others.
Supporting idea 2
(支持理由2)
A person can do more than just look at the exhibits.
Details – examples
(细节展开-举例)
For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.
Supporting idea 3
(支持理由3)
The museums provide unforgettable experiences.
Details – personal
experience
(细节展开-个人经历)
In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space.
Supporting idea 4
(支持理由4)
Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world.
Details – description
(细节展开-描述)
In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding
托福写作满分作文学习
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
In most cases, one should never judge a person by external appearances. Sometimes when I walk down the street at night, I avoid people who are acting tough and loud, but in general, I prefer to reserve judgment until I get to know someone. Judging someone by external appearance can be deceptive. Judgments based on external appearances prevent you from getting to know a person reinforce stereotypes, and are superficial and limiting.
In high school, I stayed away from students who were called the “bad students” because they dressed a certain way. I wanted nothing to do with them. I later had the chance to meet one of these “bad students” because of our mothers, we started talking and I realized that we had a lot in common. My impression of him was very different once I got to know him.
If you form an opinion of someone based on stereotypes, you risk never getting to know someone who is different. You may are be missing out on an opportunity to make a good friend. In addition, you are reinforcing that stereotype by believing it without given the person a chance. If you take the time to get to know the person, you might become friends.
Judging people by external appearance is superficial and often unfair. After all, you don't know what circumstances the person might be facing or who the person really is. Perhaps the person comes from a less fortunate family than you and cannot afford the kind of stylish clothes your friends wear. However, that does not mean the person is less intelligent or interesting than you are.
People should not be naive about new people they meet, but should take time to get to know them. External appearance often does not tell us anything about a person. Judging someone by their appearance is misleading, reinforces stereotypes, and is limiting. Doing so could prevent you from making a true friend.
63 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
A person should never make an important decision alone. Important decisions should be well thought out. People who know you well, know what is best for you. People close to you can give you good advice, give you a different perspective, or share their own experience.
When I had difficulty deciding which classes to take in college, I talked to my teachers and advisors. They had the knowledge and expertise to help me determine which classes were the best ones to take for my future career. Without their advice, I might have chosen unsuitable courses.
In college, I had convinced myself that I was not good enough to act in the school play. Therefore, I decide not to audition even though drama bad always been my passion. The day of the auditions, a friend of mine asked me why I wasn't auditioning. When I told her I didn't feel I was good enough, she was shocked. She was able to provide me with another perspective on myself and my talents. I rethought my decision and tried out... and got a lead in the play.
Last year when I was trying to decide whether or not I should study overseas, I talked to my friend. This was the best thing I could have done. This was a big decision for me because I had never been overseas on my own and I wasn't sure I could do it. She had studied overseas the previous year. She told me about the challenges and opportunities I might encounter and helped me make the right decision. I went and it was amazing!
Whenever I am faced with an important decision, I seek advice from others so that I am well-informed and have the benefit of their perspective and experience.
篇12:托福独立写作3大类常见话题论点
托福独立写作3大类常见话题论点
托福独立写作常用论点/理由一览
针对独立写作的常见话题,大致可归成三类:个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现,讨论政府的投资或者政策,有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现,但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题,也可以划为政府类,比如 Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)
1. 个人类常用论点理由分享
学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..
工作机会、赚钱…….
交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….
品质(自信,独立,坚持,乐观 ) / 兴趣爱好
身体健康、放松心情…….
省时间、省钱、省精力………..
2. 古今类常用论点理由汇总
现代社会的优点:
教育: 先进全面鼓励个性
工作:种类丰富机会多
医疗:治愈缓解更多疾病
技术:网络电子产品汽车
公共设施:便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮
法律制度:保障个人权利
媒体:揭露真相传播信息
人与人:互动频繁、方便
经济进步:更充裕的钱和无助
世界和平:更少的战争伤亡
现代社会的缺点:
环境问题(污染,能源消耗)
生活压力(学习,工作)
欺骗敲诈
3. 决策类常用论点理由介绍
注:除了使用个人类常用理由,针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目,建议多角度讨论,以下是常见的讨论角度:
3.1 大众 individuals
对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)
是不是我们每个人都需要的?(大多数/ 小众)
3.2 相关群体relativegroups
题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等
3.3 企业companies
企业有钱,可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域
3.4 社会 Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …
托福考试作文独立写作范文:教育孩子最好的方式
现在有一些学校require children(5-11岁) to work together instead of working on their own during most of their learning process, do you agree or disagree that is the best way to teach children?
托福写作模板及参考答案:
托福写作范文参考:
10月16日托福独立写作范文
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Many schools require young children (aged 5-11) to work together in a small group instead of working alone to learn man activities.
Educators and researchers have never stopped the examination of the importance and relevance of collaborative learning that are encouraged by middle schools. When compared with studying alone, I, personally, believe that it is far more beneficial to students when working in groups for the following reasons.
First off, working in a group can be very conducive for students since they can help students to study more effectively and thus tackle real-world issues. A recent study conducted by University of Minnesota backed up the claim that study teams, collaborative learning and group projects are far more effective in helping students to develop useful skills than traditional teacher-led teaching approach. In fact, when learning in groups, students have to do some research about the topic they are expected to discuss beforehand, which helps them to clear up some misunderstandings and boast their enthusiasm in academic exploration. Clearly, working in a group can help students to retain information for a much longer time and have a much deeper understanding of some concepts and ideas. Consequently, if teachers categorize students and organize them in small study groups, chances are that they would solve complex issues together, like researching the history of the city, examining the water quality of the local town, so on and so forth. Students can develop critical thinking skills as well as learn to collect and analyze information from multiple sources.
Additionally, working in groups has much deeper implications beyond students’ academic experience. As the saying goes: “many hands make light work”. Actually it remains as relevant today as it did a century ago. To be more specific, working together helps to develop skills like cooperation, organization and leadership. When learning in a group, every single student gets a chance to contribute their knowledge to the group, and they can learn to appreciate the work of other students simultaneously as well. What’s more, they have to work closely with others for the same goal otherwise they might not be able to compete with other study groups. More importantly, students will get exposure to distinctive perspectives and at the same time learn how to accept different points of view and find common ground in this process. Such an educational experience will not only be helpful for their future study but also beneficial to them when they have to deal with coworkers, clients, and teammates in a professional setting in the future. Numerous studies have shown that students who have prior experience working with others enjoy a better chance to be successful in their future career.
In conclusion, working together in a group has far more meaningful implications than working alone since collaborative learning helps students to learn much more effectively and develop important skills that are vital for their future study and career.
托福考试作文独立写作范文:城市领导如何保障城市繁荣
As the leader of a city, what would you doto ensure the prosperity and success of the city?
A. creating job opportunities for theunemployed;
B. lowering food price;
C. providing affordable housing
题目大意:作为一个城市的领导想要保障城市的繁荣,要做以下三项:为失业人员提供就业机会,降低食物价格,提供经济适用房。波波建议选择为失业人员提供工作,证明其重要性,然后另外一段将两个选项的不必要性阐述明白。
范文参考一:
In a society changing amazingly, that how to gurantee the prosperity and success of a city, the common target of all citizens,has always been brought under the spotlight of the massive media. When talking about which factor plays the most crucial role in ensuring city's smooth development, among creating job vacancy, lowering food price or adjusting housing price, people’s notion varies from one to another. From my perspective, providing job opportunities for the unemployed is the best choice.
In the first instance, offering job vacancies to the laid-offs will not only guarantee the social security and safety but also strengthen the purchasing power of the public. For one thing, given the indisputable fact that the unemployed without any income are likely to commit crimes such as theft of wallets or burglaries due to lack of daily necessities, it is self-evident that the greater the number of laid-offs is, the more unstable our society will become. Therefore, after satisfying their basic needs of life with the income from the job offered by the government, they will no longer be a threat to the stability of the whole society, which is the solid foundation for social progress and prosperity. For another, as long as citizens with jobs have more free disposable money and thus possess stronger purchasing monitory power, the various industries will be stimulated and propelled to a large extent. To be specific, with the accruing wealth, an increasing number of people will purchase a private car to commute to their office, with the result that the whole industry of automobiles will experience a booming period. The same logic can also be true of other industries and fields.
Furthermore, there are obvious disadvantages of the other two policies, lowering the food price and making the price of house affordable. Despite the fact that keeping the food price low and providing affordable housing will lessen the financial burden of the dwellers in the city in a short term, these two practices would hinder the future success of the whole society. To illustrate, the low price of food will definitely decrease the income of food producers, especially the farmers who support their family by selling what they plant and raise. As a result, they are likely to have great difficulty in making their ends meet, thus ending up becoming homeless or jobless. Also, in a long run, increasing housing affordability will put a damper on the citizens’ passion for creating wealth and thus decrease the dynamics of the whole society. Specifically speaking, when the price is so cheap that nearly everyone can afford it with ease, no one will work hard any more.
In a nutshell, I am convinced that the most effective and efficient way to boom a city is to create more job opportunities for the jobless.
写作参考二:
All governments on the planet engage in finding the best methods to develop their country into a more powerful nation with abundant resources. These methods are supposed to cover as many people as possible and with no doubt, be effective enough to bring about profits as soon as possible. Among all the approaches that are aiming at advancing a country, I firmly believe that the issues associated with food is more important and should be paid more attention to by countries.
First of all, under no circumstances can human live without food supply, which is the premise of all human activities. As a result, solving the problems in agriculture and the availability of food to all people is an essential factor in the development of a country. When people have rice to eat, they have more energy to work in the fields; when people are supplied with meat, they are more passionate in manufacturing crafts and tools; when people have cheaper fruits on the markets, they become more willing to serve his customers at work; when people have easier access to clothes, they are more inspired in doing researches and experiments. No progress can be made with hungry stomachs.
Second, it is easier to advance agriculture than to create more job positions for unemployed workers. Increasing agricultural production depend largely on good command of planting or farming knowledge and technology. For the knowledge aspect, information can be obtained through diverse channels like books, magazines and the internet, where information is not only authorized but also comprehensive. For the technology aspect, the governments can either invest in researches in crop properties or genetic modification or purchase equipment or technology from those few highly developed countries who fulfill the responsibility to help more other countries. Nonetheless, creating work opportunities is not that easy, since companies, either state owned or privately owned, have certain precise requirement for the number of workers according to the types of business they undertake and current situation of the market.
Finally, promoting the food industry benefit more people than affordable housing can do. As we have discussed above, food is needed by everybody and better agricultural conditions make a so great difference that it extends how far a government can go. In contrast, few people need houses, especially in this modernized society, as a direct consequence of building more housing apartments, most individuals already possess a house to live in, where means whether the houses are affordable or not has little or no influence on the overall development of the country.
To sum up, I believe what we eat means more than what we do and where we live. The leaders of all countries should focus more on the improvement of food availability and more and more people will live a happier life.
英语写作
篇13:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to ask for your help finding accommodation in Australia. My name is Mark Smith, and I am married with two young children. A recent promotion at work has meant that I will soon be based in Sydney instead of London, and so we are hoping to emigrate as soon as possible.
Our plan is to find rented accommodation for at least the first year of our stay in Australia. Ideally, we would like a detached house with three or four bedrooms and a good-sized garden so that the children have somewhere to run around.
We would prefer a quiet, suburban location within easy commuting distance of the city centre. The local schools are an important consideration, and we would like to be close to shops and other amenities.
I hope you can help us with our house search, and I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Mark Smith(157)
4月26日雅思写作机经真题预测
篇14:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic become a problem. What are the causes of that and what actions could be taken to solve the problem? 721
A large number of young people cannot find a job when they leave university. What problems will youth unemployment cause for individuals and for society? Give some measures to help reduce unemployment. 2012811
Some people think that developing countries should invite large foreign companies to set up offices and factories to help economic growth. Others believe that developing countries should keep these large companies out and develop local companies instead. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.(201217)
The spread of multinational companies and globalization produce positive effects on everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 201229
There is no longer necessary to have animal as food or animal product such as clothing and medicine do you agree and disagree. 2012428
Food has become cheaper and food production has increased thanks to enlarged manufacturing capacity, the use of fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people believe that this will do harm to the health of humans and the local community as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2012519
篇15:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Others, however, believe that it is a waste of money since the public can use the Internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.(2012112)
Full-time university students spend much of their time on study. Some people think that it is essential for them to take some other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2012225
4. Schools should concentrate on teaching children academic subjects which are useful in their future careers. Subjects like music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?(041023)
Some people believe everyone has the right to get university education. To what extent do you agree government should make it free to all people no matter of their financial background?201296
篇16:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
In recent years, ‘responsible tourists’ have paid attention to preserving both culture and environment of the places they visit. However, some people say that it is impossible to be a responsible tourist. Do you agree or disagree? 127
篇17:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
Some people think government should be responsible for providing financial support to old people after they retire, but others believe individuals should save money for themselves. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 201366
The restoration of old buildings in major cities in the world spends numerous government expenditures. This money should be used in new housing and road development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013727
Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want. Others otherwise believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water as it is a limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 20139 28
篇18:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
Some people think that the Olympic Games is an exciting event and can enhance communications between nations. Others, however, think that it is a waste of money. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.(1020)
Some people argue that the government should support the funds for arts, while others suggest that the money should be used for public health and education. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 526
Some people think news has no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read news in the newspaper and watch news programs in television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?201269
Some visitors are interested in other countries' cultures and traditions. How they learn other cultures and traditions? Why this is interesting to some visitors but not to others?2012630
Nowadays it is more convenient and easier for people to travel to other countries. Do you think the positive effects exceed the negative effects? 20121020
篇19:3种方法让你优雅引出雅思写作话题
Some people think all lawbreakers should be put into prison, others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss and give your opinion. 216
雅思写作小作文预测
柱状图:学习动机The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different groups and the amount of support they received from employers.
饼图:服务问卷The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to the Parkway Hotel how they rated the hotel's customer service. The same questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years and 2010.
流程图:废纸回收The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
表格:消费开支The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in .Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002
线图:老龄人口The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
篇20:中考突破话题作文3:“爱”的写作指导
“爱”的写作指导
把我的话当作爱的箴言,
因为我只想你最好。
把我的爱装进你的路途,
无论你走到世界何处,
它们始终属于你,
并且永远属于你。
——题记
母爱,是人类一个亘古不变的主题。
我们赋予它太多的诠释,也赋予它太多的内涵。
没有历史史诗的撼人心魄,没有风卷大海的惊波逆转,母爱就象一场春雨,一首清歌,润物无声,绵长悠远。更多请进入20中考作文指导专题
当代散文家余秋雨在一篇文章中写道:“一切远行者的出发点总是与妈妈告别……而他们的终点则是衰老……暮年的老者呼喊妈妈是不能不让人动容的,一声呼喊道尽了回归也道尽了漂泊”。
“我在母亲的怀里,母亲在小舟里,小舟在月明的大海里。”淡淡中渗透着严厉的气息,这就是母亲给我的爱。
迷惘的双眼无辜时,母亲的关怀是最多的回忆。知识的担子是如此的沉重,而在深夜中,挑灯的是妈妈伴我学习的影子。
母亲的爱是深红色的,是一片深红色的大海。虽然偶然澎湃,但却是爱得太深。平静时,总是缓和的,等你触摸到海水,你会深深地感觉到一股滚烫的浆液,无时无刻都是温暖的。
有了母爱,人类才从洪荒苍凉走向文明繁盛;有了母爱,社会才从冷漠严峻走向祥和安康;
有了母爱,我们才从愁绪走向高歌,从顽愚走向睿智;有了母爱,也才有了生命的肇始,历史的延续,理性的萌动,人性的回归。
“随风潜入夜,润物细无声。”涓涓的母爱如沥沥的细雨滋润着我们的一生,当我们走进学堂,拿起笔,记述爱的音符时,母爱是最真切的爱。
母爱是天涯游子的最终归宿,是润泽儿女心灵的一眼清泉,它伴随儿女的一饮一啜,丝丝缕缕,绵绵不绝,于是,在儿女的笑声泪影中便融入了母爱的缠绵。
母爱就象一首田园诗,幽远纯净,和雅清淡;
母爱就是一幅山水画,洗去铅华雕饰,留下清新自然;
母爱就象一首深情的歌,婉转悠扬,轻吟浅唱;
母爱就是一阵和煦的风,吹去朔雪纷飞,带来春光无限。
母爱就是一生相伴的盈盈笑语,母爱就是漂泊天涯的缕缕思念,母爱就是儿女病榻前的关切焦灼,母爱就是儿女成长的殷殷期盼。
想起了母亲,志向消沉就会化为意气风发;想起了母亲,虚度年华就会化为豪情万丈;想起了母亲,羁旅漂泊的游子就会萌发起回家的心愿;想起了母亲,彷徨无依的心灵就找到了栖息的家园。
时光如水,年华易逝,似水流年淡去我们多少回忆,却始终不改我们对母亲的绵绵思念。莺归燕去,春去秋来,容颜渐老,白发似雪。儿女在一天天长大,母亲却在一天天衰老。当儿女望见高堂之上的白发亲娘,他们都会投入母亲怀抱,热泪涟涟!
母爱也是文学和音乐的永恒主题。文人以母爱为题,写出的文章便滋润蕴籍;乐师以母爱为题,弹奏的曲调便清柔幽美,余韵绵绵。更多请进入年中考作文指导专题
“慈母手中线,游子身上衣。临行密密缝,意恐迟迟归。谁言寸草心,报得三春晖”。唐代诗人孟郊,历经坎坷,穷困愁苦,而母亲的笑容却时刻令他梦萦魂牵。在他得知母亲将来的时候,掩不住脸上的笑容,按不住心中的喜悦,抖落衣冠上层累的风霜,拂去心头积淀的风尘,携妻将雏,到溧阳城外迎接母亲。芳草萋萋,花香阵阵,白云舒卷,碧野晴川,处处洋溢着儿子不尽的思念。母子相依,热泪盈眶,握着妈妈温暖的双手,望着母亲苍老的容颜,不禁怆然饮泣,感慨万千,提笔赋诗,情思涌动,在孟郊笔下,就熔铸了这首饱含母爱的《游子吟》,诚挚深切,传诵千年。
唐代诗人杜甫,一生颠沛流离,栖止不定。他在安史之乱后回到家乡时,已田园寥落,物是人非。凄苦忧愁,睹物伤怀,他将忧国忧民之心与思母之情相融合,互相生发,写成感人肺腑的《无家别》。“永痛长病母,五年委沟溪。生我不得力,终身两酸嘶。人生无家别,何以为蒸黎!”言词悲切,凄苦哀绝,足以令人慷慨动容,下千秋之泪。
东汉末年,蔡文姬被乱兵掳至匈奴,作别家国,万里投荒。在被汉使赎回时,母子诀别,含悲引泪,亲朋相送,凄凉感伤。她在所作《悲愤诗》中写道:“已得自解免,当复弃儿子。天属缀人心,念别无会期……号泣手抚摩,当发复回疑”。凄怨哀伤,声节悲凉,读之使人落泪。唐人曾以此为题,作胡笳之曲,如泣如诉,欲歌欲哭,一种醇烈的母子之情充溢于曲调之间。
让世界充满爱“轻轻地捧着你的脸,为你把眼泪擦干,这颗心永远属于你,告诉我不再孤单……”
听着群星唱这首《让世界充满爱》,我想到电视里的一段情节:一个身系几大重案的的犯罪嫌疑人,不管刑警怎么用法律威吓他,他就是铁嘴钢牙,死不开口。后来几位女干警找到了他失踪了十几年的母亲--从小唯一爱他,关心他的人,他与母亲拥抱的那一刹那,泪流满面,也说出全部的犯罪经过。让犯罪分子感化的东西,叫亲情。
“我们同欢乐,我们同忍受,我们怀着同样的期待……”
记得《名扬四海》里,那六个小时侯玩在一起的朋友,长大后在大都市中相遇了。他们一起哭,一起笑。在实现理想的过程中,他们像小时侯一样互相帮助,互相扶持,为朋友的成就而高兴。最后,他们遵守小时侯的约定:在实现梦想的时候回到他们一起成长的地方。让他们不放弃理想与约定的东西,叫友情。
“我们共风雨,我们共追求,我们珍存同一样的爱……”
曾及何时,有个小汤山医院,那是非典最危险的前线。从全国各地来的医生,护士们,整日穿着厚厚的衣服在里面忙碌着。他们不顾家人和孩子,不顾自己的生命,终日在与非典战斗着,在他们眼里,只能读到一种坚定的信念--我们一定会胜利!在他们的共同努力下,中国走过了那场灾难。让中国走过灾难的东西,叫爱。
“深深地凝望你的眼,不需要更多的语言,紧紧地握住你的手,这温暖依旧未改变。”
爱是人类最没的感情,韦唯唱着:“只要人人都献出一片爱,世界将变成美好的人间。”是啊,手牵手吧,我的朋友,爱永远在你左右,牵着我的手,看明天的彩虹。
让世界永远充满爱!~
后记:“无论你我可曾相识,无论在眼前在天边,真心地为你祝愿,祝愿你幸福平安。”
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下一篇:2009年中考突破话题作文2:“向往”的写作指导 相关推荐 好想把你写成书作文_江南作文900字 书是一面镜子 在那花开的时节作文900字 河北中考作文满分作文点评——“反省”帖子ABC 满分作文:我美丽,因为我热爱自然 中考满分作文:母爱 沟通作文1000字 作文指导:描写法--让你的文章靓丽N倍 淮安中考满分作文:那条河 名师建议:中考前初三生要分类搜集作文素材 上海市杨浦区中考一模作文:这也是一种美丽 2012哈尔滨中考语文试题及答案 篇21:话题作文写作基础知识
是一种用一段导引材料启发思考,激发想象,用话题限定写作范围的作文题型。“话题”,就是指谈话的中心;以所给的话题为中心,并围绕这个中心内容而进行选材写出的文章就是“话题”作文。这类作文题表面上一般不含有观点,内容上不予限制,形式上往往也是体裁不限。“话题”作文其实只是提供了一个话题,即规定了表达的中心内容,而不限制取材范围和表达方式的作文形式。以话题为内容的开放式命题与以往的命题作文相比较,它的好处是给考生写作的空间更大,发挥的余地更大。
“话题”,就是指谈话的中心;以所给的话题为中心,并围绕这个中心内容而进行选材写出的文章就是“话题”作文。这类作文题表面上一般不含有观点,内容上不予限制,形式上往往也是体裁不限。“话题”作文其实只是提供了一个话题,即规定了表达的中心内容,而不限制取材范围和表达方式的作文形式。以话题为内容的开放式命题与以往的命题作文相比较,它的好处是给考生写作的空间更大。发挥的余地更大。
篇22:话题作文写作基础知识
1、相关性
话题作文必须与话题相关,一般情况下,话题作文的要求只规定话题的范围,而不限定作文的主旨。自由性这是话题作文最大的特点。考生在题目、选材、文体、想象空间上有极大的自由性和自主性。具体表现为以下几点:
1.题目自由。所给话题可以不作题目,考生可以自拟题目。但所拟之题最好能体现文体的特点。
2.选材自由。只要是选择与话题相关的写,都有效。
3.文体自由。话题作文大都要求除了诗歌外,考生可自由选择记叙文、说明文、议论文或戏剧等文体。4.想象自由。话题作文在题目、选材、文体等所赋予考生广泛的自由度也使考生有了更广阔的想象空间。但要注意想象深度。总之,话题作文缩小了对考生的限制,提供了更多的选择余地和想象空间。考生可以在作文中最大限度发扬自己的长处,写出自己的个性,体现出自己的创造力。
2、形象性
其实最主要的还是“话题”式作文就是要让学生驰骋于形象思维的空间,表现中学生丰富的联想与想象能力。因为“话题”式作文更有利于形象思维的涌动,学生尽可以放开手脚,海阔天空,任意翱翔。他们可以充分展示自己的想象的空间,也可以任意展开联想的翅膀,“海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞。”(《应用写作》(月刊)第6期)
3、审题
把握好题目的关键所在于审清话题的限制,确定什么能写什么不能写.其次要审内涵,搞清话题的引申义.最后要审提示语,因为提示语是引出话题的材料.
与命题作文区别:
①话题作文提供一个写作范围,所供题目仅仅起提示内容指向的作用。而命题作文一般提供的是写作内容的中心(当然命题本身是话题的除外)。
②话题要求所写内容与之相关即可,而命题作文一般要求紧扣标题。
③话题作文的写作范围一般来说远远大于某些命题作文。
④话题作文作者可以自拟文题,而命题作文作者当然不能另命文题。
⑤话题作文范围广,十分好写。⑥命题束缚性较强,相对来说发挥余地小。
篇23:话题作文写作基础知识
一、要全面
审清命题的所有信息要素。新话题作文文题的表述一般由导语、材料和要求三部分构成。对这三部分用语要全面关注。尤其是“要求”用语,其内容往往涉及角度、拟题、文体、字数、提示、警示等,大都是刚性要求,不可逾越,如高考天津卷“要求”后的1至3点和第5点,而第4点则是一个善意的提示:“写出自己的真情实感”。材料表述有时会表明题型如“以‘我说90后’为话题”,有时则比较模糊,需要借助有关信息参比才能半端出题型,如辽宁卷材料表述的第一节“513网上论坛。主题:明星代言”,它意味着以“明星代言”为话题写文章。
二、要深入
审清话题概念的内涵、外延甚至一些隐含信息。还以“我说90后”为例,其中“90后”应指20世纪90年代出生的一代人,而不能理解为时间、时代、社会等。“我”意味着文章应以第一人称表述,是写个人的认识,但不是写自己,并且第一人称还可以用“我们”来表述。“说”导向的文体应该是议论文,是要求作者发表对“90后”群体的感受、看法和评价。
三、要分析
审清材料的内容、含意以及不同的角度。如辽宁卷“明星代言”,应围绕“明星代言”现象衍生出“小主题”或要点,如诚信、责任、道德与利益、法制等。抓住这些要点便于围绕中心从不同角度逐层论述。而天津卷“我说90后”材料中“嘉许”、“担忧”、“诠释”三个关键词则是三个并列的角度,最好选择其中一个进行叙事或评说,不要将几个纠合在一起,以至缠绕不清。
四、要推求
审出话题背后的“命题意图”,以便有针对性地选择写作策略和方案。高考其实是一种社会行为,既要教育考生,又要引导舆论,自然应有积极的命意。话题或文题只是一个“窗口”,它要引导考生张望社会、世界和人生。因此我们应以正确的[2]思维方式联系社会热点,推求命题意图。比如“我说90后”这个话题,是要让考生了解、认识自己所处的这个群体,正视自己的长处和短处,意识到自己这一代人的历史责任,以便更好地健康成长。而“明星代言”这个话题,将材料和社会热点如三鹿奶粉事件联系起来则能推出其“引导考生关注社会民生的热点问题,学会辩证思考和分析社会现象,培养独立思考的习惯和批判意识”的命题意图。
五、要抓“点”
这样便于选择恰当的切入点、合适的文体、合理的思路,形成最佳写作方案。比如“我说90后”,材料中那三个关键词,你只需选择一个以优化的方案展开;而其中的“说”,明眼一看,议论文便是最合适的文体。再如“明星代言”,抓住五则材料的要点,可快捷地理出文章的合理思路。当然也可以抓住其中一个方面如道德自律或法制监管深入剖析,形成最佳方案。
篇24:话题作文写作指导
话题作文写作指导
所谓“话题作文”,是指用一段提示语启发思考,激发想象,然后限定范围的一种命题形式。它不同于以前的半命题、命题及材料作文,是一种崭新的、具有很强生命力的作文样式。
话题作文一般有三部分组成:提示性文字材料、话题范围、注意事项或要求。
话题作文有自己独特的个性,其基本特征可以概括为“四不限(即不限文体、不限主旨、不限具体内容及不限题目)一强调(强调考查考生的创新能力和综合素质)”。
要写好话题作文,应做好以下几点:
1、善于化大为小
话题作文由于范围宽泛,给学生的把握带来了一定的'困难,因此写作前首先应学会化大为小。如一个西瓜,洗净后只有切成小块才好下口。话题作文的写作也应如此。我们可以将话题化为几个契合话题的子话题,然后从这些子话题中选择一个易写好的来写。简单地说就是采用大题小作的写法,从具体一点切入,然后调动自己的积累,在这个问题上聚焦、展开和提炼,把这一点说足说深说透。这样才能在800字左右的篇幅内写出立意鲜明集中、内容具体充实的好文章。
如果不善于化大为小,就难免泛泛而谈。那种东说一句西扯一句,鸡零狗碎的“拼盘”,是难以得到阅卷老师“欢心”的。
2、善于以小见大
如果仅局限于“小”,文章就显得平淡无奇,没有深意。只有小中见大,才能发人深思,引人如胜。
所谓以小见大,即大处着眼,小处落笔。写小的事情,表现大的主题。这种手法,往往通过对具体、平凡的小事小物和有关细节材料的叙述描写,并加以适当抒情议论,以阐明大道理,揭示深刻的社会意义,以一滴水折射出太阳的光辉,于细微处体现伟大的精神。如《琐忆》等,都采用了这种写法。
篇25:初中英语作文写作话题
初中英语作文写作话题
写作话题
1. 观察下图。根据图示和参考词语,适当拓展想象空间,以Why are trees important? 为标题,用英语写一篇不少于80个词的短语。
注意:
(1) 短文应切中题意,条理清楚,词句通顺,书写清晰、规范。
(2) 短文第一句话已给出。参考词语:take in carbon dioxide吸收二氧化碳;oxygen氧气; insect昆虫;stop water and soil from going away防止水土流失;desert沙漠。
[解析]
1. 认真审题:本题已给出题目,我们可以根据题目,用提示词和图示为线索展开书写。
2. 确定要素:
①树能吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气。
②树能给鸟类提供家园。
③树能为某些小动物提供食物。
④树能阻止水土流失。
⑤树能防止土壤沙漠化。
⑥植树造林,美化家园。
【One possible version】
Why are trees important?
Trees are very important to us. Do you know why? Let me tell you.
Trees take in carbon dioxide from the air and make oxygen. That’s important. People and animals need oxygen to live. Many small animals and insects live in the trees. Some of them also get food from trees.Trees can also stop water and soil from going away. If we have a lot of trees, they can stop land from being desert. I think this is very important. You know, trees are green. They can make our country even more beautiful.
Trees are our good friends. We should plant more trees and take good care of them.
2. 假设你叫王明,昨天收到了笔友David 的e-mail,得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail,介绍学习中文的体会和方法,提出你的建议,以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。(信的开头和结尾已给出,其字数不计入所完成的短文内。)
提示词语:Chinese, be, useful, many foreigners, learn, now, difficult, different from, it is important…, listen, talk, read, write
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
[解析]首先确定体裁为书信第一人称。内容
要点如下:①学中文的'体会和方法;②建议; ③祝愿
【One possible version
】
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It’s difficult for you because it’s quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It’s also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your
listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I’m sure you’ll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
Yours,
Wang Ming
三、巩固练习
1.根据图画内容和所给词语完成一篇短文。
要求:
(1) 词数80个左右。
(2) 用图中所示内容表达完整,用上所给词语,条理清晰,意思连贯,语句通顺,标点正确。
(3) 短文第一句已给出,不计入总词数。
所给词语:walk, rice field, see, frog (青蛙), catch, old man, say, friend, pest(害虫), turn red, put, smile, good boy
Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【One possible version】
Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon. When he was walking past a rice field, he saw a frog. He wanted to play with it. So he went over quietly and caught it. Just at the time, an old man came up and said to him, “Frogs are our friends. They are good at catching pests. It’s not right to catch them.” When he heard it, his face turned red. He put the frog back into the field. The old man said with a smile, “You’re a good boy.”
2. 五月的福州,万商云集。假设你在“海交会”上碰到一位来自澳大利亚的商人,你从他那里了解到下列表格中的情况,请你根据以下表格的信息用英语写一篇介绍Bill Smith 的短文。 要求:语言通顺,意思连贯,书写规范,内容
可适当补充,词数80左右。
参考词汇:start (开办), finish one’s studies, the Garden City, live a better life
【One possible version】
Bill Smith is a businessman from Australia. He is 45 years old. He likes computer and music. There are three people in his family. His wife is a doctor and his son is a student. He works hard and carefully. He is kind-hearted/kind and helpful. Bill Smith has started two big factories in Fuzhou. With his help, ten poor children have finished their studies. He is sure that the Garden City―Fuzhou will be more and more beautiful and the people here will live a better life in the future.
3. 请以“I want to be a/an.…”为题写一篇短文,词数60~80词。内容必须包括提示中的三项要求,请不要使用真实姓名及所在学校名称。
提示:
①What do you want to be?
②Why do you want to be a/an…?
③How can you make it come true?
【One possible version】
I Want to Be an Inventor
Many people want to make their new ideas and wishes come true. They want to invent some new things for the world. I am one of them. I just want to be an inventor.
Inventions can change the world. They can bring fun and happiness to our life. And our life will become better and better. Now I’m still a middle school student. I must try my best to work hard at my lessons and learn what my teachers teach us. I will use my inventions to make contributions to our country.
篇26:话题作文写作指导
所谓事理型话题作文,是指那些把带有普遍性的道理作为“话题”的中心并从而进行构思的作文,如要求以“用发展的眼光看问题”、“事物之间是相互联系的”等为话题写作的作文试题。既然话题是事理型的,写这类作文,就要先仔细剖析清楚话题所蕴含的事理,然后再根据题目的提示和要求,展开联想,进行构思。写这类作文,要力求做到“一箭双雕”,所写文章的内容,既要合乎话题所蕴含的事理,又要能凸现独立鲜明的主题。即既要射到“话题”这只“雕”,又要射到“新颖”这只“雕”。如果所写的作文仅仅列举一两件事,只对原理作简单的验证和说明,虽然符合话题的要求,但是内容既不丰富也不新颖,那是远远不够的。
要写好话题作文,审题十分重要。审题时要做到“三审”:审话题材料,搞清话题题旨;审话题范围,搞清写作重点;审注意事项,确定文体形式。比如全国卷作文话题“感情亲疏和对事物的认知”,从形式看,是一个并列短语;从内容看,则是一个关系式话题。审体时要正确、全面地揭示出话题蕴含的各种关系:感情亲疏会影响对事物的认知,感情亲疏不会影响对事物的认知,感情亲疏导致对事物的认知有正误之别,等等。因为生活小事中隐含着许多有价值的道理,关注生活,思考人生,在对事物的认知上就能够取得新的收获;也因为现实生活中人与人之间在感情上的.亲疏浓淡这类现象是普遍存在的。所以,可供选择的材料是很多的。再如在写“答案是丰富多彩的”这个话题时,有的同学只以“树上十只鸟,打死一只还有几只”这样的陈旧题材为例,并只用近乎脑筋急转弯式的几种回答作为对“丰富多彩”的验证,这样的作文不能得高分,其原因是可想而知的。高分作文绝不能这样写。另一篇以“水”为话题的作文,写一位山村女教师在缺少粉笔的艰苦条件下,用手蘸水板书,后来她的手指奇迹般地自动冒出水来,板书也因而更加快捷,最后终于培养出一批优秀学生。这女教师生病后,医生发现她手指冒出的水有点像泪,又有点像血。这样的文章既在一定程度上体现了“水”这个话题,又凸现了“热情讴歌山村教师艰苦奋斗、忘我奉献的精神”的主题。这样的文章跳出了肤浅的验证,从而具备了动人心魄的感人力量。
篇27:话题作文写作指导
所谓事件型话题作文,是把一件事或一类事件用作话题的作文。用作话题的事件大多是相当热门、近乎家喻户晓或相当迫切、大家必须注意的事件。例如,前不久报载的某中学生杀死亲生母亲的事件,近年来沙尘暴频发的事件等。写这类作文,要力争做到“旧曲新翻”,即从人所熟知的事件中提炼出人们所没有发现的道理来。如高考浙江卷作文试题,给的材料是一段文字:
还记得你的童年吗?随着年龄的增长和思想的成熟,那些美丽的梦想、单纯的快乐似乎在一步步离我们远去。
苍茫的丛林间,玛雅文化湮没了;丝绸古道上,高昌古国消逝了。人类在消逝中进步。
行走在消逝中,既有“流水落花春去也”的怅惘,也有“谁道人生无再少”的旷达……
然后要求以“行走在消逝中”为话题写一篇作文,“体裁不限”。这是一个关系型的话题,其中的“行走”可以理解为“前进”、“发展”、“进步”等含义,而“消逝”则可以理解为“扬弃”、“放下”、“远离”等含义。二者联系起来看,极富思辨性。人类社会从古到今,无论是思想观念,还是社会革新都会有一个发展与保存、重建与扬弃的矛盾,这些矛盾推动着人类的进步。当然“消逝”有的是成长的需要,有的是历史的选择,有的是自然的更替,还有的是进步的结果。破题的关键在于正确理解“行走”和“消逝”的关系,以及“行走”过程中我们对“消逝”的态度。可以联系的材料有改朝换代、观念更新、成长心语等等。题目开放了考生思维,既可以表现考生思维的缜密,也可以联系自己的生活谈论感受,命题很好地综合了思维性、生活性等特点。再如写“西部开发”这个话题,人们大多写的是或赞颂党中央的英明决策,或谈西部开发的总体规划,或设想西部的美好未来,或谈开发与环保的关系,或编述开发过程中发生的故事等,这些都未尝不可,但都难免落入俗套。有一篇作文则避开这些常见的角度,采用拟人的手法,以一条河的口吻来叙述回忆,从苏武挥鞭牧羊,到今天楼兰姑娘种植黄杨;从王震率359旅开垦南泥湾,到今天热火朝天的西部开发:历史悠悠,岁月如歌,在与自然的斗争中,显现着人类顽强不屈的精神。这样的新意不能不令读者拍案叫好。这新意来源于对生活独具慧眼的观察、思考和采集,足见作者从生活长河中捕捉与众不同的浪花、从司空见惯的现象中看到深一层的人生内涵的观察能力和别具一格的思维能力。
再如20高考广东卷作文试题,在几句引子后,要求以“传递”为话题作文(除诗歌外)。对于这个话题,一般来说审题并不难,都会写文明的传递、精神的传递,如果能以小见大,也能写出好文章。既可写具体的传递,也可写抽象的传递,譬如一种精神、一种传统,只要在“传递”的范围内就可以。如果写“传递”的不是具体的物品,而是精神、文化,作文的立意将得到提升。“传递”的范围非常广,但是它并不仅仅局限于某个单一的事件,或者局限在某个概念中,而是需要动态地理解“传递”的内涵。应该说,选取议论文和散文写,可能会比较轻松一些,发挥空间也相对较大。可以切入的角度很多,人生、生活哲理,还有亲情、人类文明等等,都非常切合题目的角度。具体的写作上,拟题可以在原话题前后添加相关概念,以便化笼统为具体,写起来就会生动得多,如“爱的传递”,“微笑的传递”,“传递,在你我心间”等,作文标题最好体现话题及主旨。在立意和构思上,可由物而精神,由现象而本质,总之最后要落在精神、品质和文化上来,这样才能站得高,看得远,写得深刻。在结构上,可以用同学们比较熟悉的并列加层进的模式,文体上以议论文和议论性散文为首选,也可考虑记叙性散文和书信体构思。在行文中,可先由所见,所闻引题,然后谈开去,把话题引向深入。如果能在论据中联系到历史,选取几个生动的历史画面,或表现中华民族不屈的探索精神,或表现中华民族传统的“以和为贵”的理念,还有“尊老爱幼”、“谦让”等价值理念,文章的立意定会得到很好的提升。
篇28:话题作文写作指导
所谓事物型话题,指的是像以“门”、“路”、“风”、“网”之类事物作为话题的作文。这类话题涉及的内容丰富,范围广,但往往容易流于泛泛而谈,不能深入,原因在于审题时不能挖掘事物所蕴含的深刻寓意,构思时不能“大题小做”。首先,在审题时,要正确理解话题的含意,包括话题的字面意思和比喻意思、话题的内涵和外延、立意取向和选材范围等等。同时,在构思时要能化大为小,从小处切入。就是说,要善于“大题小做”。以话题“网”为例。“网”有多种,“鱼网”、“蜘蛛网”、“铁丝网”、“电网”、“交通网”、“人情网”、“关系网”、“法网”,还有“通讯网”、“因特网”等等。有的同学把能想到的网“一网打尽”,不分详略,每样一段,看似面面俱到,实则空洞肤浅。合适的写法是化大为小,抓住某一种网来写。如“关系网”,再展开想象,根据自己的特长或编述故事,或发表议论,或作诗讽刺。切口愈小,常常见解愈深。有一位作者就采用了一种“大题小做”法。这篇文章写到非洲富女出门必带着象征财富的重达30斤的铁环,代的土财主幸福地往新西装上打补丁,80年代的暴发户在大街上自豪地冲手机大声叫喊――特定时期的幸福观也是一张网,束缚人们追求真正的幸福。作者从“网”的诸多含意中,抽取其比喻义。选点小,针对性强。
篇29:高一话题作文写作
科学,早已躲藏在我们生活中的每一个角落里。它对国家发展有着重要的意义。给我们生活带来了的益处,没有科学,就没有现在如此美好繁荣的城市景象。新中国成立以来,在科学技术领域取得了许多举世瞩目的重大成果。
1964年,我国第一颗原子弹爆炸获得一成功。1965年,我国在世界上首次用人工方法合成了有生物活力的牛胰岛素。1970年至1988年,我国成功地发射了25颗人造卫星,其中有11颗按预定计划返回了地面。1981年,我国又成功地用一枚运载火箭发射了3颗卫星。1988年,我国运用国产材料自行设计研制成功了每秒运算1亿次的巨型计算机系统。1992年8月,我国“长征2号“捆绑式火箭又成功地把澳大利亚通信卫星送入了预定轨道。四十多年来,我国和科学技术事业取得了突飞猛进的发展,科研成果层出不穷,在许多方面已经达到或接近世界先进水平。这是多么令人激动和自豪的事情啊!
爸爸经常对我说:科学对国家的发展是十分重要的。一个国家想要富强,就必须培养每一个公民热爱科学的意识。”所以,爸爸总是给我灌输热爱科学的精神,讲述有关科学家的故事。其中,令我记忆最深刻的还是爱迪生的故事:
爱迪生,一个大家都耳熟能详的科学家。8岁时,他因家里贫穷被迫辍学。但是艰苦的环境并没有磨灭他对学习的渴望,反而激起了他对科学的热爱。幼小的他常常把钱节省下来,买科学书报和化学药品.他做实验的器具,是从垃圾堆里拣来的一些瓶瓶罐罐.在他十二岁时,还在火车上卖报.火车上有一节给乘客吸烟的专用车厢,车长同意他在那里占用一个角落.他把化学药品和瓶瓶罐罐都搬到那里,卖完了报,就做各种有趣的实验.有一次,火车开动的时候猛地一震,把一瓶白磷震倒了.磷一遇到空气马上燃烧起来.大家慌慌忙忙地将把火扑灭了.车长生气极了,不仅把爱迪生做实验的东西全扔了出去,还狠狠扇了他一个耳光,听说爱迪生的耳朵就是这样被打聋了。但是挫折并没有使爱迪生钻研科学的决心动摇.他省吃俭用,重新做起化学实验来。有人作过统计,爱迪生一生中的发明,在专利局正式登记的有1300种左右。1882年是他发明的最高记录年,这一年,他申请立案的发明就有141种,平均每3天就有一种新发明!这样惊人的成绩,直到现在,世界上还没有一个人能和他相比。有人问这位“发明大王”成功的秘诀,他答道:“天才就是百分之一的灵感,加上百分之九十九的汗水!”
爱迪生的故事给我带来了极大的震撼,同时,在一个个科学家成长成才的故事的熏陶下,我也渐渐对科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。我经常会提出一些匪夷所思的问题,虽然父母无法帮我解答,但我总会在阅读书丛中找到答案。而且我还十分喜欢亲自动手做一些巧妙的科学制作,解决了生活上的一些小难题。
就像现在市场上卖的蜡烛,都有一个缺陷:当蜡烛点燃不久后,蜡液就会溢出来,沿着蜡烛往下流,弄脏了桌面,还浪费了石蜡。怎样才能不“流泪”呢?我不禁提出了疑问。经过苦思冥想以及无数次失败之后,我终于设计出了一种灯芯管。首先用薄铁片卷一根细管,比蜡烛芯略粗一点,管外套一个硬纸板剪的小圆板,把这个灯芯管套在蜡烛芯上。点燃蜡烛以后,由于小圆板挡住了火苗的辐射热,所以蜡烛周围的石蜡熔化很慢。铁管把热量传给灯芯附近的石蜡,使它熔化供应燃烧。这样石蜡就不会溢出来了!我把自己的小制作告诉了左邻右舍,大家都夸我是“小能手”呢!这使我越来越喜爱科学了。
我热爱科学,他给人们带来了方便快捷,推动人类社会的发展。邓小平爷爷生前曾经讲,科学是第一生产力。毛泽东主席也曾对青年说,世界是你们的,也是我们的,但归根结底是你们的。如果说长辈们用辛勤的劳动建设了20世纪的祖国,那么,我们就应该以知识、以科学担起新世纪的重担。
篇30:话题作文写作基础知识
话题作文写作基础知识
话题作文
是一种用一段导引材料启发思考,激发想象,用话题限定写作范围的作文题型。“话题”,就是指谈话的中心;以所给的话题为中心,并围绕这个中心内容而进行选材写出的文章就是“话题”作文。这类作文题表面上一般不含有观点,内容上不予限制,形式上往往也是体裁不限。“话题”作文其实只是提供了一个话题,即规定了表达的中心内容,而不限制取材范围和表达方式的作文形式。以话题为内容的开放式命题与以往的命题作文相比较,它的好处是给考生写作的空间更大,发挥的余地更大。
特点:
1、相关性
话题作文必须与话题相关,一般情况下,话题作文的要求只规定话题的范围,而不限定作文的主旨。自由性这是话题作文最大的特点。考生在题目、选材、文体、想象空间上有极大的自由性和自主性。具体表现为以下几点:
1.题目自由。所给话题可以不作题目,考生可以自拟题目。但所拟之题最好能体现文体的特点。
2.选材自由。只要是选择与话题相关的写,都有效。
3.文体自由。话题作文大都要求除了诗歌外,考生可自由选择记叙文、说明文、议论文或戏剧等文体。4.想象自由。话题作文在题目、选材、文体等所赋予考生广泛的自由度也使考生有了更广阔的想象空间。但要注意想象深度。总之,话题作文缩小了对考生的限制,提供了更多的选择余地和想象空间。考生可以在作文中最大限度发扬自己的长处,写出自己的个性,体现出自己的创造力。
2、形象性
其实最主要的还是“话题”式作文就是要让学生驰骋于形象思维的空间,表现中学生丰富的联想与想象能力。因为“话题”式作文更有利于形象思维的涌动,学生尽可以放开手脚,海阔天空,任意翱翔。他们可以充分展示自己的想象的空间,也可以任意展开联想的翅膀,“海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞。”(《应用写作》(月刊)2001年第6期)
3、审题
把握好题目的关键所在于审清话题的限制,确定什么能写什么不能写.其次要审内涵,搞清话题的引申义.最后要审提示语,因为提示语是引出话题的材料.
与命题作文区别:
①话题作文提供一个写作范围,所供题目仅仅起提示内容指向的作用。而命题作文一般提供的是写作内容的中心(当然命题本身是话题的除外)。
②话题要求所写内容与之相关即可,而命题作文一般要求紧扣标题。
③话题作文的写作范围一般来说远远大于某些命题作文。
④话题作文作者可以自拟文题,而命题作文作者当然不能另命文题。
⑤话题作文范围广,十分好写。⑥命题束缚性较强,相对来说发挥余地小。
注意事项:
一、把握文体
话题作文往往不限文体,允许考生自由发挥。但是,不限文体并不等于不要文体。话题作文的“文体不限”其实是指不限于一种文体,让学生有选择文体的自由。
当你选定了一种文体时,还得按照这种文体的特点来谋篇布局进行写作。有的同学观察能力强,生活积累丰富,不妨将生活中精彩的片断撷取出来写成一篇生动感人的记叙文;有的同学想象丰富,擅长编写故事,不妨写写童话、寓言或科幻小说;有的同学逻辑思维能力强,擅长推理,不妨写成一篇理据充分的议论文;有的同学感情细腻丰富,不妨写成一篇优美抒情的散文,肯定会非常出色。
二、缩小范围
话题作文只提供写作的话题,而没有中心、材料、结构、文体、语言等等的限制;给了考生一个比较开放的构思空间,使考生能最大限度地发挥想象力和创造力。但是,如果不注意把握话题,缩小写作的'口子,就会出现“下笔千言,离题万里”的毛病。因此,不管所给的话题多么宽泛,我们都要善于缩小“包围圈”,要选择一个小小的切入口,如一件事、一个人、一样物品、一种感受、一点看法等等,集中笔力加以突破,把你所选择的话题角度写细写深写透,做到“以小见大”。
三、拟好题目
标题是文章的“眼睛”。俗话说:“题好文一半”。话题作文允许自己拟题目,因此,我们要努力提高拟题水平,力争使自己拟的题目准确、凝炼、含蓄、新奇,使阅卷老师“一见钟情”。
四、善于联想
话题作文是一种开放性的作文形式,要求考生放开手脚,尽情地驰骋在想象的空间,善于多方位地展开联想,这样,才能生发出丰富多彩的思路来。比如话题“风”,你可以联想到自然界的风:微风、大风、狂风、飓风、龙卷风等等;你还可以联想到社会风气:拍马风、送礼风等等;你可以联想到一种像风一样的流行时尚:金庸热、韩寒热等等;你甚至可以联想到假如你是风,假如你遇到风等等。
五、写出新意
话题作文,既然是应试作文,总得给评卷老师一个好的感觉,得到个好的分数。因此,写出特色、写出新意,是十分重要的。我们在写作时,要善于“独辟蹊径”,也就是要求我们在立意上要有独特的感悟,不人云亦云;选材上要有独到的眼光,不陈题旧话;构思上要独具匠心,不四平八稳,波澜不惊语气上要有独到的魅力,不平铺直叙泛泛而谈。
五个技巧
一、要全面
审清命题的所有信息要素。新话题作文文题的表述一般由导语、材料和要求三部分构成。对这三部分用语要全面关注。尤其是“要求”用语,其内容往往涉及角度、拟题、文体、字数、提示、警示等,大都是刚性要求,不可逾越,如2009年高考天津卷“要求”后的1至3点和第5点,而第4点则是一个善意的提示:“写出自己的真情实感”。材料表述有时会表明题型如“以‘我说90后’为话题”,有时则比较模糊,需要借助有关信息参比才能半端出题型,如辽宁卷材料表述的第一节“513网上论坛。主题:明星代言”,它意味着以“明星代言”为话题写文章。
二、要深入
审清话题概念的内涵、外延甚至一些隐含信息。还以“我说90后”为例,其中“90后”应指20世纪90年代出生的一代人,而不能理解为时间、时代、社会等。“我”意味着文章应以第一人称表述,是写个人的认识,但不是写自己,并且第一人称还可以用“我们”来表述。“说”导向的文体应该是议论文,是要求作者发表对“90后”群体的感受、看法和评价。
三、要分析
审清材料的内容、含意以及不同的角度。如辽宁卷“明星代言”,应围绕“明星代言”现象衍生出“小主题”或要点,如诚信、责任、道德与利益、法制等。抓住这些要点便于围绕中心从不同角度逐层论述。而天津卷“我说90后”材料中“嘉许”、“担忧”、“诠释”三个关键词则是三个并列的角度,最好选择其中一个进行叙事或评说,不要将几个纠合在一起,以至缠绕不清。
四、要推求
审出话题背后的“命题意图”,以便有针对性地选择写作策略和方案。高考其实是一种社会行为,既要教育考生,又要引导舆论,自然应有积极的命意。话题或文题只是一个“窗口”,它要引导考生张望社会、世界和人生。因此我们应以正确的[2]思维方式联系社会热点,推求命题意图。比如“我说90后”这个话题,是要让考生了解、认识自己所处的这个群体,正视自己的长处和短处,意识到自己这一代人的历史责任,以便更好地健康成长。而“明星代言”这个话题,将材料和社会热点如三鹿奶粉事件联系起来则能推出其“引导考生关注社会民生的热点问题,学会辩证思考和分析社会现象,培养独立思考的习惯和批判意识”的命题意图。
五、要抓“点”
这样便于选择恰当的切入点、合适的文体、合理的思路,形成最佳写作方案。比如“我说90后”,材料中那三个关键词,你只需选择一个以优化的方案展开;而其中的“说”,明眼一看,议论文便是最合适的文体。再如“明星代言”,抓住五则材料的要点,可快捷地理出文章的合理思路。当然也可以抓住其中一个方面如道德自律或法制监管深入剖析,形成最佳方案。
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