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考研英语阅读text2答案和解析

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考研英语阅读text2答案和解析（共11篇）由网友“kserc52018”投稿提供，以下是小编帮大家整理后的考研英语阅读text2答案和解析，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

考研英语阅读text2答案和解析

篇1：考研英语阅读text2答案和解析

考研英语(二)真题阅读今年难度不大。下面给同学们提供了阅读text2的答案和解析，以供同学们参考。

26. 【答案】[B] absorb user attention

27. 【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication

28. 【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children' s emotional needs

29. 【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children

30. 【答案】[A] give their parents some free time

【答案解析】

26.【答案】[B] absorb user attention

本题是细节题，根据题干可以定位到原文第一段原句 digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. B选项中absorb和promote对应。user attention和engagement 对应，因此B选项是正确选项。

27.【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication

本题是细节题，根据题干可以定位到原文第二段原句 She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. D选项中reduce communication和started fewer verbal and fewer nonverbal interactions对应。因此D选项是正确选项。

28.【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children' s emotional needs

本题是例证题，根据题干可以定位原文第三段原句there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need, D选项中need to respond to children' s emotional needs正好和本句同意替换。因此D选项是正确选项。

29.【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children

本题是细节题，根据题干可以定位到原文第四段原句oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children. C选项中constant interaction 与always be interacting 同义替换，因此C选项是正确选项。

30.【答案】[A] give their parents some free time

31. 本题是细节题，根据题干可以定位到原文第四段原句particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. A选项give their parents some free time和gives parents time 同义替换，因此A选项是正确选项。

篇2：考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析

Forthousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It isan aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behaviorranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physicalviolence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengtheninglitany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, movingcompanies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarialfeeling between businesses and consumers.

Expertssay there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One isthat customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailersresponded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as1～800 numbersand voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placingmore emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is thatstrident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable―especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides,simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers,service went with it.

TheBetter Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as manyas five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now hasfour. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence andintegrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don't have to serve you!”or “This is private property, get outand don't come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau's arbitration process fails tosettle a dispute, a customer's only recourse is to sue in claims court. Butbecause of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.

There isa lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim togenerational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-endjob that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Youngclerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train youngpeople in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeopletoday, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computersociety where they've interacted largely with machines. One of the biggestcomplaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personalskills.

Whatcustomers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, theydon't want busy signals, they don't want interactive systems telling them topush one for this and two for that―they don't want voice mail. And ifcustomers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to localsmall businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger.They don't wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.[490 words]

1?At a business place of badservice, the worst one can get is._________

[A] indifference and rudeness

[B] naked hostility and physicalviolence

[C] having intelligence and integrityquestioned

[D] being insulted and threatened

2?One of the reasons for such illfeeling in the marketplace is that.________

[A] shoppers are usually strident,frustrated and impatient

[B] shoppers often take businesses tocourt

[C] businesses use new technologyinstead of employees

[D] businesses try every means to getcustomers

3 Whatchanges have taken place at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past fiveyears?

[A] More effective.

[B] Less bureaucracy.

[C] More business.

[D] Better staff.

4?Young clerks often lackinterpersonal skills chiefly because they____________

[A]are skilled in dealing withmachines, not people

[B]are not trained in simple mannersat home

[C]fall victims to generationalchange

[D]take retailing to be a temporaryjob

5?The author's attitude towardsbusinesses and bad service is_________.

[A]attacking

[B]understanding

[C]regretting

[D]warning

核心词汇

defect n.[C]缺陷，瑕疵;不足之处例：All the cars are tested fordefects before they leave the factory.所有汽车在出厂之前都要检查有无缺陷。

vi. * to leave your own country or a group in order to go to or join anopposing one逃离;背叛，变节(后跟介词from)例：She defected from the Liberals andjoined the Socialists. 她脱离自由党，加入了社会党。

encompassvt. ① to completely cover or surround sth. 覆盖;包围，环绕例：a reservoir encompassed bymountains群山环绕的水库 *②包含，包括例：The course will encompass physics,chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。

indifference n.*① lack ofinterest or concern不关心，不在乎例：show indifference to personal affairs不计较个人的事②不重要，无关紧要例：a matter of indifference无关紧要的事;in?否定前缀，用于构成形容词和名词，表示“不，非，无”例：insensitive a.不敏感，inability n.没办法，没能力

make?believe n. [U]由动词短语make believe变过来的复合名词，意为“假装，假扮，虚构”例：She told me that her parents aremillionaires, but it?s all just make?believe.她告诉我她父母是百万富翁，但这一切都属子虚乌有。

超级词汇

fishmonger n. 鱼贩，鱼商;monger n. 商人，贩子，如warmonger战争贩子

litany n.(对一系列事件、原因等)枯燥冗长的陈述例：a litany of complaints喋喋不休的抱怨

recourse n. *①求助，求援(的对象);(得救的)办法、手段例：get over difficulties withoutrecourse to outside help不求外援克服困难②(法律上的)追索权

strident a.(说话声音)刺耳的，尖锐的，不和谐的

长难句分析

One is thatcustomer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers respondedto brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1～800 numbers and voice mail.

该句主干是One isthat…。that 引导的是表语从句，其中又嵌套了一个复合句：主句是customer service was an casualty, 从句是when引导的时间状语从句。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及商业服务，作者对加拿大存在的劣质服务现象予以剖析，并呼吁商家改善对顾客的服务。它是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“指出现象―解释现象―提出解决方案”的脉络展开论述，可以分成三大部分。

第一段为第一部分，指出现象：劣质服务成为加拿大日益严重的社会问题(aggravating and worsening real?life phenomenon)。

首句给出了文章要论述的话题(badservice)以及作者对它的严肃态度(neither make?believe nor amusing)。该段使用列举法，说明：①劣质服务的类型多样：从漠不关心(indifference)、粗俗无礼(rudeness)到不加掩饰的恶意(naked hostility)甚至身体暴力(physical violence)。②劣质服务涉及的行业众多(report a lengthening litany ofcomplaints)。末句指出劣质服务造成的后果：商家和消费者之间几乎产生了一种敌对的情绪(adversarial feeling)。

第二、三和四段为第二部分，解释现象。

第二段：引用专家的观点从商家和顾客两方面分析产生敌对情绪的原因：①商家提供的客户服务中技术取代了员工(replacing employees withtechnology);②商家重点放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上(more on getting customers than on keepingcustomers);③顾客经常惹恼店主并使其变得更加不友好(shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable)。

第三段：首先进一步指出劣质服务现象越来越严重，其表现在于：①渥太华优化商务局受理的投诉案件和聘用的投诉顾问数量增多(complaints twice as many as fiveyears ago; now has four counselors);②顾客抱怨受到侮辱和威胁(being insulted and threatened)。该部分举例说明商家的恶劣态度(One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door)。

接着该段以设问的形式说明遭到恶劣对待的顾客能够采取的对策：①依靠优化商务局的仲裁;②如果仲裁失败(fails to settle a dispute)，顾客只能向法庭提出诉讼(sue in claims court)，但是因为诉诸法庭费用高、时间长(the costs and time it takes)，所以很少有人这么做。该部分从消费者不能有效地维护自己的权益的角度，间接地解释了劣质服务现象日益严重的原因。

第四段：从年轻人的角度分析造成劣质服务现象的原因：①只将销售看作是临时的工作(do temporarily);②缺少知识和礼貌(lack both knowledge and civility);③缺少人际交往技能(lack of inter?personal skills)。

第五段为第三部分，提出解决方案：商家应与顾客直接接触(access)。

句子“If customersdo not get what they want, they defect”表明了作者的态度，即，作者警告商家如果不与顾客接触，可能会导致顾客的流失。文章最后提供了地方小商贩的成功经验，建议商家予以借鉴。

试题命制分析

通过对文章的整体分析，我们可以从以下几个方面命题，考查考生的阅读理解能力。

1. 事实细节题

(1)针对文章第一段列出的劣质服务的类型，可以就其程度进行考查，参见试题1。还可以问哪个是程度最轻的劣质服务?[A]身体暴力;[B]粗俗无礼;[C]漠不关心;[D]不加掩饰的恶意。(答案：[C])

(2)可以综合考查劣质服务现象的特点，包括：日益严重、类型多样、涉及行业众多等。

(3)针对商家和消费者之间存在的敌对情绪，可以考查其原因，参见试题2。

(4)针对优化商务局，可以考查其发生了什么变化，参见试题3。

(5)可以考查顾客对劣质服务采取的应对措施，如：遭到恶劣对待的顾客往往会做什么?[A]使用身体暴力;[B]向新闻媒介投诉;[C]期待优化商务局的仲裁;[D]提出诉讼。(答案：[C])

(6)从年轻人的角度，可以考查劣质服务现象的原因，也可以考查年轻人身上存在的问题，参见试题4。

2. 作者观点、态度题

(1) 可以考查作者认为改善劣质服务的方法是什么。

(2) 末段作者呼吁商家改善对顾客的服务，由此可以考查作者对商家及劣质服务现象的态度，参见试题5。

3. 推理引申题

(1) 第一段提到优化商务局报道全国各类投诉事件，第三段提到优化商务局受理投诉案件、聘用投诉顾问、解决争端。因此可以考查推理优化商务局是什么类型的组织?

(2) 第三段从多个层次分析顾客对劣质服务采取的对策，可以考查由此能推出的结论，如：[A]消费者更喜欢仲裁而不是上诉;[B]劣质服务现象严重的原因之一是消费者不能有效地维护权益;[C]法庭往往偏袒商家而不是顾客;[D]优化商务局处理投诉案件的效率很低。(答案：[B])

4. 词义句意题

考查第四段第一句Servicehas, in part, fallen victim to generational change的含义。

5. 写作目的题

考查文章最后作者提到地方小商贩的目的是什么。

试题精解

1.在一个有着劣质服务的商业场所人们所受到的最恶劣的待遇是――。

[A]漠不关心和粗鲁[B]不加掩饰的恶意和身体暴力

[C]智力和正直遭到质疑[D]受到侮辱和威胁

[精解]答案B本题考查事实细节。第一段第二句提到，劣质服务是真实的生活现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。以上三种行为按照严重程度递增排列。第三段提到，人们在投诉信中抱怨受到侮辱、自己的智力和正直遭到质疑、受到威胁。接着文中举了一个例子形象地说明了顾客受到的最糟糕的待遇。句子结构one will hear... 表示作者强调的口吻，“连……的事情也有所耳闻”。而这个例子正好是“不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力”。因此[B]项是最恶劣的待遇。

2.市场上出现这种不良情绪的原因之一是――。

[A]购物者经常是吵闹的、失望的和没有耐心的

[B]购物者经常把商家告上法庭

[C]商家使用技术替代员工

[D]商家利用各种手段来赢得顾客

[精解]答案C本题考查事实细节。第二段分析了三个原因。第一个原因是：零售商应对残酷的竞争采用技术取代员工。第二个原因是：商家一般都开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。第三个原因是：一些吵闹的、失望的没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主。由此可判定[C]项是原因，[A]项将原文中的个别现象变成了经常出现的普遍现象，与事实不符。[B]项文中未提。文中强调的原因是商家没有重视保持顾客，[D]与文意不符。

3.在过去五年里渥太华的优化商务局有什么改变?

[A]效率更高。[B]官僚作风减少。

[C]更多的务业。[D]更好的职员。

[精解]答案C 本题考查事实细节。第三段首句提到，渥太华的优化商务局在一周之内收到的投诉数量是五年前的两倍。该局的投诉顾问也由那时的一个变成了四个。投诉多了，业务自然更繁忙了，因此[C]项正确。其他项文中未提到。

4.年轻的职员缺乏人际间交往技巧主要是因为他们――。

[A]擅长与机器而非人打交道[B]在家没有接受简单的礼仪训练

[C]成为代与代之间变化的受害者[D]将零售视为临时的工作

[精解]答案A 本题考查事实细节。第四段首句提到一种普遍存在的观念，即服务成了代与代之间变化的受害者。接下来的内容对该句进行了阐述：年轻人将零售视为跳板性质的工作;缺少知识和礼貌;年轻人成长过程中大多和机器交流。该段最后一句作者借用商家的抱怨，指出他们缺少人际间的交际技能。可见，只有[A]项与年轻职员人际交流能力差相关，且是直接原因。其他项是年轻人其他方面的表现。

5.作者看待商业和劣质服务的态度是――。

[A]攻击的[B]理解的[C]懊悔的[D]警告的

[精解]答案D本题考查作者态度。文中作者主要描述了劣质服务的存在及分析其原因。在最后一段里，作者用与商业部门和服务行业对话的口吻说到，顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。可见，作者是在警告并呼吁服务行业找出其问题根源所在以便改善服务。[D]项是其正确的态度。其他项都不恰当。

全文翻译

对于数以千计的加拿大人来说，劣质服务既不是虚假的也不是好笑的，它是一个正在不断恶化的现实生活中的现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。优化商务局在全国范围内长篇累牍地报道各类投诉事件，这些投诉的对象包括承包商、汽车商、修理店、搬家公司、航空公司以及百货商店。在商家和消费者之间几乎产生了一种敌对的情绪。

专家们说，关于市场上产生这种不良情绪有如下几种解释。一方面当零售商应对残酷的竞争用1到800的数目和语音邮件等技术取代员工后，客户服务就成了早期的也是不可避免的受害者。另一个原因是，商业一般都已经开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。此外，一些吵闹的、失望的、没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主并使其变得更加不友好，尤其是在像圣诞节这样一年之中比较繁忙的时节。双方都将简单的礼貌置之脑后，因此对于大量的消费者来说，服务随之而去。

渥太华的优化商务局在一周之内收到了250份投诉，这个数字是五年前的两倍。该局的投诉顾问也由那时的一个变成了四个。人们抱怨受到侮辱，自己的智力和正直也遭到质疑，还会受到威胁。有人一边喊着“我没有必要为你服务”或者“这是私人领地，请你出去，不要再来了”这样的话一边将顾客推出门外，连这样的事情也有所耳闻。顾客能做些什么呢?如果优化商务局的仲裁程序未能成功地解决争端的话，顾客惟一能做的就是向赔偿法庭提出诉讼，但是那样要花费很多的金钱和时间，因此很少有人去做。

人们普遍支持这一观念，即服务已经部分地成了代与代之间变化的受害者。许多年轻人将零售视为跳板性质的工作，是找到真正的工作前暂时做的事情。年轻的服务员缺少知识和礼貌。雇主必须给年轻人进行简单的礼仪培训，因为在家里无法进行。今天的销售员，尤其是较为年轻的人，是在电视和计算机的社会中成长起来的，在这样的社会中，他们大多和机器互相交流。商家对毕业生最常有的抱怨之一就是：他们缺少人与人之间的交际技能。

顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。他们希望打电话时有人接而不是听到忙音信号。他们不想要交互系统告诉他们“如果……请按1，如果……请按2”，他们不想要语音邮件。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。一些人愿意与当地的小商贩打交道，比如：亚洲菜贩，希腊面包师和希腊鱼贩。他们不佩戴胸牌，但是顾客却通过名字认识他们。

篇3：考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析

Between5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed. By 3,000million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria?like creatures to prove it. (21) ――――. Nobody knows what happened, buttheorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self?replicating entities, i.e.something equivalent to “genes” in the general sense.

Theatmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today onother planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructedthese ancientconditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in aflask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge (simulatedlightning), organic substances are spontaneously synthesized. These include thebuilding blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like thishappened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds. (22)――――.

Today themost famous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widelythought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life becauseits replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, whichcould not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has beendescribed as a “high?tech” molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself.Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles inliving cells, was the original self?replicating molecule. Or perhapsthe primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. (23) ――――. Variants that were particularlygood at replication would automatically have come to predominate in theprimeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately,would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever?increasing efficiency amongreplicating molecules.

As thecompetition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone tothe ones that happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self?preservation and their own rapidreplication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of thenatural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of theircapacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellularbodies) for their own preservation and reproduction. (24)――――.

Fossilswere not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years,according to fossil evidence―primitive, jawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish?like muscle patterns―found in China in .Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million yearsago. (25)――――. Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches ofreptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types thatwe see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems tohave been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of thedinosaurs, 65 million years ago.

\[A\]Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish about 250 millionyears ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by variouskinds of animals that we loosely lump together as “reptiles”.

\[B\] Onceself?replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwiniannatural selection could have begun: variation would have come into thepopulation because of random errors in copying.

\[C\] Itis not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup.The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self?replicating molecules, moleculescapable of copying themselves.

\[D\]Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind―the vertebrates, the mammals, andthe primates―these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life.

\[E\]Whenthe environment changes, or when organisms move to a different environment,different variations are selected, leading eventually to different species.Harmful mutations usually die out quickly, so they don?t interfere with the process ofbeneficial mutations accumulating.

\[F\]Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been longenough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as thevertebrate body and the insect body.

\[G\]Sometime between these two dates―independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago―that mysterious event, the originof life, must have occurred.[748 words]

核心词汇

by/in virtue of 凭借(某种手段);由于，因为例：He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young.他因年幼而获得免费. / She became a British citizenby virtue of her marriage.她借助婚姻成了英国公民。

extinction n.[U] *①(物种)灭绝，绝种例：be threatened with extinction濒临灭绝②(信仰、生活方式等)遭毁灭，消失，消亡

hiton/upon ①(经长时间考虑后)突然想出(好主意)例：In this way we hit upon over 20useful methods of work.就这样我们想出了20多种有用的工作方法。 *②偶然发现(某物)例： At last she hit upon a room thatsuited them nicely.最后她找到了一间适合他们使用的房间。

in morethoroughgoing fashion以更彻底的方式;in a... fashion以……方式例：Leave thebuilding in an orderly fashion.要有秩序地走出楼去。

interferewith *①妨碍，打扰例：Don?t allow pleasure to interfere withduty.不要让娱乐妨碍了职责。②干扰(广播或电视播送)

lay down ①放下(武器等)例：The general told the troops to laydown their arms.将军命令部队放下武器。②[常用被动态](正式地或坚决地)阐述，声明，规定例：It is laid down that allapplicants must sit a written exam.根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试。③开始建造;开始做(奠基性的工作)例：Crick and Watson laid down thefoundations of modern genetic research.克里克和沃森为现代遗传学研究奠定了基础。 *④ (化石、地层等的)沉积形成

超纲词汇

anteater n.食蚁兽, 食蚁动物

contrivance n. *①发明，发明物，发明的才能②计谋，诡计

DNA 脱氧核糖核酸，deoxyribonucleic acid的缩写，指细胞核内携带基因信息的物质，具有双螺旋结构

gill n. *①鱼鳃②(蘑菇或其他菌类的)菌褶

lobe n. *①(生物身体上的)肉垂，圆形的突出物②(=earlobe)耳垂③(尤指脑、肺等的)叶

mutation n.(动物、植物的)突变，变异

opossum n. 尾有卷握力的小有袋动物，负鼠

primeval a. *①太古的，太初的(地球或宇宙存在的最早期)②原始的，远古的例：a primeval forest一片原始森林

primordial a. *①太古的，太初的，自原始时代的例：primordial soup原生浆液(地球上生命开始之前存在的物质、气体等混合物)②形式最简单的，基本的例：primordial passions最基本的情感

RNA 核糖核酸，ribonucleic acid的缩写，指存在于生物细胞以及部分病毒、类病毒中的遗传信息载体，将DNA携带的遗传信息转移至蛋白质中，并参与其他细胞内的化学反应

self?replicating a. 自我复制的

synthesized a. ①组合的，综合的 *②人工合成的

vertebrate n. 脊椎动物

长难句分析

该句是一个由but连接的并列句。前一个分句较简单，主干为The most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA... 。后一个分句结构复杂，嵌套了多层从句，其主干是it is widely thought that...;it为形式主语，真主语是that引导的从句;because引导了一个较长的原因状语从句，其中又嵌套了which...非限定性定语从句做 machinery 的后置定语;from... 介词短语后置修饰support。

语篇分析

本文的选材领域是生命科学。作者介绍了自我复制分子在生命起源与动物进化中的重要作用。它是一篇事理说明文，大体按照时间顺序展开介绍。全文总计五段，可分成三大部分。

全文的写作顺序：第一至三段主要围绕生命起源的关键：自我复制分子展开介绍;第四段是过渡段，指出从自我复制分子到复杂生物体的出现，自然选择发挥了关键作用。第五段围绕脊椎动物的进化过程展开介绍。因此作者大体按照时间先后顺序安排全文内容。

一、第一至三段为第一部分，介绍生命起源的关键是自我复制分子的出现。

第一段内容概括：前三句利用时间线索从地球的形成(the Earth was formed)和生命的兴起(life had arisen)，引出生命的起源(the origin of life)这一话题。第三句([G])起承上启下的作用，其中these two dates回指上文提到的两个时间;the origin of life与下文末句中的“关键是自我复制实体即基因的出现(the key was the spontaneousarising of self?replicating entities)”在内容上相呼应。末句提出了全文论述的对象――自我复制实体。

连贯性：前三句句首的时间状语(分别为between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago, by 3,000 million yearsago, some time between these two dates)相互呼应，是段内句子间连贯性的明显体现。

第二段内容概括：通过介绍生命起源的模拟实验，说明自我复制分子出现的条件。该段内容分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，围绕“生命起源实验”展开论述。首句指出了进行实验的条件：原始地球大气中的气体现在仍然存在(the atmosphere of the early Earthcontained gases still abundant today)。二至四句具体介绍化学家模拟原始大气状况进行生命起源的实验(reconstructed these ancientconditions in the laboratory)，包括实验的材料(gases, water, energy)和结果(organic substances are synthesized)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自我复制分子的出现。第五、六句推理原始地球上出现了模拟实验中发生的情况(something like this happened onthe early Earth)：原始海洋成为生命起源以前有机化合物汇集的地方(a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds)。第七、八句([C])转折指出，但更重要的不是有机分子的产生，而是自我复制分子的出现(the origin of self?replicating molecules)。末句中的self?replicating molecules与第一段末句中的self?replicating entities是同一主题词的复现，达到语篇上下衔接。

连贯性：①同义复现关系和代词的使用是段内连贯性的体现。同义词复现：early与ancient;organic substances、organic compounds和organic molecules;a soup of... 与the primeval soup。第四句中these指代上文提到的organic substances。②本段末句中the crucial step、self?replicating molecules分别与第一段末句中的the key和self?replicating entities是同义复现关系。跨越不同段落的同义复现关系是段落间连贯性的体现。③表假设的if是句内连贯性的体现。表结果的consequently是句与句之间的衔接手段。第七句承上启下，保证段内句子间的连贯性。末句引出下一段对自我复制分子起源的介绍，保证段与段之间的连贯性。

第三段内容概括：介绍最初的自我复制分子以及自然选择法则。该段内容也分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，承接上段末句内容，讨论最初的自我复制分子是什么。前两句排除DNA并分析原因(DNA itself could not have beenpresent at the origin of life because...)。第三、四句是并列关系，指出可能是RNA或其他类型的分子(Perhaps the related molecule RNA,or perhaps a different kind of molecule)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自然选择对于自我复制分子的作用。第五句([B])是过渡句，指出自然选择法则伴随着自我复制分子而出现(once... Darwinian naturalselection could have begun);第六、七句是并列关系，说明自然选择法则的过程(variants that were good at replication...varieties that did not replicate or did so inaccurately...);末句总结自然选择的结果是提高了复制分子的效率(ever?increasing efficiency)。

连贯性：①同义词、上下义词的使用、关键词重复出现和呼应现象是段内连贯性的体现。DNA, self?replicating molecule，molecule, origin of life这些相关词反复出现。DNA和RNA是self?replicating molecule的同义词。replicating, replication, replicator,copying相互呼应。variant和varieties是同义词。variation与上述两个词相呼应。②转折连词but、选择连词or也是连贯性的体现。

二、第四段为第二部分，承上启下，指出动物进化过程是自然选择的延续。

内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序安排本段内容，对自然选择过程作进一步解释说明：它存在于自我复制分子的进化以及其后的整个生物进化过程中。首句承接上段末句内容，指出在复制分子的竞争(即，最初的自然选择过程)中，那些具有自我保存和迅速自我复制能力的分子获胜(success must have gone to the onesthat happened to...)。第二句句首的the rest of evolution提示本句谈论的是后来的生物进化过程，指出它是自我复制分子自然选择的延续(a continuation of the naturalselection of replicator molecules)。第三句谈到复杂生物体的出现是动物长期进化的结果(long enough to have produced complexcontrivances)。

连贯性：同义复现关系、关键词重复和代词的使用保证了本段的连贯性。replicating molecules和replicator molecules是同义词复现;首句中的ones指代上文出现的replicating molecules;devices出现两次;第一句中for their own self?preservation and their own rapid replication与第二句中for their own preservation andreproduction也是同义复现关系。

三、第五段为第三部分，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史。

内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史：最早的脊椎动物出现(the first vertebrates)→脊椎动物大量出现(appear abundantly)→有圆形鳍和肺的鱼出现(lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish)→两栖动物和爬行动物出现(amphibians and reptiles)→哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物分化出来(mammals and birds)→哺乳动物的分支(rapid divergence of mammals)，如：有袋动物、大象、食蚂动物、猴子等。

连贯性：按先后顺序出现的五个表时间的短语(nearly 600 million years ago, date back 530 million years, between 300and 400 million years ago, about 250 million years ago, 65 million years ago)是段内句子间连贯性的体现。

试题精解

选项大意概括：

[A]脊椎动物中首先是鱼，然后是两栖动物或爬行动物统治大陆。

[B]一旦自我复制分子形成，达尔文自然淘汰就起作用了。

[C]当然在有机汤里出现有机分子还不够，关键是自我复制分子的出现。

[D]人类的进化只是一小部分。

[E]变异受环境的影响，有害变异通常很快消亡，因此不影响有利变异的积累。

[F]三十亿年是一段很长的时间，足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。

[G]两个时间之间独立分子的出现证明生命起源开始。

21.\[精解\] 答案G本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。

本题空格出现在第一段中。上文提到两个时间和两个事件：一是五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成;二是三十亿年以前生命兴起，有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物的化石来证明。下文则谈到没有人知道发生了什么。由于上文给出的是确定的说法，而下文讲述的是不确定的情况，因此空格处的内容应是出现的新现象，而且其出现的关键是下文提到的理论家认为的自我复制单位的自然出现。选项[B]、[C]中虽然都出现了下文中的关键词self?replicating，但它们无法体现逻辑上的转折，即“由知道到不知道”。只有选项[G]提到了生命起源的概念，而没有具体论述，和下文逻辑上顺接自然，此外其中的some time between these two dates和上文的两个时间相互呼应。

22.\[精解\] 答案C本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接。

本题空格出现在第二段末，应承上启下。上文主要介绍了化学家们在实验室里创造与古代地球相同的大气和海洋，发现了有机物质的产生。从而猜测古代地球正是以这种方式形成了生命起源以前的“有机汤”。下文则开始介绍自我复制分子DNA和RNA。选项[B]、[C]都提到了自我复制分子，但选项[B]出现了上下文都没有的新信息：达尔文自然选择理论。而选项[C]是过渡句，前部分承上，指出仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的;后部分启下，指出关键的步骤是自我复制分子的起源。实际上这和第一段末的内容也相呼应：理论家们认为自我复制单位的出现是生命起源的关键。

23.\[精解\] 答案B本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。

本题空格出现在段中。上文是对自我复制分子DNA和RNA的介绍，指出RNA更可能是最初的自我复制分子，当然也可能是其他种类的分子。下文指出，特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始“有机汤”中占主导地位。那些不复制的或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。这导致了复制分子的效率不断增加。选项[B]、[E]出现下文中的关键词variations，但选项[E]谈论环境造成变异，而且还提到有害变异和有利变异，根本未提及上下文中的self?replicating molecule。选项[B]提到达尔文进化自然选择理论，正是下文内容的综述。

24.\[精解\] 答案F本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。

本题空格出现在段末。上文提到，接下来的进化过程是复制分子(或称为基因)自然淘汰的继续：它们借助自我建立有效的部件(如：细胞和多细胞体)的能力来自我保存和复制。下文提到直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪时代(the Cambrian era)才确定化石小有规模。根据化石证据(在中国发现的“海口鱼”化石)推知最早的脊椎动物可追溯到五亿三千万年前。由自我复制分子的自然淘汰到第一种脊椎动物的出现，之间肯定是漫长的进化过程。空格处内容应弥补这个信息空白。选项[A]超前提出了脊椎动物，[B]停留在自我复制分子的自我淘汰阶段，[C]是自我复制分子的出现，[D]提到了脊椎动物以后的哺乳动物甚至灵长目动物。[G]停留在生命起源。只有F提到，三十亿年的时间里，动物产生了有椎骨的身体，恰当地衔接了上下文。

25.\[精解\] 答案A本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。

本题空格出现在段中。上文提到脊椎动物的大量出现，下文提到哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物的两个分支中衍生出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，又形成了今天我们见到的丰富的动物类型。之间有时间上的跨越。因此预测空格处应弥补这种信息上的空缺，即承接上文的脊椎动物的话题，又能够引出下文哺乳动物的内容。显然正确答案是选项[A]，其中的reptiles在下文中也出现。

全文翻译

在距今约五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成。到了三十亿年以前生命早已兴起，我们有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物化石来证明这一点。在这两个时间之间的某个时候――独立的分子证据显示大约是在四十亿年前――神秘的事件，即生命的起源肯定已经开始了。([G])没人知道发生了什么，但是理论家认为关键是自我复制实体(也就是一般意义上的“基因”)的自然出现。

原始地球大气或许包含了今天在太阳系的其他行星上仍然含量丰富的气体。化学家已经用实验的方法在实验室里重建这些原始的情况。如果类似的各种气体在装有水的一个细颈瓶中被混合，而且通过放电来加入能源(模拟了原始的闪电),有机的物质就自然地被合成了。这些有机物中包括RNA 和 DNA 的砌块。看起来类似的事情曾经发生在原始地球上。结果是，原始海洋可能变成了生命起源以前的有机化合物汇集的“一锅汤”。当然，仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的。正如以上所说的，决定性的步骤是自我复制分子的起源，即能够复制自身特征的分子。([C])

今天最有名的自我复制分子是 DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)，但人们广泛认为DNA本身在生命起源之初不可能存在，因为它的复制太依赖专门的机制的支持，这在进化本身开始之前是不可能存在的。DNA已经被描述为可能是在生命自身起源之后某个时间出现的“高科技”分子。也许仍然在有生命的细胞中扮演各种不同重要角色的相关分子 RNA才是最初的自我复制分子;亦或许原始的复制者是一种完全不同类型的分子。一旦自我复制分子偶然形成，达尔文自然选择之类的法则可能就开始发挥作用了：群体中会因为复制时的偶然错误而产生变异。([B])特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始汤中占主导地位。那些不复制的变种或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。一种分子的自然淘汰导致复制分子的效率不断提高。

当复制分子之间的竞争升温时，胜利一定属于那些刚好使用特别伎俩或装备来实现自我保存和迅速自我复制的分子。余下的进化过程可能被视为复制分子(现在称为基因)借助为自我保存和复制建立有效设备(细胞和多细胞体)的能力进行自然选择的继续。三十亿年是一段很长的时间，而且似乎已经足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。([F])

化石直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪的时代才被确定小有规模。依照19在中国发现的化石证据――原始的无颚鱼，它有鳍、腮和像鱼一样的肌肉模式――第一批脊椎动物可追述到五亿三千万年前。在三、四亿年之间脊椎动物大量地出现在化石床中。在脊椎动物之中，土地首先被大约在二亿五千万年以前出现的长有圆形鳍和肺的鱼所占领，然后被两栖动物和更笼统地被我们称为“爬行动物”的各种不同类型的动物所占领。([A])哺乳动物，稍后是鸟类，从爬行动物的两个不同部门中分化出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，形成了我们今天见到的丰富的类型，负鼠到大象，从食蚁兽到猴子，似乎瞬间充满了六千五百万年以前由于恐龙的悲惨灭绝而留下的真空世界。

备注：1999年我国科学家陈均远等人在昆明郊区发现的“海口鱼”化石，距今5.3亿年，它不但是地球上最早出现的鱼，而且是包括人类在内所有地球脊椎动物的最早祖先。比起原先被认为是脊椎动物鼻祖的文昌鱼，中国“海口鱼”把脊椎动物的起源时间向前推进了整整5000万年。美国一名学者将这一发现描述为“人类重塑地球生命史的一项惊人成就”。

篇4：考研英语一真题阅读答案及解析

21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.

B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.

C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.

D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.

22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by

A free themes.

B casual style.

C elaborate layout.

D radical viewpoints.

23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.

B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.

C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.

D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.

B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.

C His style caters largely to modern specialists.

D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

25. What would be the best title for the text?

A Newspapers of the Good Old Days

B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

C Mournful Decline of Journalism

D Prominent Critics in Memory

21. D

观点题：这道题的摇摆项是C和D，即[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.

[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.题干问一二段的含义是什么。文章中对应的逻辑关联词是under the age of forty, marvel at the fact, suitable, dailies，即young readers对应的逻辑关联词为under the age of forty，marvel对应的逻辑关联词为doubt，suitable对应的逻辑关联词为suitability。

22. B

观点题：这道题的摇摆项为A和B，即[A] free themes [B] casual style。文章中对应的逻辑关联词为ornament(装饰品)，即ornament对应casual(随意的，随便的，马虎的)。本题考得是一词多义能力。

23. B

观点题：非常简单，没有摇摆项，即[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.。文章中对应的逻辑关联词是contempt，即contempt对应contemptible。

24. A

信息题：这道题的摇摆项为A和D，即[A ] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. [D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.。文章中相对应的逻辑关联词是forgetten, unknown save, revival remote，即对应may not appeal to(肯能不吸引今天的读者)。本题同样考一词多义。

25. D或B

观点题：这道题的摇摆项为B和D，即[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers(在报纸中消失在视野中<的一个事件>) [D] Prominent Critics in Memory(卓越的评论家在记忆中或在过去)

26. C

观点题：这道题的摇摆项是C和D，即[C] the possible restriction on their granting [D] the controversy over authorization。题干Business-method patents最近引起关注的原因。选项C在文章中对应逻辑关联词是ready to scale back on，即ready对应possible，restriction对应scale back on。选项D对应的逻辑关联词为controversial, authorized, granted，即controversial对应controversy，authorized, granted对应authorization。

27. D

观点题：非常简单，没有摇摆项，即[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。文章中对应逻辑关联词为wether it should “reconsider”(是否重新再考虑)。

28. C

推理词义题：这道题的摇摆项是C和D，即[C]change of attitude。题干about-face最可能的意思。文章中对应逻辑关联词是curb, approving，即已经批准，现在有打算限制。

29. D

观点题：高难度题，但只能选D，没有摇摆项，即 [D] increase the incidence of risks。文章对应逻辑关联词是hedging risk(限制风险)。法律是为了限制风险，那这种专利模式当然是增加风险。

30. A

文章主题题：这道题的摇摆项为A和C，即[A]A looming threat to business-method patents [C]A legal case regarding business-method patents。A是隐隐逼近的一种威胁，C是关于这种专利模式一个法律案件。整篇文章都在controversy这个专利模式，最后一段指出将会尾随其后最高法院的一系列判决，即限制专利保护的范围。

31. B

观点题：非常简单，没有摇摆项，即[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas。与文章中对应的关联词为acting, influentials, 即acting(起作用)对应function。

32. D

信息题：这道题的摇摆项为B和C，即[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends [D] requires solid(坚实的或确凿的) evidence for its validity。题干作者暗示两步流理论。文章中对应逻辑关联词为but it doesn't explain，即第一段最后提出那本书并没有解释idea实际上是怎么传播的。untested theory对应solid evidence。

33. A

观点题：非常简单，没有摇摆项，即[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions。文章中的对应词汇是each person, in turn influence。

34. C

推理代词题：高难度题，每一个选项都可能是摇摆项，即[A]stay outside the network of social influence [B]have little contact with the source of influence [C]are influenced and then influence others [D] are influenced by the initial influential。这道题可以算是新题型，很像翻译题的考试风格。

35. C

观点题：比较简单，没有摇摆项，即{C}The readiness to be influenced。文章中相对应的逻辑关联词是easy，即考readiness(容易)一词多义。

36. A

信息题：比较简单，没有摇摆项，即[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules。文中相对应的逻辑关联词是not fair，即既然银行家们认为是不公平的，那么对他们自身肯定是不利的。

37. A

信息题：这道题的摇摆项为A和D，[A]the diminishing role of management [D]the weakening of its independence。文章中对应单词为more freedom。

38. D

观点题：没有摇摆项，其他选项都是荒谬选项。[D]take gradual measures in reform

39. B

观点题：高难度题，这道题的摇摆项是A和B，即[A]misinterpreted market price indicators [B]exaggerated the real value of their assets。文章中对应的逻辑关联词overvalued, overstate，即过去高估资产，今天市场高估损失

40. D

作者态度题：这道题的摇摆项为C和D，即[C]objectiveness(客观) [D]sympathy。But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

篇5：考研英语阅读全面解析

考研英语阅读全面解析

辅导资料教你全面认识考研英语阅读、告诉你需要做什么、如何掌握阅读理解命题思路。请务必做到以下三大点，轻松拿高分不是梦，夺回我们已经远去的名校!

一、关于考研英语阅读你需要了解的.

文章来源：“Economist” ; “Time” ; “Newsweek” ;

“U.S. News & World Report”

“Scientific American”

文章题裁：社会科学：经济学、社会学、教育学、

心理学、传播学

自然科学：纯自然科学、边缘学科

人文科学：文学评论、文艺史、人性哲学

社会科学为主，自然科学为辅，新的趋势是人文科学的文章。

文章的体裁：以议论文，说明文为主

二、关于考研英语你需要做的

词汇： 5500大纲词：达到认知水平

真题：核心词，熟词僻义，词义辨析，固定搭配

单词记忆方法：构词法，近义词法，反义词法等

语法：非谓语动词(重点分词作后置定语与分词作状语);

定语从句;名词性从句，状语从句

虚拟语气;倒装结构

背景常识：

英语世界

大学英语

英语文摘

三、阅读理解命题思路

(1)理解全文主旨(2)理解段落中心意思及反映段落中心意思的核心句(3)理解文章中的具体事实细节(4)对文章中具体事实细节进行有关的判断、推理和引申的能力(5)理解段落内部论点和论据的关系(6)根据上下文推测生词含义(7)理解作者的意图、观点、态度(8)理解文章的结论

篇6：考研英语阅读题型解析

考研英语阅读题型解析

“得阅读者，得天下”相信这句话对考研的童鞋并不陌生，考研英语在考研中处于重要地位，阅读在考研英语中又有着举足轻重的作用。想要战胜考研英语，首先要跨过阅读这个难题。其实英语阅读总结起来，也就那么几个重点题型，如果能够掌握牢固，相信要战胜英语阅读并不是什么难事。

细节性题型。

阅读考题中，有一种细节性题目，重点集中在细节上。而细节题也有难有易，较容易的可以根据题干或选项的线索回原文定位，然后由相关句得到正确答案；较难的也可以在正确定位的基础上经过一定的推断得出正确的答案。其实这类题的技巧性不大，最主要的是耐心和细心。

主题性题型。

主题性题型主要考查我们对文章或者段落中心思想的掌握，要做好这一类题的一个重点就是要抓住中心句。中心句通常以判断句的形式出现，全文的中心句常出现在文章第一段句首、第一段句末和全文末等地方，段落的中心句则通常是该段的'首句和末句。所以，做这类题目的时候要重点分析这些句子。

词汇性题型。

词汇性题也是考研英语中常见题目之一。这种问题主要是根据上下文判断大纲词汇表以外某些词汇和短语的意义，主要考查两种情况：一种是熟词僻义或特定语言环境下的具体词义，在这种情况下，常规含义一般都不是正确答案；另一种是超出词汇表的生词含义的推断。无论是哪一种，都只能根据上下文来判断该词的真正含义。

态度性题型。

这类题目平时考察还是比较多的，态度性问题主要考查我们是否了解作者或者文中某人对某事所持的观点或态度。做这一类型题的题目，最好在读文章和题干时，便把其中描述态度的词标记出来，然后在文中找到有典型褒贬含义的词汇，最后再将两部分词进行对比得出答案。

推断性题型。

这类题主要考查我们根据已知内容推断引申含义的能力。它要求我们根据文章中的关键词、短语、结构等进行推断，或要求我们通过阅读某段或几段内容，推断出一个结论，类似于主题性问题。做这类题时，一定要避免不依据关键词而凭空进行推断。

以上是老师们针对考研英语阅读中容易出现的几种题型解题方法的介绍，希望2012的考研童鞋通过这些的学习，对自己英语成绩的提高有所帮助。

中国大学网研究生考试频道。

篇7：考研英语阅读题解析

考研英语阅读题解析

PART 1

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

▲闪光词组

描述伟人的典型生活：recount the exemplary lives of great men

强调古典英雄的美德：highlight the virtue of classical heroes

征服命运、奋斗到社会顶层：conquer fortune and rise to the top

宣扬狡诈、无情和无耻：champion cunning , ruthlessness , and boldness

正直、仁慈和公正：virtue , mercy and justice

▲长难句翻译

In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes.

1337年，Petrarch 开始撰写杂文《名人传》，强调古典英雄的美德。

PART 2

“Universal history ， the history of what man has accomplished in this world , is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here ,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well , not any more it is not . Suddenly , Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorte historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze , but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past : less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain . Today , we want empathy , not inspiration.

▲闪光词组

实质上：be at bottom

可能只是：could be no more than X

一时的文学热潮：a passing literary craze

了解过去：approach the past

需要共鸣，而不是启示：want empathy , not inspiration

▲长难句翻译

This could be no more than a passing literary craze , but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past : less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain .

这可能只是一时的.文学热潮，但同时也揭示了一个更为广泛的真理，指导我们现在应该如何了解过去：不那么着重与向前人学习，对感受他们的痛苦更感兴趣。

篇8：考研英语模拟试题及答案解析

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)

The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.

Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate, apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap, and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. (47) So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned, no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century. Yet the chief impetus to the foundation of universities came after that date, and in more recent times has even increased.

(48) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence.

This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energising as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.

Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. (49) It works by drawing the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.

Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants act on knowledge without imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.

The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (50) The habit of unbiased thought, whereby the ideal variety of exemplification is discerned in its derivation from general principles, cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of preserving a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly, and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

Six months from now, you will be graduating from the university. For the time being, you are looking for a chance of internship at the Evening Post of the city.

1) State your wish to work as an intern with the newspaper;

2) Explain what kind of job that you're looking for;

3) And State your reasons why you can do the job well.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)

篇9：考研英语二翻译答案及解析

来源分析：

文章来源于www.spring.org.uk，它是一个关于心理学方面的网站。原文标题是：The Well-Travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By，文章链接地址如下：www.spring.org.uk//06/the-well-travelled-road-effect-why-familiar-routes-fly-by.php

翻译真题，经过命题人改编，完全符合英语二翻译部分大纲要求，总字数为156个词，有8句话，难度与年初翻译难度相当。

真题和答案如下，大家参考。若有错误，请指正：

Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual(命题人改编为：lose concentration on the) driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。可以是你每天上下班、去城里、或者回家的路。不管是什么路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。结果是你觉得路途上所花的时间比实际要少。

This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

这就是所谓的“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估在熟悉的线路上所花费的时间。

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately(命题人删掉了这个词) shorter.

这种效应是由于我们注意力分配的方式不同引起的。如果我们行驶在熟悉的路线上，因为不需要太集中精力，会感觉时间流逝较快。以后，一旦回想这段路程，因为注意力没有集中在此，我们就会全然忘记。这样，我们就会觉得路程更短。

篇10：考研英语（二）试题及答案解析

说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,” only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float” - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.

Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.

1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise

2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around

3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role

4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse

5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady

6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on

7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive

8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant

9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print

10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down

11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when

12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn

13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though

14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease

15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed

16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear

17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return

18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification

19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for

20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in , [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______

[A] the impact of technological advances

[B] the alleviation of job pressure

[C] the shrinkage of textile mills

[D] the decline of middle-class incomes

22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______

[A] work on cheap software

[B] ask for a moderate salary

[C] adopt an average lifestyle

[D] contribute something unique

23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______

[A] gains of technology have been erased

[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

[C] factories are making much less money than before

[D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____

[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution

[B] to ensure more education for people

[C] ro advance economic globalization

[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

[A] New Law Takes Effect

[B] Technology Goes Cheap

[C] Average Is Over

[D] Recession Is Bad

Text 2

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

[B] leave their home countries for good.

[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.

[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____

[A] needs new immigrant categories.

[B] has loosened control over immigrants.

[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.

[D] has been fixeed via political means.

28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

[A] fiancial incentives.

[B] a global recognition.

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

[D] the freedom to stay and leave.

29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __

[A] as faithful partners.

[B] with economic favors.

[C] with regal tolerance.

[D] as mighty rivals.

30 选出最适合文章的标题

[A] come and go: big mistake.

[B] living and thriving : great risk.

[C] with or without : great risk.

[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.

篇11：考研英语模拟试题及答案解析

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.

Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.

Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.

One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many highschool students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work.

14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.

Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .

1. [A] identification [B] entertainment [C] accommodation [D] occupation

2. [A] however [B] therefore [C] though [D] thereby

3. [A] entirely [B] mainly [C] partly [D] his

4. [A] since [B] therefore [C] furthermore [D] forever

5. [A] place [B] chance [C]field [D] opening

6. [A] to [B] for [C] without [D] with

7. [A] little [B] few [C] much [D] a lot

8. [A] chance [B] basis [C] purpose [D] opportunity

9. [A] apply [B] appeal [C] stick [D] turn

10. [A] imagined [B] substantial [C] acquired [D] demanded

11. [A] concerning [B] following [C] considering [D] disregarding

12. [A] preferences [B] requirements [C] tendencies [D] ambitions

13. [A] contribute [B] attach [C] attribute [D] allot

14. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Nevertheless [D] Moreover

15. [A] proportion [B] part [C] quanitity [D] batch

16. [A] proposal [B] suggestion [C] consideration [D] appraisal

17. [A] towards [B] against [C] out of [D] without

18. [A] knowledge [B] satisfaction [C] culture [D] sensitivity

19. [A] turns [B] parts [C] choices [D] risks

20. [A] awards [B] requirements [C] results [D] needs

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)

Text 1

It is said that people buy contemporary art when they are confident about the future and old art when they are not. Conventional wisdom has it that older art holds its value, while contemporary stuff is for risk-lovers. William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale, estimates that during the last art-market depression, which set in after 1990, impressionist and contemporary works fell by most (51% and 40% respectively), while Old Masters suffered least (down by 16%). Yet despite the ups and downs, contemporary works have been rewarding for those who are prepared to hang on: according to Jianping Mei and Michael Moses, professors at New York University (NYU) since 1970 the returns on contemporary art have far exceeded those on Old Masters and 19th-century paintings.

Since the late 1980s, more sophisticated analysis of the art market and a growing interest in alternative investments have spurred the creation of several new investment funds focused on art. At a recent conference organised by one of these, the Fine Art Fund, Rachel Campbell of Maastricht University pointed out the low correlation between returns on art and on those other investments. Given that it usually pays to diversify, that is a good argument for investing in art, whatever your taste. The Fine Art Fund, which began buying this April (and has 36% of its money in cash), advises that investors spread their art allocation fairly evenly between Impressionists, Old Masters, modern art and contemporary works.

Contemporary art, in particular, has served rich investors well in the past few years. Prices stayed stable when stock markets fell. Nevertheless, one recent academic study has found a correlation with another asset class: during the last world art boom, in the late 1980s, prices were closely tied to property values, specifically Japanese land prices. After 1990, art and property fell together. Now property prices in several countries are once again at frightening heights.

Investing in art will always be a risky business. Works of art by definition belong to different categories; holding periods vary; the market is illiquid; art yields no income, producing only capital gain or loss; transaction costs are high. As for contemporary art in particular, it is a sobering thought that, according to Mr Moses, each year an average of only two artists emerge whose work increases in value over time. All this speaks against a big commitment to speculating in art; better, maybe, simply to buy what you like, if you can: treat your money, in other words, not as invested but as consumed.

21. By saying that the market is illiquid (Line 2, Para. 4), the author suggests that .

[A] art works seldom lose their value in the market

[B] investment in art does not have guaranteed return of profits

[C] the difficulty to trade art works is obvious and evident

[D] the art market tends to be responsive to the economic situation

22. The Fine Art Fund advise that investors need to spread their art allocation because .

[A] Old Masters always promise a high return of profits

[B] different art works are valued differently in the market

[C] buying art works is always a good way of investment

[D] people should be aware of the risks of investment in art

23. The returns on contemporary art indicate .

[A] people have come to see the value of contemporary art