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篇1：美国历届总统简介：第16任总统 亚伯拉罕?林肯
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a one-room log cabin in Kentucky. Growing up in the countryside, he made extraordinary efforts to educate himself while working on a farm and in a store. He said,“somehow I could read and write”. He was a captain in the U.S. Army and then spent eight years as a lawyer. His partner said Lincoln’s “ambition was a little engine that knew no rest.“
182月12日，亚伯拉罕·林肯出生在肯塔基州的一间小木屋中。生在乡下，林肯曾经以务农为生，也在储藏室工作过，与此同时，他发愤图强努力奋进。他说：“我将通过某种方式来读书、写字”。林肯曾担任美军上尉，并作了八年的律师。他的搭档说林肯的志向就像一台小型引擎一样，永不停歇。
Lincoln was a one-term member of the House of Representatives, but failed to get a seat in the U.S. Senate. He campaigned for years against slavery, calling it a “monstrous injustice”. In his speeches, he continually reminded people that “the authors of the Declaration of Independence…’did consider all men were created equal’”. He was elected as the United States’ 16th President in November 1860.
他还曾经担任过一届众议院议员，但是没有能够获得参议院的席位。有几年，林肯一直在声讨奴隶制度，他把这叫做“极端不公”。在他的多次演讲中，他不断提醒人民“独立宣言的作者”“人人生而平等”。1860年11月，他成为了美国第16任总统。
Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: ”You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.“ Despite this, the American Civil War started on April 12, 1861. Lincoln sent 75,000 troops to the South to “preserve the Union”. At Gettysburg in 1863, he said the War had created a new birth of freedom in the nation.
在就职演说中，他警告南方军：“上帝没有让你们来毁灭国家，我有义务来保护她，不让她受到伤害”。虽让这样，但美国内战还是在1861年4月12日爆发。林肯派七万五千名士兵开往南方“保卫祖国”。1863年在葛底斯堡，他说这场战争让自由在这个国家里重生。
Lincoln was re-elected for a second term in 1864 after building the Republican Party into a strong national organization. He had already issued the Emancipation Proclamation that ended slavery. He promised to rebuild post-War America but was assassinated in April 1865. Lincoln’s death marked the first assassination of a U.S. president. He is continually considered to be one of the three greatest ever Presidents.
1864年，林肯再一次当选为美国总统，在这之前，他建立了共和党。并颁布了结束奴隶制的解放奴隶宣言。虽然他承诺重建战后的美国，但是他却在1865年4月遭到枪杀。林肯是第一位遭到枪杀的美国总统。他也被人们认为是美国最伟大的三位总统之一。
篇2：美国历届总统简介：第1任总统 乔治华盛顿
George Washington was the first President of the USA and is consistently voted as one its top five leaders. He was born in 1732 in Virginia. His family were well off and owned a plantation. Growing up, he learned the morals, manners, and knowledge necessary for an 18th-century Virginia gentleman. He was greatly interested in two things while he grew up: military arts and western expansion.
乔治·华盛顿是美国的第一届总统，同时也是美国的五大领袖之一。他于1732年出生在弗吉尼亚州一户拥有种植园的富裕家庭。随着年龄的增长，他学会了18世纪弗吉尼亚绅士的道德、礼貌、以及学识。在他的成长中，他对两件事特别感兴趣：军事艺术和西方殖民扩张。
In 1754, at the age of 22, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Army. He fought in the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The following year he escaped injury in battle although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. His military experience taught him valuable lessons in leadership he would use later in his political life.
1754年，22岁的华盛顿成为了美国陆军中校。他参加了法国和印度之战的导火线。在接下来的一年里，尽管4颗子弹穿过他的上衣、2匹坐下的战马被子弹打死，而他却安然无恙。从军给了他领导方面的宝贵经验，这让他在日后的政治生涯中受益匪浅。
From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands. He married Martha Dandridge Custis and devoted himself to farming life. However, he felt exploited by British merchants and British regulations. In 1775, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years. He forced the surrender of the British at Yorktown in 1781.
1759年至美国独立战争爆发期间，华盛顿经营着自己的农场。他与玛莎·丹德里奇·柯蒂斯结为了夫妇，并全身心投入到农耕生活中。然而，他体会到了英国商人及英国制度的剥削。1775年，他带领一支缺乏训练的队伍开始了长达6年的艰苦战役。1781年，他迫使英国人在约克镇投降。
Washington entered politics and became a prime mover in the steps leading to creating the Constitution in 1787. After the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected him as the USA's first President. Washington avoided further wars and promoted the importance of federal power. He died in 1799 and was hailed as ”first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen“.
1787年，华盛顿进入政坛，并成为创建美国宪法的主要发起人。新宪法获批后，总统选举团推选华盛顿为美国的第一任总统。此后，华盛顿在避免战争的同时，加强联邦政府的权力。17，华盛顿逝世。他被誉为“战争中的第一人、和平第一人、国人心中的第一人。”
篇3：美国历届总统简介：第10任总统 约翰泰勒
John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States, serving between 1841 and 1845. He was dubbed ”His Accidency“ by his opponents because he was the first Vice-President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Tyler was born in Virginia in 1790 on his father's plantation. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 19, against bar regulations.
约翰·泰勒是美国第10任总统，任期自1841年至1845年。他是美国历史上第一位因在任总统逝世而以副总统继任总统的人，因此他被反对派戏称为“继任总统”。1790年，泰勒出生在弗吉尼亚他父亲的种植园里。他学过法律，并在19岁时被法院破格录用。
Tyler started his political career at an early age. At the age of 21, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served five successive one-year terms. He then went on to sit in the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1821. Tyler voted against most nationalist legislation. As a Senator he reluctantly supported Jackson for President as a choice between several evils.
泰勒很早便开始从政。21岁时，他入选弗吉尼亚议会，该职务任期为一年，他连任了五届。18至18，泰勒服务于美国众议院。他曾投票反对种族主义立法。身为参议员，他不愿支持杰克逊担任美国总统之职，他认为这是不利的选择。
The Whigs nominated Tyler for Vice President in 1840, hoping for support from southern states. Suddenly, incumbent President Harrison was dead after just 30 days in office and Tyler was in the White House. He insisted upon assuming the full powers of a duly elected President and even delivered an Inaugural Address. He was to have a troubled time as president.
1840年，辉格党希望赢得南部各州的支持，将泰勒提名为美国副总统。意外的是，在任美国总统哈里森在就职仅30天后便逝世了，于是泰勒入驻了美国白宫。泰勒坚持要取得美国正式总统的所有权利，甚至还进行了总统就职演说。但他的总统当得并不是一帆风顺。
Tyler's cabinet resigned over his economic policy. They expelled him from his own party and sent him hundreds of letters threatening to assassinate him. The House of Representatives initiated the first impeachment proceedings against a president in U.S. history. It failed. He did succeed in keeping his promise to annex the Republic of Texas, which became the 28th state in 1845. Tyler died in 1862, aged 71.
因不满泰勒的经济政策，泰勒任命的内阁进行了集体辞职。他们将泰勒开除党外，并写了上百封信威胁要暗杀他。美国众议院还发起了美国有史以来的第一次总统弹劾活动。但这次弹劾活动以失败告终。泰勒成功地遵守了自己的诺言，使得德克萨斯共和国加入美国——1845年，德克萨斯成了美国第28个州。1862年，泰勒逝世，享年71岁。
篇4：美国历届总统简介：第17任总统 安德鲁?约翰逊
Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.
安德鲁·约翰逊是美国第17任总统。亚伯拉罕·林肯刺杀之后，约翰逊成为了总统。18，约翰逊出生于北卡罗来纳州的罗利，他的家境贫寒。孩童时期，他成为了一名学习裁缝的学徒，但是他离开了这里，在田纳西州开了自己的裁缝铺。18岁时与伊莱扎·麦卡德尔结婚，她教他提高自己的阅读和写作水平。
Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice President in 1865.
约翰逊参加了在田纳西州的辩论会，并组织了工人党。1883年，他选举成为市长，并在两年之后代表田纳西州成为了众议议员。1853年，他成为了田纳西州州长，在这之前，他担任了五任众议议员。18570-1862年，约翰逊成为了国家参议员。1865年他成为了美国副总统，那时他的政治道路几乎已经完成。
With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, mostsouthern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, ”black codes“ to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.
1865年4月，林肯遭到射杀，约翰逊随即成为了美国总统。作为总统，他重建了南部的联邦各州。1865年，国会再次集结，当时大部分的南方各州都得到了重建，并废除了奴隶制。但是，“黑人法典”又开始限制人身的自由，这引发了党内的分歧。
In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged 66.
1867年3月，通过了总统任职期宪法案。如果约翰逊违反了法律中的一条，国会有权将他弹劾。1868年春参议院将他逮捕，但是他以一票的优势被判无罪。1867年，约翰逊从俄罗斯帝国手中购买下了阿拉斯加。1869年，卸任。1875年，田纳西州让约翰逊返回了参议院，数月后与世长辞，享年66岁。
篇5：美国历届总统简介：第14任总统 富兰克林?皮尔斯
Franklin Pierce was born in New Hampshire in 1804. He was the 14th President of the United States. Pierce attended Bowdoin College. After graduation he studied law and then entered politics. At the age of 24 he was elected to the New Hampshire legislature; two years later he became its Speaker. During the1830's he went to Washington, first as a Representative, then as a Senator.
富兰克林·皮尔斯于18出生于新罕布什尔州。他曾是美国的第14任总统。皮尔斯曾就读于鲍登学院。毕业之后，他学习了法学，之后进入了政坛。在他24岁时，他成为了新罕布什尔州议会会员，两年后，他成为了新罕布什尔州议会议长。19世纪30年代，他来到了华盛顿，并成为了美国众议员，之后又成为了参议员。
He decided to volunteer to fight in the Mexican-erican War and rose to the rank of colonel. He rose through the ranks and became a brigadier, taking command of his own brigade. During the Battle of Contreras he was seriously wounded in the leg when he fell off his horse. Despite the pain, he returned to battle the next day. He proved his skill as a military commander by going on to capture Mexico City.
在墨西哥战争期间，他自愿出征，并升为上校。之后又成为了准将，并开始领导自己的军队。在康崔拉斯战役期间，他摔下了马，摔伤了腿，伤势严重。但是他不顾伤势，并在第二天重新回到了战场。他占领了墨西哥城，从这一方面也证明了他作为军事指挥家的能力。
After the Mexican War Pierce ran for the 1852 Presidential nomination. He won with a narrow margin of the popular vote. In his Inaugural speech he proclaimedan era of peace and prosperity at home and a more forceful foreign policy. This included trying to persuade Spain to sell Cuba. He also purchased the area now comprising southern Arizona and part of southern New Mexico for $10,000,000.
墨西哥战役之后，皮尔斯成为了1852年美国总统的候选人，并以微弱优势获胜。在他的就职演说中，他提出让美国进入和平、繁荣的时代，并实施更加激进的对外政策。这包括劝西班牙售卖古巴。他还花费了一千万美金购买了现如今包括亚利桑那州南部，以及新墨西哥州南部的地区。
Pierce upset the delicate north-south balance in 1854 when he passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This reopened the question of slavery in the West as it allowed residents of the new territories to decide the slaveryquestion for themselves. The result was a rush by southerners and northerners into Kansas. Shooting broke out, and ”bleeding Kansas“ became a prelude to the Civil War. Pierce died in 1869.
1854年，皮尔斯通过了堪萨斯—内布拉斯加法案，这一行为打乱了南北之间的平衡，并再一次引发了西方的奴隶制问题，因为这一法案允许新开发地区的居民自行解决奴隶制问题。这一结果导致南方军和北方军进入堪萨斯。堪萨斯内战也为美国内战拉开了序曲。皮尔斯死于1869年。
篇6：美国历届总统简介：第12任总统 扎卡里泰勒
Zachary Taylor was the United States' 12th President. He was born in Virginia in 1784 and taken as an infant to Kentucky to be raised on a plantation. He lived in a small wood cabin, before moving to a brick house as a result of his family's increased prosperity. He shared the house with seven brothers and sisters. Since there were no schools on the Kentucky frontier, Taylor had only a basic education.
扎卡里·泰勒是美国第12任总统。1784年，泰勒出生在弗吉尼亚州，不久，由于举家搬迁，泰勒来到了肯塔基，并在父亲的种植园里长大。随着泰勒家族的日益繁荣，他们搬进了砖房，在此之前，泰勒住的是小木屋。泰勒和七个兄弟姐妹住在一起。由于肯塔基边境没有学校，泰勒只接受过基础教育。
Taylor joined the U.S. Army in 1808. He was promoted to captain in 1810 and in 1812, he successfully defended Indiana's Fort Harrison from attack by Native Americans. He spent the next three decades winning major military victories, including the Battle of Buena Vista in 1847 during the Mexican-American War. This last battle elevated him to being a national hero and compared with George Washington.
18，泰勒加入了美国军队。18和18，他被提升为上尉，并在印第安纳州的哈里逊堡成功击退了印第安人的进攻。在接下来的30年里，他赢得了重大的军事胜利，其中包括1847年美墨战争中的维斯塔战役。最后一场战役——维斯塔战役使他成为了美国的民族英雄，堪比乔治·华盛顿。
Taylor decided to enter politics in 1848. With his reputation as a war hero and his straight talking, he won the 1848 presidential election. The slavery issue dominated much of Taylor's term in office, especially because he owned 100 slaves. He advised California and New Mexico to apply for statehood. Southern leaders threatened to break away from the Union as the new states would reject bills allowing slavery.
1848年，泰勒决定从政。因为他既是战神，说话又直言不讳，于是被选为了1848年美国总统。泰勒在任期间的主导问题是奴隶制问题——他当时拥有100个奴隶。他主张给予加利福尼亚和新墨西哥州的地位。南方领导人威胁要脱离联邦，成立一个无奴隶制的新国家。
Taylor stood firm against the possible rebellion. He said he would personally lead the Army in a fight against them and hang ”persons taken in rebellion…with less reluctance than…hanged deserters and spies in Mexico". He never wavered, but events took an unexpected turn. He died in 1850 as a compromise was being drafted. The conflict he warned of started eleven years later – the American Civil War.
泰勒坚决抵制这潜在叛乱。他说他会亲自带领军队攻打他们，还要绞杀“叛兵……以比绞杀墨西哥逃兵和间谍……更不容懈怠的精神。”对此，他从未动摇过，然而事情又发生了意想不到的变化。1850年，正当和解协议起草期间，泰勒逝世了。后，这场泰勒警示过的冲突又重新燃起——美国内战爆发。
篇7：美国历届总统简介：第31任总统 赫伯特?克拉克?胡佛
Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States, serving between 1929 and 1933. He was born in Iowa in 1874. His father was a blacksmith. He enrolled at Stanford University when it opened in 1891,and graduated as a mining engineer. He married his Stanford sweetheart, Lou Henry, and they went to China, where he worked for a private corporation as China's leading engineer.
赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛是美国第31任总统，任期为1929年至1933年。1874年，胡佛出生于爱荷华州。他的父亲是一名铁匠工人。斯坦福大学建于1891年，胡佛曾就读于这所学校，毕业后，他成为了一名采矿工程师。胡佛与他斯坦福的同学-罗·亨利结婚，并前往中国，并在一家私人公司工作，作为中国主要的工程师。
One week before Hoover celebrated his 40th birthday in London, Germany declared war on France, and the American Consul General asked his help in getting stranded tourists home. In six weeks his committee helped 120,000 Americans return to the United States. Next Hoover turned to a far more difficult task, to feed Belgium, which had been overrun by the German army.
就在胡佛在伦敦庆祝他40岁生日的前一周，德国对法国宣战，美国总领事要求他帮助受困美国游客回国。在六周的时间内，他的委员会帮助12万美国人返回了美国。之后，胡佛又接管了更为棘手的任务，向比利时提供食品补给，当时比利时已经被德国军队所控。
After the United States entered the war, President Wilson appointed Hoover as the head of the Food Administration. He succeeded in cutting consumption of foods needed overseas and avoided rationing at home, yet kept the Allies fed. He then served as Secretary of Commerce under Presidents Harding and Coolidge. Hoover became the Republican Presidential nominee and won the 1928 election.
美国参战之后，威尔逊总统任命胡佛为粮食总署署长。他成功地削减了军队在国外的消量，并避免了国内的配给。同时保证了同盟国的食品补给。哈定总统以及柯立芝总统在位时，他担任了商务部长。之后，胡佛成为了共和党候选人，并赢得了1928年的总统大选。
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months into his term. He created many projects to tryand end the Great Depression, such as the Hoover Dam. He cut taxes and increased public spending. None of this produced economic recovery. As a result, Hoover is ranked poorly among former presidents. After WorldWar II, he was a fierce opponent of communism. He died in 1964 at the age of 90.
1929年，在他担任总统不到8个月时，华尔街爆发了股灾。他运用了多种方式来尝试结束这场大萧条，例如胡佛水坝。他削减了税务，提高了公共消费。然而没有一项举措能够使经济得到复苏。这导致胡佛在往任总统中的排名较低。二战以后，他强烈反对共产主义。他于1964年去世，享年90岁。
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