高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略（通用10篇）由网友“咸吃萝卜淡操心”投稿提供，下面是小编整理过的高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略
一、高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略
动词时态题是高考英语单项选择题中的一项测试重点。随着单项题设题语境化因素的进一步强化，动词时态题在语境中进行测试的这一特点更趋突出，由此给考生的应试增加了一定的难度。结合历年高考英语试题中动词时态题，现将其设题特点及应试策略分析如下：
一、题干中直接性地给定时间状语，让考生通过对题干中所提供的时间状语及对语境的分析即能作出正确的判断，从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况
例1．How can you possibly miss the news？ It ________ on TV all day long.（高考北京卷）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
解析 选A 该题在语境中测试现在完成时的基本用法。根据语境中说话人前一分句所用动词时态（can miss）以及选项中所给时间状语all day long可知，说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止之前一直在进行的动作，而且还要继续下去的动作，故该题应选用现在完成时。选项B、C、D显然不符题意。
例2．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET )
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在由as引导的时间状语从句结构中的运用。分析句意可知，as在此引导时间状语从句，强调“一边……一边……”之意。主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词同时进行，且都发生在过去。这种情况下，as引导的主从句的谓语动词通常都用一般过去时。
例3．At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 选B 该题测试将来进行时在含有将来时间状语的句式结构中的运用。分析句中时间状语at this time tomorrow表示将来具体某一时刻，说明句中谓语动词是在将来某一时刻要发生的事，且强调正在进行的动作，故应选用将来进行时。
例4．John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 春)
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
解析 选D 该题题干长，信息量大，但题干中提供了具体时间状语，降低了测试难度。根据上下文语境，第一空句中谓语动词的动作强调到现在为止已有8年，故应用现在完成时；第二空句中时间状语before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，强调在过去某点时间之前所发生的事，故应选用过去完成时。
应试策略
解答该类动词时态题型首先要求考生要加强基础训练，夯实运用动词时态的基本功，要正确认识不同的时间状语在不同的动词时态中运用。考生在解答该类题型时，应充分利用题干中所给时间状语及所提供的语境，准确把握各个时间状语在各种不同动词时态中的运用，正确区分同一个时间状语在多种时态中的用法，最终作出正确选择。
实战演练
1. -How are you today？
-Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. -Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer？
-No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. -Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
-That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
二、题干中给定时间状语，但所给时间状语干扰性强、迷惑性大，考生必须根据上下文语境进行判断，才能作出解答。该题型着重考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中的动词时态的特殊运用的掌握情况
例5． I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. （20春季高考北京卷）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 选C 分析该题题干，while reading the English textbooks为现在分词作时间状语，因其没有明确为过去时间所发生的动作，还是现在时间所发生的动作，所以，干扰了考生的思维，让考生产生了定视。不少考生没有继续读完后一分句，没能看到后一分句中的一般过去时，都认为前一分句是现在时间所发生的动作，而误选了选项B、D。实际上，考生在解答该题时，只要能读完整个题干，把握住句中动作所发生的时间段，便能作出正确选择。
例6．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge？ It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
解析 选B 该题在语境中测试一般将来时、将来进行时以及将来完成时的用法区别。该题的关键是句中所提供的时间状语for several days干扰了考生的思维，不少考生因定势思维的影响，总认为介词for引导的一段时间作状语，用于完成时的结构中，而误选了答案D（将来完成时）。事实上，介词for引导的一段时间作状语既可用于完成时，也可用于将来时和一般过去式，而将来完成时常用于by 或by the end of引导的时间状语的句式结构中。
例7．-You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it？
-I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.（NMET 02）
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 选D 该题测试一般过去式在语境中的运用。题干中所提供的时间状语sooner给考生的思维带来了很大的干扰性。通常情况下，考生对时间状语soon理解为“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影响，都误选了选项C（一般将来时）。而sooner在此意为“先前、早些时候”，强调过去，同时根据答话人的语气I’m sorry，也说明了对过去所发生事情作出的歉意。所以，应选一般过去时。
例8．He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 选C 该题测试将来时间状语用于时间状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时代指将来时态的用法。一般情况下，当题中出现了将来时间状语时，常用一般将来时。但该题中将来时间状语next year干扰了考生的正常思维，给考生产生了定势，误导考生在A、B、C三个选项中徘徊。事实上，当一个状语从句中出现了将来时间状语时，主句常用将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时），而从句则用一般时态（一般现在时或一般过去时）或完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）。
例9．Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET)
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
解析 选D 该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，我们要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑，要注意分析题中所给时间状语在特定语境中的运用，排除干扰，充分运用题干中所暗示的条件，根据上下文语境作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. -Can I help you, sir？
-Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived C. has been living D. lived
3. -Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college？
-Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played
5. -Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said you _____ ill.
-Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are D. didn’t expect; were
三、题干中不直接给定时间状语，句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。着重考查考生对动词时态在语境中进行使用的分析判断能力和灵活运用能力
例10．-Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
-Where was I？
-You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. （年春季高考北京卷）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 选C 该题测试过去进行时在特定语境中的运用。根据题干所提供的情景，题干中没有明确的表示过去进行时的时间状语，考生仅能通过上下文语境及说话人的意图所指动作发生时间，才能判断出该动作并非指现在，而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上，答话人说话时，省略了状语从句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故应选用过去进行时。
例11．I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在特定语境中的用法。提干没有提供任何时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，前一并列分句强调在过去某一时刻“认为将要发生的事”，说明后一并列分句也在过去某一时刻发生（首先排除选项A、D）。该动作又存在在前一并列分句的动作之前发生，故再排除选项B，选答案C（一般过去时），说明与前一分句中主句的谓语动词thought同时进行。
例12． Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET )
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
解析 选A 该题测试现在进行时在特定语境中的用法。题干中没有提供表示进行时的时间状语，考生只有通过上下文语境，才能作出选择。题干中主句为一般现在时，分析从句意义可知，句中谓语动词为现在且强调正在进行的动作，故应选现在进行时。
例13．I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 选D 该题测试一般现在时在特定语境中的运用。从题干中可以看出，没有明确的用于一般现在时的时间状语，考生在解答该题时，只有通过分析上下文语境，才能得知选项动词的动作并非发生在过去或将来，也没有任何完成之意义，而是强调动作现状的一般行为，故应选一般现在时。
例14．-You have left the light on.
-Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
解析 选A 该题不仅测试一般将来时在特定语境中的运用，同时还测试了will do 与be going to do的用法区别。题干中没有表示将来的时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，该动作并非已经发生，而是表示将要发生的事，故应选一般将来时。但选项A、D都为将来时结构，考生必须在弄清两者之间的区别，即will do强调临时决定将要发生的事，而be going to do强调过去已计划过的将要发生的事，才能作出正确选择。
例15．The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET)
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was gone down
解析 选C 该题测试现在完成时在特定语境的运用。分析题干，尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语，但根据后一并列分句句意可知，选项部分动词动作是强调从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去，故应选现在完成时。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，要注意根据上下文中所给特定语境条件，分析说话人的意图，推断句中动作所发生的时间段，充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态暗示条件，结合四个选项动词时态，进行综合分析，作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. -Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
-Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK？
A. saw B. is seeing C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
4. -who is Jerry Cooper？
-________？ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. -Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
-I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
Key: 一、1-5 DDDBC 二、1-5 DDDBD 三、1-5 DBCDA
二、研读高考试题，掌握被动语态
被动语态多年来一直是高考考查的重点，近几年来以考查其与动词的各种形式相结合的题型为主，并且体现在上下文语境当中，这就增加了试题的难度。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，还要注意将被动语态的用法放在具体的语言情境中去运用。本文将对近几年高考考查的被动语态问题，作一简单的分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。
与一般现在时的联合考查
If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
解析：
这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句构成的复合句，表示目前的情况，故从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时，排除B、D项，然后根据句意，选A项。
与现在进行时的联合考查
A new cinema ____ here．They hope to finish it next month．
A．will be built B．is built C．has been built D．is being built
解析：
只要明白本句的意思，可知答案为D项。
与过去时态的联合考查
When ____ the education system of China and Britain，the professor gave no answer．
A．asking to compare B．asked him to compare C．asked to compare D．asked him to compare
解析：
从本句结构来看， when引导的时间状语从句为一省略结构，补全从句应为：When the professor was asked to compare．．．故选C项。
与完成时态的联合考查
- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
-Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told
解析：
“我”只能“被告知”，可排除B、D项；又据下文来看“我被告知”的动作已发生，故选A项。
与不定式的联合考查
He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing some shopping yesterday．
A．being badly treated B．treating badly C．to treated badly D．to have been badly treated
解析：
当claim表示“声称”时，后面跟不定式结构，故排除A、B项。又根据上下文语境推断出选项中的动作已完成，故选D项。
与动名词的联合考查
What worried the child was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital．
A．his not allowing B．his not being allowed C．his being not allowed D．having not been allowed
解析：
动名词在句中作表语，且从语法上讲，在这里应使用动名词的被动语态形式，故选B项。
与过去分词的联合考查
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ next month．
A．carried out B．carrying out C．carry out D．to carry out
解析：
该句中关系代词that引导一个定语从句修饰先行词the plan，carry out与plan之间为被动关系，故选A项。
三、近年高考中的时、语态题
1. --- You've left the light on.
--- Oh , so I have .________and turn it off. （2000全国）（A）
A．I'll go B．I've gone C．I go D．I'm going
2. --- How are you today?
--- Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time. （2000全国）（D）
A．didn't fell B．wasn't feeling C．don't fell D．haven't felt
3. The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it. （2000全国）（A）
A．was travelling B．travelled C．had been traveling D．was to travel.
4. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ________ to his old ways. （2000北京春季）（A）
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
5. --- You're drinking too much.
--- Only at home. No one ________ me but you. （2000北京春季）（C）
A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
6. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________ so rapidly. （01全国）（A）
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
7. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
（01全国）（D）
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
8. Visitors_________ not to touch the exhibits. （01全国）（D）
A. will request B. request .C. are requesting D. are requested
9. The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster. （01北京春季）（B）
A．if B．unless C．whether D．that
10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. （01北京春季）（C）
A．he B．this C．which D．who
11. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? （01北京春季）（B）
-Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her.
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? （01北京春季）（D）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
13. - You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
- I'm sorry I _________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.
（02全国） 【D】
A．wasn't saying B．don't say-ぃ茫畐on't say D．didn't say
14. I wonder why Jenny _________ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
（02 全国） 【A】
A．hasn't written-ぃ拢甦oesn't write-ぃ茫畐on't write-ぃ模甴adn't written
15. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t
ever going to find it. （02北京）（B）
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
16. ― Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
― Of course. What is it?
― I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. （02北京）（B）
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
17. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. （02北京春季）（D）
A. had been; have seen B have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D have been; had seen
18. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake. （02北京春季）（C）
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
19. - How are the team playing?
- They’re playing well, but one of them hurt. （02北京春季）（A）
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
20. - Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…
- Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it! （03全国卷）（D）
A．do B．didn’t C．did D．don’t
21. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . （03全国卷）（C）
A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown
22. At this time tomorrow ______________ over the Atlantic. （03北京）（B）
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
23. --- ______David and Vicky __________ married?
--- For about three years. （03北京）（C）
A. How long were … being B. How long have … got
C. How long have … been D. How long did … get
24. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. （03北京）（A）
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
25. Come and see me whenever _______. （03北京）（C）
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
26. - How long at this job?
- Since 1990. （03北京春季）（B）
A．were you employed B．have you been employed
C．had you been employed D．will you be employed
27. - When will you come to see me, Dad?
- I will go to see you when you the training course. （03北京春季）（D）
A．will have finished B．will finish
C．are finishing D．finish
28. --- What’s that terrible noise?
--- The neighbours ______ for a party. （04北京）(B)
A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare
29. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. （04北京）(B)
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
30. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by . （04北京）(C)
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
31. --- What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--- I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. （04天津）(D)
A had started B started C have started D was starting
32. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. （04重庆）(B)
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
33. She her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. （04重庆）(C)
A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing
34. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏）(D)
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
35. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. （04江苏）(B)
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
36. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. （04浙江）(D)
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
37. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （04浙江）(C)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
38. - You were out when I dropped in at your house.
- Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport. （04福建）(A)
A．was waiting B．had waited C．am waiting D．have waited
39. - The window is dirty. - I know. It _____ for weeks. （04广西） （D）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
40. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families （04湖南）（A）
A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen
41. --- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______ ? （04湖南） （D）
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
42．He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere . （04湖北） (D)
A．saw B．has seen C．sees D．had seen
43．-George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ?
-No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? （04湖北） (C)
A．was not invited B．have not been invited
C．hadn’t been invited D．didn’t invite
44．It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years . （04辽宁） (D)
A．would be B．has been C．had been D．was
45. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. （04上海） (C)
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
46. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海） (D)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
47. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. （04全国I） (A)
A will never reach B have never reached
C never reach D never reached
48. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ______ half of it. （04全国I） (D)
A was missing B had missed C will miss D missed
49. --- Has Sam finished his homework today?
--- I have no idea. He______ it this morning. （04全国II） (C)
A did B has come C was doing D had done
50. I ______ you not to move my dictionary---now I can’t find it. （04全国II） (A)
A asked B ask C was asking D had asked
51. According to the art dealer, the painting______ to go for at least a million dollars. （04全国II） (A)
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
52. --- Thank goodness, you’re here! What______ you?
--- Traffic jam. （04全国IV） （D）
A keeps B is keeping C had kept D kept
53. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （04北京春季）（A）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
54. － Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－ Where was I?
－ You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. （04北京春季）（C）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
55. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （04北京春季）（C）
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
56. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! （04北京春季）（C）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
57. Although he has lived with us for years, he __ us much impression. （04上海春季）（C）
A. hadn't left B. didn't leave C. doesn't leave D. hasn't left
58. He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? (05北京卷) (D)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
59. Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today. (05北
京卷) (C)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
60. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when __________ and see him. (05北京卷) (A)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
61. --– Why did you leave that position?
--- I __________ a better position at IBM. (05北京卷) (D)
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
62. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. (05广东卷) (B)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
63. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. (05广东卷) (C)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be
64. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. （05湖北卷）(A)
A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden
C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid
65. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. （05湖北卷）(B)
A．were deciding B．have decided C．decided D．will decide
66. -– If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 o'clock.
--- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. (05湖南卷) (B)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
67. They _______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏卷) (A)
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
68. - Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
- Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷) (D)
A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone
69. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ___________? (05全国卷3) (C)
A．did they speak B．were they speaking
C．are they speaking D．have they been speaking
70. － Did you tell Julia about the result?
－ Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ her now. (05全国卷3) (B)
A．will be calling B．will call C．call D．am to call
71. - What would you do if it ______ tomorrow?
- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. （05全国卷1）(B)
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
72. The hero’s story differently in the newspapers. （05全国卷1）(A)
A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported
73. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. （05全国卷1）(C)
A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had
74. More than a dozen students in that school _______ around to study medicine last year. （05上海卷）(B)
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
75. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch. （05上海卷）(D)
A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
76. My brother is an actor. He _________ in several films so far. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．appears B．appeared C．has appeared D．is appearing
77. - Are you still busy?
- Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．just finish B．am just finishing C．have just finished D．am just going to finish
78. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. （05山东卷）(D)
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
79. - What’s wrong with your coat?
- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. （05重庆卷）(D)
A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
80. - What are you going to do this afternoon?
- I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we____ to the bookstore after that. （05重庆卷）(C)
A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go
81. Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh （05重庆卷）(A)
A. has been caused B. had been caused
C. will be caused D. will have been caused
82. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) (C)
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
83. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （05安徽卷）(B)
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
84. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she __________. （05辽宁卷）(C)
A．has done B．had done C．was doing D．is doing
85. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）(B)
A．was called B．is called C．had been called D．has been called
86. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. （05天津卷）(D)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
87. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷）(D)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
88. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ________ her before.
（05北京春季）（B）
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen
89. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ________ . （05北京春季）（D）
A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged
90. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________ ? （05北京春季）（A）
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
91. ________ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）（C）
A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning
C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
四、时、语态强化练习
1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ＿＿ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing
2. - We ＿＿ that you would fix the TV set this week.
- I’m sorry. I ＿＿ to, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intended
C. expect； intend D. expected； intend
3. He will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿ of him.
A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken
4. - It is said that another new car factory＿＿now.
- Yeah. It ＿＿one and a half years.
A. is building； takes B. is being built； will take
C. is built； will take D. is being built； takes
5. - I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
- You ＿＿ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
6. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
- Mum, I ＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。
A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
7. They won’t buy new clothes because they＿＿money to buy a color TV set.
A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving
8. Good heavens! There you are! We＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿you back throughout the night.
A. are； expect B. were； had expected
C. have been；were expecting D. are； were expecting
9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it ＿＿ me an entire month.
A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken
10. The traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿even better.
A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting
11. - Has Jack finished his homework yet?
- I have no idea；he ＿＿it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
12. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.
- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I＿＿my guests in my office.
A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met
13. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
- Really ? Where ＿＿ ?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
14. John and I＿＿friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been； have met B. have been； have met
C. had been； had met D. have been； had met
15. I ＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ＿＿ my mum.
A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken
17. - You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
- I’ m sorry I ＿＿ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
18. - Where ＿＿?
- I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I ＿＿ here earlier.
A. did you go； had arrived B. have you been； would have been
C. were you； would come D. are you； was
19. I know Mr Brown；we ＿＿ to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced B. have been introduced
C. were introduced D. had been introduced
20. -Where do you think＿＿he＿＿the computer?
- Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has ； bought B.／ ； bought C. did ； buy D. had ； bought
21. - I＿＿to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
- Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask C. have asked D. have been asked
22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who＿＿without warning and bringing us presents.
A. always turned up B. has always turned up
C. was always turning up D. was always turned up
23. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which ＿＿ in Shanghai?
- Well, I don’t care such things.
A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made
24. - Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
- No, he＿＿, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join
25. - Did he notice you enter the room?
- I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
26. The plane ＿＿ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.
A. has left B. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves
27. The train ＿＿＿＿＿ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going
28. Look at this! I＿＿some magazines and＿＿this letter.
A. was looking through； found B. am looking through； find
C. looked through； had found D. had looked through； finding
29. - ＿＿you ＿＿ the editor at the airport?
- No, he ＿＿ away before my arrival.
A. Have...met； has driven B. Had...met； was driven
C. Did...meet； had been driven D. Have...met； had driven
30. - Can you give me the right answer?
- Sorry, I ＿＿.Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ＿＿coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring
32. - Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
- No, it ＿＿ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining C. would be raining D. rained
33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They＿＿too long.
A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked
34. - Remember the first time we met, Jim?
- Of course I do. You ＿＿ in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ＿＿ the cloth ＿＿ well.
A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes
C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed
36. - What were you up to when your parents came in?
- I＿＿for a while and＿＿some reading.
A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did
C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did
37. - Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.
- Never mind, ＿＿ it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post
38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ＿＿.
A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited
C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited
39. - Is Tom still smoking?
- No. By next Saturday he ＿＿ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. will have gone C. will have been D. has been going
40. All but one ＿＿ take part in the conference ＿＿ tomorrow.
A. is going to； that is to take place B. are going to； that is about to take place
C. are going to； that is to be taken place D. are going to； which is to be held
41. - Are you a visitor here?
- That’s right. I＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to China＿＿true.
A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come
C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come
42. - ＿＿ Betty this morning?
- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never＿＿ him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard
44. The children ＿＿very quiet；I wonder what they ＿＿up to.
A. were； are being B. are being；are C. are；do D. are being；do
45. - Look at the black clouds. It ＿＿ soon.
- Sure. If only we ＿＿out.
A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start
C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come
46. He ＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿about forty articles.
A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote
C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written
47. She ＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got
48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿.
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
50. - What’s the matter?
- The shoes don’t fit properly. They＿＿＿＿my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
1 ~ 20: DAABC DBCBD ACBDD BDBCB
21 ~ 40: DCBCB DDACD ABAAB CCBBD
41 ~ 50: CADBD ADCCA
动词时态、语态专练50题参考答案及简析
1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2.A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。
4.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5.C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。
6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8.C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。
10.D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。
11.A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12.C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13.B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14.D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15.D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16.B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17.D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行 ”之意，帮排除A。
18.B。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19.C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20.B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。
21.D。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。
22.C。 always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。
23.B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
24.C。C项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。
25.B。当时他在听收音机。
26.D。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。
27.D。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
28.A。Look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。
29.C。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除A、D。但不能选B，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。
30.D。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。
31.A。此题选A表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。
32.B。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。
33.A。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
34.A。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。
35.B。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
36.C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。
37.C。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。
38.B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。
39.B。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。
40.D。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。
41.C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。
42.A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。
43.D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。
44.B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。
45.D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。
46.A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。
47.D。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
48.C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。
49.C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。
50.A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。
篇2：高考英语陷阱题动词时态详解
1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget;第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：
- Oh, I ______ where he lives.
- Don't you carry your address book?
No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
A. was B. had been
C. would be D. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。
【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A)：
(1) We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
A. found B. had found
C. would find D. would have found
(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
A. didn't B. hadn't
C. needn't D. would not have
(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn't get away.
A. called B. had called
C. would call D. would have called
(5) The traffic accident wouldn't have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
A. was B. is
C. were D. had been
3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
4. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It's 4331577.”
A. didn't B. couldn't
C. don't D. can't
【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：
(1)“Mr Smith isn't coming tonight.” “But he _____.”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
答案选B，“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。
(2)“Hey, look where you are going!” “Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _____.”
A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing
C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice
答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。
(3)“Oh it's you! I ________ you.” “I've had my hair cut.”
A. didn't realize B. haven't realized
C. didn't recognize D. don't recognized
答案选C.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。
(4)“What's her new telephone number?” “Oh, I _____.”
A. forget B. forgot
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
(5)“Since you've agreed to go, why aren't you getting ready?” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
A. don't realize B. didn't realize
C. hadn't realized D. haven't realized
答案选B.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。
(6)“It's twelve o'clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really? I ______ it at all.”
A. don't realize B. haven't realized
C. didn't realize D. hadn't realized
答案选C.“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C.
【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
A. is, is B. was, was
C. is, was D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was(其实第二空也可用 used to be)。请看类例：
“What place is it?” “Haven't you found out we _____ back where we ______?”
A. were, had been B. have been, are
C. are, were D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们(现在)又回到刚才来过的地方”。
7. He is very busy. I don't know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
A. come B. comes
C. will come D. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果)，而是宾语从句(即if=是否)，句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：
(1)I don't know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
(2)“When _____ he come?” “I don't know, but when he _____, I'll tell you.”
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句;第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
(3)“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from
C. dates from D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D.
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(=have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
9. “You've left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”
A. I'll go B. I've gone
C. I go D. I'm going
【陷阱】容易误选D.
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to;如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：
“I've come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.”“我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)
I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)
篇3：英语完形填空题应试策略
英语完形填空题应试策略
[作者] 许友国
[内容]
一、题型特征 完形填空是全国各地中考英语必考题型之一，一般占分10％
―15％。题型特征是：一篇短 文中间留10―15个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，
要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。 由于这种题型既 考查学生的语法、
词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅
读和理解能 力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。
二、答题思路与技巧 由于完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用英语基础知识
的能力和阅读理解能力。因此 ，要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语
基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技 巧。
1.充满信心，沉着冷静 无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英
语基础不错，但由于平时做练习时有“偏食”的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做
综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考 试中遇到这类题目
时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着
冷静，要相 信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减
少失误。
2.通读全文，掌握大意 笔者在中考监考时发现，有相当一部分同学在没有
通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下 就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题
习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很 难发现，同学们
在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的
人物、时间或 地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样，答题时才能心中有
数。
3.形意结合，前后参照 完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容
相符，形式上必须符合语法规 则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中
一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先 从意义上判断其
是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一
致、固定搭配 等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的
准确率。
4.先易后难，迂回解题 做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采
用“迂回战术”，在题号前标 上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易
的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的`答 案代入短文，帮
助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
5.全文贯通，复查核定 做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。复查可以采用两种
方法：1.不看已选的答案，再 把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一
致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍 ，看所选答案是
否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
三、中考题例分析（浙江杭州）
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后在21―30各题所给的四个选项中选出一
个最佳答案。（保留原题号）
Henry was not good at maths. Even when the teacherexplained something
a second time, he still couldn't 21 it.
“Never mind. I'll sit next to the boy who's the best at22 ,” Henry
thought, “and 23 his a nswer.”
The day of the exam came, and Henry sat nex to Allan, whowas 24 at
the top of the class in maths. Henry copied Allan'sanswers onto his own
exam paper. At the end of the exam, theteache r said, “Well, boys and girls,
I've decided to give ared starto the student who got the highe st grade.
It's 25for me to decide who I'll give the star to, however, 26 twostudents,
Hen ry and Allan, got the 27 grade. ” After amoment she went on. “But I've
decided to give t he star to 28this time.”
Henry was 29 when he heard this. He stood up and said,“But I got the
same grade as Allan,
madam.”
“That's true,” the teacher said. “However, Allan's answerto Question
6 was 'I don't know', but 30 was 'Nor do I.'”
21.A.retell B.answer C.remember D.understand
22.A.English B.maths C.science D.Chinese
23.A.check B.copy C.keep D.choose
24.A.never B.almost C.a
lways D.sometimes25.A.hard B.easy C.unusual D.important
26.A.if B.though C.until D.because
27.A.low B.high C.same D.different
28.A.Allan B.Henry C.nobody D.anybody
29.A.afraid B.angry C.pleased D.worried
30.A.his B.mine C.yours D.others'
【答案与简析】首先通读全文，了解短文大意：亨利数学不好，甚至当老师
再次讲解所学知识时，他还是 听不懂。但是他不以为然，他决定考试时坐在数
学最好的学生旁边抄人家的答案。考试那天到了，亨利坐在艾 伦旁边。艾伦是
班上数学成绩最好的。亨利仔细地把艾伦的答案抄到自己的试卷上。考试结束后，
老师说，他 决定把红星奖给分数最高的学生。然而，他很难决定把红星奖给谁，
因为亨利和艾伦两人都得了最高分。过了 一会儿，老师接着说，他决定这一次
把红星奖给艾伦，因为艾伦的第6个问题的答案是“我不知道”， 而亨利 的答
案是“我也不知道”（老师从这个答案得知亨利的答案是抄袭艾伦的）。
21.由于亨利数学不好，尽管老师再三讲解，他还是听不懂， 故此空应选D。
22.亨利的数学不好，所以他 决定考试时坐在数学最好的学生旁边，故此处应选
B。23.根据句意，亨利想抄袭别人的答案，所以该题应选B。
24.根据上文，艾伦在班上数学是最好的，因而他的数学成绩总是第一，所
以此空应选C。 25.由于两人成绩 相同，老师很难决定把红星奖给谁，所以该
题答案为A。 26.下文是老师很难决定把红星奖给谁的原因，因此 该空应填
because，故答案为D。 27. 由于亨利的答案是抄袭艾伦的，所以他们得了相同
的分数，故该小题答 案应为C。 28.下文说亨利听了老师的决定后不服气，说
明老师决定把红星奖给艾伦，故答案为A。 29.亨利 和艾伦的分数相同，但老
师却把红星奖给了艾伦，亨利听了很生气，所以此空应选B。 30.亨利的第6 个
问题 的答案是”Nor do I“，故此答案应选C，yours= your answer。
篇4：英语完形填空题应试策略
英语完形填空题应试策略
一、题型特征 完形填空是全国各地中考英语必考题型之一，一般占分10％―15％。题型特征是：一篇短 文中间留10―15个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。 由于这种题型既 考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能 力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。
二、答题思路与技巧 由于完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用英语基础知识的能力和阅读理解能力。因此 ，要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技 巧。
1.充满信心，沉着冷静 无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的`同学尽管英语基础不错，但由于平时做练习时有“偏食”的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考 试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相 信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减少失误。
2.通读全文，掌握大意 笔者在中考监考时发现，有相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下 就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很 难发现，同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或 地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样，答题时才能心中有数。
3.形意结合，前后参照 完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规 则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先 从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配 等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。
4.先易后难，迂回解题 做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标 上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答 案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
5.全文贯通，复查核定 做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再 把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍 ，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
三、中考题例分析（19浙江杭州）
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后在21―30各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（保留原题号）
Henry was not good at maths. Even when the teacherexplained something a second time,he still couldn't 21 it.
[1] [2] [3]
篇5：高考英语典型陷阱题详解•动词时态
高考英语典型陷阱题详解•动词时态
1. ”I _____ his telephone number.“ ”I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.“
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为”忘记“是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说”我忘记他的电话号码了“，这个”忘记“应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说”我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了“，这个”忘记“应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：
- Oh, I ______ where he lives.
- Don't you carry your address book?
No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
A. was B. had been
C. would be D. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。
【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为”本想“，而后一句说”我太忙“，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）：
（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
A. found B. had found
C. would find D. would have found
（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
A. didn't B. hadn't
C. needn't D. would not have
（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn't get away.
A. called B. had called
C. would call D. would have called
（5） The traffic accident wouldn't have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
A. was B. is
C. were D. had been
3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说”看看时间吧“，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，”不知道这么迟了“显然应是”过去“的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
4. ”Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.“ ”It's 4331577.“
A. didn't B. couldn't
C. don't D. can't
【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在”没听清对方的话“。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境”请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？“可知”没听清对方的电话号码“应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：
（1）”Mr Smith isn't coming tonight.“ ”But he _____.“
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
答案选B，”他答应（要来）“应发生在过去。
（2）”Hey, look where you are going!“ ”Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _____.“
A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing
C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice
答案选B，”我没注意“是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。
（3）”Oh it's you! I ________ you.“ ”I've had my hair cut.“
A. didn't realize B. haven't realized
C. didn't recognize D. don't recognized
答案选C.”没认出是你“是说此话之前的`事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。
（4）”What's her new telephone number?“ ”Oh, I _____.“
A. forget B. forgot
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此题应选A，从语境上看，”忘记“的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
（5）”Since you've agreed to go, why aren't you getting ready?“ ”But I ______ that you would have me start at once.“
A. don't realize B. didn't realize
C. hadn't realized D. haven't realized
答案选B.”没意识到“是对方提醒之前的事。
（6）”It's twelve o'clock, I think I must be off now.“ ”Oh, really? I ______ it at all.“
A. don't realize B. haven't realized
C. didn't realize D. hadn't realized
答案选C.”没意识到“是在听到的话之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C.
【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为”史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了“。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为”史密斯先生去年写了一本书“，既然是”写了“，那么这与下文的”但我不知道他现在是否写完了“相矛盾。
6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
A. is, is B. was, was
C. is, was D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说”他“变化很大，即”他“现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：
”What place is it?“ ”Haven't you found out we _____ back where we ______?“
A. were, had been B. have been, are
C. are, were D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是”我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方“。
7. He is very busy. I don't know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
A. come B. comes
C. will come D. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为”他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。“请看以下类似试题：
（1）I don't know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
（2）”When _____ he come?“ ”I don't know, but when he _____, I'll tell you.“
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
（3）”When he _____ is not known yet.“ ”But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.“
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairi
篇6：高考听力特点及高分应试策略
高考听力特点及高分应试策略
自从高考英语加试听力以来，它在整个试卷中占有举足轻重的地位。听力所占分值较高（30分），超过了一直为广大师生所重视的书面表达(25分)，听力试题做得成功与否直接关系到考生的英语成绩。因此，广大考生必须认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，只有明确了高考听力要求，了解了高考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握了听力考试中的应试技巧，考生方能取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考，为进入理想的一、听力试题特点1. 语体、语音特点
作为语言运用能力的重要组成部分，高考英语听力以考查口头语言的理解为主要目的，要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的简短对话或独白。在语体方面，听力试题属于口语，它的结构不像书面语那么严谨，其句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多，诸多I’m afraid, Excuse me, why not, you see, you know, well, ah, er, I mean 之类的词语频频使用；在语音方面，有时会出现弱读、同化等现象；另外还会出现音素的省略，失去爆破等现象；这些都给听力理解造成了一定的困难。但是从整体上来说，高考英语听力的朗读发音清楚，语音清晰，语速正常。了解这些知识对听力理解是非常必要的。
2. 材料特点
（1）语料真实
高考听力材料都是来自实际生活的`真实语料，都是具有真实语境、真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
（2）话题广泛
这些材料涉及到实际生活中的方方面面：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。
（3）用词浅显，结构简单
听力试题中的词汇均为常用词汇，一般不会出现生僻词和超纲词，平均每句约8个单词，没有从句套从句的复杂结构句。
二、高考要求
高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：
1. 领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在
[1] [2] [3] [4]
篇7：高考听力特点及高分应试策略
高考听力特点及高分应试策略
郭强珍
自从高考英语加试听力以来，它在整个试卷中占有举足轻重的地位。听力所占分值较高（30分），超过了一直为广大师生所重视的书面表达(25分)，听力试题做得成功与否直接关系到考生的英语成绩。因此，只有认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，了解了高考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握听力考试中的应试技巧，才能帮助学生取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考。
一、听力试题特点
1. 语体、语音特点
作为语言运用能力的重要组成部分，高考英语听力以考查口头语言的理解为主要目的，要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的简短对话或独白。在语体方面，听力试题属于口语，它的结构不像书面语那么严谨，其句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多，诸多I’m afraid, Excuse me, why not, you see, you know, well, ah, er, I mean 之类的词语频频使用；在语音方面，有时会出现弱读、同化等现象；另外还会出现音素的省略，失去爆破等现象；这些都给听力理解造成了一定的困难。但是从整体上来说，高考英语听力的朗读发音清楚，语音清晰，语速正常。
2. 材料特点
（1）材料真实
高考听力材料都是来自实际生活的真实语料，都是具有真实语境、真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
（2）话题广泛
这些材料涉及到实际生活中的方方面面：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。
（3）用词浅显，结构简单
听力试题中的词汇均为常用词汇，一般不会出现生僻词和超纲词，平均每句约8个单词，没有从句套从句的复杂结构句。
二、高考要求
高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：
1. 领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What’s the passage mainly about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。
2. 捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What’s wrong with the girl?
When does the woman plan to arrive?
What’s the man’s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
细节问题一定是与整段材料的话题中心密切相关的，而不是纯粹为了追求细枝末节而设置的，这就需要在整体理解所听材料的基础上把听到的具体信息联系在一起，然后做出正确的理解与判断。
3. 推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
判断背景场合与说话者的身份对理解所听话语的真实含义是至关重要的。从某种意义上来说，对谈话或者说话发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了我们对语篇整体输入或整体理解的能力。
4. 领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
What’s the woman’s opinion about the man’s dress?
How does the woman think about the man’s way of working?
Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had?
俗话说“听话要听音”，推测说话人的真实意图，把握了解其观点或态度是有一定难度的。这类问题常涉及到语言文化背景知识，需要我们在语言学习和听力理解训练中培养文化意识，提高自己的领悟能力。
三、听力应试技巧与策略
毫无疑问，好成绩的取得需要勤学苦练，具备扎实的语言知识功底是考好听力的前提。“梅花香自苦寒来”，只有勤学苦练方才熟能生巧。但也应认识到任何学科的考试都会有自身的规律和特点，如果我们能够根据这些规律和特点总结出一些方法和规律，并将它们应用于训练和测试中，定能收到事半功倍之效果。若要在考场上能够正常或者超常发挥，必须掌握以下几点应试策略：
1. 调整心理,稳定情绪，进入状态
听力测试也是对考生心理素质的检测，过于紧张焦急的情绪容易产生恐惧心理，影响听力水平的正常发挥。发试卷前最好做一做深呼吸或闭目片刻之类的放松活动，放松自己的情绪，使自己处于平静状态。树立必胜信念，心慌意乱于事无补，集中精力、临场不惧，才是明智之举。另外，听力试音的语速和音质与正式考试一致，因此，一定要听好试音，调整心态，尽早进入考试状态。
2. 快速抢读试题，积极进行预测，带着问题去听
高考英语听力测试题第二节整体听力部分，每段材料都设有2-4个问题。由于在听的过程中时间很有限，所以，我们在听对话之前应该抓紧时间空隙，整体阅读每段所设问题及选项内容。这样做既有利于我们预测将要听到的对话或独白中可能会出现的内容或话题，也能让我们提前了解到每段听力材料中可能会出现的单词，以便我们在听录音时能有目的地进行判断，抓住重点信息，而略过次要信息。例如高考英语听力测试题第6段第6-7题： 6. How does the man feel about David's way of sleeping? A. It's effective. B. It's strange. C. It's the best. 7. How many hours does David sleep a day? A. Four. B. Six.C. Seven. 通过整体浏览第6、7题及其选项，我们能预测到这段材料是关于David的睡眠情况的话题。浏览第6小题以后，我们会想到录音材料中必然会出现与选项有关的形容词。从对话中男士问”Where did he get that strange idea?“可知，这个男士有strange(奇怪)的感觉。浏览第7小题后，我们就能预测到听力材料中一定会有与数字有关的信息，而”... has a total of 4 hours sleep each day“最为关键。
3. 善于抓住关键词句，重视全文理解
捕捉信息重点是听力测试中的重要一环，不少人听力差的根本原因就是听录音时抓不住重点，只是盲目地逐字逐句地听，这样往往会产生捡了芝麻丢了西瓜的现象。听时重点要放在实词上，注意力要放在与问题相关的信息词上，像Well, unfortunately, however, but 等起导向作用的词，其后的内容必须留心。听对话时，要多注意答语的内容和语气，绝大部分信息都在答语中，且往往与答题有关；听独白时要重视首句，它常常是对短文内容的概括。另外，要注意整体理解，不要把思维停留在个别没听清楚的词句上，以免影响后面内容的理解。
4. 善于跳越难点，充分利用重复信息
听的时候，注意力要紧跟说话人的思路，有些同学往往在碰到听不懂的单词时停下来，想弄清楚这个单词的意思后再往下听，这种方法是不正确的。听到不懂的生词或有听不清的地方是正常的事，在这种情况下，要当机立断，毫不犹豫地大胆跳过去，接着往下听。有的时候，我们可以通过上下文猜测到该单词的大意，因为一般说来，对话中的词句，尤其是重要的词语，往往会以其他形式在对话中重现，我们称之为“多余信息的重现”，考生要培养这种跳越难点，从上下文判断词意的能力。
5. 结合语境、语调，推断真实含意
有的对话的答语似乎是答非所问，设置的题目也不直接，这就要求我们在听录音时，必须要通过想象，置身语境，进入角色，再把所处的情景与说话的重音、语调、语气及语义的整体含义结合起来，推断说话人的真实意图。
6.学会边听边记，防止遗忘
在高考英语听力测试中，由于成篇的听力材料的信息量大且集中，中间又夹杂着大量的冗余信息，再加上语言材料比较难，语速快，这就对考生对所听内容的理解和记忆能力提出了较高要求。所以，我们在听录音时，要养成边听边记的习惯。这里需强调指出的是听力测试中的“记”应是速记，而不是听写，速记时要使用自己认识的最简便的，最迅速的办法，记录时要有重点、有技巧。例如：有关数字的内容，用阿拉伯数字记录；地名、人名用相关的字母代替；单词用缩写；长句抓住主要意义的单词或短语等。这样，可以保证我们在听录音时，不会丢掉重要的细节，从而在选择答案时有据可依。例如20高考英语听力测试题第9段第14题：
14. What will the man do next morning?
A. Meet Mr. Cooper.
B. Visit the National Lab.
C. Meet Bill Lyons.
这是一段关于一位男士在今后几天里的工作安排计划。我们在听录音时，只需要参考自己所做的简要记录，就可以比较容易地选出正确答案。
7. 运用归纳、分析、综合等技巧推断最佳答案
纵观近几年高考英语听力试题，整体听力材料所提供的信息越来越大，句子长，结构复杂，所设问题综合性强。考生往往不能从材料中直接听到选项答案。不少答案需要考生能够在理解录音材料大意、掌握其中重要细节的基础上，再经过分析、判断，才能选出最佳答案。例如年高考英语听力测试题第7段第11题：
11. What's the weather like in the town during the day?
A. Cold. B. Wet.C. Warm.
本小题涉及综合判断与推理，三个选项没有直接给出答案，我们只能通过听到”You don't think it's going to be a bit cold at night at the seaside“来综合判断推理，说明白天的天气是温暖的。
8. 了解文体特点，注意结构层次
一般情况下，整体听力材料第6-10段中都有一段独白材料，这是高考英语听力测试中难度最大的一道题。我们在听这段材料时，如果能够充分了解短文的文体特点和结构层次，将有助于我们在听的过程中分清主次，将注意力集中在关键语句(主题句)和与问题有关的内容上来。近几年高考英语听力测试题所涉及的短文材料的题材大致可分为”故事、新闻、演讲“三大类。
1.故事
故事为记叙文体裁，文体特点以记人叙事为主。我们在听故事题材的短文时，要注意以时间先后为线索，掌握故事的大致情节；然后了解事情的发生和发展过程，记住主要的事实细节；最后要特别体会故事的结局寓意，要弄明白所讲故事的幽默之处或说明了一个什么道理。这样，我们才能把握故事大意，准确解答所给问题。例如高考英语听力测试题第10段第18-19小题：
18. Who is the speaker？
A. A student.B. A teacher.
C. An office clerk.
19. Why did the speaker get a parking ticket?
A. His car was parked for too long.
B. His car took up too much space.
C. He left his car in a wrong place.
通过整体浏览问题及选项，我们可以预测到，该段材料是关于讲话人有一天因他停车问题而接到一张罚款单以及其它不幸事情的经历。我们应该沿着短文中事情发生发展的顺序，把握事实细节，要特别注意短文中的一些重要信息，这样，回答所设问题就比较容易了。
2.新闻报道
新闻报道的文体特点及其层次结构一般是先用新闻导语简明扼要地介绍新闻的主要内容，它其中包括了新闻的五个要素即5个W( Who, What, When, Where, Why)和一个H(How)，然后再按其重要性原则逐一说明事实细节，新闻报道的最后一句往往是新闻事件当前的结果。因此，我们在听新闻时，要特别注意第一句话，听懂了第一句话，也就大致了解了该条新闻，也就把握了该新闻的主体内容，同时再注意文中细节，回答问题就比较容易了。例如高考英语听力测试题第10段第17-18小题:
17. Where did the fire probably start?
A. On the first floor.
B. On the second floor.
C. On the third floor.
18. When was the building built?
A. In 1718. B. In 1782. C. In 1930.
通过浏览所设问题，我们可以预测到，该段听力材料是以某建筑物遭遇火灾为话题的短文。当我们听到录音中第一句话”Now, back to the news.“我们便可预测到这是一段新闻报道，并在头脑中要立即反映出新闻报道题材的结构层次，同时要注意细听下面的新闻导语”An early morning fire damaged the historic Geller House today.“实际上这个新闻导语就已点明了新闻的主要内容，即告诉我们发生了火灾(fire)及火灾发生的地点(Geller House)。
3.演讲
演讲通常由开场白(introduction)、正文(body)、结尾(conclusion)三个部分组成。有关主题和演讲者身份的信息，一般在开场白中就可以获取；事实细节主要在演讲材料的第二部分；演讲者的观点和看法在结尾作总结时一般都会提到。例如：听下面一段材料，回答1-2小题：
1. What did the speaker use to do on Sunday?
A. He used to play in the street.
B. He used to stay at home all day.
C. He used to go to church three times.
2. What can we infer from the speech?
A. The speaker is a teacher.
B. The speaker wishes he were young again.
C. The speaker thinks children were happier in the past.
整体浏览两个小题可知，这是一篇关于作者过去生活情况的材料。在听的过程中，对这些事实细节的取舍就在于我们事先对所涉及问题的内容的了解。第1题为事实细节题，只要我们在听录音时，能带着问题将注意力集中在相关细节上，即可解答。第2小题为一道推理题，一般来说，这种推理题通常是考查考生对整篇短文中心思想的理解。根据我们对演讲题材结构层次的分析可知，其中心内容应出现在录音材料的最后一部分”Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don't think I like to be young today.“，这两句话概括了演讲者的观点和看法--现在年轻人并不像过去的年轻人那样生活得愉快。因此，在做此题时，应将注意力集中在录音材料的最后一部分。
当然，掌握听力解题技巧固然对提高听力测试成绩有很大帮助，但它绝不是决定因素。听力水平的提高，要靠长期艰苦的训练才能获得。我们坚信，只要我们能注重平时的基础训练，扎实练好基本功，再掌握一些科学、合理的听力技巧，就一定能在听力测试中得心应手。
篇8：NMTE英语听力题的应试策略
作者：范荣
近年来,NMET 一直将英语听力测试放在重要位置,分值为30分,测试内容的广度和难度有所增加,所涉及的话题主要有学习生活、家庭生活、个人爱好、天气、时间、数字、地点、健康、购物、文化娱乐、体育、租房、旅游、交通等,可以说涉及到了生活中的方方面面。
NMET听力题既考查考生听的能力,又考查考生阅读、理解、逻辑判断的能力和心理承受能力。要求学生听的能力,扫视题干的能力及迅速判断的能力达到和谐的统一,因为考生们深知,”过了这个村,就没这个店了。“所以如何在有限的时间之内尽可能多把握一些信息,掌握一些应试策略与技巧是至关重要的。
一、把握好试听,让自己充分进入角色。
听力测试要求考生具备良好的心理素质。与其它题型不同的是,听力内容具有不可重复性和即时性,考生必须在有限的时间内听音、思考和判断,因此很多考生总显得很紧张,难以静心。试音的过程是一个让考生进入角色的过程,所以在此建议考生们务必要调整好心态,做到从容、自信、放松。考生可以暗示自己屏除杂念,全身心地进入角色,同时,因为试音内容的语速、音质都和正题相似,听好了试音对自己调整心态,增强信心极有好处。可以说,在试音内容的过程中若能很好地进入角色,接下来的听力测试就等于成功了一半。
二、积极预测,切勿坐等。
有些考生在听音前,消极坐等,这样反而滋生了紧张情绪。最好的做法是在听音前先对即将听到的内容进行积极的预测,以便听起来更具有针对性。
[例1] What exactly does the man want to find out? (NMET第10题)
A. What people think of the bus service.
B. How many people are using the bus service.
C. Which group of people use the bus service most often.
[例2] What does the woman say about the bus service? (NMET2003第11题)
A. The distance between bus stops is too long.
B. The bus timetables are full of mistakes.
C. Buses are often not on time.
敢于积极预测的考生不难发现,这两道题之间存在着内在的联系,很有可能是一方想了解人们对于日常生活中常提到的一个敏感话题bus service的看法,预测答案第10题为A。
又感觉第11题中A及B所提到的应该是我们日常生活中已相对解决好的两大问题,而公交车不能准时到站似乎是一个市民经常抱怨的话题,故预测第11题答案为C。带着这样的预测去听,考生惊喜地发现所听到的内容基本与预测保持一致,事实证明,所预测的答案完全正确。
三、把握关键词或关键句是听力理解中重要的一环。
不少考生都有这样的体会,高考听力与平时的听力训练相比,并不是太难,关键是听音时抓不住重点,有些细节性内容好不容易听懂了,却发现跟答题根本扯不上什么关系。所以,一定要在有限的时间之内把握住关键词或关键句,切忌盲目地逐词逐句地去听,以至于因小失大。
[例3] May I watch what you're doing? (春季上海卷第3题)
A. Developing a film. B. Watching a movie. C. Repairing a camera. D. Taking a photo.
说话者常常通过句子的重音和语调来强调关键词,在这段对话中,学生会听到:M: Sure. First, open the back, put in the film, focus on the object, and then press the button. 由此可以判断,put in the film和focus on the object为关键词,故答案为D。
四、根据所听到的信息进行合乎逻辑的判断和推理。
在边听音边答题的过程当中,大部分事实细节题考生只须认真听录音就能准确作答,然而也有一部分试题在听音过程中不能直接得到答案,无法直接作答,这时就需要考生结合所听内容进行正确的逻辑推理,从而做出正确的判断,必要时还可将有关信息略记于稿纸上,这样判断时就更为直观;另外,即使听音已结束,你仍有信息依据,从而可以再作推敲,真可谓”有备无患"。
[例4]What do we know about the woman? (NMET2003第14题)
A. She is fond of her work. B. She is tired of traveling. C. She is interested in law.
本题考查对所听对话中具体细节信息的掌握情况及依据此信息进行推断的能力。对话中出现了:M:Oh, that's great! You must really enjoy that? W:Oh, I do... yeah, yeah, it's lovely. It's quite tiring though,... 女士的回答可以补全为:I do enjoy my work. It's lovely.题中She is fond of her work.和I do enjoy my work.意义相同,由此可以判断答案为A。不过该句中tiring是个干扰词,逻辑判断能力不强的考生容易误选B。
五、注重把握新闻类听力素材的主题句。
一般在新闻类题材的听力中,话题具有普遍性,学生不会感觉太陌生,但专有名词及术语可能会偏多,且语速较快,所以导致有些考生紧张而盲目地听着,理不出头绪,有关的信息听到了不少,但新闻的主旨到底是什么却把握不住。通常,新闻类听力素材的主题句(topic sentence)都会在新闻的开头直接呈现。所以只要把握了这一主题句,再结合一些支撑主题句的细节,答起题来就会有势如破竹的良好感觉了。
[例5]What is the second news item mainly about? (20春季上海卷第15题)
A. J. K. Rowling will have an Internet interview.
B. Children will meet Harry Potter's mother.
C. The book will be available on the Internet.
D. The book will arrive in China in early June.
我们可根据短文中开头的topic sentence: British author J. K. Rowling ... will do an Internet interview about her new book一句可以确定此题的答案为A。
另外,有些新闻类题材的听力中,会把支持主题句的若干原因陈述置于文末,这也是考生听音时要多加留神的。
[例6]Why will Russian school students have basic military training? (年春季上海卷第16题)
A. To get ready for a military parade. B. To learn to protect themselves.
C. To gain some military knowledge. D. To develop their love for the country.
根据短文最后一句The activity is seen as part of a drive toward patriotic education.可以确定答案为C。
最后值得考生注意的是:听第二遍录音时,要侧重把握细节,特别注意第一遍时没有听清楚或没有理解的地方,应特别检查一下自己前一次有没有误听、漏听的重要信息。如果感到有误听、漏听的地方,应结合试题选项和听力内容认真思考和验证,必要时果断修改,切忌犹豫不决而直接影响了还有100分钟答题的心情。
总之,听力的过程是一个耳朵、眼睛、大脑和谐并用的过程,力求做到听音与读题相结合,听音与思考相结合,捕捉信息与选择答案相结合,掌握了以上这些策略与技巧,相信同学们一定能过听力这一关。
篇9：高二生物实验题应试策略
高二生物实验题应试策略
实验题包括两种类型：一类是实验分析题;一类是实验设计题。
对于实验分析题，主要是要求根据提供的实验，对实验操作，实验现象，实验结论进行分析，作出合理解释，辨别实验错误等。对这类题要密切联系所学实验内容(包括课文内的实验)仔细分析，一般不难解答。
对于设计题，一般要求根据提供的实验材料和仪器，设计一实验，来验证或说明某一生命现象。这类题相对难度大些。我们应从以下几方面着手解决：
(1)联系经典实验。教材中介绍的许多经典实验，如生长素发现，孟德尔遗传实验，米勒实验，噬菌体侵染细菌实验等等。这些经典实验中较详尽地介绍了实验设计原理，过程，结果等，体现了科学家严谨踏实的研究风格，值得同学们学习和模仿。如，孟德尔实验即体现了“观察→实验→现象→解释→验证→结论”的科研过程。我们在设计实验时完全可以借鉴这种思想来构思自己的思路。
(2)严密设计过程。在设计实验时要防止粗枝大叶的做法，想当然的做法，而要科学严密地设计实验过程。特别是对照系的创立一定要保证只有唯一变量，其它相同条件必须提出，而不能省略。
(3)综合理化规范：在生物实验中使用到许多理化实验仪器和药品。如天平，试管，滴瓶，量筒，乙醚，石油醚等。在使用这些仪器和药品时要严格按照理化实验要求执行，不能随便应付。
(4)注意学科特点：生物实验毕竟是研究生物的实验，因此它又有其本身的特点。在实验设计时也要注意到学科特点。例如，植物杂交实验中的年限计算，动物杂交实验、动物生理实验中的可操作性等问题都要认真考虑，以免犯科学性错误。
高二生物科学学习方法
基本方针：
1.生物是正确了解身体，学习人和环境(植物，动物，自然界)之间关系的科目。
2.不要盲目记忆，跟生活中的经验联系起来理解。
运用方案：
1.仔细了解课本内容，理解和记忆基本概念。
(1)根据每单元的学习目标，联系各个概念进行学习。
(2)不要只记忆核心事项，要一步一步进行深入的学习。
(3)要正确把握课本上的图像、表格、相片所表示的意思。
2.把所学的内容跟实际生活联系起来理解。
3.把日常用语和科学用语互做比较，确实理解整理后再记忆。
4.把内容用图或表格表述后，再进行整理和理解。
5.实验整理以后跟概念联系起来理解。(把握实验目的，把结果跟自己的想法做比较，找出差距，并分析差距产生的原因)
-正确了解显微镜的结构和使用方法，直接观察了解各生物的特征。
-养成写实验观察日记的习惯。
6.以学习资料的解释部分和习题集的整理部分为中心进行记忆。
7.根据内容用不同方法记忆。
(1)把所学的内容联系起来整理进行记忆。
-把想起来的主题不管顺序先随便记下来。
-把中心主题写在中间位置。
-按照知识间的相互关系用线或图连接起来完成地图。
(2)利用对自己有特别意义或特殊意思的词进行记忆。
(3)同时使用眼睛、手和嘴、耳朵记忆。
8.不懂的题必须解决。(先给自己提问，把握自己具体不懂哪部分后再请教其他人。)
9.通过解题确认所学内容。
(1)整理做错的题，下次考试前重点复习。
(2)不太明白的题查课本和学习资料弄清楚。
(3)以基本题——中等难度题——难题的顺序做题，理解内容。
高二生物学习方法分享
首先要掌握科学的学习方法，学习方法的优劣是学习成绩好坏的关键，有些同学整天拿着书看来看去，可是结果是令人惨不忍睹的，有些同学只是偶尔的翻下课本。成绩却名列前茅，这就是方法问题。在学习生物的过程中常用的方法并不多，比较密切的学习方法有做笔记的方法、思维方法和观察方法等。
做好笔记的方法包括要做好阅读笔记，听讲笔记，观察笔记等。阅读的时候要准备准备笔记本，把做好摘要然后还要写上出处，以备日后查找。还要在书上做好批语写上自己对原代的个人意见和心得体会等。还要在原代上做好符号标记以加深理解，其中常用符号有黑点、圆圈、直线、曲线、双线、虚线、箭头、方框、三角、惊叹号、问号等。作符号笔记应注意两点：一是符号意义必须明确，并且要贯彻始终;二是符号不能过多过密，否则重点难以突出。看完一本书后还要写下自己对整本书的认识。用自己的语言简单的概述就行了。做好阅读笔记后还要做好听讲的笔记，听讲的笔记是你的第二个老师上课老师说的什么要记呢?其中这几点说出了上课如何做笔记的，重点问题、疑难之处，书上没有的记;次要问题、易懂之点、书上有的不记。还有最后一点就是观察笔记了，即在生物课内外对生物形态和生命现象进行观察时所作的记录。做这种笔记要注意细节，注意前后比较和过程变化，并要抓住特征。鲁迅先生说：“无论什么事，如果继续收集资料，积累十年，总可以成为一个学者。”相信只要你可以坚持不懈的做好这些笔记成绩一定会有所提高。做好笔记后我们还要有思维方法，思维能力是各种能力的核心，思维方法是思维能力的关键，所以思维方法在学习方法中占有核心的位置。在生物学学习中常用的思维方法
有分析和综合的方法、比较和归类的方法、系统化和具体化的方法及抽象和概括的方法。还要学会观察的方法，其中包括对比观察，顺序观察，动态观察。这些观察方法是我们在自然而然中养成的，其实学的过程从本质上说是一种认识过程。认识过程是从感性认识开始的，而感性认识主要靠观察来获得，所以观察方法就是重要的学习方法。
掌握了科学的学习方法后我们还要有一个学习、研究生物学的有力武器，那就是树立正确的生物学的观点。其中它包括我们要树立正确的生命物质性观点，生命活动对立统一的观点，生物的整体性观点，生物进化的观点，结构与功能相统一的观点等。也就是我们生物书上所列举的几大部分内容，生命物质性：生物是由物质组成，一切生命活动都有其物质基础。生物体能够完成各种各样的生命活动，而一切生命活动都是通过一定的生命物质来实现的，如果没有生命物质也就没有生命活动。生命活动对立统一的观点：生物的诸多生命活动之间，都有一定的关系，有的甚至具有对立统—的关系就像光合作用与呼吸作用，没有光合作用，呼吸就不能进行，可是没有呼吸作用，光合作用也没法完成只有光合作用和呼吸作用的共同存在，才能使植物体的生命活动正常进行。生物的整体性观点：有一个思想相信大家都知道那就是：整体大于各部分之和。他同时也适用于生物领域。例如我们在学习细胞这部分是，我们学的时候就是一个细胞器，每个细胞器有什么样的功能，完成一项功有多少个细胞器参加。可是细胞器只是一个个体，只要当细胞器与其他物质组成一个细胞的时候才能完成新陈代谢的功能，如果离开了细胞的整体，单独的一个细胞器是无法完成它的功能的。生物进化的观点：辩证法认为，一切事物都处在不断地运动变化之中，任何事物都有—个产生、发展和灭亡的过程。其实我们学习生物要更加清楚的树立这个观点生命的起源于无机小分子，遵循从简单到复杂，从水生到陆生、从低等到高等的规律。结构和功能相统一的观点：结构与功能相统一的观点包括两层意思：一是有一定的结构就必然有与之相对应功能的存在;二是任何功能都需要一定的结构来完成。我们所学习的表皮就是这样的大家可以回想一下。
篇10：语句连贯题的应试策略(网友来稿)
语句连贯题的应试策略(网友来稿)
四川省宣汉中学 刘廷富
一、基本题型
1、语句排序题：即给出几个句子，组成一段语意连贯的话.。
例如2005年全国Ⅲ卷第18题：把下列句子组成前后衔接、意思完整的一段话。（只填句子的序号）
①出现在我们面前的是一座美丽的小城。②城中有一条小河流过，河水清澈见底。③到了札兰屯，原始森林的气氛就消失了。④白砖绿瓦的屋舍悠然地倒映在水中。⑤走在小城，郊外风景幽美，绿色的丘壑上长满了柞树。⑥丛生的柳树散布在山丘脚下。
答：
解析：句子的排列要依循时间、空间、逻辑或心理顺序。此段表达的是对美丽的小城的描绘。不难看出，语段是按照来到小城→城中的小河→小河中的情况→走出小城→城外丘陵→山丘脚下这一顺序来描绘的。答案可为：③①②④⑤⑥。
2、语句定位题：即给定语段中空出一处或几处，定位还原，使表意完整连贯。
例如2005年北京卷第22题：把3个备选的句子分别填入方括号（只填序号），使下面这段景物描写语意连贯，画面完整。
到了德胜桥。，两岸青石上几个赤足的小孩子，低着头，持着长细的竹竿钓那水里的小麦穗鱼。，几只白鹭，静静立在绿荷丛中，幽美而残忍的、等候着劫夺来往的小鱼。北岸上一片绿瓦高阁，清摄政王的府邸，依旧存着天潢贵胄的尊严气象。，池中的绿盖，摇成一片无可分割的绿浪，香柔柔的震荡着诗意。就是盲人也可以用嗅觉感到那荷塘的甜美，有眼的由不得要停住脚瞻览一回。
①一阵阵的南风，吹着岸上的垂杨。②西边一弯绿水，缓缓从净业湖向东流来。③桥东一片荷塘，岸际围着青青的芦苇。
答：
解析：做此类题要把握整体，辨明句间关系，尤其是前后语句中的隐含信息，比如由“两岸青石上几个赤足的小孩子”一句中的“两岸”可推知第一空当填②；由“几只白鹭，静静立在绿荷丛中”可知前面一句与“荷”有关，那么与之衔接紧密的语句就必须是出现“荷”这一话题的句子，故第二空应填③；而由“池中的绿盖，摇成一片无可分割的绿浪”一句可知有风，故第三空选填①为好。答案为：②③①
3、语句改写题：指给出语句或是内容排列不合事理，或是句式不一致、音节不和谐等，需通过增删词语或调整语序，使其协调连贯，表意明确。
例如2002年高考第23题：阅读下面一段文字，调整画线部分的语序，并做到各短语格式协调一致、匀整对称。
成年累月的战事，每况愈下的社会治安，经济的不断衰退，动荡不安的政局，生存环境的日益恶化，使世界上越来越多的人的正常生活受到威胁，甚至连生命财产都没有保障。
修改为：
解析：原句语意不合逻辑，句式杂乱，应遵循语意由浅入深和字数从少到多的原则，把“经济的不断衰退”改为“不断衰退的经济”；把“生存环境的日益恶化”改为“日益恶化的生存环境”，使句式前后一致，并调整语序，形成排比，使语脉更通畅。该句可改写为：成年累月的战事，动荡不安的政局，不断衰退的经济，每况愈下的社会治安，日益恶化的生存环境，使世界上越来越多的人的正常生活受到威胁，甚至连生命财产都没有保障。
二、解题原则
1、话题一致：统一的话题是保持语言连贯性的首要条件。一般说来，主旨同一，话题一致，思维顺势而下，前后衔接会更紧凑。
例如2005年浙江卷第24题：把下列带序号的句子组合成语意连贯的一段话并填入横线处。（只填序号）
李泽厚认为汉字以“象形”“指事”为本源。 正是这个方面使汉字的象形在本质上有别于绘画，具有符号所特有的抽象意义、价值和功用。
①一个字表现的不只是一个或一种对象，而且也经常是一类事实或过程，也包括主观的意味、要求和期望。②“象形”有如绘画，来自对对象概括性极大的模拟写实。③这即是说 ，“象形”中也已蕴藏有“指事”、会意的内容。④然而如同传闻中的结绳记事一样，从一开始，象形字就已包含有超越被模拟对象的符号意义。
解析：语段谈及的重点是“象形”字已包含符号意义。弄清了本段陈述主体为“象形”后，也就不难确定②为第一个句子，首先介绍“象形”字的来源；而从“模拟写实”这一信息点可判断④为第二个句子，且两者构成转折关系。紧接着①是对④的进一步阐述，而③则是对“而且也经常是一类事实或过程，也包括主观的意味、要求和期望”的提升总结。②④①③的排序就很好地保证了话题的一致性。
2、内容一致：选填这一类语句要充分考虑原文语境，在情感基调、感情色彩及语言风格等方面做到与原文内容协调一致。
例如1988高考第8题：为画线处选择适当的句子，使上下文衔接。
崖壁下有几处坟地，坟前立着的石碑许多已经破碎，字迹模糊；枯水季节，伏在江里的石头有的已经露出水面，周围一片寂静。
A.一列青黛崭削的石壁夹江高矗，被夕阳烘成一道五彩的屏障。
B.没有太阳，天气相当冷，藤萝叶子多已萎落，显得这一带崖壁十分瘦削。
C.在夕阳的照射下，枯草和落叶闪着不定的光，崖壁像一道巨大的屏，矗立在江对岸。
D.一行白帆闪着透明的羽翼，从下游上来；山门半掩，一道阳光射在对岸的峭壁上。
解析：解此题要考虑前文所描写的意境特点：崖壁下的荒坟残碑，瘦水枯石等景物形成了极其凄凉、冷寂、萧条的氛围和基调。A句“被夕阳烘成一道五彩的屏障”，C句“闪着不定的光”，D句“闪着透明的羽翼”，均体现出明朗或欢快的暖色调，惟有B项写出天气阴冷，叶落瘦崖，其意象、情调与上文相协调。故答案为B。
3、形式一致：大凡表达效果好的语句，都很注意句式的选择及音节的和谐；不仅上下文语意衔接连贯，呈现出整齐匀称的结构美，而且读起来琅琅上口，音韵铿锵。
例如2001年高考题：依次填入下列两句中横线处的语句，与上下文语意连贯、音节和谐的一组是（）
（1）每逢深秋时节， 松竹山茶，色彩绚丽，美景尽览。
（2）远眺群山环抱，近看小河流水，茶园葱绿，松竹并茂。
①置身山顶，俯瞰槐榆丹枫
②置身山顶俯瞰，槐榆丹枫
③白云缭绕，层林叠翠
④层林叠翠，白云缭绕
A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④
解析：（1）句选填①，还是选填②，“俯瞰”二字放在逗号前，还是逗号后，既涉及语意的连贯，又牵涉句式的对称、音节的和谐。选用②则“每逢深秋时节”与“置身山顶俯瞰”两个六字句相对，“槐榆丹枫”正好与“松竹山茶”两个四字句构成对偶，不仅句式对称，而且音节和谐，“瞰”与“览”也押韵；若选用①则显得句式参差错乱，极不平稳。（2）句粗略一看，不过是互换了位置，但细思，不难发现“远眺群山环抱，层林叠翠，白云缭绕”的写作顺序应是由下而上。由山而林而云，很好地体现了语意的粘连性；而且“远眺”与“近看”两分句的尾词“绕”与“茂”押韵，做到了音节和谐。据此，答案当选D。
4、事理情理一致：即既要注意逻辑关系，又要注意符合语言习惯
例如2004年湖北卷第22题：注意下列句子相互间用语的.逻辑照应，把它们组合成语意连贯的一段话。（只填序号）
①修建一所房屋或者布置一个花园，要让住在别地的朋友知道房屋花园是怎么个光景，就得画关于这所房屋这个花园的图。②编纂关于动植物的书籍，要让读者明白动物植物外面的形态跟内部的构造，就得画种种动物植物的图。③读者看了，明白了，住在外地的朋友看了，知道了，就完成了它的功能。④这类的图，绘画的动机都在实用。⑤咱们画图，有时候为的实用。
解析：这组句子的核心是为实用而画图，先摆出观点，然后举例，再概括说明。因此⑤句放在开头，作为观点。①②应根据③句，形成照应，因此先②后①。④句是总括两个例子的，③句则是总结性语句。整个语段依据总分总的逻辑关系来阐述，而且注意了内容上的对应和语言上的由少到多的表达习惯。答案故为：⑤②①④③
此外还要注意对应原则、顶真原则和指代一致原则。
三、牛刀小试
1、把下列句子填在后面的横线上，组成前后衔接的一段话。（只填句子的序号）（2005年全国Ⅱ卷第18题）
①它们好像在外面等候了多时。②在这里看星星，星星在你眼前亮起，一直亮到脑后。③满天的星星肃然排列，迎面注视着你。
午夜走出帐篷，我被眼前的景象惊呆了。 你仿佛把头伸进一座古钟里面，内里嵌满活生生的星星。我顿时明白了《敕勒歌》中为什么有“天似穹庐”的句子。
2、注意下列句子相互间用语的逻辑照应，把它们组合成语意连贯的一段话。（只填序号）（2005年湖北卷第22题）
①窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅仅是有没有人进来出去。②我们都知道，门和窗有不同的作用。③窗子有时也可作为进出口用，譬如小偷或小说里幽会的情人就喜欢爬窗子。④譬如从赏春一事看来，我们不妨这样说：有了门，我们可以出去；有了窗，我们可以不必出去。⑤当然，门是造了让人出进的。
3、阅读下面的文字，然后按要求作答。（2005年重庆卷第25题）
语言总是和社会发展同呼吸、共命运的，彼此息息相关。自从20世纪80年代以来，
， ， ， ，（）这一切（）都在语言上刻下了印记。
（1）将下面四个词语按恰当顺序填入横线处（只填序号），使之前后照应和衔接。
①同世界各国的交往频繁了②人们的思想概念也在不断地更新和变化③经济发展了④中国社会的改革开放一步步向纵深推进。
（2）为使语意连贯，适合填入两处括号中的关联词语依次是： 、。
（3）为使语意简明，文中应该删去的是： 。
4、把下面4句话按恰当顺序填入横线处（只填序号），并在括号中填入同一个连词，使之成为语义连贯的一段话。
凡事过犹不及， ，（）变成明哲保身，（）变成圆滑世故，（）变成是非不分。
①超越了这个度。②真理超越一步就是谬误。③值得赞许的成熟就可能走向反面。
④成熟也是有度的。
5、阅读下面的文字，调整画线部分的语序，使全句协调连贯。（可适当删减文字，不得改变语意）
为加快传播速度、增强时效性，承载容量得以加大、前沿性得以提升，发行量得以逐步扩大、规模效益得以提高，本刊决定从2004年起改为半月刊。
6、填入下面横线处的句子，与上下文衔接最恰当的一组是（ ）
去年夏天，我在杭州一所疗养院里休养。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿江岸后面是起伏的山峦和绵延不断的树林。
①这儿的景色真是美极了！ ②那儿的景色真美！
③六和塔静静地矗立在钱塘江边， ④六和塔在钱塘江边静静地矗立着，
⑤帆影点点的江面上碧波粼粼 ⑥江面上帆影点点，碧波粼粼，
A②③⑥ B①④⑤ C②③⑤ D①④⑥
7、与上下文衔接最恰当的一组是（）
读书原为自己受用，多读不能算是荣誉，少读也不能算是羞耻。_____，必能养成深思熟虑的习惯，以至于变化气质；______，譬如漫游“十里洋场”，虽珍奇满目，徒惹得眼花缭乱，空手而归。_____，如暴发户炫耀家产，以多为贵。这在治学方面是自欺欺人，在做人方面是趣味低劣。
①多读如果彻底。 ②少读如果彻底。
③多读而不求甚解 ④少读而不求甚解。
⑤世间许多人读书只为装点门面。 ⑥世间许多读书人只为装点门面。
A②③⑤ B①③⑥ C②④⑤ D①④⑥
8、填入下面横线处的句子，与上句衔接最恰当的一组是（）
公安干警及时赶赴现场侦察，中午12时， 。
A.在家里犯罪嫌疑人被抓获，全部赃物和赃款也同时起获。
B.在犯罪嫌疑人家里将其抓获，全部赃物和赃款也同时起获。
C.犯罪嫌疑人在家里被抓获，并起获了全部赃物和赃款。
D.在犯罪嫌疑人家里将其抓获，并起获了全部赃物和赃款。
9、在横线处填入短语，顺序最恰当的一项是（）
保护动物，已不是人们陌生的话题。人类的发展，也早已达到可以把其他动物玩于掌中并主宰它们的运命的程度，但当 、、、的时候，人类真正考虑过动物和人在生命意义上的平等吗？
①老虎服服帖帖在舞台上表演②用于实验的动物为科学献身③兔子小鸡成为孩子们的玩物④耕作的动物在田间地头劳作
A④①②③ B①③④② C①④③② D③①②④
10、把下面句子组合成语意连贯的一段话。（指填序号）
①在南坡，带状分布的原始云杉林海连绵不断，棵棵巨杉像一把把利剑，直插云天。② 在北坡五花甸草原上，你可以看见新疆细毛羊群和奔驰的伊犁马群。③在遮天蔽日的杉林下，马鹿、狍鹿、棕熊、雪豹的野生动物出没其间。④吃完早饭后，继续南下，就进入喀什河和巩乃斯河的草原带和森林带。⑤各种森林鸟类，鸣声不断。
参考答案：
1③①②
2②⑤③①④
3（1）④③①②（2）而 又 （3）删去的是“彼此息息相关”或“同呼吸、共命运”
4②④①③ 填空：或 或 或（或者也可）
5加大承载容量，提升前沿性，逐步扩大发行量、提高规模效益
6A
7A
8D
9B
10④②①③⑤
作者简介：刘廷富，四川省宣汉中学高级教师，全国优秀教师；曾在《语文教学通讯》等报刊上发表文章多篇
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