第23讲：take candy from a baby; a piece（精选8篇）由网友“hi”投稿提供，下面是小编给大家整理后的第23讲：take candy from a baby; a piece，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：电脑基础知识教程第23讲：认识输入法
二十三、认识输入法
在任务栏的右边有一个小键盘图标，这就是输入法，默认输入的是英文字母，点击可以选择汉字输入法；
1、切换输入法
1）瞄准任务栏上的小键盘点左键，在出来的菜单中选择一个输入法；
2）然后小键盘图标变成一个彩色小方块，同时还有一个输入法的工具条；
彩色的时候是中文，蓝色的时候是英文，大写A表示要按一下大写键Caps Lock；
3）使用键盘切换，同时按Ctrl和空格键，是中文和英文切换，同时按Ctrl和Shift键是各个输入法切换；
2、添加/删除输入法
1）在小键盘上点右键，选择“设置”，然后出来一个文字服务面板；
2）在中间点右边的“添加”按纽，出来一个小面板；
3）在小面板的第一行是添加其它国家的语言输入法，比如日语输入法，
点第二行是添加汉字输入法，选中“中文－双拼”后点确定，双拼输入法就添加好了；
4）删除输入法，在面板中选择一个输入法，比如双拼输入法，然后点右边的“删除”按纽，就可以删除它，
点“确定”按纽，关闭面板；
从控制面板进入的方法是：“开始－控制面板－日期、时间、语言和区域设置－区域和语言选项－语言－详细信息”
本节学习了在WinXP中输入法的基本知识，如果你成功地完成了练习，请继续学习下一课内容；
篇2：第23讲考场作文运用材料能力•例后分析(网友来稿)
（第23讲）考场作文运用材料能力•例后分析(网友来稿)
江苏省镇江中学 陈乃香
说明：本系列稿共24讲，1月6日开始在资源网上连载
【要义解说】
中学生写议论文最乐意用的是事实论证法，即摆事实的方法。但是一个事实论据从不同角度不同层次去分析，往往可以证明不同的论点。因此，对事实论据必须进行分析，揭示事实论据的实质、特征、意义、存在的条件、原因等多方面内容，对论据进行说明或限制，使论据的含义与论点的含义一致，这样才能使论据更好地为作者所持的观点服务。
【策略解读】
1．例后推因法。因果关系存在于―切事物和事理之中，有因必有果，有果必有因。在体现结果的事实论据后揭示原因的方法，我们称之为例后推因法。
如高考佳作《真情诚可贵，理智价更高》对有关斯大林论据的分析：“真正的智者却知用冰冷的理智扼住火热的情网，用客观的目光审视心灵的取向。有人说，虎毒不食子。但当敌人以其长子的生死相要挟斯大林时，他毅然决定，不!不能用亲子之情去换任命之福。我们不知人们将以何种目光俯仰这位褒贬皆存的人物，但至少这一次，我们不得不敬服他至亲之情的背后所掩藏的英锐的目光与理性的审判。”从作者分析可以看出，斯大林采取这样的做法，其原因就是“智者却知用冰冷的理智扼住火热的情网，用客观的目光审视心灵的取向”。这样就使得论据与论点结合得紧密而又有深度。
2．例后假设法。所谓例后假设法，就是在举例后再向其相反的方向作假设，与原论据呼应配合，从而有力地证明论点的方法。如果举的是正面例子，可从反面假设，反之亦然。
如高考佳作《理性的美》：“总喜欢史泰龙那一张冷静的脸，温暖而又深邃的眼睛总是平静地注视着远方，额上几条浅浅皱纹是思考的象征，脸上的皱纹写着坚毅的勇气，他成为我心目中理性的象征。他的一举一动都闪烁着理性的智慧。如果我们现实生活中每一个人都和他一样理性，这个世界该是怎样的世界呀!沉着勇敢应付人生中的变数，处惊不变，原则地熟练地运用自己的能力，这是理性美的内涵。”作者假设“每一个人都和史泰龙一样理性”，而后设想这个世界的情形，以对理性美的内涵的揭示来告诉人们。
3．例后评价法。在那些可以从不同的角度理解其主旨的事实论据后再作一简单分析，才能使之为论点服务的方法，称之为例后评价法。这种分析的作用是使论据不明确的意思明确，而不至于产生歧义。
如：纠缠于“小节”，一点鸡毛蒜皮的事都计较没完没了，才是真正的没有气度。我们都很熟悉《将相和》的故事。蔺相如敢于廷斥秦王，却不与廉颇争高下，遇见廉颇就引车避匿，其目的在于顾全大局。古往今来，谁不赞叹蔺相如的高风亮节?有准指责他“窝囊”呢?
这是一个多义史实论据，可证明“为国家要顾全大局”，可证明“为了团结应有所忍让”，可证明“蔺相如虚怀若谷”，等等。例后评价分析，从人们赞扬蔺相如的角度，揭示出论据能证明论点的含义：蔺相如顾全大局，不计小节，不是窝囊，而是高风亮节。这样，使论据有力地证明了论点。
例后分析要事实求是，恰如其分，又要善于透过现象揭示其本质特征，力求见解深刻、精辟。而例后分析的宗旨，则是将事实论据同论点有机地联系起来，从而使论点更鲜明，更令人信服。
【例文解剖】
话题：水的灵动，山的沉稳（江苏高考作文题）
沉稳中的灵动，灵动中的沉稳
静伏不动的肥皂水，吹一口气，立刻泛起五彩的气泡，飘来荡去的蒲公英种子，一旦扎根，终究会攀起一朵美丽的小花。
所以我要说：真正的美感，真正的伟大，源自沉稳与灵动的和谐统一，沉稳中不失灵动，灵动中带着沉稳，才终于有了蔚蓝色的生机勃勃的大海，才终于有了巍然屹立却又仪态万千的山峰。
自然万物如此，人又何尝不是如此呢?“灵动”象征着活力与创造，“沉稳”则象征着原则与规矩。如果只有沉稳而没有灵动，就会使沉稳变为呆板。如果只有灵动而没有沉稳，则会使灵动变成浮躁。而当人们把灵动与沉稳很好地结合起来时，和谐之美便会在他们身上放出光辉。
列宁便是一个很好的例子。这位伟大的无产阶级革命家，带领俄国人民探索出一条全新的社会主义之路。从“四月提纲”到“十月革命”，从“战时共产主义”到“新经济政策”，他的身上总是奔涌着无限的活力和创造力，灵动是他思维与性格的真实写照。然而就是这个人，却有着超越常人的严谨与踏实。据列宁的秘书林娜回忆，列宁从不说“我记得”“大概是”之类的话。他虽然记忆超群，却不含糊其辞，总是把意思最准确地表达出来。时至今日，人们不由感慨，这份沉稳给他个人，给俄国乃至整个世界，带来了多么巨大的一笔财富。
人民的好警察任长霞，也向祖国人民展示了她身上沉稳与灵动的和谐之美。办案时，她沉着冷静，铁面无私；与群众干警联欢时，她又亲切，使人如沐春风。面对电视报道，我不由感慨而感动，这样一个女警察，竟然能把一项最讲原则、最严酷无情的工作同时做成一项最体现人情、最温暖人心的工作，当沉稳与灵动相结合时，它所产生的力量真的如此之大!
世界因为沉稳而安定，因为灵动而活泼；因为沉稳而安全，因为灵动而美丽。当沉稳与灵动相结合，我们便看到了沉稳中的灵动着的沉稳的和谐之美：自然因此而充满生机，人生因此而彰显价值，社会因此而不断前进。在愈走愈快速的`当今时代，让我们每个人携起一份和谐之美，更自信地走向未来吧!
解剖：本文在说理时由于所用的两个事例很贴切，剖析很到位，很好地支撑了观点，所以虽所占篇幅较大，却绝没有冗长之感，反而成了整篇文章亮点之所在。这也使得在此基础上的“升华”和“收束”水到渠成，自然贴切。
【精题解析】
阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
据说老鹰是世界上寿命最长的鸟类，它一生的年龄可达70岁。要活那么长的寿命，它必须在40岁时做出困难而重要的抉择。
当老鹰活到40岁时，它的爪子开始老化，无法有效地抓住猎物；它的喙变得又长又弯，几乎碰到胸膛；它的翅膀变得十分沉重，使得飞翔十分吃力。它只有两种选择：要么等死，要么经历一个十分痛苦的过程来蜕变和更新。
那是150天的漫长锤炼，它必须很努力地飞到山顶，在悬崖上筑巢，停留在那里，不能飞翔。老鹰首先用它的喙不断击打岩石，直到旧喙完全脱落，然后静静地等候新的喙长出来，然后它用新长出的喙把指甲一根一根地拔出来，当新的指甲长出来后，老鹰便把羽毛一根一根地拔掉。5个月后，新的羽毛长出来了，老鹰才开始重新飞翔，从此得以再过30年的岁月。
请以“磨炼与新生”为话题写一篇文章。
[注意]①所写内容必须在话题范围之内。试题引用的材料，考生在文章中可用也可不用。②立意自定。③文体自选。④题目自拟。⑤不少于800字。⑥不得抄袭。
解析：生命不可能是一成不变的，否则就会逐渐老化、消亡。就如老鹰的再生那样，一个脱胎换骨的蜕变过程，必须把旧的心态和习惯彻底扬弃，重新孕育一个新生的自己，然后才可以重新飞翔。（作者：江苏省镇江中学陈乃香）
作者邮箱： 13952865227@vip.163.com
篇3：第23讲考场作文运用材料能力•例后分析(网友来稿)
（第23讲）考场作文运用材料能力•例后分析(网友来稿)
江苏省镇江中学 陈乃香
说明：本系列稿共24讲，201月6日开始在资源网上连载
【要义解说】
中学生写议论文最乐意用的是事实论证法，即摆事实的方法。但是一个事实论据从不同角度不同层次去分析，往往可以证明不同的论点。因此，对事实论据必须进行分析，揭示事实论据的实质、特征、意义、存在的条件、原因等多方面内容，对论据进行说明或限制，使论据的含义与论点的含义一致，这样才能使论据更好地为作者所持的观点服务。
【策略解读】
1．例后推因法。因果关系存在于―切事物和事理之中，有因必有果，有果必有因。在体现结果的事实论据后揭示原因的方法，我们称之为例后推因法。
如高考佳作《真情诚可贵，理智价更高》对有关斯大林论据的分析：“真正的智者却知用冰冷的理智扼住火热的情网，用客观的目光审视心灵的取向。有人说，虎毒不食子。但当敌人以其长子的生死相要挟斯大林时，他毅然决定，不!不能用亲子之情去换任命之福。我们不知人们将以何种目光俯仰这位褒贬皆存的人物，但至少这一次，我们不得不敬服他至亲之情的背后所掩藏的英锐的目光与理性的审判。”从作者分析可以看出，斯大林采取这样的做法，其原因就是“智者却知用冰冷的理智扼住火热的情网，用客观的目光审视心灵的'取向”。这样就使得论据与论点结合得紧密而又有深度。
2．例后假设法。所谓例后假设法，就是在举例后再向其相反的方向作假设，与原论据呼应配合，从而有力地证明论点的方法。如果举的是正面例子，可从反面假设，反之亦然。
如高考佳作《理性的美》：“总喜欢史泰龙那一张冷静的脸，温暖而又深邃的眼睛总是平静地注视着远方，额上几条浅浅皱纹是思考的象征，脸上的皱纹写着坚毅的勇气，他成为我心目中理性的象征。他的一举一动都闪烁着理性的智慧。如果我们现实生活中每一个人都和他一样理性，这个世界该是怎样的世界呀!沉着勇敢应付人生中的变数，处惊不变，原则地熟练地运用自己的能力，这是理性美的内涵。”作者假设“每一个人都和史泰龙一样理性”，而后设想这个世界的情形，以对理性美的内涵的揭示来告诉人们。
3．例后评价法。在那些可以从不同的角度理解其主旨的事实论据后再作一简单分析，才能使之为论点服务的方法，称之为例后评价法。这种分析的作用是使论据不明确的意思明确，而不至于产生歧义。
如：纠缠于“小节”，一点鸡毛蒜皮的事都计较没完没了，才是真正的没有气度。我们都很熟悉《将相和》的故事。蔺相如敢于廷斥秦王，却不与廉颇争高下，遇见廉颇就引车避匿，其目的在于顾全大局。古往今来，谁不赞叹蔺相如的高风亮节?有准指责他“窝囊”呢?
[1] [2] [3]
篇4：第23单元 Rescuring the Temple
一、教法建议
抛砖引玉
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ.词汇学习
at breakfast,edge,in danger,regularly,mark,face(v.),god,Africa,East Africa,
flood,level,figure,date from,rebuild,effort,make a good effort,extra,temple,
Egypt,dam,pyramid
Ⅱ.交际英语
提供建议
1.There are several thing we could do.
2.Can't we…?
3.Maybe we could…
4.How about…?
5.I think we should do that another day.
6.You'd(we'd)better…
征求意见 What shall we do?
意愿 I'd prefer to do
偏爱I'd like to do
判断I think that's a good idea.
Ⅲ.语法学习
非限制性定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
限制性定语从句不用逗号和主句分开，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不完整。
I was the only person in the office who was invited.
非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是先行词或整个主句附加说明，关系不十分密切，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。
He is her father, who is a doctor.
关系代词 which 和 as 可以指代它前面整个句子的意思，引导非限制性定语从句。
He was late again, which made his teacher angry.
As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold.
指点迷津
一冠之差 意义迥异
※定冠词的作用非同小可。
1. go to church 去做礼拜，go to the church 去教堂。如：
While going to the church,he met with many people who would go to church.
2.go to hospital 去看病，go to the hospital 去医院。如：
Mary went to hospital because she didn't feel well.
He went to the hospital to see his sick aunt.
3.go to sea=become a sailor 当水手，go to the sea 到海滨度假。
When he was a boy ,his greatest wish was to go to sea.
It's windy and we can,to go to the sea.That's a pity.
4.out of question 毫无疑问，out of the question 不可能，办不到的，不必谈的。如：
He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question.
He is too young.It is out of the question for him to support a large family.
5.in front of (某范围外的)前面， in the front of 在(某范围内的)前部。如：
He is sitting in the front of the classroom,reading a foreign novel while the others are playing football in front of the teaching building.
6.take place 发生,take the place of 取代，代替。如：
Mr Jin,who will take the place of Mike,knows how the accident take place.
※不定冠词不可忽视。
1.at a time 每次，一次， at times 有时，不时。如：
please pass me the bricks two at a time.
At college we had a class-meeting at times.
2.have a word with sb. 与……谈话， have words with sb.与……争吵。如：
Can I have a word with you?
He is a cross man.He often has words with his neighbours.
3.on fire 失火，on a fire 在火上。如：
They are eating something that were cooked on a fire.
4.take a turn 兜一圈,take turns 依次，轮流。如：
They took a turn in the park on a bike and went home.
They take turns to look after the old lady.
二、学海导航
学法指要
单元重点词汇点拨
1.level 水平线；水平
The mountain is 8 000 feet above sea level.此山海拨高度为 8 000 英尺。
2.effort 努力，艰难的尝试
He made an effort to finish his work.他努力完成他的工作。
I'll make every effort to help you.我将尽力帮助你。
Tom made a big effort to move the rock.汤姆花了很大的劲去搬那块大石头。
3.extra 额外的，外加的
I must buy extra bread because friends are coming to tea.我必须再买些面包，因为朋友们要来吃茶点。
I don't suppose they want any extra help. 我认为他们不需要额外的帮助。
Dinner costs ￡3,and wine is extra.饭钱是三英磅，酒钱另加。
4.flood 洪水(常用复数)(使)淹没；泛滥
When the water went down again after the floods,a lot of rich soil was left in the fields.
The river was in flood.
First,the River Nile used to flood large areas at the same time every day.
In Egypt,the Nile used to flood every year.
Our street floods whenever we have rain.
5.mark 标明；作记号于(常与 with 连用) 记号；标记
… each stone was marked with a number.
mark one's clothes with one's name.
a horse with a white mark on its head.
6.face 面向；朝向
Inside the temple is a row of stone animals,which face the rising sun.
Turn round and face me.
The building faces north / towards the north.
7.regularly 规则地；经常地
The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year.
Take the medicine regularly three times a day.
We meet regularly to discuss business.
单元词组思维运用
1.be on holiday 在度假；休假
2.at breakfast 早餐时；在吃早饭
She was at breakfast when I called her yesterday.
3.feel like(doing)sth 想/愿意做某事
I don't feel like (drinking)beer tonight.
4.on the edge of 在……的边缘
The temple is on the edge of the lake that has been made by the dam.
Don't put that glass on the edge of the table,it might fall off.
5.rise by …增加/提高/升高了……；以……的幅度升高/提高
rise to 增加/提高/升高到……
As a result of the dam,the water level of the lake was going to rise.
The water level rose to 63 meters.
6.in danger 在危险中
These temples were in danger.
He had a car accident.His life is in danger.
注：在 in danger 这一词组中不能加不定冠词 a，因为 danger 是作不可数名词，但在 danger 前可以加 no 或 great 和形容词构成 in no danger,in great danger 等词组，in danger 的反义词组是 out of danger.
These two countries are at war.Their people are in great danger.
Don't worry about your son.He is out of danger now.
7.date from(=date back to) 属于(某一历史时期)；始于(某一历史时期)
…there dress dates from the 19th century.
My interest in stamp collecting dates from my school days.
8.in all(=in total) 总共
In all, 1,700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project.
There were 20 people in all in the party.
9.make a (an)…effort to do sth.尽力做某事
Please make an effort to arrive early.
The prisoner made no effort to escape.
The people made a good effort to work on the project.
10.interesting places: places of interest 游览胜地
There are plenty of interesting places to visit in my hometown.
11.in groups 分组地，成群结队地
They were discussing the plan for their trip in groups.
12.stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地
13.all through 在整个……时期中，自始至终，在整个……范围内
The baby cried all through the night.
There was silence all through the room.屋里一片沉默。(表示范围)
14.rush through (使)快速通过；匆忙做完
Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam. 从水坝底部急速流出的水现在可用来发电。
A strange idea rushed through my mind.
I had to rush through breakfast in order to catch my train.
15.at the base 在底部
we camped at the base foot of the mountain.
He built a house at the base of the mountain.
16.at the top 在顶部；居首位
It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top.它(水坝)底部
980 米，顶部宽 40 米。
The tree grows up straight and thin,with branches at the top.
He is at the top of his class. 他在班上名列前茅。
17.as a result of 由于……；因……的结果
As a result of the dam,the water level of the lake rose by 63 metres.由于这座坝(筑坝的结果)，使该湖的水位上升了 63 米。
As a result of the dam,the cold wind reduced its power.
注意：①as a result of 是个介词短语，与其意义及用法相同的是“as the result of”，但 as a result of 用得较多些。
②as a result 意为“结果，因此”，在句中作插入语。如：
The workers worked harder than ever.As a result,the output of the iron and steel company went up rapidly.
18.from across …从…的对面
Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake. 今天你既可以乘飞机去阿布辛波古庙，也可以从湖的对岸乘小船过去。
I saw you first from across the street.
He said hello to me from across the room.
19.make a good effort 作很大的努力
I will make a good effort to help you.
The wounded soldier made a good effort to stand up.
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1.The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3830 metres long.It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top. 这座水坝是世界上最大的一座，长 3830 米，底部宽 980 米，顶部宽 40 米。
表示计量的句型的常用结构形式：“主+谓+数词+表示单位的名词+形容词”用来表示“某物有多长(宽、深、高)等，又如：
The wall is three metres high.
The stick is five inches long.
The hole is seven feet deep.
The river is half a mile wide.
The boy is eight years old.
2.Can't we visit the High Dam? 我们去看大坝好吗?
以否定形式提问的疑问句叫否定疑问句，这种疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构。句中的 not 可以和有关的 be,have 以及助动词、情态动词结合，构成～n't形式放在主语之前。
一般否定疑问句往往表示①怀疑、惊讶、责备；②邀请或征求意见等意义，实质上它具有强烈的”肯定“意味。问者希望对方给以肯定的答复。又如：
Can't you come over and join us? 你就不能过来和我们作伴吗?(表示征求意见)
Won't you sit down.请坐。(表示邀请)
Can't you(really)ride a bicycle?
你(真的)不会骑自行车吗?惊讶、不相信)
Can't you shut the door behind you? 你难道不能随手关门吗?(责备，不期望得到回答)
Don't you remember that holiday we had in Beijing? 难道你不记得我们在北京的
度假吗?(惊讶)
Won't you help me? 难道你不会帮助我吗?(表示不相信)
Mustn't we leave now? 难道我们现在一定不能走吗?(表示惊讶，不相信)
Haven't you forgotten something? 难道你们没忘记什么吗?
Haven't we cleaned the room already?难道我们没有把房间打扫干净?
3.As a result of the dam,the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63
metres. 由于兴建水坝，湖面将会提高 63 米。
by 在此处表示增减程度。如：
He is old er by five years than Tom.
The price has been increased by 2 yuan.
Production fell by about one-third.
Line AB is by 4 feet longer than Line CD.
My father missed the train by three minutes.
4.It was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures,each of which was 20 metres high. 这座庙凿雕在岩石中，外边有四尊大型石雕像，每个高 20 米。
①句中的 each of which was 20 metres high 是一个非限制性从句。句中 had 的宾语是 four large stone figures.把状语 on the outside 放在宾语前，是为了强调石像的位置。each 是个代词，each of which=each of the four figures.这种定语从句是由”名词(代词或数词)+介词+关系代凳“来引导的。又如：
In his house there are three rooms. each of which has a bed.
They lived in a house,the door of which opens to the south.
China has hundreds of island ,the largest of which is Taiwan.
These books ,two of which I have read,are interesting.
②除了 of which 外，还有of whom 这种句型。即：”名词/代词/数词+of whom。“
There are around 100 teachers in our school,most of whom are women.
These girls,the youngest of whom is my sister,will dance a waltz for us.
Her brothers,both of whom(three of whom)work in Scotland ,ring her up every week.
③除了上述所举的名词、代词、数词外，some,all,none,several,few 等词都可接 of+which / whom 的句型。
5.Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip.那么，想乘船去的人，就可以在乘船旅游后到阿斯旺各处去走走。
①句中的 who wants to 是个定语从句，用来修饰 anyone.
②to 后面省掉了前面提到的”to take a boat on River Nile.“英语中有些动词，如：want,hope,like 等之后，为了行文简洁，避免重复▲嗦，往往用 to 来代表不定式或不定式短语的内容。又如：
I went there because I wanted to .(to=to go there)
I meant to go but forgot to .(to=to go)
If you'd like to.
6.All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued. 去那儿参观的人都认为拯救这座古庙是做得对的。
①这是一个复合句。主句是All the visitor…believe…主句的主语 visitors 后跟一个定语从句 who go there 来修饰主语。主句谓语动词 believe 后又跟一个较长的由连词that 引起的宾语从句…that it was right that the temple was rescued.在这个宾语从句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是第二个 that 引导的从句 the temple was rescued.
②it is right 可接 that 从句，也可接不定式短语 to,也可接”for+代词(名称)+不定式“的复合不定式三种句型。例如：
It was right that the temple was rescued.=It was right to rescue the temple=It was right for us to rescue the temple.
妙文赏析
A Stranger's Gift
When a man named Vengalil Menon(1897-1974,Minister of National Defence of India from 1957 to 1962)first arrived in New Delhi,India,to look for a job in government,all his possessions(财物)were stolen at the railway station.He would have to return home on foot,defeated.In desperation (绝望) he turned to an elderly gentleman,explained his troubles,and asked for a loan of 15 rupees(借15个卢比).The gentleman gave him the money.When Menon asked for an address so that he could later pay back the rupees,the gentleman wouldn't give it.He said the help had come from a stranger,and was to be repaid(偿还)to a stranger.Menon never forgot that debt and eventually earned a reputation(名望)for his charity (慈善)work.
Some time ago I was in the Bombay Airport(孟买机场)at the baggage counter,trying to get back my bags.But I had no Indian money left,and the man would not accept a traveller's check.A stranger standing beside me paid the fee for me-about 89 cents .He then told me the story of Menon in refusing my attempt (尝试) to find out how to repay him.His father,he explained ,had been Menon's asistant.
From a nameless gentleman to an Indian civil servant (公务员) to his assistant to the assisant's son and to me ,a foreigner in a moment of trouble,though the gift was not of great value,its giver's spirit is priceless.
思维体操
下面的句子都需要用”走“的英译，请你试一试：
1.I see you're today.我看见你们今天是徒步走的。
2.This please.请这边走。
3.We with our feet.我们用脚走路。
4.He by me.他从我身旁走过。
5. this road to the corner.沿这条街走到拐角。
6.He wanted to Tom from school.他想把汤姆从学校撵走。
7.The clock well.这钟走时很准。
8.My watch has .我的表不走了。
9.He was by water.他被水冲走了。
10.Remember to take your book when you .走时别忘了把你的书带走。
11.It would be necessary to 53 000 people from their villages.这就需要把 53 000 人从他们所住的村庄迁走。
12.You I will catch up with you.你先走，我一会儿来追你。
13.The wind my hat off.风把我的帽子吹走了。
14.As the guests out of the car,we to greet them.来宾从车里走了出来，我们走上前去迎接。
15.I must through the night.我得走一夜。
16.He jumped on his bicycle and .他跳上自行车就骑走了。
17.Can you tell me to the museum,please?请问到博物馆怎么走?
18.I must now.我现在该走了。
答案：1.on foot 2.way 3.walk 4.passed 5.Follow 6.send,away
7.works 8.stopped 9.washed 10.leave 11.move 12.go on / ahead
13.blew 14.stopped,came up 15.travel 16.rode away 17.the way 18.b
e off 或 be leaving
三、智能显示
心中有数
单元语法发散思维
学习定语从句应注意的几个问题
①关系代词从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词是用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。
The boy who lives in the next door swims very well.
The students who are in Class Three are now doing experiment.
②引导定语从句的关系副词可以用”介词+which“来代替。例如：
Is this the house in which(=where)they left.
③当定语从句中的谓语动词带介词或副词的短语动词时，不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开。例如：
Those are the children whom Aunt Li is looking after.
The house which you are looking for is at the other end of the street.
④注意介词与关系代词的位置：介词在关系代词前时，只能用 which 和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可用 which,that,whom,who，且可省略。例如：
This is the drawer in which I put my letters.
=This is the drawer(which)I put my letters in.
Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning?
=Have you seen the pen with which I wrote with this morning?
Is he Li Ping to whom you talked after lunch?
=Is he Li Ping (whom)you talked to after lunch?
⑤关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。例如：
The woman that you saw her in the park is our English teacher.(错)
The woman that you saw in the park is our English teacher.(对)
This is the classroom where we have our classes in.(错)
This is the classroom where we have our class.(对)
动脑动手
单元能力立体检测
填入适当的介词，完成句子。
1. what reason did you force him leave?
2.Marx wrote articles in English an American newspaper.
3.He was highly praised his good work.
4.It rained so much that there was enough grass sheep and cows.
5.Who suggested the plan our trip?
6.He was already his sixties in the 1920's.
7.Does the church play an important part people's lives there?
8.Is the bridge danger because of the flood?
9.The temple at Abu Simbel was carved the rock.
10.Do you have any problem English pronunciation?
11.He speech began with a famous poem and closed a well-known old saying.
12.They are having a friendly talk each other.
13.Each room is marked a number.
14.It is thought that the old temple dated the year of 1806.
15.Almost half of the electricity they need is produced the Nile.
16.The big stones were moved one one to the new place for the temple.
17.We were told that the price had risen 50%.
18.What do you know the people there mainly live .
19.In all,two thousand young men worked the project.
20.It is strange that the tower is two metres wide the base and five metres wide at the top.
答案与简析：1.For.for…reason 是固定搭配，意为”因……原因“。2.for.write articles for…意为”为/给……撰稿“，write to…表示”给……写信“。3.for.praise sb for…意为”因……表扬某人“。4.for.意为”对于“，这是 for 的一个常用意思。5.for.plan for…意为”……的计划“。6.in.in one's sixties 表示”六十多岁“。7.in.play a part in…是固定短语，意为”在……中起作用“。8.in.in danger/trouble/difficulty 均为介词短语，in 表示”处于……之中“。9.in 阿布辛波的那座寺庙凿雕在岩石中，这是事实。10.with.表示”问题/毛病“意义的词，如 the matter,problem,trouble,difficulty,wrong 等之后常接说明谁或什么有问题/毛病。11.with.close with…是固定搭配，意为”以……结束“。12.with.意为”与，同“。13.with.be marked with…意为”标着……“。类似的有 be filled with 装着，be covered with 盖着等。14.from.date from 是固定搭配，意为”始于“。15.form.表示来源，意为”从“。16.by.one by one 意为”一个一个地“。17.by.表示增/减的程度。18.on.live on…表示”以……以生“。19.on.work on 意为”从事于“。20.at.at the base 如同 at the bottom / end / foot.创新园地
请用适当的词完成下列句子，使上下意思不变。
1.He went to high school and then went on with his studies at university.
He his studies at a university high school.
2.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it away.
It is a box that nobody can move it away.
3.Yang Mei is talking with her teacher.
Yang Mei her teacher a talk.
4.I'm British,but I'm not English.
I'm ,but I'm not .
5.It lies to the north of England.It to the north of England.
6.I don't know,he doesn't know,either.
I he .
7.Potatoes rot away in the soil.
Potatoes in the soil.
8.The Irish like music and poems very much.
The Irish very music and poems.
9.The Whites are spending their holidays in Egypt.
The Whites are in Egypt.
10.I'd like to go shopping.
I'd like to shopping.
11.The project went on for 4 years and took one billion US dollars.
The project 4 years and one billion US dollars.
12.I would like to have a drink.
I a drink.
答案：1.continued,after. 2.such,heavy 3.and,are having 4.from Britain,from England. 5.is 6.Neither,nor ,knows 7.went bad 8.are,fond of 9.family,on holiday 10.do some 11.lasted,cost 12.feel like having
四、同步题库
Ⅰ.非限制性定语从句练习
1.The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.
A.which B.that C.whom D.who
2.This is Comrade Li, I talked about to you the other day.
A.whom B.who C.that D.不填
3.The Great Wall of China, was built by ancient(古代)Chinese people ,is regarded as one of the few wonders of the world.
A.that B.which C.it D.whose
4.In the reading-room there are tables, you can sit and read.
A.in which B.with which C.where D.which
5.He lost his pen, made him very sad.
A.which B.that C.it D.as
6. we know,the earth is round.
A.As B.That C.Which D.What
7.The earth moves round the sun, we all know it.
A.as B.that C.and D.which
8.She has two daughters, looks like her.
A.both of whom B.neither of whom
C.all of them D.each of them
9.The United States is made up of fifty states, are separated from the others by land or sea.
A.two of those B.two of them C.two of which D.which two
10.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse and in front of sat a small boy.
A.it B.which C.where D.there
11.They have invited us to visit their country, is very kind of them.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
12.Last summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the
world.
A.for which B.for that C.in which D.where
13.Li Ming, to the cinema,enjoyed the film very much.
A.I went with B.with whom I went
C.with who I went D.I went with him
14.China has thousands of islands, the largest is Taiwan.
A.of which B.in which C.in those D.of whom
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a beautiful spring morning .There wasn't a (1)in the sky,and the sunwas (2)but not too hot,(3) Mr Green was (4)when he (5)an old gentleman at the bus stop (6)a big,strong,black umbrella in his (7).Mr Green said to him,”Are you going to have (8)today,do you think?“”No,“said the old gentleman,”I don't think so.“
”(9)are you carrying the umbrella to (10)the sun off you?“
”No,the sun is not very hot (11)spring.“Mr Green(12)at the big umbrella again and the gentleman said.”I am an old man,and my(13)are not very (14)to walk.So I really (15)a walking-stick.But when I carry a walking-stick,people say,'look at that(16)old man,'(17)I don't mind their(18)that.When I carry an umbrella in (19)wather,peple(20
)say,'Look at that stupid man.'“
1.A.rain B.cloud C.bird D.plane
2.A.warm B.clear C.up D.above
3.A.but B.because C.though D.and
4.A.strange B.excited C.surprised D.funny
5.A.knocked B.saw C.discovered D.watched
6.A.with B.carry C.taking D.had
7.A.bag B.car C.hand D.arm
8.A.snow B.rain C.anything D.something
9.A.But B.Then C.Why D.How
10.A.make B.drive C.catch D.keep
11.A.in B.at C.on D.for
12.A.worked B.got C.kept D.looked
13.A.feet B.legs C.arms D.shoulders
14.A.too strong B.enough strong C.strong enough D.strong too
15.A.get B.have C.take D.need
16.A.poor B.an C.funny D.silly
17.A.and B.then C.as D.otherwise
18.A.say B.to say C.saying D.said
19.A.fine B.good C.bad D.clean
20.A.only B.must C.should D.wouldn't
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(一)
A pyramid is a very large structure(结构)with four sides.Each side is shaped like a triangle(三角形),and the four sides merge(汇合)to form a single point on top.
Pyramids were built in many part of the world ,but the most famous are in Egypt.More than four thousand years ago,an Egyptian king,named Zoser had the first pyramid built.It was a burial tomb(坟墓) for him when he died.Zoser's Step Pyramid near Cairo was the world's first all-stone structure.
Later kings built other pyramids.Every king wanted his tomb to be the best.But Khufu (胡夫) outdid them all.He had the largest Pyramid built.It is the Great Pyramid.The Great Pyramid is over 450 feet high today,and it was once higher.Each of the sides of the pyramid is 755 feet long .It takes about twenty minutes to walk all the way around the pyramid.To build the Great Pyramid,100 000 men worked for twenty years.
The Indians of central American and Mexico also built pyramids.These pyramids,however,have flat tops.they also have steps(台阶)on the side.The pyramid of the sun near Mexico city is larger at the base than any Egyptian pyramid.
1.Pyramids are built .
A.only in Egypt B.in Belgium
C.in Mexico D.in many countries of the world
2. was the earliest pyramid in the world.
A.The Great Pyramid B.Zoser's Step Pyramid
C.The pyramid of the sun D.The pyramid built for Khufu
3.The pyramids set up the Indians were those in Egypt.
A.taller than B.larger at the base than
C.different in shape from D.the same in shape as
4.The pyramid of the sun is in .
A.America B.India C.Egypt D.Mexico
5.In China is as old as some of the pyramids.
A.the Summer Palasce B.the Ming Tombs
C.the Place Museum D.the writer didn't tell us which
(二)Jesse Owens
Jesse Owens was born in Alabama (in 1913)to a poor,black family.Even when Owens was a boy,it was clear that he had special athletic ability.He could run extremely fast.In high school he was a long-jump champion.
Owens'family didn't have enough money to send him to college.However,because he was an excellent athlete,he was able to get a scholarship to Ohio State University .Owens was the star of the Ohio State track team.In one college track event in 1935 ,he broke three world records in less than an hour!Owens was chosen for the 1936 US Olympic team.
The 1936 Summer Olympics were held in Berlin,Germany.Adolf Hitler had come to power two years before.
Hitler believed that people of Germany and other northern European countries were better than all other people in the world.Hitler wanted to show the world the Germans were the best,so he ordered the German team to train hard.
At the Olympics,Jesse Owens won both the 100-metre race and the 200-metre race.His time in the 200-metre race set a new Olympic record.Owens was also no the US 400-metre relay team.The US relay team won.
Then came the long jump.A German athlete broke the Olympic record.Hitler said that he personally would congratulate the winner,but Owens still had one more jump.He jumped several inches farther than the German athlete.Hitler left the stadium in anger.Jesse Owens ,a black American ,had won his fourth gold medal at the Olympics.He was a hero.
6.From the first paragraph we can get to know that .
A.Jesse Owens'parents ran fast when they were young
B.at high school Jesse Owens did nothing but run after his teacher
C.Jesse Owens gave him a good body
D.Jesse Owens'legs were much longer than others
7.Jesse Owens became a college student only because .
A.his family was poor B.he was a black American
C.he ran fast D.he broke a world record
8.Hitler,as we all know,once .
A.made Germany very rich B.brought suffering to the world
C.became the king of the world D.made a war upon Japan
9.Which of the following is right?
A.Hitler cared for sports very much
B.Hitler took part in some games at the Olympics
C.Hitler was disappointed when Owens won the game.
D.Hitler was also a famous athlete.
(三)A Wildlife Protector
Zhong Yixing from the Wangying district (地区) of Lichuan City,Hubei province,had released 13 baby owls (猫头鹰) into the forest in the past 14 months.In February 1991,Zhong brought a wounded female (雌的) owl home and raised it .In just over one month the wound under her wing became healed .Zhong Yixing decided to send her back to the forest.
It seemed that the owl was not ready to leave Zhong before she could repay Zhong's kindness.Two months later,she came back to the nest(巢) at Zhong's with a male (雄的)owl.They stayed at Zhong's for over three months and left Zhong a special gift(礼物)--seven baby owls.When they grew up,Zhong sent them back into the forest.
On March 30th,1992 ,another owl flew to Zhong's .Zhong examined the owl carefully and studied the scar(伤痕)to discover it was the one he had saved .So he made a special nest at the original(原来的)place for the owl ,who gave birth to another six chicks.
For a third time ,Zhong released them back into the forest.
10.The leading character(主人公)brought a wounded female owl home because .
A.he enjoyed raising birds
B.he wanted her to feed the 12 baby owls
C.the owl was going to repay his kindness
D.he was planning to take good care of her till she was well again.
11.The couple of owls returned to the nest at Zhong's .
A.in order to express their heart-felt(衷心的)thanks for Zhong's kindness
B.so that they could leave Zhong a special gift
C.since they thought it safe to settle down (定居) and bear (生育)their
children
D.for they couldn't find any nest in the forest to lay eggs
12.How nany owls made their home at Zhong's from February,1991,to March,1992 ?
A.Fifteen B.sixteen C.Three D.Two
13.Judging (判断) by the above story,we can gusee that the new word”release
d“means .
A.drop B.set free C.seized(抓住) D.took
14.According to Zhong's deeds ,we can consider him to be .
A.an honest and kind-hearted farmer
B.a good hunter
C.a lover of bird
D.a wildlife protector worthy of (配得上) the name
(四)Pere David's Deer(四不像)
A special new park is being prepared in a Beijing suburb(郊区)to house a gift of Pere David's deer from Britain.
The 20 deer are being presented to China by the Marquess of Tavistock,the owner of the Woburn Abbey estate(大农场),and will arrive in Beijing in August.
The project (工程),which started last month,and includes growing grass,planting trees,setting up shelters (住所),and purifying water,is expected to be completed in July.
The new park will be in Nanhaizi,about 40 kilometres south of Berjing.Formally (正式地),the 60-hectare (公顷) park was an imperial (帝王的) hunting ground with hares,gazelle,pere David's deer and other animals and birds.
The park was destroyed in 1900 when the Eight-Power Allied Forces (八国联军)invaded(入侵)Beijing.
The deer will be looked after by specialists (专家)of the Beijing Museum of
Natural History (北京自然历史博物馆).
15.People began to build the special new park .
A.in July 1985 B.one month before the deer arrived
C.one month after the deer arrived D.four months before the deer arrived
16.In this passage”purifying water“means .
A.trying their best to find water B.making water clean
C.digging a hole to hold water D.making water come out
17.From this passage we can guess that .
A.no one could be allowed to hunt in the imperial hunting ground
B.all the people could hunt in the imperial hunting ground
C.only the emperor(皇帝)and his men could hunt there
D.the ground was a place where all kinds of animals were kept
18.Which of the following is true?
A.There were many Pere David's deer in China in 1985.
B.There were many Pere David's deer in China before 1990.
C.pere David's deer could be found all over the world then.
D.There were so many deer in Britanin that they couldn't keep them all.
19.From this passage we can see that .
A.the deer were important to the Chinese
B.the Eight-Power Allied Forces took the deer to Britain
C.the deer were given to Britain by the Chinese
D.the deer would be kept for meat by people
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Mrs.Hugget:
You may remember we have discussed about 1.
the noise your children made while practicing 2.
their musical instruments (乐器) .You agreed to 3.
make surely that they would stop practicing in the evening. 4.
You can imagine my adtonishment (吃惊)
when I realized that something changed and 5.
the situation(情况)was continuing as ago.I 6.
find it difficult to stay in house and I 7.
invent any excuses to go out for the evening 8.
to away from the terrible noise. 9.
I have had enough.I must warn you if 10.
you do something about it ,I'll have to take legal(法律的)action.
Ⅴ.单词拼写
1.The recent heavy rainfalls f many villages and rice fields.
2.In order to make more money, he works for e hours.
3.All the machines in the factory are checked and repaired(检修) r .
4.The park was destroyed by the flood. It needs to be r (重建).
5.Egypt is an A country.
6.Who is the man f (面对着)us?
7.I will make every e (尽力)to help you.
8.The mountain is 3,000 meters above sea l .
9.There are many stone f (雕像)in this park.
10.Can you stand a coin up on its e (边缘)。
Ⅵ.书面表达
根据提示写一篇介绍世界奇迹之一的万里长城。提示如下：
1.长城是世界伟大奇迹(wonder)之一。全长 6 000 多公里，宽4～5米，高6～7米。
2.长城始建于春秋时期，公元前2年秦始皇令人把城墙连接起来。后来长城不时地得以修理和重建。
3.由于当时条件恶劣，所有的工程都必须靠手工来完成。成千上万的人由于艰苦的劳动而葬身于长城之下。
4.现在，中国政府对长城做了大量的工作。长城举世闻名，每年都迎来大量的国内外游客。
答案：Ⅰ.1～5 D A B C A 6～10 A C B C B 11～14 B A B A Ⅱ.1. B 。语义搭配：根据前后句，rain ,bird ,plane 均不合题意，故选 B. 2.A.语义搭配：根据本句后半部分”but not too hot“，应选 warm 。 3.A。逻辑搭配： but 是过渡词，表示上下文意思的转折。考生在选择过渡词时，必须理解上下文的逻辑关系。 4.C。语义搭配：strange 奇怪，excited 激动，surprised 惊讶，funny 有趣。根据语境，选 surprised 。5.B 。语义搭配：从上下文看，只能选 saw. 6.A。惯用搭配：”with+名词+介词短语“。7.C。语义搭配。umbrella 一般放在手里，故选 hand。8.B。语义搭配：根据前句 umbrella 应选 rain.。9.B。逻辑搭配：从文章逻辑意思上看，这里表示结果，故选 then。10.D。结构搭配：keep…off 使避开。其他选项不合题意，故选 keep。11.A。惯用搭配：在某一季节应用介词 in。12.D。结构搭配和语义搭配：look at 看，其他不合题意，只能选 D。13.B。结构搭配：从”walking-stick“上得知应选 B。14.C。结构搭配：”enough…to do“。同时应注意修饰形容词、副词时 enough 应后置，故选 C。15.D。语义搭配：从语境上只能选 need。16.A。语义搭配：由上下文得知只有 A 合题意。17.A。逻辑搭配：由逻辑关系得知应选并列连词 and。18.C。结构搭配：”mind+doing“，故选C。19.A。惯用搭配、语义搭配：习惯上 weather 与 fine 或 bad 搭配，再根据语境，应选A。20.A。语义搭配：从语境上看 only 最合题意。Ⅲ.1～5 D B C D D 6～10 C C B C D 11～15 C A B D D 16～19 B C B A Ⅳ.1.去掉 about.discuss 是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。2.made→make.根据上下文内容，此句意在指现状，而非以前。3.对。4.surely→sure.mak sure ”务使“，为固定词组。5.something→nothing。根据上下文内容可推断，双方商量后没有发生什么变化，故 something 与全文内容不符。6.ago→before.as before”像以前一样“，为固定词组。7. house 前加 the。房子应是特指。8.excuses→excuse。根据句义”我寻找任何理由走出家门……“，理由应为单数。9.away 前加 be 。此处丢掉了不定式的动词。10.if→unless.根据下句”我将采取法律行动“，前句应为”如果你不采取措施解决这个问题的话“。unless=if not.Ⅴ.1.flooded 2.extra 3.regularly 4.rebuilt 5.Africa 6.facing 7.effort 8.level 9.figures 10.edge Ⅵ.
The Great Wall is one of the great wonders in the world.It is more than 6,000 kilometers long,4～5meters wide and 6～7meters high .The first part of the Great Wall was built during the Spring and Autumn Period.In 221BC,Emperor Qin Shi Huand had all the walls joined up .And later,it was often repaired and rebuilt.At the time,because of the bad conditions ,all the work had to be done by hand .Thousands of people died and were buried under the Great Wall because of the hard work.Now our government has done much work on the Great Wall.It's famous all over the world,and it receives a lot of visitors at home and abroad every year.
篇5：美国习语第23街
习语搜索：To take candy from a baby
A piece of cake
一般人在做任何事情的时候总是想找捷径，越容易越好，这似乎是人的本性。因此，在英语里有不少成语和俗语是形容办事很容易的。其中之一就是：To take candy from a baby。Candy就是吃的糖，baby在中文里就是小孩。
To take candy from a baby的意思就是：某件事情很容易办成，就像把孩子手里的糖拿来一样。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: ”Getting grandmother to loan me the money was as easy as taking candy from a baby.“
这个人说：”要我祖母借我那笔钱那简直是太容易了。“
我们再来举一个例子吧。这是一个被关在监狱里的犯人在和牢房里另一个犯人说话：
例句-2: ”Louey told us that robbing this bank would be as easy as taking candy from a baby. But somebody told the police and they were waiting for us. We had no choice but to throw down our guns and surrender.“
这个犯人说：”洛伊对我们说，要抢那个银行简直太容易了。可是，不知谁去报告了警察。到我们去抢银行时，警察在那里等着我们。我们没办法，只好放下枪投降。“
To take candy from a baby，欺负小孩，从小孩手里拿糖，在想象当中是很容易的。但是，实际情况恐怕并不见得如此。发明这个成语的人也许从来也没有设法把婴儿的小拳头扒开，然后把那小手里的糖拿来。任何做过父母的人都会告诉你孩子一般都会紧握着手里的糖不放，要是你硬是要拿，他就会大声哭叫。可是，尽管如此，to take candy from a baby已经成为美国人经常用来形容办事容易的词汇了。
另外一个形容事情很容易办的俗语也是和食品有联系的，这就是：A piece of cake。Piece 是指一片，或一块；cake就是蛋糕。A piece of cake的意思当然可以是指一块蛋糕。可是，作为俗语，它的意思就成了：这件事太容易了。
例如，一个工作人员，犹豫了好久，最后终于鼓足了勇气去和老板提出增加工资的要求。他原来以为要和老板进行一番争论。可是，出乎他的意料，老板马上同意了，还说，他确实应该增加工资了。这样，他喜笑颜开地回到家里对太太说：
例句-3: ”Honey, I finally asked Old Man Jones for my raise. And it was a piece of cake!“
他说：”亲爱的，我终于对老琼斯提了要求增加工资的事。我没有费吹灰之力他一口答应了。“
首先使用 A piece of cake 这个俗语的是二次世界大战期间联军的飞行员。那时，他们往往是这样说的：
例句-4: ”At the briefing before we took off to bomb the Germans, our commander told us it would probably be a tough flight. But it turned out to be a piece of cake: no anti-aircraft fire and no enemy fighters.“
这句话的意思是：”在我们起飞去轰炸德国人之前举行的情况介绍会上，我们的司令官告诉我们这次飞行任务可能很艰巨。但是，结果倒是非常容易，既没有高射炮射击，也没有敌机来干扰。"
上面我们讲了两个形容事情很容易办的俗语。一个是To take candy from a baby；第二个俗语是A piece of cake。「美国习惯用语」第二十三街,就到这里。 欢迎下次再一起来,阶阶有进步，街街是熟路。See you next time！
篇6：第23讲：考场作文修改润色能力•重视修改(z)
第23讲：考场作文修改润色能力•重视修改(z)
第23讲：考场作文修改润色能力重视修改【要义解说】
好文章是改出来的。修改文章要从内容和形式两方面着眼，围绕主旨、观点、结构、体式、材料、语言等方面考虑，看文章对客观现实的反映是否恰当，是否体现了作文的要求，是否易于被读者接受。
【策略解读】
1．着眼全篇，宏观把握。面对已起草好的作文，我们应先整体浏览，从全局出发，看文章中心是否明确，看所选材料是否紧扣中心；然后再考虑文章整体框架方面的环节，看文章结构是否紧凑，布局详略是否合理，过渡是否自然。只有从全篇入手进行修改，才能统观全局，从大的背景上权衡得失，局部修改才能有依据，才能有效的提高作文水平。
2．重视开头和结尾的修改，快速攫住阅卷者心理。考场作文更要注意开头结尾的章法。如开头开门见山直截了当，或引用诗文富有诗意，或排比反复创造旋律；结尾或呼应开头，或议论作结，或含蓄表现，或点明话题。
3．小处着手，细致检查。一般来说，应特别注意以下几点：①是否有标题，标题是否恰当（没有标题扣2分，标题不恰当扣1分）；②字数是否符合要求（每少50字扣1分）；③是否有遗漏字、重复字；④是否有错别字（有3个扣1分）；⑤标点是否有误（标点的位置是否恰当；切忌随手一点，句逗不分或一逗到底，更不能都点成圆点）；⑥是否符合格式要求（标题是否在首行正中、分段后首句是否空格，应用文的款式不符是重要扣分点等）；⑦是否有语病（一类卷可以有一两个病句，二类卷可以有三四个病句，五个以上病句只能在三类卷以下），等等。
4．重视文面，多就少改。文章尽量少修改，非改不可，要使用规范的修改符号，并讲究修改的位置，即使是在上下左右边框处增加的修改文字也应该整整齐齐自成局部的整体，给人以眉目清楚之感。修改画出的线条能直勿斜，能少勿多，切忌横竖交叉呈现蛛网状。更忌随意涂画，将文面搞得青一块紫一块。考场作文的修改不像练笔作文那样随意，应该精而当，既要改到文章要害处，又要注意保持卷面的美观，让人赏心悦目，一见倾心。
当然，我们平时要培养自己动笔之前列提纲的习惯。思路没有想好之前决不动笔，提纲写成后要反复修改，直至自己满意后再动笔。这样，思路通了，提纲有了，书写成文就变得非常容易了，再也不会出现搜肠刮肚抓耳挠腮的窘状了，同时写出的作文也会脉络分明，层次清晰，文章的毛病也会少了。
【例文解剖】 话题：买镜（湖北高考作文题）
敢于直面自己的缺点
俗话说：“金无足金，人无完人。”人生在世，谁没有缺点、瑕疵呢?有了缺点并不可怕，重要的是对待缺点的态度，是自欺欺人的视而不见，加以掩盖，还是勇于面对，加以改正?“人非圣贤，孰能无过，知错能改，善莫大焉。”人应该敢于直面自己的缺点。
敢于直面自己缺点是勇者的抉择。完美无缺虽说是可望而不可及的，可俗世之人哪一个不想触摸其边角，就算不能触摸到，能与其无限接近也是美好的。在如此之道德观念下，谁愿主动承认、暴露自己的缺点与不足呢?人们想到的是如何掩饰缺点，而不是解决它。而敢于直面自己缺点的人是真正的勇者，他们需要何等的勇气在世人面前将自己的缺点展现出来，又需要何等的勇气来面对世人不屑的目光。然而，他们做到了，并将缺点加以弥补，他们是真正的勇士。
敢于直面自己的缺点是智者的闪光。智者们明白，缺点是无法掩盖的，缺点只有克服与完善，“纸包不住火”。缺点总有一天会被发现，与其被敌人发现，给你以至(致)命的打击，不如自己发现，加以完善，做到无懈可击。隐藏在暗处的'缺点像是一颗时刻威胁你生命安全的定时炸弹，你不知它会什么时候爆炸，智者会先排斥其干扰，然后开始幸福生活。
敢于直面自己的缺点是成功者必备的素质。“知己知彼，方能百战百胜。”一个人要想取得成功，必须首先了解自己，不仅要了解自己的优点，而且（要）了解自己的缺点。从某种意义上说，了解自己的缺点比了解自己的优点更为重要。因为事情成败（功）与否往往取决于一个人的缺点，成功者擅于发现自己的缺点并加以改正，使之不为自己拖后腿，甚至使缺点变为优点，为自己的最终获胜增添砝码，成功者异于他人的一个重要原因，我想与此应该不无关系吧!
真的勇士敢于直面自己的缺点与瑕疵，真的智者乐于解决自己的缺点与瑕疵，而真的成功者擅于发现自己的缺点与瑕疵。让我们都来做勇士、智者与成功者吧!
解剖：（本文为湖北标样卷）文章中心明确，思路清晰，说理比较透彻。但作者点题的意识较差，文题与话题未建立起必要的联系。评分：20+22+7＝49。我们可以将文章最后一句修改为：让我们都来买一面镜子，敢于正面自己缺点，做勇士、智者与成功者吧!
【精题解析】 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
在非洲草原上，有一种不起眼的动物叫吸血蝙蝠。它身体极小，却是野马的天敌。这种蝙蝠靠吸动物的血生存，它在攻击野马时，常附在马腿上，用锋利的牙齿极敏捷地刺破野马的腿，然后用尖尖的嘴吸血。无论野马怎么蹦跳、狂奔，都无法驱逐这种蝙蝠。蝙蝠却可以从容地吸附在野马身上，落在野马头上，直到吸饱吸足，才满意地飞去。而野马常常在暴怒、狂奔、流血中无可奈何地死去。然而动物学家们却认为吸血蝙蝠所吸的血量是微不足道的，远不会让野马死去，野马的死亡是它暴怒的习性和狂奔所致。
现实生活与这有着惊人的相似之处。很多时候将人们击垮的并不是那些灭顶之灾，而是一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事。生活要求人们不断地清点，看清忙忙碌碌中哪些是重要的，是必要的；哪些是不重要的，或是无须劳神去忙活的。然后，果断地将那些无益的事情抛弃，不去理它。
请以“清点生活”为话题写一篇文章。
[注意]①所写内容必须在话题范围之内。试题引用的材料，考生在文章中可用也可不用。②立意自定。③文体自选。④题目自拟。⑤不少于800字。⑥不得抄袭。
解析：生活中，心累通常是人为地在自己的思想上加压造成的。我们凡事太在意了，太在意邻里无意的评足，太在意同事间的小摩擦，太在意上司偶尔的责骂，太在意爱人一时的赌气。人生总会有烦心事，睁开两眼历历在目，闭上双眸空无一物，倘若凡事都记取，怎能不让自己负重前行!透视琐事、忘却不幸、藐视挫折、清点生活，这何尝不是一种心灵的释荷、人生的升华呢？
篇7：机械制图教程第23讲-组合体的尺寸标注
课 题：1、尺寸基准
2、标注尺寸要完整3、标注尺寸要清晰4、常见结构的尺寸注法课堂类型：讲授教学目的：1、讲解尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、讲解完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法3、介绍常见结构的尺寸注法教学要求：1、掌握尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、会完整、清晰地标注组合体的尺寸3、掌握常见结构的尺寸注法教学重点：1、尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法教学难点：完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法教 具：模型：支座教学方法：组合体的尺寸标注，一向是学生感觉较难的内容，学生缺少这方面的实践经验，因此在讲解组合体的尺寸标注的各条规则时，应该举出恰当的图例说明，帮助学生理解，机械制图教程第23讲-组合体的尺寸标注
。教学过程：一、复习旧课1、复习组合体的组合形式和表面连接关系2、复习组合体的画法二、引入新课题一组视图只能表示物体的形状，不能确定物体的大小，组合体各部分的真实大小及相对位置，由标注的尺寸确定。本次课就来学习组合体的尺寸标注。三、教学内容（一）尺寸基准标注尺寸的起始位置称为尺寸基准。组合体有长、宽、高三个方向的尺寸，每个方向至少应有一个尺寸基准。组合体的尺寸标注中，常选取对称面、底面、端面、轴线或圆的中心线等几何元素作为尺寸基准。在选择基准时，每个方向除一个主要基准外，根据情况还可以有几个辅助基准。基准选定后，各方向的主要尺寸（尤其是定位尺寸）就应从相应的尺寸基准进行标注。图5－8 支架的尺寸基准分析举例：如图5－8所示支架，是用竖板的右端面作为长度方向尺寸基准；用前、后对称平面作为宽度方向尺寸基准；用底板的底面作为高度方向的尺寸基准。（二）标注尺寸要完整1、尺寸种类要使尺寸标注完整，既无遗漏，又不重复，最有效的办法是对组合体进行形体分析，根据各基本体形状及其相对位置分别标注以下几类尺寸。（1）定形尺寸 确定各基本体形状大小的尺寸。举例：如图5－9（a）中的50、34、10、R8等尺寸确定了底板的形状。而R14、18等是竖板的定形尺寸。（a） （b） （c）图5－9 尺寸种类课 题：1、尺寸基准2、标注尺寸要完整3、标注尺寸要清晰4、常见结构的尺寸注法课堂类型：讲授教学目的：1、讲解尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、讲解完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法3、介绍常见结构的尺寸注法教学要求：1、掌握尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、会完整、清晰地标注组合体的尺寸3、掌握常见结构的尺寸注法教学重点：1、尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法教学难点：完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法教 具：模型：支座教学方法：组合体的尺寸标注，一向是学生感觉较难的内容，学生缺少这方面的实践经验，因此在讲解组合体的尺寸标注的各条规则时，应该举出恰当的图例说明，帮助学生理解。教学过程：一、复习旧课1、复习组合体的组合形式和表面连接关系2、复习组合体的画法二、引入新课题一组视图只能表示物体的形状，不能确定物体的大小，组合体各部分的真实大小及相对位置，由标注的尺寸确定。本次课就来学习组合体的尺寸标注。三、教学内容（一）尺寸基准标注尺寸的起始位置称为尺寸基准。组合体有长、宽、高三个方向的尺寸，每个方向至少应有一个尺寸基准。组合体的尺寸标注中，常选取对称面、底面、端面、轴线或圆的中心线等几何元素作为尺寸基准。在选择基准时，每个方向除一个主要基准外，根据情况还可以有几个辅助基准。基准选定后，各方向的主要尺寸（尤其是定位尺寸）就应从相应的尺寸基准进行标注。图5－8 支架的尺寸基准分析举例：如图5－8所示支架，是用竖板的右端面作为长度方向尺寸基准；用前、后对称平面作为宽度方向尺寸基准；用底板的底面作为高度方向的尺寸基准。（二）标注尺寸要完整1、尺寸种类要使尺寸标注完整，既无遗漏，又不重复，最有效的办法是对组合体进行形体分析，根据各基本体形状及其相对位置分别标注以下几类尺寸。（1）定形尺寸 确定各基本体形状大小的尺寸。举例：如图5－9（a）中的50、34、10、R8等尺寸确定了底板的形状。而R14、18等是竖板的定形尺寸。（a） （b） （c）图5－9 尺寸种类（2）定位尺寸 确定各基本体之间相对位置的尺寸，举例：如图5－9（a）俯视图中的尺寸8确定竖板在宽度方向的位置，主视图中尺寸32确定φ16孔在高度方向的位置。（3）总体尺寸 确定组合体外形总长、总宽、总高的尺寸。总体尺寸有时和定形尺寸重合，如图5－9（a）中的总长50和总宽34同时也是底板的定形尺寸。对于具有圆弧面的结构，通常只注中心线位置尺寸，而不注总体尺寸。如图5－9（b）中总高可由32和R14确定，此时就不再标注总高46了。当标注了总体尺寸后，有时可能会出现尺寸重复，这时可考虑省略某些定形尺寸。如图5－9（c）中总高46和定形尺寸10、36重复，此时可根据情况将此二者之一省略。2、标注尺寸的方法和步骤标注组合体的尺寸时，应先对组合体进行形体分析，选择基准，标注注出定形尺寸、定位尺寸和总体尺寸，最后检查、核对。以图5－10（a）、（b）所示的支座为例说明组合体尺寸标注的方法和步骤。（1）进行形体分析。该支座由底板、圆筒、支撑板、肋板四个部分组成，它们之间的组合形式为叠加。如图5－10（c）所示。（2）选择尺寸基准。该支座左右对称，故选择对称平面作为长度方向尺寸基准；底板和支撑板的后端面平齐，可选作宽度方向尺寸基准；底板的下底面是支座的安装面，可选作高度方向尺寸基准。如图5－10（a）所示。（3）根据形体分析，逐个注出底板、圆筒、支撑板、肋板的定形尺寸。如图5－10（d）、（e）所示。（4）根据选定的尺寸基准，注出确定各部分相对位置的定位尺寸。如图5－10（f）中确定圆筒与底板相对位置的尺寸32，以及确定底板上两个φ8孔位置的尺寸34和26。（5）标注总体尺寸。此图中所示支座的总长与底板的长度相等，总宽由底板宽度和圆筒伸出部分长度确定，总高由圆筒轴线高度加圆筒直径的一半决定，因此这几个总体尺寸都已标出。（6）检查尺寸标注有无重复、遗漏，并进行修改和调整，最后结果如图5－10（f）所示。（a）支座 （b）支座三视图（c）支座形体分析 （d）标注底板定形尺（e）标注圆筒、支撑板、肋板定形尺寸 （f）标注定位尺寸、总体尺寸图5—10 支座的尺寸标注（三）标注尺寸要清晰标注尺寸不仅要求正确、完整，还要求清晰，以方便读图。为此，在严格遵守机械制图国家标准的前提下，还应注意以下几点：1、尺寸应尽量标注在反映形体特征最明显的视图上。举例：如图5－10（d）中底板下部开槽宽度24和高度5，标注在反映实形的主视图上较好。2、同一基本形体的定形尺寸和确定其位置的定位尺寸，应尽可能集中标注在一个视图上。举例：如图5－10（f）上将两个φ8圆孔的定形尺寸2×φ8和定位尺寸34、26集中标注在俯视图上，这样便于在读图时寻找尺寸。3、直径尺寸应尽量标注在投影为非圆的视图上，而圆弧的半径应标注在投影为圆的视图上。举例：如图5－10（e）中圆筒的外径φ28标注在其投影为非圆的左视图上，底板的圆角半径R8标注在其投影为圆的俯视图上。4、尽量避免在虚线上标注尺寸。举例：如图5－10（e）将圆筒的孔径φ16标注在主视图上，而不是标注在俯、左视图上，因为φ16孔在这两个视图上的投影都是虚线。5、同一视图上的平行并列尺寸，应按“小尺寸在内，大尺寸在外”的原则来排列，且尺寸线与轮廓线、尺寸线与尺寸线之间的间距要适当。6、尺寸应尽量配置在视图的外面，以避免尺寸线与轮廓线交错重叠，保持图形清晰。（四）常见结构的尺寸注法图5－11列出了组合体上一些常见结构的尺寸注法。要求学生熟记图例。（a） （b） （c）（d） （e） （f）图5－11 常见结构的尺寸注法四、小结1、尺寸基准和尺寸种类2、完整、清晰地标注尺寸的方法3、常见结构的尺寸注法篇8：第197讲：the works; in the works
第197讲：the works; in the works
我们要给大家再介绍两个和work这个字有关的习惯用语。让我们先来复习一下work这个字吧。Work就是工作，或者是劳动。可是，今天我们要讲的习惯用语要在work这个字后面加一个s，成为works。Works就不能解释为工作或劳动了。Works可以解释为：工厂，比如说，水泥厂，钢铁厂等。Works也可以解释为一个机器的各个部件。这也就是我们今天要讲的第一个习惯用语的意思，这个习惯用语很简单，就是在works这个字前面加上一个定冠词：the works. 要是你在理发店里听见一个人说the works，他的意思就是他不仅要理发师给他理发，而且他还要给他洗头、剃胡子、修指甲等，也就是说这家理发店提供的所有服务项目他都要。在妇女的理发店里也是一样。要是一位女士在理发店里说她要the works，那她就是说她不仅要洗头、做头发，而且还要清理脸部皮肤和其它所有的服务。你要是在美国到麦当劳或别的快餐店去的话，你会听到更多的人说他们要the works。下面是一个学生在买一份简便的午餐。他说：
French fries, please, and a large coke. And a hamburger with all the works - mustard, catsup, pickle, lettuce and onion.
这个学生对售货员说：请你给我炸土豆条，和一大杯可口可乐。另外还要一个汉堡宝，全部作料都要，芥末，番茄酱，泡菜，生菜和洋葱。
汉堡宝是美国人经常吃的一种食品，就是把一个圆的小面包切开分成上下两半，把牛肉末煎成的肉饼夹在面包当中，然后再放上一点生菜，几片西红柿，一点切的很细的洋葱等作料。有的人喜欢加一点番茄浆，有的人则喜欢加一点烤肉浆。当然牛肉饼是否做的好，煎的好，这对整个汉堡宝的味道起很大的作用。你可以到快餐店里吃到汉堡宝，大的餐馆里吃午饭的时候也有汉堡宝。当然价钱就要比快餐店的贵多了。
人的性格都是各不相同的，有的`人处处精打细算，花钱很小心。可是有的人用起钱来大手大脚，喜欢摆场面。下面就是一个人在说他的妈妈和妹妹。
My mother and my sister have very different personalities. Mom always washes her hair before she goes to her hairdresser just to save money. But my sister asks for the works every time despite the fact she doesn't even have a job.
这人说：我妈妈和妹妹是两个性格完全不同的人。我妈妈每次去理发店之前总是先自己洗头，这样好省一点钱。可是，我妹妹总是要理发店给她全套服务，一样不少，尽管她连个工作都没有。
要指出的是，这种大手大脚的情况在美国年轻人当中还不在少数。
下面我们要给大家讲解的习惯用语就是：in the works. In the works这个习惯用语是用来形容一个正在计划中的工程，或者这个工程正在进行中。要是说一个工程is in the works，那它的意思就是这个工程已经开始，但是在结束前还有很多工作要做。下面这个例子是一个电台记者在报导汽车工业正在进行的一个项目。他说：
Several automakers have projects in the works to put a practical electrical car on the market by the year two thousand. They hope to build a car that will run four hundred miles without recharging the batteries.
这人说：几家汽车公司都在研究制造一种实用的电动汽车，计划在2000年之前能够投入市场。他们希望推出一种能够开四百英哩不用充电的汽车。”
我们再来举一个例子。这是一个人在说他自己的个人计划。
I like to read books on different to
★ 形容东西多的成语
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